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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/micad/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-micad-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK23657_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK23657_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 2004-2013.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/micad/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/VCAM-1-CLIO-Cy55/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/Cy55_ATF_IO/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK23657_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm">CLIO-Cy5.5</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">The MICAD Research Team</span>.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">July 5, 2006</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">July 21, 2006</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="CLIO-Cy55.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK23657/table/CLIO-Cy55.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__CLIO-Cy55.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Chemical name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5</td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CLIO-Cy5.5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Synonym:</b>
|
||
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iron oxide</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Phagocyte and tumor cell</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Endocytosis</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Magnetic resonance (MRI), Optical (NIRF)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iron oxide, Cy5.5</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Click on the above structure for additional information in <a href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubChem</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="CLIO-Cy55.Background"><h2 id="_CLIO-Cy55_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=CLIO%20Cy5.5" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>Complete resection is critical in terms of survival of brain tumor populations (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). Consequently, accurate delineation of tumor margins is critical to the successful surgical resection of brain tumors. It is important to relate the preoperative radiological images to the visual presentation of pathology during surgery. There are several such visible wavelength-emitting optical agents as fluorecein (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.2">2</a>), indocyanine green (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.3">3</a>), and porphyrin (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.4">4</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.5">5</a>) have been used to provide intraoperative fluorescence images in the tumor region. However, they have not been widely accepted as providing accurate tumor boundary because of the limited circulation time, mediocre signal-to-noise ratio, and readily diffuse into and out of the interstitial space. Other low molecular weight agents such as gadolinium chelates have been applied to obtain the contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) image, but they were not very useful intraoperatively because the distribution was not constant over the hours required by tumor resection. Hence it is of interest to develop a reagent that provides preoperative MR image which can be visualized intraoperatively.</p><p>A multimodal nanoparticle probe that consists of a contrasting agent (for preoperative MR image) and a near infrared (NIR) fluorochrome (for intraoperative visualization) may provide consistent information both preoperatively and intraoperatively. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles such as MION and CLIO can be internalized by cells of reticuloendothelial system and have long circulating time within animal body. Therefore, it can accumulate in the brain tumors (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.6">6</a>). The blood half-life of MION in human is about 24 hours (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.7">7</a>) and the blood half-lives of both CLIO-NH<sub>2</sub> and MION are about 10 hours in mice (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.8">8</a>). The accumulation of nanoparticles in cells cause reduction in signal intensity with T2-weighted spin echo pulse sequences. These nanoparticles thus become a good choice to be administered before the surgery for MR images. Compare to visible wavelength-emitting fluorochromes, NIR fluorochrome (e.g. Cy5.5) provides improved light transmission through tissue and decreases the effect, hence the background, of autofluorescence from brain tissue (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.9">9</a>). Near Infrared fluorescence (NIRF) also provides simultaneous full-color spectrum white light imaging while acquiring and displaying fluorescence separately (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.10">10</a>).</p><p>CLIO-Cy5.5 (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.1">1</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.9">9</a>) is a multimodal agent that consists of a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (CLIO) and a NIR fluorochrome (Cy5.5). It serves as a contrast agent for preoperative MRI to visualize the brain tumor and, in the meantime, provides an intraoperative NIR fluorescence image that discriminate tumor from normal brain tissue because of the phagocytic function of tumor cells. This nanoparticle is internalized by cells before surgery begins and does not diffuse out of the cells or through the interstitial space during the surgery, consequently, it could be a useful agent which provides consistent information before and during the brain tumor resection.</p></div><div id="CLIO-Cy55.Synthesis"><h2 id="_CLIO-Cy55_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=CLIO%20MRI%20Cy5.5" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The synthesis of CLIO-Cy5.5 was described by Kircher et al. (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.9">9</a>). In brief, 0.2 mL of CLIO-NH<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle (produced by mixing CLIO nanoparticles with dextran, followed by activation with epichlorohydrin and ammonia (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.11">11</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.12">12</a>), at a concentration of 10 mg Fe/mL in a citrate buffer (20 mM, pH 8) was mixed with Cy5.5 solution at room temperature for 2 h, followed by incubation at 4°C overnight. Excess Cy5.5 was removed by gel filtration using a Sephadex G-25 column in a citrate buffer (20 mM, 150mM NaCl, pH 8). The size of the nanoparticle was determined to be 32 nm using laser light scattering method and had an average of 1 Cy5.5 dye per iron oxide crystal.</p></div><div id="CLIO-Cy55.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes"><h2 id="_CLIO-Cy55_In_Vitro_Studies_Tes_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=CLIO%20Cy5.5%20in%20vitro" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No relevant publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="CLIO-Cy55.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_CLIO-Cy55_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="CLIO-Cy55.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=CLIO%20Cy5.5%20rodentia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The study of brain tumor delineation by CLIO-Cy5.5 was performed by injecting the 9L rat gliosarcoma cell line transfected to express GFP (9L-GFP-cell) into Fischer 344 rats (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.9">9</a>). MRI of rat was performed 10-14 days after tumor inoculation. Cy5.5-CLIO (15 mg/kg) was introduced into animals through tail vein injection and MRI was performed 24 h after the injection. The distribution of tumor in the brain was determined by fluorescence of GFP and Cy5.5 on the cryosectioned tumors. High congruency of tumor extent was observed between the MR image and the H&E staining. The accumulation of iron was demonstrated by DAB-amplified Prussian blue stain. Twenty-five slices of five brain tumors were analyzed by comparing both Cy5.5 and GFP positive area. The data was fitted with linear regression. It showed a slope of 1.013, and intercept of 0.820 mm<sup>2</sup>, and a R<sup>2</sup> of 0.996. The over estimation by Cy5.5 compared to the tumor delineation by GFP fluorescence was caused by the uptake of CLIO-Cy5.5 by microglia.</p><p>Hosts with different immune responses to the tumor were used to further asses the accuracy of brain tumor delineation by CLIO-Cy5.5. GFP expressing tumor cells were implanted in Wistar male rate and female nude mice (<a class="bk_pop" href="#CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.1">1</a>). Images were taken after 7-10 days of inoculation. CLIO-Cy5.5 (15 mg/kg) was administered through tail vein injection and MR images were taken 24 h after the introduction of CLIO-Cy5.5. A threshold method was applied to determine the boundary of tumors. The average overestimation of CLIO-Cy5.5 border was 0.02 mm in the rat and 0.002 mm in nude mouse compared to the GFP border (which indicated the tumor extent). The maximum overestimation was 65 and 151 μm, respectively, and the maximum underestimation was 64 and 57 μm, respectively, for mice and rat. These were within a few cell diameters of the true tumor boundary. CLIO-Cy5.5 nanoparticles were internalized by microglia/macrophages at the periphery of the tumor and the tumor cells. There was no uptake of the nanoparticle by astrocytes.</p></div><div id="CLIO-Cy55.Other_NonPrimate_Mam"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=CLIO%20Cy5.5%20%28dog%20or%20sheep%20or%20pig%20or%20rabbit%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="CLIO-Cy55.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=CLIO%20AND%20Cy5.5%20AND%20%28primate%20not%20human%29" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="CLIO-Cy55.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_CLIO-Cy55_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=CLIO%20AND%20Cy5.5%20AND%20human" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No relevant publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="CLIO-Cy55.references"><h2 id="_CLIO-Cy55_references_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.1">Trehin R , Figueiredo JL , Pittet MJ , Weissleder R , Josephson L , Mahmood U . Fluorescent nanoparticle uptake for brain tumor visualization. <span><span class="ref-journal">Neoplasia. </span>2006;<span class="ref-vol">8</span>(4):302–311.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1600680/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1600680</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16756722" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16756722</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.2">Kabuto M , Kubota T , Kobayashi H , Nakagawa T , Ishii H , Takeuchi H , Kitai R , Kodera T . Experimental and clinical study of detection of glioma at surgery using fluorescent imaging by a surgical microscope after fluorescein administration. <span><span class="ref-journal">Neurol Res. </span>1997;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>(1):9–16.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9090631" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9090631</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.3">Haglund MM , Berger MS , Hochman DW . Enhanced optical imaging of human gliomas and tumor margins. <span><span class="ref-journal">Neurosurgery. </span>1996;<span class="ref-vol">38</span>(2):308–317.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8869058" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8869058</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.4">Stummer W , Reulen HJ , Novotny A , Stepp H , Tonn JC . Fluorescence-guided resections of malignant gliomas--an overview. <span><span class="ref-journal">Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien). </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">88</span>:9–12.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14531555" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14531555</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.5">Stummer W , Stocker S , Wagner S , Stepp H , Fritsch C , Goetz C , Goetz AE , Kiefmann R , Reulen HJ . Intraoperative detection of malignant gliomas by 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced porphyrin fluorescence. <span><span class="ref-journal">Neurosurgery. </span>1998;<span class="ref-vol">42</span>(3):518–525.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9526986" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9526986</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.6">Varallyay P , Nesbit G , Muldoon LL , Nixon RR , Delashaw J , Cohen JI , Petrillo A , Rink D , Neuwelt EA . Comparison of two superparamagnetic viral-sized iron oxide particles ferumoxides and ferumoxtran-10 with a gadolinium chelate in imaging intracranial tumors. <span><span class="ref-journal">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">23</span>(4):510–519.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7975083/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7975083</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11950637" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11950637</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.7">McLachlan SJ , Morris MR , Lucas MA , Fisco RA , Eakins MN , Fowler DR , Scheetz RB , Olukotun AY . Phase I clinical evaluation of a new iron oxide MR contrast agent. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Magn Reson Imaging. </span>1994;<span class="ref-vol">4</span>(3):301–307.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8061425" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8061425</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.8">Wunderbaldinger P , Josephson L , Bremer C , Moore A , Weissleder R . Detection of lymph node metastases by contrast-enhanced MRI in an experimental model. <span><span class="ref-journal">Magn Reson Med. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">47</span>(2):292–297.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11810672" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11810672</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.9">Kircher MF , Mahmood U , King RS , Weissleder R , Josephson L . A multimodal nanoparticle for preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative optical brain tumor delineation. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Res. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">63</span>(23):8122–8125.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14678964" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14678964</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.10">Funovics MA , Weissleder R , Mahmood U . Catheter-based in vivo imaging of enzyme activity and gene expression: feasibility study in mice. <span><span class="ref-journal">Radiology. </span>2004;<span class="ref-vol">231</span>(3):659–666.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15163807" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15163807</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.11">Josephson L , Perez JM , Weissleder R . Magnetic Nanosensors for the Detection of Oligonucleotide Sequences. <span><span class="ref-journal">Angew Chem Int Ed. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">40</span>(17):3204–3206.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29712059" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29712059</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="CLIO-Cy55.EXTYLES.12">Josephson L , Tung CH , Moore A , Weissleder R . High-efficiency intracellular magnetic labeling with novel superparamagnetic-Tat peptide conjugates. <span><span class="ref-journal">Bioconjug Chem. </span>1999;<span class="ref-vol">10</span>:186–191.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10077466" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10077466</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK23657</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20641852" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">20641852</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/micad/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/micad/VCAM-1-CLIO-Cy55/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/micad/Cy55_ATF_IO/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK23657/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23657/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23657" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK23657" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">The MICAD Research Team. Cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5. 2006 Jul 5 [Updated 2006 Jul 21]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK23657/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK23657.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (125K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/micad/toc/bin/micad.csv">MICAD summary (CSV file)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CLIO-Cy55.Background" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Background</a></li><li><a href="#CLIO-Cy55.Synthesis" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Synthesis</a></li><li><a href="#CLIO-Cy55.In_Vitro_Studies_Tes" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</a></li><li><a href="#CLIO-Cy55.Animal_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Animal Studies</a></li><li><a href="#CLIO-Cy55.Human_Studies" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Human Studies</a></li><li><a href="#CLIO-Cy55.references" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">References</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Search MICAD</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-application" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmSearch" method="get" action="/books/NBK5330/" id="frmSearch"><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc//js/bookshelf/micad.js">/**/</script><label class="offscreen_noflow" for="txtfield">Search term</label><input id="txtfield" type="text" name="f1_term" size="22" onKeyPress="KeyPress('micad',event,'/books/NBK5330/','')" /><button name="f1_search" type="submit">Go</button><button onclick="this.form.reset();" type="reset">Clear</button><p><b>Limit my Search:</b></p><div class="clearfix"><label for="detection">Method of detection:</label><div class="right"><select name="detection" id="detection" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(MRI OR "Magnetic resonance imaging" OR MRS)">MRI</option><option value="Multimodal">Multimodal imaging</option><option value="Optical">Optical imaging</option><option value="PET">PET</option><option value="Photoacoustic">Photoacoustic imaging</option><option value="(SPECT OR planar)">SPECT</option><option value="Ultrasound">Ultrasound</option><option value="(x-ray OR ct)">X-ray, CT</option></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="signal">Source of signal/contrast:</label><div class="right"><select name="signal" id="signal" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><optgroup label="MRI agents"><option value="(Copper OR Cu)">Copper</option><option value="(Europium OR Eu3+)">Europium</option><option value="(Fluorine OR 19F)">Fluorine</option><option value="(Gadolinium OR Gd3+)">Gadolinium</option><option value=""Hyperpolarized 13C"">Hyperpolarized 13C</option><option value=""Iron oxide"">Iron oxide</option><option value=""Nitroxide radicals"">Nitroxide radicals</option><option value="(Oxygen OR 17O)">Oxygen</option><option value="Thulium">Thulium</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Multimodal agents"><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND Optical)">Gadolinium and optical</option><option value="((Gadolinium OR Gd3+) AND (Gold OR Au))">Gadolinium and Gold</option><option value="("Iron oxide" AND (64Cu OR 124I OR 111In))">Iron oxide and
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radionuclides</option><option value="(Perfluorocarbon AND (Europium OR Eu3+))">Perfluorocarbon and
|
||
europium</option><option value="(166Ho OR 67Ga OR 68Ga OR 123I OR 124I OR 125I)">Radionuclides</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Optical agents"><option value="("Fluorescent dyes" OR protein)">Fluorescent dyes or proteins</option><option value=""Luminescent agents"">Luminescent agents</option><option value="(Metals OR Metal OR Gold OR Au)">Metals (Au)</option><option value="Nanotubes">Nanotubes</option><option value=""Quantum dots"">Quantum dots</option></optgroup><optgroup label="PET radionuclides"><option value="("Arsenic 74" OR 74As)">Arsenic-74</option><option value="("Bromine 76" OR 76Br)">Bromine-76</option><option value="("Carbon 11" OR 11C)">Carbon-11</option><option value="(Copper-60 OR Copper-61 OR Copper-62 OR Copper-64 OR 60Cu OR 61Cu OR 62Cu OR 64Cu)">Copper-60, 61, 62, 64</option><option value="("Fluorine 18" OR 18F)">Fluorine-18</option><option value="(Gallium-68 OR 68Ga)">Gallium-68</option><option value="("Iodine 124" OR 124I)">Iodine-124</option><option value="("Nitrogen 13" OR 13N)">Nitrogen-13</option><option value="("Yttrium 86" OR 86Y)">Yttrium-86</option><option value="("Zirconium 89" OR 89Zr)">Zirconium-89</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Photoacoustic agents"><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="("Indocyanine green" OR ICG)">Indocyanine green</option></optgroup><optgroup label="SPECT radionuclides"><option value="(Gallium-67 OR 67Ga)">Gallium-67</option><option value="("Indium 111" OR 111In)">Indium-111</option><option value="("Iodine 123" OR "Iodine 125" OR "Iodine 131" OR 123I OR 125I OR 131I)">Iodine-123, 125, 131</option><option value="("Lutetium 177" OR 177Lu)">Lutetium-177</option><option value="(Rhenium OR 186Re OR 188Re)">Rhenium</option><option value="("Technetium 99m" OR 99mTc)">Technetium-99m</option><option value="("Tellurium 125m" OR 125mTe)">Tellurium-125m</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Ultrasound agents"><option value="Microbubbles">Microbubbles</option><option value="Nanobubbles">Nanobubbles</option></optgroup><optgroup label="X-ray and CT agents"><option value="(Bismuth OR Bi)">Bismuth</option><option value="(Gold OR Au)">Gold</option><option value="Iodine">Iodine</option></optgroup></select></div></div><div class="clearfix"><label for="agent">Agent Category:</label><div class="right"><select name="agent" id="agent" style="width:200px"><option value="" selected="selected">Any</option><option value="(antibody OR trastuzumab OR immunoglobulin)">Antibodies</option><option value="(bacteria OR bacteriophage OR coli)">Bacteria</option><option value="cell">Cells</option><option value="(compound OR "amino acid" OR "folic acid" OR "cage molecule" OR carbohydrate OR copolymers OR polymer OR "small molecule" OR macromolecule OR triiodobenzoate OR estradiol OR glycosaminoglycan)">Compounds</option><option value="ligand">Ligands</option><option value="(lipid OR liposome OR liposomes">Lipids</option><option value="metal">Metal</option><option 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receptor-antibody OR antibody-receptor)">Receptors</option><option value="transporter">Transporters</option><option value="non-targeted">Non-targeted</option><option value=""nucleic acid"">Nucleic acids</option><option value="(non-targeted OR "unknown binding site")">Others</option></select></div></div><div><input id="__micad_btn_1" type="radio" name="stage" value="vitro" /><label for="__micad_btn_1"><i>In vitro</i></label><input id="__micad_btn_2" type="radio" name="stage" value="rodents" /><label for="__micad_btn_2">Rodents</label><input id="__micad_btn_3" type="radio" name="stage" value="mammals" /><label for="__micad_btn_3">Non-primate non-rodent mammals</label><br /><input id="__micad_btn_4" type="radio" name="stage" value="primates" /><label for="__micad_btn_4">Non-human primates</label><input id="__micad_btn_5" type="radio" name="stage" value="humans" /><label for="__micad_btn_5">Humans</label><input id="__micad_btn_6" type="radio" name="stage" value="any" checked="checked" /><label for="__micad_btn_6">Any</label></div></form><form xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" name="frmGo" method="get" action="javascript:alert('frmGo:_@action_was_not_set')" id="frmGo"><input name="term" value="." type="hidden" /></form></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pmc&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pmc_refs&IdsFromResult=1509960" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">PubMed Central citations</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&IdsFromResult=1509960" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641236" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule monoclonal antibody M/K-2.7 conjugated cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5 nanoparticles.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule monoclonal antibody M/K-2.7 conjugated cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5 nanoparticles.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641636" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Lys-Thr-Leu-Leu-Pro-Thr-Pro-cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Lys-Thr-Leu-Leu-Pro-Thr-Pro-cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641476" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> VCAM-1 internalizing peptide-28 nanoparticles.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> VCAM-1 internalizing peptide-28 nanoparticles.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20641674" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Annexin V-cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Annexin V-cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/21542558" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Annexin A5-Gd-micelles-Cy5.5.</a><span class="source">[Molecular Imaging and Contrast...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Annexin A5-Gd-micelles-Cy5.5.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Leung K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD). 2004</em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=20641852" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" 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href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d6429384f3725e599d7042">Cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5 - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (M...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5 - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d6429267c23b31e023441d">Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule monoclonal antibody M/K-2.7 conjugated cros...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule monoclonal antibody M/K-2.7 conjugated cross-linked iron oxide-Cy5.5 nanoparticles - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD)<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" 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