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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>99mTc-Tricarbonyl–labeled aspartic-N-monoacetic acid (ASMA) - Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]">
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<meta name="citation_title" content="99mTc-Tricarbonyl–labeled aspartic-N-monoacetic acid (ASMA)">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2012/09/13">
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Arvind Chopra">
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="99mTc-Tricarbonyl–labeled aspartic-N-monoacetic acid (ASMA)">
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Arvind Chopra">
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<meta name="og:description" content="Ortho-[131I]-iodohippurate ([131I]-OIH) is considered to be the gold standard for the noninvasive imaging of kidney function and the detection of nephro-urological diseases in humans (2). However, because [131I]-OIH can deliver a high dose of radiation to the kidneys and the thyroid, especially in patients with an impaired renal function, this radiolabeled compound is no longer available for clinical use in many countries (1). In the United States, 99m Tc-labeled mercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine ([99mTc]-MAG3) is often used with gamma planar imaging to assess renal function in individuals, but this tracer generates a low signal/background ratio from the kidneys due to a differential attenuation of the 99mTc-gamma radiation between the two organs (3). In addition, data generated from these scans do not allow accurate quantification of kidney function because the renal clearance of [99mTc]-MAG3 is only 50%–60% that of [131I]-OIH (1).">
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id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK100584_"><span class="title" itemprop="name"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-Tricarbonyl–labeled aspartic-<i>N</i>-monoacetic acid (ASMA)</span></h1><div itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="subtitle whole_rhythm"> [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(ASMA)</div><p class="contribs">Chopra A.</p><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK100584_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figASMA99mTcTncchemicalname99mtctricarb"><a href="/books/NBK100584/table/ASMA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99mtctricarb/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobASMA99mTcTncchemicalname99mtctricarb"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ASMA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99mtctricarb"><a href="/books/NBK100584/table/ASMA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99mtctricarb/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobASMA99mTcTncchemicalname99mtctricarb">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">
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<i>In vitro</i>
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Rodents
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</p></div></div><div id="ASMA99mTc.Background"><h2 id="_ASMA99mTc_Background_">Background</h2><p>[<a href="/pubmed?term=%5B99mTc%5D%28CO%293%28ASMA%29&cmd=DetailsSearch" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p><i>Ortho</i>-[<sup>131</sup>I]-iodohippurate ([<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH) is considered to be the gold standard for the noninvasive imaging of kidney function and the detection of nephro-urological diseases in humans (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.2" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.2">2</a>). However, because [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH can deliver a high dose of radiation to the kidneys and the thyroid, especially in patients with an impaired renal function, this radiolabeled compound is no longer available for clinical use in many countries (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>). In the United States, <sup>99m</sup> Tc-labeled mercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine ([<sup>99m</sup>Tc]-MAG<sub>3</sub>) is often used with gamma planar imaging to assess renal function in individuals, but this tracer generates a low signal/background ratio from the kidneys due to a differential attenuation of the <sup>99m</sup>Tc-gamma radiation between the two organs (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.3" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.3">3</a>). In addition, data generated from these scans do not allow accurate quantification of kidney function because the renal clearance of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]-MAG<sub>3</sub> is only 50%–60% that of [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>).</p><p>A <sup>99m</sup>Tc-tricarbonyl–labeled nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)–based renal imaging agent ([<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(NTA)) was shown to be equivalent to [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH for the assessment of kidney function in normal rats (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.4" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.4">4</a>) and human volunteers (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.5" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.5">5</a>). However, the use of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(NTA) in patients with a clinically diminished renal capacity has not been evaluated. In an effort to develop a radiolabeled imaging agent that can be used to assess impaired renal function, an isomer of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(NTA), [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(aspartic-<i>N</i>-monoacetic acid) ([<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(ASMA)), was developed, and the biodistribution of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(ASMA) was investigated in normal rats and a rats that model of renal failure (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>).</p><div id="ASMA99mTc.Related_Resource_Links"><h3>Related Resource Links</h3><p>Related chapters in <a href="/books/?term=fluorohippurate+AND+micad%5Bbook%5D&view=chapter&p%24a=&p%24l=PBooksLayout&p%24st=books" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MICAD</a></p><p>References for [<sup>131</sup>I]-iodohippurate in <a href="/pubmed?term=131I-iodohippurate&cmd=DetailsSearch" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a></p><p>References for [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]-MAG<sub>3</sub> in <a href="/pubmed?term=99mTc-MAG3&cmd=DetailsSearch" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a></p><p><a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=99mTc-MAG3+" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinical trials</a> with [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]-MAG<sub>3</sub></p></div></div><div id="ASMA99mTc.Synthesis"><h2 id="_ASMA99mTc_Synthesis_">Synthesis</h2><p>[<a href="/pubmed?term=%5B99mTc%5D%28CO%293%28ASMA%29%20synthesis&cmd=DetailsSearch" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>A racemic mixture of the <span class="small-caps">d</span>- and <span class="small-caps">l</span>-isomers of ASMA (<i>rac</i>-ASMA) and the enantiomerically pure <span class="small-caps">l</span>-ASMA were synthesized as described elsewhere (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>). The <sup>99m</sup>Tc-tricarbonyl complexes of <i>rac</i>-ASMA ([<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<i>rac</i>-ASMA)) and <span class="small-caps">l</span>-ASMA ([<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<span class="small-caps">l</span>-ASMA)) were prepared as detailed by Lipowska et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>). The radiochemical purity (RCP) of the two radiolabeled compounds was >99% as determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The radiochemical yields (RCY) and specific activities of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<i>rac</i>-ASMA) and [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<span class="small-caps">l</span>-ASMA) were not reported.</p><p>The source, RCY, RCP, and specific activity of [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH, which was used in the biodistribution studies for comparison purposes, were not reported (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>).</p><p>In this chapter, the term [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(ASMA) has been used as a general reference to the [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<i>rac</i>-ASMA) and [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<span class="small-caps">l</span>-ASMA) complexes.</p></div><div id="ASMA99mTc.In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce"><h2 id="_ASMA99mTc_In_Vitro_Studies_Testing_in_Ce_"><i>In Vitro</i> Studies: Testing in Cells and Tissues</h2><p>[<a href="/pubmed?term=%5B99mTc%5D%28CO%293%28ASMA%29%20in%20vitro&cmd=DetailsSearch" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The stability of the [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(ASMA) tracers was evaluated by incubating the radiochemicals with or without cysteine or histidine in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for up to 24 h (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>). HPLC analysis of aliquots obtained at various time points from the mixtures showed there was no decomposition of the radiochemical complexes for at least 4 h.</p></div><div id="ASMA99mTc.Animal_Studies"><h2 id="_ASMA99mTc_Animal_Studies_">Animal Studies</h2><div id="ASMA99mTc.Rodents"><h3>Rodents</h3><p>[<a href="/pubmed?term=%5B99mTc%5D%28CO%293%28ASMA%29%20rodentia&cmd=DetailsSearch" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>The biodistribution of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(ASMA) was investigated in normal rats (Group A) and a group of rats that modeled renal failure (Group B; the renal pedicles in these animals were ligated so that no urine was produced) (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>). The rats (<i>n</i> = 4 anesthetized animals/group) were injected with a mixture of 0.74 MBq (20 μCi) [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(ASMA) and 185 kBq (5 MCi) [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH through the tail vein. Group A rats were euthanized at 10 min postinjection (p.i.) and at 60 min p.i., and the Group B animals were euthanized at 60 min p.i. to determine the amount of radioactivity accumulated in the tissues and organs of interest. Urine was also collected from these animals for the duration of the study as described by Lipowska et al. (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>). The amount of radioactivity present in the various tissues and urine of the animals was presented as a percent of injected dose (% ID) as shown in Table 1. With both [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(ASMA) preparations, the amount of radioactivity in the blood of Group A rats was comparable to that with [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH (<i>P</i> = 0.07) at 10 min p.i.; however, at 60 min p.i. the amount of <sup>99m</sup>Tc in the blood with both <sup>99m</sup>Tc tracers was significantly lower (<i>P</i> < 0.003) than radioiodide. At 10 min p.i., the amount of radioactivity from the <sup>99m</sup>Tc tracers in the urine was comparable to that from [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH (<i>P</i> > 0.1). At 60 min p.i., the elimination of <sup>99m</sup>Tc through the urine was significantly faster (<i>P</i> < 0.001) than that of <sup>131</sup>I. The urinary <sup>99m</sup>Tc/<sup>131</sup>I ratios at 10 min p.i. and 60 min p.i. were 106 ± 6 and 100 ± 3, and 106 ± 0 and 107 ± 2 for [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<i>rac</i>-ASMA) and [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<span class="small-caps">l</span>-ASMA), respectively. With the <sup>99m</sup>Tc-labeled compounds, very low levels of radioactivity were detected in the other organs (only data for liver is presented in Table 1).</p><p>
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<b>Table 1: Biodistribution of tracer from [</b>
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<sup>
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<b>99m</b>
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</sup>
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<b>Tc](CO)</b>
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<sub>
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<b>3</b>
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</sub>
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<b>(ASMA) presented as % ID in select tissues of normal rats (Group A) and rats with renal failure (Group B) (</b>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>
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<b>).</b>
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</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figASMA99mTcTnctissueorganorfluidgrou"><a href="/books/NBK100584/table/ASMA99mTc.T.nc_tissue_organ_or_fluidgrou/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figASMA99mTcTnctissueorganorfluidgrou" rid-ob="figobASMA99mTcTnctissueorganorfluidgrou"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK100584/table/ASMA99mTc.T.nc_tissue_organ_or_fluidgrou/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK100584/table/ASMA99mTc.T.nc_tissue_organ_or_fluidgrou/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ASMA99mTc.T.nc_tissue_organ_or_fluidgrou"><a href="/books/NBK100584/table/ASMA99mTc.T.nc_tissue_organ_or_fluidgrou/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobASMA99mTcTnctissueorganorfluidgrou">Table</a></h4></div></div><p>
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<b>Values in parentheses represent % ID of radioactivity from [</b>
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<sup>
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<b>131</b>
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</sup>
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<b>I]-OIH. ID: injected dose; p.i., postinjection.</b>
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</p><p>Because the biodistribution of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<i>rac</i>-ASMA) and [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<span class="small-caps">l</span>-ASMA) was similar in the normal rats, only [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<i>rac</i>-ASMA) was used for the biodistribution study in rodents with renal failure (Group B) (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>). The Group B animals showed an increased accumulation of radioactivity in the liver and intestine both with [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<i>rac</i>-ASMA) and [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH at 60 min p.i. Accumulation of the tracer was significantly higher with [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH compared with [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<i>rac</i>-ASMA) (<i>P</i> = 0.032 and <i>P</i> = 0.019 for liver and intestine, respectively). This indicated that, compared with the <sup>99m</sup>Tc-labeled tracer, the excretion of radioactivity from the <sup>131</sup>I-labeled compound was primarily through the hepatobiliary route under renal failure conditions. In addition, the retention of label in the blood was significantly higher (<i>P</i> = 0.017) with [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(<i>rac</i>-ASMA) than with [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH.</p><p>From these studies, the investigators concluded that the biodistribution of the [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(ASMA) complexes was quite similar to that of [<sup>131</sup>I]-OIH in normal rodents (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>).</p></div><div id="ASMA99mTc.Other_NonPrimate_Mammals"><h3>Other Non-Primate Mammals</h3><p>[<a href="/pubmed?term=%5B99mTc%5D%28CO%293%28ASMA%29%20Non-Primate%20Mammals&cmd=DetailsSearch" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="ASMA99mTc.NonHuman_Primates"><h3>Non-Human Primates</h3><p>[<a href="/pubmed?term=%5B99mTc%5D%28CO%293%28ASMA%29%20Non-Human%20Primates&cmd=DetailsSearch" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div></div><div id="ASMA99mTc.Human_Studies"><h2 id="_ASMA99mTc_Human_Studies_">Human Studies</h2><p>[<a href="/pubmed?term=%5B99mTc%5D%28CO%293%28ASMA%29%20Human%20Studies&cmd=DetailsSearch" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PubMed</a>]</p><p>No publication is currently available.</p></div><div id="ASMA99mTc.Supplemental_Information"><h2 id="_ASMA99mTc_Supplemental_Information_">Supplemental Information</h2><p>[<a href="/books/n/micad/disclaimer/?report=reader">Disclaimers</a>]</p><p>No information is currently available.</p></div><div id="ASMA99mTc.NIH_Support"><h2 id="_ASMA99mTc_NIH_Support_">NIH Support</h2><p>Supported by grant R37 DK38842 from the National Institutes of Health.</p></div><div id="ASMA99mTc.References"><h2 id="_ASMA99mTc_References_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">Lipowska, M., J. Klenc, L.G. Marzilli, and A.T. Taylor, <em>Preclinical Evaluation of 99mTc(CO)3-Aspartic-N-Monoacetic Acid, a Renal Radiotracer with Pharmacokinetic Properties Comparable to 131I-o-Iodohippurate.</em> J Nucl Med, 2012. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4064304/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4064304</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22717977" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22717977</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ASMA99mTc.REF.2">Itoh K.
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<em>99mTc-MAG3: review of pharmacokinetics, clinical application to renal diseases and quantification of renal function.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">Ann Nucl Med. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">15</span>(3):179–90.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11545186" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11545186</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ASMA99mTc.REF.3">Awasthi V., Pathuri G., Agashe H.B., Gali H.
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<em>Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of p-18F-Fluorohippurate as a new radiopharmaceutical for assessment of renal function by PET.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2011;<span class="ref-vol">52</span>(1):147–53.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21149490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21149490</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ASMA99mTc.REF.4">Lipowska M., Marzilli L.G., Taylor A.T.
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<em>99mTc(CO)3-nitrilotriacetic acid: a new renal radiopharmaceutical showing pharmacokinetic properties in rats comparable to those of 131I-OIH.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2009;<span class="ref-vol">50</span>(3):454–60.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2723051/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2723051</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19223406" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19223406</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ASMA99mTc.REF.5">Taylor A.T., Lipowska M., Marzilli L.G.
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<em>(99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA): a (99m)Tc renal tracer with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to those of (131)I-OIH in healthy volunteers.</em>
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<span><span class="ref-journal">J Nucl Med. </span>2010;<span class="ref-vol">51</span>(3):391–6.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2852246/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2852246</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20150248" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20150248</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK100584_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Author Information and Affiliations</h3><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Arvind Chopra</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, Bethesda, MD 20894<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim" class="oemail">vog.hin.mln.ibcn@dacim</a></div></div></div><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">August 2, 2012</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">September 13, 2012</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Chopra A. 99mTc-Tricarbonyl–labeled aspartic-N-monoacetic acid (ASMA) 2012 Aug 2 [Updated 2012 Sep 13]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/micad/CCK8KHKH99mTc/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/micad/TNFR2FcIL1ra99mTc/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobASMA99mTcTncchemicalname99mtctricarb"><div id="ASMA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99mtctricarb" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK100584/table/ASMA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99mtctricarb/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ASMA99mTc.T.nc_chemical_name99mtctricarb_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Chemical name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc-Tricarbonyl–labeled aspartic-<i>N</i>-monoacetic acid (ASMA)<br /></td><td rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<span class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK100584/bin/ASMA.jpg" alt="Image ASMA.jpg" /></span>
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</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Abbreviated name:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(ASMA)<br /></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Synonym:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Agent Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compound</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Target Category:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Transporter</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Method of detection:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); gamma planar imaging</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Source of signal / contrast:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><sup>99m</sup>Tc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Activation:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Studies:</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" />
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<i>In vitro</i>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<img alt="Checkbox" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/studies.checkbox.png" /> Rodents
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</div></li></ul>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Structure of ASMA (<a class="bibr" href="#ASMA99mTc.REF.1" rid="ASMA99mTc.REF.1">1</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobASMA99mTcTnctissueorganorfluidgrou"><div id="ASMA99mTc.T.nc_tissue_organ_or_fluidgrou" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK100584/table/ASMA99mTc.T.nc_tissue_organ_or_fluidgrou/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ASMA99mTc.T.nc_tissue_organ_or_fluidgrou_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<b>Tissue, organ, or fluid</b>
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</td><td colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<b>Group A</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<b>Group B</b>
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</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<sup>
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<b>99m</b>
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</sup>
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<b>Tc-<i>rac</i>-ASMA</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<sup>
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<b>99m</b>
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</sup>
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<b>Tc-<span class="small-caps">l</span>-ASMA</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<sup>
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<b>99m</b>
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</sup>
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<b>Tc-<i>rac</i>-ASMA</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<sup>
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<b>99m</b>
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</sup>
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<b>Tc-<span class="small-caps">l</span>-ASMA</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<sup>
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<b>99m</b>
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</sup>
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<b>Tc-<i>rac</i>-ASMA</b>
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</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">
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<b>Time p.i.</b>
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</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">
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<b>10 min</b>
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</td><td colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">
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<b>60 min</b>
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</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Blood</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">5.2 ± 1.7<br />(6.7 ± 1.9)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4.7 ± 0.9<br />(5.1 ± 1.0)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.2 ± 0.0<br />(0.7 ± 0.1)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.3 ± 0.1<br />(0.8 ± 0.1)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">17.9 ± 1.1<br />(16.7 ± 1.3)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Liver</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.5 ± 0.3<br />(3.7 ± 0.6)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">3.7 ± 1.2<br />(2.9 ± 0.3)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.2 ± 0.1<br />(0.7 ± 0.1)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.3 ± 0.0<br />(0.6 ± 0.2)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6.2 ± 0.6<br />(7.9 ± 0.5)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Kidney</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">6.7 ± 1.0<br />(6.5 ± 0.7)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">4.3 ± 2.2<br />(4.0 ± 1.8)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.2 ± 0.1<br />(0.3 ± 0.1)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.7 ± 0.3<br />(0.7 ± 0.3)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.6 ± 0.2<br />(0.5 ± 0.2)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Urine</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">51.3 ± 6.2<br />(48.3 ± 4.9)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">51.1 ± 7.3<br />(50.9 ± 6.0)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">94.4 ± 1.0<br />(89.1 ± 0.9)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">95.1 ± 4.1<br />(88.8 ± 2.7)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>% Urinary </b>
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<sup>
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<b>99m</b>
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</sup>
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<b>Tc/</b>
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<sup>
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<b>131</b>
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</sup>
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<b>I ratio</b>
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</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">106 ± 6</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">100 ± 3</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">106 ± 0</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">107 ± 2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">–</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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