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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Vardenafil" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2017/08/02" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="31644226" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548920/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Vardenafil" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2017/08/02" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548920/" /><meta name="description" content="Vardenafil is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and is used as therapy of erectile dysfunction. Vardenafil has not been associated with serum aminotransferase elevations nor with clinically apparent liver injury." /><meta name="og:title" content="Vardenafil" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Vardenafil is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and is used as therapy of erectile dysfunction. Vardenafil has not been associated with serum aminotransferase elevations nor with clinically apparent liver injury." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548920/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/livertox/Vardenafil/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548920/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="All Drug Records" href="/books/n/livertox/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" alt="Cover of LiverTox" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK548920_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK548920_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>; 2012-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/livertox/">Drug Records</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/livertox/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/livertox/Vandetanib/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/livertox/Varenicline/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548920_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Vardenafil</span></h1><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">August 2, 2017</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Vardenafil.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Vardenafil_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Vardenafil.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Vardenafil is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and is used as therapy of erectile dysfunction. Vardenafil has not been associated with serum aminotransferase elevations nor with clinically apparent liver injury.</p></div><div id="Vardenafil.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Vardenafil (var den' a fil) is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), an intracellular enzyme that mediates the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) inducing smooth muscle relaxation in the corpus cavernosum of the penis and in the pulmonary vasculature where this specific phosphodiesterase is found. Vardenafil is effective in prolonging erection and was approved for use in the United States in 2003. Vardenafil is available in tablets of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg under the brand name of Levitra and as 10 mg oral disintegrating tablets under the brand name of Staxyn. The recommended dose is 10 mg as a single dose as needed one hour before sexual activity. The dose of the standard oral tablet can be increased or decreased based upon effect and tolerance, with a recommended maximum frequency of once daily and maximum dosage of 20 mg. Common side effects include dizziness, headache, flushing, hypotension, rhinitis and dyspepsia. Rare, but potentially serious adverse events include vision and hearing loss, hypotension, cardiovascular events and priapism.</p></div><div id="Vardenafil.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>Despite fairly extensive use, vardenafil has not been associated with clinically apparent cases of liver injury and serum enzyme elevations during therapy are rare. The related PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil and tadalafil have been linked to isolated, rare instances of acute liver injury and jaundice. The latency to onset ranged from a few days to 3 months and the pattern of injury was usually cholestatic. Autoimmune and immunoallergic features were not observed and all cases were self-limited without residual injury or acute liver failure. Whether vardenafil can cause a similar form of acute liver injury is unknown.</p><p><a class="def" href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/def-item/glossary.likelihood-score/">Likelihood score</a>: E* (unproven but suspected rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Vardenafil.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>While vardenafil has not been associated with hepatotoxicity, its potential for causing hypotension and use in patients with cardiac disease may lead to instances of acute ischemic liver injury. Vardenafil, like the other PDE5 inhibitors, is metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 system (CYP 3A4).</p></div><div id="Vardenafil.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>While sildenafil and tadalafil have been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury, vardenafil has not. There is no known cross sensitivity in idiosyncratic adverse effects between vardenafil and the other PDE5 inhibitors currently in use in the United States. However, switching to another PDE5 inhibitor after an episode of clinically apparent liver injury should be done with caution.</p><p>References to vardenafil induced liver injury are provided in the Overview section on PDE5 Inhibitors.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/PDE5Inhibitors/">PDE5 Inhibitors</a></p><p>Other Drugs in the Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/Avanafil/">Avanafil</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Sildenafil/">Sildenafil</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Tadalafil/">Tadalafil</a></p></div></div><div id="Vardenafil.PRODUCT_INFORMATION_PDE5_Inhi"><h2 id="_Vardenafil_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_PDE5_Inhi_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><div id="Vardenafil.BPI" class="box"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Vardenafil – Levitra®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>PDE5 Inhibitors</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=vardenafil" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></div><div id="Vardenafil.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTUR"><h2 id="_Vardenafil_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTUR_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div id="Vardenafil.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548920/table/Vardenafil.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Vardenafil.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Vardenafil.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Vardenafil.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NO</th><th id="hd_h_Vardenafil.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Vardenafil.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Vardenafil.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Vardenafil</td><td headers="hd_h_Vardenafil.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<b>
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135067955" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">224785-90-4</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Vardenafil.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<b>C23-H32-N6-O4-S</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Vardenafil.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK548920/bin/Vardenafil_Structure.jpg" alt="Vardenafil chemical structure" /></div>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK548920</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31644226" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">31644226</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/livertox/">Drug Records</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/livertox/Vandetanib/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/livertox/Varenicline/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Vardenafil. 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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&pubmedfilters=true&term=vardenafil+AND+Human%5BMH%5D+AND+(jaundice/CI+OR+bile+duct+diseases/CI+OR+liver/DE+OR+liver+diseases/CI)+AND+(%221900/1/1%22%5BEDat%5D%3A%222999/12/31%22%5BEDat%5D)" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Recent References on Vardenafil: from PubMed.gov</a>
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<a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=vardenafil" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Trials on Vardenafil: from ClinicalTrials.gov</a>
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</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pcsubstance&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pcsubstance&IdsFromResult=4866980" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubChem Substance</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related PubChem Substances</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/14636086" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Vardenafil: a review of its use in erectile dysfunction.</a><span class="source">[Drugs. 2003]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Vardenafil: a review of its use in erectile dysfunction.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Keating GM, Scott LJ. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Drugs. 2003; 63(23):2673-703. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/14960129" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Spotlight on vardenafil in erectile dysfunction.</a><span class="source">[Drugs Aging. 2004]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Spotlight on vardenafil in erectile dysfunction.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Keating GM, Scott LJ. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Drugs Aging. 2004; 21(2):135-40. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/15102574" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Vardenafil: a novel type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.</a><span class="source">[Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Vardenafil: a novel type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Kendirci M, Bivalacqua TJ, Hellstrom WJ. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004 Apr; 5(4):923-32. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/24112450" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">Vardenafil improves penile erection in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with erectile dysfunction: role of tropomyosin.</a><span class="source">[J Sex Med. 2013]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Vardenafil improves penile erection in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with erectile dysfunction: role of tropomyosin.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Zamorano-León JJ, Olivier C, de Las Heras N, Mateos-Cáceres PJ, Brime Menéndez R, Rodríguez-Sierra P, Martín Palacios N, Manso LS, Modrego J, Segura A, et al. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">J Sex Med. 2013 Dec; 10(12):3110-20. Epub 2013 Sep 24.</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/11890515" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">The phosphodiesterase inhibitory selectivity and the in vitro and in vivo potency of the new PDE5 inhibitor vardenafil.</a><span class="source">[Int J Impot Res. 2001]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">The phosphodiesterase inhibitory selectivity and the in vitro and in vivo potency of the new PDE5 inhibitor vardenafil.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Saenz de Tejada I, Angulo J, Cuevas P, Fernández A, Moncada I, Allona A, Lledó E, Körschen HG, Niewöhner U, Haning H, et al. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Int J Impot Res. 2001 Oct; 13(5):282-90. </em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=31644226" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&uid=31644226" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedarticles_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See all...</a></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" class="HTOn">Turn Off</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')" class="HTOff">Turn On</a></div><ul id="activity"><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8e241a68b6b5afc7c9420">Vardenafil - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Vardenafil - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8e240b15b832ebc181811">Vandetanib - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Vandetanib - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8e23ff4a390645e39f7fc">Vancomycin - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Vancomycin - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8e23ef4a390645e39f5c5">Valsartan - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Valsartan - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8e23dab82281a8044ede6">Valproate - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Valproate - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li></ul><p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p><p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p><p id="turnOn" class="HTOff"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')">Turn recording back on</a></p><a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a></div></div></div>
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