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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Setmelanotide" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2024/07/05" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="39083631" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK605497/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Setmelanotide" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2024/07/05" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK605497/" /><meta name="description" content="Setmelanotide is a melanocortin 4 receptor agonist that is used for chronic weight management for adults and children with rare genetic forms obesity due to gene defects in the melanocortin pathway. Setmelanotide therapy has not been associated serum aminotransferase or bilirubin elevations or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury." /><meta name="og:title" content="Setmelanotide" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Setmelanotide is a melanocortin 4 receptor agonist that is used for chronic weight management for adults and children with rare genetic forms obesity due to gene defects in the melanocortin pathway. Setmelanotide therapy has not been associated serum aminotransferase or bilirubin elevations or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK605497/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/livertox/Setmelanotide/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK605497/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="All Drug Records" href="/books/n/livertox/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" alt="Cover of LiverTox" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK605497_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK605497_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>; 2012-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/livertox/">Drug Records</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/livertox/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/livertox/Sertraline/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/livertox/Sevoflurane/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK605497_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Setmelanotide</span></h1><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">July 5, 2024</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Setmelanotide.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Setmelanotide_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Setmelanotide.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Setmelanotide is a melanocortin 4 receptor agonist that is used for chronic weight management for adults and children with rare genetic forms obesity due to gene defects in the melanocortin pathway. Setmelanotide therapy has not been associated serum aminotransferase or bilirubin elevations or to instances of clinically apparent liver injury.</p></div><div id="Setmelanotide.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Setmelanotide (set” me lan’ oh tide) is an agonist of the melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor used in the management of children 6 years or older and adults with obesity due to genetic abnormalities in the hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin pathway. Setmelanotide is a small peptide analogue of melanocyte stimulating hormone with preference for the melanocortin-4 receptor, which plays a role in regulation of hunger, satiety, and energy expenditure. These genetic forms of obesity are very rare and include pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), and leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiencies. These conditions generally present in infancy or childhood with extreme hyperphagia and severe obesity. In small open label clinical trials in these conditions, setmelanotide led to weight loss in most patients, which was usually accompanied by improvements in metabolic features such as lipid and fasting glucose levels. Setmelanotide was approved in the United States in 2020 as therapy for children and adults with obesity due to suspected deficiency of POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR. Indications were expanded in 2023 to include children and adults with obesity due to Bardet-Biedl syndrome. It is not effective in or indicated for typical (polygenic) obesity. Setmelanotide is available in multiple dose vials of 10 mg in 1 mL. The recommended starting dose in adults is 2 mg injected subcutaneously once daily for 2 weeks with increases (to 3 mg) or decreases (to 1 mg) in dose based upon tolerance and efficacy. For children below the age of 12 years, the starting dose is 1 mg with similar titration after 2 weeks. Common adverse events include injection site reactions, skin hyperpigmentation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, back pain, fatigue, depression, and spontaneous penile erection. Uncommon but potentially severe adverse events include hypersensitivity reactions, disturbances of sexual arousal, depression and suicidal ideation, marked skin pigmentation, and darkening of preexisting skin nevi. Solutions of setmelanotide also contain benzyl alcohol as a preservative which can cause serious and fatal adverse reactions in low birth rate infants.</p></div><div id="Setmelanotide.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>In the small open label clinical trials of setmelanotide for genetic forms of obesity, there were no reports of abnormalities of serum aminotransferase or bilirubin levels. One patient developed cholecystitis, but it was considered unrelated to therapy. Since its approval and clinical use, there have been no published cases of clinically apparent liver injury attributed to setmelanotide therapy, but elevations in serum aminotransferase levels during therapy have been described. Thus, setmelanotide therapy has not been linked to clinically apparent liver injury, but the total clinical experience with its use is limited.</p><p><a class="def" href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/def-item/glossary.likelihood-score/">Likelihood score</a>: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Setmelanotide.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>Setmelanotide is an 8 amino acid cyclic peptide analogue of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone and has preference for the MC4 receptor. Partial engagement of the MC1 receptor may account for its side effects of hyperpigmentation and skin darkening. It is metabolized in many tissues intracellularly by proteases into smaller peptides and amino acids and has no effect on hepatic microsomal enzymes.</p></div><div id="Setmelanotide.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>The product label for setmelanotide does not recommend monitoring of routine liver tests during therapy.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/WeightLossAgents/">Weight Loss Agents</a></p></div></div><div id="Setmelanotide.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Setmelanotide_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Setmelanotide – Imcivree®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Weight Loss Agents</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Setmelanotide" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div><div id="Setmelanotide.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUC"><h2 id="_Setmelanotide_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUC_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div id="Setmelanotide.Tc" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK605497/table/Setmelanotide.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Setmelanotide.Tc_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Setmelanotide.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Setmelanotide.Tc_1_1_1_2" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NUMBER</th><th id="hd_h_Setmelanotide.Tc_1_1_1_3" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Setmelanotide.Tc_1_1_1_4" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Setmelanotide.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Setmelanotide</td><td headers="hd_h_Setmelanotide.Tc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/198434371" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">920014-72-8</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Setmelanotide.Tc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">C49-H68-N18-O9-S2</td><td headers="hd_h_Setmelanotide.Tc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/198434371" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=198434371" alt="image 198434371 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="Setmelanotide.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Setmelanotide_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 05 July 2024</p><p>Abbreviations: (LEPR), leptin receptor; (PCSK1), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1); POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin; ULN, upper limit of normal range.</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Setmelanotide.REF1">FDA. Integrated Review. 2020. <a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/213793Orig1s000MedR.pdf" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.accessdata<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/nda/2020/213793Orig1s000MedR.pdf</a><div><i>(FDA Integrated review of the data on setmelanotide safety and efficacy submitted in support of the application for its approval as therapy of several rare genetic forms of obesity mentions that “Overall, no trends or clinically meaningful changes were observed in clinical laboratory assessments throughout the studies.”).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Setmelanotide.REF.cl_ment.2020.960">Clément
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K, van den Akker
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E, Argente
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J, Bahm
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A, Chung
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WK, Connors
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H, De Waele
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K, et al.; Setmelanotide POMC and LEPR Phase 3 Trial Investigators. Efficacy and safety of setmelanotide, an MC4R agonist, in individuals with severe obesity due to LEPR or POMC deficiency: single-arm, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trials.
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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.
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2020;8:960-970.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33137293" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33137293</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 21 patients with obesity due to POMC deficiency [n=10] or LEPR deficiency [n=11] treated with setmelanotide injections for 12 weeks, followed by an 8 week placebo controlled withdrawal, and then a 32 week open label extension period, most patients lost weight and 80% of POMC vs 45% of LEPR subjects lost more than 10% of body weight, while adverse events included injection site reactions in 100%, hyperpigmentation in 71%, and nausea in 43%, but only one subject discontinued therapy because of an adverse event [eosinophilia], ALT and AST levels tended to improve with the weight loss, and there were no serious hepatic adverse events).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Setmelanotide.REF.haws.2020.2133">Haws
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R, Brady
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S, Davis
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E, Fletty
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K, Yuan
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G, Gordon
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G, Stewart
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M, Yanovski
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J. Effect of setmelanotide, a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist, on obesity in Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
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Diabetes Obes Metab.
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2020;22:2133-2140.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7689750/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7689750</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32627316" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32627316</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 8 adolescents and adults with obesity due to Bardet-Biedl syndrome treated with setmelanotide, weight loss averaged 9% at 3 months and 16% at 12 months, while side effects included injection site reactions, hyperpigmentation, nausea, and vomiting and there were no discontinuations for adverse events; no mention of ALT or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Setmelanotide.REF.markham.2021.397">Markham
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A.
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Setmelanotide: first approval.
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Drugs.
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2021;81:397-403.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33638809" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33638809</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of the chemical structure, mechanism of action, history of development, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety of setmelanotide shortly after its approval as therapy of genetic forms of obesity in the US, discusses the frequency of common side effects, but does not mention ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Setmelanotide.REF5">Setmelanotide (Imcivree) for rare genetic forms of obesity.
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Med Lett Drugs Ther.
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2021;63(1629):e3-e4.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34544109" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34544109</span></a>]<div><i>(Concise review of the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, safety, and costs of setmelanotide shortly after its approval for use in the US, discusses common adverse events; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Setmelanotide.REF.haqq.2022.859">Haqq
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AM, Chung
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WK, Dollfus
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H, Haws
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RM, Martos-Moreno
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GÁ, Poitou
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C, Yanovski
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JA, et al.
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Efficacy and safety of setmelanotide, a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist, in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Alström syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial with an open-label period.
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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.
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2022;10:859-868.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9847480/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9847480</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36356613" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 36356613</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 38 patients with obesity due to Bardet-Biedl or Alström syndrome treated with setmelanotide or placebo subcutaneously once daily for 14 weeks, followed by open label drug for 52 weeks, weight loss occurred with therapy but varied by age and diagnosis, while adverse events occurred in 97% and were severe in 5%, but none were liver related; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Setmelanotide.REF.roth.2024.380">Roth
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CL, Scimia
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C, Shoemaker
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AH, Gottschalk
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M, Miller
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J, Yuan
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G, Malhotra
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S, et al.
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Setmelanotide for the treatment of acquired hypothalamic obesity: a phase 2, open-label, multicentre trial.
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Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.
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2024;12:380-389.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38697184" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 38697184</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 18 patients with acquired hypothalamic obesity treated with setmelanotide for up to one year, the mean weight loss was 15% and adverse events included nausea in 61%, vomiting 33%, hyperpigmentation 33%, diarrhea 22%, and two subjects discontinued therapy because of elevations in serum aminotransferase levels at 4 weeks [recurring after 6 days on re-exposure] and 12 months, specific values and other details not provided).</i></div></div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&pubmedfilters=true&term=Setmelanotide+AND+Human%5BMH%5D+AND+(drug+induced+liver+injury+OR+jaundice/CI+OR+bile+duct+diseases/CI+OR+liver/DE+OR+liver+diseases/CI)+AND+(%221900/1/1%22%5BEDat%5D:%222999/12/31%22%5BEDat%5D)" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Recent References on Setmelanotide: from PubMed.gov</a>
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<a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=Setmelanotide" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Trials on Setmelanotide: from ClinicalTrials.gov</a>
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</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pmc&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pmc_refs&IdsFromResult=5648768" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">PubMed Central citations</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pcsubstance&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pcsubstance&IdsFromResult=5648768" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubChem Substance</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related PubChem Substances</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&IdsFromResult=5648768" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/39526054" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Setmelanotide: A Melanocortin-4 Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Severe Obesity Due to Hypothalamic Dysfunction.</a><span class="source">[touchREV Endocrinol. 2024]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Setmelanotide: A Melanocortin-4 Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Severe Obesity Due to Hypothalamic Dysfunction.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Qamar S, Mallik R, Makaronidis J. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">touchREV Endocrinol. 2024 Oct; 20(2):62-71. Epub 2024 Feb 9.</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/29031731" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">Evaluation of a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist (Setmelanotide) in MC4R deficiency.</a><span class="source">[Mol Metab. 2017]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Evaluation of a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist (Setmelanotide) in MC4R deficiency.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Collet TH, Dubern B, Mokrosinski J, Connors H, Keogh JM, Mendes de Oliveira E, Henning E, Poitou-Bernert C, Oppert JM, Tounian P, et al. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Mol Metab. 2017 Oct; 6(10):1321-1329. Epub 2017 Jul 8.</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/36311304" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Setmelanotide: A Novel Targeted Treatment for Monogenic Obesity.</a><span class="source">[J Pharm Technol. 2022]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Setmelanotide: A Novel Targeted Treatment for Monogenic Obesity.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Pressley H, Cornelio CK, Adams EN. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">J Pharm Technol. 2022 Dec; 38(6):368-373. 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<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
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<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
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