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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="All Drug Records" href="/books/n/livertox/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" alt="Cover of LiverTox" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK548331_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK548331_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>; 2012-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/livertox/">Drug Records</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/livertox/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/livertox/Panitumumab/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/livertox/Pantoprazole/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548331_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Panobinostat</span></h1><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">September 25, 2020</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Panobinostat.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Panobinostat_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Panobinostat.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Panobinostat is an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is approved for use in combination with other agents in refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma. Panobinostat is associated with modest rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury.</p></div><div id="Panobinostat.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Panobinostat (pan" oh bin' oh stat) is an oral small molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylases, thereby preventing removal of acetyl groups from histones. The accumulation of acetyl groups on histones causes cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Malignant cells are particularly sensitive to the effects of inhibition of histone deacetylases. In open label studies in patients with multiple myeloma, panobinostat in combination with bortezomib (a proteasome inhibitor) yielded overall response rates of up to 50% and some responders had long term remissions. A large, controlled trial in patients with advanced, refractory multiple myeloma demonstrated prolongation of progression-free survival by the addition of panobinostat to bortezomib and dexamethasone, but the overall survival was not different at the time of the initial analysis. Nevertheless, panobinostat was given accelerated approval for use in the United States in 2015 to be used in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma. Panobinostat is available in capsules of 10, 15 or 20 mg under the brand name Farydak. The recommended dose regimen is 20 mg three times weekly for two weeks in three week cycles until there is disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Side effects are common and may require dose modification. The most common adverse events are thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, fever, peripheral edema, cough and pruritus. Panobinostat therapy has also been associated with hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hyponatremia and mild increases in serum creatinine. Uncommon, but serious adverse events include severe diarrhea and cardiovascular events such as cardiac ischemia, arrhythmias and EKG changes including prolongation of the QTc interval.</p></div><div id="Panobinostat.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>Most clinical trials of panobinostat have not reported rates of serum enzyme elevations during therapy and it is typically given in combination with other antineoplastic agents that can cause serum <a class="def" href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/def-item/glossary.alanine-aminotransferase-alt-/">ALT</a> and <a class="def" href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/def-item/glossary.aspartate-aminotransferase-ast-/">AST</a> elevations. In the large controlled trial of panobinostat vs placebo in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone, ALT elevations occurred in similar proportion of patients receiving panobinostat (31%) as placebo (38%) and values above 5 times the upper limit of normal were uncommon (1.8% and 1.3%). In addition, there have been no reports of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice associated with panobinostat therapy. Thus, panobinostat appears to have little hepatotoxic potential and liver injury from panobinostat must be quite rare, if it occurs at all.</p><p><a class="def" href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/def-item/glossary.likelihood-score/">Likelihood score</a>: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Panobinostat.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>The reason why panobinostat might cause serum enzyme elevations is not known, but may be a direct toxicity to hepatocytes caused by inhibition of histone deacetylase or other enzyme activities. Panobinostat is extensively metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 system (predominantly CYP 3A4 and 2D6) and drug-drug interactions are likely to occur if it is used with other agents that are inducers, inhibitors or major substrates of these microsomal enzymes.</p></div><div id="Panobinostat.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>Serum enzyme elevations are uncommon during panobinostat therapy and are rarely dose limiting. Nevertheless, regular monitoring of liver tests with each course of therapy is recommended with more frequent monitoring if serum aminotransferase values rise. Panobinostat should be held if <a class="def" href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/def-item/glossary.alanine-aminotransferase-alt-/">ALT</a> or <a class="def" href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/def-item/glossary.aspartate-aminotransferase-ast-/">AST</a> values rise above 5 times the ULN, and elevations of more than 20 times the ULN, or appearance of jaundice or symptoms of liver injury should trigger permanent discontinuation. There is no known cross sensitivity to hepatic injury among the different histone deacetylase inhibitors.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/AntineoplasticAgents/">Antineoplastic Agents</a>, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors</p></div></div><div id="Panobinostat.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Panobinostat_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Panobinostat – Farydak®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Antineoplastic Agents</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Panobinostat" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div><div id="Panobinostat.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCT"><h2 id="_Panobinostat_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCT_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div id="Panobinostat.Tc" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548331/table/Panobinostat.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Panobinostat.Tc_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Panobinostat.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Panobinostat.Tc_1_1_1_2" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NO</th><th id="hd_h_Panobinostat.Tc_1_1_1_3" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Panobinostat.Tc_1_1_1_4" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Panobinostat.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Panobinostat</td><td headers="hd_h_Panobinostat.Tc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135252712" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">404950-80-7</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Panobinostat.Tc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">C21-H23-N3-O2</td><td headers="hd_h_Panobinostat.Tc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135252712" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=135252712" alt="image 135252712 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="Panobinostat.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Panobinostat_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 25 September 2020</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.zimmerman.1999">Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999 before the availability of histone deacetylase inhibitors).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.deleve.2013">DeLeve LD. Cancer chemotherapy. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, p. 549-68.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents does not discuss panobinostat).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.wellstein.2018">Wellstein A, Giaccone G, Atkins MB, Sausville EA. Inhibitors of histone deacetylase. Pathway targeted therapies: monoclonal antibodies, protein kinase inhibitors, and various small molecules. In, Brunton LL Hilal-Dandan R, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, p. 1230.<div><i>(Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.ellis.2008.4500">Ellis L, Pan Y, Smyth GK, George DJ, McCormack C, Williams-Truax R, Mita M, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat induces clinical responses with associated alterations in gene expression profiles in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Cancer Res. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">14</span>:4500–10.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18628465" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18628465</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 10 patients with refractory CTCL given different doses of panobinostat, 6 had a clinical response and the optimal dose was 20 mg [given Monday, Wednesday and Friday], tumor gene expression changing with treatment, often with suppression of genes governing apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune modulation).</i>
|
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.duvic.2013.386">Duvic M, Dummer R, Becker JC, Poulalhon N, Ortiz Romero P, Grazia Bernengo M, Lebbé C, et al. Panobinostat activity in both bexarotene-exposed and -naïve patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: results of a phase II trial. <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Cancer. </span>2013;<span class="ref-vol">49</span>:386–94.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22981498" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22981498</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 139 patients with refractory CTCL treated with panobinostat [20 mg thrice weekly] for an average of 3 months, the overall response rate was 17% and common side effects were thrombocytopenia [47%], diarrhea [42%], fatigue [33%], nausea [32%], anorexia [21%], neutropenia [15%] and creatinine elevation [13%]; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
|
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.ghobrial.2013.1296">Ghobrial IM, Campigotto F, Murphy TJ, Boswell EN, Banwait R, Azab F, Chuma S, et al. Results of a phase 2 trial of the single-agent histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat in patients with relapsed/refractory Waldenström macroglobulinemia. <span><span class="ref-journal">Blood. </span>2013;<span class="ref-vol">121</span>:1296–303.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3578951/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3578951</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23287861" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23287861</span></a>]<div>
|
||
<i>(Among 36 patients with Waldenström macroglobulin treated with panobinostat [25 or 30 mg three times weekly] for an average of 5 months, responses occurred in 17 [47%], but adverse events were frequent including diarrhea in 83%, thrombocytopenia 78%, neutropenia 69%, anemia 60%; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.cassier.2013.909">Cassier PA, Lefranc A, Amela EY, Chevreau C, Bui BN, Lecesne A, Ray-Coquard I, et al. A phase II trial of panobinostat in patients with advanced pretreated soft tissue sarcoma. A study from the French Sarcoma Group. <span><span class="ref-journal">Br J Cancer. </span>2013;<span class="ref-vol">109</span>:909–14.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3749588/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3749588</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23922114" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23922114</span></a>]<div>
|
||
<i>(Among 47 patients with refractory, advanced soft tissue sarcoma treated with panobinostat [40 or 20 mg thrice weekly], the overall response rate was 0% and adverse events were common leading to a lowering of study dose; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.sanmiguel.2013.3696">San-Miguel JF, Richardson PG, Günther A, Sezer O, Siegel D, Bladé J, LeBlanc R, et al. Phase Ib study of panobinostat and bortezomib in relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Oncol. </span>2013;<span class="ref-vol">31</span>:3696–703.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24019544" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24019544</span></a>]<div>
|
||
<i>(Among 47 patients with refractory multiple myeloma treated with the combination of panobinostat and bortezomib in various dose regimens, the overall response rate was 52% and toxicity was common, but manageable; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.sanmiguel.2014.1195">San-Miguel JF, Hungria VT, Yoon SS, Beksac M, Dimopoulos MA, Elghandour A, Jedrzejczak WW, et al. Panobinostat plus bortezomib and dexamethasone versus placebo plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind phase 3 trial. <span><span class="ref-journal">Lancet Oncol. </span>2014;<span class="ref-vol">15</span>:1195–206.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25242045" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25242045</span></a>]<div>
|
||
<i>(Among 768 patients with refractory multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone combined with either panobinostat [20 mg thrice weekly for 2 weeks in 3 week cycles] or placebo with follow up of 6-47 months, progression-free, but not overall survival was longer with panobinostat therapy; adverse events that were more frequent with panobinostat included diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia; rates of serum ALT elevations were similar in the two groups [any: 31% vs 38%, and above 5 times ULN: 1.8% vs 1.3%]).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.slingerland.2014.1089">Slingerland M, Hess D, Clive S, Sharma S, Sandstrom P, Loman N, Porro MG, et al. A phase I, open-label, multicenter study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of oral panobinostat in patients with advanced solid tumors and various degrees of hepatic function. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. </span>2014;<span class="ref-vol">74</span>:1089–98.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25253045" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25253045</span></a>]<div>
|
||
<i>(Pharmacokinetic study of panobinostat in 25 patients with advanced malignancy, found higher peak serum levels in patients with hepatic dysfunction than in those without, but similar rate of adverse events).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.berdeja.2015.670">Berdeja JG, Hart LL, Mace JR, Arrowsmith ER, Essell JH, Owera RS, Hainsworth JD, et al. Phase I/II study of the combination of panobinostat and carfilzomib in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Haematologica. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">100</span>:670–6.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4420216/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4420216</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25710456" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25710456</span></a>]<div>
|
||
<i>(Among 44 patients with advanced, refractory multiple myeloma treated with the combination of panobinostat [30 mg] and carfilzomib [20 or 45 mg/m<sup>2</sup>] in varying regimens, the overall response rate was 67% and adverse events were common, but manageable in most patients; ALT increases above 5 times ULN occurred in only 1 patient [2%]).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.laubach.2015.4767">Laubach JP, Moreau P, San-Miguel JF, Richardson PG. Panobinostat for the treatment of multiple myeloma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Cancer Res. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">21</span>:4767–73.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26362997" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26362997</span></a>]<div>
|
||
<i>(Review of the mechanism of action, pharmacology, clinical efficacy and toxicity of panobinostat as therapy of advanced multiple myeloma, mentions gastrointestinal and hematologic adverse events, but not ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF13">Panobinostat (Farydak) for multiple myeloma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Med Lett Drugs Ther. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">57</span>:e118–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26262884" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26262884</span></a>]<div>
|
||
<i>(Concise summary of the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, safety and costs of panobinostat shortly after it was approved for use in multiple myeloma in the US, mentions that severe side effects include diarrhea, cytopenias, prolongation of the QTc interval and that “hemorrhage, infections and hepatotoxicity have also been reported”).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.chalasani.2015.1340">Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, Lee W, Stolz A, Talwalkar J, Reddy KR, et al. United States Drug Induced Liver Injury Network. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. <span><span class="ref-journal">Gastroenterology. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">148</span>:1340–52.e7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4446235/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4446235</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754159" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25754159</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 899 cases of drug induced liver injury enrolled in a US prospective study between 2004 and 2013, 363 [36%] were attributed to antibiotics, none of which were attributed to panobinostat).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.bringhen.2017.391">Bringhen S, De Wit E, Dimopoulos MA. New agents in multiple myeloma: an examination of safety profiles. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. </span>2017;<span class="ref-vol">17</span>:391–407.e5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28601492" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28601492</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Review of the safety profiles and adverse events of newer drugs for multiple myeloma including the histone deacetylase inhibitors – romidepsin, vorinostat and panobinostat, mentions that ALT elevations above 5 times ULN occur in 8% of patients treated with romidepsin, but no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity with vorinostat or panobinostat).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.borrelli.2020.1078155220941937">Borrelli EP, McGladrigan CG. Differences in safety profiles of newly approved medications for multiple myeloma in real-world settings versus randomized controlled trials. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Oncol Pharm Pract. </span>2020 Jul 19;:1078155220941937. </span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32686617" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32686617</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Analysis of the most common adverse events reported to the FDA since approval of 4 new drugs for multiple myeloma identified the top ten adverse reactions to panobinostat to be diarrhea, death, peripheral neuropathy, fatigue, nausea, peripheral edema, anorexia, constipation, fever, vomiting and cough; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.moskowitz.2017.1306">Moskowitz AJ, Horwitz SM. Targeting histone deacetylases in T-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Leuk Lymphoma. </span>2017;<span class="ref-vol">58</span>:1306–19.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27813438" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27813438</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Extensive review of the mechanism of action, classification, clinical efficacy and safety of histone deacetylase inhibitors in T-cell lymphomas, mentions that panobinostat is an oral hydroxamate that is approved for use in refractory or relapsed cutaneous T cell lymphoma, more common adverse effects of which are fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, dysgeusia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anorexia, weight loss and musculoskeletal pain;, no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Panobinostat.REF.shah.2019.235">Shah RR. Safety and tolerability of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in oncology. <span><span class="ref-journal">Drug Saf. </span>2019;<span class="ref-vol">42</span>:235–45.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30649740" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30649740</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Review of the safety of histone deacetylase inhibitors approved for use in the US mentions that elevations in serum aminotransferase levels have been reported during therapy with romidepsin, panobinostat and belinostat but not with vorinostat, and there have been no reports of clinically apparent hepatotoxicity, except for a single case of hepatic failure arising during a clinical trial of belinostat).</i>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK548331/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK548331/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK548331" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK548331" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Panobinostat. 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Epub 2017 Nov 30.</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26051506" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Panobinostat: a novel pan-deacetylase inhibitor for the treatment of relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.</a><span class="source">[Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2015]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Panobinostat: a novel pan-deacetylase inhibitor for the treatment of relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Richardson PG, Laubach JP, Lonial S, Moreau P, Yoon SS, Hungria VT, Dimopoulos MA, Beksac M, Alsina M, San-Miguel JF. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2015; 15(7):737-48. Epub 2015 Jun 7.</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26494130" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">Panobinostat PK/PD profile in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.</a><span class="source">[Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2016]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Panobinostat PK/PD profile in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Mu S, Kuroda Y, Shibayama H, Hino M, Tajima T, Corrado C, Lin R, Waldron E, Binlich F, Suzuki K. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Feb; 72(2):153-61. Epub 2015 Oct 22.</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/28076695" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Deacetylase inhibitors: an advance in myeloma therapy?</a><span class="source">[Expert Rev Hematol. 2017]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Deacetylase inhibitors: an advance in myeloma therapy?<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Laubach JP, San-Miguel JF, Hungria V, Hou J, Moreau P, Lonial S, Lee JH, Einsele H, Alsina M, Richardson PG. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Expert Rev Hematol. 2017 Mar; 10(3):229-237. Epub 2017 Feb 1.</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/37005144" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">Outcomes with panobinostat in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma patients.</a><span class="source">[Semin Oncol. 2023]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Outcomes with panobinostat in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma patients.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Pan D, Mouhieddine TH, Upadhyay R, Casasanta N, Lee A, Zubizarreta N, Moshier E, Richter J. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Semin Oncol. 2023 Feb-Apr; 50(1-2):40-48. Epub 2023 Mar 24.</em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=31643653" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&uid=31643653" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedarticles_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See all...</a></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" class="HTOn">Turn Off</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')" class="HTOff">Turn On</a></div><ul id="activity"><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8e0ddb15b832ebc10f678">Panobinostat - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Panobinostat - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8e0ddb15b832ebc10f416">Panitumumab - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Panitumumab - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8e0dcf4a390645e32a6c4">Paliperidone - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Paliperidone - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8e0dbb15b832ebc10ea00">Palbociclib - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Palbociclib - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8e0daf4a390645e329955">Pacritinib - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Pacritinib - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li></ul><p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p><p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p><p id="turnOn" class="HTOff"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')">Turn recording back on</a></p><a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a></div></div></div>
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