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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="All Drug Records" href="/books/n/livertox/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" alt="Cover of LiverTox" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK548391_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK548391_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>; 2012-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/livertox/">Drug Records</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/livertox/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/livertox/Hyoscyamine/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/livertox/Ibalizumab/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548391_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Hyssop</span></h1><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">March 30, 2018</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Hyssop.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Hyssop_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Hyssop.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Hyssop is an herb prepared from the leaves and flowers of Hyssopus officinalis and is used for alleviation of symptoms of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections and the common cold. Hyssop is widely used and has not been implicated in causing liver injury.</p></div><div id="Hyssop.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Hyssop is an herb prepared from the aerial parts of the plant Hyssopus officinalis, which is a member of the mint family indigenous to Southern Europe and the Middle East. Hyssop has been used in folk medicine for centuries for stimulation of the circulation and for treatment of a variety of conditions including upper respiratory illness, asthma, cough, sore throat, intestinal infections, gastrointestinal upset, gall bladder disease, poor appetite, urinary tract infections and dysmenorrhea. Hyssop is also used topically in gargles, medicinal baths, and creams for skin irritation, burns and frostbite. Hyssop oil is used in cooking and as a fragrance in soaps and cosmetics. The constituents of hyssop extracts include volatile oils, tannins, bitters, and flavonoids. The volatile oils include pinocamphone, which is mildly toxic but may account for its apparent effect for respiratory symptoms. Hyssop oil is used as a fragrance and should not be taken orally. Hyssop extract is available as capsules and as liquid extracts, and it is taken two to three times daily. Side effects are mild and include gastrointestinal upset, anxiety and tremors. Hyssop may exacerbate seizure disorders, particularly in children when given as oil.</p></div><div id="Hyssop.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>Despite wide scale use, there is no evidence that Hyssop extracts cause liver injury and there have been no published reports of clinically apparent liver injury attributed to hyssop.</p><p><a class="def" href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/def-item/glossary.likelihood-score/">Likelihood score</a>: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/HerbalDietarySuppl/">Herbal and Dietary Supplements</a></p></div></div><div id="Hyssop.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Hyssop_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><div id="Hyssop.BPI" class="box"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Hyssop – Generic</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Herbal and <a class="def" href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/def-item/glossary.dietary-supplements/">Dietary Supplements</a></p></div></div><div id="Hyssop.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTURE"><h2 id="_Hyssop_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTURE_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div id="Hyssop.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548391/table/Hyssop.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Hyssop.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Hyssop.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Hyssop.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NUMBER</th><th id="hd_h_Hyssop.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Hyssop.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Hyssop.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Hyssop</td><td headers="hd_h_Hyssop.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">ID: 0977001630</td><td headers="hd_h_Hyssop.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Herbal mixture</td><td headers="hd_h_Hyssop.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="Hyssop.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Hyssop_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 30 March 2018</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Hyssop.R1">Zimmerman HJ. Unconventional drugs. Miscellaneous drugs and diagnostic chemicals. In, Zimmerman, HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott,1999: pp. 731-4.<div><i>(Expert review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999; hyssop is not discussed).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Hyssop.R2">Seeff L, Stickel F, Navarro VJ. Hepatotoxicity of herbals and dietary supplements. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, pp. 631-58. <em>(Review of hepatotoxicity of herbal and dietary supplements [HDS]</em><em>;</em><div><i>hyssop is not discussed).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Hyssop.R3">Hyssop. In, PDR for Herbal Medicines. 4th ed. Montvale, New Jersey: Thomson Healthcare Inc. 2007: pp. 463.<div><i>(Compilation of short monographs on herbal medications and dietary supplements).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Hyssop.R4">Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. Review article: herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37: 3-17. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23121117" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23121117</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of HDS associated hepatotoxicity; does not mention hyssop).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Hyssop.R5">Navarro VJ, Barnhart H, Bonkovsky HL, Davern T, Fontana RJ, Grant L, Reddy KR, et al. Liver injury from herbals and dietary supplements in the U.S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Hepatology 2014; 60:1399-408. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4293199/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4293199</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25043597" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25043597</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 85 cases of HDS associated liver injury [not due to anabolic steroids] enrolled in a US prospective study between 2004 and 2013, none were attributed to hyssop).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Hyssop.R6">Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, Lee W, Stolz A, Talwalkar J, Reddy KR, et al.; United States Drug Induced Liver Injury Network. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. Gastroenterology 2015; 148: 1340-52. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4446235/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4446235</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754159" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25754159</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 899 cases of drug induced liver injury enrolled in a prospective database between 2004 and 2012, HDS were implicated in 145 [16%], none of which were due to hyssop: see Navarro [2014]).</i></div></div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&pubmedfilters=true&term=(Hyssop/AE)+AND+Human%5BMH%5D+AND+(drug+induced+liver+injury+OR+jaundice/CI+OR+bile+duct+diseases/CI+OR+liver/DE+OR+liver+diseases/CI)+AND+(%221900/1/1%22%5BEDat%5D%3A%222999/12/31%22%5BEDat%5D)" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Recent References on Hyssop: from PubMed.gov</a>
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