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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Heparin" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2017/11/13" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="31643456" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548126/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Heparin" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2017/11/13" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548126/" /><meta name="description" content="Standard or unfractionated heparin is a complex mixture of naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans and is used as an anticoagulant to treat venous thrombosis or to prevent thrombosis in high risk patients. Heparin therapy is associated with frequent elevations in serum aminotransferase levels that are typically transient and not associated with clinical symptoms or significant liver injury." /><meta name="og:title" content="Heparin" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Standard or unfractionated heparin is a complex mixture of naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans and is used as an anticoagulant to treat venous thrombosis or to prevent thrombosis in high risk patients. Heparin therapy is associated with frequent elevations in serum aminotransferase levels that are typically transient and not associated with clinical symptoms or significant liver injury." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548126/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/livertox/Heparin/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548126/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="All Drug Records" href="/books/n/livertox/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" alt="Cover of LiverTox" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK548126_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK548126_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>; 2012-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/livertox/">Drug Records</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/livertox/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/livertox/HematologicGrowthFac/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/livertox/Heparins/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548126_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Heparin</span></h1><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">November 13, 2017</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Heparin.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Heparin_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Heparin.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Standard or unfractionated heparin is a complex mixture of naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans and is used as an anticoagulant to treat venous thrombosis or to prevent thrombosis in high risk patients. Heparin therapy is associated with frequent elevations in serum aminotransferase levels that are typically transient and not associated with clinical symptoms or significant liver injury.</p></div><div id="Heparin.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Heparin (hep' a rin) is a complex mixture of naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans that have potent anticoagulant activity. Heparin has been used to treat or prevent venous thromboses for more than 50 years. Multiple generic forms of heparin are available, usually in ampoules or vials of 1000 to 40,000 units per mL. Heparin is typically given initially as 5000 to 10,000 units intravenously, followed by intravenous or subcutaneous boluses every 4 to 12 hours to keep the activated partial thrombin time in the range of 1.5 to 2 times the control value. Common side effects of standard heparin include dizziness, fatigue, headache, indigestion, nausea, excess bleeding, ecchymoses, rash and urticaria.</p></div><div id="Heparin.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>Heparin has been associated with transient serum aminotransferase elevations in 10% to 60% of patients, but values are usually less than 5 times the upper limit of normal and are rarely associated with symptoms or jaundice. Values above 5 times the upper limit of normal occur in ~2% of those receiving the high doses of heparin. In contrast, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels usually do not change. The aminotransferase elevations are usually asymptomatic, mild and self-limited arising within the first 4 to 8 days of therapy and decreasing thereafter, rarely requiring dose modification or discontinuation. In the rare instances of mild, clinically apparent liver injury attributed to heparin reported in the literature, other possible causes of liver injury were usually present (shock, heart failure, sepsis, other potential hepatotoxins). The serum enzyme elevations generally resolve fully within 4 to 10 days of stopping heparin. Allergic features (rash, fever, eosinophilia) and autoantibodies are generally not present.</p></div><div id="Heparin.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>The cause of the serum aminotransferase elevations during heparin therapy is not known, but it is likely due to a direct hepatotoxic effect on the liver. The elevations may be accompanied by decreases in platelet counts, another know side effect of heparin therapy.</p></div><div id="Heparin.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>The serum aminotransferase elevations that occur on heparin therapy are usually self-limited and do not require dose modification or discontinuation of therapy. No convincing instances of clinically apparent, severe acute liver injury have been linked to heparin therapy in the published literature.</p><p>References to hepatotoxicity of standard heparin and low molecular weight heparins are given at the end of the overview section entitled Heparins.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/Anticoagulants/">Antithrombotic Agents</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Anticoagulants/">Anticoagulants</a></p><p>Other Drugs in the Subclass, Anticoagulants: <a href="/books/n/livertox/Dabigatran/">Dabigatran</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Desirudin/">Desirudin</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Apixaban/">Apixaban</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Edoxaban/">Edoxaban</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Fondaparinux/">Fondaparinux</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Rivaroxaban/">Rivaroxaban</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Heparins/">Heparins</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Warfarin/">Warfarin</a></p><p>Other Drugs in the Subclass, Heparins: <a href="/books/n/livertox/LMW-Heparins/">Dalteparin</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/LMW-Heparins/">Enoxaparin</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/LMW-Heparins/">Tinzaparin</a></p></div></div><div id="Heparin.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Heparin_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><div id="Heparin.BPI" class="box"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Heparin – Generic</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Antithrombotic Agents</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Heparin" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></div><div id="Heparin.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTURE"><h2 id="_Heparin_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTURE_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div id="Heparin.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548126/table/Heparin.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Heparin.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Heparin.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Heparin.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NUMBER</th><th id="hd_h_Heparin.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Heparin.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Heparin.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Heparin</td><td headers="hd_h_Heparin.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135346864" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">9005-49-6</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Heparin.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Unspecified</td><td headers="hd_h_Heparin.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">No Structure</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK548126</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31643456" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">31643456</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/livertox/">Drug Records</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/livertox/HematologicGrowthFac/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/livertox/Heparins/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK548126/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK548126/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK548126" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK548126" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Heparin. [Updated 2017 Nov 13].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK548126/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK548126.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (65K)</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>New and Updated</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22LiverTox%22+AND+pmcbook&sort=date&size=200" ref="pagearea=source-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">In PubMed</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Bulk Download</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/litarch/29/31/" ref="pagearea=source-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Bulk download LiverTox data from FTP</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Overviews</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/intro/">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/ClinicalCourse/">Clinical Course</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/ClinicalOutcome/">Clinical Outcomes</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/ImmuneFeatures/">Immune Features</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/Phenotypes_intro/">Phenotypes</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/Causality/">Causality</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/DrugCategory/">Likelihood Scale</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/Severity/">Severity Grading</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/CaseReport/">Writing a Case Report</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Support Links</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/">LiverTox Homepage</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/masterlistintro/">Master List of LiverTox Drugs [with Metadata]</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/drugliverinjury/">LiverTox Drugs by Drug Class</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/aboutus/">About LiverTox</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/editorsandreviewers/">Editors and Review Committee</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/alert/">Meetings and News</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/abbreviation/">Abbreviations Used</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/resource/">Information Resources</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/disclaimer/">User/Medical Advice Disclaimer</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/livertox/Contactus/">Contact Us</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>OTHER REFERENCE LINKS</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li>
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&pubmedfilters=true&term=(Heparin/AE)+AND+Human%5BMH%5D+AND+(drug+induced+liver+injury+OR+jaundice/CI+OR+bile+duct+diseases/CI+OR+liver/DE+OR+liver+diseases/CI)+AND+(%221900/1/1%22%5BEDat%5D%3A%222999/12/31%22%5BEDat%5D)" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Recent References on Heparin: from PubMed.gov</a>
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<a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=Heparin" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Trials on Heparin: from ClinicalTrials.gov</a>
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</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pcsubstance&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pcsubstance&IdsFromResult=4867140" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubChem Substance</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related PubChem Substances</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/31644079" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Heparins.</a><span class="source">[LiverTox: Clinical and Researc...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Heparins.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. 2012</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/23662321" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Part 1. Initial treatment: usually a low-molecular-weight heparin.</a><span class="source">[Prescrire Int. 2013]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Part 1. Initial treatment: usually a low-molecular-weight heparin.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Prescrire Int. 2013 Apr; 22(137):99-101, 103-4. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/15085462" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin therapy for venous thromboembolism: will unfractionated heparin survive?</a><span class="source">[Semin Thromb Hemost. 2004]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin therapy for venous thromboembolism: will unfractionated heparin survive?<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Hull RD, Pineo GF. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Semin Thromb Hemost. 2004 Feb; 30 Suppl 1:11-23. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/10204652" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin therapy for venous thromboembolism. The twilight of anticoagulant monitoring.</a><span class="source">[Int Angiol. 1998]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin therapy for venous thromboembolism. The twilight of anticoagulant monitoring.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Hull RD, Pineo GF, Stein P. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Int Angiol. 1998 Dec; 17(4):213-24. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/11074747" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">Cost for inpatient care of venous thrombosis: a trial of enoxaparin vs standard heparin.</a><span class="source">[Arch Intern Med. 2000]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Cost for inpatient care of venous thrombosis: a trial of enoxaparin vs standard heparin.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">de Lissovoy G, Yusen RD, Spiro TE, Krupski WC, Champion AH, Sorensen SV. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Arch Intern Med. 2000 Nov 13; 160(20):3160-5. </em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=31643456" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&uid=31643456" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedarticles_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See all...</a></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" class="HTOn">Turn Off</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')" class="HTOff">Turn On</a></div><ul id="activity"><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8dfb5f4a390645e2cd621">Heparin - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Heparin - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8dfb4f4a390645e2cd26b">Hematologic Growth Factors - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Hematologic Growth Factors - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8dfb4b15b832ebc0af94e">Hawthorn - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Hawthorn - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8dfb3f4a390645e2cc8d8">Halothane - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Halothane - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8dfb2b15b832ebc0aed0d">Haloperidol - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Haloperidol - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li></ul><p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p><p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p><p id="turnOn" class="HTOff"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')">Turn recording back on</a></p><a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a></div></div></div>
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