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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Fremanezumab" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2019/04/15" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="31644089" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548782/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Fremanezumab" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2019/04/15" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548782/" /><meta name="description" content="Fremanezumab is a monoclonal antibody to the calcitonin gene related peptide which is used for prevention of migraine in patients with episodic or chronic migraine headaches. Fremanezumab has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy nor has it been implicated in cases of clinically apparent drug induced liver injury with jaundice." /><meta name="og:title" content="Fremanezumab" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Fremanezumab is a monoclonal antibody to the calcitonin gene related peptide which is used for prevention of migraine in patients with episodic or chronic migraine headaches. Fremanezumab has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy nor has it been implicated in cases of clinically apparent drug induced liver injury with jaundice." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548782/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/livertox/Fremanezumab/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548782/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="All Drug Records" href="/books/n/livertox/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" alt="Cover of LiverTox" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK548782_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK548782_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>; 2012-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/livertox/">Drug Records</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/livertox/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/livertox/Fostemsavir/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/livertox/Fulvestrant/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548782_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Fremanezumab</span></h1><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">April 15, 2019</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Fremanezumab.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Fremanezumab_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Fremanezumab.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Fremanezumab is a monoclonal antibody to the calcitonin gene related peptide which is used for prevention of migraine in patients with episodic or chronic migraine headaches. Fremanezumab has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy nor has it been implicated in cases of clinically apparent drug induced liver injury with jaundice.</p></div><div id="Fremanezumab.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Fremanezumab (free" ma nez' ue mab) is a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody to the calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide which plays an important role in migraine headaches. CGRP is a found throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and has potent vasodilator and pain-signaling activities. Circulating levels of CGRP are elevated in patients with migraines, and the efficacy of migraine therapies (serotonin receptor agonists, ergot alkaloids) is associated with lowering of CGRP levels. Fremanezumab is a CGRP antagonist which blocks the binding of the neuropeptide to its receptor and the subsequent downstream activation of the intracellular signaling pathways. Fremanezumab was approved for use in the United States in 2018 as a means of prevention of migraine headaches and was one of three CGRP antagonists approved in 2018 for this indication (the others being erenumab and galcanezumab). Fremanezumab in available in solution in single use prefilled syringes of 225 mg under the brand name Ajovy. The recommended dose is 225 mg subcutaneously once monthly or 675 mg every 3 months. Fremanezumab is not effective as therapy of acute migraine, and it lowers the frequency but typically does not abolish all episodes of chronic migraine headaches. Side effects of fremanezumab are uncommon but can include injection site reactions and hypersensitivity reactions. Fremanezumab has not been associated with significant numbers of severe adverse events, however it has had limited general use and the effects of long term suppression of CGRP signaling are unknown but could theoretically increase the rate of serious cardiovascular or cerebrovascular ischemic events.</p></div><div id="Fremanezumab.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>In large clinical trials, fremanezumab was associated with isolated, rare elevations in serum aminotransferase levels during therapy (<1%), and rates of most adverse reactions were similar to those in patients who received placebo. There have been no published reports of clinically apparent acute liver injury attributed to fremanezumab therapy. Thus, significant liver injury from fremanezumab must be rare if it occurs at all.</p><p><a class="def" href="/books/n/livertox/glossary/def-item/glossary.likelihood-score/">Likelihood score</a>: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Fremanezumab.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>Fremanezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody and is unlikely to be inherently hepatotoxic. While most recombinant proteins are metabolized by the liver, the metabolism leads largely to small peptides and amino acids which may be reused to synthesize proteins and are unlikely to be toxic or immunogenic.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/MigraineHeadacheAgen/">Migraine Headache Agents</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/MonoclonalAntibodies/">Monoclonal Antibodies</a></p></div></div><div id="Fremanezumab.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Fremanezumab_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><div id="Fremanezumab.BPI" class="box"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Fremanezumab – Ajovy®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Migraine Headache Agents</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Ergot+Alkaloids" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></div><div id="Fremanezumab.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCT"><h2 id="_Fremanezumab_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCT_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div id="Fremanezumab.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548782/table/Fremanezumab.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Fremanezumab.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Fremanezumab.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Fremanezumab.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NUMBER</th><th id="hd_h_Fremanezumab.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Fremanezumab.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Fremanezumab.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Fremanezumab</td><td headers="hd_h_Fremanezumab.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/381127904" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">1655501-53-3</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Fremanezumab.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Monoclonal Antibody</td><td headers="hd_h_Fremanezumab.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Not Available</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="Fremanezumab.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Fremanezumab_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 15 April 2019</p><p>Abbreviations: CGRP, calcitonin gene related protein.</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R1">Zimmerman HJ. Drugs used to treat rheumatic and musculospastic disease. In, Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999, pp. 517-54.<div><i>(Expert review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999, well before the availability of most monoclonal antibody therapies).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R2">Reuben A. Hepatotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011, pp. 569-91.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity of monoclonal immunosuppressive agents; "the biological immuno-suppressants are largely free from hepatotoxicity, with the exception of the TNF alpha antagonists"; fremanezumab is not discussed).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R3">
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<a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.accessdata<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/</a>
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<div>
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<i>(FDA Drug Approvals website that has product labels [package inserts], letters of approval and full FDA scientific review of the new drug application for safety and efficacy).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R4">Bigal ME, Dodick DW, Rapoport AM, Silberstein SD, Ma Y, Yang R, Loupe PS, et al. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of TEV-48125 for preventive treatment of high-frequency episodic migraine: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b study. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14: 1081-90. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26432182" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26432182</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 297 patients with episodic migraine treated with injections of fremanezumab [225 mg or 675 mg] or placebo monthly, headache days decreased more with the monoclonal antibody [-6.1 and -6.3 vs -3.5 days per month] and adverse event rates were similar: “liver enzyme concentrations were stable in the treatment phase of the study”).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R5">Silberstein SD, Dodick DW, Bigal ME, Yeung PP, Goadsby PJ, Blankenbiller T, Grozinski-Wolff M, et al. Fremanezumab for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 2113-22. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29171818" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29171818</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 1130 patients with chronic migraine treated with injections of fremanezumab [225 mg monthly or 675 mg every 3 months] or placebo, headache days decreased more with active drug than with placebo [-4.3 and -4.6 vs -2.5 days per month] and adverse event rates were similar, although 10 treated subjects [1.3%] had transient ALT elevations which were above 5 times ULN in 2, but all were without jaundice and resolved without dose adjustment or discontinuation).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R6">Dodick DW, Silberstein SD, Bigal ME, Yeung PP, Goadsby PJ, Blankenbiller T, Grozinski-Wolff M, et al. Effect of fremanezumab compared with placebo for prevention of episodic migraine: a randomized clinical trial JAMA 2018; 319: 1999-2008. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6583237/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6583237</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29800211" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29800211</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 875 adults with episodic migraine treated with fremanezumab [225 mg monthly or 625 mg every 3 months] or placebo, headache days decreased more with active drug [-3.7 and -3.4 vs -2.2 days per month] and adverse event rates were similar except for injection site reactions; while ALT or AST elevations above 3 times ULN occurred in 0.7% and 0.3% on fremanezumab vs 0% on placebo, but none were associated with jaundice or led to early discontinuation).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R7">Edvinsson L. The CGRP pathway in migraine as a viable target for therapies. Headache 2018; 58 Suppl 1: 33-47. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29697153" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29697153</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of the calcitonin gene related peptide [CGRP] and its receptor including their relationship to migraine headaches and development of small molecular inhibitors and monoclonal antibody therapies based upon their inhibition).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R8">Tepper SJ. History and review of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) therapies: from translational research to treatment. Headache 2018; 58 Suppl 3: 238-75. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30242830" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30242830</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of the role of CGRP in pathogenesis of migraine headaches and the development of small molecules and monoclonal antibody antagonists of CGRP actions).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R9">Hoy SM. Fremanezumab: First global approval. Drugs 2018; 78: 1829-34. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6422958/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6422958</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30406901" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30406901</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety of fremanezumab shortly after its approval in the United States; in pooled analyses of 1904 patients, the only adverse reaction occurring more frequently with fremanezumab was injection site reactions [43-45% vs 38%] and ALT elevations above 3 times ULN occurred in less than 1% of fremanezumab treated persons).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R10">Fremanezumab (Ajovy) and galcanezumab (Emgality) for migraine prevention. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2018; 60 (1559): 177-80. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30681655" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30681655</span></a>]<div><i>(Concise review of the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, safety and costs of fremanezumab and galcanezumab shortly after their approval for prevention of migraine; does not mention ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Fremanezumab.R11">Silberstein SD, McAllister P, Ning X, Faulhaber N, Lang N, Yeung P, Schiemann J, et al. Safety and tolerability of fremanezumab for the prevention of migraine: a pooled analysis of phases 2b and 3 clinical trials. Headache 2019 Apr 12. [Epub ahead of print]. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30977520" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30977520</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 2566 patients with migraine enrolled in 4 placebo controlled trials of fremanezumab, states that ALT or AST elevations of at least 3 times ULN "were infrequent" and similar in rates to those treated with placebo [<1% ] and that no patient developed clinically apparent liver injury).</i></div></div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK548782/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK548782/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK548782" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK548782" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Fremanezumab. 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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&pubmedfilters=true&term=Fremanezumab+AND+Human%5BMH%5D+AND+(drug+induced+liver+injury+OR+jaundice/CI+OR+bile+duct+diseases/CI+OR+liver/DE+OR+liver+diseases/CI)+AND+(%221900/1/1%22%5BEDat%5D%3A%222999/12/31%22%5BEDat%5D)" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Recent References on Fremanezumab: from PubMed.gov</a>
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<a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=Fremanezumab" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Trials on Fremanezumab: from ClinicalTrials.gov</a>
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</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pmc&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pmc_refs&IdsFromResult=4855484" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">PubMed Central citations</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pcsubstance&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pcsubstance&IdsFromResult=4855484" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubChem Substance</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related PubChem Substances</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&IdsFromResult=4855484" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/31643409" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Erenumab.</a><span class="source">[LiverTox: Clinical and Researc...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Erenumab.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. 2012</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/34105377" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">PEARL study protocol: a real-world study of fremanezumab effectiveness in patients with chronic or episodic migraine.</a><span class="source">[Pain Manag. 2021]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">PEARL study protocol: a real-world study of fremanezumab effectiveness in patients with chronic or episodic migraine.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Ashina M, Amin FM, Kokturk P, Cohen JM, Konings M, Tassorelli C, Lyras L, Mitsikostas DD. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Pain Manag. 2021 Nov; 11(6):647-654. Epub 2021 Jun 9.</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/31643470" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Galcanezumab.</a><span class="source">[LiverTox: Clinical and Researc...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Galcanezumab.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. 2012</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/31050694" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Fremanezumab for the prevention of chronic and episodic migraine.</a><span class="source">[Drugs Today (Barc). 2019]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Fremanezumab for the prevention of chronic and episodic migraine.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Lionetto L, Cipolla F, Guglielmetti M, Martelletti P. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Drugs Today (Barc). 2019 Apr; 55(4):265-276. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/37254581" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">A head-to-head observational cohort study on the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide for chronic and episodic migraine.</a><span class="source">[Headache. 2023]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">A head-to-head observational cohort study on the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide for chronic and episodic migraine.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Saccà F, Braca S, Sansone M, Miele A, Stornaiuolo A, De Simone R, Russo CV. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Headache. 2023 Jun; 63(6):788-794. Epub 2023 May 31.</em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=31644089" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&uid=31644089" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedarticles_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See all...</a></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" class="HTOn">Turn Off</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')" class="HTOff">Turn On</a></div><ul id="activity"><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8df86a68b6b5afc6f125b">Fremanezumab - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Fremanezumab - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8df85f4a390645e2bf5e8">Fostamatinib - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Fostamatinib - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8df85ab82281a8036daa7">Fostemsavir - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Fostemsavir - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8df84ab82281a8036d56b">Fosphenytoin - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Fosphenytoin - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c8df83f4a390645e2bedb6">Fosnetupitant - LiverTox</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Fosnetupitant - LiverTox<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li></ul><p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p><p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p><p id="turnOn" class="HTOff"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')">Turn recording back on</a></p><a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a></div></div></div>
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<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
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<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
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<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
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