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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-. </p></div></div></div>
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK7267_"><span class="label">Chapter 5</span><span class="title" itemprop="name">Dissertations and Theses</span></h1><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">October 10, 2007</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">August 11, 2015</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><p>
<b>A. Entire Dissertations and Theses</b>
</p>
<ul><li id="A39191" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A39197">Sample Citation and Introduction</a>
</div></li><li id="A39192" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A39201">Citation Rules with Examples</a>
</div></li><li id="A39193" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A39349">Examples</a>
</div></li></ul>
<p>
<b>B. Parts of Dissertations and Theses</b>
</p>
<ul><li id="A39194" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A39373">Sample Citation and Introduction</a>
</div></li><li id="A39195" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A39374">Citation Rules with Examples</a>
</div></li><li id="A39196" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A39431">Examples</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div id="A39197"><h2 id="_A39197_">A. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Entire Dissertations and
Theses</h2><p>The general format for a reference to entire dissertation, including punctuation:</p><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK7267/bin/ch5e1.jpg" alt="Illustration of the general format for a reference to entire&#10;dissertation." /></div><p>The general format for a reference to entire master's thesis, including
punctuation:</p><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK7267/bin/ch5e2.jpg" alt="Illustration of the general format for a reference to entire master's&#10;thesis." /></div><p>
<a href="#A39349">Examples of Citations to Entire Dissertations and
Theses</a>
</p><p>Dissertations and theses are rigorous reports of original research written in support
of academic degrees above the baccalaureate level. Although some countries use the
term "thesis" to refer to material written for a doctorate, the term in this chapter
is reserved for work at the master's level, while "dissertation" is used for the
doctorate.</p><p>Citations to dissertations and theses are similar to the standard book, with the
following important points:</p>
<ul><li id="A39198" class="half_rhythm"><div>With rare exceptions, dissertations have only one author. Most master's
theses also have a single author, but occasionally will have two.</div></li><li id="A39199" class="half_rhythm"><div>The place of publication for a thesis or dissertation is the city where
the university or other institution granting the degree is located. Many
dissertations, particularly those of US universities, do not state the
place of publication. When this occurs, obtain the city name from
another source and place it in square brackets.</div></li><li id="A39200" class="half_rhythm"><div>The publisher is the university or other institution granting the
degree.</div></li></ul>
<p>The chief source for information about a dissertation or thesis is its title page.
The back of the title page, called the verso page, and the cover are additional
sources of authoritative information not found on the title page.</p><p>Continue to <a href="#A39201">Citation Rules with Examples for Entire
Dissertations and Theses</a>.</p><p>Continue to <a href="#A39349">Examples of Citations to Entire
Dissertations and Theses</a>.</p></div><div id="A39201"><h2 id="_A39201_">Citation Rules with Examples for Entire Dissertations and Theses</h2><p>Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R
after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the
name means it is optional.</p><p><a href="#A39202">Author (R)</a> | <a href="#A39224">Title (R)</a> | <a href="#A39239">Content Type
(O)</a> | <a href="#A39251">Type of Medium (R)</a> | <a href="#A39263">Place of Publication (R)</a> | <a href="#A39277">Publisher (R)</a> | <a href="#A39294">Date of Publication (R)</a> | <a href="#A39308">Pagination (O)</a> | <a href="#A39319">Physical Description
(O)</a> | <a href="#A39326">Language (R)</a> | <a href="#A39334">Notes (O)</a></p><div id="A39202"><h3>Author for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)</h3><div id="A39203"><h4>General Rules for Author</h4>
<ul><li id="A39204" class="half_rhythm"><div>List names in the order they appear in the text</div></li><li id="A39205" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author</div></li><li id="A39206" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they
appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author
approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn
<i>or</i> van der Horn; De Wolf
<i>or</i> de Wolf or DeWolf.</div></li><li id="A39207" class="half_rhythm"><div>Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials for a
maximum of two initials following each surname</div></li><li id="A39208" class="half_rhythm"><div>Separate author names from each other by a comma and a space</div></li><li id="A39209" class="half_rhythm"><div>End author information with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39210"><h4>Specific Rules for Author</h4>
<ul><li id="A39211" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39440/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39440">Surnames with hyphens
and other punctuation in them</a>
</div></li><li id="A39212" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39450/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39450">Other surname
rules</a>
</div></li><li id="A39213" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39472/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39472">Given names containing
punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle</a>
</div></li><li id="A39214" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39486/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39486">Degrees, titles, and
honors following a personal name</a>
</div></li><li id="A39215" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39493/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39493">Designations of rank in
a family, such as Jr and III</a>
</div></li><li id="A39216" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39500/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39500">Names in non-roman
alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or
character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese)</a>
</div></li><li id="A39217" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39518/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39518">Options for author
names</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39218"><h4>Examples for Author</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39219" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A39350">Standard
dissertation</a></div></li><li id="A39220" class="half_rhythm"><div>2. <a href="#A39351">Standard master's
thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39221" class="half_rhythm"><div>3. <a href="#A39352">Dissertation or thesis with
optional full name(s) for author</a></div></li><li id="A39222" class="half_rhythm"><div>4. <a href="#A39353">Dissertation or thesis with
more than one author (rare)</a></div></li><li id="A39223" class="half_rhythm"><div>5. <a href="#A39354">Dissertation or thesis with
authors showing designations of rank within the
family</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39224"><h3>Title for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)</h3><div id="A39225"><h4>General Rules for Title</h4>
<ul><li id="A39226" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the title of a dissertation or thesis as it appears in the
original document and in the original language</div></li><li id="A39227" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper
adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms</div></li><li id="A39228" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a
subtitle, unless another form of punctuation (such as a question
mark, period, or an exclamation point) is already present</div></li><li id="A39229" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow non-English titles with a translation whenever possible;
place the translation in square brackets</div></li><li id="A39230" class="half_rhythm"><div>End a title with a period unless a question mark or exclamation
point already ends it or a <a href="#A39239">Content Type</a> or <a href="#A39251">Type of Medium</a> follows it, then end with a space</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39231"><h4>Specific Rules for Title</h4>
<ul><li id="A39232" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39523/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39523">Titles not in
English</a>
</div></li><li id="A39233" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39548/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39548">Titles containing a
Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special
character</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39234"><h4>Examples for Title</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39235" class="half_rhythm"><div>6. <a href="#A39355">Dissertation or thesis with
titles ending in punctuation other than a period</a></div></li><li id="A39236" class="half_rhythm"><div>7. <a href="#A39356">Dissertation or thesis with
titles containing a chemical formula, Greek letter, or other
special characters</a></div></li><li id="A39237" class="half_rhythm"><div>8. <a href="#A39357">Dissertation or thesis with
non-English titles</a></div></li><li id="A39238" class="half_rhythm"><div>9. <a href="#A39358">Dissertation or thesis with
non-English titles, with translation</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39239"><h3>Content Type for a Dissertation or Thesis (optional)</h3><div id="A39240"><h4>General Rules for Content Type</h4>
<ul><li id="A39241" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place [dissertation] or [master's thesis] after the title to
alert the user that the reference is not to a standard book</div></li><li id="A39242" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the bracketed type with a period unless the dissertation
or thesis is in a non-print medium (see <a href="#A39251">Type of Medium</a> below)</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39243"><h4>Specific Rules for Content Type</h4>
<ul><li id="A39244" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39559/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39559">Titles ending in
punctuation other than a period</a>
</div></li><li id="A39245" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39564/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39564">Non-English titles with
translation</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39246"><h4>Examples for Content Type</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39247" class="half_rhythm"><div>6. <a href="#A39355">Dissertation or thesis with
titles ending in punctuation other than a period</a></div></li><li id="A39248" class="half_rhythm"><div>8. <a href="#A39357">Dissertation or thesis with
non-English titles</a></div></li><li id="A39249" class="half_rhythm"><div>9. <a href="#A39358">Dissertation or thesis with
non-English titles, with translation</a></div></li><li id="A39250" class="half_rhythm"><div>10. <a href="#A39359">Dissertation or thesis in a
microform</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39251"><h3>Type of Medium for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)</h3><div id="A39252"><h4>General Rules for Type of Medium</h4>
<ul><li id="A39253" class="half_rhythm"><div>Indicate the specific type of medium (microfiche, ultrafiche,
microfilm, microcard, etc.) following the title and the content
type when a dissertation or thesis is published in a
microform</div></li><li id="A39254" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place the name of the medium inside the square brackets for the
content type, preceded by the word "on". For example:
[dissertation on microfiche].</div></li><li id="A39255" class="half_rhythm"><div>End with a period following the closing bracket</div></li><li id="A39256" class="half_rhythm"><div>Add information about the medium according to the instructions
under <a href="#A39319">Physical
Description</a> below</div></li><li id="A39257" class="half_rhythm"><div>See <a href="/books/n/citmed/A46175/">Chapter 15</a> for
dissertations or theses in audiovisual formats; <a href="/books/n/citmed/A63418/">Chapter18</a> and <a href="/books/n/citmed/A53625/">Chapter 22</a> for
those in electronic formats</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39258"><h4>Specific Rules for Type of Medium</h4>
<ul><li id="A39259" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39569/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39569">Titles ending in
punctuation other than a period</a>
</div></li><li id="A39260" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39574/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39574">Non-English titles with
translation</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39261"><h4>Examples for Type of Medium</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39262" class="half_rhythm"><div>10. <a href="#A39359">Dissertation or thesis in a
microform</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39263"><h3>Place of Publication for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)</h3><div id="A39264"><h4>General Rules for Place of Publication</h4>
<ul><li id="A39265" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place is defined as the city where the university or other
institution granting the degree is located</div></li><li id="A39266" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow US and Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation
for the state or province (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appe/">Appendix E</a>) to avoid confusion when citing lesser
known cities or when cities in different locations have the same
name, such as Palm Springs (CA) and Palm Springs (FL)</div></li><li id="A39267" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow cities in other countries with the name of the country,
either written out or as the two-letter ISO country code (see
<a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/">Appendix D</a>), when
citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations
have the same name, such as London (ON) and London (England)</div></li><li id="A39268" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use the anglicized form for a non-US city, such as Vienna for
Wien</div></li><li id="A39269" class="half_rhythm"><div>End place information with a colon</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39270"><h4>Specific Rules for Place of Publication</h4>
<ul><li id="A39271" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39578/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39578">Non-US cities</a>
</div></li><li id="A39272" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39606/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39606">No place of publication
can be found</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39273"><h4>Examples for Place of Publication</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39274" class="half_rhythm"><div>8. <a href="#A39357">Dissertation or thesis with
non-English titles</a></div></li><li id="A39275" class="half_rhythm"><div>9. <a href="#A39358">Dissertation or thesis with
non-English titles, with translation</a></div></li><li id="A39276" class="half_rhythm"><div>11. <a href="#A39360">Dissertation or thesis with
place of publication not found on title page</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39277"><h3>Publisher for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)</h3><div id="A39278"><h4>General Rules for Publisher</h4>
<ul><li id="A39279" class="half_rhythm"><div>The publisher is the university or other institution granting the
degree</div></li><li id="A39280" class="half_rhythm"><div>Record the name of the institution as it appears in the
publication, using whatever capitalization and punctuation is
found there</div></li><li id="A39281" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate well-known words in institutional names, such as Univ.
for University, if desired</div></li><li id="A39282" class="half_rhythm"><div>When a division or other subsidiary part of an institution
appears in the publication, enter the main institutional name
first. For example: University of Illinois at Chicago, Health
Sciences Center.</div></li><li id="A39283" class="half_rhythm"><div>End publisher information with a semicolon</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39284"><h4>Specific Rules for Publisher</h4>
<ul><li id="A39285" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39612/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39612">Abbreviations in
publisher names</a>
</div></li><li id="A39286" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39622/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39622">Non-English names of
institutions</a>
</div></li><li id="A39287" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39651/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39651">Government agencies and
other national and international bodies as publisher</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39288"><h4>Examples for Publisher</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39289" class="half_rhythm"><div>8. <a href="#A39357">Dissertation or thesis with
non-English titles</a></div></li><li id="A39290" class="half_rhythm"><div>9. <a href="#A39358">Dissertation or thesis with
non-English titles, with translation</a></div></li><li id="A39291" class="half_rhythm"><div>12. <a href="#A39361">Dissertation or thesis
publisher with subsidiary part included</a></div></li><li id="A39292" class="half_rhythm"><div>13. <a href="#A39362">Dissertation or thesis
issued by a governmental body</a></div></li><li id="A39293" class="half_rhythm"><div>14. <a href="#A39363">Dissertation or thesis
issued by other than a university</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39294"><h3>Date of Publication for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)</h3><div id="A39295"><h4>General Rules for Date of Publication</h4>
<ul><li id="A39296" class="half_rhythm"><div>Always give the year of publication, i.e., the year the degree
was granted</div></li><li id="A39297" class="half_rhythm"><div>Convert roman numerals to arabic numbers. For example: MM to
2000.</div></li><li id="A39298" class="half_rhythm"><div>Include the month of publication, if desired, after the year,
such as 2004 May</div></li><li id="A39299" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use English names for months and abbreviate them to the first
three letters, such as Jan</div></li><li id="A39300" class="half_rhythm"><div>End date information with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39301"><h4>Specific Rules for Date of Publication</h4>
<ul><li id="A39302" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39655/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39655">Non-English names for
months</a>
</div></li><li id="A39303" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39662/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39662">Seasons instead of
months</a>
</div></li><li id="A39304" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39670/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39670">Options for date of
publication</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39305"><h4>Examples for Date of Publication</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39306" class="half_rhythm"><div>15. <a href="#A39364">Dissertation or thesis date
with month included</a></div></li><li id="A39307" class="half_rhythm"><div>16. <a href="#A39365">Dissertation or thesis date
with season</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39308"><h3>Pagination for a Dissertation or Thesis (optional)</h3><div id="A39309"><h4>General Rules for Pagination</h4>
<ul><li id="A39310" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide the total number of pages on which the text of the
dissertation or thesis appears</div></li><li id="A39311" class="half_rhythm"><div>Do not count pages for such items as introductory material,
appendixes, and indexes unless they are included in the
pagination of the text</div></li><li id="A39312" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the page total with a space and the letter p</div></li><li id="A39313" class="half_rhythm"><div>For dissertations or theses published in more than one physical
volume, cite the total number of volumes instead of the number
of pages, such as 2 vol</div></li><li id="A39314" class="half_rhythm"><div>End pagination information with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39315"><h4>Specific Rules for Pagination</h4>
<ul><li id="A39316" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39676/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39676">No numbers appear on
the pages</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39317"><h4>Examples for Pagination</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39318" class="half_rhythm"><div>17. <a href="#A39366">Dissertation or thesis
submitted in more than one volume</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39319"><h3>Physical Description for a Dissertation or Thesis (optional)</h3><div id="A39320"><h4>General Rules for Physical Description</h4>
<ul><li id="A39321" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give information on the physical characteristics if a
dissertation or thesis is published in a microform (microfilm,
microfiche, microcard, etc.), such as 3 microfiche: black &#x00026;
white, 2 x 4 in.</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39322"><h4>Specific Rules for Physical Description</h4>
<ul><li id="A39323" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39681/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39681">Language for describing
physical characteristics</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39324"><h4>Examples for Physical Description</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39325" class="half_rhythm"><div>10. <a href="#A39359">Dissertation or thesis in a
microform</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39326"><h3>Language for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)</h3><div id="A39327"><h4>General Rules for Language</h4>
<ul><li id="A39328" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give the language of publication if other than English</div></li><li id="A39329" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize the language name</div></li><li id="A39330" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the language name with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39331"><h4>Examples for Language</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39332" class="half_rhythm"><div>8. <a href="#A39357">Dissertation or thesis with
non-English titles</a></div></li><li id="A39333" class="half_rhythm"><div>9. <a href="#A39358">Dissertation or thesis with
non-English titles, with translation</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39334"><h3>Notes for a Dissertation or Thesis (optional)</h3><div id="A39335"><h4>General Rules for Notes</h4>
<ul><li id="A39336" class="half_rhythm"><div>Notes is a collective term for any type of useful information
given after the citation itself</div></li><li id="A39337" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complete sentences are not required</div></li><li id="A39338" class="half_rhythm"><div>Be brief</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39339"><h4>Specific Rules for Notes</h4>
<ul><li id="A39340" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39698/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39698">Dissertations or theses
accompanied by a videocassette, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.</a>
</div></li><li id="A39341" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39702/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39702">Other types of material
to include in notes</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39342"><h4>Examples for Notes</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39343" class="half_rhythm"><div>18. <a href="#A39367">Dissertation or thesis with
availability statement included</a></div></li><li id="A39344" class="half_rhythm"><div>19. <a href="#A39368">Dissertation or thesis with
location of a library or other holding institution where the
dissertation/thesis may be found</a></div></li><li id="A39345" class="half_rhythm"><div>20. <a href="#A39369">Dissertation or thesis with
note on specific type of degree</a></div></li><li id="A39346" class="half_rhythm"><div>21. <a href="#A39370">Dissertation or thesis with
sponsorship or support note included</a></div></li><li id="A39347" class="half_rhythm"><div>22. <a href="#A39371">Dissertation or thesis
accompanied by a CD-ROM, DVD, or other medium</a></div></li><li id="A39348" class="half_rhythm"><div>23. <a href="#A39372">Dissertation or thesis with
supplemental material on the Internet</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div></div><div id="A39349"><h2 id="_A39349_">Examples of Citations to Entire Dissertations and Theses</h2><div id="A39350"><h3>1. Standard dissertation</h3><p>Jones DL. The role of physical activity on the need for revision total knee
arthroplasty in individuals with osteoarthritis of the knee [dissertation].
[Pittsburgh (PA)]: University of Pittsburgh; 2001. 436 p.</p><p>Liu-Ambrose TY. Studies of fall risk and bone morphology in older women with low
bone mass [dissertation]. [Vancouver (BC)]: University of British Columbia;
2004. 290 p.</p><p>Zhao C. Development of nanoelectrospray and application to protein research and
drug discovery [dissertation]. Buffalo (NY): State University of New York at
Buffalo; 2005. 276 p.</p></div><div id="A39351"><h3>2. Standard master's thesis</h3><p>Roguskie JM. The role of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 1244 pilin
glycan in virulence [master's thesis]. [Pittsburgh (PA)]: Duquesne University;
2005. 111 p.</p><p>Weisbaum LD. Human sexuality of children and adolescents: a comprehensive
training guide for social work professionals [master's thesis]. Long Beach (CA):
California State University, Long Beach; 2005. 101 p.</p></div><div id="A39352"><h3>3. Dissertation or thesis with optional full name(s) for author</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">Baldwin, Karen Brandt.</span> An
exploratory method of data retrieval from the electronic medical record for the
evaluation of quality in healthcare [dissertation]. Chicago: University of
Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center; 2004. 116 p.</p></div><div id="A39353"><h3>4. Dissertation or thesis with more than one author (rare)</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">Kolotylo C, MacDonald JM.</span>
Exploration of the relationships among personal and illness-related factors,
migraine headache pain, the chronic pain experience, coping, depressive
symptomatology, disability, and quality of life in women with migraine headache
[dissertation]. [Milwaukee (WI)]: University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee; 1999. 295
p.</p><p><span class="bk_hlight">Korir J, Karr-Kidwell PJ.</span>
The relationship between self esteem and effective educational leadership: a
literary review, recommendations, and interviews [master's thesis]. [Denton
(TX)]: Texas Woman's University; 2000 May. 98 p.</p></div><div id="A39354"><h3>5. Dissertation or thesis with authors showing designations of rank within
the family</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">Daugherty RH 3rd.</span> Social
work education and public assistance workers in Kentucky 1936-2001
[dissertation]. Louisville (KY): University of Louisville; 2004. 203 p.</p></div><div id="A39355"><h3>6. Dissertation or thesis with titles ending in punctuation other than a
period</h3><p>Boyer CL. <span class="bk_hlight">Do rural Medicare patients have
different post-acute service patterns than their non-rural counterparts?
[dissertation].</span> [Cleveland (OH)]: Case Western Reserve
University; 2004. 131 p.</p></div><div id="A39356"><h3>7. Dissertation or thesis with titles containing a chemical formula, Greek
letter, or other special characters</h3><p>Martin EJ. <span class="bk_hlight">1,1-dichloroethylene</span>-induced mitochondrial aberrations
precede apoptotic and necrotic cell death in murine liver and lung
[dissertation]. Kingston (ON): Queen's University; 2004. 149 p.</p><p>
<i>Greek letters may be written out if special fonts are not
available</i>
</p><p>Goel R. Characterization of <span class="bk_hlight">&#x003b1;-thrombin</span>-induced rapid phase of PI 3-kinase
[dissertation]. St. Louis (MO): Saint Louis University; 2004. 141 p.</p><p>
<i>or</i>
</p><p>Goel R. Characterization of <span class="bk_hlight">alpha-thrombin</span>-induced rapid phase of PI 3-kinase
[dissertation]. St. Louis (MO): Saint Louis University; 2004. 141 p.</p><p>
<i>Superscripts/subscripts may be enclosed within parentheses if fonts are
not available</i>
</p><p>Uddemarri S. Aging affects stretch-induced <span class="bk_hlight">p70<sup>S6k</sup></span> and 4E-BP1
phosphorylation in fast- and slow-twitch muscle [master's thesis]. [Huntington
(WV)]: Marshall University; 2005. 151 p.</p><p>
<i>or</i>
</p><p>Uddemarri S. Aging affects stretch-induced <span class="bk_hlight">p70(S6k)</span> and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation
in fast- and slow-twitch muscle [master's thesis]. [Huntington (WV)]: Marshall
University; 2005. 151 p.</p></div><div id="A39357"><h3>8. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles</h3><p>Montes Alvarez MJ. <span class="bk_hlight">Parametros predictivos
de complicaciones macroangiopaticos en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que
precisa insulinoterapia [dissertation].</span> Cadiz (Spain):
Universidad de Cadiz; 2005. 180 p. <span class="bk_hlight">Spanish.</span></p><p>Cisse A. <span class="bk_hlight">Connaissances et comportements
sexuels des jeunes de 15-29 ans sur les M.T.S. et le SIDA a Bamako [master's
thesis].</span> [Quebec (QC)]: Laval University; 1993. 69 p.
<span class="bk_hlight">French.</span></p></div><div id="A39358"><h3>9. Dissertation or thesis with non-English titles, with translation</h3><p>Montes Alvarez MJ. <span class="bk_hlight">Parametros predictivos
de complicaciones macroangiopaticos en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que
precisa insulinoterapia [Predictive parameters for macroangiopathy
complications in Type 2 diabetes which requires insulin]
[dissertation].</span> Cadiz (Spain): Universidad de Cadiz; 2005.
180 p. <span class="bk_hlight">Spanish.</span></p><p>Cisse A. <span class="bk_hlight">Connaissances et comportements
sexuels des jeunes de 15-29 ans sur les M.T.S. et le SIDA a Bamako [Sexual
knowledge and behavior of young people 15-29 years of age concerning
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and AIDS in Bamako] [master's
thesis].</span> [Quebec (QC)]: Laval University; 1993. 69 p.
<span class="bk_hlight">French.</span></p></div><div id="A39359"><h3>10. Dissertation or thesis in a microform</h3><p>Craft LL. Exercise and clinical depression: examining psychological mechanisms
<span class="bk_hlight">[dissertation on
microfiche].</span> [East Lansing (MI)]: Michigan State University;
2002. 116 p. <span class="bk_hlight">2 microfiche: black &#x00026;
white, negative, 4 x 6 in.</span></p><p>Peppas D. Der Anatom Eduard Jacobshagen (1886-1967) [The anatomist Eduard
Jacobshagen (1886-1967)] <span class="bk_hlight">[dissertation
on microfiche].</span> [Marburg (Germany)]: Marburg University;
2001. 133 p. <span class="bk_hlight">2 microfiche: black &#x00026;
white, negative, 4 x 6 in.</span> German.</p><p>Brill S. Hygieia: health and medicine in Plato's Republic <span class="bk_hlight">[dissertation on microfilm].</span>
[College Park (PA)]: Pennsylvania State University; 2004. 311 p. <span class="bk_hlight">1 reel: black &#x00026; white, negative, 35
mm.</span></p><p>Johnston PG. A survey of nursing school libraries in the city of Philadelphia
<span class="bk_hlight">[master's thesis on
microcard].</span> Philadelphia: Drexel Institute of Technology;
1955. 55 p. <span class="bk_hlight">3 microcards: 3 x 5
in.</span></p></div><div id="A39360"><h3>11. Dissertation or thesis with place of publication not found on title
page</h3><p>Campbell E. Childbearing and choice: views of young Chinese professional women
[dissertation]. <span class="bk_hlight">[Claremont
(CA)]:</span> Claremont Graduate University; 1996. 147 p.</p></div><div id="A39361"><h3>12. Dissertation or thesis publisher with subsidiary part included</h3><p>Metry KJ. NAT polymorphism in breast cancer risk [master's thesis]. Louisville
(KY): <span class="bk_hlight">University of Louisville,
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology;</span> 2004. 71 p.</p><p>Miller LE, Sperry BM. Central American women's experience of prenatal care
[master's thesis]. [Boston (MA)]: <span class="bk_hlight">Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute of Health
Professions;</span> 1992. 66 p.</p></div><div id="A39362"><h3>13. Dissertation or thesis issued by a governmental body</h3><p>Schauppner CE. Some ramifications of compensation limitations in personal
services contracts for direct health care providers [master's thesis]. Monterey
(CA): <span class="bk_hlight">Naval Postgraduate School
(US);</span> 1990. 74 p.</p><p>Kazerouni NN. Family history of breast cancer as a determinant of the risk of
developing endometrial and ovarian cancers: a nationwide cohort study
[dissertation]. [Bethesda (MD)]: <span class="bk_hlight">Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US), Department of
Preventive Medicine and Biometrics;</span> 2002.</p></div><div id="A39363"><h3>14. Dissertation or thesis issued by other than a university</h3><p>Kan H. Does the Medicare principal inpatient diagnostic cost group model
adequately adjust for selection bias? [dissertation]. Santa Monica (CA):
<span class="bk_hlight">RAND Graduate
School;</span> 2002. 101 p.</p></div><div id="A39364"><h3>15. Dissertation or thesis date with month included</h3><p>Korir J, Karr-Kidwell PJ. The relationship between self esteem and effective
educational leadership: a literary review, recommendations, and interviews
[master's thesis]. [Denton (TX)]: Texas Woman's University; <span class="bk_hlight">2000 May.</span> 98 p.</p></div><div id="A39365"><h3>16. Dissertation or thesis date with season</h3><p>Lemov RM. The laboratory imagination: experiments in human and social
engineering. [Berkeley (CA)]: University of California, Berkeley; <span class="bk_hlight">2000 Spring.</span> 2 vol.</p></div><div id="A39366"><h3>17. Dissertation or thesis submitted in more than one volume</h3><p>Hanson CA. Embodying erudition: English art, medicine, &#x00026; antiquarianism in
the age of empiricism [dissertation]. [Chicago]: University of Chicago,
Department of Art History; 2003. <span class="bk_hlight">2
vol.</span></p></div><div id="A39367"><h3>18. Dissertation or thesis with availability statement included</h3><p>Boyer CL. Do rural Medicare patients have different post-acute service patterns
than their non-rural counterparts? [dissertation]. [Cleveland (OH)]: Case
Western Reserve University; 2004. 131 p. <span class="bk_hlight">Available from: UMI, Ann Arbor, MI; AAT 3145345.</span></p><p>Overlock JA. The relationship between balance and fundamental motor skills in
children five to nine years of age [master's thesis]. [Corvallis (OR)]: Oregon
State University; 2004. 111 p. <span class="bk_hlight">Available
from: Kinesiology Publications, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; PSY
2317.</span></p></div><div id="A39368"><h3>19. Dissertation or thesis with location of a library or other holding
institution where the dissertation/thesis may be found</h3><p>Akerstrom B. Adults with autism and mental retardation: a life-span perspective
[dissertation]. Uppsala (Sweden): S. Academiae Upsaliensis; 2001. 156 p.
<span class="bk_hlight">Located at: National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, MD; W1 AC955 v.20 2001.</span></p></div><div id="A39369"><h3>20. Dissertation or thesis with note on specific type of degree</h3><p>Ari AB. Eye injuries on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan: public health
implications [master's thesis]. Anchorage (AK): University of Alaska; 2005. 48
p. <span class="bk_hlight">Master of Public
Health.</span></p><p>Verhovsek EL. Examining stages in curriculum change: implementation of
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) [dissertation]. [Morgantown (WV)]:
West Virginia University; 2003. 197 p. <span class="bk_hlight">Doctor of Education.</span></p></div><div id="A39370"><h3>21. Dissertation or thesis with sponsorship or support note included</h3><p>Kanika K. Labor market implications of employer provided health insurance
[dissertation]. Evanston (IL): Northwestern University; 1997. 204 p.
<span class="bk_hlight">Sponsored by the Agency for Health
Care Policy and Research.</span></p><p>Tuitele BA. The current practices in injury prevention and safety helmet use in
an Air Force medical center [master's thesis]. [Bethesda (MD)]: Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences; 2000. 59 p. <span class="bk_hlight">Supported by the Uniformed Services University of
the Health Sciences, Protocol No. T061AK-01.</span></p></div><div id="A39371"><h3>22. Dissertation or thesis accompanied by a CD-ROM, DVD, or other
medium</h3><p>Lukasik-Sedmak DM. How to develop an interactive MRI brain cross-sectional
anatomy CD-ROM and Web-based educational materials to meet the needs of medical
imaging specialists working in magnetic resonance imaging [dissertation].
[Milwaukee (WI)]: Cardinal Stritch University; 2002. 113 p. <span class="bk_hlight">Accompanied by: 1 CD-ROM.</span></p><p>Morgan JC. VISIO/KINESIS: a mixed media installation and performance [master's
thesis]. Dominguez Hills (CA): California State University, Dominguez Hills;
2001. 47 p. <span class="bk_hlight">Accompanied by: 1
videocassette.</span></p></div><div id="A39372"><h3>23. Dissertation or thesis with supplemental material on the Internet</h3><p>Wyatt TH. Pilot testing Okay with Asthma<sup>(TM)</sup>: a digital story for
psychosocial asthma management [dissertation]. [Charlottesville (VA)]:
University of Virginia; 2003. 109 p. <span class="bk_hlight">Web
site for the program available at: <a href="http://okay-with-asthma.org/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">http://okay-with-asthma.org/</a>.</span></p></div></div><div id="A39373"><h2 id="_A39373_">B. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Parts of Dissertations and
Theses</h2><p>The general format for a reference to a part of a dissertation, including
punctuation:</p><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK7267/bin/ch5e3.jpg" alt="Illustration of the general format for a reference to a part of a&#10;dissertation." /></div><p>The general format for a reference to a part of a master's thesis, including
punctuation:</p><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK7267/bin/ch5e4.jpg" alt="Illustration of the general format for a reference to a part of a master's&#10;thesis." /></div><p>
<a href="#A39431">Examples of Citations to Parts of Dissertations
and Theses</a>
</p><p>Rather than citing a dissertation or thesis as a whole, separately identified
portions of them may be cited. Chapters, sections, tables, charts, graphs,
photographs, appendixes, and the like are considered parts of dissertations/theses
when they are written or compiled by the authors of the dissertation or thesis. In
general, most modern texts have standardized to three types of parts: figures,
tables, and appendixes. However, many other names may be found for parts.</p><p>Because a reference should start with the individual or organization with
responsibility for the intellectual content of the publication, begin a reference to
a part of a dissertation or thesis with the citation to the dissertation or thesis
itself, then follow it with the information about the part. See <a href="/books/n/citmed/A34155/#A34794">Chapter 2C Parts of Books</a> for further details on citing
parts.</p><p>Medical texts frequently contain charts, figures, and other illustrative material
that has been reproduced with permission from other sources. Do not cite these as
parts using the instructions presented here. Consult the original publication and
cite the particular item from there.</p><p>Continue to <a href="#A39374">Citation Rules with Examples for Parts
of Dissertations and Theses</a>.</p><p>Continue to <a href="#A39431">Examples of Citations to Parts of
Dissertations and Theses</a>.</p></div><div id="A39374"><h2 id="_A39374_">Citation Rules with Examples for Parts of Dissertations and Theses</h2><p>Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R
after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the
name means it is optional.</p><p><a href="#A39375">Dissertation or Thesis (R)</a> | <a href="#A39376">Name and Number/Letter (R)</a> | <a href="#A39395">Title (R)</a> | <a href="#A39412">Location (Pagination) (R)</a></p><div id="A39375"><h3>Dissertation or Thesis (required)</h3>
<ul><li id="A63393" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cite the dissertation or thesis according to <a href="#A39197">Chapter 5A Entire Dissertations or
Theses</a></div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39376"><h3>Name and Number/Letter of the Part for a Dissertation or Thesis
(required)</h3><div id="A39377"><h4>General Rules for Name and Number/Letter</h4>
<ul><li id="A39378" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the name of the part, such as Chapter, Table, Figure, or
Appendix</div></li><li id="A39379" class="half_rhythm"><div>Do not abbreviate names. For example, convert Fig. to Figure.</div></li><li id="A39380" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the name with any accompanying number or letter, such as
Chapter 12, Table 2, Figure 3.1, or Appendix A</div></li><li id="A39381" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use arabic numbers only. For example: convert VI or Six to 6.</div></li><li id="A39382" class="half_rhythm"><div>End name and number/letter information with a comma and a
space</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39383"><h4>Specific Rules for Name and Number/Letter</h4>
<ul><li id="A39384" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39713/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39713">Non-English names for
parts</a>
</div></li><li id="A39385" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39739/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39739">No letter or number
follows the name</a>
</div></li><li id="A39386" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39742/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39742">No name appears</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39387"><h4>Examples for Name and Number/Letter</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39388" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A39432">Chapter in a dissertation or
thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39389" class="half_rhythm"><div>2. <a href="#A39433">Table in a dissertation or
thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39390" class="half_rhythm"><div>3. <a href="#A39434">Figure in a dissertation or
thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39391" class="half_rhythm"><div>4. <a href="#A39435">Appendix in a dissertation
or thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39392" class="half_rhythm"><div>5. <a href="#A39436">Other part of a dissertation
or thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39393" class="half_rhythm"><div>6. <a href="#A39437">Other part of a dissertation
or thesis, without name and number/letter</a></div></li><li id="A39394" class="half_rhythm"><div>7. <a href="#A39438">Part of a dissertation or
thesis in a language other than English</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39395"><h3>Title of the Part for a Dissertation or Thesis (required)</h3><div id="A39396"><h4>General Rules for Title</h4>
<ul><li id="A39397" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the title of the part as it appears in the dissertation or
thesis</div></li><li id="A39398" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper
adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms</div></li><li id="A39399" class="half_rhythm"><div>End title information with a semicolon and a space</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39400"><h4>Specific Rules for Title</h4>
<ul><li id="A39401" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39749/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39749">Non-English titles for
parts</a>
</div></li><li id="A39402" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39774/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39774">Titles containing a
Greek letter, chemical formula, or other special
character</a>
</div></li><li id="A39403" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39786/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39786">No title appears</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39404"><h4>Examples for Title</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39405" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A39432">Chapter in a dissertation or
thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39406" class="half_rhythm"><div>2. <a href="#A39433">Table in a dissertation or
thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39407" class="half_rhythm"><div>3. <a href="#A39434">Figure in a dissertation or
thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39408" class="half_rhythm"><div>4. <a href="#A39435">Appendix in a dissertation
or thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39409" class="half_rhythm"><div>5. <a href="#A39436">Other part of a dissertation
or thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39410" class="half_rhythm"><div>6. <a href="#A39437">Other part of a dissertation
or thesis, without name and number/letter</a></div></li><li id="A39411" class="half_rhythm"><div>7. <a href="#A39438">Part of a dissertation or
thesis in a language other than English</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A39412"><h3>Location (Pagination) of the Part for a Dissertation or Thesis
(required)</h3><div id="A39413"><h4>General Rules for Location (Pagination)</h4>
<ul><li id="A39414" class="half_rhythm"><div>Begin location with "p." followed by a space</div></li><li id="A39415" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the page number or numbers on which the part appears.
Examples: p. 438 and p. 663-4.</div></li><li id="A39416" class="half_rhythm"><div>Do not repeat page numbers unless they are followed by a letter.
For example: 126-127 becomes p. 126-7, but p. 126A-127A is
correct.</div></li><li id="A39417" class="half_rhythm"><div>Include a letter (often S for Supplement or A for Appendix) when
it precedes the page number. For example: p. S10-8.</div></li><li id="A39418" class="half_rhythm"><div>End page information with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39419"><h4>Specific Rules for Location (Pagination)</h4>
<ul><li id="A39420" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39791/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39791">Roman numerals for page
numbers</a>
</div></li><li id="A39421" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39796/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39796">Part paginated
separately</a>
</div></li><li id="A39422" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7267/box/A39798/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA39798">No page numbers appear
on the pages of the part</a>
</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A39423"><h4>Examples for Location (Pagination)</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39424" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A39432">Chapter in a dissertation or
thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39425" class="half_rhythm"><div>2. <a href="#A39433">Table in a dissertation or
thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39426" class="half_rhythm"><div>3. <a href="#A39434">Figure in a dissertation or
thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39427" class="half_rhythm"><div>4. <a href="#A39435">Appendix in a dissertation
or thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39428" class="half_rhythm"><div>5. <a href="#A39436">Other part of a dissertation
or thesis</a></div></li><li id="A39429" class="half_rhythm"><div>6. <a href="#A39437">Other part of a dissertation
or thesis, without name and number/letter</a></div></li><li id="A39430" class="half_rhythm"><div>7. <a href="#A39438">Part of a dissertation or
thesis in a language other than English</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div></div><div id="A39431"><h2 id="_A39431_">Examples of Citations to Parts of Dissertations and Theses</h2><div id="A39432"><h3>1. Chapter in a dissertation or thesis</h3><p>Lemov RM. The laboratory imagination: experiments in human and social engineering
[dissertation]. [Berkeley (CA)]: University of California, Berkeley; 2000
Spring. <span class="bk_hlight">Chapter 2, Running the maze:
animal and human experiments; p. 67-130.</span></p><p>Christensen PM. Infant nutrition and child health on Tarawa, Kiribati: a
nutritional anthropological approach [master's thesis]. Sydney (Australia):
University of New South Wales, Centre for South Pacific Studies; 1995.
<span class="bk_hlight">Chapter 3.1, Breastfeeding practices
on Tarawa; p. 46-53.</span></p><p>Hayenga ES. Dieting through the decades: a comparative study of weight reduction
in America as depicted in popular literature and books from 1940 to the late
1980's [dissertation]. [Minneapolis (MN)]: University of Minnesota; 1988.
<span class="bk_hlight">Chapter 3C, Science and health; p.
257-70.</span></p></div><div id="A39433"><h3>2. Table in a dissertation or thesis</h3><p>Cornwell D. A cost benefit of telemedicine: an assessment of aero-medical
evacuation patients throughout the Pacific Basin [master's thesis]. [Waco (TX)]:
Baylor University, US Army-Baylor University Graduate Program; 1995.
<span class="bk_hlight">Table 4, Total air-evacs vs total
potential telemedicine patients; p. 45.</span></p><p>Munoz JA. What is the quality of care in a developing country? Measuring
physician practice and health outcomes [dissertation]. Santa Monica (CA): Rand
Graduate School; 2002. <span class="bk_hlight">Table 4.8, Mean
objective measures of health for healthcare facility users; p.
4-33.</span></p></div><div id="A39434"><h3>3. Figure in a dissertation or thesis</h3><p>Bicks C. Lurking in the gossip's bowl: genealogy, gynecology, and the politics of
midwifery in Shakespeare's England [dissertation]. [Stanford (CA)]: Stanford
University, Department of English; 1997 Jun. <span class="bk_hlight">Figure 9, Syringe for emergency <i>in
utero</i> baptism; p.194.</span></p><p>Roberts PR. Snakes and ladders: the pursuit of a safety culture in New Zealand
public hospitals [master's thesis]. [Wellington (New Zealand)]: Victoria
University of Wellington, Institute of Policy Studies and Health Services
Research Centre; 2002. <span class="bk_hlight">Figure 2.1,
Schema showing relationship of paradigms to human performance and links to
and through culture; p. 13.</span></p><p>Deutsch B. Lifestyle and contaminants in Greenland 1994-1996: evaluation of the
AMAP, Human Health Subprogram [master's thesis]. Aarhus (Denmark): University of
Aarhus; 1999. <span class="bk_hlight">Figure 2, Histograms of
birth weight and gestational age; p. 20.</span></p></div><div id="A39435"><h3>4. Appendix in a dissertation or thesis</h3><p>Grant MM. Under the microscope: "race," gender, and medical laboratory science in
Canada [dissertation]. [Toronto (ON)]: University of Toronto, Ontario Institute
for Studies in Education; 2004. <span class="bk_hlight">Appendix, Survey on the career patterns and professional experiences of
Canadian medical laboratory technologists; p. 285-92.</span></p><p>Kneale C. Health claims: an exploration of the current debate in Australia
[master's thesis]. Sydney (Australia): University of Sydney, Nutrition Research
Foundation; 1996 Oct. <span class="bk_hlight">Appendix 4, Health
claims questionnaire; p. 49.</span></p><p>Munoz JA. What is the quality of care in a developing country? Measuring
physician practice and health outcomes [dissertation]. Santa Monica (CA): Rand
Graduate School; 2002. <span class="bk_hlight">Appendix 1,
Background on problems of less developed countries; p.
A1-8.</span></p></div><div id="A39436"><h3>5. Other part of a dissertation or thesis</h3><p>Powers JC. Herman Boerhaave and the pedagogical reform of eighteenth-century
chemistry [dissertation]. [Bloomington (IN)]: Indiana University, Department of
History and Philosophy of Science; 2001 May. <span class="bk_hlight">Epilogue, Boerhaave's legacy; p.
296-301.</span></p><p>Mackowski MP. Human factors: aerospace medicine and the origins of manned space
flight in the United States [dissertation]. [Tempe (AZ)]: Arizona State
University; 2002 May. <span class="bk_hlight">Part 2, Space
medicine; p. 188-377.</span></p></div><div id="A39437"><h3>6. Other part of a dissertation or thesis, without name and
number/letter</h3><p>Kairo JG. A review of the ecology and restoration of mangroves systems
[dissertation]. Brussels (Belgium): Vrije University; 2001. <span class="bk_hlight">Ecology and restoration of mangrove systems in
Kenya; p. 2-15.</span></p><p>Kneale C. Health claims: an exploration of the current debate in Australia
[master's thesis]. Sydney (Australia): University of Sydney, Nutrition Research
Foundation; 1996 Oct. <span class="bk_hlight">Summary
recommendations; p. 44.</span></p><p>Stewart EP. Who shall decide when doctors disagree? Hoaxes and American men of
science in the nineteenth century [dissertation]. Washington: American
University, Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences; 2003. <span class="bk_hlight">"Doctor" Dionysius Lardner; p.
132-48.</span></p><p>Mackowski MP. Human factors: aerospace medicine and the origins of manned space
flight in the United States [dissertation]. [Tempe (AZ)]: Arizona State
University; 2002 May. <span class="bk_hlight">[Map], Germany
1946: showing Allied zones of occupation; p. 188.</span></p></div><div id="A39438"><h3>7. Part of a dissertation or thesis in a language other than English</h3><p>Tamayo Lorenzo PA. Descentralizacion y financiacion de la asistencia sanitaria
publica en Espana: un estudio desde la perspectiva de la equidad [dissertation].
Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia; 1999. <span class="bk_hlight">Tabla 5.11, Resumen de los resultados de los
estudios evaluados, en terminos de necesidad para cada comunidad autonoma;
p. 238. Spanish.</span></p><p>
<i>with translation</i>
</p><p>Tamayo Lorenzo PA. Descentralizacion y financiacion de la asistencia sanitaria
publica en Espana: un estudio desde la perspectiva de la equidad <span class="bk_hlight">[Decentralization and financing of public health
assistance in Spain: a study from the perspective of
equality]</span> [dissertation]. Madrid: Universidad Nacional de
Educacion a Distancia; 1999. Tabla 5.11, Resumen de los resultados de los
estudios evaluados, en terminos de necesidad para cada comunidad autonoma
<span class="bk_hlight">[Table 5.11, Summary of the results
of the evaluated studies, in terms of need for each independent community];
p. 238. Spanish.</span></p></div></div><div class="bk_prnt_sctn"><h2>Boxes</h2><div><div id="A39440" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 1</span><span class="title">Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39441" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep hyphens in surnames<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39442" class="half_rhythm"><div>Estelle
Palmer-Canton&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Palmer-Canton
E</div></li><li id="A39443" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ahmed
El-Assmy&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;El-Assmy
A</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39444" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep particles, such as O', D', and L'<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39445" class="half_rhythm"><div>Alan D.
O'Brien&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O'Brien
AD</div></li><li id="A39446" class="half_rhythm"><div>James
O.
L'Esperance&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L'Esperance
JO</div></li><li id="A39447" class="half_rhythm"><div>U.
S'adeh&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;S'adeh
U</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39448" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit all other punctuation in surnames<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39449" class="half_rhythm"><div>Charles A.
St.
James&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;St
James CA</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39450" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 2</span><span class="title">Other surname rules</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39451" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep prefixes in surnames<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39452" class="half_rhythm"><div>Lama Al
Bassit&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Al
Bassit L</div></li><li id="A39453" class="half_rhythm"><div>Jiddeke M. van de
Kamp&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;van
de Kamp JM</div></li><li id="A39454" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gerard de
Pouvourville&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;de
Pouvourville G</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39455" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A39456" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39457" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A39458" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A39459" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A39460" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A39461" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A39462" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A39463" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A39464" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39465" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39466" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A39467" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39468" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep compound surnames even if no hyphen appears<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39469" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sergio
Lopez
Moreno&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Lopez
Moreno S</div></li><li id="A39470" class="half_rhythm"><div>Jaime Mier y
Teran&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Mier
y Teran J</div></li><li id="A39471" class="half_rhythm"><div>Virginie Halley des
Fontaines&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Halley
des Fontaines V</div></li></ul></div><div>[If you cannot determine from the title page whether a
surname is compound or a combination of a middle name and a
surname, look elsewhere in the text for clarification. For
example, Elizabeth Scott Parker may be interpreted to be
Parker ES or Scott Parker E.]</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39472" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 3</span><span class="title">Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or
particle</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39473" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disregard hyphens joining given (first or middle) names<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39474" class="half_rhythm"><div>Jean-Louis
Lagrot&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Lagrot
JL</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39475" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use only the first letter of given names and middle names if
they contain a prefix, a preposition, or another
particle<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39476" class="half_rhythm"><div>D'Arcy
Hart&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Hart
D</div></li><li id="A39477" class="half_rhythm"><div>W. St.
John
Patterson&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Patterson
WS</div></li><li id="A39478" class="half_rhythm"><div>De la
Broquerie
Fortier&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Fortier
D</div></li><li id="A39479" class="half_rhythm"><div>Craig
McC.
Brooks&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Brooks
CM</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39480" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disregard traditional abbreviations of given names. Some
non-US publications use abbreviations of conventional given
names rather than single initials, such as St. for Stefan.
Use only the first letter of the abbreviation.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39481" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ch.
Wunderly&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Wunderly
C</div></li><li id="A39482" class="half_rhythm"><div>C. Fr.
Erdman&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Erdman
CF</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39483" class="half_rhythm"><div>For non-English names that are romanized (written in the
roman alphabet), capitalize only the first letter if the
original initial is represented by more than one letter<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39484" class="half_rhythm"><div>Iu. A.
Iakontov&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Iakontov
IuA</div></li><li id="A39485" class="half_rhythm"><div>G.
Th.
Tsakalos&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Tsakalos
GTh</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39486" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 4</span><span class="title">Degrees, titles, and honors following a personal name</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39487" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit degrees, titles, and honors such as M.D. following a
personal name<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39488" class="half_rhythm"><div>James A. Reed, M.D.,
F.R.C.S.&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Reed
JA</div></li><li id="A39489" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kristine Schmidt,
M.S.&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Schmidt
K</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39490" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit rank and honors such as Colonel or Sir that precede a
name<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39491" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sir Frances
Hildebrand&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Hildebrand
F</div></li><li id="A39492" class="half_rhythm"><div>Captain
Rachel C.
Williams&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Williams
RC</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39493" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 5</span><span class="title">Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39494" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place family designations of rank after the initials, without
punctuation</div></li><li id="A39495" class="half_rhythm"><div>Convert roman numerals to arabic ordinals<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39496" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vincent T.
DeVita,
Jr.&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;DeVita
VT Jr</div></li><li id="A39497" class="half_rhythm"><div>James G. Jones
II&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Jones
JG 2nd</div></li><li id="A39498" class="half_rhythm"><div>John A. Adams
III&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Adams
JA 3rd</div></li><li id="A39499" class="half_rhythm"><div>Henry B. Cooper
IV&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Cooper
HB 4th</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39500" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 6</span><span class="title">Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew,
Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese)</span></h3><p>Romanization, a form of transliteration, means using the roman (Latin)
alphabet to represent the letters or characters of another alphabet. A
good authority for romanization is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC
Romanization Tables</a></i>.</p>
<ul><li id="A39501" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize names in Cyrillic (Russian, Bulgarian, etc.), Greek,
Arabic, Hebrew, Korean, or character-based languages, such as
Chinese and Japanese</div></li><li id="A39502" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize only the first letter of romanized names if the
original initial is represented by more than one letter<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39503" class="half_rhythm"><div>Iu. A.
Iakontov&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Iakontov
IuA</div></li><li id="A39504" class="half_rhythm"><div>G.
Th.
Tsakalos&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Tsakalos
GTh</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39505" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A39506" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39507" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A39508" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A39509" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A39510" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A39511" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A39512" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A39513" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A39514" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39515" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39516" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A39517" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39518" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 7</span><span class="title">Options for author names</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39519" class="half_rhythm"><div>Full first names of authors may be given. Separate the
surname from the given name or initials by a comma; follow
initials with a period; separate successive names by a
semicolon. <ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39520" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clark, John D.</div></li><li id="A39521" class="half_rhythm"><div>Takagi, Yasushi; Harada,
Jun.</div></li><li id="A39522" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mann,
Frederick D.; Swartz, Mary
N.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39523" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 8</span><span class="title">Titles not in English</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39524" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide the title in the original language for non-English
language titles in the roman alphabet (primarily European
languages, such as French, German, Spanish, Italian,
Swedish, etc.)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39525" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cisse A. Connaissances et
comportements sexuels des jeunes de 15-29 ans sur
les M.T.S. et le SIDA a Bamako [master's thesis].
[Quebec (QC)]: Laval University; 1993. 69 p.
French.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39526" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) titles in Cyrillic,
Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean. A good authority for romanization
is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC Romanization
Tables</a></i>.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39527" class="half_rhythm"><div>al-Bab HD. Hasiyat
al-muthah [dissertation]. [Damascus (Syria)]:
Damascus University; 1966. 35 p.
Arabic.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39528" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize or translate titles in character-based languages
(Chinese, Japanese). Place translated titles in square
brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Feng J. Gong gong jian kang wei ji yu WTO zhi shi chan quan zhi du de gai ge: yi TRIPs xie yi wei zhong xin [dissertation]. [Wuchang (China)]: Wuhan University; 2005. 251 p. Chinese.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><i>or</i></div></li><li id="A39531" class="half_rhythm"><div>Feng J. [Public health crisis and the reformation of intellectual property rights regime in the framework of WTO: focus on TRIPs agreement] [dissertation]. [Wuchang (China)]: Wuhan University; 2005. 251 p. Chinese.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39532" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in titles.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A39533" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39534" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A39535" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A39536" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A39537" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A39538" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A39539" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A39540" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A39541" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39542" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39543" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A39544" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39545" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide an English translation after the original language
title if possible; place translations in square
brackets<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39546" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cisse A. Connaissances et comportements
sexuels des jeunes de 15-29 ans sur les M.T.S. et
le SIDA a Bamako [Sexual knowledge and behavior of
young people 15-29 years of age concerning
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and AIDS in
Bamako] [master's thesis]. [Quebec (QC)]: Laval
University; 1993. 69 p.
French.</div></li><li id="A39547" class="half_rhythm"><div>al-Bab HD. Hasiyat al-muthah [Prostatic
calculi] [dissertation]. [Damascus (Syria)]:
Damascus University; 1966. 35 p.
Arabic.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39548" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 9</span><span class="title">Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another
special character</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39549" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize the first word of a title unless the title begins
with a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special
character that might lose its meaning if capitalized<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39550" class="half_rhythm"><div>Martin EJ.
1,1-dichloroethylene-induced mitochondrial
aberrations precede apoptotic and necrotic cell
death in murine liver and lung [dissertation].
Kingston (ON): Queen's University; 2004. 149
p.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39551" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title contains a Greek letter or some other symbol that
cannot be reproduced with the type fonts available,
substitute the name for the symbol. For example, &#x003a9;
becomes omega.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39552" class="half_rhythm"><div>Goel R. Characterization of
&#x003b1;-thrombin-induced rapid phase of PI
3-kinase [dissertation]. St. Louis (MO): Saint
Louis University; 2004. 141
p.</div></li><li id="A39553" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>or</i></div></li><li id="A39554" class="half_rhythm"><div>Goel R. Characterization of
alpha-thrombin-induced rapid phase of PI 3-kinase
[dissertation]. St. Louis (MO): Saint Louis
University; 2004. 141
p.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39555" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title contains superscripts or subscripts that cannot be
reproduced with the type fonts available, place the
superscript or subscript in parentheses<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39556" class="half_rhythm"><div>Uddemarri
S. Aging affects stretch-induced p70<sup>S6k</sup>
and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in fast- and
slow-twitch muscle [master's thesis]. [Huntington
(WV)]: Marshall University; 2005. 151
p.</div></li><li id="A39557" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>or</i></div></li><li id="A39558" class="half_rhythm"><div>Uddemarri S. Aging affects
stretch-induced p70(S6k) and 4E-BP1
phosphorylation in fast- and slow-twitch muscle
[master's thesis]. [Huntington (WV)]: Marshall
University; 2005. 151
p.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39559" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 10</span><span class="title">Titles ending in punctuation other than a period</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39560" class="half_rhythm"><div>Most titles for dissertations and theses end in a period.
Place [dissertation] or [master's thesis] inside the
period.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39561" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kennaway JG. Musical pathology in the
nineteenth century: Richard Wagner and
degeneration [dissertation]. Los Angeles:
University of California, Los Angeles; 2004. 317
p.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39562" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title ends in another form of punctuation, keep that
punctuation and follow [dissertation] or [master's thesis]
with a period<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39563" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stewart EP. Who shall decide when doctors
disagree? [dissertation]. [Washington]: American
University; 2003. 368
p.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39564" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 11</span><span class="title">Non-English titles with translation</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39565" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a translation of a title is provided, place it in square
brackets</div></li><li id="A39566" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place [dissertation] or [master's thesis] after the
translated title<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39567" class="half_rhythm"><div>Montes Alvarez MJ. Parametros
predictivos de complicaciones macroangiopaticos en
la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que precisa
insulinoterapia [Predictive parameters for
macroangiopathy complications in Type 2 diabetes
which requires insulin] [dissertation]. Cadiz
(Spain): Universidad de Cadiz; 2005. 180 p.
Spanish.</div></li><li id="A39568" class="half_rhythm"><div>Im D. [A study of the Korean ginseng and
oriental medical clinics: the main drugstaffs of
the ginseng extract and the effect of cancer
treatment] [dissertation]. Soeul (Korea): Golden
State University; 1984. 151 p.
Korean.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39569" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 12</span><span class="title">Titles ending in punctuation other than a period</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39570" class="half_rhythm"><div>Most titles of dissertations end in a period. Place [master's
thesis on microfiche] or [dissertation on microfilm], etc.,
inside the period.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39571" class="half_rhythm"><div>Johnston PG. A survey of nursing
school libraries in the city of Philadelphia
[master's thesis on microcard]. Philadelphia:
Drexel Institute of Technology; 1955. 55 p. 3
microcards: 3 x 5 in.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39572" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title ends in another form of punctuation, keep that
punctuation and follow [master's thesis on microfiche] or
[dissertation on microfilm], etc., with a period<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39573" class="half_rhythm"><div>Boyer CL.
Do rural Medicare patients have different
post-acute service patterns than their non-rural
counterparts? [dissertation on microfilm].
[Cleveland (OH)]: Case Western Reserve University;
2004. 131 p. 1 reel: black &#x00026; white, negative,
35 mm.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39574" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 13</span><span class="title">Non-English titles with translation</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39575" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">If a translation of a title is provided, place the
translation in square brackets</div></li><li id="A39576" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Place [dissertation on microfiche], [master's thesis on
microcard], and similar phrases after the translated
title</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39577" class="half_rhythm"><div>Peppas D. Der Anatom Eduard Jacobshagen
(1886-1967) [The anatomist Eduard Jacobshagen
(1886-1967)] [dissertation on microfiche].
[Marburg (Germany)]: Marburg University; 2001. 133
p. 2 microfiche: negative, 4 x 6 in. German.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39578" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 14</span><span class="title">Non-US cities</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39579" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use the anglicized form of a city name, such as Rome for Roma
and Moscow for Moskva, whenever possible. However, the name
as found on the publication may always be used.</div></li><li id="A39580" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A39581" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39582" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A39583" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A39584" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A39585" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A39586" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A39587" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A39588" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A39589" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39590" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39591" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A39592" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39593" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for
the province, placed in parentheses<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39594" class="half_rhythm"><div>Montreal
(QC):</div></li><li id="A39595" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ottawa (ON):</div></li><li id="A39596" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vancouver
(BC):</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39597" class="half_rhythm"><div>If the city is not well known or might be confused with
another city of the same name, follow the city with the
country name, either written in full or as the two-letter
ISO country code (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/">Appendix D</a>). Place the country name or code in
parentheses. <ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39598" class="half_rhythm"><div>London:</div></li><li id="A39599" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rome:</div></li><li id="A39600" class="half_rhythm"><div>Paris:</div></li><li id="A39601" class="half_rhythm"><div>Madrid:</div></li><li id="A39602" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>but</i></div></li><li id="A39603" class="half_rhythm"><div>Malaga
(Spain):&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>or</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Malaga
(ES):</div></li><li id="A39604" class="half_rhythm"><div>Basel
(Switzerland):&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>or</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Basel
(CH):</div></li><li id="A39605" class="half_rhythm"><div>Oxford
(England):&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>or</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Oxford
(GB):</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A63394" class="half_rhythm"><div>As an option, use the country name or country code after all
cities not in the US or Canada</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39606" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 15</span><span class="title">No place of publication can be found</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39607" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place of publication (the city where the university or other
institution granting the degree is located) is frequently
omitted from the title page of a dissertation or master's
thesis</div></li><li id="A39608" class="half_rhythm"><div>If no place can be found on the publication, use directories
of institutions of higher learning to locate one. For
example, use <a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Education/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Yahoo's
Education Directory</a> and the <i>World of
Learning</i> (London: Europa Publications).
Surround place names obtained from such other sources with
square brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39609" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Washington]: American
University;</div></li><li id="A39610" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Marburg (Germany)]: Marburg
University;</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39611" class="half_rhythm"><div>If no place of publication can be found, use [place
unknown]</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39612" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 16</span><span class="title">Abbreviations in publisher names</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39613" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate commonly used words in names of institutions, if
desired <ul class="simple-list"><li id="A63395" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>Examples:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39614" class="half_rhythm"><div>Acad. for Academy</div></li><li id="A39615" class="half_rhythm"><div>Coll. for
College</div></li><li id="A39616" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dept. for Department</div></li><li id="A39617" class="half_rhythm"><div>Div. for
Division</div></li><li id="A39618" class="half_rhythm"><div>Inst. for Institute or
Institution</div></li><li id="A39619" class="half_rhythm"><div>Univ. for University</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A63396" class="half_rhythm"><div>See <a href="/books/n/citmed/appc/">Appendix C</a> for
more abbreviations of commonly used English
words.</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A39620" class="half_rhythm"><div>Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference in a
list of references, abbreviate the same word in all
references.</div></li><li id="A39621" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow all abbreviated words with a period</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39622" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 17</span><span class="title">Non-English names of institutions</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39623" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give institution names appearing in the roman alphabet
(French, Spanish, Italian, etc.) in their original
language<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39624" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rome: Universita La
Sapienza;</div></li><li id="A39625" class="half_rhythm"><div>Navarra (Spain): Universidad de
Navarra;</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39626" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize names given in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39627" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rousse
(Bulgaria): Rusenski
Universitet;</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39628" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize names or translate names presented in
character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese). Place all
translated publisher names in square brackets unless the
translation is given in the publication.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39629" class="half_rhythm"><div>Akita
(Japan): Akita Daigaku;</div></li><li id="A39630" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>or</i></div></li><li id="A39631" class="half_rhythm"><div>Akita (Japan): [Akita
University];</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39632" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A39633" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39634" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A39635" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A39636" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A39637" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A39638" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A39639" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A39640" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A39641" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39642" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39643" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A39644" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39645" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow a non-English name with a translation, if desired.
Place all translated publisher names in square
brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39646" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rousse (Bulgaria): Rusenski Universitet
[Rousse University];</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39647" class="half_rhythm"><div>If the name of a division of other part of an organization is
included in the publisher information, give the names in
hierarchical order from highest to lowest<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39648" class="half_rhythm"><div>Valencia
(Spain): Universidade de Valencia, Instituto de
Historia de la Ciencia y Documentacion Lopez
Pinero;</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39649" class="half_rhythm"><div>As an option, you may translate all publisher names not in
English. Place all translated publisher names in square
brackets unless the translation is given in the
publication.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39650" class="half_rhythm"><div>Akita (Japan): [Akita
University];</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39651" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 18</span><span class="title">Government agencies and other national and international bodies as
publisher</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39652" class="half_rhythm"><div>When citing publishers that are national bodies such as
government agencies, if a nationality is not part of the
name, place the country's two-letter ISO country code (see
<a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/">Appendix D</a>) in
parentheses after the name <ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39653" class="half_rhythm"><div>Naval Postgraduate School
(US)</div></li><li id="A39654" class="half_rhythm"><div>Royal Institute of Public Health
(GB)</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39655" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 19</span><span class="title">Non-English names for months</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39656" class="half_rhythm"><div>Translate names of months into English</div></li><li id="A39657" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate them using the first three letters</div></li><li id="A39658" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize them</div><div>
<i>For example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39659" class="half_rhythm"><div>mayo = May</div></li><li id="A39660" class="half_rhythm"><div>luty = Feb</div></li><li id="A39661" class="half_rhythm"><div>brezen = Mar</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39662" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 20</span><span class="title">Seasons instead of months</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39663" class="half_rhythm"><div>Translate names of seasons into English</div></li><li id="A39664" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize them</div></li><li id="A39665" class="half_rhythm"><div>Do not abbreviate them</div><div>
<i>For example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39666" class="half_rhythm"><div>balvan = Summer</div></li><li id="A39667" class="half_rhythm"><div>outomno = Fall</div></li><li id="A39668" class="half_rhythm"><div>hiver = Winter</div></li><li id="A39669" class="half_rhythm"><div>pomlad = Spring</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39670" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 20a</span><span class="title">Options for date of publication</span></h3><p>It is not NLM policy, but the following is an acceptable option:</p><p>The date of publication may follow the author names in the list of
references when the name-year system of in-text references is used</p>
<ul><li id="A39671" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Use the year of publication only</div></li><li id="A39672" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Place the year after the last named author, followed by a
period</div></li><li id="A39673" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">End publisher information with a period</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>NLM citation:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39674" class="half_rhythm"><div>Liu-Ambrose TY. Studies of fall risk and bone
morphology in older women with low bone mass
[dissertation]. [Vancouver (BC)]: University of
British Columbia; 2004. 290 p.</div></li></ul>
</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Name-year system of citation:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39675" class="half_rhythm"><div>Liu-Ambrose TY. 2004. Studies of fall risk and
bone morphology in older women with low bone mass
[dissertation]. [Vancouver (BC)]: University of
British Columbia. 290 p.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39676" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 21</span><span class="title">No numbers appear on the pages</span></h3><p>Occasionally, a dissertation or thesis will have no numbers on its pages.
If the entire publication has no page numbers:</p>
<ul><li id="A39677" class="half_rhythm"><div>Count the total number of pages of the text</div></li><li id="A39678" class="half_rhythm"><div>Express the total as leaves, not pages</div></li><li id="A39679" class="half_rhythm"><div>End with a period</div><div>
<i>Example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39680" class="half_rhythm"><div>37 leaves.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39681" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 22</span><span class="title">Language for describing physical characteristics</span></h3><p>If a dissertation or thesis is published on microfiche, microfilm, or
microcards:</p>
<ul><li id="A39682" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Begin with information on the number and type of physical
pieces, followed by a colon and a space<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39683" class="half_rhythm"><div>5
microfiche:</div></li><li id="A39684" class="half_rhythm"><div>3 reels: [of
microfilm]</div></li><li id="A39685" class="half_rhythm"><div>6 microcards:</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39686" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Enter information on the physical characteristics, such as
color and size. Abbreviate common words for measurement,
such as in. for inches. Separate types of information by
commas.</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Typical words used include:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39687" class="half_rhythm"><div>color</div></li><li id="A39688" class="half_rhythm"><div>black &#x00026; white</div></li></ul>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39689" class="half_rhythm"><div>positive</div></li><li id="A39690" class="half_rhythm"><div>negative</div></li></ul>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39691" class="half_rhythm"><div>4 x 6 in. (standard microfiche size)</div></li><li id="A39692" class="half_rhythm"><div>3 x 5 in. (standard microcard size)</div></li><li id="A39693" class="half_rhythm"><div>35 mm. (a standard microfilm size)</div></li><li id="A39694" class="half_rhythm"><div>16 mm. (a standard microfilm size)</div></li></ul>
</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Examples of complete physical description
statements:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39695" class="half_rhythm"><div>3 microfiche: color, positive, 4 x 6 in.</div></li><li id="A39696" class="half_rhythm"><div>5 microcards: black &#x00026; white, 3 x 5 in.</div></li><li id="A39697" class="half_rhythm"><div>1 reel: black&#x00026; white, negative, 35 mm.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39698" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 23</span><span class="title">Dissertations or theses accompanied by a videocassette, CD-ROM, DVD,
etc.</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39699" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a dissertation or thesis has supplemental material
accompanying it in the form of a videocassette, CD-ROM, DVD,
or another medium, begin by citing the dissertation or
theses. Add the phrase "Accompanied by:" followed by a space
and the number and type of medium. <ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39700" class="half_rhythm"><div>Lukasik-Sedmak DM. How to
develop an interactive MRI brain cross-sectional
anatomy CD-ROM and Web-based educational materials
to meet the needs of medical imaging specialists
working in magnetic resonance imaging
[dissertation]. [Milwaukee (WI)]: Cardinal Stritch
University; 2002. 113 p. Accompanied by: 1
CD-ROM.</div></li><li id="A39701" class="half_rhythm"><div>Morgan JC. VISIO/KINESIS: a mixed media
installation and performance [master's thesis].
Dominguez Hills (CA): California State University,
Dominguez Hills; 2001. 47 p. Accompanied by: 1
videocassette.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39702" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 24</span><span class="title">Other types of material to include in notes</span></h3><p>The notes element may be used to provide any information the compiler of
the reference feels is useful to the reader. Begin by citing the
dissertation or thesis, then add the note. Some examples of notes
are:</p>
<ul><li id="A39703" class="half_rhythm"><div>The specific type of degree<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39704" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ari AB. Eye injuries on
the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan: public
health implications [master's thesis]. Anchorage
(AK): University of Alaska; 2005. 48 p. Master of
Public Health.</div></li><li id="A39705" class="half_rhythm"><div>Verhovsek EL. Examining stages in
curriculum change: implementation of Complementary
and Alternative Medicine (CAM) [dissertation].
[Morgantown (WV)]: West Virginia University; 2003.
197 p. Doctor of
Education.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39706" class="half_rhythm"><div>The name of any sponsoring or funding organization<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39707" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kanika K.
Labor market implications of employer provided
health insurance [dissertation]. Evanston (IL):
Northwestern University; 1997. 204 p. Sponsored by
the Agency for Health Care Policy and
Research.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39708" class="half_rhythm"><div>The name of any publicly available source for the
dissertation or thesis, with any accession or other ordering
number<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39709" class="half_rhythm"><div>Boyer CL. Do rural Medicare patients have
different post-acute service patterns than their
non-rural counterparts? [dissertation]. [Cleveland
(OH)]: Case Western Reserve University; 2004. 131
p. Available from: UMI, Ann Arbor, MI; AAT
3145345.</div></li><li id="A39710" class="half_rhythm"><div>Overlock JA. The relationship between balance
and fundamental motor skills in children five to
nine years of age [master's thesis]. [Corvallis
(OR)]: Oregon State University; 2004. 111 p.
Available from: Kinesiology Publications,
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; PSY
2317.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39711" class="half_rhythm"><div>The location of a library or other holding institution where
the dissertation/thesis may be found, with any catalog or
other accession number<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39712" class="half_rhythm"><div>Akerstrom B. Adults with autism and
mental retardation: a life-span perspective
[dissertation]. Uppsala (Sweden): S. Academiae
Upsaliensis; 2001. 156 p. Located at: National
Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; W1 AC955 v.20
2001.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39713" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 25</span><span class="title">Non-English names for parts</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39714" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide the name in the original language for non-English
names in the roman alphabet (primarily European languages,
such as French, German, Spanish, Italian, Swedish,
etc.)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39715" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tabelle 5.3</div></li><li id="A39716" class="half_rhythm"><div>Figura 10a</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39717" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) titles in Cyrillic,
Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean. A good authority for romanization
is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC Romanization
Tables</a></i>.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39718" class="half_rhythm"><div>Risunok
6</div></li><li id="A39719" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parartema
4</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39720" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize or translate titles in character-based languages
(Chinese, Japanese). Place translated titles in square
brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39721" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ichiran-hiyo 3 <i>or</i> [Table 3,
]</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39722" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in titles.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A39723" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat a letter marked with diacritics
or accents as if it were not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39724" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A39725" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A39726" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A39727" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A39728" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A39729" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A39730" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A39731" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39732" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they were two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39733" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A39734" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39735" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide an English translation, if possible, after the
original language title, placed in square brackets<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39736" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anexo,
Creacion de las especialidades medicas [Appendix,
Beginnings of medical specialties]; p. 275-81.
Spanish.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39737" class="half_rhythm"><div>To help identify parts in other languages, see the following
examples:<div id="A39738" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK7267/table/A39738/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__A39738_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Language</th><th id="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Chapter</th><th id="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Table</th><th id="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Figure</th><th id="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Appendix</th><th id="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Section</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">French</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chapitre</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tableau</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Figure</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Appendice</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Section</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">German</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kapitel</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tabelle</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abbildung</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anhang</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sektion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Figur</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Appendix</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abteilung</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zusatz</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Italian</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Capitolo</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tabella</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Figura</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Appendice</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parte</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sezione</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Russian</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glava</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tablitsa</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risunok</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prilozenie</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sekcija</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Otdel</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Otdelenie</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spanish</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Capitulo</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tabla</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Figura</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Apendice</td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seccion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A39738_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parte</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39739" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 26</span><span class="title">No letter or number follows the name</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39740" class="half_rhythm"><div>Occasionally, an author will label a part as simply "Table",
"Figure", "Appendix", or another name without following the
name with any letter or number. In this case, give whatever
name is used for the part and follow it with a comma and the
title. <ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39741" class="half_rhythm"><div>Appendix, Timetable of human prenatal
development 1 to 6 weeks; p.
516-7.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39742" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 27</span><span class="title">No name appears</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39743" class="half_rhythm"><div>If the part being cited is clearly a table, figure, appendix
or similar part but it is not labeled as such, place the
name within square brackets and follow it with any
identifying number or letter<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39744" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Figure], Protein binding
and drug disposition; p.
212.</div></li><li id="A39745" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Photograph] 8, Oliver Wendell Holmes,
Professor of Anatomy and Physiology from 1838 to
1841; p. 31.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39746" class="half_rhythm"><div>If the part being cited is not a table, figure, or appendix
and has no other identifying name such as "section", begin
with the title of the part<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39747" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data and calculations
required for a life table; p.
146.</div></li><li id="A39748" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sialography; p.
1029-30.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39749" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 28</span><span class="title">Non-English titles for parts</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39750" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide the name in the original language for non-English
titles in the roman alphabet (primarily European languages,
such as French, German, Spanish, Italian, Swedish,
etc.)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39751" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tabla 10, Etiologia de la esplenomegalia
secundaria a procesos infecciosos; p. 109.
Spanish.</div></li><li id="A39752" class="half_rhythm"><div>Chapitre 4, Le virage de la jouissance; p.
91-102. French.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39753" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) titles in Cyrillic,
Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean. A good authority for romanization
is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC Romanization
Tables</a></i>.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39754" class="half_rhythm"><div>Risunok 2, Tendentsii
smertnosti i prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni naseleniya
Ukrainy v poslevoennyi period; p. 53.
Russian.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39755" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize or translate titles in character-based languages
(Chinese, Japanese). Place the translation in square
brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39756" class="half_rhythm"><div>10 Shoyo, Anchi eijingu igaku; p. 23-45.
Japanese.</div></li><li id="A39757" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Figure 9, Annual progression of swine
influenza in Seoul]; p. 44.
Korean.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39758" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in titles.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A39759" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat a letter marked with diacritics
or accents as if it were not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39760" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A39761" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A39762" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A39763" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A39764" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A39765" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A39766" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A39767" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39768" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they were two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39769" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A39770" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39771" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide an English translation, if possible, after the
original language title. Place the translation in square
brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39772" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tableau 5, Principaux marqueurs biologiques de
l'etat nutritionnel [Table 5, Principal biological
markers of nutritional state]; p. 33.
French.</div></li><li id="A39773" class="half_rhythm"><div>10
Shoyo, Anchi eijingu igaku [Chapter 10, Anti-aging
medicine]; p. 23-45.
Japanese.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39774" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 29</span><span class="title">Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or other special
character</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39775" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize the first word of the title of a part unless the
title begins with a Greek letter, chemical formula, or
another special character that might lose its meaning if
capitalized<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39776" class="half_rhythm"><div>Figure 10, n-alkenes on capillary
columns with stationary phases of C87 hydrocarbon,
Apiezonl L, CW-20M; p.
374.</div></li><li id="A39777" class="half_rhythm"><div>Table
3.1, von Willebrand's disease incidence in Europe;
p. 63.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39778" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title contains a Greek letter or some other symbol that
cannot be reproduced with the type fonts available,
substitute the name for the symbol. For example, &#x003a9;
becomes omega.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39779" class="half_rhythm"><div>Figure 3, Influence of seed extract
of <i>Syzygium Cumini</i> (Jamun) on
mice exposed to different doses of
&#x003b3;-radiation; p.
566.</div></li><li id="A39780" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>may
become</i></div></li><li id="A39781" class="half_rhythm"><div>Figure 3, Influence of seed extract
of Syzygium Cumini (Jamun) on mice exposed to
different doses of gamma-radiation; p.
566.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39782" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title contains superscripts or subscripts that cannot be
reproduced with the type fonts available, place the
superscript or subscript in parentheses.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39783" class="half_rhythm"><div>Table 4,
Glycoprotein mediated transport of NH<sub>3</sub>
into red blood cells; p.
149.</div></li><li id="A39784" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>may
become</i></div></li><li id="A39785" class="half_rhythm"><div>Table 4, Glycoprotein mediated
transport of NH(3) into red blood cells; p.
149.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39786" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 30</span><span class="title">No title appears</span></h3><p>Occasionally a part does not have a formal title, only a legend
(explanatory text) for the table, figure, appendix, or other part. When
this occurs:</p>
<ul><li id="A39787" class="half_rhythm"><div>Create a title from the first few words of the text. Use
enough words to make the constructed title meaningful.</div></li><li id="A39788" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place the created title within square brackets<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39789" class="half_rhythm"><div>Table,
[Waist-hip ratio ranges and the sample sizes for
women aged 40 to 59]; p.
72.</div></li><li id="A39790" class="half_rhythm"><div>Appendix, [Excerpts from "Prescription Pain
Medications: Frequently Asked Questions and
Answers for Health Care Professionals"]; p.
296-301.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39791" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 31</span><span class="title">Roman numerals for page numbers</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A39792" class="half_rhythm"><div>Contrary to the practice with volume and issue numbers, keep
roman numerals when they are used as page numbers</div></li><li id="A39793" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give roman numerals in upper or lower case, whichever appears
in the publication<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39794" class="half_rhythm"><div>Appendix 2, Common aquatic
invertebrates; p.
XLI-XLII.</div></li><li id="A39795" class="half_rhythm"><div>Table 8, Classification of lung
adenocarcinoma; p. xv.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39796" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 32</span><span class="title">Part paginated separately</span></h3><p>A part such as an appendix or a group of tables may be given its own
pagination and begin anew with page one.</p><p>When this occurs, give the total number of pages of the part you wish to
cite, placed in square brackets, such as [5 p.]</p>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39797" class="half_rhythm"><div>Appendix 3C, Description of model output tables and graphs;
[7 p.].</div></li></ul>
</div></div><div><div id="A39798" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 33</span><span class="title">No page numbers appear on the pages of the part</span></h3><p>Occasionally, a table, figure, appendix, or another part will appear on a
page that is not numbered.</p>
<ul><li id="A39799" class="half_rhythm"><div>If only the part to be cited has no page numbers, identify
the location in relation to numbered pages. For example:
preceding p. 17 or following p. 503. Place such phrases in
square brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39800" class="half_rhythm"><div>Figure 5, Modeling the risk of
in-hospital death following lung resection;
[preceding p. 55].</div></li><li id="A39801" class="half_rhythm"><div>Appendix, Patient questionnaire;
[following p. 174].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A39802" class="half_rhythm"><div>If the entire book has no page numbers or the part cannot be
easily located in relation to numbered pages, give the total
number of pages of the part you wish to cite, placed in
square brackets, such as [5 p.]<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A39803" class="half_rhythm"><div>Table, Checklist of
symptoms; [1 p.].</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
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