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title="Jump to previuos match">&#9664;</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">&#9654;</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK7258_"><span class="label">Chapter 17</span><span class="title" itemprop="name">Prints and Photographs</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK7258_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><p>
<b>A. Individual Prints and Photographs</b>
</p>
<ul><li id="A48390" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A48394">Sample Citation and Introduction</a>
</div></li><li id="A48391" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A48399">Citation Rules with Examples</a>
</div></li><li id="A48393" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A48720">Examples</a>
</div></li></ul>
<p>
<b>B. Collections of Prints and Photographs</b>
</p>
<ul><li id="A63409" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A63411">Sample Citation and Introduction</a>
</div></li><li id="A48392" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A48608">Citation Rules with Examples</a>
</div></li><li id="A63410" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="#A63412">Examples</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div id="A48394"><h2 id="_A48394_">A. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Individual Prints and
Photographs</h2><p>The general format for a reference to a print or photograph, including
punctuation:</p><p>
<b>- author and title provided:</b>
</p><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK7258/bin/ch17e1.jpg" alt="Illustration of the general format for a reference to a print or&#10;photograph author and title provided." /></div><p>
<b>- no author named and title constructed:</b>
</p><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK7258/bin/ch17e2.jpg" alt="Illustration of the general format for a reference to a print or&#10;photograph no author named and title constructed." /></div><p>
<a href="#A48720">Examples of Citations to Individual Prints and
Photographs</a>
</p><p>Prints and photographs usually include portraits, photographs or scenes (of people,
institutions, and places), caricatures, posters, and graphic art (illustrations and
diagrams). A print is a copy of a picture made by any printing process. The print
may be an original drawing, woodcut, etching, engraving, lithograph, or photograph
transferred to the print medium from a plate cut by an artist or engraver.</p><p>Prints and photographs often contain little information to use in constructing a
citation. A formal title may be absent and publishing facts unclear. Therefore,
include in a citation, whenever, possible the name of a library or other public
archive where the item may be found, along with any order or catalog number
available. See <a href="#A48597">Notes</a> below.</p><p>Edition has a different meaning for prints than that used for books and all other
formats. For prints, edition refers to the total number of impressions or copies
made from the original. Thus a print with 50 copies is said to have an edition of
50. Edition is often found at the bottom left or bottom right side of a print,
expressed as a fraction. For example, 10/200 means that this print is the tenth
impression of a total of 200 impressions made. See <a href="#A48507">Edition</a> below.</p><p>This chapter covers citing prints and photographs that are published as separate
entities, not as illustrations in journal articles or books. See <a href="/books/n/citmed/A32352/?report=reader#A32756">Chapter 1B Parts of Journal Articles</a> and
<a href="/books/n/citmed/A34155/?report=reader#A34794">Chapter 2C Parts of Books</a> for
information on citing the latter. Paintings, sculptures, and other works of art are
included only when a print or photograph of them has been made. See <a href="http://www.niso.org/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NISO</a> standard Z39.29 for
information on citing the actual works of art.</p><p>Prints and photographs may be cited as individual items and as collections. See <a href="#A63411">Chapter 17B Collections of Prints and
Photographs</a> for information on citing collections.</p><p>Continue to <a href="#A48399">Citation Rules with Examples for Prints
and Photographs</a>.</p><p>Continue to <a href="#A48720">Examples of Citations to Individual
Prints and Photographs</a>.</p></div><div id="A48399"><h2 id="_A48399_">Citation Rules with Examples for Individual Prints and Photographs</h2><p>Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R
after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the
name means it is optional.</p><p><a href="#A48400">Author (artist or photographer) (R)</a> | <a href="#A48428">Author Affiliation (O)</a> | <a href="#A48443">Title (R)</a> | <a href="#A48463">Type of Medium
(R)</a> | <a href="#A48507">Edition (O)</a> | <a href="#A48516">Place of Publication (R)</a> | <a href="#A48533">Publisher (R)</a> | <a href="#A48550">Date of Publication (R)</a> | <a href="#A48570">Physical Description (O)</a> | <a href="#A48577">Series
(O)</a> | <a href="#A48587">Language (R)</a> | <a href="#A48597">Notes (O)</a></p><div id="A48400"><h3>Author (artist or photographer) for Individual Prints and Photographs
(required)</h3><div id="A48401"><h4>General Rules for Author (artist or photographer)</h4>
<ul><li id="A48402" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the author's surname (family or last name) first</div></li><li id="A48403" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they
appear on the document cited on the assumption that the author
approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn
<i>or</i> van der Horn; De Wolf
<i>or</i> de Wolf <i>or</i> DeWolf.</div></li><li id="A48404" class="half_rhythm"><div>Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials for a
maximum of two initials following each surname</div></li><li id="A48405" class="half_rhythm"><div>Separate multiple author names from each other by a comma and a
space</div></li><li id="A48406" class="half_rhythm"><div>End author information with a period unless the author role is
included (see the <a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48874/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48874">Author role included</a> below)</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48874"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48874/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 8" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48874"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48874"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48874/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48874">Box 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Author role included. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48407"><h4>Specific Rules for Author (artist or photographer)</h4>
<ul><li id="A48408" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48756/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48756">Surnames with hyphens
and other punctuation in them</a>
</div></li><li id="A48409" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48766/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48766">Other surname
rules</a>
</div></li><li id="A48410" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48788/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48788">Given names containing
punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle</a>
</div></li><li id="A48411" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48802/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48802">Degrees, titles, and
honors before or after a personal name</a>
</div></li><li id="A48412" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48811/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48811">Designations of rank in
a family, such as Jr and III</a>
</div></li><li id="A48413" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48818/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48818">Names in non-roman
alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or
character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese)</a>
</div></li><li id="A48414" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48836/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48836">Organization as
author</a>
</div></li><li id="A48415" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48874/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48874">Author role
included</a>
</div></li><li id="A48416" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48884/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48884">No author can be
found</a>
</div></li><li id="A48417" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48886/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48886">Options for author
names</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48756"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48756/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 1" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48756"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48756"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48756/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48756">Box 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48766"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48766/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 2" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48766"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48766"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48766/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48766">Box 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Other surname rules. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48788"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48788/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 3" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48788"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48788"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48788/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48788">Box 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or
particle. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48802"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48802/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 4" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48802"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48802"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48802/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48802">Box 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48811"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48811/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 5" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48811"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48811"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48811/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48811">Box 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48818"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48818/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 6" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48818"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48818"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48818/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48818">Box 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or
character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese). </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48836"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48836/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 7" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48836"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48836"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48836/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48836">Box 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Organization as author. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48884"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48884/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 9" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48884"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48884"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48884/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48884">Box 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">No author can be found. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48886"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48886/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 10" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48886"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48886"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48886/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48886">Box 10</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Options for author names. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48418"><h4>Examples for Author (artist or photographer)</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48419" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A48721">Standard citation for a
print or photograph</a></div></li><li id="A48420" class="half_rhythm"><div>2. <a href="#A48722">Print or photograph author
with optional full first name</a></div></li><li id="A48421" class="half_rhythm"><div>3. <a href="#A48723">Print or photograph author
with optional role provided</a></div></li><li id="A48422" class="half_rhythm"><div>4. <a href="#A48724">Print or photograph author
with only last name provided</a></div></li><li id="A48423" class="half_rhythm"><div>5. <a href="#A48725">Print or photograph with
multiple authors</a></div></li><li id="A48424" class="half_rhythm"><div>6. <a href="#A48726">Print or photograph authors
with different roles</a></div></li><li id="A48425" class="half_rhythm"><div>7. <a href="#A48727">Print or photograph with
organization as author</a></div></li><li id="A48426" class="half_rhythm"><div>8. <a href="#A48728">Print or photograph with no
author found</a></div></li><li id="A48427" class="half_rhythm"><div>9. <a href="#A48729">Print or photograph with
author affiliation</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48428"><h3>Author Affiliation for Individual Prints and Photographs (optional)</h3><div id="A48429"><h4>General Rules for Author Affiliation</h4>
<ul><li id="A48430" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the affiliation of all authors or only the first author</div></li><li id="A48431" class="half_rhythm"><div>Begin with the department and name of the institution, followed
by city and state/Canadian province/country</div></li><li id="A48432" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use commas to separate parts of the address</div></li><li id="A48433" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place the address in parentheses, such as (Department of
Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA)</div></li><li id="A48434" class="half_rhythm"><div>Separate the affiliation from its author by a space</div></li><li id="A48435" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the
parentheses, unless the affiliation is for the last author, then
use a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48436"><h4>Specific Rules for Author Affiliation</h4>
<ul><li id="A48437" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48890/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48890">Abbreviations in
affiliations</a>
</div></li><li id="A48438" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48907/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48907">E-mail address
included</a>
</div></li><li id="A48439" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48913/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48913">Organizational names
for affiliations not in English</a>
</div></li><li id="A48440" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48938/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48938">Names for cities and
countries not in English</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48890"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48890/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 11" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48890"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48890"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48890/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48890">Box 11</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Abbreviations in affiliations. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48907"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48907/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 12" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48907"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48907"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48907/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48907">Box 12</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">E-mail address included. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48913"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48913/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 13" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48913"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48913"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48913/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48913">Box 13</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Organizational names for affiliations not in English. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48938"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48938/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 14" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48938"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48938"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48938/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48938">Box 14</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Names for cities and countries not in English. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48441"><h4>Examples for Author Affiliation</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48442" class="half_rhythm"><div>9. <a href="#A48729">Print or photograph with
author affiliation</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48443"><h3>Title for Individual Prints and Photographs (required)</h3><div id="A48444"><h4>General Rules for Title</h4>
<ul><li id="A48445" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the title of the print or photograph as it appears on the
original document, in the original language</div></li><li id="A48446" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper
adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms</div></li><li id="A48447" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a
subtitle, unless some other form of punctuation such as a
question mark, period, or an exclamation point is already
present</div></li><li id="A48448" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow non-English titles with a translation whenever possible;
place the translation in square brackets</div></li><li id="A48449" class="half_rhythm"><div>End a title with a space unless a question mark or exclamation
point already ends it</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48450"><h4>Specific Rules for Title</h4>
<ul><li id="A48451" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48944/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48944">Titles not in
English</a>
</div></li><li id="A48452" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48971/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48971">Titles in more than one
language</a>
</div></li><li id="A48453" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48977/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48977">Titles containing a
Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special
character</a>
</div></li><li id="A48454" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48989/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48989">Titles ending in
punctuation other than a period</a>
</div></li><li id="A48455" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48996/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48996">No title can be
found</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48944"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48944/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 15" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48944"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48944"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48944/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48944">Box 15</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Titles not in English. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48971"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48971/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 16" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48971"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48971"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48971/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48971">Box 16</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Titles in more than one language. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48977"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48977/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 17" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48977"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48977"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48977/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48977">Box 17</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another
special character. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48989"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48989/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 18" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48989"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48989"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48989/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48989">Box 18</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Titles ending in punctuation other than a period. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA48996"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48996/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 19" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA48996"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48996"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A48996/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48996">Box 19</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">No title can be found. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48456"><h4>Examples for Title</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48457" class="half_rhythm"><div>10. <a href="#A48730">Print or photograph title
with subtitle</a></div></li><li id="A48458" class="half_rhythm"><div>11. <a href="#A48731">Print or photograph title
ending in punctuation other than a period</a></div></li><li id="A48459" class="half_rhythm"><div>12. <a href="#A48732">Print or photograph with
constructed title</a></div></li><li id="A48460" class="half_rhythm"><div>13. <a href="#A48733">Print or photograph title
in a language other than English</a></div></li><li id="A48461" class="half_rhythm"><div>14. <a href="#A48734">Print or photograph title
with parallel text in two or more languages</a></div></li><li id="A48462" class="half_rhythm"><div>15. <a href="#A48735">Print or photograph title
for a conference</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48463"><h3>Type of Medium for Individual Prints and Photographs (required)</h3><div id="A48464"><h4>General Rules for Type of Medium</h4>
<ul><li id="A48465" class="half_rhythm"><div>Indicate the specific type of medium (print, photograph, poster,
etc.) following the title</div></li><li id="A48466" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place the name of the medium in square brackets and end with a
period, such as "[photograph]."</div></li><li id="A48467" class="half_rhythm"><div>Add information about the medium according to the instructions
under <a href="#A48570">Physical
Description</a></div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48469"><h4>Specific Rules for Type of Medium</h4>
<ul><li id="A48470" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49002/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49002">Titles ending in
punctuation other than a period</a>
</div></li><li id="A48471" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49009/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49009">Titles not in
English</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49002"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49002/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 20" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49002"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49002"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49002/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49002">Box 20</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Titles ending in punctuation other than a period. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49009"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49009/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 21" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49009"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49009"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49009/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49009">Box 21</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Titles not in English. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48472"><h4>Examples for Type of Medium</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48473" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A48721">Standard citation for a
print or photograph</a></div></li><li id="A48474" class="half_rhythm"><div>2. <a href="#A48722">Print or photograph author
with optional full first name</a></div></li><li id="A48475" class="half_rhythm"><div>3. <a href="#A48723">Print or photograph author
with optional role provided</a></div></li><li id="A48476" class="half_rhythm"><div>4. <a href="#A48724">Print or photograph author
with only last name provided</a></div></li><li id="A48477" class="half_rhythm"><div>5. <a href="#A48725">Print or photograph with
multiple authors</a></div></li><li id="A48478" class="half_rhythm"><div>6. <a href="#A48726">Print or photograph authors
with different roles</a></div></li><li id="A48479" class="half_rhythm"><div>7. <a href="#A48727">Print or photograph with
organization as author</a></div></li><li id="A48480" class="half_rhythm"><div>8. <a href="#A48728">Print or photograph with no
author found</a></div></li><li id="A48481" class="half_rhythm"><div>9. <a href="#A48729">Print or photograph with
author affiliation</a></div></li><li id="A48482" class="half_rhythm"><div>10. <a href="#A48730">Print or photograph title
with subtitle</a></div></li><li id="A48483" class="half_rhythm"><div>11. <a href="#A48731">Print or photograph title
ending in punctuation other than a period</a></div></li><li id="A48484" class="half_rhythm"><div>12. <a href="#A48732">Print or photograph with
constructed title</a></div></li><li id="A48485" class="half_rhythm"><div>13. <a href="#A48733">Print or photograph title
in a language other than English</a></div></li><li id="A48486" class="half_rhythm"><div>14. <a href="#A48734">Print or photograph title
with parallel text in two or more languages</a></div></li><li id="A48487" class="half_rhythm"><div>15. <a href="#A48735">Print or photograph title
for a conference</a></div></li><li id="A48488" class="half_rhythm"><div>16. <a href="#A48736">Print or photograph with
edition</a></div></li><li id="A48489" class="half_rhythm"><div>17. <a href="#A48737">Print or photograph with
well known place of publication</a></div></li><li id="A48490" class="half_rhythm"><div>18. <a href="#A48738">Print or photograph with
lesser known place of publication</a></div></li><li id="A48491" class="half_rhythm"><div>19. <a href="#A48739">Print or photograph with
place of publication inferred</a></div></li><li id="A48492" class="half_rhythm"><div>20. <a href="#A48740">Print or photograph with no
place of publication found</a></div></li><li id="A48493" class="half_rhythm"><div>21. <a href="#A48741">Print or photograph
publisher with subsidiary department/division
named</a></div></li><li id="A48494" class="half_rhythm"><div>22. <a href="#A48742">Print or photograph with
government agency as publisher</a></div></li><li id="A48495" class="half_rhythm"><div>23. <a href="#A48743">Print or photograph with no
publisher found</a></div></li><li id="A48496" class="half_rhythm"><div>24. <a href="#A48744">Print or photograph with no
place of publication or publisher found</a></div></li><li id="A48497" class="half_rhythm"><div>25. <a href="#A48745">Print or photograph date
with month and day included</a></div></li><li id="A48498" class="half_rhythm"><div>26. <a href="#A48746">Print or photograph with
date of copyright instead of date of publication</a></div></li><li id="A48499" class="half_rhythm"><div>27. <a href="#A48747">Print or photograph with
date estimated</a></div></li><li id="A48500" class="half_rhythm"><div>28. <a href="#A48748">Print or photograph with no
date of publication found</a></div></li><li id="A48501" class="half_rhythm"><div>29. <a href="#A48749">Print or photograph with no
place, publisher, or date of publication found</a></div></li><li id="A48502" class="half_rhythm"><div>30. <a href="#A48750">Print or photograph with
physical description</a></div></li><li id="A48503" class="half_rhythm"><div>31. <a href="#A48751">Print or photograph with a
series</a></div></li><li id="A48504" class="half_rhythm"><div>32. <a href="#A48752">Print or photograph with
the name of library or other archive included</a></div></li><li id="A48505" class="half_rhythm"><div>33. <a href="#A48753">Print or photograph with
supplemental note included</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48507"><h3>Edition for Individual Prints and Photographs (optional)</h3><div id="A48508"><h4>General Rules for Edition</h4><p>Prints are made in a varying number of impressions or copies, called an
edition, such as an edition of 20 or an edition of 100.</p>
<ul><li id="A48509" class="half_rhythm"><div>Begin with the word Edition followed by a colon, a space, and the
total number of impressions. For example: Edition: 50.</div></li><li id="A48510" class="half_rhythm"><div>Express numbers representing editions in arabic numbers. For
example: XXX; becomes 30.</div></li><li id="A48511" class="half_rhythm"><div>End the edition statement with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48512"><h4>Specific Rules for Edition</h4>
<ul><li id="A48513" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49012/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49012">Non-English words for
editions</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49012"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49012/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 22" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49012"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49012"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49012/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49012">Box 22</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Non-English words for editions. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48514"><h4>Examples for Edition</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48515" class="half_rhythm"><div>16. <a href="#A48736">Print or photograph with
edition</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48516"><h3>Place of Publication for Individual Prints and Photographs (required)</h3><div id="A48517"><h4>General Rules for Place of Publication</h4>
<ul><li id="A48518" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place is defined as the city where the print or photograph was
published</div></li><li id="A48519" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow US and Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation
for the state or province (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appe/?report=reader">Appendix E</a>) to avoid confusion when citing lesser
known cities or when cities in different locations have the same
name, such as Palm Springs (CA) and Palm Springs (FL)</div></li><li id="A48520" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow cities in other countries with the name of the country,
either written out or as the two-letter ISO country code (see
<a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a>), when
citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations
have the same name, such as London (ON) and London (England)</div></li><li id="A48521" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use the anglicized form for a non-US city, such as Vienna for
Wein</div></li><li id="A48522" class="half_rhythm"><div>End place information with a colon</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48523"><h4>Specific Rules for Place of Publication</h4>
<ul><li id="A48524" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49016/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49016">Non-US cities</a>
</div></li><li id="A48525" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49045/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49045">No place of publication
can be found</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49016"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49016/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 23" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49016"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49016"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49016/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49016">Box 23</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Non-US cities. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49045"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49045/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 24" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49045"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49045"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49045/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49045">Box 24</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">No place of publication can be found. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48526"><h4>Examples for Place of Publication</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48527" class="half_rhythm"><div>17. <a href="#A48737">Print or photograph with
well known place of publication</a></div></li><li id="A48528" class="half_rhythm"><div>18. <a href="#A48738">Print or photograph with
lesser known place of publication</a></div></li><li id="A48529" class="half_rhythm"><div>19. <a href="#A48739">Print or photograph with
place of publication inferred</a></div></li><li id="A48530" class="half_rhythm"><div>20. <a href="#A48740">Print or photograph with no
place of publication found</a></div></li><li id="A48531" class="half_rhythm"><div>24. <a href="#A48744">Print or photograph with no
place of publication or publisher found</a></div></li><li id="A48532" class="half_rhythm"><div>29. <a href="#A48749">Print or photograph with no
place, publisher, or date of publication found</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48533"><h3>Publisher for Individual Prints and Photographs (required)</h3><div id="A48534"><h4>General Rules for Publisher</h4>
<ul><li id="A48535" class="half_rhythm"><div>Record the name of the publisher as it appears in the
publication, using whatever capitalization and punctuation is
found there</div></li><li id="A48536" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate well-known publisher names with caution to avoid
confusion. For example, "John Wiley &#x00026; Sons, Ltd." may become
simply "Wiley".</div></li><li id="A48537" class="half_rhythm"><div>When a division or other subsidiary part of a publisher appears
in the publication, enter the publisher name first. For example:
McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division.</div></li><li id="A48538" class="half_rhythm"><div>End publisher information with a semicolon</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48539"><h4>Specific Rules for Publisher</h4>
<ul><li id="A48540" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49050/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49050">Abbreviated words in
publisher names</a>
</div></li><li id="A48541" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49065/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49065">Non-English names for
publishers</a>
</div></li><li id="A48542" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49094/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49094">Government agencies and
other national and international bodies as publisher</a>
</div></li><li id="A48543" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49102/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49102">No publisher can be
found</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49050"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49050/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 25" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49050"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49050"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49050/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49050">Box 25</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Abbreviated words in publisher names. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49065"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49065/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 26" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49065"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49065"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49065/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49065">Box 26</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Non-English names for publishers. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49094"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49094/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 27" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49094"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49094"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49094/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49094">Box 27</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Government agencies and other national and international bodies as
publisher. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49102"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49102/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 28" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49102"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49102"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49102/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49102">Box 28</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">No publisher can be found. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48544"><h4>Examples for Publisher</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48545" class="half_rhythm"><div>21. <a href="#A48741">Print or photograph
publisher with subsidiary department/division
named</a></div></li><li id="A48546" class="half_rhythm"><div>22. <a href="#A48742">Print or photograph with
government agency as publisher</a></div></li><li id="A48547" class="half_rhythm"><div>23. <a href="#A48743">Print or photograph with no
publisher found</a></div></li><li id="A48548" class="half_rhythm"><div>24. <a href="#A48744">Print or photograph with no
place of publication or publisher found</a></div></li><li id="A48549" class="half_rhythm"><div>29. <a href="#A48749">Print or photograph with no
place, publisher, or date of publication found</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48550"><h3>Date of Publication for Individual Prints and Photographs (required)</h3><div id="A48551"><h4>General Rules for Date of Publication</h4>
<ul><li id="A48552" class="half_rhythm"><div>Always give the year of publication</div></li><li id="A48553" class="half_rhythm"><div>Convert roman numerals to arabic numbers. For example: MM to
2000.</div></li><li id="A48554" class="half_rhythm"><div>Include the month of publication, if desired, after the year,
such as 2004 May</div></li><li id="A48555" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use English names for months and abbreviate them to the first
three letters, such as Jan</div></li><li id="A48556" class="half_rhythm"><div>End date information with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48557"><h4>Specific Rules for Date of Publication</h4>
<ul><li id="A48558" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49105/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49105">Non-English names for
months</a>
</div></li><li id="A48559" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49112/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49112">Seasons instead of
months</a>
</div></li><li id="A48560" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49120/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49120">Date of publication and
date of copyright</a>
</div></li><li id="A48561" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49125/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49125">No date of publication,
but a date of copyright</a>
</div></li><li id="A48562" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49128/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49128">No date of publication
or copyright can be found</a>
</div></li><li id="A48563" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49135/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49135">Options for date of
publication</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49105"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49105/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 29" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49105"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49105"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49105/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49105">Box 29</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Non-English names for months. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49112"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49112/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 30" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49112"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49112"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49112/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49112">Box 30</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Seasons instead of months. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49120"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49120/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 31" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49120"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49120"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49120/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49120">Box 31</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Date of publication and date of copyright. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49125"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49125/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 32" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49125"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49125"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49125/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49125">Box 32</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">No date of publication, but a date of copyright. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49128"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49128/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 33" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49128"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49128"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49128/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49128">Box 33</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">No date of publication or copyright can be found. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49135"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49135/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 33a" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49135"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49135"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49135/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49135">Box 33a</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Options for date of publication. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48564"><h4>Examples for Date of Publication</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48565" class="half_rhythm"><div>25. <a href="#A48745">Print or photograph date
with month and day included</a></div></li><li id="A48566" class="half_rhythm"><div>26. <a href="#A48746">Print or photograph with
date of copyright instead of date of publication</a></div></li><li id="A48567" class="half_rhythm"><div>27. <a href="#A48747">Print or photograph with
date estimated</a></div></li><li id="A48568" class="half_rhythm"><div>28. <a href="#A48748">Print or photograph with no
date of publication found</a></div></li><li id="A48569" class="half_rhythm"><div>29. <a href="#A48749">Print or photograph with no
place, publisher, or date of publication found</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48570"><h3>Physical Description for Individual Prints and Photographs (optional)</h3><div id="A48571"><h4>General Rules for Physical Description</h4>
<ul><li id="A48572" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give the physical characteristics of the print, photograph, etc.,
such as 1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 8 x 10 in.</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48573"><h4>Specific Rules for Physical Description</h4>
<ul><li id="A48574" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49145/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49145">Language for describing
physical characteristics</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49145"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49145/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 34" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49145"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49145"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49145/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49145">Box 34</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Language for describing physical characteristics. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48575"><h4>Examples for Physical Description</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48576" class="half_rhythm"><div>30. <a href="#A48750">Print or photograph with
physical description</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48577"><h3>Series for Individual Prints and Photographs (optional)</h3><div id="A48578"><h4>General Rules for Series</h4>
<ul><li id="A48579" class="half_rhythm"><div>Begin with the name of the series</div></li><li id="A48580" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns</div></li><li id="A48581" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the name with any numbers provided. For example, vol. 3
for a volume or no. 12 for an issue number.</div></li><li id="A48582" class="half_rhythm"><div>Separate the title and the number by a semicolon and a space</div></li><li id="A48583" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place series information in parentheses</div></li><li id="A48584" class="half_rhythm"><div>End series information with a period, placed outside the closing
parenthesis</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48585"><h4>Examples for Series</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48586" class="half_rhythm"><div>31. <a href="#A48751">Print or photograph with a
series</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48587"><h3>Language for Individual Prints and Photographs (required)</h3><div id="A48588"><h4>General Rules for Language</h4>
<ul><li id="A48589" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give the language of the print, photograph, etc., if not
English</div></li><li id="A48590" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize the language name</div></li><li id="A48591" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the language name with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48592"><h4>Specific Rules for Language</h4>
<ul><li id="A48593" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49159/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49159">Titles appearing in
more than one language</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49159"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49159/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 35" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49159"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49159"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49159/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49159">Box 35</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Titles appearing in more than one language. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48594"><h4>Examples for Language</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48595" class="half_rhythm"><div>13. <a href="#A48733">Print or photograph title
in a language other than English</a></div></li><li id="A48596" class="half_rhythm"><div>14. <a href="#A48734">Print or photograph title
with parallel text in two or more languages</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48597"><h3>Notes for Individual Prints and Photographs (optional)</h3><div id="A48598"><h4>General Rules for Notes</h4>
<ul><li id="A48599" class="half_rhythm"><div>Notes is a collective term for any useful information given after
the citation itself</div></li><li id="A48600" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complete sentences are not required</div></li><li id="A48601" class="half_rhythm"><div>Be brief</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48602"><h4>Specific Rules for Notes</h4>
<ul><li id="A48603" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49165/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49165">Information on the
location of the print or photograph</a>
</div></li><li id="A48604" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49170/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49170">Other types of material
to include in notes</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49165"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49165/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 36" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49165"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49165"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49165/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49165">Box 36</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Information on the location of the print or photograph. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49170"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49170/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 37" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49170"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49170"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49170/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49170">Box 37</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Other types of material to include in notes. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48605"><h4>Examples for Notes</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48606" class="half_rhythm"><div>32. <a href="#A48752">Print or photograph with
the name of library or other archive included</a></div></li><li id="A48607" class="half_rhythm"><div>33. <a href="#A48753">Print or photograph with
supplemental note included</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div></div><div id="A48720"><h2 id="_A48720_">Examples of Citations to Individual Prints and Photographs</h2><div id="A48721"><h3>1. Standard citation for a print or photograph</h3><p>Day J. Dying before their time: early death &#x00026; AIDS [poster]. Farmington (CT):
University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Section of Medical Arts &#x00026;
Letters; 1988. 1 poster: color, 14 x 21 in.</p></div><div id="A48722"><h3>2. Print or photograph author with optional full first name</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">Netter, Frank H.</span>
[Interior view of the ear] [poster]. Summit (NJ): Ciba; [date unknown]. 1
poster: color, 39 x 27 in.</p></div><div id="A48723"><h3>3. Print or photograph author with optional role provided</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">Nunney, artist.</span> Learning
to be doctors in Fiji [poster]. New York: British Information Services; [date
unknown]. 1 poster: color, 51 x 76 cm.</p><p><span class="bk_hlight">Vedin A, Maliutina O,
artists.</span> Prichina-alkogol' [poster]. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo
Plakat; c1990. 1 poster: color, 66 x 48 cm. Russian.</p><p><span class="bk_hlight">Ridley W, engraver.</span>
Harvey [print]. London: [publisher unknown]; 1796 May 7. 1 print: black &#x00026;
white, 3 x 5 in.</p><p><span class="bk_hlight">Baron DA, photographer.</span>
Would you be more careful if it was you that got pregnant? [poster]. California:
Pharmacists Planning Service, Inc.; c1986. 1 poster: halftone, 11 x 17 in.</p></div><div id="A48724"><h3>4. Print or photograph author with only last name provided</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">Walter,</span> engraver. John F.
Frazer, A.M. [print]. Philadelphia: Harrison; [date unknown]. 1 print: black
&#x00026; white, 7 x 10 in.</p><p><span class="bk_hlight">Nunney,</span> artist. Learning
to be doctors in Fiji [poster]. New York: British Information Services; [date
unknown]. 1 poster: color, 51 x 76 cm.</p></div><div id="A48725"><h3>5. Print or photograph with multiple authors</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">Vedin A, Maliutina O.</span>
Prichina-alkogol' [poster]. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Plakat; c1990. 1 poster: color,
66 x 48 cm. Russian.</p><p><span class="bk_hlight">Padey G, Auberson G.</span>
Parlons sante! = Let's talk health! = !Hablemos de la salud!
= Falemos da saude! [poster]. Geneva: World Health Organization; [date
unknown]. 1 poster: color, 42 x 60 cm. French, English, Spanish, Portuguese.</p></div><div id="A48726"><h3>6. Print or photograph authors with different roles</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">Sokolov IS, author; Ivanov KK,
artist.</span> Stydno, diadia! [For shame, uncle!]
[poster]. Moscow: Ministerstvo Zdravookhraneniia SSSR, Institut Sanitarnogo
Prosveshcheniia; 1964. 1 poster: color, 56 x 43 cm. Russian.</p></div><div id="A48727"><h3>7. Print or photograph with organization as author</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">College des Ondes.</span> Le
sida se transmet aussi de cette facon [AIDS is transmitted by this behavior]
[poster]. [Mauritius]: Mauritius Ministere de la Sante, Health Education Unit;
[date unknown]. 1 poster: color, 12 x 19 in. French.</p></div><div id="A48728"><h3>8. Print or photograph with no author found</h3><p>Observation of bacterial growths in medium to study their effects on teeth
[photograph]. [Bethesda (MD)]: National Institute of Dental Research (US); [date
unknown]. 1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 8 x 10 in.</p><p>[Floor plans for laboratory] [print]. [Washington]: Army (US), Office of the
Surgeon-General; [date unknown]. 1 print: black &#x00026; white, 7 x 9 in.</p></div><div id="A48729"><h3>9. Print or photograph with author affiliation</h3><p>Joseph N <span class="bk_hlight">(Smart + Strong, New York,
NY).</span> Let's talk [poster]. [Washington]: Pan American Health
Organization; 1999. 1 poster: color, 18 x 24 in.</p></div><div id="A48730"><h3>10. Print or photograph title with subtitle</h3><p>Help wanted<span class="bk_hlight">: set your own
hours</span> [poster]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute
(US); [date unknown]. 1 poster: color, 17 x 22 in.</p></div><div id="A48731"><h3>11. Print or photograph title ending in punctuation other than a
period</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">AIDS is over, right?</span>
[poster]. New York: Visual AIDS; 1998. 1 poster: color, 24 x 35 in.</p><p>Gillray J. <span class="bk_hlight">The cow pock-or-the wonderful
effects of the new inoculation!</span> [print]. London: H.
Humphrey; 1802 Jun 12. 1 print: color, 9 x 14 in.</p><p>Sokolov IS, author; Ivanov KK, artist. <span class="bk_hlight">Stydno, diadia! [For shame, uncle!]</span> [poster].
Moscow: Ministerstvo Zdravookhraneniia SSSR, Institut Sanitarnogo
Prosveshcheniia; 1964. 1 poster: color, 56 x 43 cm. Russian.</p></div><div id="A48732"><h3>12. Print or photograph with constructed title</h3><p>Kennedy RA. <span class="bk_hlight">[Christian B.
Anfinsen]</span> [photograph]. [Bethesda (MD)]: National Institutes
of Health (US), Photographic Research Section; [1952?]. 1 print: black &#x00026;
white, 10 x 8 in.</p><p><span class="bk_hlight">[Portrait of five African American female
nurses in uniform, circa 1920]</span> [photograph]. [New York]:
National League for Nursing Press; c1991. 1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 8 x
10 in.</p></div><div id="A48733"><h3>13. Print or photograph title in a language other than English</h3><p><span class="bk_hlight">Le soleil peut etre dangereux: travail ou
loisirs, protegez-vous</span> [poster]. Paris: Ligue Nationale
Contre le Cancer; 1992. 1 poster: color, 12 x 16 in. <span class="bk_hlight">French.</span></p><p>Diesen H. <span class="bk_hlight">Rus fri</span>
[poster]. Norway: Statens Edruskapsdirektorat; [date unknown]. 1 poster: color,
60 x 42 cm. <span class="bk_hlight">Norwegian.</span></p><p><span class="bk_hlight">Drug vodki--vrag
profsoiuza</span> [print]. Moscow: Narkomzdrava R.S.F.S.R.; 1926. 1
poster: color, 71 x 105 cm. <span class="bk_hlight">Russian.</span></p><p>
<i>with translation</i>
</p><p>Le soleil peut etre dangereux: travail ou loisirs, protegez-vous <span class="bk_hlight">[The sun can be dangerous: at work or play, protect
yourself]</span> [poster]. Paris: Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer;
1992. 1 poster: color, 12 x 16 in. <span class="bk_hlight">French.</span></p><p>Diesen H. Rus fri <span class="bk_hlight">[Intoxication
free]</span> [poster]. Norway: Statens Edruskapsdirektorat; [date
unknown]. 1 poster: color, 60 x 42 cm. <span class="bk_hlight">Norwegian.</span></p><p>Drug vodki--vrag profsoiuza <span class="bk_hlight">[Friend of
vodka--enemy of the trade union]</span> [print]. Moscow:
Narkomzdrava R.S.F.S.R.; 1926. 1 poster: color, 71 x 105 cm. <span class="bk_hlight">Russian.</span></p></div><div id="A48734"><h3>14. Print or photograph title with parallel text in two or more
languages</h3><p>Boillard J, artist. <span class="bk_hlight">Assemblee des vieux
garcons = The assembly of old batchelors</span> [print]. London:
Bowles &#x00026; Carver; [date unknown]. 1 print: color, 16 x 22 cm. <span class="bk_hlight">French, English.</span></p><p>Girardet E. <span class="bk_hlight">La consultation = Die
consultation</span> [print]. Paris: Lemercier; [date unknown]. 1
print: color, 28 x 24 cm. <span class="bk_hlight">French,
German.</span></p><p>Padey G, Auberson G. <span class="bk_hlight">Parlons sante!
= Let's talk health! = !Hablemos de la salud! = Falemos da
saude!</span> [poster]. Geneva: World Health Organization;
[date unknown]. 1 poster: color, 42 x 60 cm. <span class="bk_hlight">French, English, Spanish,
Portuguese.</span></p><p>Morris, artist. <span class="bk_hlight">Tobacco or health: choose
health = Le tabac ou la sante: choisissez la sante = Tabaco o salud: elija
la salud</span> [poster]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988.
1 poster: color, 42 x 30 cm. <span class="bk_hlight">English,
French, Spanish.</span></p></div><div id="A48735"><h3>15. Print or photograph title for a conference</h3><p>Geriatric assessment methods for clinical decisionmaking [poster]. <span class="bk_hlight">Consensus Development Conference on Geriatric
Assessment Methods; 1987 Oct 19-21; Bethesda, MD.</span> Bethesda
(MD): National Institutes of Health (US), Medical Arts and Photography Branch;
1987. 1 poster: color, 27 x 32 in.</p><p><span class="bk_hlight">Congreso Nacional y Primera Conferencia
Internacional de Salud Oral</span> [National Congress and 1st
International Conference on Oral Health] [poster]. Lima (Peru): Colegio
Odontologico del Peru; 1971. 1 poster: color, 21 x 27 in. Spanish.</p></div><div id="A48736"><h3>16. Print or photograph with edition</h3><p>The world's debt to Pasteur [poster]. <span class="bk_hlight">Edition: 1000.</span> Philadelphia: Wistar Institute; c1984. 1
poster: color, 9 x 13 in.</p></div><div id="A48737"><h3>17. Print or photograph with well known place of publication</h3><p>The heifer from which the vaccine matter is taken [print]. <span class="bk_hlight">New York:</span> Harper &#x00026; Brothers;
1870. 1 print: black &#x00026; white, 10 x 8 in.</p><p>Le soleil peut etre dangereux: travail ou loisirs, protegez-vous [The sun can be
dangerous: at work or play, protect yourself] [poster]. <span class="bk_hlight">Paris:</span> Ligue Nationale Contre le
Cancer; 1992. 1 poster: color, 12 x 16 in. French.</p></div><div id="A48738"><h3>18. Print or photograph with lesser known place of publication</h3><p>Stoepman F. From witchdoctor to MD: a review of more than 20 centuries of medical
skill--of the scholars, the diseases and the sick--of the world around them
[poster]. <span class="bk_hlight">Haarlem
(Netherlands):</span> The Halls; 1972. 1 poster: color, 21 x 31
in.</p><p>Day J. Dying before their time: early death &#x00026; AIDS [poster]. <span class="bk_hlight">Farmington (CT):</span> University of
Connecticut School of Medicine, Section of Medical Arts &#x00026; Letters; 1988. 1
poster: color, 14 x 21 in.</p></div><div id="A48739"><h3>19. Print or photograph with place of publication inferred</h3><p>[Portrait of five African American female nurses in uniform, circa 1920]
[photograph]. <span class="bk_hlight">[New
York]:</span> National League for Nursing Press; c1991. 1
photograph: black &#x00026; white, 8 x 10 in.</p><p>Observation of bacterial growths in medium to study their effects on teeth
[photograph]. <span class="bk_hlight">[Bethesda
(MD)]:</span> National Institute of Dental Research (US); [date
unknown]. 1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 8 x 10 in.</p></div><div id="A48740"><h3>20. Print or photograph with no place of publication found</h3><p>Blossom D. Tufts University School of Medicine [photograph]. <span class="bk_hlight">[place unknown]:</span> E.R. Squibb &#x00026;
Sons; c1966. 1 photograph: color, 11 x 14 in.</p><p>Thom RA. Pharmacy in Ancient China (about 2000 B.C.) [print]. <span class="bk_hlight">[place unknown]:</span> Parke Davis &#x00026;
Company; 1951. 1 print: color, 8 1/2 x 11 in.</p></div><div id="A48741"><h3>21. Print or photograph publisher with subsidiary department/division
named</h3><p>Day J. Dying before their time: early death &#x00026; AIDS [poster]. Farmington (CT):
<span class="bk_hlight">University of Connecticut School of
Medicine, Section of Medical Arts &#x00026; Letters;</span> 1988. 1
poster: color, 14 x 21 in.</p><p>Marasmus baby [poster]. Lilongwe (Malawi): <span class="bk_hlight">Malawi Ministry of Health, Health Education
Section;</span> 1988. 1 poster: black &#x00026; white, 11 x 23 in.</p></div><div id="A48742"><h3>22. Print or photograph with government agency as publisher</h3><p>[Floor plans for laboratory] [print]. [Washington]: <span class="bk_hlight">Army (US), Office of the
Surgeon-General;</span> [date unknown]. 1 print: black &#x00026; white,
7 x 9 in.</p><p>Observation of bacterial growths in medium to study their effects on teeth
[photograph]. [Bethesda (MD)]: <span class="bk_hlight">National
Institute of Dental Research (US);</span> [date unknown]. 1
photograph: black &#x00026; white, 8 x 10 in.</p></div><div id="A48743"><h3>23. Print or photograph with no publisher found</h3><p>Spellman DD. [Hugo A. Freund] [photograph]. Detroit: <span class="bk_hlight">[publisher unknown];</span> 1948 Feb. 1
photograph: black &#x00026; white, 8 x 11 in.</p></div><div id="A48744"><h3>24. Print or photograph with no place of publication or publisher
found</h3><p>Kyllingstad H. Indian hospital [photograph]. <span class="bk_hlight">[place unknown: publisher unknown];</span>
1951. 1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 7 x 9 in.</p><p>Eareckson CN. [Dr. Harry Friedenwald] [photograph]. <span class="bk_hlight">[place unknown: publisher unknown];</span>
1928. 1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 5 x 8 in.</p></div><div id="A48745"><h3>25. Print or photograph date with month and day included</h3><p>Ridley W, engraver. Harvey [print]. London: [publisher unknown]; <span class="bk_hlight">1796 May 7.</span> 1 print: black &#x00026;
white, 3 x 5 in.</p></div><div id="A48746"><h3>26. Print or photograph with date of copyright instead of date of
publication</h3><p>[Portrait of five African American female nurses in uniform, circa 1920]
[photograph]. [New York]: National League for Nursing Press; <span class="bk_hlight">c1991.</span> 1 photograph: black &#x00026;
white, 8 x 10 in.</p><p>Vedin A, Maliutina O. Prichina-alkogol [poster]. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Plakat;
<span class="bk_hlight">c1990.</span> 1 poster:
color, 66 x 48 cm. Russian.</p></div><div id="A48747"><h3>27. Print or photograph with date estimated</h3><p>Kennedy RA. [Christian B. Anfinsen] [photograph]. [Bethesda (MD)]: National
Institutes of Health (US), Photographic Research Section; <span class="bk_hlight">[1952?].</span> 1 print: black &#x00026;
white, 10 x 8 in.</p><p>First aid packet: first aid help for wounds [photograph]. [place unknown:
publisher unknown; <span class="bk_hlight">circa
1900].</span> 1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 5 x 6 in. Located
at: Prints and Photographs Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda,
MD; Order No.: A022483.</p></div><div id="A48748"><h3>28. Print or photograph with no date of publication found</h3><p>Darbois D. [A young boy in Japan with polio] [photograph]. [Geneva]: World Health
Organization; <span class="bk_hlight">[date
unknown].</span> 1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 7 x 10 in.</p><p>M Freligh [print]. Philadelphia: Galaxy Pub. Co.; <span class="bk_hlight">[date unknown].</span> 1 print: black
&#x00026; white, 6 x 9 in. Portrait of Martin Freligh.</p></div><div id="A48749"><h3>29. Print or photograph with no place, publisher, or date of publication
found</h3><p>Johan Freyer [print]. <span class="bk_hlight">[place, publisher,
date unknown].</span> 1 print: black &#x00026; white, 6 x 7 in. Located
at: Prints and Photographs Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda,
MD; Order No. B012357.</p><p>Berry T, engraver. John Gerarde: master in chirurgerie [print]. <span class="bk_hlight">[place, publisher, date unknown].</span> 1
print: black &#x00026; white, 6 x 8 in. Located at: Prints and Photographs
Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; Order No. B012807.</p></div><div id="A48750"><h3>30. Print or photograph with physical description</h3><p>Kyllingstad H. Indian hospital [photograph]. [place unknown: publisher unknown];
1951. <span class="bk_hlight">1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 7
x 9 in.</span></p><p>[Men in uniform] [print]. New York: G.W. Averell; 1875. <span class="bk_hlight">1 print: sepia, 10 x 12 in.</span></p><p>Vedin A, Maliutina O. Prichina-alkogol' [poster]. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Plakat;
c1990. <span class="bk_hlight">1 poster: color, 66 x 48
cm.</span> Russian.</p></div><div id="A48751"><h3>31. Print or photograph with a series</h3><p>Thom RA. Pharmacy in Ancient China (about 2000 B.C.) [print]. [place unknown]:
Parke Davis &#x00026; Company; 1951. 1 print: color, 8 1/2 x 11 in. <span class="bk_hlight">(A history of pharmacy in pictures;
3).</span></p></div><div id="A48752"><h3>32. Print or photograph with the name of library or other archive
included</h3><p>Johan Freyer [print]. [place, publisher, date unknown]. 1 print: black &#x00026;
white. <span class="bk_hlight">Located at: Prints and
Photographs Collection, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; Order
No. B012357.</span></p></div><div id="A48753"><h3>33. Print or photograph with supplemental note included</h3><p>Riley J, artist. [John Freke] [print]. [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1718.
1 print: black &#x00026; white, 6 x 9 in. <span class="bk_hlight">From a sculpture by Vertue.</span></p><p>Thom RA. Pharmacy in Ancient China (about 2000 B.C.) [print]. [place unknown]:
Parke Davis &#x00026; Company; 1951. 1 print: color, 8 1/2 x 11 in. (A history of
pharmacy in pictures; 3). <span class="bk_hlight">Shows Shen
Nung, a Chinese emperor, examining herbs.</span></p><p>Kyllingstad H. Indian hospital [photograph]. [place unknown: publisher unknown];
1951. 1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 7 x 9 in. <span class="bk_hlight">Taken at the Santa Fe Indian Hospital, New
Mexico.</span></p><p>Baron DA, photographer. Would you be more careful if it was you that got
pregnant? [poster]. California: Pharmacists Planning Service, Inc.; c1986. 1
poster: halftone, 11 x 17 in. <span class="bk_hlight">Sponsored
by Clinica de la Raza, Oakland, California.</span></p><p>Spellman DD. [Hugo A. Freund] [photograph]. Detroit: [publisher unknown]; 1948
Feb. 1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 8 x 11 in. <span class="bk_hlight">Autographed; letter attached.</span></p><p>[The hand Jenner used as a source for his vaccine] [print]. Milan (Italy): Lier;
1923. 1 print: black &#x00026; white. <span class="bk_hlight">Facsimile of 1798 drawing by Jenner.</span></p></div></div><div id="A63411"><h2 id="_A63411_">B. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Collections of Prints and
Photographs</h2><p>The general format for a reference to a collection of prints and photographs,
including punctuation:</p><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK7258/bin/ch17e3.jpg" alt="Illustration of the general format for a reference to a collection of&#10;prints and photographs." /></div><p>
<a href="#A63412">Examples of Citations to Collections of Prints and
Photographs</a>
</p><p>Prints and photographs may be cited as individual items or as collections. In the
rules section below, information on citing collections is placed after the rules for
citing an individual print or photograph.</p><p>Titles for collections are unusual in that they are assigned by the library or other
archive housing the collection. Although collection titles are constructed, they are
not placed within square brackets as are constructed titles for an individual print
or photograph. Other areas of difference include:</p>
<ul><li id="A48396" class="half_rhythm"><div>Range of dates for the collection is provided instead of a single date of
publication.</div></li><li id="A48397" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place of publication and publisher information is absent.</div></li><li id="A48398" class="half_rhythm"><div>Name of the library or archive housing the collection is required in the
citation.</div></li></ul>
<p>Note that most example citations in this chapter are from the Prints and Photographs
Collection of the National Library of Medicine. Since the Collection is housed
organizationally within the Library's History of Medicine Division, many items are
historical in nature. However, the rules provided are applicable to contemporary
material.</p><p>Continue to <a href="#A48608">Citation Rules with Examples for
Collections of Prints and Photographs</a></p><p>Continue to <a href="#A63412">Examples of Citations to Collections of
Prints and Photographs</a></p></div><div id="A48608"><h2 id="_A48608_">Citation Rules with Examples for Collections of Prints and Photographs</h2><p>Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R
after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the
name means it is optional.</p><p><a href="#A48609">Author (artist or photographer) (R)</a> | <a href="#A48629">Author Affiliation (O)</a> | <a href="#A48644">Title (R)</a> | <a href="#A48655">Type of Medium
(R)</a> | <a href="#A48664">Secondary Author (O)</a> |
<a href="#A48673">Date of Publication (R)</a> | <a href="#A48682">Physical Description (O)</a> | <a href="#A48690">Library or Other Archive Where Located (R)</a> |
<a href="#A48702">Language (R)</a> | <a href="#A48711">Notes (O)</a></p><div id="A48609"><h3>Author (artist or photographer) for Collections (required)</h3><div id="A48610"><h4>General Rules for Author (artist or photographer)</h4>
<ul><li id="A48611" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the author's surname (family or last name) first</div></li><li id="A48612" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they
appear on the document cited on the assumption that the author
approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn
<i>or</i> van der Horn; De Wolf
<i>or</i> de Wolf <i>or</i> DeWolf.</div></li><li id="A48613" class="half_rhythm"><div>Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials for a
maximum of two initials following each surname</div></li><li id="A48614" class="half_rhythm"><div>End author information with a period unless the author role is
included (see <a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49298/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49298">Author
role included</a> below)</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49298"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49298/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 45" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49298"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49298"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49298/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49298">Box 45</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Author role included. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48615"><h4>Specific Rules for Author (artist or photographer)</h4>
<ul><li id="A48616" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49180/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49180">Surnames with hyphens
and other punctuation in them</a>
</div></li><li id="A48617" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49190/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49190">Other surname
rules</a>
</div></li><li id="A48618" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49212/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49212">Given names containing
punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle</a>
</div></li><li id="A48619" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49226/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49226">Degrees, titles, and
honors before or after a personal name</a>
</div></li><li id="A48620" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49235/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49235">Designations of rank in
a family, such as Jr and III</a>
</div></li><li id="A48621" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49242/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49242">Names in non-roman
alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or
character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese)</a>
</div></li><li id="A48622" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49260/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49260">Organization as
author</a>
</div></li><li id="A48623" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49298/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49298">Author role
included</a>
</div></li><li id="A48624" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49308/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49308">Compiler instead of an
author</a>
</div></li><li id="A48625" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49316/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49316">No author can be
found</a>
</div></li><li id="A48626" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49318/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49318">Options for author
names</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49180"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49180/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 38" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49180"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49180"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49180/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49180">Box 38</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49190"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49190/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 39" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49190"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49190"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49190/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49190">Box 39</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Other surname rules. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49212"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49212/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 40" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49212"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49212"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49212/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49212">Box 40</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or
particle. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49226"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49226/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 41" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49226"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49226"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49226/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49226">Box 41</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49235"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49235/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 42" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49235"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49235"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49235/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49235">Box 42</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49242"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49242/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 43" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49242"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49242"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49242/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49242">Box 43</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or
character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese). </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49260"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49260/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 44" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49260"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49260"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49260/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49260">Box 44</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Organization as author. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49308"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49308/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 46" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49308"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49308"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49308/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49308">Box 46</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Compiler instead of an author. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49316"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49316/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 47" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49316"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49316"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49316/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49316">Box 47</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">No author can be found. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49318"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49318/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 48" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49318"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49318"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49318/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49318">Box 48</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Options for author names. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48627"><h4>Examples for Author (artist or photographer)</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48628" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A63413">Print and photograph
collections</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48629"><h3>Author Affiliation for Collections (optional)</h3><div id="A48630"><h4>General Rules for Author Affiliation</h4>
<ul><li id="A48631" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the affiliation of all authors or only the first author</div></li><li id="A48632" class="half_rhythm"><div>Begin with the department and name of the institution, followed
by city and state/Canadian province/country</div></li><li id="A48633" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use commas to separate parts of the address</div></li><li id="A48634" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place the address in parentheses, such as (Department of
Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA)</div></li><li id="A48635" class="half_rhythm"><div>Separate the affiliation from its author by a space</div></li><li id="A48636" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the
parentheses, unless the affiliation is for the last author, then
use a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48637"><h4>Specific Rules for Author Affiliation</h4>
<ul><li id="A48638" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49322/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49322">Abbreviations in
affiliations</a>
</div></li><li id="A48639" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49337/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49337">E-mail address
included</a>
</div></li><li id="A48640" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49343/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49343">Organizational names
for affiliations not in English</a>
</div></li><li id="A48641" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49368/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49368">Names for cities and
countries not in English</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49322"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49322/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 49" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49322"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49322"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49322/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49322">Box 49</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Abbreviations in affiliations. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49337"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49337/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 50" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49337"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49337"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49337/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49337">Box 50</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">E-mail address included. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49343"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49343/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 51" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49343"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49343"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49343/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49343">Box 51</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Organizational names for affiliations not in English. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49368"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49368/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 52" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49368"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49368"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49368/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49368">Box 52</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Names for cities and countries not in English. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48642"><h4>Examples for Author Affiliation</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48643" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A63413">Print and photograph
collections</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48644"><h3>Title for Collections (required)</h3><div id="A48645"><h4>General Rules for Title</h4>
<ul><li id="A48646" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the title of the collection as assigned by the holder of
the collection</div></li><li id="A48647" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper
adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms</div></li><li id="A48648" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a
subtitle, unless another form of punctuation such as a question
mark, period, or an exclamation point is already present</div></li><li id="A48649" class="half_rhythm"><div>End a title with a space</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48650"><h4>Specific Rules for Title</h4>
<ul><li id="A48651" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49374/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49374">Titles not in
English</a>
</div></li><li id="A48652" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49393/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49393">Titles containing a
Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special
character</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49374"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49374/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 53" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49374"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49374"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49374/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49374">Box 53</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Titles not in English. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49393"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49393/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 54" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49393"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49393"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49393/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49393">Box 54</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another
special character. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48653"><h4>Examples for Title</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48654" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A63413">Print and photograph
collections</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48655"><h3>Type of Medium for Collections (required)</h3><div id="A48656"><h4>General Rules for Type of Medium</h4>
<ul><li id="A48657" class="half_rhythm"><div>Indicate the specific type of medium (prints, photographs,
posters, etc.) of the items in the collection following the
title</div></li><li id="A48658" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place the name of the medium in square brackets and end with a
period, such as "[photographs]."</div></li><li id="A48659" class="half_rhythm"><div>Add information about the medium according to the instructions
under <a href="#A48682">Physical Description for
Collections</a></div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48660"><h4>Specific Rules for Type of Medium</h4>
<ul><li id="A48661" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49404/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49404">More than one type of
medium</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49404"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49404/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 55" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49404"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49404"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49404/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49404">Box 55</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">More than one type of medium. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48662"><h4>Examples for Type of Medium</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48663" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A63413">Print and photograph
collections</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48664"><h3>Secondary Author for Collections (optional)</h3><div id="A48665"><h4>General Rules for Secondary Author</h4>
<ul><li id="A48666" class="half_rhythm"><div>A secondary author modifies the work of the author, such as the
compiler of a collection</div></li><li id="A48667" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place the names of secondary authors after the title, following
the type of medium</div></li><li id="A48668" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use the same rules for the format of names presented in <a href="#A48609">Author (artist or photographer)
for Collections</a> above</div></li><li id="A48669" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the last named compiler with a comma and the word compiler
or compilers</div></li><li id="A48670" class="half_rhythm"><div>End secondary author information with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48671"><h4>Specific Rules for Secondary Author</h4>
<ul><li id="A48672" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49408/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49408">Non-English names for
secondary authors</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49408"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49408/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 56" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49408"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49408"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49408/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49408">Box 56</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Non-English names for secondary authors. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="A48673"><h3>Date of Publication for Collections (required)</h3><div id="A48674"><h4>General Rules for Date</h4>
<ul><li id="A48675" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give the date range of the items in the collection</div></li><li id="A48676" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the earliest date of publication, a hyphen, and the latest
date of publication. For example: 2000-2005.</div></li><li id="A48677" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the last year with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48678"><h4>Specific Rules for Date</h4>
<ul><li id="A48679" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49425/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49425">Date estimated</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49425"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49425/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 57" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49425"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49425"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49425/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49425">Box 57</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Date estimated. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48680"><h4>Examples for Date</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48681" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A63413">Print and photograph
collections</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48682"><h3>Physical Description for Collections (optional)</h3><div id="A48683"><h4>General Rules for Physical Description</h4>
<ul><li id="A48684" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give information on the total number and physical characteristics
of the prints, photographs, etc., in the collection, such as 16
photographs: black &#x00026; white, 8 x 10 in. or smaller.</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48685"><h4>Specific Rules for Physical Description</h4>
<ul><li id="A48686" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49432/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49432">Language for describing
physical characteristics</a>
</div></li><li id="A48687" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49444/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49444">More than one type of
medium</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49432"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49432/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 58" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49432"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49432"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49432/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49432">Box 58</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Language for describing physical characteristics. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49444"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49444/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 59" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49444"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49444"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49444/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49444">Box 59</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">More than one type of medium. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48688"><h4>Examples for Physical Description</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48689" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A63413">Print and photograph
collections</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48690"><h3>Library or Other Archive Where Located for Collections (required)</h3><div id="A48691"><h4>General Rules for Library or Other Archive</h4>
<ul><li id="A48692" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter the phrase "Located at" followed by a colon and a space</div></li><li id="A48693" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give the name of the library or archive, preceded by any
subsidiary division, and followed by a comma and a space. For
example: Prints and Photographs Collection, National Library of
Medicine.</div></li><li id="A48694" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow with the name of the city, a comma, and the two-letter
abbreviation for the US state or Canadian province; add the
country if not the US or Canada, either written out or as the
two-letter ISO country code (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a>)</div></li><li id="A48695" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enter a semicolon and any identifying number for the
collection</div></li><li id="A48696" class="half_rhythm"><div>End library information with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48697"><h4>Specific Rules for Library or Other Archive</h4>
<ul><li id="A48698" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49452/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49452">Non-English names for
libraries and archives</a>
</div></li><li id="A48699" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49477/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49477">Locations outside of
the US</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49452"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49452/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 61" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49452"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49452"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49452/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49452">Box 61</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Non-English names for libraries and archives. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49477"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49477/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 62" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49477"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49477"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49477/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49477">Box 62</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Locations outside of the US. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48700"><h4>Examples for Library or Other Archive</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48701" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A63413">Print and photograph
collections</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48702"><h3>Language for Collections (required)</h3><div id="A48703"><h4>General Rules for Language</h4>
<ul><li id="A48704" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give the language of the collection, if not English</div></li><li id="A48705" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize the language name</div></li><li id="A48706" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the language name with a period</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48707"><h4>Specific Rules for Language</h4>
<ul><li id="A48708" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49448/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49448">Collections with items
appearing in more than one language</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49448"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49448/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 60" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49448"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49448"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49448/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49448">Box 60</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Collections with items appearing in more than one language. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48709"><h4>Examples for Language</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48710" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A63413">Print and photograph
collections</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div><div id="A48711"><h3>Notes for Collections (optional)</h3><div id="A48712"><h4>General Rules for Notes</h4>
<ul><li id="A48713" class="half_rhythm"><div>Notes is a collective term for any useful information given after
the citation itself</div></li><li id="A48714" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complete sentences are not required</div></li><li id="A48715" class="half_rhythm"><div>Be brief</div></li></ul>
</div><div id="A48716"><h4>Specific Rules for Notes</h4>
<ul><li id="A48717" class="half_rhythm"><div>
<a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49489/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49489">Types of material to
include in notes</a>
</div></li></ul>
<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col boxed-text" id="figA49489"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49489/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Box 63" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobA49489"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/box-icon.gif" alt="Box Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49489"><a href="/books/NBK7258/box/A49489/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49489">Box 63</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Types of material to include in notes. </p></div></div></div><div id="A48718"><h4>Examples for Notes</h4>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48719" class="half_rhythm"><div>1. <a href="#A63413">Print and photograph
collections</a></div></li></ul>
</div></div></div><div id="A63412"><h2 id="_A63412_">Examples of Citations to Collections of Prints and Photographs</h2><div id="A63413"><h3>1. Print and photograph collections</h3><p>Tabor M. Martha Tabor collection [photographs]. 1985-2006. 155 photographs: black
&#x00026; white. Located at: Prints and Photographs Collection, National Library of
Medicine, Bethesda, MD. Photographs depict contemporary health care
professionals at work.</p><p>Spanish Civil War poster collection [posters]. 1936-1939. 123 posters: color, 213
x 161 cm. or smaller. Located at: Prints and Photographs Division, Library of
Congress, Washington, DC; Card No. 2001697400. Spanish, English, Esperanto,
French. Many artists are represented. Among the more notable or frequently
represented artists are: Jose Bardasano, Carles Fontsere, Aleix Hinsberger, and
Ramon Puyol.</p><p>Patent medicine labels and advertisements [prints]. 1830-1985. 420 prints: black
&#x00026; white and color, 13 x 17 in. or smaller. Located at: Prints &#x00026;
Photographs Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC; LOT 10632. Collection
contains engravings, etchings, lithographs.</p><p>Visual materials from the Blackwell family papers [slides + prints].
1840-circa 1935. 171 items: 28 x 23 cm. or smaller. Located at: Prints &#x00026;
Photographs Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC; LOT 13267. Collection
contains chiefly lantern slides and photographic prints.</p><p>Kase G, compiler (Board of Park Commissioners, Cincinnati, OH). Mt. Airy Forest
collection [prints + slides]. 1928-1954. 549 prints: black &#x00026; white, 9 x
15 cm.; 64 slides: color, 2 x 2 in. Located at: Cincinnati Historical Society
Library, Cincinnati, OH.</p></div></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK7258_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">October 10, 2007</span>; Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">August 11, 2015</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher">National Library of Medicine (US)</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-. Chapter 17, Prints and Photographs. 2007 Oct 10 [Updated 2015 Aug 11].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/citmed/A47102/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/citmed/part4.bxml/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48874"><div id="A48874" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 8</span><span class="title">Author role included</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48875" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Supply the role played by the author, such as artist,
engraver, or photographer, following the author name, if
desired. Note that a printer is not considered an
author.</div></li><li id="A48876" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Separate the name from the role by a comma and a space</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Examples:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48877" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ridley W, engraver. Harvey [print]. London:
[publisher unknown]; 1796. 1 print: black &#x00026;
white.</div></li><li id="A48878" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vedin A, Maliutina O, artists. Prichina-alkogol
[poster]. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Plakat; c1990. 1
poster: color, 66 x 48 cm. Russian.</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A48879" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">If there are multiple authors with differing roles, separate
each author name and role with a semicolon and a space<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48880" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sokolov IS,
author; Ivanov KK, artist. Stydno, diadia!
[For shame, uncle!] [poster]. Moscow:
Ministerstvo Zdravookhraneniia SSSR, Institut
Sanitarnogo Prosveshcheniia; 1964. 1 poster:
color, 56 x 43 cm.
Russian.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48881" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Translate the word found for author, artist, engraver,
photographer, or other role into English, if possible.
However, the wording found on the publication may always be
used.</div></li><li id="A48882" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">To assist in identifying author roles in other languages,
below is a brief list of non-English words for
them:<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figA48883"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A48883/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figA48883" rid-ob="figobA48883"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK7258/table/A48883/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK7258/table/A48883/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A48883"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A48883/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA48883">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobA48883"><div id="A48883" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A48883/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__A48883_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Language</th><th id="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Author</th><th id="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for Artist</th><th id="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Photographer</th><th id="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Engraver</th><th id="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Illustrator</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">French</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">auteur</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">artiste</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">photographe</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">graveur</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">illustrateur</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">graphiste</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">photograveur</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">German</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Verfasser</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Artist</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fotograf</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Graveur</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kunstler</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kupferstecher</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grafiker</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ziseleur</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Italian</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">autore</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">artista</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotografa</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">incisore</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disegnatore</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">graphico</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotografo</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">intagliatore</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotoincisore</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Latin</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">auctor</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pinx</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fecit</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">conditor</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">scriptor</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spanish</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">autor</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">artista</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotografo</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">grabador</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ilustrador</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pintor</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotografa</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pintora</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Russian</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">avtor</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">khudozhnik</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotograf</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">graver</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">konstruktor</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sostavitel</td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A48883_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48756"><div id="A48756" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 1</span><span class="title">Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48757" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep hyphens in surnames<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48758" class="half_rhythm"><div>Estelle
Palmer-Canton;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Palmer-Canton
E</div></li><li id="A48759" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ahmed
El-Assmy;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;El-Assmy
A</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48760" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep particles, such as O', D', and L'<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48761" class="half_rhythm"><div>Alan D.
O'Brien;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O'Brien
AD</div></li><li id="A48762" class="half_rhythm"><div>James
O.
L'Esperance;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L'Esperance
JO</div></li><li id="A48763" class="half_rhythm"><div>U.
S'adeh;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;S'adeh
U</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48764" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit all other punctuation in surnames<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48765" class="half_rhythm"><div>Charles A.
St.
James;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;St
James CA</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48766"><div id="A48766" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 2</span><span class="title">Other surname rules</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48767" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep prefixes in surnames<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48768" class="half_rhythm"><div>Lama Al
Bassit;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Al
Bassit L</div></li><li id="A48769" class="half_rhythm"><div>Jiddeke M. van de
Kamp;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;van
de Kamp JM</div></li><li id="A48770" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gerard de
Pouvourville;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;de
Pouvourville G</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48771" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep compound surnames even if no hyphen appears<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48772" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sergio
Lopez
Moreno;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Lopez
Moreno S</div></li><li id="A48773" class="half_rhythm"><div>Jaime Mier y
Teran;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Mier
y Teran J</div></li><li id="A48774" class="half_rhythm"><div>Virginie Halley des
Fontaines;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Halley
des Fontaines V</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48775" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A48776" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48777" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A48778" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A48779" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A48780" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A48781" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A48782" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A48783" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A48784" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48785" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48786" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A48787" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48788"><div id="A48788" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 3</span><span class="title">Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or
particle</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48789" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disregard hyphens joining given (first or middle) names<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48790" class="half_rhythm"><div>Jean-Louis
Lagrot;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Lagrot
JL</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48791" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use only the first letter of given names and middle names if
they contain a prefix, a preposition, or another
particle<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48792" class="half_rhythm"><div>D'Arcy
Hart;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Hart
D</div></li><li id="A48793" class="half_rhythm"><div>W. St.
John
Patterson;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Patterson
WS</div></li><li id="A48794" class="half_rhythm"><div>De la
Broquerie
Fortier;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Fortier
D</div></li><li id="A48795" class="half_rhythm"><div>Craig
McC.
Brooks;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Brooks
CM</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48796" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disregard traditional abbreviations of given names. Some
non-US publications use abbreviations of conventional given
names rather than single initials, such as St. for Stefan.
Use only the first letter of the abbreviation.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48797" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ch.
Wunderly;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Wunderly
C</div></li><li id="A48798" class="half_rhythm"><div>C. Fr.
Erdman;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Erdman
CF</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48799" class="half_rhythm"><div>For non-English names that have been romanized (written in
the roman alphabet), capitalize only the first letter if the
original initial is represented by more than one letter<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48800" class="half_rhythm"><div>Iu. A.
Iakontov;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Iakontov
IuA</div></li><li id="A48801" class="half_rhythm"><div>G.
Th.
Tsakalos;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Tsakalos
GTh</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48802"><div id="A48802" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 4</span><span class="title">Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48803" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit degrees, titles, and honors such as M.D. following a
personal name<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48804" class="half_rhythm"><div>James A. Reed, M.D.,
F.R.C.S.;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Reed
JA</div></li><li id="A48805" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kristine Schmidt,
Ph.D.;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Schmidt
K</div></li><li id="A48806" class="half_rhythm"><div>Robert
V. Lang, Major, US
Army;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Lang
RV</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48807" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit rank and honors such as Colonel or Sir that precede a
name<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48808" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sir Frances
Hildebrand;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Hildebrand
F</div></li><li id="A48809" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dr.
Jane
Eberhard;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Eberhard
J</div></li><li id="A48810" class="half_rhythm"><div>Captain
R.C.
Williams;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Williams
RC</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48811"><div id="A48811" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 5</span><span class="title">Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48812" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place family designations of rank after the initials, without
punctuation</div></li><li id="A48813" class="half_rhythm"><div>Convert roman numerals to arabic ordinals</div><div>
<i>Examples:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48814" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vincent T. DeVita,
Jr.;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;DeVita
VT Jr</div></li><li id="A48815" class="half_rhythm"><div>James G. Jones
II;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Jones
JG 2nd</div></li><li id="A48816" class="half_rhythm"><div>John A. Adams
III;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Adams
JA 3rd</div></li><li id="A48817" class="half_rhythm"><div>Henry B. Cooper
IV;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Cooper
HB 4th</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48818"><div id="A48818" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 6</span><span class="title">Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or
character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese)</span></h3><p>Romanization, a form of transliteration, means using the roman (Latin)
alphabet to represent the letters or characters of another alphabet. A
good authority for romanization is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC
Romanization Tables</a></i>.</p>
<ul><li id="A48819" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize names if they are in Cyrillic (Russian, Bulgarian,
etc.), Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean, or character-based languages,
such as Chinese and Japanese</div></li><li id="A48820" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize only the first letter of romanized names if the
original initial is represented by more than one letter<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48821" class="half_rhythm"><div>Iu. A.
Iakontov;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Iakontov
IuA</div></li><li id="A48822" class="half_rhythm"><div>G.
Th.
Tsakalos;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Tsakalos
GTh</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48823" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A48824" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48825" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A48826" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A48827" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A48828" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A48829" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A48830" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A48831" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A48832" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48833" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48834" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A48835" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48836"><div id="A48836" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 7</span><span class="title">Organization as author</span></h3><p>An organization such as a university, society, association, corporation,
or governmental body may serve as an author.</p>
<ul><li id="A48837" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit "The" preceding an organizational name<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48838" class="half_rhythm"><div>The
American Cancer
Society;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;American
Cancer Society</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48839" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a division or another part of an organization is included
in the publication, give the parts of the name in descending
hierarchical order, separated by commas<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48840" class="half_rhythm"><div>American
Medical Association, Committee on
Ethics.</div></li><li id="A48841" class="half_rhythm"><div>International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
Division.</div></li><li id="A48842" class="half_rhythm"><div>American College of Surgeons, Committee on
Trauma, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Outcomes, Working
Group.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48843" class="half_rhythm"><div>When citing organizations that are national bodies such as
government agencies, if a nationality is not part of the
name, place the country in parentheses after the name, using
the two-letter ISO country code (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a>)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48844" class="half_rhythm"><div>National Academy of
Sciences (US).</div></li><li id="A48845" class="half_rhythm"><div>Royal Marsden Hospital Bone-Marrow
Transplantation Team
(GB).</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48846" class="half_rhythm"><div>Separate two or more different organizations by a
semicolon<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48847" class="half_rhythm"><div>Canadian Association of Orthodontists;
Canadian Dental
Association.</div></li><li id="A48848" class="half_rhythm"><div>American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on
Pediatric Emergency Medicine; American College of
Emergency Physicians, Pediatric
Committee.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48849" class="half_rhythm"><div>If both individuals and an organization or organizations
appear as authors, use the names of the individuals as the
author and give the organization at the end of the reference
as a note</div></li><li id="A48850" class="half_rhythm"><div>For names of organizations in languages other than
English:<ul><li id="A48851" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give names in languages using the roman
alphabet (primarily European languages, such as
French, Italian, Spanish, German, Swedish, etc.)
as they appear on the publication. Whenever
possible follow a non-English name with a
translation. Place all translations in square
brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48852" class="half_rhythm"><div>Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del
CNR.</div></li><li id="A48853" class="half_rhythm"><div>Universitatsmedizin
Berlin.</div></li><li id="A48854" class="half_rhythm"><div>Nordisk Anaestesiologisk Forening
[Scandinavian Society of
Anaesthesiologists].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48855" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize (write in the roman
alphabet) or translate names of organizations in
Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean. A good
authority for romanization is the
<i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC Romanization Tables</a></i>.
Whenever possible follow a non-English name with a
translation. Place all translations in square
brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48856" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rossiiskoe Respiratornoe
Obshchestvo [Russian Respiratory
Society].</div></li><li id="A48857" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>or</i></div></li><li id="A48858" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Russian Respiratory
Society].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48859" class="half_rhythm"><div>Translate names of organizations in
character-based languages such as Chinese and
Japanese. Place all translations in
square brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48860" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Chinese Medical
Society].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48861" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and
special characters in names. This rule ignores
some conventions used in non-English languages to
simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A48862" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with
diacritics or accents as if they are not
marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48863" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A48864" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A48865" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A48866" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A48867" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A48868" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A48869" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A48870" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48871" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed
as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48872" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A48873" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48884"><div id="A48884" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 9</span><span class="title">No author can be found</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48885" class="half_rhythm"><div>If no person or organization can be identified as the author,
begin the reference with the title of the print or
photograph. Do not use anonymous.</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48886"><div id="A48886" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 10</span><span class="title">Options for author names</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48887" class="half_rhythm"><div>It is not NLM practice for citing authors of prints and
photographs, but the full names of authors may be given.
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48888" class="half_rhythm"><div>Takagi, Yasushi.</div></li><li id="A48889" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mann, Frederick
D.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48890"><div id="A48890" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 11</span><span class="title">Abbreviations in affiliations</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48891" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate commonly used words in affiliations, if desired.
Follow all abbreviated words with a period. <ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48892" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>Examples:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48893" class="half_rhythm"><div>Acad. for Academy</div></li><li id="A48894" class="half_rhythm"><div>Assoc. for
Association</div></li><li id="A48895" class="half_rhythm"><div>Co. for Company</div></li><li id="A48896" class="half_rhythm"><div>Coll. for
College</div></li><li id="A48897" class="half_rhythm"><div>Corp. for
Corporation</div></li><li id="A48898" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dept. for Department</div></li><li id="A48899" class="half_rhythm"><div>Div. for
Division</div></li><li id="A48900" class="half_rhythm"><div>Inst. for Institute or
Institution</div></li><li id="A48901" class="half_rhythm"><div>Soc. for Society</div></li><li id="A48902" class="half_rhythm"><div>Univ. for
University</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A48903" class="half_rhythm"><div>See <a href="/books/n/citmed/appc/?report=reader">Appendix C</a> for
more abbreviations of commonly used English
words.</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A48904" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate names of US states and Canadian provinces using
their official two-letter abbreviations. See <a href="/books/n/citmed/appe/?report=reader">Appendix E</a> for a list
of these.</div></li><li id="A48905" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate names of countries outside of the US and Canada
using the two-letter ISO country code, if desired. See <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a> for codes of
selected countries.</div></li><li id="A48906" class="half_rhythm"><div>Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference in a
list of references, abbreviate the same word in all
references.</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48907"><div id="A48907" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 12</span><span class="title">E-mail address included</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48908" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the US state, Canadian province, or country of the
author with a period and a space</div></li><li id="A48909" class="half_rhythm"><div>Insert the e-mail address as it appears in the
publication</div></li><li id="A48910" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place the e-mail address within the closing parenthesis for
the author affiliation</div></li><li id="A48911" class="half_rhythm"><div>Do not end an e-mail address with a period</div><div>
<i>Example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48912" class="half_rhythm"><div>Patrias K (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda
MD. patrias@nlm.nih.gov).</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48913"><div id="A48913" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 13</span><span class="title">Organizational names for affiliations not in English</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48914" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give the affiliation of all authors or only the first
author</div></li><li id="A48915" class="half_rhythm"><div>Begin with the department and name of the organization,
followed by the city, the two-letter abbreviation for the US
state or Canadian province (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appe/?report=reader">Appendix E</a>), and the country name or
ISO country code (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a>) if non-US. Place the affiliation in
parentheses.</div></li><li id="A48916" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide the name in the original language for non-English
organization names found in the roman alphabet (primarily
European languages, such as French, German, Spanish,
Italian, Swedish, etc.)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48917" class="half_rhythm"><div>Carpentier AF (Service de Neurologie,
Hopital de la Salpetriere, Paris,
France).</div></li><li id="A48918" class="half_rhythm"><div>Marubini E (Istituto di Statistica Medica e
Biometria, Universita degli Studi di Milano,
Milan, Italy).</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48919" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) or translate
organizational names in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean.
A good authority for romanization is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC Romanization
Tables</a></i>.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48920" class="half_rhythm"><div>Barbulescu M (Clinica
Chirurgicala, Spitalul Clinic Coltea, Bucarest,
Romania).</div></li><li id="A48921" class="half_rhythm"><div>Grudinina NA (Institute of Experimental
Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St.
Petersburg, Russia).</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48922" class="half_rhythm"><div>Translate organizational names in character-based languages
(Chinese, Japanese)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48923" class="half_rhythm"><div>Susaki K (First
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu,
Japan).</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48924" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A48925" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48926" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A48927" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A48928" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A48929" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A48930" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A48931" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A48932" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A48933" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48934" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48935" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A48936" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48937" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use the English form of names for cities and countries
whenever possible. For example, Vienna for Wien and Spain
for Espana. However, the name found on the publication may
always be used.</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48938"><div id="A48938" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 14</span><span class="title">Names for cities and countries not in English</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48939" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use the English form for names of cities and countries
whenever possible. However, the name as found on the
publication may always be used.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48940" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moskva&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Moscow</div></li><li id="A48941" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wien&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Vienna</div></li><li id="A48942" class="half_rhythm"><div>Italia&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Italy</div></li><li id="A48943" class="half_rhythm"><div>Espana&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Spain</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48944"><div id="A48944" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 15</span><span class="title">Titles not in English</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48945" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide the title in the original language for non-English
titles found in the roman alphabet (primarily European
languages, such as French, German, Spanish, Italian,
Swedish, etc.)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48946" class="half_rhythm"><div>Le sida se transmet aussi de cette
facon [poster].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48947" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) titles in Cyrillic,
Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean. A good authority for romanization
is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC Romanization
Tables</a></i>.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48948" class="half_rhythm"><div>Drug vodki--vrag
profsoiuza [poster].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48949" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize or translate titles in character-based languages
(Chinese, Japanese). Place translated titles in
square brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48950" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hashika yakubyoyoke
[print].</div></li><li id="A48951" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>or</i></div></li><li id="A48952" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Protector against measles]
[print].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48953" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in titles.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A48954" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48955" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A48956" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A48957" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A48958" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A48959" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A48960" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A48961" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A48962" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48963" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48964" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A48965" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48966" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize only the first word of the title, proper nouns,
proper adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms unless the
conventions of a particular language require other
capitalization<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48967" class="half_rhythm"><div>Methoden der perioperativen
Eigenbluttransfusion
[poster].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48968" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide an English translation after the original language
one if possible; place translations in square brackets<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48969" class="half_rhythm"><div>Trezvost',
zakon dorog [Sobriety, law of the road]
[poster].</div></li><li id="A48970" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hashika yakubyoyoke [Protector against
measles] [print].</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48971"><div id="A48971" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 16</span><span class="title">Titles in more than one language</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48972" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title is presented in two or more languages, give the
titles in the order they are found in the text, with an
equals sign between them. Indicate the languages, separated
by commas, after the date (and physical description, if
given).<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48973" class="half_rhythm"><div>Boillard J, artist; Booth T, sculptor.
Assemblee des vieux garcons = The assembly of old
batchelors [print]. London: Bowles &#x00026; Carver;
[date unknown]. 1 print: color, 16 x 22 cm.
French, English.</div></li><li id="A48974" class="half_rhythm"><div>Girardet E. La consultation = Die
consultation [print]. Paris: Lemercier; [date
unknown]. 1 print: color, 28 x 24 cm. French,
German.</div></li><li id="A48975" class="half_rhythm"><div>Morris, artist. Tobacco or health: choose
health = Le tabac ou la sante: choisissez la sante
= Tabaco o salud: elija la salud [poster]. Geneva:
World Health Organization; 1988. 1 poster: color,
42 x 30 cm. English, French,
Spanish.</div></li><li id="A48976" class="half_rhythm"><div>Padey G, Auberson G. Parlons sante = Let's
talk health! = &#x000a1;Hablemos de la
salud! = Falemos da saude! [poster].
Geneva: World Health Organization; [date unknown].
1 poster: color, 42 x 60 cm. French, English,
Spanish, Portuguese.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48977"><div id="A48977" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 17</span><span class="title">Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another
special character</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48978" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize the first word of a title unless the title begins
with a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special
character that might lose its meaning if capitalized<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48979" class="half_rhythm"><div>1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
[print].</div></li><li id="A48980" class="half_rhythm"><div>von Willebrand disease incidence
[print].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48981" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title contains a Greek letter or some other symbol that
cannot be reproduced with the type fonts available,
substitute the name for the symbol. For example, &#x003a9;
becomes omega.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48982" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enantioselective synthesis of
&#x003b2;-amino acids
[print].</div></li><li id="A48983" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>may
become</i></div></li><li id="A48984" class="half_rhythm"><div>Enantioselective synthesis of
beta-amino acids
[print].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48985" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title contains superscripts or subscripts that cannot be
reproduced with the type fonts available, place the
superscript or subscript in parentheses<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48986" class="half_rhythm"><div>TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles
[print].</div></li><li id="A48987" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>may
become</i></div></li><li id="A48988" class="half_rhythm"><div>TiO(2) nanoparticles
[print].</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48989"><div id="A48989" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 18</span><span class="title">Titles ending in punctuation other than a period</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A48990" class="half_rhythm"><div>Most titles end in a period. Place [print], [photograph],
[poster], etc., inside the period.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48991" class="half_rhythm"><div>Day J. Dying before their
time: early death &#x00026; AIDS [poster]. Farmington
(CT): University of Connecticut School of
Medicine, Section of Medical Arts &#x00026; Letters;
1988. 1 poster: color, 21 x 14
in.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A48992" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title ends in another form of punctuation, keep that
punctuation and follow [print], [photograph], [poster],
etc., with a period<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A48993" class="half_rhythm"><div>AIDS is over, right? [poster]. New
York: Visual AIDS; 1998. 1 poster: color, 24 x 35
in.</div></li><li id="A48994" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gillray J. The cow pock-or-the wonderful
effects of the new inoculation! [print].
London: H. Humphrey; 1802 Jun 12. 1 print:
etching, color, 9 x 14
in.</div></li><li id="A48995" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sokolov
IS, author; Ivanov KK, artist. Stydno,
diadia! [For shame, uncle!] [poster].
Moscow: Ministerstvo Zdravookhraneniia SSSR,
Institut Sanitarnogo Prosveshcheniia; 1964. 1
poster: color, 56 x 43 cm.
Russian.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA48996"><div id="A48996" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 19</span><span class="title">No title can be found</span></h3><p>A print or a photograph often will have no title, either on the face of
the item or on its reverse.</p>
<ul><li id="A48997" class="half_rhythm"><div>Construct a title that describes the image shown</div></li><li id="A48998" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use enough words to make the constructed title meaningful</div></li><li id="A48999" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place the constructed title in square brackets</div><div>
<i>Examples:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49000" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Interior view of the ear] [poster].</div></li><li id="A49001" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Floor plans for laboratory] [print].</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49002"><div id="A49002" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 20</span><span class="title">Titles ending in punctuation other than a period</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49003" class="half_rhythm"><div>Most titles end in a period. Place [print], [photograph],
[poster], etc., inside the period.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49004" class="half_rhythm"><div>Day J. Dying before their
time: early death &#x00026; AIDS [poster]. Farmington
(CT): University of Connecticut School of
Medicine, Section of Medical Arts &#x00026; Letters;
1988. 1 poster: color, 21 x 14
in.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49005" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title ends in another form of punctuation, keep that
punctuation and follow [print], [photograph], [poster],
etc., with a period<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49006" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gillray J. The cow pock-or-the
wonderful effects of the new inoculation!
[print]. London: H. Humphrey; 1802 Jun 12. 1
print: etching, color, 9 x 14
in.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49007" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a translation of a title is provided, place the specific
name for the type of medium in square brackets following the
translation<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49008" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sokolov IS, author; Ivanov KK,
artist. Stydno, diadia! [For shame,
uncle!] [poster]. Moscow: Ministerstvo
Zdravookhraneniia SSSR, Institut Sanitarnogo
Prosveshcheniia; 1964. 1 poster: color, 56 x 43
cm. Russian. Shows man smoking in front of a young
boy.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49009"><div id="A49009" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 21</span><span class="title">Titles not in English</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49010" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a translation of a title is provided, place the name for
the type of medium in square brackets following the
translation <ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49011" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sokolov IS, author; Ivanov KK, artist. Stydno,
diadia! [For shame, uncle!] [poster].
Moscow: Ministerstvo Zdravookhraneniia SSSR,
Institut Sanitarnogo Prosveshcheniia; 1964. 1
poster: color, 56 x 43 cm. Russian. Shows man
smoking in front of a young
boy.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49012"><div id="A49012" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 22</span><span class="title">Non-English words for editions</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49013" class="half_rhythm"><div>Translate all words used for edition into English</div></li><li id="A49014" class="half_rhythm"><div>To help identify words used in other languages, below is a
brief list of Non-English words for editions with their
abbreviations, if any (n.a. = not abbreviated):<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figA49015"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A49015/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figA49015" rid-ob="figobA49015"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK7258/table/A49015/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK7258/table/A49015/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49015"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A49015/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49015">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobA49015"><div id="A49015" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A49015/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__A49015_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Language</th><th id="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Edition</th><th id="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Abbreviation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Danish</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">oplag</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">n.a.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">udgave</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dutch</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">uitgave</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">uitg.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editie</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ed.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Finnish</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">julkaisu</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">julk.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">French</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">edition</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ed.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">German</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ausgabe</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ausg.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Auflage</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aufl.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Greek</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ekdosis</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ekd.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Italian</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">edizione</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ed.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Norwegian</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">publikasjon</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">publ.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">utgave</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">utg.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Portuguese</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">edicao</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ed.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Russian</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">izdanie</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">izd.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">publikacija</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">publ.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spanish</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">edicion</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ed.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">publicacion</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">publ.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Swedish</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">upplaga</td><td headers="hd_h_A49015_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">n.a.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49016"><div id="A49016" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 23</span><span class="title">Non-US cities</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49017" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use the anglicized form of a city name, such as Rome for Roma
and Moscow for Moskva. However, the name as found on the
publication may always be used.</div></li><li id="A49018" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A49019" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49020" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A49021" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A49022" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A49023" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A49024" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A49025" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A49026" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A49027" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49028" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49029" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A49030" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49031" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for
the name of the province (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appe/?report=reader">Appendix E</a>), placed in
parentheses:<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49032" class="half_rhythm"><div>Montreal
(QC):</div></li><li id="A49033" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ottawa (ON):</div></li><li id="A49034" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vancouver
(BC):</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49035" class="half_rhythm"><div>For cities in other countries, if the city is not well known
or could be confused with another city of the same name,
follow the city with the country name, either written in
full or as the two-letter ISO country code (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a>). Place the
country name or code in parentheses.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49036" class="half_rhythm"><div>London:</div></li><li id="A49037" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rome:</div></li><li id="A49038" class="half_rhythm"><div>Paris:</div></li><li id="A49039" class="half_rhythm"><div>Madrid:</div></li><li id="A49040" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>but</i></div></li><li id="A49041" class="half_rhythm"><div>Malaga
(Spain):&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>or</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Malaga
(ES):</div></li><li id="A49042" class="half_rhythm"><div>Basel
(Switzerland):&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>or</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Basel
(CH):</div></li><li id="A49043" class="half_rhythm"><div>Oxford
(England):&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>or</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Oxford
(GB):</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49044" class="half_rhythm"><div>As an option, use the country name or country code after all
cities not in the US or Canada</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49045"><div id="A49045" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 24</span><span class="title">No place of publication can be found</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49046" class="half_rhythm"><div>If no place of publication can be found on the print or
photograph, but one can be reasonably inferred (e.g.,
Chicago as the place for a publication of the American
Medical Association), place the city in square brackets,
such as [Chicago].<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49047" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kennedy RA. [Christian B. Anfinsen]
[photograph]. [Bethesda (MD)]: National Institutes
of Health (US), Photographic Research Section;
[1952?]. 1 print: black &#x00026;
white.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49048" class="half_rhythm"><div>If no place of publication can be found or inferred, use
[place unknown]<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49049" class="half_rhythm"><div>Blossom D. Tufts University School of
Medicine [photograph]. [place unknown]: E.R.
Squibb &#x00026; Sons; c1966. 1 photograph: color, 11
x 14 in.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49050"><div id="A49050" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 25</span><span class="title">Abbreviated words in publisher names</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49051" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate commonly used words in publisher names, if desired
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A63414" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>Examples:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49052" class="half_rhythm"><div>Acad. for Academy</div></li><li id="A49053" class="half_rhythm"><div>Assoc. for
Association</div></li><li id="A49054" class="half_rhythm"><div>Co. for Company</div></li><li id="A49055" class="half_rhythm"><div>Coll. for
College</div></li><li id="A49056" class="half_rhythm"><div>Corp. for
Corporation</div></li><li id="A49057" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dept. for Department</div></li><li id="A49058" class="half_rhythm"><div>Div. for
Division</div></li><li id="A49059" class="half_rhythm"><div>Inst. for Institute or
Institution</div></li><li id="A49060" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ltd. for Limited</div></li><li id="A49061" class="half_rhythm"><div>Soc. for
Society</div></li><li id="A49062" class="half_rhythm"><div>Univ. for University</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A63415" class="half_rhythm"><div>See <a href="/books/n/citmed/appc/?report=reader">Appendix C</a> for
more abbreviations of commonly used English
words</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A49063" class="half_rhythm"><div>Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference in a
list of references, abbreviate the same word in all
references.</div></li><li id="A49064" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow all abbreviated words with a period</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49065"><div id="A49065" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 26</span><span class="title">Non-English names for publishers</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49066" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give publisher names appearing in the roman alphabet (French,
Spanish, Italian, etc.) in their original language<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49067" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rome:
Societa Editrice
Universo;</div></li><li id="A49068" class="half_rhythm"><div>Lisbon: Imprensa
Medica;</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49069" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize names given in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49070" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sofia
(Bulgaria): Sofia Medizina i
Fizkultura;</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49071" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize names or translate names presented in
character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese). Place
all translated publisher names in square brackets unless the
translation is given in the publication.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49072" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tokyo:
Medikaru Rebyusha;</div></li><li id="A49073" class="half_rhythm"><div>Beijing (China): [Chinese Academy of
Social Sciences, Population Research
Institute];</div></li><li id="A49074" class="half_rhythm"><div>Taiyuan (China): Shanxi ke xue ji she chu ban
she;</div></li></ul></div><div>[Note that the concept of capitalization does not exist in
Chinese. Therefore in transliterating Chinese publisher
names only the first word and proper nouns are
capitalized.]</div></li><li id="A49075" class="half_rhythm"><div>If the name of a division or another part of an organization
is included in the publisher information, give the names in
hierarchical order from highest to lowest.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49076" class="half_rhythm"><div>Valencia
(Spain): Universidade de Valencia, Instituto de
Historia de la Ciencia y Documentacion Lopez
Pinero;</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49077" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A49078" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49079" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A49080" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A49081" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A49082" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A49083" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A49084" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A49085" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A49086" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49087" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49088" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A49089" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49090" class="half_rhythm"><div>If desired, follow a non-English name with a translation.
Place all translated publisher names in square
brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49091" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aarhus (Denmark): Aarhus-Universitetsforlag
[Aarhus University
Press];</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49092" class="half_rhythm"><div>As an option, you may translate all publisher names not in
English. Place all translated publisher names in square
brackets unless the translation is given in the
publication.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49093" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aarhus (Denmark): [Aarhus University
Press];</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49094"><div id="A49094" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 27</span><span class="title">Government agencies and other national and international bodies as
publisher</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49095" class="half_rhythm"><div>When citing publishers that are national bodies such as
government agencies, if a nationality is not part of the
name, place the country in parentheses after the name, using
the two-letter ISO country code (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a>)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49096" class="half_rhythm"><div>National Cancer Institute
(US)</div></li><li id="A49097" class="half_rhythm"><div>National Society on Alcoholism and Drug
Dependence (NZ)</div></li><li id="A49098" class="half_rhythm"><div>Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd.
(GB)</div></li><li id="A49099" class="half_rhythm"><div>Royal College of Physicians (AU), Paediatrics
&#x00026; Child Health
Division</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49100" class="half_rhythm"><div>Do not confuse the publisher with the distributor, which
disseminates documents for the publisher. For example, the
most common distributors of US government agency
publications are the US Government Printing Office (GPO) and
the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Designate
the agency or other organization that issued the print or
photograph as the publisher and include distributor
information as a note, preceded by "Available from: ".<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49101" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tips to
protect children from environmental risks
[poster]. Washington: Environmental Protection
Agency (US); [2002?]. 1 poster: color, 5.75 x 9.75
in. Available from: US Government Printing Office;
EP 1.48:T 49/CHART.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49102"><div id="A49102" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 28</span><span class="title">No publisher can be found</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49103" class="half_rhythm"><div>If no publisher can be found, use [publisher unknown]<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49104" class="half_rhythm"><div>Spellman
DD. [Hugo A. Freund] [photograph]. Detroit:
[publisher unknown]; c1948. 1 photograph: black
&#x00026; white.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49105"><div id="A49105" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 29</span><span class="title">Non-English names for months</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49106" class="half_rhythm"><div>Translate names of months into English</div></li><li id="A49107" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate them using the first three letters</div></li><li id="A49108" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize them</div><div>
<i>For example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49109" class="half_rhythm"><div>mayo = May</div></li><li id="A49110" class="half_rhythm"><div>luty = Feb</div></li><li id="A49111" class="half_rhythm"><div>brezen = Mar</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49112"><div id="A49112" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 30</span><span class="title">Seasons instead of months</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49113" class="half_rhythm"><div>Translate names of seasons into English</div></li><li id="A49114" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize them</div></li><li id="A49115" class="half_rhythm"><div>Do not abbreviate them</div><div>
<i>For example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49116" class="half_rhythm"><div>balvan = Summer</div></li><li id="A49117" class="half_rhythm"><div>outomno = Fall</div></li><li id="A49118" class="half_rhythm"><div>hiver = Winter</div></li><li id="A49119" class="half_rhythm"><div>pomlad = Spring</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49120"><div id="A49120" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 31</span><span class="title">Date of publication and date of copyright</span></h3><p>Some publications have both a year of publication and a year of
copyright. A copyright date is identified by the symbol &#x000a9;, the
letter "c", or the word copyright preceding the date.</p>
<ul><li id="A49121" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use only the year of publication unless three or more years
separates the two dates</div></li><li id="A49122" class="half_rhythm"><div>In the above situation, use both dates, beginning with the
year of publication</div></li><li id="A49123" class="half_rhythm"><div>Precede the date of copyright by the letter "c"</div></li><li id="A49124" class="half_rhythm"><div>Separate the dates by a comma and a space. For example, 2002,
c1997.</div></li></ul>
<p>This convention alerts a user that the information in the publication is
older than the year of publication implies.</p></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49125"><div id="A49125" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 32</span><span class="title">No date of publication, but a date of copyright</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49126" class="half_rhythm"><div>A copyright date is identified by the symbol &#x000a9;, the
letter "c", or the word copyright preceding the date. If no
date of publication can be found, but the publication
contains a date of copyright, use the date of copyright
preceded by the letter "c"; for example c2005.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49127" class="half_rhythm"><div>Day J.
Dying before their time: early death &#x00026; AIDS
[poster]. Farmington (CT): University of
Connecticut School of Medicine, Section of Medical
Arts &#x00026; Letters; c1988. 1 poster: color, 21 x
14 in.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49128"><div id="A49128" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 33</span><span class="title">No date of publication or copyright can be found</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49129" class="half_rhythm"><div>If neither a date of publication nor a date of copyright can
be found, but a date can be estimated because of material
contained on the item itself or on accompanying material,
place a question mark after the estimated date and place
date information in square brackets<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49130" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kennedy RA. [Christian B.
Anfinsen] [photograph]. [Bethesda (MD): National
Institutes of Health (US), Photographic Research
Section; [1952?]. 1 print: black &#x00026;
white.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49131" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a specific year cannot be estimated, but an approximate
date or range of years can be reasonably inferred, precede
the date or date range with the word "circa" and place date
information in square brackets. For example, circa 1800 and
circa 1950s.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49132" class="half_rhythm"><div>First aid packet: first aid help for wounds
[print]. [place unknown: publisher unknown; circa
1900]. Located at: Prints and Photographs
Collection, National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD; Order No.:
A022483.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49133" class="half_rhythm"><div>If neither a date of publication nor a date of copyright can
be found nor can the date be estimated, use [date
unknown]<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49134" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Martin Freligh][print]. Philadelphia: Galaxy
Pub. Co.; [date unknown]. 1 print: black &#x00026;
white.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49135"><div id="A49135" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 33a</span><span class="title">Options for date of publication</span></h3><p>It is not NLM policy, but the following is an acceptable option:</p><p>The date of publication may follow the author names (or title if there is
no author) in the list of references when the name-year system of
in-text references is used</p>
<ul><li id="A49136" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Use the year of publication only</div></li><li id="A49137" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Place the year after the last named author (or title and type
of medium if there is no author), followed by a period</div></li><li id="A49138" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">End publisher information with a period</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>NLM citation:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49139" class="half_rhythm"><div>Day J. Dying before their time: early death &#x00026;
AIDS [poster]. Farmington (CT): University of
Connecticut School of Medicine, Section of Medical
Arts &#x00026; Letters; 1988. 1 poster: color, 14 x 21
in.</div></li><li id="A49140" class="half_rhythm"><div>The world's debt to Pasteur [poster]. Edition:
1000. Philadelphia: Wistar Institute; c1984. 1
poster: color, 9 x 13 in.</div></li><li id="A49141" class="half_rhythm"><div>Observation of bacterial growths in medium to
study their effects on teeth [photograph].
[Bethesda (MD)]: National Institute of Dental
Research (US); [date unknown]. 1 photograph: black
&#x00026; white, 8 x 10 in.</div></li></ul>
</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Name-year system of citation:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49142" class="half_rhythm"><div>Day J. 1988. Dying before their time: early death
&#x00026; AIDS [poster]. Farmington (CT): University
of Connecticut School of Medicine, Section of
Medical Arts &#x00026; Letters. 1 poster: color, 14 x
21 in.</div></li><li id="A49143" class="half_rhythm"><div>The world's debt to Pasteur [poster]. c1984.
Edition: 1000. Philadelphia: Wistar Institute. 1
poster: color, 9 x 13 in.</div></li><li id="A49144" class="half_rhythm"><div>Observation of bacterial growths in medium to
study their effects on teeth [photograph]. [date
unknown]. [Bethesda (MD)]: National Institute of
Dental Research (US). 1 photograph: black &#x00026;
white, 8 x 10 in.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49145"><div id="A49145" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 34</span><span class="title">Language for describing physical characteristics</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49146" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Begin with information on the number and type of physical
pieces, followed by a colon and a space <ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49147" class="half_rhythm"><div>1
photograph:</div></li><li id="A49148" class="half_rhythm"><div>3 posters:</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A49149" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Enter information on the physical characteristics, such as
color and size. Abbreviate common words for measurement,
such as in. for inches and cm. for centimeters. Separate
types of information by commas.</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Typical words used include:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49150" class="half_rhythm"><div>color</div></li><li id="A49151" class="half_rhythm"><div>black &#x00026; white</div></li></ul>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49152" class="half_rhythm"><div>8 x 10 in. (size)</div></li><li id="A49153" class="half_rhythm"><div>21 x 26 cm. (size)</div></li></ul>
</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Examples of complete physical description
statements:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49154" class="half_rhythm"><div>1 print: color, 9 x 14 in.</div></li><li id="A49155" class="half_rhythm"><div>1 poster: color, 51 x 76 cm.</div></li><li id="A49156" class="half_rhythm"><div>1 poster: black &#x00026; white with color, 12 x 19
in.</div></li><li id="A49157" class="half_rhythm"><div>1 photograph: color, 11 x 14 in.</div></li><li id="A49158" class="half_rhythm"><div>1 photograph: black &#x00026; white, 8 x 10 in.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49159"><div id="A49159" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 35</span><span class="title">Titles appearing in more than one language</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49160" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">If a print or photograph has titles appearing in two or more
equal languages, give the titles in the order they are
presented in the text, with an equals sign between them</div></li><li id="A49161" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Indicate the particular languages, separated by a comma,
after the physical description</div></li><li id="A49162" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">End language information with a period</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Examples:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49163" class="half_rhythm"><div>Boillard J, artist; Booth T, sculptor. Assemblee
des vieux garcons = The assembly of old batchelors
[print]. London: Bowles &#x00026; Carver; [date
unknown]. 1 print: color, 16 x 22 cm. French,
English.</div></li><li id="A49164" class="half_rhythm"><div>Padey G, Auberson G. Parlons sante! = Let's
talk health! = &#x000a1;Hablemos de la
salud! = Falemos da saude! [poster].
Geneva: World Health Organization; [date unknown].
1 poster: color, 42 x 60 cm. French, English,
Spanish, Portuguese.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49165"><div id="A49165" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 36</span><span class="title">Information on the location of the print or photograph</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49166" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">If the print or photograph is unusual, give the name of a
library or other archive where it may be found, including
the city, the state/province/country, and any catalog or
other finding number</div></li><li id="A49167" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Begin with the phrase "Located at" followed by a colon and a
space</div></li><li id="A49168" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">End with a period</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49169" class="half_rhythm"><div>Lamsvelt J. Johan Freyer [print]. [place,
publisher, date unknown]. 1 print: black &#x00026;
white. Located at: Prints and Photographs
Collection, National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, MD; Order No. B012357.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49170"><div id="A49170" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 37</span><span class="title">Other types of material to include in notes</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49171" class="half_rhythm"><div>The notes element may be used to provide any information that
the compiler of the reference feels is useful to the reader.
Begin by citing the print or photograph, then add the note.
Some examples of notes are:<ul><li id="A49172" class="half_rhythm"><div>The name of the
printer<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49173" class="half_rhythm"><div>Nunney, artist. Learning to be
doctors in Fiji [poster]. New York: British
Information Services; [date unknown]. 1 poster:
color, 51 x 76 cm. Printed by Alf Cooke
Ltd.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49174" class="half_rhythm"><div>If the print or photograph was
sponsored by or prepared for a particular
organization, give the name<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49175" class="half_rhythm"><div>Baron
DA, photographer. Would you be more careful if it
was you that got pregnant? [poster]. California:
Pharmacists Planning Service, Inc.; c1986. 1
poster: halftone, 11 x 17 in. Sponsored by Clinica
de la Raza, Oakland,
California.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49176" class="half_rhythm"><div>If the print or photograph contains
material of particular interest to the audience
that may not be apparent from the title, describe
it<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49177" class="half_rhythm"><div>Spellman DD. [Hugo A. Freund] [photograph].
Detroit: [publisher unknown]; c1948. 1 photograph:
black &#x00026; white. Autographed; letter
attached.</div></li><li id="A49178" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Floor plans for laboratory] [print].
[Washington]: Army (US), Office of the
Surgeon-General; [date unknown]. 1 print: black
&#x00026; white, 7 x 9 in. G12 surgical building for
2000 bed hospital.</div></li><li id="A49179" class="half_rhythm"><div>Jenner E. [The hand Jenner used as
a source for his vaccine] [print]. Milan (Italy):
Lier; 1923. 1 print: black &#x00026; white. Facsimile
of 1798
edition.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49298"><div id="A49298" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 45</span><span class="title">Author role included</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49299" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Supply the role played by the author, such as artist,
engraver, or photographer, following the author name, if
desired. Note that a printer is not considered an
author.</div></li><li id="A49300" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Separate the name from the role by a comma and a space</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Examples:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49301" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tabor M, photographer.</div></li><li id="A49302" class="half_rhythm"><div>Riley J, artist.</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A49303" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">If there are multiple authors with differing roles, separate
each author name and role with a semicolon and a space<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49304" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sokolov IS,
author; Ivanov KK,
artist.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49305" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Translate the word found for author, artist, engraver,
photographer, or other role into English whenever possible.
However, the wording found on the publication may always be
used.</div></li><li id="A49306" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">To assist in identifying author roles in other languages,
below is a brief list of non-English words for
them:<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figA49307"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A49307/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figA49307" rid-ob="figobA49307"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK7258/table/A49307/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK7258/table/A49307/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49307"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A49307/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49307">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobA49307"><div id="A49307" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A49307/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__A49307_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Language</th><th id="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Author</th><th id="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for Artist</th><th id="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Photographer</th><th id="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Engraver</th><th id="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Illustrator</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">French</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">auteur</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">artiste</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">photographe</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">graveur</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">illustrateur</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">graphiste</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">photograveur</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">German</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Verfasser</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Artist</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fotograf</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Graveur</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kunstler</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kupferstecher</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grafiker</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ziseleur</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Italian</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">autore</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">artista</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotografa</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">incisore</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disegnatore</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">graphico</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotografo</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intagliatore</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotoincisore</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Latin</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">auctor</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pinx</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fecit</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">conditor</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">scriptor</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spanish</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">autor</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">artista</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotografo</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">grabador</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ilustrador</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pintor</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotografa</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pintora</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Russian</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">avtor</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">khudozhnik</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fotograf</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">graver</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">konstruktor</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sostavitel</td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49307_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49180"><div id="A49180" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 38</span><span class="title">Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49181" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep hyphens in surnames<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49182" class="half_rhythm"><div>Estelle
Palmer-Canton;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Palmer-Canton
E</div></li><li id="A49183" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ahmed
El-Assmy;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;El-Assmy
A</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49184" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep particles, such as O', D', and L'<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49185" class="half_rhythm"><div>Alan D.
O'Brien;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O'Brien
AD</div></li><li id="A49186" class="half_rhythm"><div>James
O.
L'Esperance;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L'Esperance
JO</div></li><li id="A49187" class="half_rhythm"><div>U.
S'adeh;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;S'adeh
U</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49188" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit all other punctuation in surnames<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49189" class="half_rhythm"><div>Charles A.
St.
James;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;St
James CA</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49190"><div id="A49190" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 39</span><span class="title">Other surname rules</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49191" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep prefixes in surnames<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49192" class="half_rhythm"><div>Lama Al
Bassit;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Al
Bassit L</div></li><li id="A49193" class="half_rhythm"><div>Jiddeke M. van de
Kamp;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;van
de Kamp JM</div></li><li id="A49194" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gerard de
Pouvourville;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;de
Pouvourville G</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49195" class="half_rhythm"><div>Keep compound surnames even if no hyphen appears<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49196" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sergio
Lopez
Moreno;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Lopez
Moreno S</div></li><li id="A49197" class="half_rhythm"><div>Jaime Mier y
Teran;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Mier
y Teran J</div></li><li id="A49198" class="half_rhythm"><div>Virginie Halley des
Fontaines;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Halley
des Fontaines V</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49199" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A49200" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49201" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A49202" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A49203" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A49204" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A49205" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A49206" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A49207" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A49208" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49209" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49210" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A49211" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49212"><div id="A49212" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 40</span><span class="title">Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or
particle</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49213" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disregard hyphens joining given (first or middle) names<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49214" class="half_rhythm"><div>Jean-Louis
Lagrot;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Lagrot
JL</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49215" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use only the first letter of given names and middle names if
they contain a prefix, a preposition, or another
particle<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49216" class="half_rhythm"><div>D'Arcy
Hart;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Hart
D</div></li><li id="A49217" class="half_rhythm"><div>W. St.
John
Patterson;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Patterson
WS</div></li><li id="A49218" class="half_rhythm"><div>De la
Broquerie
Fortier;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Fortier
D</div></li><li id="A49219" class="half_rhythm"><div>Craig
McC.
Brooks;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Brooks
CM</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49220" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disregard traditional abbreviations of given names. Some
non-US publications use abbreviations of conventional given
names rather than single initials, such as St. for Stefan.
Use only the first letter of the abbreviation.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49221" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ch.
Wunderly;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Wunderly
C</div></li><li id="A49222" class="half_rhythm"><div>C. Fr.
Erdman;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Erdman
CF</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49223" class="half_rhythm"><div>For non-English names that have been romanized (written in
the roman alphabet), capitalize only the first letter if the
original initial is represented by more than one letter<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49224" class="half_rhythm"><div>Iu. A.
Iakontov;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Iakontov
IuA</div></li><li id="A49225" class="half_rhythm"><div>G.
Th.
Tsakalos;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Tsakalos
GTh</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49226"><div id="A49226" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 41</span><span class="title">Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49227" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit degrees, titles, and honors such as M.D. following a
personal name<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49228" class="half_rhythm"><div>James A. Reed, M.D.,
F.R.C.S.;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Reed
JA</div></li><li id="A49229" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kristine Schmidt,
Ph.D.;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Schmidt
K</div></li><li id="A49230" class="half_rhythm"><div>Robert
V. Lang, Major, US
Army;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Lang
RV</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49231" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit rank and honors such as Colonel or Sir that precede a
name<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49232" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sir Frances
Hildebrand;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Hildebrand
F</div></li><li id="A49233" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dr.
Jane
Eberhard;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Eberhard
J</div></li><li id="A49234" class="half_rhythm"><div>Captain
R.C.
Williams;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Williams
RC</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49235"><div id="A49235" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 42</span><span class="title">Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49236" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place family designations of rank after the initials, without
punctuation</div></li><li id="A49237" class="half_rhythm"><div>Convert roman numerals to arabic ordinals</div><div>
<i>Examples:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49238" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vincent T. DeVita,
Jr.;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;DeVita
VT Jr</div></li><li id="A49239" class="half_rhythm"><div>James G. Jones
II;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Jones
JG 2nd</div></li><li id="A49240" class="half_rhythm"><div>John A. Adams
III;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Adams
JA 3rd</div></li><li id="A49241" class="half_rhythm"><div>Henry B. Cooper
IV;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Cooper
HB 4th</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49242"><div id="A49242" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 43</span><span class="title">Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or
character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese)</span></h3><p>Romanization, a form of transliteration, means using the roman (Latin)
alphabet to represent the letters or characters of another alphabet. A
good authority for romanization is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC
Romanization Tables</a></i>.</p>
<ul><li id="A49243" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize names in Cyrillic (Russian, Bulgarian, etc.), Greek,
Arabic, Hebrew, Korean, or character-based languages, such as
Chinese and Japanese</div></li><li id="A49244" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize only the first letter of romanized names if the
original initial is represented by more than one letter<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49245" class="half_rhythm"><div>Iu. A.
Iakontov;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Iakontov
IuA</div></li><li id="A49246" class="half_rhythm"><div>G.
Th.
Tsakalos;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Tsakalos
GTh</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49247" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A49248" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49249" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A49250" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A49251" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A49252" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A49253" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A49254" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A49255" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A49256" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49257" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49258" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A49259" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49260"><div id="A49260" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 44</span><span class="title">Organization as author</span></h3><p>An organization such as a university, society, association, corporation,
or governmental body may serve as an author.</p>
<ul><li id="A49261" class="half_rhythm"><div>Omit "The" preceding an organizational name<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49262" class="half_rhythm"><div>The
American Cancer
Society;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;American
Cancer Society</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49263" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a division or another part of an organization is included
in the publication, give the parts of the name in descending
hierarchical order, separated by commas<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49264" class="half_rhythm"><div>American
Medical Association, Committee on
Ethics.</div></li><li id="A49265" class="half_rhythm"><div>International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
Division.</div></li><li id="A49266" class="half_rhythm"><div>American College of Surgeons, Committee on
Trauma, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Outcomes, Working
Group.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49267" class="half_rhythm"><div>When citing organizations that are national bodies such as
government agencies, if a nationality is not part of the
name, place the country in parentheses after the name, using
the two-letter ISO country code (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a>)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49268" class="half_rhythm"><div>National Academy of
Sciences (US).</div></li><li id="A49269" class="half_rhythm"><div>Royal Marsden Hospital Bone-Marrow
Transplantation Team
(GB).</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49270" class="half_rhythm"><div>Separate two or more different organizations by a
semicolon<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49271" class="half_rhythm"><div>Canadian Association of Orthodontists;
Canadian Dental
Association.</div></li><li id="A49272" class="half_rhythm"><div>American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on
Pediatric Emergency Medicine; American College of
Emergency Physicians, Pediatric
Committee.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49273" class="half_rhythm"><div>If both individuals and an organization or organizations
appear as authors, use the names of the individuals as the
author and give the organization at the end of the reference
as a note</div></li><li id="A49274" class="half_rhythm"><div>For names of organizations in languages other than
English:<ul><li id="A49275" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give names in languages using the roman
alphabet (primarily European languages, such as
French, Italian, Spanish, German, Swedish, etc.)
as they appear on the publication. Whenever
possible follow a non-English name with a
translation. Place all translations in square
brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49276" class="half_rhythm"><div>Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del
CNR.</div></li><li id="A49277" class="half_rhythm"><div>Universitatsmedizin
Berlin.</div></li><li id="A49278" class="half_rhythm"><div>Nordisk Anaestesiologisk Forening
[Scandinavian Society of
Anaesthesiologists].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49279" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize (write in the roman
alphabet) or translate names of organizations in
Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean. A good
authority for romanization is the
<i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC Romanization Tables</a></i>.
Whenever possible follow a non-English name with a
translation. Place all translations in square
brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49280" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rossiiskoe Respiratornoe
Obshchestvo [Russian Respiratory
Society].</div></li><li id="A49281" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>or</i></div></li><li id="A49282" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Russian Respiratory
Society].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49283" class="half_rhythm"><div>Translate names of organizations in
character-based languages such as Chinese and
Japanese. Place all translations in
square brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49284" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Chinese Medical
Society].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49285" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and
special characters in names. This rule ignores
some conventions used in non-English languages to
simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A49286" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with
diacritics or accents as if they are not
marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49287" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A49288" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A49289" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A49290" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A49291" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A49292" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A49293" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A49294" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49295" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed
as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49296" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A49297" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49308"><div id="A49308" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 46</span><span class="title">Compiler instead of an author</span></h3><p>A compiler is someone who collects and organizes the work of others.</p>
<ul><li id="A49309" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Place the name of a compiler in the author position when the
collection consists of the works of various individuals or
organizations</div></li><li id="A49310" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Follow the same rules as used for author names</div></li><li id="A49311" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Separate the names of multiple compilers with a comma</div></li><li id="A49312" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Follow the name of a single compiler or the last named
compiler with a comma and the word compiler or compilers</div></li><li id="A49313" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">End compiler information with a period</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49314" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kase G, compiler. Mt. Airy Forest collection
[prints + slides]. 1928-1954. 549 prints:
black &#x00026; white, 9 x 15 cm.; 64 slides: color, 2
x 2 in. Located at: Cincinnati Historical Society
Library, Cincinnati, OH.</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A49315" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">If there are both an author and a compiler, place the
compiler in the secondary author position, following the
title and type of medium</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49316"><div id="A49316" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 47</span><span class="title">No author can be found</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49317" class="half_rhythm"><div>If no person or organization can be identified as the author,
begin the reference with the title of the print or
photograph. Do not use anonymous.</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49318"><div id="A49318" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 48</span><span class="title">Options for author names</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49319" class="half_rhythm"><div>The following format is not NLM practice for citing authors
of collections, but the full names of authors may be given
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49320" class="half_rhythm"><div>Takagi, Yasushi.</div></li><li id="A49321" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mann, Frederick
D.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49322"><div id="A49322" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 49</span><span class="title">Abbreviations in affiliations</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49323" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate commonly used words in affiliations, if desired.
Follow all abbreviated words with a period. <ul class="simple-list"><li id="A63416" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>Examples:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49324" class="half_rhythm"><div>Acad. for Academy</div></li><li id="A49325" class="half_rhythm"><div>Assoc. for
Association</div></li><li id="A49326" class="half_rhythm"><div>Co. for Company</div></li><li id="A49327" class="half_rhythm"><div>Coll. for
College</div></li><li id="A49328" class="half_rhythm"><div>Corp. for
Corporation</div></li><li id="A49329" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dept. for Department</div></li><li id="A49330" class="half_rhythm"><div>Div. for
Division</div></li><li id="A49331" class="half_rhythm"><div>Inst. for Institute or
Institution</div></li><li id="A49332" class="half_rhythm"><div>Soc. for Society</div></li><li id="A49333" class="half_rhythm"><div>Univ. for
University</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A63417" class="half_rhythm"><div>See <a href="/books/n/citmed/appc/?report=reader">Appendix C</a> for
more abbreviations of commonly used English
words.</div></li></ul>
</div></li><li id="A49334" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate names of US states and Canadian provinces using
their official two-letter abbreviations. See <a href="/books/n/citmed/appe/?report=reader">Appendix E</a> for a list
of these.</div></li><li id="A49335" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abbreviate names of countries outside of the US and Canada
using the two-letter ISO country code, if desired. See <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a> for codes of
selected countries.</div></li><li id="A49336" class="half_rhythm"><div>Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference in a
list of references, abbreviate the same word in all
references.</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49337"><div id="A49337" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 50</span><span class="title">E-mail address included</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49338" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow the US state, Canadian province, or country of the
author with a period and a space</div></li><li id="A49339" class="half_rhythm"><div>Insert the e-mail address as it appears in the
publication</div></li><li id="A49340" class="half_rhythm"><div>Place the e-mail address within the closing parenthesis for
the author affiliation</div></li><li id="A49341" class="half_rhythm"><div>Do not end an e-mail address with a period</div><div>
<i>Example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49342" class="half_rhythm"><div>Patrias K (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda
MD. patrias@nlm.nih.gov).</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49343"><div id="A49343" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 51</span><span class="title">Organizational names for affiliations not in English</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49344" class="half_rhythm"><div>Give the affiliation of all authors or only the first
author</div></li><li id="A49345" class="half_rhythm"><div>Begin with the department and name of the organization,
followed by the city, the two-letter abbreviation for the US
state or Canadian province (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appe/?report=reader">Appendix E</a>), and the country name or
ISO country code (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a>) if non-US. Place the affiliation in
parentheses.</div></li><li id="A49346" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide the name in the original language for non-English
organization names found in the roman alphabet (primarily
European languages, such as French, German, Spanish,
Italian, Swedish, etc.)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49347" class="half_rhythm"><div>Carpentier AF (Service de Neurologie,
Hopital de la Salpetriere, Paris,
France).</div></li><li id="A49348" class="half_rhythm"><div>Marubini E (Istituto di Statistica Medica e
Biometria, Universita degli Studi di Milano,
Milan, Italy).</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49349" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) or translate
organizational names in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean.
A good authority for romanization is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC Romanization
Tables</a></i>.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49350" class="half_rhythm"><div>Barbulescu M (Clinica
Chirurgicala, Spitalul Clinic Coltea, Bucarest,
Romania).</div></li><li id="A49351" class="half_rhythm"><div>Grudinina NA (Institute of Experimental
Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St.
Petersburg, Russia).</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49352" class="half_rhythm"><div>Translate organizational names in character-based languages
(Chinese, Japanese)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49353" class="half_rhythm"><div>Susaki K (First
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu,
Japan).</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49354" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A49355" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49356" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A49357" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A49358" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A49359" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A49360" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A49361" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A49362" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A49363" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49364" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49365" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A49366" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49367" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use the English form of names for cities and countries
whenever possible. For example, Vienna for Wien and Spain
for Espana. However, the name found on the publication may
always be used.</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49368"><div id="A49368" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 52</span><span class="title">Names for cities and countries not in English</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49369" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use the English form for names of cities and countries
whenever possible. However, the name as found on the
publication may always be used.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49370" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moskva&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Moscow</div></li><li id="A49371" class="half_rhythm"><div>Wien&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Vienna</div></li><li id="A49372" class="half_rhythm"><div>Italia&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Italy</div></li><li id="A49373" class="half_rhythm"><div>Espana&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>becomes</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Spain</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49374"><div id="A49374" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 53</span><span class="title">Titles not in English</span></h3><p>Because the title of a collection is assigned by the library or other
archive housing the collection, the title will be in the language of the
country where the library or archive is located, regardless of the
language of the materials contained in the collection.</p><p>To cite a collection in a non-English speaking country:</p>
<ul><li id="A49375" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide the title in the original language for non-English
titles found in the roman alphabet (primarily European
languages, such as French, German, Spanish, Italian,
Swedish, etc.)</div></li><li id="A49376" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) titles in Cyrillic,
Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean. A good authority for romanization
is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC Romanization Tables</a></i>.</div></li><li id="A49377" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize or translate titles in character-based languages
(Chinese, Japanese). Place translated titles in
square brackets.</div></li><li id="A49378" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in titles.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A49379" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49380" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A49381" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A49382" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A49383" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A49384" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A49385" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A49386" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A49387" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49388" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49389" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A49390" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49391" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize only the first word of the title, proper nouns,
proper adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms unless the
conventions of a particular language require other
capitalization</div></li><li id="A49392" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide an English translation after the original language
title whenever possible; place translations in square
brackets</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49393"><div id="A49393" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 54</span><span class="title">Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another
special character</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49394" class="half_rhythm"><div>Capitalize the first word of a title unless the title begins
with a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special
character that might lose its meaning if capitalized<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49395" class="half_rhythm"><div>von
Willebrand disease as depicted in the early
twentieth century
[prints].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49396" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title contains a Greek letter or some other symbol that
cannot be reproduced with the type fonts available,
substitute the name for the symbol. For example, &#x003a9;
becomes omega.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49397" class="half_rhythm"><div>Synthesis of &#x003b2;-amino acids at
the Karolinska Institute
[photographs].</div></li><li id="A49398" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>may
become</i></div></li><li id="A49399" class="half_rhythm"><div>Synthesis of beta-amino acids at the
Karolinska Institute
[photographs].</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49400" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a title contains superscripts or subscripts that cannot be
reproduced with the type fonts available, place the
superscript or subscript in parentheses<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49401" class="half_rhythm"><div>TiO<sub>2</sub> coatings developed at the
California Institute of Technology
[prints].</div></li><li id="A49402" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>may
become</i></div></li><li id="A49403" class="half_rhythm"><div>TiO(2) coatings developed at the
California Institute of Technology
[prints].</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49404"><div id="A49404" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 55</span><span class="title">More than one type of medium</span></h3><p>Collections may contain more than one type of medium.</p>
<ul><li id="A49405" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Place the types in square brackets after the title</div></li><li id="A49406" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Separate the types by a plus sign (+) between spaces</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49407" class="half_rhythm"><div>Visual materials from the Blackwell family papers
[slides + prints]. 1840-circa 1935. 171
items: 28 x 23 cm. or smaller. Located at: Prints
&#x00026; Photographs Division, Library of Congress,
Washington, DC; LOT 13267. Collection contains
chiefly lantern slides and photographic
prints.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49408"><div id="A49408" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 56</span><span class="title">Non-English names for secondary authors</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49409" class="half_rhythm"><div>Translate the word found for compiler, editor, translator, or
other secondary author into English whenever possible.
However, the wording found on the print, photograph, or
accompanying material may always be used.</div></li><li id="A49410" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A49411" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49412" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A49413" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A49414" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A49415" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A49416" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A49417" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A49418" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A49419" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49420" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49421" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A49422" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49423" class="half_rhythm"><div>To assist in identifying secondary
authors, below is a brief list of non-English
words for them<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figA49424"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A49424/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figA49424" rid-ob="figobA49424"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK7258/table/A49424/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK7258/table/A49424/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="A49424"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A49424/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA49424">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobA49424"><div id="A49424" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK7258/table/A49424/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__A49424_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Language</th><th id="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Compiler</th><th id="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Editor</th><th id="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for Translator</th><th id="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Word for
Illustrator</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">French</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">compilateur</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">redacteur</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">traducteur</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">illustrateur</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editeur</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">German</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">zusammensteller</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">redakteur</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ubersetzer</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">illustrator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">herausgeber</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dolmetscher</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Italian</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">compilatore</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">redattore</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">traduttore</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disegnatore</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">curatore</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editore</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spanish</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">recopilador</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">redactor</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">traductor</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ilustrador</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">compilador</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editor</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Russian</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sostavitel'</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">redaktor</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">perevodchik</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">konstruktor</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">izdatel</td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_A49424_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49425"><div id="A49425" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 57</span><span class="title">Date estimated</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49426" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">If neither a date of publication nor a date of copyright can
be found for items in a collection, but dates can be
estimated because of material contained on the items
themselves or on accompanying material, place a question
mark after the estimated date<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49427" class="half_rhythm"><div>1942-1945?</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49428" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">If a specific year cannot be estimated, but an approximate
date or range of years can be reasonably inferred, precede
the date or date range with the word "circa", such as circa
1800 and circa 1950s<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49429" class="half_rhythm"><div>circa
1900-1920</div></li><li id="A49430" class="half_rhythm"><div>circa 1960s</div></li></ul></div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49431" class="half_rhythm"><div>Visual materials from the Blackwell family papers
[slides + prints]. 1840-circa 1935. 171
items: 28 x 23 cm. or smaller. Located at: Prints
&#x00026; Photographs Division, Library of Congress,
Washington, DC; LOT 13267. Collection contains
chiefly lantern slides and photographic
prints.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49432"><div id="A49432" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 58</span><span class="title">Language for describing physical characteristics</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49433" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Begin with information on the number and type of physical
pieces, followed by a colon and a space<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49434" class="half_rhythm"><div>325
photographs:</div></li><li id="A49435" class="half_rhythm"><div>32 posters:</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49436" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Enter information on the physical characteristics, such as
color and size. Abbreviate common words for measurement,
such as in. for inches and cm. for centimeters. Separate
types of information by commas.</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Typical words used include:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49437" class="half_rhythm"><div>color</div></li><li id="A49438" class="half_rhythm"><div>black &#x00026; white</div></li></ul>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49439" class="half_rhythm"><div>8 x 10 in. (size)</div></li><li id="A49440" class="half_rhythm"><div>21 x 26 cm. (size)</div></li></ul>
</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Examples of complete physical description
statements:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49441" class="half_rhythm"><div>155 photographs: black &#x00026; white.</div></li><li id="A49442" class="half_rhythm"><div>420 prints: black &#x00026; white and color, 13 x 17
in. or smaller.</div></li><li id="A49443" class="half_rhythm"><div>51 posters: color, 27 x 32 in.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49444"><div id="A49444" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 59</span><span class="title">More than one type of medium</span></h3><p>Collections may contain more than one type of medium.</p>
<ul><li id="A49445" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Place the types in square brackets after the title</div></li><li id="A49446" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">Separate the types by a plus sign (+) between spaces</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49447" class="half_rhythm"><div>Visual materials from the Blackwell family papers
[slides + prints]. 1840-circa 1935. 171
items: 28 x 23 cm. or smaller. Located at: Prints
&#x00026; Photographs Division, Library of Congress,
Washington, DC; LOT 13267. Collection contains
chiefly lantern slides and photographic
prints.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49452"><div id="A49452" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 61</span><span class="title">Non-English names for libraries and archives</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49453" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide the name in the original language for non-English
names found in the roman alphabet (primarily European
languages, such as French, German, Spanish, Italian,
Swedish, etc.)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49454" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bibliotheque Nationale de
France</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49455" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) names in Cyrillic,
Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or Korean. A good authority for romanization
is the <i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ALA-LC Romanization
Tables</a></i>.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49456" class="half_rhythm"><div>Biblioteka, Academia de
Stiinte Medicale</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49457" class="half_rhythm"><div>Romanize or translate names in character-based languages
(Chinese, Japanese). Place translated names in
square brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49458" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kokuritsu
Kobunshokan</div></li><li id="A49459" class="half_rhythm"><div><i>or</i></div></li><li id="A49460" class="half_rhythm"><div>[National
Archives]</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49461" class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide an English translation after the original language
name if possible; place translation in square brackets.<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49462" class="half_rhythm"><div>Biblioteka,
Academia de Stiinte Medicale [Library, Academy of
Medical Sciences]</div></li><li id="A49463" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kokuritsu Kobunshokan [National
Archives]</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49464" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names.
This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English
languages to simplify rules for English-language
publications.<ul><li id="A49465" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat letters marked with diacritics
or accents as if they are not marked<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49466" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c5;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;A</div></li><li id="A49467" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000d8;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;O</div></li><li id="A49468" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000c7;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;C</div></li><li id="A49469" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00141;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;L</div></li><li id="A49470" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;a</div></li><li id="A49471" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x0011d;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;g</div></li><li id="A49472" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000f1;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;n</div></li><li id="A49473" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000fc;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;u</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49474" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treat two or more letters printed as
a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two
letters<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49475" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x000e6;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;ae</div></li><li id="A49476" class="half_rhythm"><div>&#x00153;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>treated
as</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;oe</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49477"><div id="A49477" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 62</span><span class="title">Locations outside of the US</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49478" class="half_rhythm"><div>Use the anglicized form of a city name, such as Rome for Roma
and Moscow for Moskva, whenever possible. However, the name
as found on the publication may always be used.</div></li><li id="A49479" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for
the name of the province (see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appe/?report=reader">Appendix E</a>)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49480" class="half_rhythm"><div>Montreal,
QC</div></li><li id="A49481" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ottawa,
ON</div></li><li id="A49482" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vancouver, BC</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49483" class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow cities in other countries with the country name,
either written in full or as the two-letter ISO country code
(see <a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/?report=reader">Appendix D</a>)<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49484" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rome,
Italy&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>or</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Rome,
IT</div></li><li id="A49485" class="half_rhythm"><div>Malaga,
Spain&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>or</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Malaga,
ES</div></li><li id="A49486" class="half_rhythm"><div>Basel,
Switzerland&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>or</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Basel,
CH</div></li><li id="A49487" class="half_rhythm"><div>Oxford,
England&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;<i>or</i>&#x000a0;&#x000a0;&#x000a0;Oxford,
GB</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49488" class="half_rhythm"><div>Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference in a
list of references, abbreviate the same word in all
references.</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49448"><div id="A49448" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 60</span><span class="title">Collections with items appearing in more than one language</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49449" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">If the items in a print or photograph collection have text in
two or more languages, indicate the languages in the order
they are presented, separated by a comma, after date range
(and the physical description, if present)</div></li><li id="A49450" class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">End language information with a period</div><div class="half_rhythm">
<i>Example:</i>
<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49451" class="half_rhythm"><div>Spanish Civil War poster collection [posters].
1936-1939. 123 posters: color, 161 x 213 cm. or
smaller. Located at: Prints and Photographs
Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC;
Card No. 2001697400. Spanish, English, Esperanto,
French. Many artists are represented. Among the
more notable or frequently represented artists
are: Jose Bardasano, Carles Fontsere, Aleix
Hinsberger, and Ramon Puyol.</div></li></ul>
</div></li></ul>
</div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobA49489"><div id="A49489" class="box"><h3><span class="label">Box 63</span><span class="title">Types of material to include in notes</span></h3>
<ul><li id="A49490" class="half_rhythm"><div>The notes element may be used to provide any information that
the compiler of the reference feels is useful to the
reader<ul><li id="A49491" class="half_rhythm"><div>Begin by citing the print or photograph
collection, then add the
note</div></li><li id="A49492" class="half_rhythm"><div>End
with a period</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49493" class="half_rhythm"><div>Some examples of notes for collections are:<ul><li id="A49494" class="half_rhythm"><div>Details on
the type of prints or other media<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49495" class="half_rhythm"><div>Collection contains engravings, etchings,
lithographs.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49496" class="half_rhythm"><div>Subject content if not evident from
the title<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49497" class="half_rhythm"><div>Photographs depict contemporary
health care professionals at
work.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49498" class="half_rhythm"><div>Unusual or special aspects of the
collection<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49499" class="half_rhythm"><div>Many artists are represented. Among
the more notable or frequently represented artists
are: Jose Bardasano, Carles Fontsere, Aleix
Hinsberger, and Ramon
Puyol.</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="A49500" class="half_rhythm"><div>Any restrictions on viewing the
collection placed on it by the library or
archive<ul class="simple-list"><li id="A49501" class="half_rhythm"><div>Available by appointment
only.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
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