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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="author" content="Karen Patrias, Dan Wendling" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Citing Medicine" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Library of Medicine (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2007" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Karen Patrias" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Dan Wendling" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Citing Medicine" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Library of Medicine (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Karen Patrias" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Dan Wendling" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2007" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/" /><meta name="description" content="Citing Medicine provides assistance to authors in compiling lists of references for their publications, to editors in revising such lists, to publishers in setting reference standards for their authors and editors, and to librarians and others in formatting bibliographic citations." /><meta name="og:title" content="Citing Medicine" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Citing Medicine provides assistance to authors in compiling lists of references for their publications, to editors in revising such lists, to publishers in setting reference standards for their authors and editors, and to librarians and others in formatting bibliographic citations." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-citmed-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/citmed/toc/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7256/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p></div><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><span class="inactive page_link prev">< Prev</span><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/citmed/citmed_book_info/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" title="National Library of Medicine (US)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-citmed-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Citing Medicine" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK7256_"><span itemprop="name">Citing Medicine</span>, <span itemprop="bookEdition">2nd</span> edition</h1><div class="subtitle">The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Karen Patrias</span>; <span itemprop="editor">Dan Wendling</span>, Technical Editor.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK7256_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Contributor Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK7256_ai__"><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Contributors</h4><span itemprop="author">Karen Patrias</span><sup>1</sup>; <span itemprop="editor">Dan Wendling</span>, Technical Editor<sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Affiliations</h4><div class="affiliation"><sup>1</sup> National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of
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Health</div></div><div class="half_rhythm">Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Library of Medicine (US)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2007</span>-.</div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li><span class="label"><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_cpyrght_NBK7256" data-jigconfig="modal:true">Copyright and
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Permissions</a></span></li></ul></div><div id="_ncbi_dlg_cpyrght_NBK7256" style="display:none" title="Copyright and Permissions"><div>This publication is in the public domain. For more information, see the <a href="/books/about/copyright/">Bookshelf Copyright Notice</a>.</div></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/citmed/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div itemprop="description"><p>
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<i>Citing Medicine</i> provides assistance to authors in compiling lists of
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references for their publications, to editors in revising such lists, to publishers in
|
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setting reference standards for their authors and editors, and to librarians and others
|
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in formatting bibliographic citations.</p></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul id="toc_tllNBK7256_toc_citmed_book_info" class="simple-list toc"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_citmed_book_info"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/citmed_book_info/">About this Book</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A63373"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A63373/">Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_foreword_2015"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/foreword_2015/">2015 Foreword</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A301"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A301/">Foreword</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_part1_bxml"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/part1.bxml/">Citing Published Print Documents</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK7256_toc_part1_bxml" class="simple-list toc"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A32352"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A32352/">Chapter 1. Journals</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A32352/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: May 18, 2018.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A34155"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A34155/">Chapter 2. Books</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A34155/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A36688"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A36688/">Chapter 3. Conference Publications</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A36688/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 5, 2020.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A38179"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A38179/">Chapter 4. Scientific and Technical Reports</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A38179/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A39190"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A39190/">Chapter 5. Dissertations and Theses</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A39190/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A39804"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A39804/">Chapter 6. Bibliographies</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A39804/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A40800"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A40800/">Chapter 7. Patents</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A40800/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A41486"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A41486/">Chapter 8. Newspaper Articles</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A41486/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A41954"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A41954/">Chapter 9. Maps</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A41954/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A42777"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A42777/">Chapter 10. Legal Documents</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A42777/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: January 14, 2009.</div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_part2_bxml"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/part2.bxml/">Citing Unpublished Material</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK7256_toc_part2_bxml" class="simple-list toc"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A42786"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A42786/">Chapter 11. Forthcoming ("in press")</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A42786/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: May 18, 2018.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A44069"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A44069/">Chapter 12. Papers and Poster Sessions Presented at Meetings</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A44069/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 5, 2020.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A44369"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A44369/">Chapter 13. Letters and Other Personal Communication</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A44369/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: March 17, 2017.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A44980"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A44980/">Chapter 14. Manuscripts and Preprints</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A44980/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: March 17, 2017.</div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_part3_bxml"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/part3.bxml/">Citing Audio and Visual Media (audiocassettes, videocassettes, slides, photographs, etc.)</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK7256_toc_part3_bxml" class="simple-list toc"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A46175"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A46175/">Chapter 15. Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A46175/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A47102"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A47102/">Chapter 16. Journals in Audiovisual Formats</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A47102/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A48389"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A48389/">Chapter 17. Prints and Photographs</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A48389/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_part4_bxml"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/part4.bxml/">Citing Material on CD-ROM, DVD, or Disk</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK7256_toc_part4_bxml" class="simple-list toc"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A63418"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A63418/">Chapter 18. Books and Other Individual Titles on CD-ROM, DVD, or Disk</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A63418/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A50452"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A50452/">Chapter 19. Journals on CD-ROM, DVD, or Disk</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A50452/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: May 18, 2018.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A51729"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A51729/">Chapter 20. Databases on CD-ROM, DVD, or Disk</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A51729/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A52707"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A52707/">Chapter 21. Computer Programs on CD-ROM, DVD, or Disk</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A52707/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 10, 2016.</div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_part5_bxml"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/part5.bxml/">Citing Material on the Internet (Online)</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK7256_toc_part5_bxml" class="simple-list toc"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A53625"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A53625/">Chapter 22. Books and Other Individual Titles on the Internet</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A53625/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A55580"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A55580/">Chapter 23. Journals on the Internet</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A55580/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: May 18, 2018.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A57255"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A57255/">Chapter 24. Databases/Retrieval Systems/Datasets on the Internet</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A57255/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: May 18, 2018.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A59231"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A59231/">Chapter 25. Web Sites</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A59231/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_A60586"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/A60586/">Chapter 26. Electronic Mail and Discussion Forums</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/A60586/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_app-group1_bxml"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/app-group1.bxml/">Appendixes</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK7256_toc_app-group1_bxml" class="simple-list toc"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_appa"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/appa/">Appendix A. Abbreviations for Commonly Used English Words in Journal Titles</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/appa/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: October 2, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_appb"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/appb/">Appendix B. Additional Sources for Journal Title Abbreviations</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/appb/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: October 2, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_appc"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/appc/">Appendix C. Abbreviations for Commonly Used English Words in Bibliographic Description</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/appc/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_appd"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/appd/">Appendix D. ISO Country Codes for Selected Countries</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/appd/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_appe"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/appe/">Appendix E. Two-Letter Abbreviations for Canadian Provinces and Territories and U.S. States and Territories</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/appe/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_appf"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/appf/">Appendix F. Notes for Citing MEDLINE® /PubMed®</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/appf/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2015.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK7256_toc_app01"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/citmed/app01/">Appendix. Content Updates</a><span class="small"> [<a href="/books/n/citmed/app01/pdf/">PDF Version</a>]</span><div class="small">Created: December 21, 2009; Last Update: August 5, 2020.</div></li></ul></li></ul></div><div><h4 class="inline">Suggested citation:</h4><p>Patrias K. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers
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Medicine (US); 2007 -    [updated 2015 Oct 2; cited <i>Year Month Day</i>].
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Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine</p></div></div></div>
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