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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK65936_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK65936_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK65936_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Cancer-Related Post-Traumatic Stress (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: June 5, 2024.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000062831__186">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of cancer-related post-traumatic stress. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000062831__187">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__1"><h2 id="_CDR0000062831__1_">Overview</h2><div id="CDR0000062831__1.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__2">People react in different ways when they hear they have cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__107">PTS can occur at any point during the cancer journey.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000062831__2"><h3>People react in different ways when they hear they have cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__172">Patients have a range of normal
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reactions when they hear they have <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>. These include:</p><ul id="CDR0000062831__173"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Repeated frightening thoughts.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Being distracted or overexcited.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Trouble sleeping.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Feeling detached from oneself or reality.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000062831__145">These reactions may also be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000770485/" class="def">cancer-related post-traumatic
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stress</a> (PTS). Talk with your health care team if you continue to have these symptoms.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__107"><h3>PTS can occur at any point during the cancer journey.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__176">Patients with cancer may have symptoms of post-traumatic stress at any point from <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnosis</a> through treatment, after treatment is complete, or during <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045861/" class="def">recurrence</a>. Adult survivors of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000728326/" class="def">childhood cancer</a> and their families may also have post-traumatic stress.</p><p id="CDR0000062831__203">Cancer-related PTS may or may not lead to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440112/" class="def">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD). PTSD is a specific group of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> that affect <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450125/" class="def">survivors</a> of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450122/" class="def">stressful</a> events. These events usually involve the threat of death or serious
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injury to oneself or others. Cancer and its treatment may cause distress, but it does not mean it will develop into PTSD. Your health care team will evaluate your symptoms during your cancer journey.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000062831__34"><h2 id="_CDR0000062831__34_">Factors That Affect the Risk of Cancer-Related Post-Traumatic Stress (PTS)</h2><div id="CDR0000062831__34.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__35">Certain factors may make it more likely that a patient will have PTS.</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__44">
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Physical factors</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__49">Psychological, mental, and social factors</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__51">Certain protective factors may make it less likely that a patient will develop PTS.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__55">PTS symptoms develop by conditioning.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000062831__35"><h3>Certain factors may make it more likely that a patient will have PTS.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__117"> Not everyone is at increased risk of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000770485/" class="def">cancer-related post-traumatic stress</a>. Certain physical and mental factors that are linked to PTS or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440111/" class="def">PTSD</a> have been reported in studies:
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</p><div id="CDR0000062831__44"><h4>
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Physical factors</h4><ul id="CDR0000062831__47"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">Cancer</a> that <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurs</a> (comes back) was shown to increase <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450122/" class="def">stress</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> in patients.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>In survivors of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000728326/" class="def">childhood cancer</a>, symptoms of PTS occurred more often when there was a longer treatment time. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444971/" class="def">Breast cancer</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450125/" class="def">survivors</a> who had <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000478743/" class="def">advanced cancer</a>, long <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgeries</a>, or a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642021/" class="def">history</a> of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454807/" class="def">trauma</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000797031/" class="def">anxiety disorders</a>, were more likely to be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnosed</a> with PTSD.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000062831__49"><h4>Psychological, mental, and social factors</h4><ul id="CDR0000062831__118"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous trauma.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>High level of general stress.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046391/" class="def">Genetic</a> factors and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044510/" class="def">biological</a> factors (such as a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045713/" class="def">hormone</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000407758/" class="def">disorder</a>) that affect memory and learning.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Lack of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440116/" class="def">social support</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Threat to life and body.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div> Having PTSD or other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454766/" class="def">psychological</a> problems before being diagnosed with cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The use of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454798/" class="def">avoidance</a> to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454700/" class="def">cope</a> with stress. </div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000062831__51"><h3>Certain protective factors may make it less likely that a patient will develop PTS.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__53">Cancer patients may have a lower risk of PTS if they have the following: </p><ul id="CDR0000062831__177"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Good social support.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clear information about the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of their cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>An open relationship with their <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000650566/" class="def">health care providers</a>.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000062831__55"><h3>PTS symptoms develop by conditioning.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__185">
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454799/" class="def">Conditioning</a> occurs when certain <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454808/" class="def">triggers</a> become linked with an upsetting event. Neutral triggers (such as smells, sounds, and sights) that occurred at the same time as upsetting triggers (such as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">chemotherapy</a> or painful treatments) later cause <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430405/" class="def">anxiety</a>, stress, and fear even when they occur alone, after the trauma has ended.</p><p id="CDR0000062831__190">In patients
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who have a history of PTSD from a previous <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454807/" class="def">trauma</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> may start again by
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certain triggers during their cancer treatment (for example,
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being inside <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045788/" class="def">MRI</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046033/" class="def">CT</a> scanners). These patients also may have problems adjusting to cancer and cancer treatment. </p></div></div><div id="CDR0000062831__8"><h2 id="_CDR0000062831__8_">Screening for Cancer-Related Post-Traumatic Stress (PTS)</h2><div id="CDR0000062831__8.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__121">The cancer experience is more than one stressful event.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__9">The specific cause of cancer-related PTS may be unknown.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__128">Symptoms of cancer-related PTS are a lot like symptoms of other stress-related disorders. </a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000062831__121"><h3>The cancer experience is more than one stressful event.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__123"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">Cancer</a> may involve <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450122/" class="def">stressful</a> events that repeat or continue over time. The patient may suffer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> of post-traumatic stress anytime from
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnosis</a> through treatment and possible cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045861/" class="def">recurrence</a>, so <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046171/" class="def">screening</a> may be needed more than once. The health care team will look for symptoms of PTS or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440111/" class="def">PTSD</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__9"><h3>The specific cause of cancer-related PTS may be unknown.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__11">For a patient coping with cancer, the specific trauma that triggers <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000770485/" class="def">cancer-related post-traumatic stress</a> isn't always known. Because the cancer
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experience involves so many upsetting events, it is much harder to know the exact cause of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450122/" class="def">stress</a> than it is for other traumas, such as
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natural disasters or physical assault.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__128"><h3>Symptoms of cancer-related PTS are a lot like symptoms of other stress-related disorders. </h3><p id="CDR0000062831__130">PTS has many of the same <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430479/" class="def">depression</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000797031/" class="def">anxiety disorders</a>, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454806/" class="def">phobias</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000062831__169">Some of the symptoms that may be seen in PTS and in other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a> include:</p><ul id="CDR0000062831__170"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Feeling defensive, irritable, or fearful.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Being unable to think clearly.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleeping problems.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Avoiding people.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Avoiding stressful memories.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Guilt and self-blame.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Loss of interest in life.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000062831__98"><h2 id="_CDR0000062831__98_">Treatment of Cancer-Related Post-Traumatic Stress (PTS)</h2><div id="CDR0000062831__98.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__180">Treatments used for PTS may be the same as treatments for PTSD.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__136">Talking with a counselor, relaxation training, and support groups may help reduce symptoms of PTS.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__141">Medicines may help severe symptoms of PTS.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000062831__180"><h3>Treatments used for PTS may be the same as treatments for PTSD.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__182">Although there are no specific treatments for PTS in patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>, treatments used for people with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440111/" class="def">PTSD</a> can be useful in relieving <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454701/" class="def">distress</a> in cancer patients and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450125/" class="def">survivors</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__136"><h3>Talking with a counselor, relaxation training, and support groups may help reduce symptoms of PTS.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__138">A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450099/" class="def">crisis intervention</a> may be used to relieve distress and help the patient
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return to normal activities. This method focuses on solving
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problems, teaching <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450097/" class="def">coping skills</a>, and providing a supportive setting for the
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patient.
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</p><p id="CDR0000062831__139">Some patients are helped by methods that teach them to change their behaviors by changing their thinking patterns. Through <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000650559/" class="def">cognitive behavioral therapy</a> (CBT), patients may:</p><ul id="CDR0000062831__161"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Understand their <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Learn ways to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454700/" class="def">cope</a> and to manage <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450122/" class="def">stress</a> (such as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044723/" class="def">relaxation training</a>).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Become aware of thinking patterns that cause distress and negative emotions and replace them with more balanced and useful ways of thinking.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Become less sensitive to upsetting <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454808/" class="def">triggers</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000062831__140"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045917/" class="def">Support groups</a> may also help people who have PTS
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symptoms. In the group setting, patients can get emotional support, learn coping skills, and meet
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others with similar experiences and symptoms.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__141"><h3>Medicines may help severe symptoms of PTS.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__143">For patients with severe <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> of PTS, medicines may be used. For example:</p><ul id="CDR0000062831__158"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Tricyclic and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000561433/" class="def">monoamine oxidase inhibitor</a> (MOA) <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044105/" class="def">antidepressants</a> may be used when PTS occurs along with
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430479/" class="def">depression</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000335507/" class="def">Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</a> (SSRIs) such as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045374/" class="def">fluoxetine</a> may reduce the stress that occurs in what is known as the "<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000770487/" class="def">fight-or-flight syndrome</a>".</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Antianxiety
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medicines may help reduce symptoms of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430405/" class="def">anxiety</a>. In certain cases, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000643110/" class="def">antipsychotic</a> medicines may reduce severe flashbacks.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000062831__191"><h2 id="_CDR0000062831__191_">Post-Traumatic Stress in Children With Cancer and Cancer Survivors</h2><div id="CDR0000062831__191.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__192">Children and teens with cancer may be at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__196">Cancer survivors with PTS need early treatment with methods that are used to treat other trauma victims.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000062831__200">Cancer survivors and their families need long-term monitoring for PTS.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000062831__192"><h3>Children and teens with cancer may be at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__194">In children and teens with cancer, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> of PTS or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440111/" class="def">PTSD</a> may occur during treatment or after treatment has ended. Those who feel very uncertain about their disease and future may be more likely to have PTSD symptoms. </p><p id="CDR0000062831__195">Childhood cancer survivors who are diagnosed with PTSD are more likely to have <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430479/" class="def">depression</a>, lower satisfaction with life, and lack of daily life skills.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__196"><h3>Cancer survivors with PTS need early treatment with methods that are used to treat other trauma victims.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__198">Effects of PTS are long-lasting and serious. It may affect the patient's ability to have a normal lifestyle and may affect personal relationships, education, and employment. Patients may avoid getting professional care to avoid places and persons linked with cancer.</p><p id="CDR0000062831__199">It is important that cancer survivors are aware of the possible mental <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454701/" class="def">distress</a> of living with cancer and the need for early treatment of PTS. Follow-up cancer care may be given by the cancer treatment doctor or the main provider, such as the family doctor. Many survivors get help from therapists who are experts in helping people who are recovering from cancer. More than one kind of treatment may be used.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__200"><h3>Cancer survivors and their families need long-term monitoring for PTS.</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__202"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">Symptoms</a> of PTS usually begin within the first 3 months after the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454807/" class="def">trauma</a>, but sometimes they do not appear for months or even years. Therefore, cancer survivors and their families need long-term monitoring. For more information, see <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000269124/">Adjustment to Cancer: Anxiety and Distress</a>.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000062831__144"><h2 id="_CDR0000062831__144_">Current Clinical Trials</h2><p id="CDR0000062831__TrialSearch_144_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000062831__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of cancer-related post-traumatic stress. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/supportive-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board. PDQ Cancer-Related Post-Traumatic Stress. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/new-normal/ptsd-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship/new-normal/ptsd-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389374]</p><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000062831__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65936/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK65936/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65936" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65936" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board. Cancer-Related Post-Traumatic Stress (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2024 Jun 5. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm">NBK65936.5</span> June 5, 2024 (Displayed Version)</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65936.4/">NBK65936.4</a></span> April 17, 2023</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65936.3/">NBK65936.3</a></span> January 20, 2023</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65936.2/">NBK65936.2</a></span> July 9, 2019</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65936.1/">NBK65936.1</a></span> July 7, 2015</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this Page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CDR0000062831__1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Overview</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000062831__34" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Factors That Affect the Risk of Cancer-Related Post-Traumatic Stress (PTS)</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000062831__8" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Screening for Cancer-Related Post-Traumatic Stress (PTS)</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000062831__98" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Cancer-Related Post-Traumatic Stress (PTS)</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000062831__191" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Post-Traumatic Stress in Children With Cancer and Cancer Survivors</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000062831__144" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Current Clinical Trials</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000062831__AboutThis_1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">About This PDQ Summary</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related publications</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65728/">Health Professional 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class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389474" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Depression (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Depression (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389372" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Informal Caregivers in Cancer (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Informal Caregivers in Cancer (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389249" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Sleep Disorders (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 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