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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK65911_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK65911_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK65911_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Parathyroid Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: December 3, 2021.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000258029__132">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of parathyroid cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__133">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__1"><h2 id="_CDR0000258029__1_">General Information About Parathyroid Cancer</h2><div id="CDR0000258029__1.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__2">Parathyroid cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer)
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cells form in the tissues of a parathyroid gland.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__6">Having certain inherited disorders can increase
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the risk of developing parathyroid cancer. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__9">Signs and symptoms of parathyroid cancer include weakness, feeling tired, and a lump in the neck.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__13">Tests that examine the neck and blood are used to diagnose parathyroid cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__66">Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258029__2"><h3>Parathyroid cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer)
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cells form in the tissues of a parathyroid gland.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__4">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044554/" class="def">parathyroid glands</a> are four pea-sized <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organs</a> found in the neck
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near the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044751/" class="def">thyroid gland</a>. The parathyroid glands make <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044339/" class="def">parathyroid hormone</a>
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(PTH or parathormone). PTH helps the body use and store <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045632/" class="def">calcium</a> to keep the calcium in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a> at normal levels. </p><div id="CDR0000258029__128" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Anatomy%20of%20the%20thyroid%20and%20parathyroid%20glands&p=BOOKS&id=575718_CDR0000719086.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65911/bin/CDR0000719086.jpg" alt="Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands; drawing shows the thyroid gland at the base of the throat near the trachea. An inset shows the front and back views. The front view shows that the thyroid is shaped like a butterfly, with the right lobe and left lobe connected by a thin piece of tissue called the isthmus. The back view shows the four pea-sized parathyroid glands. The larynx is also shown." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. The thyroid gland lies at the base of the throat near the trachea. It is shaped like a butterfly, with the right lobe and left lobe connected by a thin piece of tissue called the isthmus. The parathyroid glands are four pea-sized organs found in the neck near the thyroid. The thyroid and parathyroid glands make hormones.</p></div></div><p id="CDR0000258029__5">A parathyroid gland may become overactive and make too much PTH,
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a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">condition</a> called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000458097/" class="def">hyperparathyroidism</a>. Hyperparathyroidism can occur when a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046079/" class="def">benign tumor</a> (noncancer), called an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046217/" class="def">adenoma</a>, forms on one of the parathyroid glands, and causes it to grow and become overactive. Sometimes hyperparathyroidism can be caused by <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446529/" class="def">parathyroid cancer</a>, but this is very rare.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__102">The extra PTH causes: </p><ul id="CDR0000258029__99"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The calcium stored in the bones
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to move into the blood.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046335/" class="def">intestines</a> to absorb
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more calcium from the food we eat.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258029__103">This condition is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045363/" class="def">hypercalcemia</a> (too much calcium in the blood).</p><p id="CDR0000258029__101">The hypercalcemia caused by hyperparathyroidism is more serious and life-threatening than parathyroid cancer itself and treating hypercalcemia is as important as treating the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__6"><h3>Having certain inherited disorders can increase
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the risk of developing parathyroid cancer. </h3><p id="CDR0000258029__8">Anything that increases the chance of getting a disease is called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045873/" class="def">risk factor</a>. Risk factors for parathyroid cancer include the following rare <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000407758/" class="def">disorders</a> that are <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045098/" class="def">inherited</a> (passed down from parent to child): </p><ul id="CDR0000258029__80"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000514876/" class="def">Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism</a> (FIHP).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270861/" class="def">Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258029__73">Treatment with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a> may increase the risk of developing a parathyroid adenoma.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__9"><h3>Signs and symptoms of parathyroid cancer include weakness, feeling tired, and a lump in the neck.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__11">Most parathyroid cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000750109/" class="def">signs</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> are caused by the hypercalcemia that develops. Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__12"><li class="half_rhythm"><div> Weakness.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Feeling very tired.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390302/" class="def">Nausea</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390324/" class="def">vomiting</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Loss of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454699/" class="def">appetite</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight loss for no known reason.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Being much more thirsty than usual.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046642/" class="def">Urinating</a> much more than usual.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000407757/" class="def">Constipation</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Trouble thinking clearly.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258029__90">Other signs and symptoms of parathyroid cancer include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__91"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045070/" class="def">abdomen</a>, side, or back that doesn't go away.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain in the bones.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A broken bone.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A lump in the neck.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in voice such as hoarseness.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Trouble swallowing.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258029__92">Other conditions may cause the same signs and symptoms as parathyroid cancer. Check with your doctor if you have any of these problems.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__13"><h3>Tests that examine the neck and blood are used to diagnose parathyroid cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__81"> Once blood tests are done and hyperparathyroidism is <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnosed</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000689578/" class="def">imaging tests</a> may be done to help find which of the parathyroid glands is overactive. Sometimes the parathyroid glands are hard to find and imaging tests are done to find exactly where they are.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__88">Parathyroid cancer may be hard to diagnose because the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a>
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of a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045614/" class="def">benign</a> parathyroid adenoma and a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045772/" class="def">malignant</a> parathyroid cancer look alike. The patient's symptoms, blood levels of calcium and parathyroid <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045713/" class="def">hormone</a>, and characteristics of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> are also used to make a diagnosis. </p><p id="CDR0000258029__83">The following tests and procedures may be used:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__16"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270871/" class="def">Physical exam</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000798522/" class="def">health history</a></b>: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient’s health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000304685/" class="def">Blood chemistry studies</a></b>: A procedure in which a blood sample is checked to measure the amounts of certain substances released into the blood by organs and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a> in the body. An unusual (higher or lower than normal) amount of a substance can be a sign of disease. To diagnose parathyroid cancer, the sample of blood is checked for its calcium level. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044339/" class="def">Parathyroid hormone</a> test</b>: A procedure in which a blood sample is checked to measure the amount of parathyroid hormone released into the blood by the parathyroid glands. A higher than normal amount of parathyroid hormone can be a sign of disease.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000514683/" class="def">Sestamibi scan</a></b>: A type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046552/" class="def">radionuclide scan</a> used to find an overactive parathyroid gland. A very small amount of a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a> substance called technetium 99 is <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476471/" class="def">vein</a> and travels through the bloodstream to the parathyroid gland. The radioactive substance will collect in the overactive gland and show up brightly on a special camera that detects radioactivity.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046033/" class="def">CT scan</a> (CAT scan)</b>: A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-ray</a> machine. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000409764/" class="def">dye</a> may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.<div id="CDR0000258029__135" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Computed%20tomography%20(CT)%20scan%20of%20the%20head%20and%20neck&p=BOOKS&id=575718_CDR0000753850.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65911/bin/CDR0000753850.jpg" alt="Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck; drawing shows a patient lying on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the head and neck." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck. The patient lies on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the head and neck.</p></div></div></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000306534/" class="def">SPECT</a> scan (single photon emission computed tomography scan)</b>: A procedure to find malignant tumor cells in the neck. A small amount of a radioactive substance is injected into a vein or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044600/" class="def">inhaled</a> through the nose. As the substance travels through the blood, a camera rotates around the body and takes pictures of the neck. A computer uses the pictures to make a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045582/" class="def">3-dimensional</a> (3-D) image of the neck. There will be increased blood flow and more activity in areas where cancer cells are growing. These areas will show up brighter in the picture.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046157/" class="def">Ultrasound</a> exam</b>: A procedure in which high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046587/" class="def">sonogram</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046530/" class="def">Angiogram</a></b>: A procedure to look at <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045020/" class="def">blood vessels</a> and the flow of blood. A contrast dye is injected into the blood vessel. As the contrast dye moves through the blood vessel, x-rays are taken to see if there are any blockages.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000514706/" class="def">Venous sampling</a></b>: A procedure in which a sample of blood is taken from specific veins and checked to measure the amounts of certain substances released into the blood by nearby organs and tissues. If imaging tests do not show which parathyroid gland is overactive, blood samples may be taken from veins near each parathyroid gland to find which one is making too much PTH. </div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258029__66"><h3>Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__68">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045849/" class="def">prognosis</a> and treatment options depend on the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__69"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether the calcium level in the blood can be controlled.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of the cancer. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether the tumor and the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000455334/" class="def">capsule</a> around the tumor can be completely removed by <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a>. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The patient's general health.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000258029__21"><h2 id="_CDR0000258029__21_">Stages of Parathyroid Cancer</h2><div id="CDR0000258029__21.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__109">After parathyroid cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__120">There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__129">Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__118">Parathyroid cancer is described as either localized
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or metastatic.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__146">Parathyroid cancer can recur (come back) after it has been treated.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258029__109"><h3>After parathyroid cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__111">The process used to find out if <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> has spread to other parts of the body is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046597/" class="def">staging</a>. There is no standard <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000689095/" class="def">staging system</a> for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446529/" class="def">parathyroid cancer</a>. The following <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000689578/" class="def">imaging tests</a> may be used to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body such as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270740/" class="def">lungs</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046312/" class="def">liver</a>, bone, heart, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046254/" class="def">pancreas</a>, or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a>:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__112"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046033/" class="def">CT scan</a> (CAT scan)</b>: A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-ray</a> machine. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000409764/" class="def">dye</a> may be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476471/" class="def">vein</a> or swallowed to help the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organs</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a> show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.<div id="CDR0000258029__137" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Computed%20tomography%20(CT)%20scan%20of%20the%20head%20and%20neck&p=BOOKS&id=575718_CDR0000753850.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65911/bin/CDR0000753850.jpg" alt="Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck; drawing shows a patient lying on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the head and neck." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck. The patient lies on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the head and neck.</p></div></div></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045788/" class="def">MRI</a> (magnetic resonance imaging)</b>: A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258029__120"><h3>There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__120_md_69">Cancer can spread through <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a>, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045764/" class="def">lymph system</a>, and the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__120_md_70"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Tissue. The cancer spreads from where it began by growing into nearby areas.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Lymph system. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the lymph system. The cancer travels through the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000269462/" class="def">lymph vessels</a> to other parts of the body.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the blood. The cancer travels through the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045020/" class="def">blood vessels</a> to other parts of the body.
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258029__129"><h3>Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__129_md_66">When cancer spreads to another part of the body, it is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046710/" class="def">metastasis</a>. Cancer cells break away from where they began (the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045847/" class="def">primary tumor</a>) and travel through the lymph system or blood.</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__129_md_67"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Lymph system. The cancer gets into the lymph system, travels through the lymph vessels, and forms a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044058/" class="def">metastatic</a> tumor) in another part of the body.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood. The cancer gets into the blood, travels through the blood vessels, and forms a tumor (metastatic tumor) in another part of the body.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258029__131">The metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example, if <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446529/" class="def">parathyroid cancer</a> spreads to the lung, the cancer cells in the lung are actually parathyroid cancer cells. The disease is metastatic parathyroid cancer, not lung cancer.</p><div id="CDR0000258029__139" class="box"><h3><span class="title">metastasis: how cancer spreads</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Many cancer deaths are caused when cancer moves from the original tumor and spreads to other tissues and organs. This is called metastatic cancer. This animation shows how cancer cells travel from the place in the body where they first formed to other parts of the body.</p></div><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQwar_-QdiQ" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">YouTube</a></p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258029__118"><h3>Parathyroid cancer is described as either localized
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or metastatic.</h3><ul id="CDR0000258029__116"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Localized parathyroid cancer is found in a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044554/" class="def">parathyroid gland</a>
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and may have spread to nearby tissues.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Metastatic parathyroid cancer has spread to other parts of
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the body, such as the lungs, liver, bone, sac around the heart, pancreas, or lymph nodes.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258029__146"><h3>Parathyroid cancer can recur (come back) after it has been treated.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__148">The cancer may come back in the tissues or lymph nodes of the neck or in other parts of the body. More than half of patients have a recurrence. The parathyroid cancer usually recurs between 2 and 5 years after the first <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a>, but can recur up to 20 years later. It usually comes back in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a> of the neck. High <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045632/" class="def">calcium</a> levels that appear after treatment may be the first <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000750109/" class="def">sign</a> of recurrence. </p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258029__27"><h2 id="_CDR0000258029__27_">Treatment Option Overview</h2><div id="CDR0000258029__27.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__28">There are different types of treatment for patients with
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parathyroid cancer. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__70">Treatment includes control of hypercalcemia (too much calcium in the blood) in patients who have an overactive parathyroid gland.
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</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__86">Four types of standard treatment are used:</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__32">Surgery</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__40">Radiation therapy
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</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__43">Chemotherapy</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__95">Supportive care</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__38">New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__140">Treatment for parathyroid cancer may cause side effects.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__122">Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__124">Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258029__126">Follow-up tests may be needed.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258029__28"><h3>There are different types of treatment for patients with
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parathyroid cancer. </h3><p id="CDR0000258029__30">Different types of treatment are available for patients with
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446529/" class="def">parathyroid cancer</a>. Some treatments are <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard</a> (the currently used
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treatment), and some are being tested in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical
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trials</a>. A treatment clinical trial is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651211/" class="def">research
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study</a> meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new
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treatments for patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>. When clinical trials show that a new
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treatment is better than the standard
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treatment, the new treatment may become the standard
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treatment. Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__70"><h3>Treatment includes control of hypercalcemia (too much calcium in the blood) in patients who have an overactive parathyroid gland.
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</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__72">In order to reduce the amount of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044339/" class="def">parathyroid hormone</a> that is being made and control the level of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045632/" class="def">calcium</a> in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>, as much of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> as possible is removed in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a>. For patients who cannot have surgery, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463717/" class="def">medication</a> may be used. </p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__86"><h3>Four types of standard treatment are used:</h3><div id="CDR0000258029__32"><h4>Surgery</h4><p id="CDR0000258029__36">Surgery (removing the
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cancer in an operation) is the most common treatment for parathyroid cancer that is in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044554/" class="def">parathyroid glands</a> or has spread to other parts of the body. Because parathyroid cancer grows very slowly, cancer that has spread to other parts of the body may be removed by surgery in order to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318813/" class="def">cure</a> the patient or control the effects of the disease for a long time. Before
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surgery, treatment is given to control <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045363/" class="def">hypercalcemia</a>. </p><p id="CDR0000258029__79">The following surgical procedures may be used:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__37"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>En bloc <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046565/" class="def">resection</a>: Surgery to remove the entire parathyroid gland and the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000455334/" class="def">capsule</a> around it. Sometimes <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a>, half of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044751/" class="def">thyroid gland</a> on the same side of the body as the cancer, and muscles, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a>, and a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000373935/" class="def">nerve</a> in the neck are also removed.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046635/" class="def">Tumor debulking</a>: A surgical procedure in which as much of the tumor as possible is removed. Some tumors cannot be completely removed.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000346490/" class="def">Metastasectomy</a>: Surgery to remove any cancer that has spread to distant <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organs</a> such as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270740/" class="def">lung</a>. </div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258029__74"> Surgery for parathyroid cancer sometimes damages nerves of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046650/" class="def">vocal cords</a>. There are treatments to help with speech problems caused by this nerve damage.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__40"><h4>Radiation therapy
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</h4><p id="CDR0000258029__60"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">Radiation therapy</a> is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-rays</a> or other types of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045072/" class="def">radiation</a> to kill cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> or keep them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy: </p><ul id="CDR0000258029__138"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046686/" class="def">External radiation therapy</a> uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the area of the body with cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046345/" class="def">Internal radiation therapy</a> uses a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a> substance sealed in needles, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257219/" class="def">seeds</a>, wires, or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045637/" class="def">catheters</a> that are placed directly into or near the cancer.</div></li></ul><div id="CDR0000258029__136" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=External-beam%20radiation%20therapy%20of%20the%20head%20and%20neck&p=BOOKS&id=575718_CDR0000732667.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65911/bin/CDR0000732667.jpg" alt="External-beam radiation therapy of the head and neck; drawing shows a patient lying on a table under a machine that is used to aim high-energy radiation at the cancer. An inset shows a mesh mask that helps keep the patient's head and neck from moving during treatment. The mask has pieces of white tape with small ink marks on it. The ink marks are used to line up the radiation machine in the same position before each treatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>External-beam radiation therapy of the head and neck. A machine is used to aim high-energy radiation at the cancer. The machine can rotate around the patient, delivering radiation from many different angles to provide highly conformal treatment. A mesh mask helps keep the patient’s head and neck from moving during treatment. Small ink marks are put on the mask. The ink marks are used to line up the radiation machine in the same position before each treatment.</p></div></div><p id="CDR0000258029__134">The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of the cancer being treated. External radiation therapy is used to treat parathyroid cancer.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__43"><h4>Chemotherapy</h4><p id="CDR0000258029__61"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a> is a cancer treatment that uses <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000348921/" class="def">drugs</a> to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476471/" class="def">vein</a> or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000301626/" class="def">systemic chemotherapy</a>). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046483/" class="def">cerebrospinal fluid</a>, an organ, or a body <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463703/" class="def">cavity</a> such as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045070/" class="def">abdomen</a>, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046559/" class="def">regional chemotherapy</a>). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__95"><h4>Supportive care</h4><p id="CDR0000258029__97"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046609/" class="def">Supportive care</a> is given to lessen the problems caused by the disease or its treatment. Supportive care for hypercalcemia caused by parathyroid cancer may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__98"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046682/" class="def">Intravenous</a> (IV) <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044669/" class="def">fluids</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Drugs that increase how much <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046642/" class="def">urine</a> the body makes.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Drugs that stop the body from absorbing calcium from the food we eat.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Drugs that stop the parathyroid gland from making parathyroid hormone.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000258029__38"><h3>New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__47">
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Information about clinical trials is available from the
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI website</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__140"><h3>Treatment for parathyroid cancer may cause side effects.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__140_md_73">For information about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> caused by treatment for cancer, visit our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Side Effects</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__122"><h3>Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__122_md_23">For some patients, taking part in a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process. Clinical trials are done to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and effective or better than the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard treatment</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__122_md_24">Many of today's standard treatments for cancer are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__122_md_25">Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__124"><h3>Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__124_md_29">Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop cancer from recurring (coming back) or reduce the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> of cancer treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__124_md_30">Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials supported by NCI can be found on NCI’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials search</a> webpage. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> website.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__126"><h3>Follow-up tests may be needed.</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__126_md_33">As you go through treatment, you will have follow-up tests or check-ups. Some tests that were done to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnose</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> the cancer may be repeated to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__126_md_34">Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your condition has changed or if the cancer has recurred (come back). </p><p id="CDR0000258029__119">Parathyroid cancer often <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurs</a>. Patients should have regular check-ups for the rest of their lives, to find and treat recurrences early.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258029__49"><h2 id="_CDR0000258029__49_">Treatment of Localized Parathyroid Cancer </h2><p id="CDR0000258029__143">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000258029__86">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__50">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045754/" class="def">localized</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446529/" class="def">parathyroid cancer</a> may include the
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following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__51"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">Surgery</a> (en bloc <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046565/" class="def">resection</a>).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery followed by <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation
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therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiation therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046609/" class="def">Supportive care</a> to treat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045363/" class="def">hypercalcemia</a> (too much <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045632/" class="def">calcium</a> in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>).</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258029__TrialSearch_49_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__52"><h2 id="_CDR0000258029__52_">Treatment of Metastatic Parathyroid Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258029__144">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000258029__86">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__53">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044058/" class="def">metastatic</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446529/" class="def">parathyroid cancer</a> may include the
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following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__54"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">Surgery</a> (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000346490/" class="def">metastasectomy</a>) to remove <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> from the places where it has spread.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery followed by <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiation therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a>. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046609/" class="def">Supportive care</a> to treat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045363/" class="def">hypercalcemia</a> (too much <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045632/" class="def">calcium</a> in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>).</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258029__TrialSearch_52_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__56"><h2 id="_CDR0000258029__56_">Treatment of Recurrent Parathyroid Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258029__145">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000258029__86">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__57">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045862/" class="def">recurrent</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446529/" class="def">parathyroid cancer</a> may include the
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following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__58"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">Surgery</a> (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000346490/" class="def">metastasectomy</a>) to remove <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> from the places where it has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046635/" class="def">tumor debulking</a>).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery followed by <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiation therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a>. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046609/" class="def">Supportive care</a> to treat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045363/" class="def">hypercalcemia</a> (too much <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045632/" class="def">calcium</a> in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>).</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258029__TrialSearch_56_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__104"><h2 id="_CDR0000258029__104_">To Learn More About Parathyroid Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258029__105">For more information from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044266/" class="def">National Cancer Institute</a> about parathyroid cancer, see the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Parathyroid Cancer Home Page</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__104_md_40">For general cancer information and other resources from the National Cancer Institute, visit:</p><ul id="CDR0000258029__104_md_41"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">About Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000258029__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of parathyroid cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/adult-treatment" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Parathyroid Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/patient/parathyroid-treatment-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/patient/parathyroid-treatment-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389349]</p><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000258029__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK65911</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26389349" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">26389349</a></span></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65911/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK65911/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65911" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65911" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Parathyroid Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2021 Dec 3. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm">NBK65911.6</span> December 3, 2021 (Displayed Version)</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65911.5/">NBK65911.5</a></span> April 9, 2019</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65911.4/">NBK65911.4</a></span> August 18, 2017</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65911.3/">NBK65911.3</a></span> May 27, 2016</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65911.2/">NBK65911.2</a></span> May 6, 2016</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65911.1/">NBK65911.1</a></span> July 2, 2015</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this Page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CDR0000258029__1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">General Information About Parathyroid Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258029__21" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Stages of Parathyroid Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258029__27" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment Option Overview</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258029__49" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Localized Parathyroid Cancer </a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258029__52" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Metastatic Parathyroid Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258029__56" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Recurrent Parathyroid Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258029__104" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">To Learn More About Parathyroid Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258029__AboutThis_1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">About This PDQ Summary</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related publications</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65795/">Health Professional Version</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389388" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Melanoma Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span 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offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Retinoblastoma Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389463" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389400" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Gallbladder Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Gallbladder Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389384" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Urethral Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): 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