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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment (PDQ®)" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Cancer Institute (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2008/12/23" /><meta name="citation_author" content="PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="26389341" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65903/" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="childhood atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="childhood brain tumor" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="childhood atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="Childhood brain tumor" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment (PDQ®)" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Cancer Institute (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2008/12/23" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65903/" /><meta name="description" content="Childhood central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. Learn more about newly diagnosed and recurrent childhood AT/RT in this expert-reviewed summary." /><meta name="og:title" content="Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment (PDQ®)" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Childhood central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. Learn more about newly diagnosed and recurrent childhood AT/RT in this expert-reviewed summary." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65903/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000574573/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65903/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK65903_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK65903_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK65903_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: July 5, 2018.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">December 23, 2008</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000574573__206">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood central nervous system atypical teratoid and rhabdoid tumor. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__207">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__1"><h2 id="_CDR0000574573__1_">General Information About Childhood Central Nervous System (CNS) Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor</h2><div id="CDR0000574573__1.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__2">Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the brain.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__9">Certain genetic changes may increase the risk of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__12">The signs and symptoms of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor are not the same in every patient.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__16">Tests that examine the brain and spinal cord are used to detect (find) CNS atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__131">Childhood atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor is diagnosed and may be removed in surgery.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__20">Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000574573__2"><h3>Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the brain.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__4"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046481/" class="def">Central nervous system</a> (CNS) <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000285639/" class="def">atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor</a> (AT/RT) is a very rare, fast-growing <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> of the brain and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000340937/" class="def">spinal cord</a>. It usually occurs in children aged three years and younger, although it can occur in older children and adults. </p><p id="CDR0000574573__154">About half of these tumors form in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046714/" class="def">cerebellum</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046491/" class="def">brain stem</a>. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls movement, balance, and posture. The brain stem controls breathing, heart rate, and the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000373935/" class="def">nerves</a> and muscles used in seeing, hearing, walking, talking, and eating. AT/RT may also be found in other parts of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).</p><div id="CDR0000574573__205" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Anatomy%20of%20the%20brain&p=BOOKS&id=513154_CDR0000772103.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65903.11/bin/CDR0000772103.jpg" alt="Anatomy of the brain; the right panel shows the supratentorial area (the upper part of the brain) and the posterior fossa/infratentorial area (the lower back part of the brain). The supratentorial area contains the cerebrum, lateral ventricle, third ventricle, choroid plexus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, and optic nerve. The posterior fossa/infratentorial area contains the cerebellum, tectum, fourth ventricle, and brain stem (pons and medulla). The tentorium and spinal cord are also shown. The left panel shows the cerebrum, ventricles (fluid-filled spaces), meninges, skull, cerebellum, brain stem (pons and medulla) and spinal cord." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Anatomy of the brain. The supratentorial area (the upper part of the brain) contains the cerebrum, lateral ventricle and third ventricle (with cerebrospinal fluid shown in blue), choroid plexus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, and optic nerve. The posterior fossa/infratentorial area (the lower back part of the brain) contains the cerebellum, tectum, fourth ventricle, and brain stem (pons and medulla). The tentorium separates the supratentorium from the infratentorium (right panel). The skull and meninges protect the brain and spinal cord (left panel).</p></div></div><p id="CDR0000574573__127">This summary describes the treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045847/" class="def">primary</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000387264/" class="def">brain tumors</a> (tumors that begin in the
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brain). Treatment for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044058/" class="def">metastatic</a>
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brain tumors, which are tumors formed by <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> that
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begin in other parts of the body and spread to the brain, is not covered in
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this summary. For more information, see the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000257997/">Childhood Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview</a> about the different types of childhood brain and spinal cord tumors.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__128">Brain tumors can occur in both children and adults; however,
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treatment for children may be different than treatment for adults. See
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the PDQ treatment summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062697/">Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment</a> for more information.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__9"><h3>Certain genetic changes may increase the risk of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__136">Anything that increases the risk of getting a disease is called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045873/" class="def">risk factor</a>. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn’t mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your child's doctor if you think your child may be at risk.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__129">Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor may be linked to changes in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046657/" class="def">tumor suppressor genes</a>
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<i>SMARCB1</i> or <i>SMARCA4.</i>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045693/" class="def">Genes</a> of this type make a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046092/" class="def">protein</a> that helps control cell growth. Changes in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045671/" class="def">DNA</a> of tumor suppressor genes like <i>SMARCB1</i> or <i>SMARCA4</i> may lead to cancer.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__153">Changes in the <i>SMARCB1</i> or <i>SMARCA4</i> genes may be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045098/" class="def">inherited</a> (passed on from parents to offspring). When this gene change is inherited, tumors may form in two parts of the body at the same time (for example, in the brain and the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046325/" class="def">kidney</a>). For patients with AT/RT, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044961/" class="def">genetic counseling</a> (a discussion with a trained professional about inherited diseases and a possible need for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046128/" class="def">gene testing</a>) may be recommended. </p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__12"><h3>The signs and symptoms of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor are not the same in every patient.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__199"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000750109/" class="def">Signs</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> depend on the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__200"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The child's age.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Where the tumor has formed.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000574573__201">Because atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor is fast growing, signs and symptoms may develop quickly and get worse over a period of days or weeks. Signs and symptoms may be caused by AT/RT or by other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a>. Check with your child's doctor if your child has any of the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__15"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Morning headache or headache that goes away after <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390324/" class="def">vomiting</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390302/" class="def">Nausea</a> and vomiting.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Unusual sleepiness or change in activity level.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Loss of balance, lack of coordination, or trouble walking.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Increase in head size (in infants).</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000574573__16"><h3>Tests that examine the brain and spinal cord are used to detect (find) CNS atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__18">The following tests and procedures may be used:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__19"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270871/" class="def">Physical exam</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000689078/" class="def">history</a></b>: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient's health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000322871/" class="def">Neurological exam</a></b>: A series of questions and tests to check the brain, spinal cord, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000373935/" class="def">nerve</a> function. The exam checks a person’s mental status, coordination, and ability to walk normally, and how well the muscles, senses, and reflexes work. This may also be called a neuro exam or a neurologic exam.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045788/" class="def">MRI</a> (magnetic resonance imaging)</b>: A procedure that uses a magnet, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651209/" class="def">radio waves</a>, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the brain and spinal cord. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046303/" class="def">Lumbar puncture</a></b>: A procedure used to collect <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046483/" class="def">cerebrospinal fluid</a> (CSF) from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000396787/" class="def">spinal column</a>. This is done by placing a needle between two bones in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000415914/" class="def">spine</a> and into the CSF around the spinal cord and removing a sample of fluid. The sample of CSF is checked under a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000638184/" class="def">microscope</a> for signs of tumor cells. The sample may also be checked for the amounts of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046092/" class="def">protein</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044033/" class="def">glucose</a>. A higher than normal amount of protein or lower than normal amount of glucose may be a sign of a tumor. This procedure is also called an LP or spinal tap.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><i>SMARCB1</i> and <i>SMARCA4</i> gene testing</b>: A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046590/" class="def">laboratory test</a> in which a sample of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a> is tested for the <i>SMARCB1</i> and <i>SMARCA4</i> genes.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000574573__131"><h3>Childhood atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor is diagnosed and may be removed in surgery.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__133">If doctors think there might be a brain tumor, a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045164/" class="def">biopsy</a> may be done to remove a sample of tissue. For tumors in the brain, the biopsy is done by removing part of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000763008/" class="def">skull</a> and using a needle to remove a sample of tissue. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046244/" class="def">pathologist</a> views the tissue under a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000638184/" class="def">microscope</a> to look for cancer cells. If cancer cells are found, the doctor may remove as much tumor as safely possible during the same <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a>. The pathologist checks the cancer cells to find out the type of brain tumor. It is often difficult to completely remove AT/RT because of where the tumor is in the brain and because it may already have spread at the time of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnosis</a>. <div id="CDR0000574573__191" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Craniotomy%3A%20An%20opening%20is%20made%20in%20the%20skull%20and%20a%20piece%20of%20the%20skull%20is%20removed%20to%20show%20part%20of%20the%20brain&p=BOOKS&id=513154_CDR0000691155.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65903.11/bin/CDR0000691155.jpg" alt="Drawing of a craniotomy showing a section of the scalp that has been pulled back to remove a piece of the skull; the dura covering the brain has been opened to expose the brain. The layer of muscle under the scalp is also shown." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Craniotomy: An opening is made in the skull and a piece of the skull is removed to show part of the brain.</p></div></div></p><p id="CDR0000574573__196">The following test may be done on the sample of tissue that is removed:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__197"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000653117/" class="def">Immunohistochemistry</a></b>: A test that uses <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044918/" class="def">antibodies</a> to check for certain <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046086/" class="def">antigens</a> in a sample of tissue. The antibody is usually linked to a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a> substance or a dye that causes the tissue to light up under a microscope. This test is used to tell the difference between AT/RT and other brain tumors.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000574573__20"><h3>Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__24">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045849/" class="def">prognosis</a> (chance of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454708/" class="def">recovery</a>) and treatment options depend on the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__25"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether there are certain inherited gene changes.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The age of the child.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The amount of tumor remaining after surgery.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) or to the kidney at the time of diagnosis. </div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000574573__26"><h2 id="_CDR0000574573__26_">Stages of Childhood CNS Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor</h2><div id="CDR0000574573__26.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__27">There is no standard staging system for central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000574573__27"><h3>There is no standard staging system for central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__29">The extent or spread of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> is usually described as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stages</a>. There is no standard <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000689095/" class="def">staging system</a> for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046481/" class="def">central nervous system</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000285639/" class="def">atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor</a>. </p><p id="CDR0000574573__202">For treatment, this <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> is grouped as newly <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnosed</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045862/" class="def">recurrent</a>. Treatment depends on the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__203"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The age of the child.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>How much cancer remains after <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a> to remove the tumor.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000574573__198">Results from the following procedure are also used to plan treatment:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__141"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046157/" class="def">Ultrasound</a> exam</b>: A procedure in which high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) are bounced off internal <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organs</a>, such as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046325/" class="def">kidney</a>, and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046587/" class="def">sonogram</a>. The picture can be printed to be looked at later.
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This procedure is done to check for tumors that may also have formed in the kidney.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000574573__50"><h2 id="_CDR0000574573__50_">Treatment Option Overview</h2><div id="CDR0000574573__50.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__51">There are different types of treatment for patients with central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__55">Children with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor should have their treatment planned by a team of health care providers who are experts in treating cancer in children. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__155">Childhood brain tumors may cause signs or symptoms that begin before the cancer is diagnosed and continue for months or years.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__59">Treatment for childhood central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors may cause side effects.
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</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__62"> Four types of treatment are used:</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__64">Surgery</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__159">Chemotherapy</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__68">Radiation therapy</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__88">High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__210">New types of treatment are being tested in clinical
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trials.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__192">Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__194">Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__148">Follow-up tests may be needed.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000574573__51"><h3>There are different types of treatment for patients with central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__53">Different types of treatment are available for patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046481/" class="def">central nervous system</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000285639/" class="def">atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor</a> (AT/RT). Treatment for AT/RT is usually within a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a>. A treatment clinical trial is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651211/" class="def">research study</a> meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__54">Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI website</a>. Choosing the most appropriate cancer treatment is a decision that ideally involves the patient, family, and health care team.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__55"><h3>Children with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor should have their treatment planned by a team of health care providers who are experts in treating cancer in children. </h3><p id="CDR0000574573__57">Treatment will be overseen by a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000693555/" class="def">pediatric oncologist</a>, a doctor who specializes in treating children with cancer. The pediatric oncologist works with other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046245/" class="def">pediatric</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000650566/" class="def">health care providers</a> who are experts in treating children with central nervous system cancer and who specialize in certain areas of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000482419/" class="def">medicine</a>. These may include the following <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000478785/" class="def">specialists</a>: </p><ul id="CDR0000574573__58"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000757278/" class="def">Pediatrician</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pediatric <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046269/" class="def">neurosurgeon</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046546/" class="def">Radiation oncologist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046267/" class="def">Neurologist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318821/" class="def">Pediatric nurse specialist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318825/" class="def">Rehabilitation specialist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044716/" class="def">Psychologist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044730/" class="def">Social worker</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000723337/" class="def">Geneticist</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044961/" class="def">genetic counselor</a>.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000574573__155"><h3>Childhood brain tumors may cause signs or symptoms that begin before the cancer is diagnosed and continue for months or years.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__157"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000750109/" class="def">Signs</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> caused by the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> may begin before <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnosis</a>. These signs or symptoms may continue for months or years. It is important to talk with your child's doctors about signs or symptoms caused by the tumor that may continue after treatment.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__59"><h3>Treatment for childhood central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors may cause side effects.
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</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__59_76">For information about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> that begin during treatment for cancer, see our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Side Effects</a> page.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__61">Side effects from cancer treatment that begin after treatment and continue for months or years are called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390292/" class="def">late effects</a>. Late effects of cancer treatment may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__142"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical problems.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Changes in mood, feelings, thinking, learning, or memory.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046658/" class="def">Second cancers</a> (new types of cancer).</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000574573__143">Some late effects may be treated or controlled. It is important to talk with your child's doctors about the effects cancer treatment can have on your child. (See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000373791/">Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer</a> for more information).</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__62"><h3> Four types of treatment are used:</h3><div id="CDR0000574573__64"><h4>Surgery</h4><p id="CDR0000574573__66"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">Surgery</a> is used to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnose</a> and treat CNS atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. See the <a href="#CDR0000574573__131">General Information</a> section of this summary.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__67">After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the time of the surgery, most patients will be given <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">chemotherapy</a> and possibly <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a> after surgery to kill any cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> that are left. Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045587/" class="def">adjuvant therapy</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__159"><h4>Chemotherapy</h4><p id="CDR0000574573__161">Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000348921/" class="def">drugs</a> to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing.
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</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__204"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>When chemotherapy is placed directly into the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046483/" class="def">cerebrospinal fluid</a>, an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organ</a>, or a body <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463703/" class="def">cavity</a> such as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045070/" class="def">abdomen</a>, the drugs mainly affect tumor cells in those areas (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046559/" class="def">regional chemotherapy</a>).
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Regular <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044664/" class="def">doses</a> of anticancer drugs given by mouth or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476471/" class="def">vein</a> to treat brain and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000340937/" class="def">spinal cord</a> tumors cannot cross the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046504/" class="def">blood-brain barrier</a> and reach the tumor. Anticancer drugs <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into the cerebrospinal fluid are able to reach the tumor. This is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046681/" class="def">intrathecal chemotherapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach tumor cells throughout the body (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000301626/" class="def">systemic chemotherapy</a>). High doses of some anticancer drugs given into a vein can cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the tumor.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000574573__68"><h4>Radiation therapy</h4><p id="CDR0000574573__70">
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Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-rays</a> or other types of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045072/" class="def">radiation</a> to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy:
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</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__208"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046686/" class="def">External radiation therapy</a> uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046345/" class="def">Internal radiation therapy</a> uses a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a> substance sealed in needles, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257219/" class="def">seeds</a>, wires, or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045637/" class="def">catheters</a> that are placed directly into or near the cancer.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000574573__209">The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type of tumor being treated and whether it has spread. External radiation therapy may be given to the brain and spinal cord.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__163"> Because radiation therapy can affect growth and brain development in young children, especially children who are three years old or younger, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044664/" class="def">dose</a> of radiation therapy may be lower than in older children. </p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__88"><h4>High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant</h4><p id="CDR0000574573__90"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000346522/" class="def">High-dose chemotherapy</a> with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046695/" class="def">stem cell transplant</a> is a method of giving high doses of chemotherapy and replacing <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>-forming cells destroyed by the cancer treatment. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046598/" class="def">Stem cells</a> (immature blood cells) are removed from the blood or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045622/" class="def">bone marrow</a> of the patient or a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000643010/" class="def">donor</a> and are frozen and stored. After the chemotherapy is completed, the stored stem cells are thawed and given back to the patient through an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045738/" class="def">infusion</a>. These reinfused stem cells grow into (and restore) the body’s blood cells.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000574573__210"><h3>New types of treatment are being tested in clinical
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trials.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__212">This summary section describes treatments that are being
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studied in
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||
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a>.
|
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It may not mention every new treatment being studied.
|
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Information about clinical trials is available from the
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI website</a>.</p><div id="CDR0000574573__213"><h4>Targeted therapy</h4><p id="CDR0000574573__215"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270742/" class="def">Targeted therapy</a> is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to attack specific cancer cells. Targeted therapies usually cause less harm to normal cells than chemotherapy or radiation therapy do. Targeted therapy is being studied in the treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045862/" class="def">recurrent</a> childhood central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000574573__192"><h3>Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__192_23">For some patients, taking part in a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process. Clinical trials are done to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and effective or better than the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard treatment</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__192_24">Many of today's standard treatments for cancer are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__192_25">Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__194"><h3>Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__194_29">Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop cancer from <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurring</a> (coming back) or reduce the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> of cancer treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__194_30">Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials supported by NCI can be found on NCI’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials search</a> webpage. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> website.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__148"><h3>Follow-up tests may be needed.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__175">Some of the tests that were done to diagnose the cancer may be repeated. Some tests will be repeated in order to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests. </p><p id="CDR0000574573__190">Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your child's <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">condition</a> has changed or if the cancer has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a> (come back). These tests are sometimes called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044671/" class="def">follow-up</a> tests or check-ups.
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</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000574573__164"><h2 id="_CDR0000574573__164_">Treatment Options for Newly Diagnosed Childhood CNS Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor</h2><div id="CDR0000574573__164.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__173">There is no standard treatment for patients with central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000574573__174">Combinations of treatments are used for patients with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</a></div></li></ul></div><p id="CDR0000574573__217">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000574573__62">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><div id="CDR0000574573__173"><h3>There is no standard treatment for patients with central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. </h3></div><div id="CDR0000574573__174"><h3>Combinations of treatments are used for patients with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__167">Because <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000285639/" class="def">atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor</a> (AT/RT) is fast-growing, a combination of treatments is usually given. After <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a> to remove the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a>, treatments for AT/RT may include combinations of the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__168"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chemotherapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">Radiation therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000346522/" class="def">High-dose chemotherapy</a> with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046695/" class="def">stem cell transplant</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000574573__182"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">Clinical trials</a> of new treatments should be considered for patients with newly <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnosed</a> atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. </p><p id="CDR0000574573__TrialSearch_164_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000574573__176"><h2 id="_CDR0000574573__176_">Treatment Options for Recurrent Childhood CNS Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor</h2><p id="CDR0000574573__218">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000574573__62">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__183">There is no <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard treatment</a> for patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045862/" class="def">recurrent</a> childhood <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046481/" class="def">central nervous system</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000285639/" class="def">atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor</a>. Treatment may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__216"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270742/" class="def">targeted therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial that checks a sample of the patient's <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> for certain <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045693/" class="def">gene</a> changes. The type of targeted therapy that will be given to the patient depends on the type of gene change.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000574573__TrialSearch_176_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__150"><h2 id="_CDR0000574573__150_">To Learn More about Childhood CNS Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor and Other Childhood Brain Tumors</h2><p id="CDR0000574573__151">For more information about childhood central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor and other childhood brain tumors, see the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__152"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.pbtc.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC)</a></div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000574573__150_44">For more childhood <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> information and other general cancer resources, see the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000574573__150_45"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">About Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Childhood Cancers</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="http://www.curesearch.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CureSearch for Children's Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000373791/">Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer in Children and Adolescents</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Staging</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Coping with Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/questions" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/ocs/resources/survivors.html" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">For Survivors and Caregivers</a>
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000574573__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood central nervous system atypical teratoid and rhabdoid tumor. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/pediatric-treatment" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials are listed in PDQ and can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-atrt-treatment-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cns-atrt-treatment-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389341]</p><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 2,000 scientific images.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000574573__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK65903</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26389341" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">26389341</a></span></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65903.11/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK65903.11/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65903" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65903" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. Childhood Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2018 Jul 5. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65903.24/">NBK65903.24</a></span> December 19, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65903.23/">NBK65903.23</a></span> November 13, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a 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2016</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65903.2/">NBK65903.2</a></span> September 18, 2015</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65903.1/">NBK65903.1</a></span> August 26, 2015</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this Page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CDR0000574573__1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">General Information About Childhood Central Nervous System (CNS) Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000574573__26" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Stages of Childhood CNS Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000574573__50" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment Option Overview</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000574573__164" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment Options for Newly Diagnosed Childhood CNS Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000574573__176" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment Options for Recurrent Childhood CNS Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000574573__150" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">To Learn More about Childhood CNS Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor and Other Childhood Brain Tumors</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000574573__AboutThis_1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">About This PDQ Summary</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related publications</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul 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