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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK65813_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK65813_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK65813_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Hypopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) (PDQ&#x000ae;)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: January 12, 2018.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000258014__148">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of adult hypopharyngeal cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__149">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__1"><h2 id="_CDR0000258014__1_">General Information About Hypopharyngeal Cancer</h2><div class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__2">Hypopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer)
cells form in the tissues of the hypopharynx.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__6">Use of tobacco products and heavy drinking can affect the risk
of developing hypopharyngeal cancer. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__10">Signs and symptoms of hypopharyngeal cancer include a sore throat
and ear pain. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__14">Tests that examine the throat and neck are used to help detect
(find) and diagnose hypopharyngeal cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__18">Certain factors affect prognosis (chance
of recovery) and treatment options.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258014__2"><h3>Hypopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer)
cells form in the tissues of the hypopharynx.</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__4">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a> is the
bottom part of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046061/" class="def">pharynx</a> (throat).
The pharynx is a hollow tube about 5 inches long that starts behind the nose, goes down the neck,
and ends at the top of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046623/" class="def">trachea</a>
(windpipe) and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a> (the tube
that goes from the throat to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046604/" class="def">stomach</a>). Air and food pass through the pharynx on
the way to the trachea or the esophagus. <div id="CDR0000258014__154" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Hypopharyngeal%20cancer%20forms%20in%20the%20tissues%20of%20the%20hypopharynx%20(the%20bottom%20part%20of%20the%20throat)&amp;p=BOOKS&amp;id=475841_CDR0000780507.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65813.6/bin/CDR0000780507.jpg" alt="Drawing shows areas where hypopharyngeal cancer may form or spread, including the bone under the tongue (hyoid bone), cartilage around the thyroid and trachea, the thyroid, the trachea, and the esophagus. Also shown are the upper part of the spinal column, the carotid artery, lymph nodes in the neck, and lining of the chest cavity. An inset shows a cross section of the hypopharynx, larynx, esophagus, and trachea." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Hypopharyngeal cancer forms in the tissues of the hypopharynx (the bottom part of the throat). It may spread to nearby tissues or to cartilage around the thyroid or trachea, the bone under the tongue (hyoid bone), the thyroid, the trachea, the larynx, or the esophagus. It may also spread to the lymph nodes in the neck, the carotid artery, the tissues around the upper part of the spinal column, the lining of the chest cavity, and to other parts of the body (not shown).</p></div></div></p><p id="CDR0000258014__5">Most <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446546/" class="def">hypopharyngeal cancers</a> form in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046056/" class="def">squamous cells</a>,
the thin, flat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> lining the inside of the
hypopharynx. The hypopharynx has 3 different areas. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">Cancer</a> may be found in 1 or more of these areas.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__143">Hypopharyngeal cancer is a type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257519/" class="def">head and neck cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__6"><h3>Use of tobacco products and heavy drinking can affect the risk
of developing hypopharyngeal cancer. </h3><p id="CDR0000258014__8">Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045873/" class="def">risk factor</a>. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn't mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your doctor if you think you may be at risk. Risk factors include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__9"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Smoking <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000439432/" class="def">tobacco</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chewing tobacco.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Heavy <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463134/" class="def">alcohol</a> use.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Eating a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044660/" class="def">diet</a> without enough <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044697/" class="def">nutrients</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000386432/" class="def">Plummer-Vinson syndrome</a>.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258014__10"><h3>Signs and symptoms of hypopharyngeal cancer include a sore throat
and ear pain. </h3><p id="CDR0000258014__12">These and other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000750109/" class="def">signs</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> may be caused by <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharyngeal</a> cancer or by other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a>.
Check with your doctor if you have any of the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__13"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A sore throat that does not go away.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ear pain.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A lump in the neck.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Painful or difficult swallowing. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A change in voice.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258014__14"><h3>Tests that examine the throat and neck are used to help detect
(find) and diagnose hypopharyngeal cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__16">The following tests and procedures may be used:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__17"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270871/" class="def">Physical exam</a> of the throat</b>: An exam in which
the doctor feels for swollen <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph
nodes</a> in the neck and looks down the throat with a small,
long-handled mirror to check for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a> areas.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046033/" class="def">CT scan</a> (CAT
scan)</b>: A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-ray</a> machine. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000409764/" class="def">dye</a> may be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476471/" class="def">vein</a> or swallowed to help the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organs</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a> show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.<div id="CDR0000258014__150" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Computed%20tomography%20(CT)%20scan%20of%20the%20head%20and%20neck&amp;p=BOOKS&amp;id=475841_CDR0000753850.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65813.6/bin/CDR0000753850.jpg" alt="Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck; drawing shows a patient lying on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the head and neck." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck. The patient lies on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the head and neck.</p></div></div></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046140/" class="def">PET scan</a> (positron emission tomography scan)</b>: A procedure to find <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045772/" class="def">malignant</a>
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> cells in the body. A small amount of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a>
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044033/" class="def">glucose</a> (sugar) is injected into a vein. The PET <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000386220/" class="def">scanner</a> rotates around the body and makes a picture of where glucose is being used in the body. Malignant tumor cells show up brighter in the picture because they are more active and take up more glucose than normal cells do. A PET scan and CT scan may be done at the same time. This is called a PET-CT.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045788/" class="def">MRI</a> (magnetic resonance imaging)</b>: A procedure that uses a magnet, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651209/" class="def">radio waves</a>, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046499/" class="def">Bone scan</a></b>: A procedure to check if there are rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, in the bone. A very small amount of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a> material is injected into a vein and travels through the bloodstream. The radioactive material collects in the bones and is detected by a scanner.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046514/" class="def">Barium</a> esophagogram</b>: An x-ray of the esophagus. The patient drinks a liquid that contains barium (a silver-white <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463718/" class="def">metallic</a>
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000422394/" class="def">compound</a>). The liquid coats the esophagus and x-rays are taken.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045678/" class="def">Endoscopy</a></b>: A
procedure used to look at areas in the throat that cannot be seen
with a mirror during the physical exam of the throat. An <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046428/" class="def">endoscope</a> (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted through the
nose or mouth to check the throat for anything that seems unusual. Tissue samples may be taken for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045164/" class="def">biopsy</a>. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046417/" class="def">Esophagoscopy</a></b>: A procedure to look inside the esophagus to check for abnormal areas. An esophagoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted through the mouth or nose and down the throat into the esophagus. Tissue samples may be taken for biopsy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045628/" class="def">Bronchoscopy</a></b>: A procedure to look inside the trachea and large airways in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270740/" class="def">lung</a> for abnormal areas. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046496/" class="def">bronchoscope</a> (a thin, lighted tube) is inserted through the nose or mouth into the trachea and lungs. Tissue samples may be taken for biopsy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Biopsy</b>: The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000638184/" class="def">microscope</a> to check for signs of cancer.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258014__18"><h3>Certain factors affect prognosis (chance
of recovery) and treatment options.</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__20"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045849/" class="def">Prognosis</a> (chance of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454708/" class="def">recovery</a>) depends on the
following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__98"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of the cancer (whether it
affects part of the hypopharynx, involves the whole hypopharynx, or has spread
to other places in the body). Hypopharyngeal cancer is usually detected in later stages because early signs and symptoms rarely occur.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The patient's age, gender, and general health. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The location of the cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether the patient smokes during <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__96">Treatment options depend on the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__97"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The stage of the cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Keeping the patient's ability to talk, eat, and breathe as normal as possible.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The patient's general health.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__21">Patients who have had hypopharyngeal cancer are at an increased risk of developing a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046658/" class="def">second
cancer</a> in the head or neck. Frequent and
careful <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044671/" class="def">follow-up</a> is important.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258014__22"><h2 id="_CDR0000258014__22_">Stages of Hypopharyngeal Cancer</h2><div class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__23">After hypopharyngeal cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done
to find out if cancer cells have spread within the hypopharynx or to other
parts of the body. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__120">There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__145">Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__28">The following stages are used for hypopharyngeal
cancer:</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__99">Stage 0 (Carcinoma in Situ)</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__30">Stage I</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__33">Stage II</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__37">Stage III</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__42">Stage IV</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258014__23"><h3>After hypopharyngeal cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done
to find out if cancer cells have spread within the hypopharynx or to other
parts of the body. </h3><p id="CDR0000258014__25">The process used to find out if <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> has spread within the
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a> or to other parts of the
body is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046597/" class="def">staging</a>. The
information gathered from the staging process determines the
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of the disease. It is
important to know the stage of the disease in order to plan treatment.
The results of some of the tests used to <a href="#CDR0000258014__14">diagnose</a>
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446546/" class="def">hypopharyngeal cancer</a> are often also used to stage the disease. </p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__120"><h3>There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__120_69">Cancer can spread through <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a>, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045764/" class="def">lymph system</a>, and the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__120_70"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Tissue. The cancer spreads from where it began by growing into nearby areas.
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Lymph system. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the lymph system. The cancer travels through the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000269462/" class="def">lymph vessels</a> to other parts of the body.
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the blood. The cancer travels through the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045020/" class="def">blood vessels</a> to other parts of the body.
</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258014__145"><h3>Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__145_66">When cancer spreads to another part of the body, it is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046710/" class="def">metastasis</a>. Cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> break away from where they began (the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045847/" class="def">primary tumor</a>) and travel through the lymph system or blood.</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__145_67"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Lymph system. The cancer gets into the lymph system, travels through the lymph vessels, and forms a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044058/" class="def">metastatic</a> tumor) in another part of the body.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood. The cancer gets into the blood, travels through the blood vessels, and forms a tumor (metastatic tumor) in another part of the body.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__147">The metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example, if hypopharyngeal cancer spreads to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270740/" class="def">lung</a>, the cancer cells in the lung are actually hypopharyngeal cancer cells. The disease is metastatic hypopharyngeal cancer, not lung cancer.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__28"><h3>The following stages are used for hypopharyngeal
cancer:</h3><div id="CDR0000258014__99"><h4>Stage 0 (Carcinoma in Situ)</h4><p id="CDR0000258014__101">In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000428432/" class="def">stage 0</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a>
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> are found in the lining of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a>. These abnormal cells may become <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> and spread into nearby normal <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a>. Stage 0 is also called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046488/" class="def">carcinoma in situ</a>.</p><div id="CDR0000258014__114" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Tumor%20sizes&amp;p=BOOKS&amp;id=475841_CDR0000415526.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65813.6/bin/CDR0000415526.jpg" alt="Tumor sizes; drawing shows different sizes of a tumor compared to the size of a pea (1 cm), peanut (2 cm), grape (3 cm), walnut (4 cm), lime (5 cm), egg (6 cm), peach (7 cm), and grapefruit (10 cm)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Tumor sizes. The size of a tumor may be compared to the size of a pea (1 cm), peanut (2 cm), grape (3 cm), walnut (4 cm), lime (5 cm), egg (6 cm), peach (7 cm), or grapefruit (10 cm).</p></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000258014__30"><h4>Stage I</h4><p id="CDR0000258014__32">In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046103/" class="def">stage I</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> has formed in one area of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a> only and/or the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> is 2 <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000354457/" class="def">centimeters</a> or smaller.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__33"><h4>Stage II</h4><p id="CDR0000258014__35">In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046104/" class="def">stage II</a>, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> is either:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__36"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>larger than 2 <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000354457/" class="def">centimeters</a> but not larger than 4 centimeters and has not spread to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046026/" class="def">larynx</a>
(voice box); or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>found in more than one area of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a> or in nearby
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a>.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258014__37"><h4>Stage III</h4><p id="CDR0000258014__39">In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046101/" class="def">stage III</a>, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a>:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__136"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>is larger than 4 <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000354457/" class="def">centimeters</a> or has spread to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046026/" class="def">larynx</a> (voice box) or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a>. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">Cancer</a> may have spread to one <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph node</a> on the same side of the neck as the tumor and the lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller; or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>has spread to one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the tumor and the lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller and cancer is found:<dl id="CDR0000258014__140" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">in one area of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a> and/or is 2 centimeters or smaller; or</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">in more than one area of the hypopharynx or in nearby <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a>, or is larger than 2 centimeters but not larger than 4 centimeters and has not spread to the larynx.</p></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258014__42"><h4>Stage IV</h4><p id="CDR0000258014__44"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046102/" class="def">Stage IV</a> is divided
into <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430497/" class="def">stage IVA</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000428436/" class="def">IVB</a>, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000428437/" class="def">IVC</a> as follows:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__45"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430497/" class="def">stage IVA</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>:<dl id="CDR0000258014__137" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">has spread to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044190/" class="def">cartilage</a> around the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046036/" class="def">thyroid</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046623/" class="def">trachea</a>, the bone under the tongue, the thyroid, or nearby <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045882/" class="def">soft tissue</a>. Cancer may have spread to one <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph node</a> on the same side of the neck as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> and the lymph node is 3 <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000354457/" class="def">centimeters</a> or smaller; or</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">has spread to one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the tumor (the lymph node is larger than 3 centimeters but not larger than 6 centimeters) or to lymph nodes anywhere in the neck (affected lymph nodes are 6 centimeters or smaller), and one of the following is true:<ul id="CDR0000258014__139"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>cancer is found in one area of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a> and/or is 2 centimeters or smaller; or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>cancer is found in more than one area of the hypopharynx or in nearby <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a>, or is larger than 2 centimeters but not larger than 4 centimeters and has not spread to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046026/" class="def">larynx</a> (voice box); or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>cancer has spread to the larynx or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a> and is more than 4 centimeters; or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div> cancer has spread to cartilage around the thyroid or trachea, the bone under the tongue, the thyroid, or nearby soft tissue.</div></li></ul>
</p></dd></dl></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000428436/" class="def">stage IVB</a>, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a>:<dl id="CDR0000258014__111" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">has spread to muscles around the upper part of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000396787/" class="def">spinal column</a>, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000396786/" class="def">carotid artery</a>, or the lining of the chest <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463703/" class="def">cavity</a> and may have spread to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a> which can be any size; or</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">may be any size and has spread to one or more lymph nodes that are larger than 6 <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000354457/" class="def">centimeters</a>.</p></dd></dl></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000428437/" class="def">stage IVC</a>, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> may be any size and has spread beyond the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a> to
other parts of the body.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000258014__46"><h2 id="_CDR0000258014__46_">Recurrent Hypopharyngeal Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258014__47"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045862/" class="def">Recurrent</a>
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446546/" class="def">hypopharyngeal
cancer</a> is <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> that has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a>
(come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come
back in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a> or in other
parts of the body. </p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__48"><h2 id="_CDR0000258014__48_">Treatment Option Overview</h2><div class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__49">There are different types of treatment for patients with
hypopharyngeal cancer. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__53">Three types of standard treatment are used:</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__56">Surgery </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__61">Radiation therapy
</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__65">Chemotherapy </a></div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__68">New types of treatment are being tested in clinical
trials.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__128">Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__130">Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258014__132">Follow-up tests may be needed.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258014__49"><h3>There are different types of treatment for patients with
hypopharyngeal cancer. </h3><p id="CDR0000258014__51">Different types of treatment are available for patients with
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446546/" class="def">hypopharyngeal cancer</a>. Some treatments
are <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard</a> (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a>. A
treatment clinical trial is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651211/" class="def">research study</a> meant to help improve current
treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>.
When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the
standard treatment, the new
treatment may become the standard treatment. Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__53"><h3>Three types of standard treatment are used:</h3><div id="CDR0000258014__56"><h4>Surgery </h4><p id="CDR0000258014__58"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">Surgery</a> (removing the cancer in
an operation) is a common treatment for all <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stages</a> of hypopharyngeal cancer. The following
surgical procedures may be used:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__59"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Laryngopharyngectomy: Surgery to remove the
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046026/" class="def">larynx</a> (voice box) and part of
the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046061/" class="def">pharynx</a> (throat).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Partial laryngopharyngectomy: Surgery to remove part of the
larynx and part of the pharynx. A partial laryngopharyngectomy prevents loss of
the voice. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046281/" class="def">Neck dissection</a>:
Surgery to remove <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a> and
other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a> in the neck.
</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__60">Even if the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the
time of the surgery, some patients may be given <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">chemotherapy</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation
therapy</a> after surgery to kill any cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> that are left. Treatment given
after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045587/" class="def">adjuvant therapy</a>. </p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__61"><h4>Radiation therapy
</h4><p id="CDR0000258014__63">Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-rays</a> or other types of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045072/" class="def">radiation</a> to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__152"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046686/" class="def">External radiation therapy</a> uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. <div id="CDR0000258014__151" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=External-beam%20radiation%20therapy%20of%20the%20head%20and%20neck&amp;p=BOOKS&amp;id=475841_CDR0000732667.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65813.6/bin/CDR0000732667.jpg" alt="External-beam radiation therapy of the head and neck; drawing shows a patient lying on a table under a machine that is used to aim high-energy radiation at the cancer. An inset shows a mesh mask that helps keep the patient's head and neck from moving during treatment. The mask has pieces of white tape with small ink marks on it. The ink marks are used to line up the radiation machine in the same position before each treatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>External-beam radiation therapy of the head and neck. A machine is used to aim high-energy radiation at the cancer. The machine can rotate around the patient, delivering radiation from many different angles to provide highly conformal treatment. A mesh mask helps keep the patient&#x02019;s head and neck from moving during treatment. Small ink marks are put on the mask. The ink marks are used to line up the radiation machine in the same position before each treatment.</p></div></div></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046345/" class="def">Internal radiation therapy</a> uses a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a> substance sealed in needles, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257219/" class="def">seeds</a>, wires, or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045637/" class="def">catheters</a> that are placed directly into or near the cancer.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__153">The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. External radiation therapy is used to treat hypopharyngeal cancer.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__64">Radiation therapy may work better in patients who have
stopped smoking before beginning treatment. External radiation therapy to the
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046036/" class="def">thyroid</a> or the
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046229/" class="def">pituitary gland</a> may change the way
the thyroid gland works. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000688783/" class="def">blood test</a> to check the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044558/" class="def">thyroid hormone</a> level in the body may be done before
and after therapy to make sure the thyroid gland is working properly. </p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__65"><h4>Chemotherapy </h4><p id="CDR0000258014__67">Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000348921/" class="def">drugs</a> to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping the cells from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476471/" class="def">vein</a> or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000301626/" class="def">systemic chemotherapy</a>). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046483/" class="def">cerebrospinal fluid</a>, an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organ</a>, or a body <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463703/" class="def">cavity</a> such as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045070/" class="def">abdomen</a>, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046559/" class="def">regional chemotherapy</a>). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__109">Chemotherapy may be used to shrink the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> before surgery or radiation therapy. This is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045800/" class="def">neoadjuvant</a> chemotherapy.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__141">See <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/head-neck" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Drugs Approved for Head and Neck Cancer</a> for more information. (Hypopharyngeal cancer is a type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257519/" class="def">head and neck cancer</a>.)</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258014__68"><h3>New types of treatment are being tested in clinical
trials.</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__71">Information about clinical trials is available from the
<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NCI website</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__128"><h3>Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__128_23">For some patients, taking part in a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process. Clinical trials are done to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and effective or better than the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard treatment</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__128_24">Many of today's standard treatments for cancer are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__128_25">Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__130"><h3>Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__130_29">Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop cancer from <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurring</a> (coming back) or reduce the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> of cancer treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__130_30">Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials supported by NCI can be found on NCI&#x02019;s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">clinical trials search</a> webpage. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> website.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__132"><h3>Follow-up tests may be needed.</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__132_33">Some of the tests that were done to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnose</a> the cancer or to find out the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of the cancer may be repeated. Some tests will be repeated in order to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__132_34">Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">condition</a> has changed or if the cancer has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a> (come back). These tests are sometimes called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044671/" class="def">follow-up</a> tests or check-ups.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__134">For hypopharyngeal cancer, follow-up to check for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045861/" class="def">recurrence</a> should include careful head and neck exams once a month in the first year after treatment ends, every 2 months in the second year, every 3 months in the third year, and every 6 months thereafter.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258014__72"><h2 id="_CDR0000258014__72_">Treatment Options by Stage </h2><div id="CDR0000258014__73"><h3>Stage I Hypopharyngeal Cancer</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__74">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046103/" class="def">stage I hypopharyngeal
cancer</a> may include the following: </p><ul id="CDR0000258014__75"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Laryngopharyngectomy and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046281/" class="def">neck dissection</a> with or without
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440106/" class="def">high-dose radiation</a>
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044737/" class="def">therapy</a> to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a>
of the neck.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Partial laryngopharyngectomy with or without high-dose radiation
therapy to the lymph nodes on both sides of the neck.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__TrialSearch_73_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__76"><h3>Stage II Hypopharyngeal Cancer</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__77">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046104/" class="def">stage II hypopharyngeal
cancer</a> may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__78"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Laryngopharyngectomy and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046281/" class="def">neck dissection</a>. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440106/" class="def">High-dose radiation</a>
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044737/" class="def">therapy</a> to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a> of the neck may be given before or after <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Partial laryngopharyngectomy. High-dose radiation therapy to the lymph nodes of the neck may be given before or after surgery.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a> given during or after <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a> or after surgery.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of chemotherapy followed by
radiation therapy or surgery.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__TrialSearch_76_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__79"><h3>Stage III Hypopharyngeal Cancer</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__80">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046101/" class="def">stage III hypopharyngeal
cancer</a> may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__81"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">Radiation therapy</a> before or after <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a> given during or after radiation therapy or after surgery.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of chemotherapy followed by surgery and/or radiation
therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial
of chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial of surgery followed by chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__112">Treatment and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044671/" class="def">follow-up</a> of stage III hypopharyngeal cancer is complex and is ideally overseen by a team of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000478785/" class="def">specialists</a> with experience and expertise in treating this type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>. If all or part of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a> is removed, the patient may need <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000269468/" class="def">plastic surgery</a> and other special help with breathing, eating, and talking. </p><p id="CDR0000258014__TrialSearch_79_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__83"><h3>Stage IV Hypopharyngeal Cancer</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__84">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046102/" class="def">stage IV hypopharyngeal
cancer</a> that can be treated with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a> may include the
following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__85"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">Radiation therapy</a> before or after surgery.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">chemotherapy</a> followed by surgery and/or radiation
therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial of surgery followed by chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__113">Surgical treatment and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044671/" class="def">follow-up</a> of stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer is complex and is ideally overseen by a team of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000478785/" class="def">specialists</a> with experience and expertise in treating this type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>. If all or part of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046029/" class="def">hypopharynx</a> is removed, the patient may need <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000269468/" class="def">plastic surgery</a> and other special help with breathing, eating, and talking. </p><p id="CDR0000258014__86">Treatment of stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer that cannot be treated
with surgery may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__87"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiation therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation
therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial of radiation therapy with chemotherapy.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__TrialSearch_83_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258014__89"><h2 id="_CDR0000258014__89_">Treatment Options for Recurrent and Metastatic Hypopharyngeal Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258014__90">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446546/" class="def">hypopharyngeal cancer</a> that has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a> (come back) or that has spread to other parts of the body may include the
following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__91"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">Surgery</a>. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">Radiation
therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of
chemotherapy.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__TrialSearch_89_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__115"><h2 id="_CDR0000258014__115_">To Learn More About Hypopharyngeal Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258014__116">For more information from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044266/" class="def">National Cancer Institute</a> about hypopharyngeal cancer, see the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__142"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Head and Neck Cancer Home Page</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062871/">Oral Complications of Chemotherapy and Head/Neck Radiation</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/head-neck" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Drugs Approved for Head and Neck Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/head-neck-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Head and Neck Cancers</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Tobacco</a> (includes help with quitting)</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258014__115_40">For general <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> information and other resources from the National Cancer Institute, see the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258014__115_41"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">About Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Staging</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/chemo-and-you" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Chemotherapy and You: Support for People With Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/radiation-therapy-and-you" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Radiation Therapy and You: Support for People With Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Coping with Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/questions" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/ocs/resources/survivors.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">For Survivors and Caregivers</a>
</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000258014__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government&#x02019;s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of adult hypopharyngeal cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change.
</p><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/adult-treatment" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</a>.
</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
</p><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials are listed in PDQ and can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. Many cancer doctors who take part in clinical trials are also listed in PDQ. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as &#x0201c;NCI&#x02019;s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].&#x0201d;
</p><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_21">PDQ&#x000ae; Adult Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Hypopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult). Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated &#x0003c;MM/DD/YYYY&#x0003e;. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/hypopharyngeal-treatment-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/hypopharyngeal-treatment-pdq</a>. Accessed &#x0003c;MM/DD/YYYY&#x0003e;. [PMID: 26389254]</p><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 2,000 scientific images.
</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000258014__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website&#x02019;s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div>
<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK65813</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26389254" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">26389254</a></span></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65813.6/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK65813.6/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65813" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65813" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Hypopharyngeal Cancer Treatment (Adult) (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2018 Jan 12. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65813.13/">NBK65813.13</a></span> November 22, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65813.12/">NBK65813.12</a></span> November 8, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a 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href="/books/NBK65813.1/">NBK65813.1</a></span> May 19, 2015</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this Page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CDR0000258014__1" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">General Information About Hypopharyngeal Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258014__22" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Stages of Hypopharyngeal Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258014__46" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Recurrent Hypopharyngeal Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258014__48" ref="log$=inpage&amp;link_id=inpage">Treatment Option Overview</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258014__72" 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