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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK65807_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK65807_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK65807_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Hairy Cell Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: October 30, 2019.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000258013__183">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__184">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__1"><h2 id="_CDR0000258013__1_">General Information About Hairy Cell Leukemia</h2><div id="CDR0000258013__1.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__2">Hairy cell leukemia is a type of cancer in which
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the bone
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marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__171">Leukemia may affect red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__8">Gender and age may affect the risk of hairy cell leukemia.
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</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__11">Signs and symptoms of hairy cell leukemia include infections, tiredness, and pain below the ribs. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__15">Tests that examine the blood and bone marrow are used to detect
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(find) and diagnose hairy cell leukemia.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__93">Certain factors affect treatment options and prognosis (chance
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of recovery).</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258013__2"><h3>Hairy cell leukemia is a type of cancer in which
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the bone
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marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__4"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045159/" class="def">Hairy cell leukemia</a> is
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a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045622/" class="def">bone marrow</a>. This rare type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045343/" class="def">leukemia</a> gets worse slowly or does not get worse at all. The disease is called hairy cell leukemia
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because the leukemia cells look "hairy" when viewed
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under a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000638184/" class="def">microscope</a>.</p><div id="CDR0000258013__181" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Anatomy%20of%20the%20bone&p=BOOKS&id=549320_CDR0000755927.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65807.7/bin/CDR0000755927.jpg" alt="Anatomy of the bone; drawing shows spongy bone, red marrow, and yellow marrow. A cross section of the bone shows compact bone and blood vessels in the bone marrow. Also shown are red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and a blood stem cell." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Anatomy of the bone. The bone is made up of compact bone, spongy bone, and bone marrow. Compact bone makes up the outer layer of the bone. Spongy bone is found mostly at the ends of bones and contains red marrow. Bone marrow is found in the center of most bones and has many blood vessels. There are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow. Red marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. Yellow marrow is made mostly of fat.</p></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000258013__171"><h3>Leukemia may affect red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__173">Normally,
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the bone marrow makes <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000765906/" class="def">blood stem cells</a> (immature <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a>) that become mature blood cells over time. A blood stem cell may become a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046279/" class="def">myeloid</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046598/" class="def">stem cell</a> or a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046298/" class="def">lymphoid</a> stem cell. </p><p id="CDR0000258013__174">A myeloid stem cell becomes one of three types of mature blood cells:</p><ul id="CDR0000258013__175"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046124/" class="def">Red blood cells</a>
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that carry <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000538149/" class="def">oxygen</a> and other substances to all <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissues</a> of the body.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045993/" class="def">White blood cells</a> that fight <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045364/" class="def">infection</a> and disease.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045840/" class="def">Platelets</a> that form <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476017/" class="def">blood clots</a> to stop bleeding.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258013__176">A lymphoid stem cell becomes a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000302475/" class="def">lymphoblast</a> cell and then into one of three types of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045765/" class="def">lymphocytes</a> (white blood cells): </p><ul id="CDR0000258013__177"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044953/" class="def">B lymphocytes</a> that make <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044918/" class="def">antibodies</a> to help fight infection.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000467345/" class="def">T lymphocytes</a> that help B lymphocytes make antibodies to help fight infection.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044062/" class="def">Natural killer cells</a> that attack cancer cells and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045941/" class="def">viruses</a>.</div></li></ul><div id="CDR0000258013__132" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Blood%20cell%20development&p=BOOKS&id=549320_CDR0000526538.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65807.7/bin/CDR0000526538.jpg" alt="Blood cell development; drawing shows the steps a blood stem cell goes through to become a red blood cell, platelet, or white blood cell. A myeloid stem cell becomes a red blood cell, a platelet, or a myeloblast, which then becomes a granulocyte (the types of granulocytes are eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils). A lymphoid stem cell becomes a lymphoblast and then becomes a B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, or natural killer cell." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Blood cell development. A blood stem cell goes through several steps to become a red blood cell, platelet, or white blood cell. </p></div></div><p id="CDR0000258013__178">In hairy cell leukemia, too many blood stem cells become lymphocytes. These lymphocytes are <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a> and do not become healthy white blood cells. They are also called leukemia cells. The leukemia cells can build up in the blood and bone marrow so there is less room for healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This may cause infection, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045360/" class="def">anemia</a>, and easy bleeding. Some of the leukemia cells may collect in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046593/" class="def">spleen</a> and cause it to swell.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__179">This summary is about hairy cell leukemia.
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See the following <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> summaries for information about other types of leukemia:</p><ul id="CDR0000258013__180"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000257989/">Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000258001/">Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000258005/">Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000257990/">Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000258000/">Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia/Other Myeloid Malignancies Treatment</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000258006/">Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Treatment</a>.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258013__8"><h3>Gender and age may affect the risk of hairy cell leukemia.
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</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__10">Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045873/" class="def">risk factor</a>. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn’t mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your doctor if you think you may be at risk. The cause of hairy cell leukemia is unknown. It occurs more often in older men. </p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__11"><h3>Signs and symptoms of hairy cell leukemia include infections, tiredness, and pain below the ribs. </h3><p id="CDR0000258013__13">These and other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000750109/" class="def">signs</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> may be caused by hairy cell leukemia or by other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a>.
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Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: </p><ul id="CDR0000258013__14"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Weakness or feeling tired.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450108/" class="def">Fever</a> or frequent infections.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Easy bruising or bleeding.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Shortness of breath.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight loss for no known reason.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Painless lumps in the neck, underarm, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046604/" class="def">stomach</a>, or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046375/" class="def">groin</a>.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258013__15"><h3>Tests that examine the blood and bone marrow are used to detect
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(find) and diagnose hairy cell leukemia.</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__17">The following tests and procedures may be used:</p><ul id="CDR0000258013__18"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270871/" class="def">Physical exam</a> and health history</b>: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as a swollen spleen, lumps, or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient’s health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045107/" class="def">Complete blood
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count</a> (CBC)</b>: A procedure in which a sample of blood is drawn and
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checked for the following:
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<dl id="CDR0000258013__92" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">The number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and
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platelets.</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">The amount of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045108/" class="def">hemoglobin</a> (the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046092/" class="def">protein</a> that carries oxygen) in
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the red blood cells.</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">The portion of the sample made up of red blood
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cells.</p></dd></dl><div id="CDR0000258013__126" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Complete%20blood%20count%20(CBC)&p=BOOKS&id=549320_CDR0000526546.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65807.7/bin/CDR0000526546.jpg" alt="Complete blood count (CBC); left panel shows blood being drawn from a vein on the inside of the elbow using a tube attached to a syringe; right panel shows a laboratory test tube with blood cells separated into layers: plasma, white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Complete blood count (CBC). Blood is collected by inserting a needle into a vein and allowing the blood to flow into a tube. The blood sample is sent to the laboratory and the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are counted. The CBC is used to test for, diagnose, and monitor many different conditions.</p></div></div></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390307/" class="def">Peripheral blood smear</a></b>: A procedure in which a sample of blood is checked for cells that look "hairy," the number and kinds of white blood cells, the number of platelets, and changes in the shape of blood cells.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000304685/" class="def">Blood chemistry studies</a></b>: A procedure in which a blood sample is checked to measure the amounts of certain substances released into the blood by <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organs</a> and tissues in the body. An unusual (higher or lower than normal) amount of a substance can be a sign of disease.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000669655/" class="def">Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy</a></b>: The removal of bone marrow, blood, and a small piece of bone by inserting a hollow needle into the hipbone or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000549425/" class="def">breastbone</a>. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046244/" class="def">pathologist</a> views the bone marrow, blood, and bone under a microscope to look for signs of cancer.<div id="CDR0000258013__139" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Bone%20marrow%20aspiration%20and%20biopsy&p=BOOKS&id=549320_CDR0000554337.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65807.7/bin/CDR0000554337.jpg" alt="Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy; drawing shows a patient lying face down on a table and a bone marrow needle being inserted into the hip bone. Inset shows the bone marrow needle being inserted through the skin into the bone marrow of the hip bone." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. After a small area of skin is numbed, a bone marrow needle is inserted into the patient’s hip bone. Samples of blood, bone, and bone marrow are removed for examination under a microscope.</p></div></div></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000341450/" class="def">Immunophenotyping</a></b>: A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046590/" class="def">laboratory test</a> that uses antibodies to identify cancer cells based on the types of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046086/" class="def">antigens</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045776/" class="def">markers</a> on the surface of the cells. This test is used to help <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnose</a> specific types of leukemia.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000335066/" class="def">Flow cytometry</a></b>: A laboratory test that measures the number of cells in a sample, the percentage of live cells in a sample, and certain characteristics of the cells, such as size, shape, and the presence of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> (or other) <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046636/" class="def">markers</a> on the cell surface. The cells from a sample of a patient’s blood, bone marrow, or other tissue are stained with a fluorescent dye, placed in a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044669/" class="def">fluid</a>, and then passed one at a time through a beam of light. The test results are based on how the cells that were stained with the fluorescent dye react to the beam of light. This test is used to help diagnose and manage certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045368/" class="def">lymphoma</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270737/" class="def">Cytogenetic</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390238/" class="def">analysis</a></b>: A laboratory test in which the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046470/" class="def">chromosomes</a> of cells in a sample of blood or bone marrow are counted and checked for any changes, such as broken, missing, rearranged, or extra chromosomes. Changes in certain chromosomes may be a sign of cancer. Cytogenetic analysis is used to help diagnose cancer, plan treatment, or find out how well treatment is working.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000561325/" class="def">BRAF gene</a> testing</b>: A laboratory test in which a sample of blood or tissue is tested for certain changes in the <i>BRAF</i> gene. A <i>BRAF</i> gene <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046063/" class="def">mutation</a> is often found in patients with hairy cell leukemia.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046033/" class="def">CT scan</a> (CAT scan)</b>: A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-ray</a> machine. A dye may be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476471/" class="def">vein</a> or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography. A CT scan of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045070/" class="def">abdomen</a> may be done to check for swollen <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a> or a swollen spleen.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258013__93"><h3>Certain factors affect treatment options and prognosis (chance
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of recovery).</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__22">The treatment options may depend on the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258013__94"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The number of hairy (leukemia) cells and healthy blood cells in the blood and bone marrow.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether the spleen is swollen.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether there are signs or symptoms of leukemia, such as infection.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether the leukemia has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a> (come back) after previous treatment.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258013__121">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045849/" class="def">prognosis</a> (chance of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454708/" class="def">recovery</a>) depends on the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258013__120"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether the hairy cell leukemia does not grow or grows so slowly it does not need treatment.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether the hairy cell leukemia <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044085/" class="def">responds</a> to treatment.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258013__122">Treatment often results in a long-lasting <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045867/" class="def">remission</a> (a period during which some or all of the signs and symptoms of the leukemia are gone). If the leukemia returns after it has been in remission, retreatment often causes another remission. </p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258013__23"><h2 id="_CDR0000258013__23_">Stages of Hairy Cell Leukemia</h2><div id="CDR0000258013__23.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__144">There is no standard staging system for hairy cell leukemia.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258013__144"><h3>There is no standard staging system for hairy cell leukemia.</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__193"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046597/" class="def">Staging</a> is the process
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used to find out how far the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> has spread. There is no standard <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000689095/" class="def">staging system</a> for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045159/" class="def">hairy cell leukemia</a>. </p><p id="CDR0000258013__187">In untreated <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045159/" class="def">hairy cell leukemia</a>, some or all of the following <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a> occur:</p><ul id="CDR0000258013__150"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hairy (leukemia) <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> are found in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045622/" class="def">bone marrow</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The number of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046124/" class="def">red blood cells</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045993/" class="def">white blood cells</a>, or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045840/" class="def">platelets</a> may be lower than normal.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046593/" class="def">spleen</a> may be larger than normal.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000258013__32"><h2 id="_CDR0000258013__32_">Relapsed or Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia</h2><p id="CDR0000258013__33"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045866/" class="def">Relapsed</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045159/" class="def">hairy cell leukemia</a> has come back after treatment. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045863/" class="def">Refractory</a> hairy cell leukemia has not <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044085/" class="def">responded</a> to treatment. </p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__34"><h2 id="_CDR0000258013__34_">Treatment Option Overview</h2><div id="CDR0000258013__34.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__35">There are different types of treatment for patients with hairy
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cell leukemia. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__39">Five types of standard treatment are used:</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__115">Watchful waiting</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__41">Chemotherapy </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__44">Biologic therapy</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__47">Surgery </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__160">Targeted therapy</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__168">New types of treatment are being tested in clinical
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trials.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__194">Treatment for hairy cell leukemia may cause side effects.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__133">Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__135">Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258013__137">Follow-up tests may be needed.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258013__35"><h3>There are different types of treatment for patients with hairy
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cell leukemia. </h3><p id="CDR0000258013__37">Different types of treatment are available for patients with
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045159/" class="def">hairy cell leukemia</a>. Some treatments
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are <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard</a> (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a>. A
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treatment clinical trial is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651211/" class="def">research study</a> meant to help improve current
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treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>.
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When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the
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standard treatment, the new
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treatment may become the standard treatment. Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__39"><h3>Five types of standard treatment are used:</h3><div id="CDR0000258013__115"><h4>Watchful waiting</h4><p id="CDR0000258013__117"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045942/" class="def">Watchful waiting</a> is closely <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454803/" class="def">monitoring</a> a patient's <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">condition</a>, without giving any treatment until <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000750109/" class="def">signs</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> appear or change.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__41"><h4>Chemotherapy </h4><p id="CDR0000258013__111"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a> is a cancer treatment that uses <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000348921/" class="def">drugs</a> to stop the growth of cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a>, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476471/" class="def">vein</a> or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000301626/" class="def">systemic chemotherapy</a>). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046483/" class="def">cerebrospinal fluid</a>, an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organ</a>, or a body <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463703/" class="def">cavity</a> such as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045070/" class="def">abdomen</a>, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046559/" class="def">regional chemotherapy</a>). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of the cancer being treated. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045341/" class="def">Cladribine</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045190/" class="def">pentostatin</a> are anticancer drugs commonly used to treat hairy cell leukemia. These drugs may increase the risk of other types of cancer, especially <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270800/" class="def">Hodgkin lymphoma</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045148/" class="def">non-Hodgkin lymphoma</a>. Long-term <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044671/" class="def">follow up</a> for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046658/" class="def">second cancers</a> is very important.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__186">See <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/leukemia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Drugs Approved for Hairy Cell Leukemia</a> for more information.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__44"><h4>Biologic therapy</h4><p id="CDR0000258013__46"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045617/" class="def">Biologic
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therapy</a> is a cancer treatment that uses the patient’s <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046356/" class="def">immune system</a> to fight cancer. Substances made by the body or made in a laboratory are used to boost, direct, or restore the body’s natural defenses against cancer. This type of cancer treatment is also called biotherapy or immunotherapy. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045324/" class="def">Interferon alfa</a> is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000415238/" class="def">biologic agent</a> commonly used to treat hairy cell leukemia.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__182">See <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/leukemia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Drugs Approved for Hairy Cell Leukemia</a> for more information.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__47"><h4>Surgery </h4><p id="CDR0000258013__49"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046594/" class="def">Splenectomy</a> is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgical</a> procedure to remove the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046593/" class="def">spleen</a>. </p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__160"><h4>Targeted therapy</h4><p id="CDR0000258013__162"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270742/" class="def">Targeted therapy</a> is a treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046066/" class="def">Monoclonal antibody</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044737/" class="def">therapy</a> is a type of targeted therapy used to treat hairy cell leukemia.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__163">Monoclonal antibody therapy uses <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044918/" class="def">antibodies</a> made in the laboratory from a single type of immune system cell. These antibodies can identify substances on cancer cells or normal substances that may help cancer cells grow. The antibodies attach to the substances and kill the cancer cells, block their growth, or keep them from spreading. Monoclonal antibodies are given by <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045738/" class="def">infusion</a>. They may be used alone or to carry drugs, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046622/" class="def">toxins</a>, or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a> material directly to cancer cells.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__167">A monoclonal antibody called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045525/" class="def">rituximab</a> may be used for certain patients with hairy cell leukemia.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__185">Other types of targeted therapies are being studied.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258013__168"><h3>New types of treatment are being tested in clinical
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trials.</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__170">Information about clinical trials is available from the
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI website</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__194"><h3>Treatment for hairy cell leukemia may cause side effects.</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__194_73">For information about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> caused by treatment for cancer, see our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Side Effects</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__133"><h3>Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__133_23">For some patients, taking part in a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process. Clinical trials are done to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and effective or better than the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard treatment</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__133_24">Many of today's standard treatments for cancer are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__133_25">Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__135"><h3>Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__135_29">Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop cancer from <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurring</a> (coming back) or reduce the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> of cancer treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__135_30">Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials supported by NCI can be found on NCI’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials search</a> webpage. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> website.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__137"><h3>Follow-up tests may be needed.</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__137_33">Some of the tests that were done to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnose</a> the cancer or to find out the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of the cancer may be repeated. Some tests will be repeated in order to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__137_34">Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">condition</a> has changed or if the cancer has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a> (come back). These tests are sometimes called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044671/" class="def">follow-up</a> tests or check-ups.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258013__83"><h2 id="_CDR0000258013__83_">Treatment Options for Hairy Cell Leukemia</h2><p id="CDR0000258013__196">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000258013__39">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__188">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045159/" class="def">hairy cell leukemia</a> may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258013__189"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045617/" class="def">Biologic therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046594/" class="def">Splenectomy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of chemotherapy and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270742/" class="def">targeted therapy</a> with a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046066/" class="def">monoclonal antibody</a> (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045525/" class="def">rituximab</a>).</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258013__TrialSearch_83_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__190"><h2 id="_CDR0000258013__190_">Treatment Options for Relapsed or Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia</h2><p id="CDR0000258013__197">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000258013__39">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__191">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045866/" class="def">relapsed</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045863/" class="def">refractory</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045159/" class="def">hairy cell leukemia</a> may include the
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following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258013__192"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045617/" class="def">Biologic therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270742/" class="def">Targeted therapy</a> with a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046066/" class="def">monoclonal antibody</a> (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045525/" class="def">rituximab</a>).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000346522/" class="def">High-dose chemotherapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of a new biologic therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial of a new targeted therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial of chemotherapy and targeted therapy with a monoclonal antibody (rituximab).</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258013__TrialSearch_190_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__123"><h2 id="_CDR0000258013__123_">To Learn More About Hairy Cell Leukemia</h2><p id="CDR0000258013__124">For more information from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044266/" class="def">National Cancer Institute</a> about hairy cell leukemia, see the following: </p><ul id="CDR0000258013__125"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Leukemia Home Page</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/leukemia" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Drugs Approved for Hairy Cell Leukemia</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Immunotherapy to Treat Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies/targeted-therapies-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Targeted Cancer Therapies</a></div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258013__123_40">For general <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> information and other resources from the National Cancer Institute, see the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258013__123_41"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">About Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Staging</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/chemo-and-you" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Chemotherapy and You: Support for People With Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/radiation-therapy-and-you" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Radiation Therapy and You: Support for People With Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Coping with Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/questions" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/ocs/resources/survivors.html" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">For Survivors and Caregivers</a>
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000258013__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/adult-treatment" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Hairy Cell Leukemia Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389248]</p><p id="CDR0000258013__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65807.7/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK65807.7/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65807" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65807" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Hairy Cell Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2019 Oct 30. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65807.14/">NBK65807.14</a></span> September 20, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65807.13/">NBK65807.13</a></span> June 23, 2023</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a 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href="/books/NBK65807.2/">NBK65807.2</a></span> September 21, 2015</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65807.1/">NBK65807.1</a></span> November 11, 2014</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this Page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CDR0000258013__1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">General Information About Hairy Cell Leukemia</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258013__23" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Stages of Hairy Cell Leukemia</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258013__32" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Relapsed or Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258013__34" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment Option Overview</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258013__83" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment Options for Hairy Cell Leukemia</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258013__190" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment Options for Relapsed or Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258013__123" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">To Learn More About Hairy Cell Leukemia</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258013__AboutThis_1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">About This PDQ Summary</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related publications</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65741/">Health Professional Version</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389485" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389183" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389283" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389388" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Melanoma Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Melanoma Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389197" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Retinoblastoma Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer 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