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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK65792_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK65792_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK65792_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Health Professional Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: May 14, 2015.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000062745__88">This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of male breast cancer. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.</p><p id="CDR0000062745__89">This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__1"><h2 id="_CDR0000062745__1_">General Information About Male Breast Cancer</h2><div id="CDR0000062745__71"><h3>Incidence and Mortality</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__34">Estimated new cases and deaths from breast cancer (men only) in the United States in 2015:[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_1">1</a>]</p><ul id="CDR0000062745__35"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>New cases: 2,350.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Deaths: 440.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000062745__2">Male breast cancer is rare.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_2">2</a>] Less than 1% of all breast carcinomas occur in
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men.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_3">3</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_4">4</a>] The mean age at diagnosis is between 60 and 70 years, though men of all
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ages can be affected with the disease.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__74"><h3>Risk Factors</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__3">Predisposing risk factors [<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_5">5</a>] appear to include radiation exposure, estrogen
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administration, and diseases associated with hyperestrogenism, such as
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cirrhosis or Klinefelter syndrome.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_6">6</a>] Definite familial
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tendencies are evident with an increased incidence seen in men who have a number of female
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relatives with breast cancer. An increased risk of male breast cancer has been
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reported in families in which the <i>BRCA2</i> mutation on chromosome 13q has been
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identified.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_7">7</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_8">8</a>]
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__75"><h3>Histopathology</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__4">The pathology is similar to that of female breast cancer, and infiltrating
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ductal cancer is the most common tumor type.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_9">9</a>] Intraductal cancer has been
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described as well. Inflammatory carcinoma and Paget disease of the nipple
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have also been seen in men, but lobular carcinoma <i>in situ</i> has not.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_9">9</a>] Lymph
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node involvement and the hematogenous pattern of spread are similar to those
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found in female breast cancer. The TNM staging system for male breast cancer
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is identical to the staging system for female breast cancer. (Refer to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__18">Histopathologic Classification of Breast Cancer</a> in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__1">General Information About Breast Cancer</a> section and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__695">Definitions of TNM and AJCC Stage Groupings</a> in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__27">Stage Information for Breast Cancer</a> section in the PDQ
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summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/">Breast Cancer Treatment</a> for more information.)
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__76"><h3>Prognostic Factors</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__5">Prognostic factors that have been evaluated include the size of the lesion and the
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presence or absence of lymph node involvement, both of which correlate well
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with prognosis.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_5">5</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_10">10</a>] Whether ploidy and S phase correlate with survival is
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uncertain.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_11">11</a>] Estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor status and <i>HER2/neu</i> gene amplification should be reported.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_12">12</a>]
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__77"><h3>Survival</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__6">Overall survival is similar to that of women with breast cancer. The
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impression that male breast cancer has a worse prognosis may stem from the
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tendency toward diagnosis at a later stage.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_2">2</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_5">5</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_1_13">13</a>]
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745_rl_1"><h3>References</h3><ol><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_1">American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 2015. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society, 2015. <a href="http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Available online</a>. Last accessed October 30, 2015.</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_2">Giordano SH, Cohen DS, Buzdar AU, et al.: Breast carcinoma in men: a population-based study. Cancer 101 (1): 51-7, 2004. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15221988" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15221988</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_3">Borgen PI, Wong GY, Vlamis V, et al.: Current management of male breast cancer. A review of 104 cases. Ann Surg 215 (5): 451-7; discussion 457-9, 1992. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1242473/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1242473</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1319699" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1319699</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_4">Fentiman IS, Fourquet A, Hortobagyi GN: Male breast cancer. Lancet 367 (9510): 595-604, 2006. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16488803" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16488803</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_5">Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN: Breast cancer in men. Ann Intern Med 137 (8): 678-87, 2002. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379069" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12379069</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_6">Hultborn R, Hanson C, Köpf I, et al.: Prevalence of Klinefelter's syndrome in male breast cancer patients. Anticancer Res 17 (6D): 4293-7, 1997 Nov-Dec. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9494523" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9494523</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_7">Wooster R, Bignell G, Lancaster J, et al.: Identification of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2. Nature 378 (6559): 789-92, 1995 Dec 21-28. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8524414" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8524414</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_8">Thorlacius S, Tryggvadottir L, Olafsdottir GH, et al.: Linkage to BRCA2 region in hereditary male breast cancer. Lancet 346 (8974): 544-5, 1995. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7658781" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7658781</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_9">Burstein HJ, Harris JR, Morrow M: Malignant tumors of the breast. In: DeVita VT Jr, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, pp 1401-46.</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_10">Cutuli B, Lacroze M, Dilhuydy JM, et al.: Male breast cancer: results of the treatments and prognostic factors in 397 cases. Eur J Cancer 31A (12): 1960-4, 1995. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8562148" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8562148</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_11">Gattuso P, Reddy VB, Green L, et al.: Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in male breast carcinoma. A retrospective analysis of 32 cases. Cancer 70 (4): 777-80, 1992. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1643608" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1643608</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_12">Giordano SH: A review of the diagnosis and management of male breast cancer. Oncologist 10 (7): 471-9, 2005. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16079314" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16079314</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_1_13">Ravandi-Kashani F, Hayes TG: Male breast cancer: a review of the literature. Eur J Cancer 34 (9): 1341-7, 1998. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849414" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9849414</span></a>]</div></li></ol></div></div><div id="CDR0000062745__24"><h2 id="_CDR0000062745__24_">Treatment Options for Male Breast Cancer</h2><div id="CDR0000062745__8"><h3>Initial Surgical Management</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__37">Primary standard treatment is a modified radical mastectomy with axillary
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dissection.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_1">1</a>-<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_3">3</a>] Responses are generally similar to those seen in women with breast cancer.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_2">2</a>] Breast conservation surgery with lumpectomy and radiation therapy has also been used and results have been similar to those seen in women with breast cancer.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_4">4</a>] (Refer to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__1343">Surgery</a> in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__1375">Early/Localized/Operable Breast Cancer</a> section in the PDQ summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/">Breast Cancer Treatment</a> for more information.)</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__10"><h3>Adjuvant Therapy</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__11">In men with node-negative tumors, adjuvant therapy should be considered on the same
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basis as for a woman with breast cancer since there is no evidence that
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response to therapy is different for men or women.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_5">5</a>]
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</p><p id="CDR0000062745__30">In men with node-positive tumors, both chemotherapy plus tamoxifen and other hormonal
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therapy have been used and can increase survival to the same extent as in women
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with breast cancer. Currently, no controlled studies have compared adjuvant
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treatment options. Approximately 85% of all male breast cancers are estrogen
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receptor–positive, and 70% of them are progesterone receptor–positive.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_2">2</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_6">6</a>] Response
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to hormone therapy correlates with presence of receptors. Hormonal therapy has
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been recommended in all receptor-positive patients.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_1">1</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_2">2</a>] Tamoxifen
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use, however, is associated with a high rate of treatment-limiting symptoms, such as hot
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flashes and impotence in male breast cancer patients.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_7">7</a>] (Refer to the PDQ summaries on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062742/">Hot Flashes and Night Sweats</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062859/">Sexuality and Reproductive Issues</a> for more information on these symptoms.) Responses are generally similar to those seen in women with breast cancer.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_2">2</a>] (Refer to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__1027">Postoperative Systemic Therapy</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__1049">Preoperative Systemic Therapy </a> in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__1375">Early/Localized/Operable Breast Cancer</a> section in the PDQ summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/">Breast Cancer Treatment</a> for more information.)</p><h4><span class="title">Adjuvant chemotherapy regimens include:</span></h4><ul id="CDR0000062745__21"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CMF: cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate plus fluorouracil.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_8">8</a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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CAF: cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin plus fluorouracil.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Trastuzumab.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_9">9</a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Tamoxifen (under clinical evaluation).[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_9">9</a>]</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000062745__14"><h3>Locally Recurrent Disease</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__38">Surgical excision or radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy is
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recommended.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_2">2</a>] Responses are generally similar to those seen in women with breast cancer.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_2">2</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_5">5</a>] (Refer to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__297">Stage IV, Recurrent, and Metastatic Breast Cancer</a> in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__203">Stage IIIB, Inoperable IIIC, IV, Recurrent, and Metastatic Breast Cancer</a> section in the PDQ summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/">Breast Cancer Treatment</a> for more information.)</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__16"><h3>Distant Metastases</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__39">Hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both have been used with
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some success. Initially, hormonal therapy is recommended.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_2">2</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_5">5</a>]</p><h4><span class="title">Hormonal modalities
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include:</span></h4><ul id="CDR0000062745__40"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Orchiectomy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist with or without total
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androgen blockage (anti-androgen).
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Tamoxifen for estrogen receptor–positive patients.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_1">1</a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Progesterone.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aromatase inhibitors.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_9">9</a>-<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_11">11</a>]</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000062745__31">Hormonal therapies may be used sequentially. Standard chemotherapy
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combinations of CMF and CAF are recommended after failure of hormonal therapy.
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Responses are generally similar to those seen in women with breast cancer.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#CDR0000062745_rl_24_2">2</a>] (Refer to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__276">Hormone Therapy</a> in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/#CDR0000062787__203">Stage IIIB, Inoperable IIIC, IV, Recurrent, and Metastatic Breast Cancer</a> section in the PDQ summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062787/">Breast Cancer Treatment</a> for more information.)</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745_rl_24"><h3>References</h3><ol><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_1">Borgen PI, Wong GY, Vlamis V, et al.: Current management of male breast cancer. A review of 104 cases. Ann Surg 215 (5): 451-7; discussion 457-9, 1992. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1242473/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1242473</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1319699" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1319699</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_2">Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN: Breast cancer in men. Ann Intern Med 137 (8): 678-87, 2002. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379069" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12379069</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_3">Kinne DW: Management of male breast cancer. Oncology (Huntingt) 5 (3): 45-7; discussion 47-8, 1991. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1829945" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1829945</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_4">Golshan M, Rusby J, Dominguez F, et al.: Breast conservation for male breast carcinoma. Breast 16 (6): 653-6, 2007. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17606375" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17606375</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_5">Kamila C, Jenny B, Per H, et al.: How to treat male breast cancer. Breast 16 (Suppl 2): S147-54, 2007. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18210656" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18210656</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_6">Joshi MG, Lee AK, Loda M, et al.: Male breast carcinoma: an evaluation of prognostic factors contributing to a poorer outcome. Cancer 77 (3): 490-8, 1996. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8630956" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8630956</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_7">Anelli TF, Anelli A, Tran KN, et al.: Tamoxifen administration is associated with a high rate of treatment-limiting symptoms in male breast cancer patients. Cancer 74 (1): 74-7, 1994. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8004585" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8004585</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_8">Walshe JM, Berman AW, Vatas U, et al.: A prospective study of adjuvant CMF in males with node positive breast cancer: 20-year follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat 103 (2): 177-83, 2007. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17039267" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17039267</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_9">Giordano SH: A review of the diagnosis and management of male breast cancer. Oncologist 10 (7): 471-9, 2005. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16079314" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16079314</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_10">Cocconi G, Bisagni G, Ceci G, et al.: Low-dose aminoglutethimide with and without hydrocortisone replacement as a first-line endocrine treatment in advanced breast cancer: a prospective randomized trial of the Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research. J Clin Oncol 10 (6): 984-9, 1992. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1588379" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1588379</span></a>]</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="CDR0000062745_rl_24_11">Gale KE, Andersen JW, Tormey DC, et al.: Hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase III trial comparing aminoglutethimide to tamoxifen. Cancer 73 (2): 354-61, 1994. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8293400" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8293400</span></a>]</div></li></ol></div></div><div id="CDR0000062745__27"><h2 id="_CDR0000062745__27_">Changes to This Summary (05/14/2015)</h2><p id="CDR0000062745__28">The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.</p><p id="CDR0000062745__87">Editorial changes were made to this summary.</p><p id="CDR0000062745__disclaimerHP_3">This summary is written and maintained by the <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/adult-treatment" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</a>, which is
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editorially independent of NCI. The summary reflects an independent review of
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the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or NIH. More
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information about summary policies and the role of the PDQ Editorial Boards in
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maintaining the PDQ summaries can be found on the <a href="#CDR0000062745__AboutThis_1">About This PDQ Summary</a> and <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ® - NCI's Comprehensive Cancer Database</a> pages.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000062745__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_2"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_3">This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of male breast cancer. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_4"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_5">This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/adult-treatment" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</a>, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).</p><p id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_22"> Board members review recently published articles each month to determine whether an article should:</p><ul id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_6"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>be discussed at a meeting,</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>be cited with text, or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>replace or update an existing article that is already cited.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_7">Changes to the summaries are made through a consensus process in which Board members evaluate the strength of the evidence in the published articles and determine how the article should be included in the summary.</p><p>The lead reviewers for Male Breast Cancer Treatment are:</p><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Roisin Connolly, MB, BCh (Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Beverly Moy, MD, MPH (Massachusetts General Hospital)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Joseph L. Pater, MD (NCIC-Clinical Trials Group)</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_9">Any comments or questions about the summary content should be submitted to Cancer.gov through the NCI website's <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Email Us</a>. Do not contact the individual Board Members with questions or comments about the summaries. Board members will not respond to individual inquiries.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_10"><h3>Levels of Evidence</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_11">Some of the reference citations in this summary are accompanied by a level-of-evidence designation. These designations are intended to help readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or approaches. The PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board uses a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062796/">formal evidence ranking system</a> in developing its level-of-evidence designations.</p></div><div id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_12"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_13">PDQ is a registered trademark. Although the content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text, it cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless it is presented in its entirety and is regularly updated. However, an author would be permitted to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks succinctly: [include excerpt from the summary].”</p><p id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_14">The preferred citation for this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_15">National Cancer Institute: PDQ® Male Breast Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Date last modified <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>.</p><p id="CDR0000062745__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use within the PDQ summaries only. Permission to use images outside the context of PDQ information must be obtained from the owner(s) and cannot be granted by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the illustrations in this summary, along with many other cancer-related images, is available in <a href="http://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>, a collection of over 2,000 scientific images.
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65792.1/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK65792.1/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65792" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65792" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. 2015 May 14. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65792.23/">NBK65792.23</a></span> December 4, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65792.22/">NBK65792.22</a></span> November 27, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65792.21/">NBK65792.21</a></span> January 31, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65792.20/">NBK65792.20</a></span> March 10, 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class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this Page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CDR0000062745__1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">General Information About Male Breast Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000062745__24" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment Options for Male Breast Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000062745__27" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Changes to This Summary (05/14/2015)</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000062745__AboutThis_1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">About This PDQ Summary</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related 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Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389427" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Breast Cancer Treatment During Pregnancy (PDQ®): Health Professional Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Breast Cancer Treatment During Pregnancy (PDQ®): Health Professional Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/31593386" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Breast Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Breast Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389244" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Lymphedema (PDQ®): Health Professional Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Lymphedema (PDQ®): Health Professional Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/39591488" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> PALB2: Cancer Risks and Management (PDQ®): Health Professional Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> PALB2: Cancer Risks and Management (PDQ®): Health Professional Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Cancer Genetics Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" 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