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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK65772_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK65772_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK65772_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Cervical Cancer Screening (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: September 18, 2020.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">September 25, 2004</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000304518__84">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about cervical cancer screening. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000304518__85">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__1"><h2 id="_CDR0000304518__1_">What is screening?</h2><p id="CDR0000304518__2"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046171/" class="def">Screening</a> is looking for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> before a person has any <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a>. This can help find
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cancer at an early <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a>. When <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a> or cancer is found early, it may
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be easier to treat. By the time symptoms appear, cancer may have begun
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to spread.</p><p id="CDR0000304518__3"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044724/" class="def">Scientists</a> are trying to better understand which
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people are more likely to get certain types of cancer. They also study the things
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we do and the things around us to see if they cause cancer. This
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information helps doctors recommend who should be screened for cancer, which
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screening tests should be used, and how often the tests should be done.</p><p id="CDR0000304518__4">It is important to remember that your doctor does not necessarily
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think you have cancer if he or she suggests a screening test. Screening
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tests are given when you have no cancer symptoms.</p><p id="CDR0000304518__5">If a screening test result is abnormal, you may need to have more tests done to find out if you have cancer. These are called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045959/" class="def">diagnostic tests</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__7"><h2 id="_CDR0000304518__7_">General Information About Cervical Cancer</h2><div id="CDR0000304518__7.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__8">Cervical cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells
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form in the cervix.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__12">Screening for cervical cancer using the Pap test has decreased the number of new cases of cervical cancer and the number of deaths due to cervical cancer since 1950.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__15">Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major risk factor
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for cervical cancer.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000304518__8"><h3>Cervical cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells
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form in the cervix.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__10">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046133/" class="def">cervix</a> is the lower,
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narrow end of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046645/" class="def">uterus</a> (the
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hollow, pear-shaped <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organ</a> where a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046400/" class="def">fetus</a> grows). The cervix leads from the uterus to
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the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046646/" class="def">vagina</a> (birth canal).</p><div id="CDR0000304518__64" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Anatomy%20of%20the%20female%20reproductive%20system&p=BOOKS&id=562081_CDR0000609921.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65772.4/bin/CDR0000609921.jpg" alt="Anatomy of the female reproductive system; drawing shows the uterus, myometrium (muscular outer layer of the uterus), endometrium (inner lining of the uterus), ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Anatomy of the female reproductive system. The organs in the female reproductive system include the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina. The uterus has a muscular outer layer called the myometrium and an inner lining called the endometrium. </p></div></div><p id="CDR0000304518__11">
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444973/" class="def">Cervical cancer</a> usually develops slowly over time. Before <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>
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appears in the cervix, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> of
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the cervix go through changes known as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045675/" class="def">dysplasia</a>, in which cells that are not normal
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begin to appear in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044102/" class="def">cervical</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a>. Later, cancer cells start to grow and
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spread more deeply into the cervix and to surrounding areas. </p><p id="CDR0000304518__60">See the following <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> summaries for more information about cervical cancer:</p><ul id="CDR0000304518__61"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062817/"> Cervical Cancer Prevention</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062961/">Cervical Cancer Treatment</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000304518__12"><h3>Screening for cervical cancer using the Pap test has decreased the number of new cases of cervical cancer and the number of deaths due to cervical cancer since 1950.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__14">
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000764583/" class="def">Cervical dysplasia</a> occurs more often in women who are in their 20s and 30s. Death from cervical cancer is rare in women younger than 30 years and in women of any age who have regular screenings with the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045978/" class="def">Pap test</a>. The Pap test is used to detect cancer and changes that may lead to cancer. The chance of death from cervical cancer increases with age. In recent years, deaths from cervical cancer have been slightly higher in black women younger than 50 years than in white women younger than 50 years. Deaths from cervical cancer are almost twice as likely in black women older than 60 years than in white women older than 60 years.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__15"><h3>Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major risk factor
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for cervical cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__17">Although most women with cervical cancer have the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045714/" class="def">human
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papillomavirus</a> (HPV) <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045364/" class="def">infection</a>, not all women with an HPV infection will develop cervical
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cancer. Many different types of HPV can affect the cervix and only some of them cause <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a> cells that may become cancer.
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Some HPV infections go away without treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000304518__50">HPV infections are spread mainly through sexual contact. Women who become sexually active at a young age and have many sexual partners are at increased risk for HPV infections.</p><p id="CDR0000304518__55">Other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045873/" class="def">risk factors</a> for cervical cancer include:</p><ul id="CDR0000304518__19"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Giving birth to many children.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div> Smoking <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000748148/" class="def">cigarettes</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Using <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044068/" class="def">oral</a> contraceptives ("the Pill").</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having a weakened <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046356/" class="def">immune
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system</a>.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000304518__20"><h2 id="_CDR0000304518__20_">Cervical Cancer Screening</h2><div id="CDR0000304518__20.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__44">Tests are used to screen for different types of cancer when a person does not have symptoms.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__58">Studies show that screening for cervical cancer helps decrease the number of deaths from the disease.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__25">A Pap test is commonly used to screen for cervical cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__70">After certain positive Pap test results, an HPV test may be done.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__77">An HPV test may be done with or without a Pap test to screen for cervical cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__86">Samples for an HPV test may be self-collected.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__46">Screening tests for cervical cancer are being studied in clinical trials.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000304518__44"><h3>Tests are used to screen for different types of cancer when a person does not have symptoms.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__23"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044724/" class="def">Scientists</a> study <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046171/" class="def">screening</a> tests to find those with the fewest harms and most benefits. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">Cancer</a> screening trials also are meant to show whether early detection (finding cancer before it causes <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a>) helps a person live longer or decreases a person's chance of dying from the disease. For some types of cancer, the chance of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454708/" class="def">recovery</a> is better if the disease is found and treated at an early <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__58"><h3>Studies show that screening for cervical cancer helps decrease the number of deaths from the disease.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__65">Regular screening of women between the ages of 21 and 65 years with the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045978/" class="def">Pap test</a> decreases their chance of dying from <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444973/" class="def">cervical cancer</a>. </p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__25"><h3>A Pap test is commonly used to screen for cervical cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__27">A Pap test is a procedure to collect <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> from the surface of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046133/" class="def">cervix</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046646/" class="def">vagina</a>. A piece of cotton, a brush, or a small wooden stick is used to gently scrape cells from the cervix and vagina. The cells are viewed under a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000638184/" class="def">microscope</a> to find out if they are <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a>. This procedure is also called a Pap smear. A new method of collecting and viewing cells has been developed, in which the cells are placed into a liquid before being placed on a slide. It is not known if the new method will work better than the standard method to reduce the number of deaths from cervical cancer. </p><div id="CDR0000304518__63" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Pap%20test&p=BOOKS&id=562081_CDR0000609927.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65772.4/bin/CDR0000609927.jpg" alt="Pap test; drawing shows a side view of the female reproductive anatomy during a Pap test. A speculum is shown widening the opening of the vagina. A brush is shown inserted into the open vagina and touching the cervix at the base of the uterus. The rectum is also shown. One inset shows the brush touching the center of the cervix. A second inset shows a woman covered by a drape on an exam table with her legs apart and her feet in stirrups." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Pap test. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to widen it. Then, a brush is inserted into the vagina to collect cells from the cervix. The cells are checked under a microscope for signs of disease. </p></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000304518__70"><h3>After certain positive Pap test results, an HPV test may be done.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__72">An <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000752848/" class="def">HPV test</a> is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046590/" class="def">laboratory test</a> that is used to check <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045671/" class="def">DNA</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046568/" class="def">RNA</a> for certain types of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044386/" class="def">HPV</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045364/" class="def">infection</a>. Cells are collected from the cervix and DNA or RNA from the cells is checked to find out if there is an infection caused by a type of human papillomavirus that is linked to cervical cancer. This test may be done using the sample of cells removed during a Pap test. This test may also be done if the results of a Pap test show certain abnormal cervical cells. When both the HPV test and Pap test are done using cells from the sample removed during a Pap test, it is called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000766286/" class="def">Pap/HPV cotest</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__77"><h3>An HPV test may be done with or without a Pap test to screen for cervical cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__79">Screening women aged 30 and older with both the Pap test and the HPV test every 5 years finds more cervical changes that can lead to cancer than screening with the Pap test alone. Screening with both the Pap test and the HPV test lowers the number of cases of cervical cancer.</p><p id="CDR0000304518__83">An <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000666690/" class="def">HPV DNA test</a> may be used without a Pap test for cervical cancer screening in women aged 25 years and older.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__86"><h3>Samples for an HPV test may be self-collected.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__88">Samples for an HPV test may be collected by the patient using written instructions or in a clinic-based setting. The option for self-collection may improve access to cervical cancer screening, especially in communities with limited access to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000650566/" class="def">health care providers</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__46"><h3>Screening tests for cervical cancer are being studied in clinical trials.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__46_95">Information about clinical trials supported by NCI can be found on NCI’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials search</a> webpage. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> website.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000304518__28"><h2 id="_CDR0000304518__28_">Risks of Cervical Cancer Screening</h2><div id="CDR0000304518__28.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__29"> Screening tests have risks.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__32">The risks of cervical cancer screening include the
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following: </a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__74">Unnecessary follow-up tests may be done.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__37">False-negative test results can occur.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__34">False-positive test results can occur.</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304518__52">Your doctor can advise you about your risk for cervical cancer and your need for screening tests.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000304518__29"><h3> Screening tests have risks.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__31">Decisions about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046171/" class="def">screening</a> tests can be difficult. Not all screening tests are helpful and most have risks. Before having any screening test, you may
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want to discuss the test with your doctor. It is important to know the risks of
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the test and whether it has been proven to reduce the risk of dying from
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__32"><h3>The risks of cervical cancer screening include the
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following: </h3><div id="CDR0000304518__74"><h4>Unnecessary follow-up tests may be done.</h4><p id="CDR0000304518__76">In women younger than 21 years, screening with the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045978/" class="def">Pap test</a> may show changes in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046133/" class="def">cervix</a> that are not cancer. This may lead to unnecessary <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044671/" class="def">follow-up</a> tests and possibly treatment. Women in this age group have a very low risk of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444973/" class="def">cervical cancer</a> and it is likely that any <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a> cells will go away on their own.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__37"><h4>False-negative test results can occur.</h4><p id="CDR0000304518__39">Screening test results may appear to be normal even though cervical cancer is
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present. A woman who receives a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000340928/" class="def">false-negative test result</a> (one that
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shows there is no cancer when there really is) may delay seeking medical care even if she has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__34"><h4>False-positive test results can occur.</h4><p id="CDR0000304518__36">Screening test results may appear to be abnormal even though no
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cancer is present. Also, some abnormal cells in the cervix never become cancer. When a Pap test shows a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000340929/" class="def">false-positive result</a> (one that shows there is cancer when there really isn't), it can cause <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430405/" class="def">anxiety</a> and is usually followed by more tests and procedures (such as
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045989/" class="def">colposcopy</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045985/" class="def">cryotherapy</a>, or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000322859/" class="def">LEEP</a>), which also have risks. The long-term effects of these procedures on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046399/" class="def">fertility</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000666677/" class="def">pregnancy</a> are not known. </p><p id="CDR0000304518__66">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000752848/" class="def">HPV test</a> finds many <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045364/" class="def">infections</a> that will not lead to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000764583/" class="def">cervical dysplasia</a> or cervical cancer, especially in women younger than 30 years. </p><p id="CDR0000304518__82">When both the Pap test and the HPV test are done, false-positive test results are more common. </p></div></div><div id="CDR0000304518__52"><h3>Your doctor can advise you about your risk for cervical cancer and your need for screening tests.</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__40">Studies show that the number of cases of cervical cancer and deaths from cervical cancer are greatly reduced by screening with Pap tests. Many doctors recommend a Pap test be done every year. New studies have shown that after a woman has a Pap test and the results show no sign of abnormal cells, the Pap test can be repeated every 2 to 3 years.</p><p id="CDR0000304518__67">The Pap test is not a helpful screening test for cervical cancer in the following groups of women:</p><ul id="CDR0000304518__68"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Women who are younger than 21 years.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Women who have had a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045929/" class="def">total hysterectomy</a> (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a> to remove the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046645/" class="def">uterus</a> and cervix) for a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">condition</a> that is not cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Women who are aged 65 years or older and have a Pap test result that shows no abnormal cells. These women are very unlikely to have abnormal Pap test results in the future.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000304518__57"> The decision about how often to have a Pap test is best made by you and your doctor.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000304518__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about cervical cancer screening. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/screening-prevention" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Screening and Prevention Editorial Board. PDQ Cervical Cancer Screening. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/patient/cervical-screening-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/patient/cervical-screening-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389215]</p><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000304518__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65772.4/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK65772.4/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65772" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65772" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board. Cervical Cancer Screening (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2020 Sep 18. 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