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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK65751_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK65751_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK65751_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Esophageal Cancer Screening (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: July 27, 2015.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">October 25, 2004</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000304521__87">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about esophageal cancer screening. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000304521__88">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__1"><h2 id="_CDR0000304521__1_">What is screening?</h2><p id="CDR0000304521__2"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046171/" class="def">Screening</a> is looking for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> before a person has any <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a>. This can help find
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cancer at an early <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a>. When <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a> or cancer is found early, it may
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be easier to treat. By the time symptoms appear, cancer may have begun
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to spread.</p><p id="CDR0000304521__3"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044724/" class="def">Scientists</a> are trying to better understand which
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people are more likely to get certain types of cancer. They also study the things
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we do and the things around us to see if they cause cancer. This
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information helps doctors recommend who should be screened for cancer, which
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screening tests should be used, and how often the tests should be done.</p><p id="CDR0000304521__4">It is important to remember that your doctor does not necessarily
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think you have cancer if he or she suggests a screening test. Screening
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tests are given when you have no cancer symptoms.</p><p id="CDR0000304521__5">If a screening test result is abnormal, you may need to have more tests done to find out if you have cancer. These are called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045959/" class="def">diagnostic tests</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__7"><h2 id="_CDR0000304521__7_">General Information About Esophageal Cancer</h2><div class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__8">Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer)
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cells form in the tissues of the esophagus.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__13">Esophageal cancer is found more often in men.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__16">Smoking, heavy alcohol use, and Barrett esophagus can affect the risk of developing esophageal cancer.
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</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000304521__8"><h3>Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer)
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cells form in the tissues of the esophagus.</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__10">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a> is the hollow, muscular tube that moves food and
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liquid from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000439429/" class="def">throat</a> to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046604/" class="def">stomach</a>. The wall of the esophagus is made up of several layers of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a>,
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including <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257212/" class="def">mucous membrane</a>, muscle, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044013/" class="def">connective tissue</a>. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444989/" class="def">Esophageal cancer</a>
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starts in the inside lining of the esophagus and spreads outward through the
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other layers as it grows.<div id="CDR0000304521__83" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=The%20esophagus%20and%20stomach%20are%20part%20of%20the%20upper%20gastrointestinal%20(digestive)%20system&p=BOOKS&id=65751_CDR0000428446.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65751.1/bin/CDR0000428446.jpg" alt="Gastrointestinal (digestive) system anatomy; drawing shows the esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>The esophagus and stomach are part of the upper gastrointestinal (digestive) system.</p></div></div></p><p id="CDR0000304521__11">The two most common types of esophageal cancer are named for the
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type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> that become <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045772/" class="def">malignant</a> (cancerous):</p><ul id="CDR0000304521__12"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046595/" class="def">Squamous cell carcinoma</a>: <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">Cancer</a> that begins in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046056/" class="def">squamous cells</a>,
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the thin, flat cells lining the esophagus. This cancer is most often found
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in the upper and middle part of the esophagus but can occur anywhere along the esophagus. This is also called epidermoid
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carcinoma. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046216/" class="def">Adenocarcinoma</a>: Cancer that begins in
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046386/" class="def">glandular</a> (secretory) cells.
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Glandular cells in the lining of the esophagus produce and release <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044669/" class="def">fluids</a> such
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as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046274/" class="def">mucus</a>. Adenocarcinomas usually form in the lower part of the esophagus, near
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the stomach.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000304521__85">See the following <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> summaries for more information about esophageal cancer:</p><ul id="CDR0000304521__86"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062888/"> Esophageal Cancer Prevention</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062960/">Esophageal Cancer Treatment</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000304521__13"><h3>Esophageal cancer is found more often in men.</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__15">Men are about three times more likely than women to have esophageal cancer. There are more new cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma each year and fewer new cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is found more often in blacks than in whites. The chance of developing esophageal cancer increases with age.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__16"><h3>Smoking, heavy alcohol use, and Barrett esophagus can affect the risk of developing esophageal cancer.
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</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__18">Anything that increases the chance of getting a disease
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is called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045873/" class="def">risk factor</a>. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn’t mean that you will not get cancer. People who think they may be at risk should discuss this with their doctor.</p><p id="CDR0000304521__82">Risk factors for squamous cell esophageal cancer include the following:
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</p><ul id="CDR0000304521__45"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Using <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000439432/" class="def">tobacco</a>.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Drinking a lot of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463134/" class="def">alcohol</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Being <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046014/" class="def">malnourished</a> (lacking <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044697/" class="def">nutrients</a> and/or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044651/" class="def">calories</a>).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Being <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045364/" class="def">infected</a> with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045714/" class="def">human papillomavirus</a> (HPV).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having tylosis.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having achalasia.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having swallowed lye (a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000643008/" class="def">chemical</a> found in some cleaning fluids).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Drinking very hot liquids on a regular basis.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000304521__49">Risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000304521__50"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257517/" class="def">gastroesophageal reflux disease</a> (GERD).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046013/" class="def">Barrett esophagus</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000689078/" class="def">history</a> of using <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000348921/" class="def">drugs</a> that relax the lower esophageal <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257222/" class="def">sphincter</a> (the ring of muscle that opens and closes the opening between the esophagus and the stomach).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Being <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000304742/" class="def">overweight</a>.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000304521__19"><h2 id="_CDR0000304521__19_">Esophageal Cancer Screening</h2><div class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__20">Tests are used to screen for different types of cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__51">There is no standard or routine screening test for esophageal cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__54">Tests that may detect (find) esophageal cancer are being studied:</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__23">Esophagoscopy</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__59">Biopsy</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__73">Brush cytology
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</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__26">Balloon cytology </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__62">Chromoendoscopy</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__65">Fluorescence spectroscopy</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000304521__20"><h3>Tests are used to screen for different types of cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__22">Some <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046171/" class="def">screening</a> tests are used because they have been shown to be helpful both in finding <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancers</a> early and in decreasing the chance of dying from these cancers. Other tests are used because they have been shown to find cancer in some people; however, it has not been proven in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a> that use of these tests will decrease the risk of dying from cancer.</p><p id="CDR0000304521__46"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044724/" class="def">Scientists</a> study screening tests to find those with the fewest risks and most benefits. Cancer screening trials also are meant to show whether early detection (finding cancer before it causes <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a>) decreases a person's chance of dying from the disease. For some types of cancer, the chance of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454708/" class="def">recovery</a> is better if the disease is found and treated at an early <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a>. </p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__51"><h3>There is no standard or routine screening test for esophageal cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__53">Screening for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444989/" class="def">esophageal cancer</a> is under study with screening clinical trials taking place in many parts of the country.
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Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI website</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__54"><h3>Tests that may detect (find) esophageal cancer are being studied:</h3><div id="CDR0000304521__23"><h4>Esophagoscopy</h4><p id="CDR0000304521__25">A procedure to look inside the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a> to check for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a> areas. An esophagoscope is inserted through the mouth or nose and down the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000439429/" class="def">throat</a> into the esophagus. An esophagoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000572035/" class="def">lens</a> for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a> samples, which are checked under a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000638184/" class="def">microscope</a> for signs of cancer.<div id="CDR0000304521__84" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Esophagoscopy&p=BOOKS&id=65751_CDR0000433289.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65751.1/bin/CDR0000433289.jpg" alt="Esophagoscopy; shows endoscope inserted through the mouth and into the esophagus. Inset shows patient on table having an esophagoscopy." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Esophagoscopy. A thin, lighted tube is inserted through the mouth and into the esophagus to look for abnormal areas.</p></div></div></p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__59"><h4>Biopsy</h4><p id="CDR0000304521__61">The removal of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046244/" class="def">pathologist</a> to check for signs of cancer. Taking <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045619/" class="def">biopsy samples</a> from several different areas in the lining of the lower part of the esophagus may detect early <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046013/" class="def">Barrett esophagus</a>. This procedure may be used for patients who have <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045873/" class="def">risk factors</a> for Barrett esophagus. </p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__73"><h4>Brush cytology
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</h4><p id="CDR0000304521__75">A procedure in which cells are brushed from the lining of the esophagus and viewed under a microscope to see if they are abnormal. This may be done during an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046417/" class="def">esophagoscopy</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__26"><h4>Balloon cytology </h4><p id="CDR0000304521__28">A procedure in which cells are collected from the lining of the esophagus using a deflated balloon that is swallowed by the patient. The balloon is then inflated and pulled out of the esophagus. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046414/" class="def">Esophageal</a> cells on the balloon are viewed under a microscope to see if they are abnormal. </p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__62"><h4>Chromoendoscopy</h4><p id="CDR0000304521__64">A procedure in which a dye is sprayed onto the lining of the esophagus during esophagoscopy. Increased staining of certain areas of the lining may be a sign of early Barrett esophagus.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__65"><h4>Fluorescence spectroscopy</h4><p id="CDR0000304521__67">A procedure that uses a special light to view tissue in the lining of the esophagus. The light probe is passed through an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046428/" class="def">endoscope</a> and shines on the lining of the esophagus. The light given off by the cells lining the esophagus is then measured. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045772/" class="def">Malignant</a> tissue gives off less light than normal tissue. </p></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000304521__29"><h2 id="_CDR0000304521__29_">Risks of Esophageal Cancer Screening</h2><div class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__30">Screening tests have risks.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__33">The risks of esophageal cancer screening tests include the
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following: </a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__39">Finding esophageal cancer may not improve health or help a person live
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longer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__76">False-negative test results can occur.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__79">False-positive test results can occur.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000304521__36">Side effects may be caused by the test itself. </a></div></li></ul></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000304521__30"><h3>Screening tests have risks.</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__32">Decisions about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046171/" class="def">screening</a> tests can be difficult. Not all screening tests are helpful and most have risks. Before having any screening test, you may
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want to discuss the test with your doctor. It is important to know the risks of
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the test and whether it has been proven to reduce the risk of dying from
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__33"><h3>The risks of esophageal cancer screening tests include the
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following: </h3><div id="CDR0000304521__39"><h4>Finding esophageal cancer may not improve health or help a person live
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longer.</h4><p id="CDR0000304521__41">Screening
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may not improve your health or help you live longer if you have advanced <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444989/" class="def">esophageal cancer</a> or if it has already spread to
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other places in your body.</p><p id="CDR0000304521__71">Some cancers never cause <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a>
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or become life-threatening, but if found by a screening
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test, the cancer may be treated. It is not known if treatment of these cancers will help you live longer than if no treatment were given, and treatments for cancer may have serious <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__76"><h4>False-negative test results can occur.</h4><p id="CDR0000304521__78">Screening test results may appear to be normal even though esophageal cancer is present. A person who receives a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000340928/" class="def">false-negative test result</a> (one that shows there is no cancer when there really is) may delay seeking medical care even if there are symptoms.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__79"><h4>False-positive test results can occur.</h4><p id="CDR0000304521__81">Screening test results may appear to be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a> even though no cancer is present. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000340929/" class="def">false-positive test result</a> (one that shows there is cancer when there really isn't) can cause <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430405/" class="def">anxiety</a> and is usually followed by more tests (such as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045164/" class="def">biopsy</a>), which also have risks.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__36"><h4>Side effects may be caused by the test itself. </h4><p id="CDR0000304521__38">There are rare but serious side effects that may occur with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046417/" class="def">esophagoscopy</a> and biopsy. These include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000304521__70"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A small hole (puncture) in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Problems with breathing.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Heart attack.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Passage of food, water, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046604/" class="def">stomach</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642987/" class="def">acid</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390324/" class="def">vomit</a> into the airway.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe bleeding that may need to be treated in a hospital.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000304521__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about esophageal cancer screening. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/screening-prevention" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials are listed in PDQ and can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. Many cancer doctors who take part in clinical trials are also listed in PDQ. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Screening and Prevention Editorial Board. PDQ Esophageal Cancer Screening. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-screening-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-screening-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389194]</p><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 2,000 scientific images.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000304521__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65751.1/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK65751.1/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65751" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65751" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board. Esophageal Cancer Screening (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2015 Jul 27. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65751.10/">NBK65751.10</a></span> December 11, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65751.9/">NBK65751.9</a></span> May 23, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65751.8/">NBK65751.8</a></span> June 26, 2023</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65751.7/">NBK65751.7</a></span> July 30, 2021</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65751.6/">NBK65751.6</a></span> April 22, 2020</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65751.5/">NBK65751.5</a></span> October 11, 2019</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65751.4/">NBK65751.4</a></span> March 22, 2019</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65751.3/">NBK65751.3</a></span> March 7, 2019</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK65751.2/">NBK65751.2</a></span> March 9, 2018</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm">NBK65751.1</span> July 27, 2015 (Displayed Version)</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this Page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div 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class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389463" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/31593388" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389486" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Endometrial Cancer Screening (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Endometrial Cancer Screening (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389306" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Prostate Cancer Screening (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Prostate Cancer Screening (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=26389194" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See 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