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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK65749_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK65749_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK65749_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Salivary Gland Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: September 21, 2023.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000258034__147">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of adult salivary gland cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__148">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly, and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__1"><h2 id="_CDR0000258034__1_">General Information About Salivary Gland Cancer</h2><div id="CDR0000258034__1.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__2">Salivary gland cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in
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the tissues of the salivary glands.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__6">Being exposed to certain types of radiation may increase the risk of salivary gland cancer. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__10">Signs and symptoms of salivary gland cancer include a lump or trouble swallowing. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__14">Tests that examine the head, neck, and the inside of the mouth are used to diagnose salivary gland cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__18">Certain factors affect prognosis (chance
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of recovery) and treatment options.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258034__2"><h3>Salivary gland cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in
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the tissues of the salivary glands.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__4">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046196/" class="def">salivary glands</a> make <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257526/" class="def">saliva</a> and release it into the mouth. Saliva has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046081/" class="def">enzymes</a> that help digest food and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044918/" class="def">antibodies</a> that help protect against <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045364/" class="def">infections</a> of the mouth and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000439429/" class="def">throat</a>. There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__117"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Parotid glands: These are the largest salivary glands and are found in front of and just below each ear. Most major salivary gland tumors begin in this <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046386/" class="def">gland</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sublingual glands: These glands are found under the tongue in the floor of the mouth.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Submandibular glands: These glands are found below the jawbone.</div></li></ul><div id="CDR0000258034__142" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Anatomy%20of%20the%20salivary%20glands&p=BOOKS&id=595023_CDR0000742039.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65749/bin/CDR0000742039.jpg" alt="Anatomy of the salivary glands; drawing shows a cross section of the head and the three main pairs of salivary glands. The parotid glands are in front of and just below each ear; the sublingual glands are under the tongue in the floor of the mouth; the submandibular glands are below each side of the jawbone. The tongue and lymph nodes are also shown." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Anatomy of the salivary glands. The three main pairs of salivary glands are the parotid glands, the sublingual glands, and the submandibular glands.</p></div></div><p id="CDR0000258034__123">There are also hundreds of small (minor) salivary glands lining parts of the mouth, nose, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046026/" class="def">larynx</a> that can be seen only with a microscope. Most small salivary gland tumors begin in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046253/" class="def">palate</a> (roof of the mouth).</p><p id="CDR0000258034__101">More than half of all salivary gland tumors are benign (not <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancerous</a>) and do not spread to other tissues. </p><p id="CDR0000258034__141">Salivary gland cancer is a type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257519/" class="def">head and neck cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__6"><h3>Being exposed to certain types of radiation may increase the risk of salivary gland cancer. </h3><p id="CDR0000258034__8">Anything that increases a person's chance of getting a disease is called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045873/" class="def">risk factor</a>. Not every person with one or more of these risk factors will develop salivary gland cancer, and it can develop in people who don't have any known risk factors. Talk with your doctor if you think you may be at risk. Although the cause of most salivary gland cancers is not known, risk factors include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__9"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Older age.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Treatment with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a> to the head and neck.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Being exposed to certain substances at work.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258034__10"><h3>Signs and symptoms of salivary gland cancer include a lump or trouble swallowing. </h3><p id="CDR0000258034__12">Salivary gland cancer may not cause any <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a>. It may be found during a regular dental check-up or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270871/" class="def">physical exam</a>. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000750109/" class="def">Signs</a> and symptoms may be caused by salivary gland cancer or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms that do not go away:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__13"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A lump (usually painless) in the area of the ear, cheek, jaw, lip, or inside the mouth.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid draining from the ear.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Trouble swallowing or opening the mouth widely.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Numbness or weakness in the face.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain in the face that does not go away.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258034__14"><h3>Tests that examine the head, neck, and the inside of the mouth are used to diagnose salivary gland cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__16">In addition to asking about your <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642019/" class="def">personal</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642015/" class="def">family health history</a> and doing a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270871/" class="def">physical exam</a>, your doctor may perform the following tests and procedures:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__17"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045788/" class="def">MRI</a> (magnetic resonance imaging)</b>: A procedure that uses a magnet, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651209/" class="def">radio waves</a>, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046033/" class="def">CT scan</a> (CAT
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scan)</b>: A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer
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linked to an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-ray</a> machine. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000409764/" class="def">dye</a> may be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This
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procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or
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computerized axial tomography. <div id="CDR0000258034__149" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Computed%20tomography%20(CT)%20scan%20of%20the%20head%20and%20neck&p=BOOKS&id=595023_CDR0000753850.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65749/bin/CDR0000753850.jpg" alt="Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck; drawing shows a patient lying on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the head and neck." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck. The patient lies on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the head and neck.</p></div></div></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046140/" class="def">PET scan</a> (positron emission tomography scan)</b>: A procedure to find <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045772/" class="def">malignant</a> tumor cells in the body. A small amount of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a> glucose (sugar) is injected into a vein. The PET <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000386220/" class="def">scanner</a> rotates around the body and makes a picture of where glucose is being used in the body. Malignant tumor cells show up brighter in the picture because they are more active and take up more glucose than normal cells do.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045678/" class="def">Endoscopy</a></b>: A procedure to look at organs and tissues inside the body to check for abnormal areas. For salivary gland cancer, an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046428/" class="def">endoscope</a> is inserted into the mouth to look at the mouth, throat, and larynx. An endoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000572035/" class="def">lens</a> for viewing. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045164/" class="def">Biopsy</a></b>: The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046244/" class="def">pathologist</a> to check for signs of cancer.<ul id="CDR0000258034__143"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045691/" class="def">Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy</a></b>: The removal of tissue or fluid using a thin needle. An FNA is the most common type of biopsy used for salivary gland cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046698/" class="def">Incisional biopsy</a></b>: The removal of part of a lump or a sample of tissue that doesn’t look normal.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b>Surgery</b>: If cancer cannot be diagnosed from the sample of tissue removed during an FNA biopsy or an incisional biopsy, the mass may be removed and checked for signs of cancer.</div></li></ul></div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__119">Because salivary gland cancer can be hard to diagnose, patients should ask to have the tissue samples checked by a pathologist who has experience in diagnosing salivary gland cancer.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__18"><h3>Certain factors affect prognosis (chance
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of recovery) and treatment options.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__20">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045849/" class="def">prognosis</a> and treatment options depend on the
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following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__106"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of the cancer (especially the size of the tumor).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The type of salivary gland the cancer is in.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The type of cancer cells (how they look under a microscope).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The patient's age and general health.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000258034__21"><h2 id="_CDR0000258034__21_">Stages of Salivary Gland Cancer</h2><div id="CDR0000258034__21.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__22">After salivary gland cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out
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if cancer cells have spread within the salivary gland or to other parts of the body.
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</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__131">There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__144">Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__702">The following stages are used for salivary gland cancers that affect the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands:</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__704">Stage 0 (carcinoma in situ)</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__707">Stage I</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__710">Stage II</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__713">Stage III</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__717">Stage IV</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__726">Minor salivary glands are staged differently from the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__729">Salivary gland cancer can recur (come back) after it has been treated.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258034__22"><h3>After salivary gland cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out
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if cancer cells have spread within the salivary gland or to other parts of the body.
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</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__24">The process used to find out if cancer has spread within the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046196/" class="def">salivary glands</a> or to other parts of
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the body is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046597/" class="def">staging</a>. The
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information gathered from the staging process determines the
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of the disease. It is
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important to know the stage in order to plan treatment. The following
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procedures may be used in the staging process:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__25"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045788/" class="def">MRI</a> (magnetic resonance imaging)</b>: A procedure that uses a magnet, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651209/" class="def">radio waves</a>, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046033/" class="def">CT scan</a> (CAT
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scan)</b>: A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer
|
|
linked to an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-ray</a> machine. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000409764/" class="def">dye</a> may be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This
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procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or
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computerized axial tomography. <div id="CDR0000258034__151" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Computed%20tomography%20(CT)%20scan%20of%20the%20head%20and%20neck&p=BOOKS&id=595023_CDR0000753850.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65749/bin/CDR0000753850.jpg" alt="Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck; drawing shows a patient lying on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the head and neck." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck. The patient lies on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes x-ray pictures of the inside of the head and neck.</p></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258034__131"><h3>There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__131_md_69">Cancer can spread through <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a>, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045764/" class="def">lymph system</a>, and the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__131_md_70"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Tissue. The cancer spreads from where it began by growing into nearby areas.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Lymph system. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the lymph system. The cancer travels through the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000269462/" class="def">lymph vessels</a> to other parts of the body.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the blood. The cancer travels through the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045020/" class="def">blood vessels</a> to other parts of the body.
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258034__144"><h3>Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__144_md_66">When cancer spreads to another part of the body, it is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046710/" class="def">metastasis</a>. Cancer cells break away from where they began (the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045847/" class="def">primary tumor</a>) and travel through the lymph system or blood.</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__144_md_67"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Lymph system. The cancer gets into the lymph system, travels through the lymph vessels, and forms a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044058/" class="def">metastatic</a> tumor) in another part of the body.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood. The cancer gets into the blood, travels through the blood vessels, and forms a tumor (metastatic tumor) in another part of the body.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__146">The metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example, if salivary gland cancer spreads to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270740/" class="def">lung</a>, the cancer cells in the lung are actually salivary gland cancer cells. The disease is metastatic salivary gland cancer, not lung cancer.</p><div id="CDR0000258034__202" class="box"><h3><span class="title">metastasis: how cancer spreads</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Many cancer deaths are caused when cancer moves from the original tumor and spreads to other tissues and organs. This is called metastatic cancer. This animation shows how cancer cells travel from the place in the body where they first formed to other parts of the body.</p></div><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQwar_-QdiQ" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">YouTube</a></p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258034__702"><h3>The following stages are used for salivary gland cancers that affect the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands:</h3><div id="CDR0000258034__124" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Tumor%20sizes%20are%20often%20measured%20in%20centimeters%20(cm)%20or%20inches&p=BOOKS&id=595023_CDR0000415526.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65749/bin/CDR0000415526.jpg" alt="Drawing shows different sizes of a tumor in centimeters (cm) compared to the size of a pea (1 cm), a peanut (2 cm), a grape (3 cm), a walnut (4 cm), a lime (5 cm), an egg (6 cm), a peach (7 cm), and a grapefruit (10 cm). Also shown is a 10-cm ruler and a 4-inch ruler." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Tumor sizes are often measured in centimeters (cm) or inches. Common food items that can be used to show tumor size in cm include: a pea (1 cm), a peanut (2 cm), a grape (3 cm), a walnut (4 cm), a lime (5 cm or 2 inches), an egg (6 cm), a peach (7 cm), and a grapefruit (10 cm or 4 inches).</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258034__704"><h4>Stage 0 (carcinoma in situ)</h4><p id="CDR0000258034__706">In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000796501/" class="def">stage 0</a>, abnormal cells are found in the lining of the salivary <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046441/" class="def">ducts</a> or the small sacs that make up the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046196/" class="def">salivary gland</a>. These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue. Stage 0 is also called carcinoma in situ.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__707"><h4>Stage I</h4><p id="CDR0000258034__709">In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446187/" class="def">stage I</a>, cancer has formed. The tumor is in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046196/" class="def">salivary gland</a> only and is 2 <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000354457/" class="def">centimeters</a> or smaller.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__710"><h4>Stage II</h4><p id="CDR0000258034__712">In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446188/" class="def">stage II</a>, the tumor is in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046196/" class="def">salivary gland</a> only and is larger than 2 <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000354457/" class="def">centimeters</a> but not larger than 4 centimeters.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__713"><h4>Stage III</h4><p id="CDR0000258034__715">In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446189/" class="def">stage III</a>, one of the following is true:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__716"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The tumor is larger than 4 <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000354457/" class="def">centimeters</a>, and/or cancer has spread to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045882/" class="def">soft tissue</a> around the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046196/" class="def">salivary gland</a>; or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The tumor is any size, and cancer may have spread to soft tissue around the salivary gland. Cancer has spread to one <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph node</a> on the same side of the head or neck as the tumor. The lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller, and cancer has not grown outside the lymph node.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258034__717"><h4>Stage IV</h4><p id="CDR0000258034__719">Stage IV is divided into stages IVA, IVB, and IVC as follows:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__720"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446190/" class="def">Stage IVA</a>:<dl id="CDR0000258034__721" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Cancer has spread to the skin, jawbone, ear canal, and/or facial <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000373935/" class="def">nerve</a>. Cancer may have spread to one <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph node</a> on the same side of the head or neck as the tumor. The lymph node is 3 <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000354457/" class="def">centimeters</a> or smaller, and cancer has not grown outside the lymph node; or</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">The tumor is any size, and cancer may have spread to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045882/" class="def">soft tissue</a> around the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046196/" class="def">salivary gland</a> or to the skin, jawbone, ear canal, and/or facial nerve. Cancer has spread:<ul id="CDR0000258034__722"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>to one lymph node on the same side of the head or neck as the tumor or on the side opposite the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045847/" class="def">primary tumor</a>; the lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller, and cancer has grown outside the lymph node; or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>to one lymph node on the same side of the head or neck as the tumor; the lymph node is larger than 3 centimeters but not larger than 6 centimeters, and cancer has not grown outside the lymph node; or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>to more than one lymph node on the same side of the head or neck as the tumor; the lymph nodes are 6 centimeters or smaller, and cancer has not grown outside the lymph nodes; or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>to lymph nodes on both sides of the head or neck or on the side opposite the primary tumor; the lymph nodes are 6 centimeters or smaller, and cancer has not grown outside the lymph nodes.</div></li></ul></p></dd></dl></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000796503/" class="def">Stage IVB</a>:<dl id="CDR0000258034__723" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">The tumor is any size, and cancer may have spread to soft tissue around the salivary gland or to the skin, jawbone, ear canal, and/or facial nerve. Cancer has spread:<ul id="CDR0000258034__724"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>to one lymph node larger than 6 centimeters, and cancer has not grown outside the lymph node; or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>to one lymph node on the same side of the head or neck as the tumor; the lymph node is larger than 3 centimeters, and cancer has grown outside the lymph node; or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>to more than one lymph node on the same side of the head or neck as the tumor, on the side opposite the primary tumor, or on both sides of the head or neck; cancer has grown outside any of the lymph nodes; or</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>to one lymph node of any size on the side of the head or neck opposite the primary tumor; cancer has grown outside the lymph node;</div><div><b><i>or</i></b></div></li></ul></p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Cancer has spread to the bottom of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000763008/" class="def">skull</a> and/or surrounds the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000396786/" class="def">carotid artery</a>. Cancer may have spread to one or more lymph nodes of any size on either or both sides of the head or neck and may have grown outside the lymph nodes.</p></dd></dl></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000796505/" class="def">Stage IVC</a>:<dl id="CDR0000258034__725" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270740/" class="def">lungs</a>.</p></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000258034__726"><h3>Minor salivary glands are staged differently from the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__728">Minor salivary gland (small salivary glands lining parts of the mouth, nose, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046026/" class="def">larynx</a>) cancers are staged according to where they were first formed, such as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000389464/" class="def">oral cavity</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000641960/" class="def">sinuses</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__729"><h3>Salivary gland cancer can recur (come back) after it has been treated.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__731">The cancer may come back in the salivary glands or in other parts of the body.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258034__45"><h2 id="_CDR0000258034__45_">Treatment Option Overview</h2><div id="CDR0000258034__45.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__46">There are different types of treatment for patients with salivary gland
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cancer. </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__50">Patients with salivary gland cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of health care providers who are experts in treating head and neck cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__53">The following types of treatment are used:</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__55">Surgery </a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__59">Radiation therapy
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</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__62">Chemotherapy </a></div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__65">New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__203">Treatment for salivary gland cancer may cause side effects.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__133">Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__135">Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000258034__137">Follow-up tests may be needed.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258034__46"><h3>There are different types of treatment for patients with salivary gland
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cancer. </h3><p id="CDR0000258034__48">Different types of treatment are available for patients with salivary gland
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cancer. Some treatments are <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard</a>
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(the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a>. A
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treatment clinical trial is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651211/" class="def">research study</a> meant to help improve current
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treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer.
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When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the
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standard treatment, the new
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treatment may become the standard treatment. Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__50"><h3>Patients with salivary gland cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of health care providers who are experts in treating head and neck cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__52">Treatment will be overseen by a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046290/" class="def">medical oncologist</a>, a doctor who specializes in treating cancer. Because the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046196/" class="def">salivary glands</a>
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help in eating and digesting food, patients may need special help
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adjusting to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> of the cancer and its treatment. The medical oncologist may refer you to other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000650566/" class="def">health care providers</a> who have experience and expertise in treating patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257519/" class="def">head and neck cancer</a> and who specialize in certain areas of medicine. These may include the following <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000478785/" class="def">specialists</a>:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__116"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Head and neck <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044306/" class="def">surgeon</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046546/" class="def">Radiation oncologist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000389460/" class="def">Dentist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044459/" class="def">Speech therapist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044661/" class="def">Dietitian</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044716/" class="def">Psychologist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318825/" class="def">Rehabilitation specialist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046221/" class="def">Plastic surgeon</a>.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258034__53"><h3>The following types of treatment are used:</h3><div id="CDR0000258034__55"><h4>Surgery </h4><p id="CDR0000258034__118">Surgery (removing the cancer in an operation) is a common treatment for salivary gland cancer. A doctor may remove the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around the cancer. In some cases, a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045763/" class="def">lymphadenectomy</a> (surgery in which <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a> are removed) will also be done.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__58">After the doctor removes all the cancer that can be seen at the
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time of the surgery, some patients may be given
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a> after surgery to kill any cancer
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that are left. Treatment given
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after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045587/" class="def">adjuvant therapy</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__59"><h4>Radiation therapy
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</h4><p id="CDR0000258034__61">Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-rays</a> or other types of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045072/" class="def">radiation</a> to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. </p><ul id="CDR0000258034__152"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046686/" class="def">External radiation therapy</a> uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the area of the body with cancer.<div id="CDR0000258034__150" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=External-beam%20radiation%20therapy%20of%20the%20head%20and%20neck&p=BOOKS&id=595023_CDR0000732667.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK65749/bin/CDR0000732667.jpg" alt="External-beam radiation therapy of the head and neck; drawing shows a patient lying on a table under a machine that is used to aim high-energy radiation at the cancer. An inset shows a mesh mask that helps keep the patient's head and neck from moving during treatment. The mask has pieces of white tape with small ink marks on it. The ink marks are used to line up the radiation machine in the same position before each treatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>External-beam radiation therapy of the head and neck. A machine is used to aim high-energy radiation at the cancer. The machine can rotate around the patient, delivering radiation from many different angles to provide highly conformal treatment. A mesh mask helps keep the patient’s head and neck from moving during treatment. Small ink marks are put on the mask. The ink marks are used to line up the radiation machine in the same position before each treatment.</p></div></div></div><div class="half_rhythm">Special types of external radiation may be used to treat some salivary gland tumors. These include:<dl id="CDR0000258034__153" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Fast neutron radiation therapy: Fast neutron radiation therapy is a type of high-energy external radiation therapy. A radiation therapy machine aims neutrons (tiny, invisible particles) at the cancer cells to kill them. Fast neutron radiation therapy uses a higher-energy radiation than the x-ray type of radiation therapy. This allows the radiation therapy to be given in fewer treatments.</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Photon-beam radiation therapy: Photon-beam radiation therapy is a type of external radiation therapy that reaches deep tumors with high-energy x-rays made by a machine called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044687/" class="def">linear accelerator</a>. This can be delivered as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000484407/" class="def">hyperfractionated radiation therapy</a>, in which the total <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044664/" class="def">dose</a> of radiation is divided into small doses, and the treatments are given more than once a day.</p></dd></dl></div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__154">External radiation therapy is used to treat salivary gland cancer and may also be used as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045815/" class="def">palliative therapy</a> to relieve <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> and improve <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045417/" class="def">quality of life</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__62"><h4>Chemotherapy </h4><p id="CDR0000258034__64">Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000301626/" class="def">systemic chemotherapy</a>).</p><p id="CDR0000258034__140">See <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/head-neck" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Drugs Approved for Head and Neck Cancer</a> for more information. (Salivary gland cancer is a type of head and neck cancer.)</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258034__65"><h3>New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__130">This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI website</a>.</p><div id="CDR0000258034__67"><h4>Radiosensitizers</h4><p id="CDR0000258034__69"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046553/" class="def">Radiosensitizers</a> are drugs
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that make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. Combining radiation therapy with radiosensitizers may kill more tumor cells.
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</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258034__203"><h3>Treatment for salivary gland cancer may cause side effects.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__203_md_73">For information about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> caused by treatment for cancer, visit our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Side Effects</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__133"><h3>Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__133_md_23">For some patients, taking part in a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process. Clinical trials are done to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and effective or better than the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard treatment</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__133_md_24">Many of today's standard treatments for cancer are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__133_md_25">Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__135"><h3>Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__135_md_29">Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop cancer from recurring (coming back) or reduce the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> of cancer treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__135_md_30">Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials supported by NCI can be found on NCI’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials search</a> webpage. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> website.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__137"><h3>Follow-up tests may be needed.</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__137_md_33">As you go through treatment, you will have follow-up tests or check-ups. Some tests that were done to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnose</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> the cancer may be repeated to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__137_md_34">Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your condition has changed or if the cancer has recurred (come back). </p></div></div><div id="CDR0000258034__73"><h2 id="_CDR0000258034__73_">Treatment of Stage I Salivary Gland Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258034__201">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000258034__53">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__74">Treatment for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446187/" class="def">stage I salivary gland cancer</a> depends on whether the cancer is <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000386213/" class="def">low-grade</a> (slow growing) or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000386205/" class="def">high-grade</a> (fast growing).</p><p id="CDR0000258034__75">If the cancer is low-grade, treatment may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__122"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery with or without <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446191/" class="def">Fast neutron radiation therapy</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__76">If the cancer is high-grade, treatment may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__77"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery with or without radiation therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">chemotherapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial of a new <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045755/" class="def">local therapy</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__TrialSearch_73_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__79"><h2 id="_CDR0000258034__79_">Treatment of Stage II Salivary Gland Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258034__732">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000258034__53">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__80">Treatment for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446188/" class="def">stage II salivary gland cancer</a> depends on whether the cancer is <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000386213/" class="def">low-grade</a> (slow growing) or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000386205/" class="def">high-grade</a> (fast growing).</p><p id="CDR0000258034__81">If the cancer is low-grade, treatment may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__82"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery with or without <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiation therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__83">If the cancer is high-grade, treatment may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__84"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery with or without radiation therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446191/" class="def">Fast neutron</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446193/" class="def">photon-beam radiation therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial of chemotherapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of radiation therapy
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and/or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046553/" class="def">radiosensitizers</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__TrialSearch_79_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__86"><h2 id="_CDR0000258034__86_">Treatment of Stage III Salivary Gland Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258034__733">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000258034__53">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__87">Treatment for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446189/" class="def">stage III salivary gland cancer</a> depends on whether the cancer is <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000386213/" class="def">low-grade</a> (slow growing) or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000386205/" class="def">high-grade</a> (fast growing).</p><p id="CDR0000258034__88">If the cancer is low-grade, treatment may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__89"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery with or without <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045763/" class="def">lymphadenectomy</a>. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">Radiation therapy</a> may also be given after surgery.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiation therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446191/" class="def">Fast neutron radiation therapy</a> to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a> with cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of fast neutron radiation therapy to the tumor.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial of chemotherapy.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__90">If the cancer is high-grade, treatment may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__91"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery with or without lymphadenectomy. Radiation therapy may also be given after surgery.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Fast neutron radiation therapy.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiation therapy as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045815/" class="def">palliative therapy</a> to relieve <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> and improve <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045417/" class="def">quality of life</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial of radiation therapy
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and/or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046553/" class="def">radiosensitizers</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A clinical trial of chemotherapy.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__TrialSearch_86_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__93"><h2 id="_CDR0000258034__93_">Treatment of Stages IVA, IVB, and IVC Salivary Gland Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258034__734">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000258034__53">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__94">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446190/" class="def">stage IVA</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000796503/" class="def">stage IVB</a>, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000796505/" class="def">stage IVC salivary gland cancer</a> may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__95"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446191/" class="def">Fast neutron</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446193/" class="def">photon-beam radiation therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">chemotherapy</a> with or without <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__TrialSearch_93_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__97"><h2 id="_CDR0000258034__97_">Treatment of Recurrent Salivary Gland Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258034__701">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000258034__53">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__98">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045862/" class="def">recurrent</a> salivary gland
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cancer may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__99"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">Radiation
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therapy</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> of a new treatment.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__TrialSearch_97_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__125"><h2 id="_CDR0000258034__125_">To Learn More About Salivary Gland Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000258034__126">For more information from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044266/" class="def">National Cancer Institute</a> about salivary gland cancer, see the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__127"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Head and Neck Cancer Home Page</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/head-neck" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Drugs Approved for Head and Neck Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062871/">Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/head-neck-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Head and Neck Cancers</a>
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</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000258034__125_md_40">For general cancer information and other resources from the National Cancer Institute, visit:</p><ul id="CDR0000258034__125_md_41"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">About Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Staging</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/chemo-and-you" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Chemotherapy and You: Support for People With Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/radiation-therapy-and-you" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Radiation Therapy and You: Support for People With Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Coping with Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/questions" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/ocs/resources/survivors.html" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">For Survivors, Caregivers, and Advocates</a>
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000258034__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of adult salivary gland cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/adult-treatment" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Salivary Gland Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/salivary-gland-treatment-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/adult/salivary-gland-treatment-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389192]</p><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000258034__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK65749</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26389192" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">26389192</a></span></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65749/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK65749/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65749" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK65749" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Salivary Gland Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2023 Sep 21. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. 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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CDR0000258034__1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">General Information About Salivary Gland Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258034__21" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Stages of Salivary Gland Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258034__45" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment Option Overview</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258034__73" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Stage I Salivary Gland Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258034__79" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Stage II Salivary Gland Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258034__86" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Stage III Salivary Gland Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258034__93" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Stages IVA, IVB, and IVC Salivary Gland Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258034__97" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Recurrent Salivary Gland Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258034__125" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">To Learn More About Salivary Gland Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000258034__AboutThis_1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">About This PDQ Summary</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related publications</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK65952/">Health Professional Version</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" 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