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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng242er7-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence reviews for the effectiveness and acceptability of intravitreal steroids, macular laser and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for treating diabetic macular oedema" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK607323_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence reviews for the effectiveness and acceptability of intravitreal steroids, macular laser and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for treating diabetic macular oedema</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Diabetic retinopathy: management and monitoring</div><p><b>Evidence review G</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 242</i></p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2024 Aug</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-6435-2</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2024.</div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="niceng242er7.s1"><h2 id="_niceng242er7_s1_">1. Effectiveness and acceptability of intravitreal steroids, macular laser and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for treating diabetic macular oedema</h2><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question</h3><p>What is the effectiveness and acceptability of intravitreal steroids, macular laser and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for treating diabetic macular oedema?</p><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.1"><h4>1.1.1. Introduction</h4><p>People with diabetic retinopathy can develop macular oedema, a swelling or thickening of the macula. Diabetic macular oedema is a common complication of diabetic retinopathy and can lead to moderate to severe visual loss. Currently there are several treatment options for people with diabetic macular oedema including macular laser (standard threshold or subthreshold laser), anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents (anti-VEGFs), intravitreal steroids, or combinations of these treatments. This review aims to compare all treatments to identify the most effective treatment strategy for people with diabetic macular oedema.</p><p>This evidence review informed recommendations in the NICE guideline on the management and treatment of diabetic retinopathy, which is a new NICE guideline in this area.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.2"><h4>1.1.2. Summary of the protocol</h4></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.3"><h4>1.1.3. Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in (<a href="#niceng242er7.appa">Appendix A</a>) and the <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10256/documents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">methods document</a>.</p><p>Results were separated into two populations (people with central-involving macular oedema and people with non-central-involving macular oedema) and were reported at short-term and longer-term time points (12 months and 24 months or longer). As not all studies reported outcomes at these exact time points, it was decided that the 12-month data would include any results from 6 months to 18 months from the beginning of treatment, and 24 months would represent any results reported from 24 months onwards. Results for the primary outcomes of change in visual acuity from baseline and change in central retinal thickness were analysed using network meta-analyses (NMAs) where sufficient data was available. NMAs were therefore used to analyse:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in visual acuity from baseline for people with central-involving macular oedema at 12 months and at 24 months.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central retinal thickness for people with central-involving macular oedema at 12 and at 24 months.</div></li></ul></p><p>Insufficient data was available for an NMA for the other population groups of the primary outcomes, and so results were presented as pairwise meta-analysis for:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in visual acuity from baseline for people with non-central-involving macular oedema at 12 months. No data was available for this comparison at 24 months.</div></li></ul></p><p>Subgroup analysis of the primary NMAs were used to assess the different effects of treatment for people with central retinal thickness greater, or less than, 400 micrometres at baseline. Sufficient data was available for NMAs for:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in visual acuity from baseline for people with central-involving macular oedema and central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more at 12 months and at 24 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central retinal thickness from baseline for people with central-involving macular oedema and central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more at 12 months.</div></li></ul></p><p>Insufficient data was available for a network analysis for subgroup analysis of the other population groups, and so results were presented as meta-analysis for:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central retinal thickness at 24 months for people with central-involving macular oedema and central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>all change in visual acuity and central retinal thickness outcomes for people with central-involving macular oedema and central retinal thickness less than 400 micrometres</div></li></ul></p><p>All secondary outcomes were presented using meta-analysis as stated in the review protocol. These were performed according to the NICE methods stated in the <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10256/documents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">methods document</a>.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/about/who-we-are/policies-and-procedures" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NICE’s conflicts of interest policy</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.4"><h4>1.1.4. Effectiveness evidence</h4><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.4.1"><h5>1.1.4.1. Included studies</h5><p>Four Cochrane reviews (<a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010859.pub2/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Jorge et al. 2018</a>, <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD011599.pub2/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Mehta et al. 2018</a>, <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005656.pub3/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Rittiphairoj et al. 2020</a>, <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007419.pub7/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Virgili et al. 2022</a>) were identified which assessed the effects of monotherapy using macular laser, anti-VEGFs or intravitreal steroids for people with diabetic macular oedema. Each review was judged to be high quality and directly applicable to the review (see <a href="#niceng242er7.appd">Appendix D</a>) and so information about these interventions were taken directly from the reviews, rather than undertaking a new literature search (see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10256/documents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Table 2 in the methods document</a>).The results of these reviews were combined, and an additional search was conducted for combinations of different treatments that were not included in the Cochrane reviews, plus any studies published after the search dates of the Cochrane reviews. The studies in the Cochrane reviews were assessed to ensure that they met the inclusion criteria for this review.</p><p>Sixty studies were included from the Cochrane reviews (one study was included in both the Mehta et al. 2018 and Rittiphairoi et al. 2020 reviews). The number of primary studies included from each Cochrane review were:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010859.pub2/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Jorge et al. 2018</a> (Monotherapy laser photocoagulation): 16 studies</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD011599.pub2/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Mehta et al. 2018</a> (Anti-VEGFs with intravitreal steroids): 8 studies</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005656.pub3/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Rittiphairoj et al. 2020</a> (Intravitreal steroids): 9 studies</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007419.pub7/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Virgili et al. 2022</a> (Anti-VEGFs): 28 studies</div></li></ul></p><p>In the NICE additional search, a total of 3139 records were screened at title and abstract stage. Following title and abstract screening, 129 studies were included for full text screening. These studies were reviewed against the inclusion criteria as described in the review protocol (<a href="#niceng242er7.appa">Appendix A</a>) and 8 additional RCTs were included. An additional 80 studies were found in the re-run search, of which 1 matched the review protocol and was included in the review. One further study was identified during consultation. The comparisons from each of the studies identified in the NICE search were for:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Anti-VEGFs vs macular laser: 1 study</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Anti-VEGFs vs steroids: 2 studies</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Anti-VEGFs vs anti-VEGFs: 3 studies</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Steroids vs sham: 1 study</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Steroids vs macular laser: 1 study</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Steroids with macular laser vs macular laser: 2 studies</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Steroids with macular laser vs steroids: 1 study</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Subthreshold laser vs standard threshold laser: 1 study</div></li></ul></p><p>This included one study with three arms which compared steroids, macular laser, and steroids with macular laser.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.4.2"><h5>1.1.4.2. Excluded studies</h5><p>117 studies were excluded following examination of the full text articles. See <a href="#niceng242er7.appi">Appendix I</a> for the list of excluded studies with reasons for their exclusion.</p></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.5"><h4>1.1.5. Summary of studies included in the effectiveness evidence</h4><p>See <a href="#niceng242er7.appd">Appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.5.1"><h5>Summary of included primary studies from Cochrane systematic review</h5></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6"><h4>1.1.6. Summary of the effectiveness evidence</h4><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.1"><h5>Network meta-analysis</h5><p>
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<b>People with centre-involving macular oedema</b>
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</p><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.1.1"><h5>Visual acuity</h5><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.1.1.1"><h5>Whole population</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.1.1.2"><h5>Subgroup analysis: People with baseline central retinal thickness >400 micrometres</h5></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.1.2"><h5>Central retinal thickness</h5><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.1.2.1"><h5>Whole population</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.1.2.2"><h5>Subgroup analysis: People with baseline central retinal thickness >400 micrometres</h5></div></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2"><h5>Pairwise Meta-analysis</h5><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.1"><h5>People with centre-involving macular oedema (whole population)</h5><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.1.1"><h5>Anti-VEGFs vs standard threshold laser</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.1.2"><h5>Anti-VEGF vs Anti-VEGF</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.1.3"><h5>Anti-VEGF plus standard threshold laser vs Anti-VEGF</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.1.4"><h5>Anti-VEGF vs sham</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.1.5"><h5>Anti-VEGFs + steroids vs Anti-VEGF</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.1.6"><h5>Steroids vs sham</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.1.7"><h5>Steroids vs Anti-VEGFs</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.1.8"><h5>Steroids vs Macular Laser</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.1.9"><h5>Subthreshold laser vs standard threshold laser</h5></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.2"><h5>People with non-centre-involving macular oedema</h5><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.2.1"><h5>Comparisons vs standard threshold laser</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.2.2"><h5>Anti-VEGFs vs sham</h5></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3"><h5>Subgroup analysis: People with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema with a baseline central retinal thickness of less than 400 micrometres</h5><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.1"><h5>Subthreshold vs standard threshold laser</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.2"><h5>Anti-VEGFs vs Anti-VEGFs with standard threshold laser</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.3"><h5>Anti-VEGFs vs standard threshold laser</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.4"><h5>Steroids vs sham</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.5"><h5>Anti-VEGF vs Anti-VEGF</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.6"><h5>Steroids vs Anti-VEGFs</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.7"><h5>Steroids vs standard threshold laser</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.8"><h5>Combination treatments vs standard threshold laser</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.9"><h5>Combination treatments vs Anti-VEGFs</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.10"><h5>Anti-VEGFs vs standard threshold laser</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.11"><h5>Steroids vs standard threshold laser</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.3.12"><h5>Combination treatments vs standard threshold laser</h5></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.4"><h5>Subgroup analysis: People with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema with a baseline central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more</h5></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.5"><h5>Subgroup analysis: People with non-centre-involving diabetic macular oedema and baseline central retinal thickness of less than 400 micrometres</h5><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.6.2.5.1"><h5>Subgroup analysis: People with non-centre-involving diabetic macular oedema and baseline central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more</h5><p>See <a href="#niceng242er7.appg">Appendix G</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.7"><h4>1.1.7. Economic evidence</h4><p>A literature search was conducted to identify published economic evaluations to answer this question. Additionally, any relevant economic analyses conducted for published technology appraisals were reviewed for use in discussion around model conceptualisation and validation for the de novo economic model developed for this review question. The following technology appraisals in treatments for DMO were reviewed: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta824" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">TA824</a>, <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta820" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">TA820</a>, <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta799" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">TA799</a>, <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta346" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">TA346</a>, <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta953" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">TA953</a>, <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta274" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">TA274</a>.</p><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.7.1"><h5>1.1.7.1. Included studies</h5><p>A single search was performed to identify published economic evaluations of relevance to any of the questions in this guideline update (see <a href="#niceng242er7.appb">Appendix B</a>). This search retrieved 672 studies. Based on title and abstract screening, 638 studies could confidently be excluded for this review question and a further 24 studies excluded following the full-text review. Thus, 10 studies were included in the review (see <a href="#niceng242er7.appg">Appendix G</a>).</p><p>See the health economic study selection flow chart presented in <a href="#niceng242er7.appg">Appendix G</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.7.2"><h5>1.1.7.2. Excluded studies</h5><p>Twenty-four studies were excluded at full text review. Some studies were selectively excluded based on limitations of the study, given there were similar studies with fewer limitations already included in the review.</p><p>See <a href="#niceng242er7.appj">Appendix J</a> for excluded studies and reasons for exclusion.</p></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.8"><h4>1.1.8. Summary of included economic evidence</h4></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.9"><h4>1.1.9. Economic model</h4><p>A de novo Markov economic model was conducted from the perspective of UK NHS and personal social services (PSS) for this review question.</p><p>Due to the heterogeneity of the population and associated treatments for diabetic macular oedema (DMO), the model results have been separated by the following populations:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>All centre involving DMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Centre involving DMO with a central retinal thickness (CRT) ≥400µm</div></li></ul></p><p>Due to a lack of data to be able to form an NMA, it was not possible to generate model results for the subpopulations of “centre involving DMO with a CRT<400µm” and “non-centre involving DMO”.</p><p>The model was a lifetime cost-utility analysis comparing nine treatments along with no treatment for DMO: standard threshold laser; subthreshold laser; aflibercept; ranibizumab (Lucentis); ranibizumab plus standard threshold laser; bevacizumab; bevacizumab plus standard threshold laser; brolucizumab; and faricimab. In addition, ranibizumab biosimilar (Ongavia) was considered as a scenario assuming the same efficacy, safety and resource use as ranibizumab.</p><p>Intravitreal steroids are also treatments of interest in DMO, namely: dexamethasone (<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta824" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">TA824</a>) and fluocinolone (<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta953" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">TA953</a>). Intravitreal steroids are predominantly used as second line therapies and are only considered as first line treatments for patients in whom other first line treatments are not suitable or who had not responded to previous treatments (mainly laser), which would be a different population to that considered in this economic analysis. Therefore, intravitreal steroids were not included in the economic model. Consequently, the focus of this economic analysis was first line therapies only. Combination treatment of intravitreal steroids plus anti-VEGF agents was also not considered a comparator of interest as the committee felt it was unlikely that the combination would be used over either type of treatment alone.</p><p>Clinical inputs in the model were based on the literature, while the results of an NMA informed the mean difference in visual acuity. Main outputs were costs, health outcomes (in quality-adjusted life-years; QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and net monetary benefits (NMBs).</p><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.9.1"><h5>All centre involving diabetic macular oedema</h5><p>In the base-case probabilistic analysis using list prices for the anti-VEGF therapies, subthreshold laser had the lowest ICER of £1,248 compared with no treatment. The probabilistic base-case fully incremental results are presented in <a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab68/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng242er7tab68">Table 68</a>. Macular laser treatments are not suitable for all people with centre involving macular oedema, for example people with thicker retinas, and for this reason the probabilistic base-case results compared with no treatment are also presented in <a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab69/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng242er7tab69">Table 69</a>. Whilst subthreshold laser treatment still had the lowest ICER compared with no treatment (and standard threshold laser had the second lowest ICER), bevacizumab monotherapy also had an ICER below £20,000 which is the opportunity cost used by NICE for decision making. It should be noted that these results were not used by the committee when drafting recommendations for this review question, as they do not take into account the confidential discounts associated with each of the anti-VEGF treatments.</p><p>The committee was also presented with the results of the probabilistic base-case and scenario analyses when the confidential Patient Access Scheme (PAS) discounts were applied in the model and these results were used as the basis for their recommendations. These results cannot be presented here because they are commercially sensitive. When these discounts were applied, subthreshold laser remained the treatment with the lowest ICER, and standard threshold laser had the second lowest ICER. Subthreshold laser was the treatment with the lowest ICER in most scenario analyses, but the difference was very small between the two macular laser types. Both bevacizumab and brolucizumab had ICERs below £20,000 per QALY in people for whom laser treatments are not suitable. In the scenario where the confidential prices and the ranibizumab biosimilar (Ongavia) were considered, all treatments had ICERs below £25,000 per QALY. It should be noted that the NICE reference case uses an opportunity cost of £20,000 per QALY gained, but consideration can be given to therapies with an ICER between £20,000 and £30,000, for example when there are few other treatments available for a population or if the strategy is likely to reduce health inequalities.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.9.2"><h5>Centre involving diabetic macular oedema with a CRT≥400µm</h5><p>In the base-case probabilistic analysis using list prices for the anti-VEGF therapies, subthreshold laser had the lowest ICER of £1,442 compared with no treatment. The probabilistic base-case fully incremental results are presented in <a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab70/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng242er7tab70">Table 70</a> and the results compared with no treatment are presented in <a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab71/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng242er7tab71">Table 71</a>. Whilst subthreshold laser treatment still had the lowest ICER compared with no treatment (and standard threshold laser had the second lowest ICER), for people in whom laser therapy is not suitable bevacizumab monotherapy also had an ICER below £20,000 which is the opportunity cost used by NICE for decision making. It should be noted that these results were not used by the committee when drafting recommendations for this review question, as they do not take into account the confidential discounts associated with each of the anti-VEGF treatments.</p><p>The committee was also presented with the results of the probabilistic base-case and scenario analyses when the confidential PAS discounts were applied in the model and these results were used as the basis for their recommendations comparing anti-VEGFs with macular laser therapies. These results cannot be presented here because they are commercially sensitive. When these discounts were applied, subthreshold laser remained treatment with the lowest ICER, while standard threshold laser remained the treatment with the second lowest ICER. The difference was very small between the two macular laser types, and it should be noted that the efficacy for subthreshold laser was assumed equivalent to standard threshold laser due to a lack of data for this population which would explain the very small differences. <span style="background-color:#ffff00">When the confidential prices were considered, all treatments had ICERs below £25,000 per QALY.</span></p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.9.3"><h5>Non-centre involving diabetic macular oedema</h5><p>As described above there was insufficient evidence to form an NMA. However, a pairwise comparison was available for the treatment of non-centre involving DMO with bevacizumab compared with sham treatment. After exploring the impact this mean difference would have on results, no change in conclusion was found compared to the centre involving population. Bevacizumab could still be considered a cost-effective treatment compared with no treatment in people for whom laser treatment is unsuitable.</p></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.10"><h4>1.1.10. Unit costs</h4><p>The list prices of the drugs for this review question are presented in <a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab72/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng242er7tab72">Table 72</a>. It should be noted that aflibercept, ranibizumab, brolucizumab, faricimab and bevacizumab are recommended by NICE only if the manufacturer provides them with the agreed confidential patient access scheme discount.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.11"><h4>1.1.11. Economic evidence statements</h4><p>Ten published cost-utility analyses were identified:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref77">Regnier et al (2015)</a> compared intravitreal ranibizumab treatment (as needed and treat and extend regimens) with intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of DMO. This study found that over a lifetime horizon both of the intravitreal ranibizumab treatment regimens were more effective and less costly compared with aflibercept. This analysis was from an NHS perspective and was informed by the RESTORE clinical trial.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref75">Mitchell et al (2012)</a> compared intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy, intravitreal ranibizumab in combination with laser therapy and laser monotherapy for the treatment of DMO from an NHS perspective. This study found over a 15-year time horizon ranibizumab monotherapy could be considered cost effective assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of £30,000 per QALY.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref76">Pochopien et al (2019)</a> compared the cost effectiveness of fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant with dexamethasone and usual care (mixture of laser treatment and anti-VEGF treatments ranibizumab, bevacizumab and aflibercept) for the treatment of vision impairment in people with DMO which has not responded to previous treatment and who have Pseudophakic lens. The authors also compared the cost effectiveness of FAc compared with usual care for eyes with phakic lens. This study found that over 15 years FAc could be considered cost effective for the population with Pseudophakic lens based on an ICER of £14,070 for FAc compared with dexamethasone and an ICER of £16,609 for FAc compared with usual care.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref71">Haig et al (2016)</a> compared the cost effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy and intravitreal ranibizumab in combination with laser therapy with laser monotherapy for the treatment of DMO from a Canadian healthcare system perspective. The authors considered both ranibizumab monotherapy and ranibizumab in combination with laser to be cost effective over a period of 36 months compared with laser monotherapy for the treatment of visual impairment in people with DMO assuming QALYs are valued at CA$50,000. However, this study was only considered partially applicable due to the Canadian study setting and the different ICER thresholds.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref72">Holekamp et al (2020)</a> compared the cost effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab and intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of DMO. This study found over 10 years aflibercept could not be considered cost effective compared to ranibizumab for the treatment of DMO. However, this study was only partially applicable due to the US study setting which is very different to the NHS, and the study had serious limitations with how the analysis was conducted and reported.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref70">Brown et al (2015)</a> compared the cost effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab compared with the sham arm from RIDE and RISE clinical trials for the treatment of DMO. This study found over 14 years that the ICER incorporating all direct costs from a third-party insurer perspective was $4,587 (£3,186) per QALY. However, this study was only partially applicable due to the US study setting, which is very different to the NHS and the study had serious limitations with how the analysis was conducted and reported.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref79">Stein et al (2013)</a> compared the cost-effectiveness of immediate laser treatment plus ranibizumab, delayed laser treatment plus ranibizumab, immediate laser treatment plus bevacizumab, and delayed laser treatment plus bevacizumab with laser monotherapy for the treatment of DMO. This study found that over 25 years delayed laser treatment was considered cost effective compared to laser treatment with an ICER of $11,138 (£7,774) per QALY and dominated immediate laser plus bevacizumab because deferred laser plus bevacizumab both increased QALYs and had lower costs. Neither immediate laser plus ranibizumab or delayed laser plus ranibizumab would not be considered cost effective with an ICER of $89,903 (£62,752) and $71,271 (£49,747) respectively per QALY. However, this study was only partially applicable due to the US study setting, which is very different to the NHS.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref78">Sharma et al (2000)</a> compared the cost-effectiveness of laser photocoagulation with no treatment in people with DMO. The study estimated over a 40-year life expectancy laser treatment could be considered cost effective compared to no treatment for improving vision in DMO based on a QALY being valued at $20,000. However, this study was only partially applicable due to the US study setting, which is very different to the NHS and the study had serious limitations with how the analysis was conducted and reported.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref74">Lois et al (2022)</a> compared the cost-effectiveness of subthreshold micro pulse laser compared with standard threshold laser treatment in adults with centre involving DMO with either a CRT between 300µm and 400µm or CRT<300µm and subretinal fluid was present in the central subfield. Over the two-year DIAMOND clinical trial duration, the study estimated that subthreshold laser could be considered equivalent to standard threshold laser in terms of both costs and clinical benefits and considered both treatments to be cost-effective treatments in people for whom laser treatment is suitable and have a CRT<400µm.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref73">Hutton et al (2023)</a> compared the cost-effectiveness of aflibercept monotherapy with bevacizumab as first line treatment followed by aflibercept if needed. The study estimated bevacizumab as first line treatment followed by aflibercept if needed to be a cost saving treatment without any changes in visual acuity gains across the two-year clinical trial duration. Aflibercept monotherapy was not considered to be cost effective compared with bevacizumab as first line treatment.</div></li></ul></p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12"><h4>1.1.12. The committee’s discussion and interpretation of the evidence</h4><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.1"><h5>1.1.12.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee agreed that change in visual acuity as well as change in central (subfield) retinal thickness are very important outcomes in decision-making. These are the outcomes that determine how a person’s diabetic macular oedema can be treated and managed, and improvements in vision are a crucial outcome for people who have diabetic macular oedema.</p><p>The committee were also interested in other outcomes, such as visual acuity gain of three lines or more and the complications associated with treatment (adverse events). While improving or maintaining vision is a crucial aim of treatments for people with diabetic macular oedema, some of the adverse events associated with some treatments can have a considerable impact on a person’s quality of life. As such the committee thought it was important to consider these when deciding on recommendations.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.2"><h5>1.1.12.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.2.1"><h5>People with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema</h5><p>There was sufficient evidence that was representative of current practice in the NHS and from similar population groups to combine the data into a network meta-analysis (NMA) for the outcomes of change of best corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness at 12 months and 24 months for people with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema. NMA outcomes were moderate- to high-quality and directly applicable to the review.</p><p>The evidence for individual anti-VEGFs used a range of doses, time between doses and treatment durations. However, the committee stated that these were all within an acceptable range for clinical practice and so the data for each of anti-VEGFs was grouped for analysis.</p><p>It is important to note the aim of this review was to support the committee decision making in recommending treatment options for people with diabetic macular oedema (macular laser, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents (anti-VEGFs), intravitreal steroids, or combinations of these treatments). When discussing the approach for combining the evidence the committee noted that some of the treatments varied in their administration and should be considered separately in the analysis rather than grouped by class or type of treatment. The committee noted that the different anti-VEGFs have different recommended dosing regimens and there are different types of macular laser treatment thresholds . It was therefore decided that each treatment (anti-VEGFs, types of macular laser and steroids) should be considered separately in the analysis, rather than grouped by class or type of treatment. This separation aimed to minimise the heterogeneity in the analysis, which could otherwise affect the results of the NMA and their interpretation by the committee.</p><p>Studies reported visual acuity using a range of outcomes, as either logMAR, the number of ETDRS letters or using the Snellen ratio. To ensure these could be compared, all visual acuity results were converted into logMAR which the committee agreed was a suitable way to interpret the results.</p><p>There was considerably more data for the NMAs at 12 months than at 24 months. Fewer studies for the 24-month analysis, and therefore wider credible intervals, made it difficult to be confident in the longer-term effects of different treatment options on visual acuity. The effects for change in central retinal thickness were more apparent, but there were fewer treatments in the evidence base, making it difficult to determine whether treatments that were most effective at 12 months were also most effective longer-term. However, the committee thought that the results from the 12-month analysis were of high enough quality on which to base decision making, agreeing that at 12 months, any improvements in visual acuity are important to people who have diabetic macular oedema.</p><p>Data for outcomes other than visual acuity and central retinal thickness were much less widely reported and ranged from high- to very low-quality. For this reason, most of the decisions on recommendations were based on the visual acuity and central retinal thickness data, with the committee using their clinical knowledge and experience of other outcomes, such as adverse events.</p><p>A number of subgroups were listed in the protocol. However, data was only available for one of these subgroups (central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more, and central retinal thickness of less than 400 micrometres at baseline). Where studies reported data separated into these categories, the relevant data was included in each subgroup. However, many of the studies only reported pooled results for all people in the trial and did not separate the results by subgroups based on central retinal thickness. In this instance, studies were assigned to a subgroup based on whether the mean central retinal thickness at baseline was above or below 400 micrometres. A limitation to this subgroup analysis is that some people who had central retinal thickness of below 400 micrometres will have been included in the over 400 micrometres subgroup if the mean central retinal thickness for the whole study was above 400 micrometres (and vice versa). However, limited reporting in the studies meant that it was not possible to differentiate these populations further. Most of the studies had a mean baseline central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more and so there was limited information to determine whether the effects of treatment were different for these groups. While there was enough data to compare the effectiveness of different treatments using an NMA for the subgroup of 400 micrometres or more, the limited number of studies in the less than 400 micrometres subgroup meant that pairwise meta-analysis had to be used. As the studies reported on a range of different interventions and comparators, some of the outcomes were based on the result of a single study. Quality of the evidence for the outcomes for people in the less than 400 micrometres subgroup ranged from high- to low-quality, with most being high-quality.</p><p>The committee also discussed the use of rescue treatments in the studies. Rescue treatments may make the treatment used in the study arms appear more effective. However, this was not clearly reported in many of the studies, making it difficult to be sure whether the effect was purely a result of the treatment used in the intervention arm, or whether the results also represented the effect of any rescue treatments.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.2.2"><h5>People with non-centre-involving diabetic macular oedema</h5><p>There were very few studies for people with non-centre-involving diabetic macular oedema, and evidence for each of the outcomes was fully applicable to the review and ranged from low- to high-quality. Most of the studies had small sample sizes, and each reported on different interventions. This meant that the evidence was based on results from single studies, rather than pooled pairwise meta-analysis. Neither of the primary outcomes (change in visual acuity and change in central retinal thickness from baseline) were widely reported in these studies. There was very limited evidence for other outcomes, for example ocular adverse events were rare and poorly reported, which limited the comparisons that the committee could make between different treatments.</p></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.3"><h5>1.1.12.3. Imprecision and clinical importance of effects</h5><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.3.1"><h5>People with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema</h5><p>At 12 months in the overall NMA analysis and in the NMA analysis for the subgroup with central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more, the majority of anti-VEGFs as well as intravitreal dexamethasone implant were more effective at improving visual acuity than standard threshold laser for people with centre-involving macular oedema. The credible intervals did not cross the line of no effect and the committee were satisfied that this reflected a genuine effect that was large enough to be clinically meaningful. Most anti-VEGFs were also more effective at reducing central retinal thickness at 12 months than standard threshold laser, although results for bevacizumab crossed the line of no effect.</p><p>Combination treatments such as Ranibizumab with Dexamethasone, Ranibizumab with standard threshold laser, Triamcinolone with Bevacizumab and Bevacizumab with standard threshold laser were also more effective at improving visual acuity at 12 months than standard threshold laser alone. Some combination treatments (Ranibizumab with Dexamethasone, Ranibizumab with standard threshold laser) were more effective than standard threshold laser at reducing central retinal thickness at 12 months. This indicates that where anti-VEGF treatment alone is not effective, the addition of macular laser may be beneficial.</p><p>Results varied for the subgroup of people with central retinal thickness less than 400 micrometres. Many of the outcomes were based on single study analysis and some had wide confidence intervals, making it more difficult to be certain of the effects of different treatments for those outcomes. The evidence indicated there were some benefits in improving visual acuity and reducing central retinal thickness with anti-VEGFs compared to standard threshold laser. However, the limited number of studies and the range of different comparisons made it more difficult for the committee to be certain of the effectiveness of different treatments than it was for the subgroup with central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more.</p><p>There was considerably less data available to assess longer-term effectiveness of each treatment for the overall analysis and the subgroups. For change in visual acuity, the NMA effect estimates at 24 months favoured anti-VEGF treatments and anti-VEGF combined with standard threshold laser in comparison to standard threshold laser alone. However, the limited data meant there were wide credible intervals making it difficult to be sure of the longer-term effects of each treatment. Results for change in central retinal thickness at 24 months were more precise, and the committee thought that these indicated a clinically meaningful effect. The committee were confident that, while there was less evidence and fewer treatments for the 24-month analysis, the short-term results were enough to make recommendations on the most effective treatments for people with centre-involving macular oedema.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.3.2"><h5>People with non-central-involving diabetic macular oedema</h5><p>The limited number of studies, small sample sizes and reliance on outcomes from single studies meant that it was difficult to be certain of the effects of different treatments. These limitations also meant that many of the outcomes had wide confidence intervals, which made decision making about the most effective treatment options for this group more difficult. Therefore, the committee relied on their clinical knowledge and experience as well as information from the treatment thresholds review when discussing recommendations (see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10256/documents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">evidence review B</a>).</p></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.4"><h5>1.1.12.4. Benefits and harms</h5><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.4.1"><h5>People with centre-involving and non-centre-involving diabetic macular oedema</h5><p>The committee highlighted the importance of all people who have clinically significant diabetic macular oedema being offered treatment, whether this is centre-involving or non-centre-involving oedema. Without treatment all people with clinically significant diabetic macular oedema are at risk of vision loss and of needing further treatments. They also discussed the importance of ensuring that people with diabetic macular oedema are aware of their diagnosis, including whether they have centre-involving or non-centre-involving macular oedema. They should also be made aware of the benefits and side-effects of each treatment option. It was highlighted that many people with macular oedema are offered treatment without being provided with a clear explanation of what the treatment involves and why it is being offered to them. This can be very stressful, particularly at a time when people are already concerned about further loss of vision. People are unlikely to be familiar with macular laser and anti-VEGF treatments and are therefore often concerned about what the treatments may involve. Shared decision making is therefore an important part of the treatment pathway for macular oedema and will help patients to understand why a particular treatment may be best for them. It will also ensure that treatment fits their personal needs and circumstances.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.4.2"><h5>People with non-centre-involving diabetic macular oedema</h5><p>Given the limited evidence for people with non-centre-involving diabetic macular oedema, the committee used their clinical knowledge and experience, as well as evidence from the thresholds for starting treatment review (see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10256/documents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">evidence review B</a>) to decide on the recommendations for this group.</p><p>The committee highlighted the importance of the use of macular laser for people with non-centre-involving macular oedema, as this can delay the need for anti-VEGF treatment that is more commonly needed once a person’s macular oedema progresses to the point where it is centre-involving. Although there was limited evidence to compare the effectiveness of macular laser to other treatments for people with non-centre involving macular oedema, the committee were confident that this is an effective treatment for this group, and something that already happens in clinical practice. They thought a recommendation was important for this group because, without treatment, these people will progress to centre-involving macular oedema and be at higher risk of its associated complications, such as vision loss. They also noted that the review on treatment thresholds (see Tables 12 and 13 and section 1.1.11.4 in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10256/documents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">evidence review B</a>) included high- to moderate-quality evidence from a large study that indicated that when macular laser is provided when someone is at an early stage of diabetic macular oedema, it can slow the worsening of visual acuity compared to when it is provided later. Slowing the worsening of visual acuity is an important outcome for people who have diabetic retinopathy, and so it was recommended that macular laser should be offered to all people who have non-centre-involving diabetic macular oedema as this is an early stage of diabetic macular oedema.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.4.3"><h5>People with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema</h5><p>The committee were aware of the NICE technology appraisals relating to the use of anti-VEGFs and steroids for people with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema. Their discussion therefore centred around the effectiveness of anti-VEGFs, steroids and combinations of treatments in comparison to standard threshold laser. They did not consider the relative effectiveness of different anti-VEGFs, or of different steroids. The committee concluded that the NMAs showed that, anti-VEGFs, either alone or combined with standard threshold laser, are more effective at improving visual acuity and reducing central retinal thickness at 12 months than standard threshold laser alone. Pairwise meta-analysis indicated that anti-VEGF treatments resulted in more people achieving a gain in visual acuity of three lines or more than standard threshold laser, although it did have a higher mean number of treatments. The number of adverse events reported for both treatments were very small and could not differentiate between treatments. The committee noted that, in their experience, anti-VEGFs are not commonly associated with a high number of ocular adverse events and are generally well tolerated.</p><p>For steroids, in comparison to standard threshold laser, visual acuity was improved with the use of dexamethasone alone or in combination with ranibizumab at 12 months. However, pairwise meta-analysis results showed a higher number of ocular adverse events (development of cataract, increased intraocular pressure and vitreous haemorrhage) associated with intravitreal steroids. The committee also emphasised that there is no way to predict who is more likely develop adverse events which makes decision making difficult, particularly as some of the adverse events could have a big impact on someone’s quality of life. The pairwise meta-analysis also showed greater improvements in visual acuity (three or more lines improvement) for anti-VEGFs than steroids at 12 months.</p><p>Based on the evidence of effectiveness from the NMA and adverse events from pairwise meta-analysis, the committee decided to recommend that anti-VEGFs should be offered as first line treatment for people with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema and central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more. The benefits of greater improvements in vision compared to other treatment options was considered important, as this will have a considerable impact on the lives of people who have diabetic macular oedema. Macular laser is often less effective for this group of people and therefore the committee thought that, although anti-VEGFs can require a greater number of treatments than macular laser, this is outweighed by the benefits of improvements in vision and the relatively small risks of adverse events. The committee added an extra criterion that these recommendations are for people with visual impairment, as they were aware that the most effective treatment varies between those who have good and poor vision. The criteria to distinguish between people who are considered to have good or poor vision was based on the inclusion criteria that are reported in many of the studies. The recommendations for the use of anti-VEGFs included reference to the NICE technology appraisals for the use of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta274/chapter/1-Guidance" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ranibizumab</a>, <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta346/chapter/1-Guidance" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">aflibercept</a>, <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta799/chapter/1-Recommendations" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">faricimab</a> and <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta820/chapter/1-Recommendations" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">brolucizumab</a>. Each of these anti-VEGFs was shown to be effective in the NMA and so the committee were satisfied that there were no contradictions in the evidence base.</p><p>While the overall NMA and economic model in this review indicated that anti-VEGFs are both clinically and cost-effective for the full diabetic macular oedema population, they are only considered to be cost-effective for people with central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more in the technology appraisals. The committee discussed how some people, such as women and people of South Asian or Afro-Caribbean descent tend to have thinner retinas. This means that even if they have retinal thickening, they may not reach, or will take longer to reach, the 400 micrometre threshold, and may therefore miss out on important treatment, which could lead to greater loss of vision. Given that the NMAs and economic model in this review showed anti-VEGFs to be clinically and cost-effective for a wider population, and the meta-analysis indicated that there may be some benefits to the use of anti-VEGFs in this group, the committee decided to recommend that anti-VEGFs are considered for people with central retinal thickness of less than 400 micrometres. With more limited evidence for people with thinner retinas, and an awareness that macular laser can have benefits, they did not think they could make as strong a recommendation in favour of anti-VEGFs as for those in the subgroup with greater central retinal thickness. Macular laser was recommended as the alternative option for this group. Although the analysis suggests that some anti-VEGFs may be most effective, macular laser can also be effective and is current practice for many people in this group because of the 400 micrometre threshold in the NICE technology appraisal guidance. It also has the benefit of delaying the need for anti-VEGF treatment for some people.</p><p>The committee were aware that some people who have anti-VEGF treatments will not respond as well as others and may need additional treatment. For this reason, they recommended that clinicians should consider macular laser as adjuvant treatment if a person’s vision does not improve or stabilise after the anti-VEGF loading dose. They also highlighted how some people have a delayed response to treatment, and so a further review should take place to identify if someone still has a suboptimal response to treatment. When discussing the timing of this additional review, the committee noted that the evidence for the technology appraisal for ranibizumab showed improvements in visually acuity in the first 12 months after treatment. They were also concerned that switching treatment before this point could result in people experiencing the additional adverse events associated with intravitreal steroids, when they could still respond to anti-VEGF treatment if they are given more time. They therefore decided that 12 months is an appropriate time for this additional review for most people. If someone still shows a suboptimal response at this point then an intravitreal steroid implant should be considered.</p><p>When discussing a change in treatment following a suboptimal response, the committee decided to recommend the use of intravitreal steroids. The committee reviewed the NMA evidence and acknowledged the limitations of the NMA with regards to the limited data for inclusion in the NMA for fluocinolone acetonide. The committee was aware of NICE technology appraisal guidance for the use of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant or fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant as second line therapies for DMO. The NMA showed that an intravitreal dexamethasone implant is an effective treatment option, even if associated with a higher number of adverse events which is in line with the <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta824/chapter/1-Recommendations" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NICE technology appraisal guidance</a>. While the committee considered the limitations of the NMA applied for both corticosteroid therapies, evidence for fluocinolone acetonide was limited, with no evidence for visual acuity at 12 months, and a similar effect to dexamethasone at 24 months. Evidence for reduction in central retinal thickness showed a greater effect for dexamethasone than fluocinolone at 12 months and there was no evidence for fluocinolone at 24 months. With this limited data for fluocinolone, there was insufficient evidence to widen the population beyond that included in the NICE technology appraisal guidance. The committee acknowledged that NICE Technology Appraisal (TA953) demonstrated comparable safety and efficacy between fluocinolone acetonide and dexamethasone intravitreal therapies. They agreed that the recommendation doesn’t specify which intravitreal corticosteroid therapy should be used, leaving the choice open. Therefore, links were provided to each of the technology appraisal recommendations for people who have shown a suboptimal response to anti-VEGF treatment. The committee noted that there are also some people who may not be able to regularly attend a clinic to have anti-VEGF injections, such as those who have work or carer commitments that make it difficult to attend, or people who have limited access to transport. There are also people who may not want to continue with regular injections for other reasons, such as anxiety about injections. They therefore recommended the use of intravitreal steroids is also considered for these people to ensure that they don’t miss out on the benefits of treatment. The committee discussed how a person can decide that they do not want anti-VEGF treatment at any time, from when they are first being considered as a treatment option, or at any point after they have been prescribed. Finally, the committee highlighted how some people may not be able to have non-corticosteroid therapy, such as people who are pregnant at the time of diagnosis or who become pregnant during treatment, and so this was also included in the recommendation. Current NICE technology appraisal guidance supports the use of dexamethasone for these groups of people.</p><p>Most of the recommendations are based on people who have central-involving diabetic macular oedema and poor vision, as this is the group who will benefit most from treatment and reflects most of the evidence base. However, some people with diabetic macular oedema will have good vision. These people may gain fewer benefits from the use of anti-VEGFs, steroids or macular laser, but could still be considered for treatment. In the review on thresholds for starting treatment (see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10256/documents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">evidence review B</a>), one study with high quality outcomes (<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref57">ETDRS 1985</a>) reported that early laser can reduce the worsening of visual acuity and the incidence of clinically significant macular oedema compared to delayed macular laser treatment. The committee thought this was important to consider because, in their clinical experience, macular laser can be useful for people with diabetic macular oedema and good vision as a way to delay the need for anti-VEGF treatment, which will be needed once their vision becomes worse. However, given that this evidence was based on a single study, the committee decided to recommend that either observation or macular laser should be considered for this group of people. The decision over which to use should be based on a discussion with the patient about the benefits and risks of each option. The committee were aware that while the two types of macular laser (standard threshold and subthreshold) show similar levels of effectiveness, subthreshold laser is associated with fewer adverse events, and so may be a more beneficial option for this group of people. However, there are currently no studies that compare the effectiveness of subthreshold laser to observation, and so the committee thought that the decision over macular laser or observation should be a choice between a patient and their clinician and should involve careful consideration of the best option to reduce the patients’ chance of progression.</p></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.12.5"><h5>1.1.12.5. Cost-effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>The committee considered the ten cost-effectiveness studies identified in the literature for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Although some studies were directly applicable, the committee felt that not all relevant comparators were included in the studies to suitably aid the decision making. The de novo economic model allowed all treatment options to be considered together using inputs and assumptions relevant to NHS clinical practice based on both the literature and committee expertise.</p><p>The committee considered the de novo economic model results alongside the clinical evidence for centre involving DMO. The economic model results for all people with centre involving DMO found subthreshold laser treatment had the lowest ICER and was considered to be the most cost-effective therapy compared with no treatment. When the PAS prices were considered, all treatments had ICERs below £25,000 per QALY. The committee considered these results to be reasonable given anti-VEGFs are only reimbursed by NICE for the population of people with centre-involving DMO with a CRT≥400µm. The committee did discuss that in general subthreshold laser would be expected to be used predominantly in those with a CRT<400µm and laser-based therapies may not be suitable for those with a CRT≥400µm. The results were found to be sensitive to changes in assumptions around the source of utility mapping from visual acuity to evaluate quality of life and the number of treatment and monitoring visits anticipated over time. In the base-case analysis, the committee felt the utility values from <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref82">Czoski-Murray et al (2009)</a> were most appropriate as it has been widely accepted within the technology appraisals in DMO despite the limitation of this being a simulated study. The use of other utility sources were explored in scenario analyses. The economic model results for people with centre involving DMO and a CRT≥400µm found subthreshold laser treatment to be the most cost-effective therapy compared to no treatment. When the PAS prices were considered, all treatments had ICERs below £25,000 per QALY. The committee highlighted that the restriction to treatment using anti-VEGFs for those with a CRT≥400µm could increase health inequalities. The committee explained that some populations such as some ethnic minority populations and females commonly have thinner retinas, meaning they may miss out on treatment options for the anti-VEGFs restricted to the treatment of people with a CRT≥400µm.</p><p>The committee discussed that given the potential health inequalities associated with limiting recommending anti-VEGFs based on central retinal thickness threshold they should be at least considered as treatment for everyone with centre involving DMO with reduced visual acuity. This recommendation is supported by the economic evidence given the similarity in the results across both the all centre involving DMO population and the subgroup of those with a CRT≥400µm.</p><p>The committee discussed the key differences in the assumptions and data used within the technology appraisal guidance and of the de novo cost-effectiveness analysis presented to the committee. The clinical data used to inform the economic model was different to that used in the technology appraisals, in that this model utilised outcomes of NMAs on mean difference in BCVA with aggregate data from many RCTs, whereas technology appraisals generally use patient level data from RCTs that include the technology being appraised. The NMA results found anti-VEGFs to be clinically effective compared with macular laser therapy or no treatment; however, it is possible this effect may be different than in the individual technology appraisals because of the wider population and evidence base considered. Although anti-VEGFs were more clinically effective than either type of laser, both lasers came out as most cost-effective options since they were very cheap even when the confidential prices for anti-VEGFs were used. This may explain any differences in conclusions of cost-effectiveness of treatments, where the anti-VEGFs are recommended currently by NICE for those with a CRT≥400µm.</p><p>The results were sensitive to changes in the utility source, the proportion of patients remaining on treatment after five years and the number of monitoring and treatment visits. Many of the previous technology appraisals restricted treatment duration to five years, which the committee discussed is not realistic in current clinical practice. When this scenario was explored most anti-VEGFs became cost effective below an ICER threshold of £20,000 per QALY. However, people can remain on anti-VEGFs for much longer than this which is why this assumption was not used within the base-case analysis.</p><p>After accounting for patient costs, the other anti-VEGFs could also be considered cost effective; however, it should be noted that these are only community related costs outside of the NHS and PSS perspective for people with low vision, which refers to BCVA of less than 35 letters. The committee discussed the substantial burden of transport related costs for attending the frequent appointments associated with anti-VEGFs. It is possible the results of this scenario could be different should data on transport costs for patients become available.</p><p>The committee recommended the use of anti-VEGFs as a first line treatment for those with centre-involving DMO. The committee discussed anti-VEGFs can be resource intensive in terms of clinical time as patients may be required to attend appointments as regularly as every four weeks, which can have pressure on demand for services. Likewise, attending clinics can be burdensome for the patient particularly for those of working age. The committee discussed that the benefits of treatment with anti-VEGF outweighs the costs, in terms of preventing sight loss which can reduce the high long-term costs associated with support for people with low vision and has a greater impact on quality of life. Overall, the committee did not anticipate this would have a resource impact as this is currently in line with current clinical practice. However, it should be noted that the long-term usage of an anti-VEGF can represent a large cost burden to both the NHS and the patient in terms of transport costs for frequent clinic visits. The introduction of biosimilars is anticipated to reduce some of this financial burden to the NHS.</p><p>In the absence of economic evidence comparing dexamethasone and fluocinolone acetonide, the committee made recommendations on intravitreal steroids that aligned with the existing technology appraisals of those treatments.</p><p>No economic analyses were presented alongside the clinical evidence for non-centre involving DMO. The committee discussed that by offering a macular laser this can delay regression of disease and reduce the need and quantity of costly anti-VEGF treatments. Overall, the committee anticipated that by treating people with non-centre involving DMO with a macular laser treatment, this would have a positive resource impact by delaying the need for more resource intensive treatment.</p></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.13"><h4>1.1.13. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>The committee were aware of other recommendations about when to assess response to anti-VEGFs. They highlighted how the NHS Framework Agreement for the supply of Medical Retinal Vascular Treatments states that one approach to this is to assess response after 6 months of anti-VEGF treatment. However, they noted that these decisions were based primarily on the effectiveness of anti-VEGF treatments and steroids, and not the additional adverse events associated with steroids. As such, they thought that their decision to recommend a review of response to anti-VEGF treatment after 12 months was appropriate for most people.</p><p>The committee discussed how people may have different pathologies in each eye. They stressed the importance of treating diabetic retinopathy on a per-eye basis. This will ensure that individuals receive the most effective treatment which addresses the specific active issues in each eye, rather than focusing solely on one eye with more severe disease. Treating both eyes individually is essential because it reduces the risk of progression in either eye, ultimately lowering the chances of severe consequences like vision loss.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.14"><h4>1.1.14. Recommendations supported by this evidence review</h4><p>This evidence review supports recommendations 1.3.1 and 1.6.1 to 1.6.11.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.rl.r1"><h4>1.1.15. References – included studies</h4><ul class="simple-list"><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.rl.r1.1"><h5>1.1.14.1. Effectiveness</h5><ul class="simple-list"><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.rl.r1.1.1"><h5>Included studies from NICE search</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref1">Callanan, David G, Gupta, Sunil, Boyer, David S
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120(9): 1843–51
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23706947" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23706947</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref2">Chen, Y.-X., Li, X.-X., Yoon, Y.H.
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14: 741–750
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7069586/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7069586</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32210527" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32210527</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref3">Faghihi, H, Esfahani, MR, Harandi, ZA
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22(1): 21–26</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref4">Fouda, S.M. and Bahgat, A.M. (2017) Intravitreal aflibercept versus intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Clinical Ophthalmology
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11: 567–571
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5367610/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5367610</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28356711" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28356711</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref5">Gillies, Mark C, Simpson, Judy M, Gaston, Christine
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19796823" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19796823</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref6">Lam, Dennis S C, Chan, Carmen K M, Mohamed, Shaheeda
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et al. (2007) Intravitreal triamcinolone plus sequential grid laser versus triamcinolone or laser alone for treating diabetic macular edema: six-month outcomes. Ophthalmology
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17459479" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17459479</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref7">Shaggily, Cemal and Duru, Necati (2020) COMPARISON OF INTRAVITREAL DEXAMETHASONE IMPLANT AND AFLIBERCEPT IN PATIENTS WITH TREATMENT-NAIVE DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA WITH SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 40(6): 1044–1052
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30950970" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30950970</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref8">Vader, Maartje J C, Schauwvlieghe, Ann-Sofie M E, Verbraak, Frank D
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et al. (2020) Comparing the Efficacy of Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema (BRDME): The BRDME Study, a Randomized Trial. Ophthalmology. Retina
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4(8): 777–788
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32362552" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32362552</span></a>]</div></li><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.rl.r1.1.1.1"><h5>Included studies from Cochrane review: Virgili et al-2022</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref9"><p id="p-1089">
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<strong>Azad 2012</strong>
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</p>Azad
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R, Sain
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S, Sharma
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YR, Mahajan
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D. Comparison of intravitreal bevacizumab, intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, and macular grid augmentation in refractory diJuse diabetic macular edema: A prospective, randomized study. Oman Journal of Ophthalmology
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||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3574512/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3574512</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23439853" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23439853</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref10"><p id="p-1090"><strong>Baker 2019</strong> Baker 2019 {published data only}</p>Baker
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CW, Glassman
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AR, Beaulieu
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WT, Antoszyk
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AN, Browning
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DJ, Chalam
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KV, et al. EJect of initial management with aflibercept vs laser photocoagulation vs observation on vision loss among patients with diabetic macular edema involving the center of the macula and good visual acuity: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6537845/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6537845</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31037289" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31037289</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref11"><p id="p-1091">
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<strong>BOLT 2010 (Michaelides 2010)</strong>
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||
</p>Michaelides
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M, Kaines
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||
A, Hamilton
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||
RD, Fraser-Bell
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||
S, Rajendram
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||
R, Quhill
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||
F, et al. A prospective randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab or laser therapy in the management of diabetic macular edema (BOLT study) 12-month data: report 2. Ophthalmology
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2010;117(6):1078–86.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20416952" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20416952</span></a>]<br />Rajendram
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||
R, Fraser-Bell
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||
S, Kaines
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||
A, Michaelides
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||
M, Hamilton
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||
RD, Esposti
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||
SD, et al. A 2-year prospective randomized controlled trial of intravitreal bevacizumab or laser therapy (BOLT) in the management of diabetic macular edema: 24-month data: report 3. Archives of Ophthalmology
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2012;130(8):972–9.
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||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22491395" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22491395</span></a>]<br />Sivaprasad
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||
S, Crosby-Nwaobi
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||
R, Esposti
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||
S, Peto
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||
T, Rajendram
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||
R, Michaelides
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||
M, et al. Structural and functional measures of eJicacy in response to bevacizumab monotherapy in diabetic macular oedema: exploratory analyses of the BOLT Study (Report 4). PloS ONE
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2013;8(8):e72755
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||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3754932/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3754932</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24013651" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24013651</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref12"><p id="p-1092">
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||
<strong>Brown 2015</strong>
|
||
</p>Brown
|
||
DM, Schmidt-Erfurth
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||
U, Do
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||
DV, Holz
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||
FG, Boyer
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||
DS, Midena
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||
E, Heier
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||
JS, Terasaki
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||
H, Kaiser
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||
PK, Marcus
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||
DM, Nguyen
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||
QD, JaJe
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||
GJ, Slakter
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||
JS, Simader
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||
C, Soo
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||
Y, Schmelter
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||
T, Yancopoulos
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||
GD, Stahl
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||
N, Vitti
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||
R, Berliner
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||
AJ, Zeitz
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||
O, Metzig
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||
C, Korobelnik
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||
JF. Intravitreal Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema: 100-Week Results From the VISTA and VIVID Studies. Ophthalmology
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2015;122(10):2044–52.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26198808" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26198808</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref13"><p id="p-1093">
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||
<strong>Brown 2020</strong>
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||
</p>Brown
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DM, Emanuelli
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A, Bandello
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F, Barranco
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JJ, Figueira
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E, et al. KESTREL and KITE: 52-week results from two Phase III pivotal trials of brolucizumab for diabetic macular edema. American Journal of Ophthalmology
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2022;238:157–72
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35038415" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35038415</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref14"><p id="p-1094">
|
||
<strong>Chatzirallis 2020</strong>
|
||
</p>Chatzirallis
|
||
A, Theodossiadis
|
||
P, Droutsas
|
||
K, Koutsandrea
|
||
C, Ladas
|
||
I, Moschos
|
||
MM. Ranibizumab versus aflibercept for diabetic macular edema: 18-month results of a comparative, prospective, randomized study and multivariate analysis of visual outcome predictors. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology
|
||
2020;39:317–22
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32722955" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32722955</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref15"><p id="p-1095">
|
||
<strong>DA VINCI 2011 (Do 2012)</strong>
|
||
</p>Do
|
||
DV, Nguyen
|
||
QD, Boyer
|
||
D, Schmidt-Erfurth
|
||
U, Brown
|
||
DM, Vitti
|
||
R, et al. One-year outcomes of the DA VINCI Study of VEGF Trap-Eye in eyes with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
2012;119(8):1658–65.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22537617" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22537617</span></a>]<br />Do
|
||
DV, Schmidt-Erfurth
|
||
U, Gonzalez
|
||
VH, Gordon
|
||
CM, Tolentino
|
||
M, Berliner
|
||
AJ, et al. The DAVINCI Study: phase 2 primary results of VEGF Trap-Eye in patients with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
2011;118(9):1819–26
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21546089" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21546089</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref16"><p id="p-1096">
|
||
<strong>DRCRnet 2010</strong>
|
||
</p>Anonymous. Erratum: Patient-reported visual function outcomes improve aGer ranibizumab treatment in patients with vision impairment due to diabetic macular edema: Randomized clinical trial (JAMA Ophthalmology (2013) 131:10 (1339-1347) DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4592). JAMA Ophthalmology
|
||
2013;131(12):1652. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23974915" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23974915</span></a>]<br />Bressler
|
||
SB, Qin
|
||
H, Beck
|
||
RW, Chalam
|
||
KV, Kim
|
||
JE, Melia
|
||
M, et al. Factors associated with changes in visual acuity and central subfield thickness at 1 year aGer treatment for diabetic [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3543147/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3543147</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22965591" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22965591</span></a>]<br />Bressler
|
||
SB, Qin
|
||
H, Melia
|
||
M, Bressler
|
||
NM, Beck
|
||
RW, Chan
|
||
CK, et al. Exploratory analysis of the eJect of intravitreal ranibizumab or triamcinolone on worsening of diabetic retinopathy in a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmology
|
||
2013;131(8):1033–40.
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4162127/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4162127</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23807371" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23807371</span></a>]<br />Dewan
|
||
V, Lambert
|
||
D, Edler
|
||
J, Kymes
|
||
S, Apte
|
||
RS. CosteJectiveness analysis of ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
2012;119(8):1679–84. Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network,
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3612959/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3612959</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22503301" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22503301</span></a>]<br />Elman
|
||
MJ, Aiello
|
||
LP, Beck
|
||
RW, Bressler
|
||
NM, Bressler
|
||
SB, et al. Randomized trial evaluating ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
2010;117(6):1064–77.
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2937272/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2937272</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20427088" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20427088</span></a>]<br />Elman
|
||
MJ, Bressler
|
||
NM, Qin
|
||
H, Beck
|
||
RW, Ferris
|
||
FL
|
||
3rd, Friedman
|
||
SM, et al. Expanded 2-year follow-up of ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
2011;118(4):609–14.
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3096445/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3096445</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21459214" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21459214</span></a>]<br />Elman
|
||
MJ, Qin
|
||
H, Aiello
|
||
LP, Beck
|
||
RW, Bressler
|
||
NM, Ferris
|
||
FL, et al. Intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: three-year randomized trial results. Ophthalmology
|
||
2012;119(11):2312–8.
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3490003/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3490003</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22999634" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22999634</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref17"><p id="p-1097">
|
||
<strong>DRCRnet 2015</strong>
|
||
</p>Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network, Wells
|
||
JA, Glassman
|
||
AR, Ayala
|
||
AR, Jampol
|
||
LM, Aiello
|
||
LP, et al. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. New England Journal of Medicine
|
||
2015;372(13):1193–203.
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4422053/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4422053</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25692915" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25692915</span></a>]<br />Wells
|
||
JA, Glassman
|
||
AR, Ayala
|
||
AR, Jampol
|
||
LM, Bressler
|
||
NM, et al. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: two-year results from a comparative eJectiveness randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology
|
||
2016;123(6):1351–9.
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4877252/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4877252</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26935357" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26935357</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref18"><p id="p-1098">
|
||
<strong>Ekinci 2014</strong>
|
||
</p>Ekinci
|
||
M, Ceylan
|
||
E, Cakici
|
||
O, Tanyildiz
|
||
B, Olcaysu
|
||
O, Cagatay
|
||
HH. Treatment of macular edema in diabetic retinopathy: Comparison of the eJicacy of intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab injections. Expert Review of Ophthalmology
|
||
2014;9(2):139–43</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref19"><p id="p-1099">
|
||
<strong>Ishibashi 2014</strong>
|
||
</p>Ishibashi
|
||
T, Yuzawa
|
||
M, Yoshimura
|
||
N, Ohji
|
||
M, Ishida
|
||
S, Isogawa
|
||
N, et al. Japan phase 3 study of pegaptanib sodium in patients Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta-analysis (Review) Copyright © 2018 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 38 For Preview Only Cochrane Library Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with diabetic macular edema. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi
|
||
2014;118(9):773–82.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25318186" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25318186</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref20"><p id="p-1100">
|
||
<strong>Korobelnik 2014 (1)</strong>
|
||
</p>Korobelnik
|
||
JF, Do
|
||
DV, Schmidt-Erfurth
|
||
U, Boyer
|
||
DS, Holz
|
||
FG, Heier
|
||
JS, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
2014;121(11):2247–54.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25012934" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25012934</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref21"><p id="p-1101">
|
||
<strong>Li 2019</strong>
|
||
</p>Li
|
||
X, Dai
|
||
H, Li
|
||
X, Han
|
||
M, Li
|
||
J, Suhner
|
||
A, et al. EJicacy and safety of ranibizumab 0.5 mg in Chinese patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema: results from the 12-month REFINE study. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
|
||
2019;257(3):529–41. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30645696" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30645696</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref22"><p id="p-1102">
|
||
<strong>Liu 2022</strong>
|
||
</p>Liu
|
||
K, Wang
|
||
H, He
|
||
W, Ye
|
||
J, Song
|
||
Y, Wang
|
||
Y, et al. Intravitreal conbercept for diabetic macular oedema: 2-year results from a randomised controlled trial and open-label extension study. British Journal of Ophthalmology
|
||
2021
|
||
17
|
||
May [Epub Ahead of Print]. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318690 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9510409/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9510409</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34001667" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34001667</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318690" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref23"><p id="p-1103">
|
||
<strong>Prunte 2016</strong>
|
||
</p>Prünte
|
||
C, Fajnkuchen
|
||
F, Mahmood
|
||
S, Ricci
|
||
F, Hatz
|
||
K, Studnička
|
||
J, et al. Ranibizumab 0.5 mg treat-and-extend regimen for diabetic macular oedema: the RETAIN study. British Journal of Ophthalmology
|
||
2016;100(6):787–95.
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4893084/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4893084</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26453639" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26453639</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref24"><p id="p-1104">
|
||
<strong>LUCIDATE 2014 (Comyn 2014)</strong>
|
||
</p>Comyn
|
||
O, Sivaprasad
|
||
S, Peto
|
||
T, Neveu
|
||
MM, Holder
|
||
GE, Xing
|
||
W, et al. A randomized trial to assess functional and structural eJects of ranibizumab versus laser in diabetic macular edema (the LUCIDATE study). American Journal of Ophthalmology
|
||
2014;157(5):960–70.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24531025" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24531025</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref25"><p id="p-1105">
|
||
<strong>Macugen 2005</strong>
|
||
</p>Cunningham
|
||
ET
|
||
Jr, Adamis
|
||
AP, Altaweel
|
||
M, Aiello
|
||
LP, Bressler
|
||
NM, D’Amico
|
||
DJ, et al. A phase II randomized doublemasked trial of pegaptanib, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer, for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
2005;112(10):1747–57.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16154196" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16154196</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref26"><p id="p-1106">
|
||
<strong>Macugen 2011 (Sultan 2011)</strong>
|
||
</p>LoGus
|
||
JV, Sultan
|
||
MB, Pleil
|
||
AM, Macugen 1013 Study Group. Changes in vision and health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic macular edema treated with pegaptanib sodium or sham. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
|
||
2011;52(10):7498–505.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21896838" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21896838</span></a>]<br />* Sultan
|
||
MB, Zhou
|
||
D, LoGus
|
||
J, Dombi
|
||
T, Ice
|
||
KS, Macugen 1013 Study Group. A phase 2/3, multicenter, randomized, doublemasked, 2-year trial of pegaptanib sodium for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
2011;118(6):1107–18
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21529957" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21529957</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref27"><p id="p-1107">
|
||
<strong>Nepomuceno 2013</strong>
|
||
</p>Nepomuceno
|
||
AB, Takaki
|
||
E, Paes de Almeida
|
||
FP, Peroni
|
||
R, Cardillo
|
||
JA, Siqueira
|
||
RC, et al. A prospective randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for the management of diabetic macular edema. American Journal of Ophthalmology
|
||
2013;156(3):502–10
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23795985" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23795985</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref28"><p id="p-1108">
|
||
<strong>READ2 2009 (Nguyen 2009)</strong>
|
||
</p>Do
|
||
DV, Nguyen
|
||
QD, Khwaja
|
||
AA, Channa
|
||
R, Sepah
|
||
YJ, Sophie
|
||
R, et al. Ranibizumab for edema of the macula in diabetes study: 3- year outcomes and the need for prolonged frequent treatment. JAMA Ophthalmology
|
||
2013;131(2):139–45.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23544200" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23544200</span></a>]<br />Nguyen
|
||
QD, Shah
|
||
SM, Heier
|
||
JS, Do
|
||
DV, Lim
|
||
J, Boyer
|
||
D, et al. Primary end point (six months) results of the ranibizumab for edema of the mAcula in diabetes (READ-2) study. Ophthalmology
|
||
2009;116(11):2175–81.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19700194" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19700194</span></a>]<br />Nguyen
|
||
QD, Shah
|
||
SM, Khwaja
|
||
AA, Channa
|
||
R, Hatef
|
||
E, Do
|
||
DV, et al. Two-year outcomes of the ranibizumab for edema of the mAcula in diabetes (READ-2) study. Ophthalmology
|
||
2010;117(11):2146–51.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20855114" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20855114</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref29"><p id="p-1109">
|
||
<strong>RELATION 2012</strong>
|
||
</p>CRFB002DD13. A 12-month, two-armed, randomized, doublemasked, multicenter, phase IIIb study assessing the eJicacy and safety of laser photocoagulation as adjunctive to ranibizumab intravitreal injections vs. laser photocoagulation monotherapy in patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema followed by a 12 month follow up period. Novartis clinical trial results database
|
||
<a href="http://www.novctrd.com/ctrdWebApp/clinicaltrialrepository/public/login.jsp" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.novctrd.com/ctrdWebApp<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/clinicaltrialrepository<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/public/login.jsp</a> (accessed 2 June 2014).<br />NCT01131585. A 12-month, two-armed, randomized, doublemasked, multicenter, phase IIIb study assessing the eJicacy and safety of laser photocoagulation as adjunctive to ranibizumab intravitreal injections vs. laser photocoagulation monotherapy in patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema followed by a 12 month follow up period. <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01131585" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01131585</a> (first received 25
|
||
May
|
||
2010).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref30"><p id="p-1110">
|
||
<strong>RESOLVE 2010 (Massin 2010)</strong>
|
||
</p>CRFB002D2201. A randomized, double-masked, multicenter, phase II study assessing the safety and eJicacy of two concentrations of ranibizumab (intravitreal injections) compared with non-treatment control for the treatment of diabetic macular edema with center involvement. Novartis clinical trial results database
|
||
<a href="http://www.novctrd.com/ctrdWebApp/clinicaltrialrepository/public/login.jsp" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.novctrd.com/ctrdWebApp<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/clinicaltrialrepository<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/public/login.jsp</a> (accessed 2 June 2014).<br />Massin
|
||
P, Bandello
|
||
F, Garweg
|
||
JG, Hansen
|
||
LL, Harding
|
||
SP, Larsen
|
||
M, et al. Safety and eJicacy of ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema (RESOLVE Study): a 12-month, randomized, controlled, double-masked, multicenter phase II study. Diabetes Care
|
||
2010;33(11):2399–405
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2963502/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2963502</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20980427" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20980427</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref31"><p id="p-1111">
|
||
<strong>RESPOND 2013</strong>
|
||
</p>Berger
|
||
A, Sheidow
|
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29063703" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29063703</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref43"><p id="p-1123">Lim 2012 {published data only}</p>Lim
|
||
JW, Lee
|
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HK, Shin
|
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MC. Comparison of intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone versus triamcinolone in diabetic macular edema: a randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmologica
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2012;227(2):100–6.
|
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21997197" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21997197</span></a>]</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.rl.r1.1.1.3"><h5>Included studies from Cochrane review: Mehta et al-2018</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref44"><p id="p-1124">DRCRnet U 2018 {published data only}</p><a id="niceng242er7.s1.ref44a"></a>Maturi
|
||
RK, Glassman
|
||
AR, Liu
|
||
D, Beck
|
||
RW, Bhavsar
|
||
AR, Bressler
|
||
NM, et al. EFect of adding dexamethasone to continued ranibizumab treatment in patients with persistent diabetic macular edema: a DRCR network phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmology
|
||
2018;136(1):29–38.
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5833605/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5833605</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29127949" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29127949</span></a>]<br />NCT01945866. Phase II combination steroid and anti-VEGF for persistent DME [Short-term evaluation of combination corticosteroid+anti-VEGF treatment for persistent central involved diabetic macular edema following anti-VEGF therapy]. <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01945866" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01945866</a> (first received 19
|
||
September
|
||
2013).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref45"><p id="p-1125">Lim 2012 {published data only}</p>Lim
|
||
JW, Lee
|
||
HK, Shin
|
||
MC. Comparison of intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone versus triamcinolone in diabetic macular edema: a randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmologica
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2012;227(2):100–6.
|
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21997197" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21997197</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref46"><p id="p-1126">Maturi 2015 {published and unpublished data}</p>Maturi
|
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RK, Bleau
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L, Saunders
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J, Mubasher
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M, Stewart
|
||
MW. A 12- month, single-masked, randomized controlled study of eyes with persistent diabetic macular edema aKer multiple anti-VEGF Injections to assess the Efficacy of the dexamethasone delayed delivery system as an adjunct to bevacizumab compared with continued bevacizumab monotherapy. Retina
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2015;35(8):1604–14.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25829346" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25829346</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref47"><p id="p-1127">Neto 2017 {published data only}</p>NCT00737971. Efficacy study of triamcinolone and bevacizumab intravitreal for treatment of diabetic macular edema (ATEMD) [Multicenter, randomized clinical trial to assess the Effectiveness of intravitreal Injections of bevacizumab, triamcinolone, or their combination in the treatment of diabetic macular edema]. <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00737971" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00737971</a> (first received 20
|
||
August
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2008).<br />Neto
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HO, Regatieri
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CV, Nobrega
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MJ, Muccioli
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AM, Andrade
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RE, et al. Multicenter, randomized clinical trial to assess the eFectiveness of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, triamcinolone, or their combination in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina
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2017;48(9):734–40. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28902334" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28902334</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref48"><p id="p-1128">Riazi-Esfahani 2017 {published data only}</p>Riazi-Esfahani
|
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M, Riazi-Esfahani
|
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H, Ahmadraji
|
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A, Karkhaneh
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R, Mahmoudi
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A, Roohipoor
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R, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with 1 mg triamcinolone in diabetic macular edema: a randomized clinical trial. International Ophthalmology
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28349504" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28349504</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref49"><p id="p-1129">Shoeibi 2013 {published data only}</p><a id="niceng242er7.s1.ref49a"></a>Ahmadieh
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H, Ramezani
|
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A, Shoeibi
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N, Bijanzadeh
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B, Tabatabaei
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A, Azarmina
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M, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab with or without triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema; a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
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2008;246(4):483–9. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17917738" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17917738</span></a>]<br />Shoeibi
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N, Ahmadieh
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H, Entezari
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M, Yaseri
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M. Intravitreal bevacizumab with or without triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema: long-term results of a clinical trial. Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research
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2013;8(2):99–106.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3740475/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3740475</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23943683" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23943683</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref50"><p id="p-1130">Soheilian 2012 {published data only}</p>Soheilian
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M, Garfami
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KH, Ramezani
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A, Yaseri
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M, Peyman
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GA. Two-year results of a randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone versus laser in diabetic macular edema. Retina
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2012;32(2):314–21.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22234244" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22234244</span></a>]<br />Soheilian
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M, Ramezani
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A, Obudi
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A, Bijanzadeh
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B, Salehipour
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M, Yaseri
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M, et al. Randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
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2009;116(6):1142–50.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19376585" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19376585</span></a>]<br />Yaseri
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M, Zeraati
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M, Ramezani
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A, Eslani
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M, et al. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation in bilateral diabetic macular edema; application of bivariate generalized linear mixed model with asymmetric random Effects in a subgroup of a clinical trial. Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research
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2014;9(4):453–60.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4329706/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4329706</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25709771" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25709771</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref51"><p id="p-1131">Synek 2011 {published data only}</p>Synek
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S, Vesely
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P. Intravitreal Bevacizumab with or without triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular oedema. Collegium Antropologicum
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2011;35(3):841–5.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22053565" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22053565</span></a>]</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.rl.r1.1.1.4"><h5>Included studies from Cochrane review: Jorge et al-2018</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref52"><p id="p-1132">B Bandello 2005 {published data only}</p>Bandello
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F, Polito
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A, Del Borrello
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M, Zemella
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N, Isola
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M. “Light” versus “classic” laser treatment for clinically significant diabetic macular oedema. British Journal of Ophthalmology
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2005;89(7):864–70.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1772712/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1772712</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15965168" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15965168</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref53"><p id="p-1133">Blankenship 1979 {published data only}</p>Blankenship
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GW. Diabetic macular edema and argon laser photocoagulation: a prospective randomized study. Ophthalmology
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1979;86(1):69–78.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/530565" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 530565</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref54"><p id="p-1134">Casson 2012 {published data only}</p>Casson
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RJ, Raymond
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G, Newland
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HS, Gilhotra
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JS, Gray
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TL. Pilot randomized trial of a nanopulse retinal laser versus conventional photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
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2012;40(6):604–10.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22300292" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22300292</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref55"><p id="p-1135">Casswell 1990 {published data only}</p>Casswell
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AG, Canning
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ZJ. Treatment of diNuse diabetic macular oedema: a comparison between argon and krypton lasers. Eye
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2282940" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2282940</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref56"><p id="p-1136">DRCRNET 2007 {published data only}</p>Browning
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DJ, Apte
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RS, Bressler
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SB, Chalam
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KV, Danis
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2657814/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2657814</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19174719" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19174719</span></a>]<br />Writing Committee for the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network, Fong
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2536574/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2536574</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17420366" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17420366</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref57"><p id="p-1137">ETDRS 1985 {published data only}</p>Anonymous. Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 9. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research group. Ophthalmology
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2062512" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2062512</span></a>]<br />Anonymous. Focal photocoagulation treatment of diabetic macular edema. Relationship of treatment eNect to fluorescein angiographic and other retinal characteristics at baseline: ETDRS report no. 19. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Archives of Ophthalmology
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7661748" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7661748</span></a>]<br />Anonymous. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report No. 4. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Research group. International Ophthalmology Clinics
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3692708" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3692708</span></a>]<br />Anonymous. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study research group. Archives of Ophthalmology
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J, Khan
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H. Laser therapy of diabetic maculopathy. A comparative study of the argon green laser and dye red laser. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2243481" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2243481</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref60"><p id="p-1140">Ladas 1993 {published data only}</p>Ladas
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ID, Theodossiadis
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GP. Long-term eNectiveness of modified grid laser photocoagulation for diNuse diabetic macular edema. Acta Ophthalmologica
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8362641" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8362641</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref61"><p id="p-1141">Laursen 2004 {published data only}</p>Laursen
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ML, Moeller
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AK. Subthreshold micropulse diode laser treatment in diabetic macular oedema. British Journal of Ophthalmology
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1772323/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1772323</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15317711" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15317711</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref62"><p id="p-1142">Lavinsky 2011 {published data only}</p>Lavinsky
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D, Cardillo
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JA, Melo
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LA
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A, Farah
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21345996" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21345996</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref63"><p id="p-1143">Olk 1986 {published data only}</p>Olk
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RJ. Modified grid argon (blue-green) laser photocoagulation for diNuse diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3763140" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3763140</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref64"><p id="p-1144">Olk 1990 {published data only}</p>Olk, RJ. Argon green (514 nm) versus krypton red (647 nm) modified grid laser photocoagulation for diNuse diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
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W, Shi-Zhou
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H, Zhen
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2005 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4366477/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4366477</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25697457" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25697457</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref66"><p id="p-1146">Tewari 1998 {published data only}</p>Tewari
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HK, Gupta
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L. ENicacy of diode laser for managing diabetic macular oedema. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9686856" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9686856</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref67"><p id="p-1147">Venkatesh 2011 {published data only}</p>Venkatesh
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P, Ramanjulu
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R, Vohra
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R, Garg
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S. Subthreshold micropulse diode laser and double frequency neodymium: YAG laser in treatment of diabetic macular edema: a prospective, randomized study using multifocal electroretinography. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21612513" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21612513</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref68"><p id="p-1148">Vujosevic 2010 {published data only}</p>Vujosevic
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S, Bottega
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|
||
E, Convento
|
||
E, Midena
|
||
E. Microperimetry and fundus autofluorescence in diabetic macular edema: subthreshold micropulse diode laser versus modified early treatment diabetic retinopathy study laser photocoagulation. Retina
|
||
2010;30(6):908–16.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20168272" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20168272</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref69"><p id="p-1149">Xie 2013 {published data only}</p>Xie
|
||
TY, Guo
|
||
QQ, Wang
|
||
Y, Wang
|
||
Q, Chen
|
||
XY. Randomized, controlled clinical trial comparison of SDM laser versus argon ion laser in diabetic macular edema [阈下微脉冲激光与氩离 ⼦激光治疗糖尿病性⻩斑⽔肿的临床随机对照研究(英⽂)]. International Eye Science
|
||
2013;13(12):2370–2.</div></li></ul></div></ul></div></ul></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.rl.r1.2"><h5>1.1.14.2. Economic</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref70">Brown, Gary C, Brown, Melissa M, Turpcu, Adam
|
||
et al. (2015) The Cost-Effectiveness of Ranibizumab for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
122(7): 1416–25
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25935787" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25935787</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref71">Haig, Jennifer; Barbeau, Martin; Ferreira, Alberto (2016) Cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab in the treatment of visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema. Journal of medical economics
|
||
19(7): 663–71
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26882365" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26882365</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref72">Holekamp, Nancy, Duff, Steven B, Rajput, Yamina
|
||
et al. (2020) Cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab and aflibercept to treat diabetic macular edema from a US perspective: analysis of 2-year Protocol T data. Journal of medical economics
|
||
23(3): 287–296
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31502893" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31502893</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref73">Hutton, D.W., Glassman, A.R., Liu, D.
|
||
et al. (2023) Cost-effectiveness of Aflibercept Monotherapy vs Bevacizumab First Followed by Aflibercept If Needed for Diabetic Macular Edema. JAMA ophthalmology [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9896372/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9896372</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36729431" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 36729431</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref74">Lois, Noemi, Campbell, Christina, Waugh, Norman
|
||
et al. (2022) Standard threshold laser versus subthreshold micropulse laser for adults with diabetic macular oedema: the DIAMONDS non-inferiority RCT. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) 26(50): 1–86 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9791463/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9791463</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36541393" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 36541393</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref75">Mitchell, Paul, Annemans, Lieven, Gallagher, Meghan
|
||
et al. (2012) Cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab in treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DME) causing visual impairment: evidence from the RESTORE trial. The British journal of ophthalmology
|
||
96(5): 688–93
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3329632/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3329632</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22399690" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22399690</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref76">Pochopien, Michal, Beiderbeck, Annette, McEwan, Phil
|
||
et al. (2019) Cost-effectiveness of fluocinolone acetonide implant (ILUVIEN R) in UK patients with chronic diabetic macular oedema considered insufficiently responsive to available therapies. BMC health services research
|
||
19(1): 22
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6327492/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6327492</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626376" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30626376</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref77">Regnier, S.A., Malcolm, W., Haig, J.
|
||
et al. (2015) Cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab versus aflibercept in the treatment of visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema: A UK healthcare perspective. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research
|
||
7: 235–247
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4427067/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4427067</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25999748" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25999748</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref78">Sharma, S, Brown, G C, Brown, M
|
||
et al. (2000) The cost-effectiveness of grid laser photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular edema: results of a patient-based cost-utility analysis. Current opinion in ophthalmology
|
||
11(3): 175–9
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10977223" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10977223</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref79">Stein, Joshua D, Newman-Casey, Paula Anne, Kim, David D
|
||
et al. (2013) Cost-effectiveness of various interventions for newly diagnosed diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
120(9): 1835–42
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3737388/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3737388</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23642372" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23642372</span></a>]</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng242er7.s1.1.rl.r1.3"><h5>1.1.14.3. Other</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref80">National Institute for Health and care Excellence (NICE). British National Formulary (BNF). Published 2023. Accessed February, 2023. <a href="https://bnf.nice.org.uk/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://bnf<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.nice.org.uk/</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref81">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). TA824: Dexamethasone intravitreal implant for treating diabetic macular oedema. 2022. Available from: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta824" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta824</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng242er7.s1.ref82">Czoski-Murray, C., Carlton, J., Brazier, J., Young, T., Papo, N. L., & Kang, H. K. (2009). Valuing condition-specific health states using simulation contact lenses. Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 12(5), 793–799. 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00527.x
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19490557" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19490557</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00527.x" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></li></ul></div></ul></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng242er7.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="niceng242er7.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Review protocol for the effectiveness of intravitreal steroids, macular laser and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for treating diabetic macular oedema</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 311K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="niceng242er7.appb.s1"><h4>Search design and peer review</h4><p>NICE information specialists conducted the literature searches for the evidence review. The searches were run in October 2022. Update searches were run in Feb 2023. This search report is compliant with the requirements of PRISMA-S.</p><p>The MEDLINE strategy below was quality assured (QA) by a trained NICE information specialist. All translated search strategies were peer reviewed to ensure their accuracy. Both procedures were adapted from the 2016 PRESS Checklist.</p><p>The principal search strategy was developed in MEDLINE (Ovid interface) and adapted, as appropriate, for use in the other sources listed in the protocol, taking into account their size, search functionality and subject coverage.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appb.s2"><h4>Review Management</h4><p>The search results were managed in EPPI-Reviewer v5. Duplicates were removed in EPPI-R5 using a two-step process. First, automated deduplication is performed using a high-value algorithm. Second, manual deduplication is used to assess ‘low-probability’ matches. All decisions made for the review can be accessed via the deduplication history.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appb.s3"><h4>Limits and restrictions</h4><p>English language limits were applied in adherence to standard NICE practice and the review protocol.</p><p>Limits to exclude, conference abstract or conference paper or “conference review” were applied in adherence to standard NICE practice and the review protocol. The limit to remove animal studies in the searches was the standard NICE practice, which has been adapted from: Dickersin, K., Scherer, R., & Lefebvre, C. (1994). Systematic Reviews: Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews. BMJ, 309(6964), 1286.
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2541778/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2541778</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7718048" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7718048</span></a>]</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appb.s4"><h4>Search filters</h4><p id="niceng242er7.appb.et1"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appb-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (340K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appb.s5"><h4>Limits and restrictions</h4><p>English language limits were applied in adherence to standard NICE practice and the review protocol.</p><p>Limits to exclude, comment or letter or editorial or historical articles or conference abstract or conference paper or “conference review” or letter or case report were applied in adherence to standard NICE practice and the review protocol.</p><p>The limit to remove animal studies in the searches was the standard NICE practice, which has been adapted from: Dickersin, K., Scherer, R., & Lefebvre, C. (1994). Systematic Reviews: Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews. BMJ, 309(6964), 1286.
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2541778/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2541778</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7718048" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7718048</span></a>]</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appb.s6"><h4>Search filters</h4><p id="niceng242er7.appb.et2"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appb-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (223K)</span></p></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Effectiveness evidence study selection</h3><p id="niceng242er7.appc.et1"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appc-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (119K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Effectiveness evidence</h3><p id="niceng242er7.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">D.1. NICE additional studies</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 337K)</span></p><p id="niceng242er7.appd.et2"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appd-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">D.2. Cochrane Systematic Reviews</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 181K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><p id="niceng242er7.appe.et1"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appe-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">E.1. People with centre-involving macular oedema (whole population)</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 343K)</span></p><p id="niceng242er7.appe.et2"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appe-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">E.2. People with non-centre-involving macular oedema</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 163K)</span></p><p id="niceng242er7.appe.et3"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appe-et3.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">E.3. Subgroup analysis: People with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema with a baseline central retinal thickness of less than 400 micrometres</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 253K)</span></p><p id="niceng242er7.appe.et4"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appe-et4.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">E.4. Subgroup analysis: People with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema with a baseline central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 169K)</span></p><p id="niceng242er7.appe.et5"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appe-et5.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">E.5. Subgroup analysis: People with non-centre-involving diabetic macular oedema and baseline central retinal thickness of less than 400 micrometres</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 199K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE Tables</h3><p id="niceng242er7.appf.et1"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appf-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">F.1. Network meta-analyses</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 157K)</span></p><p id="niceng242er7.appf.et2"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appf-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">F.2. Pairwise meta-analysis</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 436K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><p id="niceng242er7.appg.et1"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appg-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (118K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng242er7.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng242er7.apph.et1"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-apph-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 128. Economic evidence table</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 342K)</span></p><p id="niceng242er7.apph.et2"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-apph-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 129. Economic evaluation checklist</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 360K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Health economic model</h3><p>A de novo economic analysis was conducted for this review question and is detailed in the economic model report for review G.</p></div><div id="niceng242er7.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng242er7.appj.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="niceng242er7.appj.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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Ahmadieh, H, Shoeibi, N, Entezari, S
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et al. (2008) Intravitreal Bevacizumab With or Without Triamcinolone for Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema: long-term Results of a Clinical Trial. American academy of ophthalmology: 262 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3740475/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3740475</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23943683" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23943683</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- people with Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ramezani, Alireza, Shoeibi, Nasser
|
||
et al. (2008) Intravitreal bevacizumab with or without triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema; a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie
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246(4): 483–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17917738" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17917738</span></a>]
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Anonymous. (2018) Erratum: Persistent macular thickening following intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for central-involved diabetic macular edema with vision impairment: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial (JAMA Ophthalmology (2018) 136:3 (257-269) DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.6565). JAMA Ophthalmology
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136(5): 601 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5885906/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5885906</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392288" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29392288</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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Arevalo, J Fernando, Fromow-Guerra, Jans, Quiroz-Mercado, Hugo
|
||
et al. (2007) Primary intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for diabetic macular edema: results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group at 6-month follow-up. Ophthalmology
|
||
114(4): 743–50
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17398322" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17398322</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Aroney, Christine, Fraser-Bell, Samantha, Lamoureux, Ecosse L
|
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et al. (2016) Vision-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in the BEVORDEX Study: A Clinical Trial Comparing Ozurdex Sustained Release Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant and Bevacizumab Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
|
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57(13): 5541–5546
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27768792" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27768792</span></a>]
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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Augustin, Albert J, Kuppermann, Baruch D, Lanzetta, Paolo
|
||
et al. (2015) Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in previously treated patients with diabetic macular edema: subgroup analysis of the MEAD study. BMC ophthalmology
|
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15: 150
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4628378/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4628378</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26519345" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26519345</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Bahrami, Bobak, Hong, Thomas, Zhu, Meidong
|
||
et al. (2017) Switching therapy from bevacizumab to aflibercept for the management of persistent diabetic macular edema. Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|
||
255(6): 1133–1140 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28238195" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28238195</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Comparator in study does not match that specified in protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Baker, Carl W, Glassman, Adam R, Beaulieu, Wesley T
|
||
et al. (2019) Effect of Initial Management With Aflibercept vs Laser Photocoagulation vs Observation on Vision Loss Among Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema Involving the Center of the Macula and Good Visual Acuity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA
|
||
321(19): 1880–1894
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6537845/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6537845</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31037289" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31037289</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Bandello, F, Polito, A, Dimastrogiovanni, A
|
||
et al. (2005) Intravitreal Triamcinolone Associated with Grid Laser Photocoagulation for Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema. The macula society: 196
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Bertelmann, Thomas, Feltgen, Nicolas, Scheffler, Martin
|
||
et al. (2016) Vision-related quality of life in patients receiving intravitreal ranibizumab injections in routine clinical practice: baseline data from the German OCEAN study. Health and quality of life outcomes
|
||
14(1): 132
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5029004/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5029004</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27644469" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27644469</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Bodla, A.A. and Bodla, M.A. (2017) A prospective, randomized, interventional study comparing treatment modalities for diffuse diabetic macular oedema: Bevacizumab and bevacizumab combined with macular grid - A prospective single centre study. Medical Forum Monthly
|
||
28(2): 103–107
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- people with Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Bordon, AF, Kuczmainski, JF, Gelmini, A
|
||
et al. (2006) Photocoagulation versus 8 mg Intravitreous Trimcinolone Acetate (TAAC) for Diabetic Clinical Significant Macular Edema (CSME): a Prospective Study. IOVS
|
||
47: ARVO E-abstract 3844
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Comparator in study does not match that specified in protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Bressler, Neil M, Beaulieu, Wesley T, Glassman, Adam R
|
||
et al. (2018) Persistent Macular Thickening Following Intravitreous Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Central-Involved Diabetic Macular Edema With Vision Impairment: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA ophthalmology
|
||
136(3): 257–269
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5885906/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5885906</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392288" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29392288</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Brown, David M, Boyer, David S, Csaky, Karl
|
||
et al. (2022) INTRAVITREAL NESVACUMAB (ANTIANGIOPOIETIN 2) PLUS AFLIBERCEPT IN DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA: Phase 2 RUBY Randomized Trial. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 42(6): 1111–1120
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9112959/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9112959</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35234673" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35234673</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Brown, David M, Emanuelli, Andres, Bandello, Francesco
|
||
et al. (2022) KESTREL and KITE: 52-Week Results From Two Phase III Pivotal Trials of Brolucizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema. American journal of ophthalmology
|
||
238: 157–172
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35038415" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35038415</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Brown, David M, Nguyen, Quan Dong, Marcus, Dennis M
|
||
et al. (2013) Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for diabetic macular edema: the 36-month results from two phase III trials: RISE and RIDE. Ophthalmology
|
||
120(10): 2013–22
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23706949" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23706949</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Brown, David M, Schmidt-Erfurth, Ursula, Do, Diana V
|
||
et al. (2015) Intravitreal Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema: 100-Week Results From the VISTA and VIVID Studies. Ophthalmology
|
||
122(10): 2044–52
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26198808" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26198808</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Callanan, David G, Loewenstein, Anat, Patel, Sunil S
|
||
et al. (2017) A multicenter, 12-month randomized study comparing dexamethasone intravitreal implant with ranibizumab in patients with diabetic macular edema. Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|
||
255(3): 463–473 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27632215" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27632215</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Chakrabarti, M, Chakrabarti, A, Stephen, V
|
||
et al. (2008) Intravitreal Monotherapy With Bevacizumab and Triamcinolone Acetonide vs. Combination Therapy for Recalcitrant Diabetic Macular Edema. American academy of ophthalmology: 263
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Chatzirallis, Alexandros, Theodossiadis, Panagiotis, Droutsas, Konstantinos
|
||
et al. (2020) Ranibizumab versus aflibercept for diabetic macular edema: 18-month results of a comparative, prospective, randomized study and multivariate analysis of visual outcome predictors. Cutaneous and ocular toxicology
|
||
39(4): 317–322
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32722955" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32722955</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Chen, Guohai, Li, Wensheng, Tzekov, Radouil
|
||
et al. (2014) Ranibizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy for diabetic macular edema: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS one
|
||
9(12): e115797
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4277392/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4277392</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25541937" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25541937</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Cheung, Ning; Wong, Ian Y; Wong, Tien Y (2014) Ocular anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic retinopathy: overview of clinical efficacy and evolving applications. Diabetes care
|
||
37(4): 900–5
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24652721" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24652721</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- population with age-related macular degeneration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Cho, Hee Yoon, Kang, Se Woong, Kim, Yun Taek
|
||
et al. (2012) A three-year follow-up of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection and macular laser photocoagulation for diffuse diabetic macular edema. Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO
|
||
26(5): 362–8
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3464320/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3464320</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23060723" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23060723</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Comparator in study does not match that specified in protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
CRFB002DCA05 (2014) A Canadian 12-month, prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase IIIb study assessing the efficacy, safety and cost of ranibizumab as combination and monotherapy in patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema. Novartis clinical trial results database
|
||
<a href="http://www.novctrd.com/ctrdwebapp/clinicaltrialrepository/public/login.jsp" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.novctrd.com/ctrdwebapp<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/clinicaltrialrepository<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/public/login.jsp</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
CRFB002DD13 (2014) A 12-month, two-armed, randomized, double-masked, multicenter, phase IIIb study assessing the efficacy and safety of laser photocoagulation as adjunctive to ranibizumab intravitreal injections vs. laser photocoagulation monotherapy in patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema followed by a 12 month follow up period. Novartis clinical trial results database
|
||
<a href="http://www.novctrd.com/ctrdwebapp/clinicaltrialrepository/public/login.jsp" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.novctrd.com/ctrdwebapp<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/clinicaltrialrepository<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/public/login.jsp</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Cunningham, Emmett T
|
||
Jr, Adamis, Anthony P, Altaweel, Michael
|
||
et al. (2005) A phase II randomized double-masked trial of pegaptanib, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer, for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
112(10): 1747–57
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16154196" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16154196</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Dehghan, Mohammad H, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ramezani, Alireza
|
||
et al. (2008) A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema. International ophthalmology
|
||
28(1): 7–17
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17589809" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17589809</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network, (<a href="http://DRCR.net" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">DRCR<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.net</a>), Beck, Roy W, Edwards, Allison R
|
||
et al. (2009) Three-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing focal/grid photocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 127(3): 245–51
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2754047/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2754047</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19273785" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19273785</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research, Network (2008) A randomized trial comparing intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and focal/grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
115(9): 1447–10
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2748264/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2748264</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18662829" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18662829</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research, Network, Googe, Joseph, Brucker, Alexander J
|
||
et al. (2011) Randomized trial evaluating short-term effects of intravitreal ranibizumab or triamcinolone acetonide on macular edema after focal/grid laser for diabetic macular edema in eyes also receiving panretinal photocoagulation. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 31(6): 1009–27
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3489032/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3489032</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21394052" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21394052</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research, Network, Scott, Ingrid U, Edwards, Allison R
|
||
et al. (2007) A phase II randomized clinical trial of intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
114(10): 1860–7
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2245885/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2245885</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17698196" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17698196</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research, Network, Wells, John A, Glassman, Adam R
|
||
et al. (2015) Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. The New England journal of medicine
|
||
372(13): 1193–203
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4422053/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4422053</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25692915" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25692915</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Do, Diana V, Nguyen, Quan Dong, Vitti, Robert
|
||
et al. (2016) Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection in Diabetic Macular Edema Patients with and without Prior Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment: Outcomes from the Phase 3 Program. Ophthalmology
|
||
123(4): 850–7
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26832658" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26832658</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Dugel, P.U., Hillenkamp, J., Sivaprasad, S.
|
||
et al. (2016) Baseline visual acuity strongly predicts visual acuity gain in patients with diabetic macular edema following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment across trials. Clinical Ophthalmology
|
||
10: 1103–1110
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4913960/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4913960</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27366049" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27366049</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Retrospective cohort</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Ehlers, J.P., Wang, K., Singh, R.P.
|
||
et al. (2018) A Prospective Randomized Comparative Dosing Trial of Ranibizumab in Bevacizumab-Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema: The REACT Study. Ophthalmology Retina
|
||
2(3): 217–224
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5839652/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5839652</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29527585" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29527585</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Comparator in study does not match that specified in protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Ertan, Elif; Duman, Rahmi; Duman, Resat (2020) Comparison of pain during intravitreal dexamethasone, ranibizumab and aflibercept injection. Clinical & experimental optometry
|
||
103(5): 630–633
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31691370" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31691370</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Escobar-Barranco, JJ; Pina-Marin, B; Fernandez-Bonet, M (2015) Dexamethasone implants in patients with naive or refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmologica. Journal international d’ophtalmologie [International journal of ophthalmology]
|
||
233: 176–185 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25661239" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25661239</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- people with Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Faghihi, H, Roohipoor, R, Mohammadi, S-F
|
||
et al. (2008) Intravitreal bevacizumab versus combined bevacizumab-triamcinolone versus macular laser photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema. European journal of ophthalmology
|
||
18(6): 941–8
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18988166" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18988166</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Fazel, F., Oliya, B., Mirmohammadkhani, M.
|
||
et al. (2020) Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab plus methotrexate versus bevacizumab alone for the treatment of diabetic macular edema: A randomized, sham-controlled trial. Journal of Current Ophthalmology
|
||
32(2): 164–169
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7337024/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7337024</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32671300" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32671300</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Fortin
|
||
P, Mintzes
|
||
B, Innes
|
||
M (2012) A systematic review of intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Ottawa: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24279000" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24279000</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Gardner, TW (2011) The restore study: ranibizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy for diabetic macular edema. Evidence-based ophthalmology
|
||
12(4): 206–207 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21459215" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21459215</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Garweg, Justus G, Stefanickova, Jana, Hoyng, Carel
|
||
et al. (2019) Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Intravitreal Aflibercept: The AQUA Study. Ophthalmology. Retina
|
||
3(7): 567–575
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31080168" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31080168</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Gillies, Mark C, McAllister, Ian L, Zhu, Meidong
|
||
et al. (2011) Intravitreal triamcinolone prior to laser treatment of diabetic macular edema: 24-month results of a randomized controlled trial. Ophthalmology
|
||
118(5): 866–72
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21232801" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21232801</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Gillies, Mark C, Sutter, Florian K P, Simpson, Judy M
|
||
et al. (2006) Intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema: two-year results of a double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology
|
||
113(9): 1533–8
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16828501" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16828501</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Gillies, MC (2008) Intravitreal Triamcinolone for Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema: 5-Year Results of a Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Clinical Trial With Open Label Extension. IOVS: ARVO E- abstract 1565 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16828501" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16828501</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Does not contain correct population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Giocanti-Auregan, A., Hrarat, L., Qu, L.M.
|
||
et al. (2017) Functional and anatomical outcomes in patients with serous retinal detachment in diabetic macular edema treated with ranibizumab. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
|
||
58(2): 797–800
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28152140" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28152140</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Retrospective cohort</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Glassman, Adam R, Wells, John A
|
||
3rd, Josic, Kristin
|
||
et al. (2020) Five-Year Outcomes after Initial Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema (Protocol T Extension Study). Ophthalmology
|
||
127(9): 1201–1210
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7483366/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7483366</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32402554" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32402554</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Goodart, RA, Faber, DW, Mehr, DS
|
||
et al. (2007) Lucentis in the Treatment of Macular Edema (LIME): a Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Ranibizumab versus Focal Laser Treatment in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema. IOVS
|
||
48: ARVO E-Abstract 1431
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- More recent systematic review included that covers the same topic</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Granstam, Elisabet, Rosenblad, Andreas, Modher Raghib, Aseel
|
||
et al. (2020) Long-term follow-up of antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment for diabetic macular oedema: a four-year real-world study. Acta ophthalmologica
|
||
98(4): 360–367
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31656056" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31656056</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Retrospective cohort</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Granstrom, Therese, Forsman, Henrietta, Lindholm Olinder, Anna
|
||
et al. (2016) Patient-reported outcomes and visual acuity after 12months of anti-VEGF-treatment for sight-threatening diabetic macular edema in a real world setting. Diabetes research and clinical practice
|
||
121: 157–165
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27718374" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27718374</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Retrospective cohort</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Greigorian, R A, Zarbin, M A, Brimacombe, M
|
||
et al. (2004) Comparison of subthreshold micropulse diode laser photocoagulation with conventional laser photocoagulation for clinically significant macular edema in diabetic patients. IOVS
|
||
45: ARVO E-abstract 4067
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Comparator in study does not match that specified in protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Habib, Ahmed E, Abdel-Kader, Ahmed A, Eissa, Iman M
|
||
et al. (2019) Adherence to Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) Drugs in Diabetic Macular Edema in an Egyptian Population: A Health Belief Model. Current eye research
|
||
44(3): 303–310
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30383436" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30383436</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Retrospective cohort</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Heier, Jeffrey S, Bressler, Neil M, Avery, Robert L
|
||
et al. (2016) Comparison of Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, and Ranibizumab for Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: Extrapolation of Data to Clinical Practice. JAMA ophthalmology
|
||
134(1): 95–9
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26512939" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26512939</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Heier, Jeffrey S, Korobelnik, Jean-Francois, Brown, David M
|
||
et al. (2016) Intravitreal Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema: 148-Week Results from the VISTA and VIVID Studies. Ophthalmology
|
||
123(11): 2376–2385
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27651226" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27651226</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Hernandez-Bel, Laura, Cervera-Taulet, Enrique, Navarro-Palop, Catalina
|
||
et al. (2019) Sequential Dexamethasone and Aflibercept Treatment in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: Structural and Functional Outcomes at 52 Weeks. Ophthalmologica. Journal international d’ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde
|
||
241(2): 98–104
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29996128" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29996128</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Retrospective cohort</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Hu, X.-Y., Cao, L., Gao, Y.
|
||
et al. (2023) Comparative Efficacy of Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Photocoagulation vs. Conventional Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Meta-analysis. Ophthalmic research [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36682350" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 36682350</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Hykin, P, Ockrim, Z, Falk, S
|
||
et al. (2006) A Randomized Trial of Intravitreal Triamcinolone vs. Macular Laser Therapy for Persistent Clinically Significant Diabetic Macular Edema. The macula society: 174
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Ip, Michael S, Bressler, Susan B, Antoszyk, Andrew N
|
||
et al. (2008) A randomized trial comparing intravitreal triamcinolone and focal/grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema: baseline features. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 28(7): 919–30
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2796075/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2796075</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18698292" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18698292</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Jampol, Lee M, Glassman, Adam R, Bressler, Neil M
|
||
et al. (2016) Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Comparative Effectiveness Trial for Diabetic Macular Edema: Additional Efficacy Post Hoc Analyses of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA ophthalmology
|
||
134(12) [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5567802/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5567802</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27711918" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27711918</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Javanovic, Sandra, Canadanovic, Vladimir, Sabo, Ana
|
||
et al. (2015) Intravitreal bevacizumab injection alone or combined with macular photocoagulation compared to macular photocoagulation as primary treatment of diabetic macular edema. Vojnosanitetski pregled
|
||
72(10): 876–82
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26665553" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26665553</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Kaldirim, Havva, Yazgan, Serpil, Kirgiz, Ahmet
|
||
et al. (2019) A Comparison Study of Ranibizumab and Aflibercept in Patients with Naive Diabetic Macular Edema in Presence of Serous Retinal Detachment. Current eye research
|
||
44(9): 987–993
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30983426" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30983426</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Comparator in study does not match that specified in protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Kaya, M., Atas, F., Kocak, N.
|
||
et al. (2023) Intravitreal Ranibizumab and Dexamethasone Implant Injections as Primary Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: The Month 24 Results from Simultaneously Double Protocol. Current Eye Research [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36629472" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 36629472</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Study does not contain a relevant intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Kim, HD, Kang, KD, Choi, KS
|
||
et al. (2014) Combined therapy with intravitreal bevacizumab and posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection in diabetic macular oedema. Acta ophthalmologica
|
||
92(7): e589–e590
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24866832" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24866832</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Kim, Judy E, Pollack, John S, Miller, David G
|
||
et al. (2008) ISIS-DME: a prospective, randomized, dose-escalation intravitreal steroid injection study for refractory diabetic macular edema. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 28(5): 735–40
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18463518" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18463518</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Kriechbaum, K, Prager, S, Mylonas, G
|
||
et al. (2014) Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) versus triamcinolone (Volon A) for treatment of diabetic macular edema: one-year results. Eye (London, England)
|
||
28(1): 9–16
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3890767/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3890767</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24336297" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24336297</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Lee, C M and Olk, R J (1991) Modified grid laser photocoagulation for diffuse diabetic macular edema. Long-term visual results. Ophthalmology
|
||
98(10): 1594–602
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1961650" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1961650</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Lee, Ho Young; Lee, Seung Yong; Park, Jong Seok (2009) Comparison of photocoagulation with combined intravitreal triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema. Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO
|
||
23(3): 153–8
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2739972/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2739972</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19794940" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19794940</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Li, Xiaoxin, Dai, Hong, Li, Xiaorong
|
||
et al. (2019) Efficacy and safety of ranibizumab 0.5 mg in Chinese patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema: results from the 12-month REFINE study. Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|
||
257(3): 529–541 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30645696" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30645696</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Limon, U (2021) Early effect of simultaneous intravitreal dexamethasone and bevacizumab combination treatment in patients with persistent diabetic macular edema. Journal francais d’ophtalmologie
|
||
44(6): 849–854 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33840497" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33840497</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Liu, Kun, Wang, Hanying, He, Wei
|
||
et al. (2022) Intravitreal conbercept for diabetic macular oedema: 2-year results from a randomised controlled trial and open-label extension study. The British journal of ophthalmology
|
||
106(10): 1436–1443
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9510409/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9510409</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34001667" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34001667</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Liu, Xiangdong, Zhou, Xiaodong, Wang, Zhi
|
||
et al. (2014) Intravitreal bevacizumab with or without triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chinese medical journal
|
||
127(19): 3471–6
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25269916" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25269916</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Marey, HM and Ellakwa, AF (2011) Intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone acetonide as the primary treatment for diabetic macular edema. Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 5(1): 1011–1016
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3151562/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3151562</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21845026" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21845026</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Martel, A, Nahon-Esteve, S, Martini, K
|
||
et al. (2020) Feelings, preoperative anxiety, and need for information in patients undergoing intravitreal injections. Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|
||
258(7): 1395–1403 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32346786" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32346786</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Massin, Pascale, Bandello, Francesco, Garweg, Justus G
|
||
et al. (2010) Safety and efficacy of ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema (RESOLVE Study): a 12-month, randomized, controlled, double-masked, multicenter phase II study. Diabetes care
|
||
33(11): 2399–405
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2963502/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2963502</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20980427" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20980427</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Massin, PG (2008) Phase 2 RESOLVE Trial: twelve-Month Analysis of Ranibizumab in Diabetic Macular Edema. American academy of ophthalmology: 180
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Maturi, Raj K, Glassman, Adam R, Liu, Danni
|
||
et al. (2018) Effect of Adding Dexamethasone to Continued Ranibizumab Treatment in Patients With Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema: A DRCR Network Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA ophthalmology
|
||
136(1): 29–38
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5833605/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5833605</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29127949" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29127949</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Michaelides, Michel, Kaines, Andrew, Hamilton, Robin D
|
||
et al. (2010) A prospective randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab or laser therapy in the management of diabetic macular edema (BOLT study) 12-month data: report 2. Ophthalmology
|
||
117(6): 1078–1086e2
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20416952" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20416952</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Mitchell, Paul, Sheidow, Tom G, Farah, Michel E
|
||
et al. (2020) Effectiveness and safety of ranibizumab 0.5 mg in treatment-naive patients with diabetic macular edema: Results from the real-world global LUMINOUS study. PloS one
|
||
15(6): e0233595
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7269267/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7269267</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32492069" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32492069</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Nepomuceno, Antonio Brunno, Takaki, Erika, Paes de Almeida, Felipe Piacentini
|
||
et al. (2013) A prospective randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab versus ranibizumab for the management of diabetic macular edema. American journal of ophthalmology
|
||
156(3): 502–510e2
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23795985" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23795985</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Neto, Hermelino O, Regatieri, Caio V, Nobrega, Mario J
|
||
et al. (2017) Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Intravitreal Injections of Bevacizumab, Triamcinolone, or Their Combination in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina
|
||
48(9): 734–740 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28902334" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28902334</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Nguyen, QD (2012) Randomized, Multi-center, Phase 2 Study of the Safety, Tolerability and Bioactivity of Repeated Intravitreal Injections of iCo-007 as Monotherapy or in Combination with Ranibizumab or Laser Photocoagulation in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema with Involvement of the FoveAL Center (the iDEAL Study). Ocular surgery news
|
||
30(6): 9–8
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Ockrim, ZK, Senswathi, S, Falk, S
|
||
et al. (2006) A Randomised Trial of Intravitreal Triamcinolone verses Macular Laser Therapy for Persistent Clinically Significant Diabetic Macular Oedema. IOVS
|
||
47: ARVO E-abstract 5438
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Pappas, GD, Adam, CI, Papageorgioy, E
|
||
et al. (2008) Triamcinolone and Grid Laser versus Bevacizumab Alone for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema. IOVS: ARVO E- abstract 3483
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Comparator in study does not match that specified in protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Patil, N.S., Mihalache, A., Hatamnejad, A.
|
||
et al. (2022) Intravitreal Steroids Compared with Anti-VEGF Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmology Retina [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36272716" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 36272716</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Data not reported in an extractable format</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Pearson, P.A., Comstock, T.L., Ip, M.
|
||
et al. (2011) Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant for diabetic macular edema: A 3-year multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Ophthalmology
|
||
118(8): 1580–1587
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21813090" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21813090</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Pearson, P, Baker, C, Eliott, D
|
||
et al. (2004) Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implant for Diabetic Macular Edema: 2 Year Results. IOVS
|
||
45: ARVO E-abstract 1111
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Pearson, P, Baker, CW, Eliott, D
|
||
et al. (2003) Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implant in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: 12 Month Results. IOVS: ARVO E-abstract 4288
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Pearson, P; Levy, B; Cornstock, T (2006) Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implant to Treat Diabetic Macular Edema: 3-Year Results of a Multi-Center Clinical Trial. IOVS
|
||
47: ARVO E-abstract 5442
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Pei-Pei, W, Shi-Zhou, H, Zhen, T
|
||
et al. (2015) Randomised clinical trial evaluating best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness after 532-nm subthreshold laser grid photocoagulation treatment in diabetic macular oedema. Eye (London, England)
|
||
29(3): 313–322
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4366477/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4366477</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25697457" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25697457</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Pennington, Becky M, Hernandez-Alava, Monica, Hykin, Philip
|
||
et al. (2020) Mapping From Visual Acuity to EQ-5D, EQ-5D With Vision Bolt-On, and VFQ-UI in Patients With Macular Edema in the LEAVO Trial. Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
|
||
23(7): 928–935
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7427317/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7427317</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32762995" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32762995</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Prunte, Christian, Fajnkuchen, Franck, Mahmood, Sajjad
|
||
et al. (2016) Ranibizumab 0.5 mg treat-and-extend regimen for diabetic macular oedema: the RETAIN study. The British journal of ophthalmology
|
||
100(6): 787–95
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4893084/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4893084</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26453639" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26453639</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Rajendram, Ranjan, Fraser-Bell, Samantha, Kaines, Andrew
|
||
et al. (2012) A 2-year prospective randomized controlled trial of intravitreal bevacizumab or laser therapy (BOLT) in the management of diabetic macular edema: 24-month data: report 3. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 130(8): 972–9
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22491395" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22491395</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Rodrigues, Murilo W, Cardillo, Jose A, Messias, Andre
|
||
et al. (2020) Bevacizumab versus triamcinolone for persistent diabetic macular edema: a randomized clinical trial. Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|
||
258(3): 479–490 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31873786" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31873786</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Schmidt-Erfurth, Ursula, Lang, Gabriele E, Holz, Frank G
|
||
et al. (2014) Three-year outcomes of individualized ranibizumab treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema: the RESTORE extension study. Ophthalmology
|
||
121(5): 1045–53
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24491642" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24491642</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Scott, Ingrid U, Danis, Ronald P, Bressler, Susan B
|
||
et al. (2009) Effect of focal/grid photocoagulation on visual acuity and retinal thickening in eyes with non-center-involved diabetic macular edema. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 29(5): 613–7
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2735881/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2735881</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19373126" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19373126</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Shah, Chirag P and Heier, Jeffrey S (2016) Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema in Eyes Previously Treated With Ranibizumab and/or Bevacizumab May Further Improve Macular Thickness. Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina
|
||
47(9): 836–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27631479" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27631479</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Retrospective cohort</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Shah, SM, Nguyen, QD, Sy, JP
|
||
et al. (2008) The RIDE and RISE Studies of the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Ranibizumab (LUCENTIS®) in Clinically Significant Macular Edema With Center Involvement Secondary to Diabetes Mellitus. IOVS: ARVO E- abstract 1562
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- population with age-related macular degeneration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Sharma, Ashish, Bellala, Keerthi, Dongre, Pankaj
|
||
et al. (2020) Anti-VEGF versus dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) for the management of Centre involved Diabetic Macular Edema (CiDME): a randomized study. International ophthalmology
|
||
40(1): 67–72
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31377905" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31377905</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Singer, Michael A; Wykoff, Charles C; Grewal, Dilraj S (2020) Effects of Long-Term DME Control With 0.2 microg/Day Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant on Quality of Life: An Exploratory Analysis From the FAME Trial. Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina
|
||
51(11): 658–667 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33231701" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33231701</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Soheilian, Masoud, Garfami, Kiumars Heidari, Ramezani, Alireza
|
||
et al. (2012) Two-year results of a randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone versus laser in diabetic macular edema. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 32(2): 314–21
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22234244" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22234244</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Soheilian, Masoud, Ramezani, Alireza, Bijanzadeh, Bijan
|
||
et al. (2007) Intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) injection alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation as primary treatment of diabetic macular edema. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 27(9): 1187–95
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18046223" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18046223</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Soheilian, Masoud, Ramezani, Alireza, Obudi, Arash
|
||
et al. (2009) Randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
116(6): 1142–50
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19376585" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19376585</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Solaiman, Kamal A M; Diab, Mohammad M; Abo-Elenin, Mostafa (2010) Intravitreal bevacizumab and/or macular photocoagulation as a primary treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 30(10): 1638–45
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20838357" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20838357</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a id="niceng242er7.appj.ref104"></a>Sutter, FK; Simpson, JM; Gillies, MC (2004) Intravitreal triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema that persists after laser treatment: three-month efficacy and safety results of a prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ophthalmology
|
||
111(11): 2044–2049
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15522370" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15522370</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Tornambe, Paul (2017) Re: Wells et al.: Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: Two-year results from a comparative effectiveness randomized clinical trial (Ophthalmology 2016;123:1351-1358). Ophthalmology
|
||
124(3): e25–e26 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4877252/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4877252</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26935357" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26935357</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Tranos, P G, Topouzis, F, Stangos, N T
|
||
et al. (2004) Effect of laser photocoagulation treatment for diabetic macular oedema on patient’s vision-related quality of life. Current eye research
|
||
29(1): 41–9
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15370366" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15370366</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Turkoglu, Elif Betul, Celik, Erkan, Aksoy, Nilgun
|
||
et al. (2015) Changes in vision related quality of life in patients with diabetic macular edema: ranibizumab or laser treatment?. Journal of diabetes and its complications
|
||
29(4): 540–3
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25817172" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25817172</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a id="niceng242er7.appj.ref108"></a>Virgili, G, Parravano, M, Evans, JR
|
||
et al. (2018) Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6517135/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6517135</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30325017" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30325017</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Wang, Jia-Kang, Huang, Tzu-Lun, Su, Pei-Yuan
|
||
et al. (2015) An updated review of long-term outcomes from randomized controlled trials in approved pharmaceuticals for diabetic macular edema. Eye science
|
||
30(4): 176–83
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27215008" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27215008</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Wang, X-X, Zhang, P-C, Xie, J
|
||
et al. (2021) Efficacy of Aflibercept versus Ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. International eye science
|
||
21(12): 2183–2186
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Wang, Yu-Sheng, Li, Xiao, Wang, Hai-Yan
|
||
et al. (2011) Intravitreal bevacizumab combined with/without triamcinolone acetonide in single injection for treatment of diabetic macular edema. Chinese medical journal
|
||
124(3): 352–8
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21362332" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21362332</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Weingessel, B, Miháltz, K, Gleiss, A
|
||
et al. (2018) Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema with Intravitreal Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Prompt versus Deferred Focal Laser during Long-Term Follow-Up and Identification of Prognostic Retinal Markers. Journal of ophthalmology: 1–11 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6188720/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6188720</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30364034" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30364034</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>- Study does not contain a relevant intervention</p>
|
||
<p>- Full text paper not available</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Wells, John A, Glassman, Adam R, Ayala, Allison R
|
||
et al. (2016) Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema: Two-Year Results from a Comparative Effectiveness Randomized Clinical Trial. Ophthalmology
|
||
123(6): 1351–9
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4877252/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4877252</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26935357" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26935357</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Wells, John A, Glassman, Adam R, Jampol, Lee M
|
||
et al. (2016) Association of Baseline Visual Acuity and Retinal Thickness With 1-Year Efficacy of Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, and Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema. JAMA ophthalmology
|
||
134(2): 127–34
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5567793/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5567793</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26605836" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26605836</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Wykoff, C.C., Marcus, D.M., Midena, E.
|
||
et al. (2017) Intravitreal aflibercept injection in eyes with substantial vision loss after laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema subanalysis of the vista and vivid randomized clinical trials. JAMA Ophthalmology
|
||
135(2): 107–114
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28006063" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28006063</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Wykoff, Charles C, Abreu, Francis, Adamis, Anthony P
|
||
et al. (2022) Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab with extended dosing up to every 16 weeks in patients with diabetic macular oedema (YOSEMITE and RHINE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trials. Lancet (London, England) 399(10326): 741–755
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35085503" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35085503</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Yahia, SB, Attia, S, Hmidi, K
|
||
et al. (2008) Intravitreal Bevacizumab vs. Intravitreal Triamcinolone for Diabetic Macular Edema With Severe Hard Exudates. American academy of ophthalmology: 181
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Yaseri, M, Zeraati, H, Mohammad, K
|
||
et al. (2014) Intravitreal bevacizumab injection alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation in bilateral diabetic macular edema; application of bivariate generalized linear mixed model with asymmetric random effects in a subgroup of a clinical trial. Journal of ophthalmic and vision research
|
||
9(4): 453–460
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4329706/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4329706</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25709771" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25709771</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Ziemssen, F., Cruess, A., Dunger-Baldauf, C.
|
||
et al. (2017) Ranibizumab in diabetic macular oedema - A benefit-risk analysis of ranibizumab 0.5 mg PRN versus laser treatment. European Endocrinology
|
||
13(2): 91–98
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5813472/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5813472</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29632615" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29632615</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- study included in cochrane review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Ziemssen, Focke and Agostini, Hansjurgen (2015) Re: Boyer et al.: Three-year, randomized, sham-controlled trial of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with diabetic macular edema (Ophthalmology 2014;121:1904-14). Ophthalmology
|
||
122(3): e20–1
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25703473" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25703473</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Secondary publication of an included study that does not provide any additional relevant information</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.appj.s2"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="niceng242er7.appj.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.appj.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.appj.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Anonymous (2018) Pharmacoeconomic Review Report: Dexamethasone (Ozurdex): (Allergan Inc.): Indication: For the treatment of adult patients with diabetic macular edema who are pseudophakic. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30933447" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30933447</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacoeconomic review report</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Anonymous (2019) Pharmacoeconomic Review Report: Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant (Iluvien): (Knight Therapeutics Inc.): Indication: For the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients who have been previously treated with a course of corticosteroids and did not have a clinically significant rise in intraocular pressure. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31876997" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31876997</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacoeconomic review report</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Crijns, H; Casparie, A F; Hendrikse, F (1999) Continuous computer simulation analysis of the cost-effectiveness of screening and treating diabetic retinopathy. International journal of technology assessment in health care
|
||
15(1): 198–206
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10407606" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10407606</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Population - diabetes NOT diabetic macular oedema</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Costs only no outcome data</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Cutino, Antonio, Green, Kenneth, Kendall, Robyn
|
||
et al. (2015) Economic evaluation of a fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant for patients with DME based on the FAME study. The American journal of managed care
|
||
21(4suppl): 63–72 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25734663" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25734663</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Includes productivity costs which is outside NICE reference case</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Dewan, Vinay, Lambert, Dennis, Edler, Joshua
|
||
et al. (2012) Cost-effectiveness analysis of ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology
|
||
119(8): 1679–84
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3612959/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3612959</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22503301" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22503301</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable – interventions</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The only interventions which it is possible to estimate an ICER based on the cost per QALY is relative to triamcinolone which is not a relevant comparator for this review question</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Foglia, Emanuela, Ferrario, Lucrezia, Bandello, Francesco
|
||
et al. (2018) Diabetic macular edema, innovative technologies and economic impact: New opportunities for the Lombardy Region healthcare system?. Acta ophthalmologica
|
||
96(4): e468–e474
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29240298" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29240298</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Costs only no outcome data</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Holden, Sarah E; Currie, Craig J; Owens, David R (2017) Health-economic evaluation of fluocinolone acetonide 190 microg implant in people with diabetic macular edema. Current medical research and opinion
|
||
33(sup2): 45–52
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28881146" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28881146</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Costs only no outcome data</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Javitt
|
||
J C, Aiello
|
||
L P (1996) Cost-effectiveness of detecting and treating diabetic retinopathy. Annals of Internal Medicine
|
||
124(1 Part 2): 164–169
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8554212" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8554212</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable - US study, pre-1990 analysis different from current UK setting</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Population - diabetes NOT diabetic macular oedema</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable - inappropriate comparison of interventions</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Javitt, J C; Canner, J K; Sommer, A (1989) Cost effectiveness of current approaches to the control of retinopathy in type I diabetics. Ophthalmology
|
||
96(2): 255–64
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2495499" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2495499</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable - US study, pre-1990 analysis different from current UK setting</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Population - diabetes NOT diabetic macular oedema</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Kourlaba, G., Relakis, J., Mahon, R.
|
||
et al. (2016) Cost-utility of ranibizumab versus aflibercept for treating Greek patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
|
||
14(1): 7
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4831170/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4831170</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27081372" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27081372</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable Greek population</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adaption of the study by <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref77">Regnier et al 2015</a>, using exactly the same inputs other than Greek costs</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a id="niceng242er7.appj.ref131"></a>Lois, Noemi, Campbell, Christina, Waugh, Norman
|
||
et al. (2023) Diabetic Macular Edema and Diode Subthreshold Micropulse Laser: A Randomized Double-Masked Noninferiority Clinical Trial. Ophthalmology
|
||
130(1): 14–27
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35973593" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35973593</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Duplication, summary paper of another include, the paper with the most detail has been selected for inclusion</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Montes Rodriguez, P., Mateo Gabas, J., Esteban Floria, O.
|
||
et al. (2022) Cost-effectiveness of dexamethasone compared with aflibercept in naive diabetic macular edema. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
|
||
20(1): 61
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9713987/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9713987</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36457024" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 36457024</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable – societal perspective</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Mukkamala, Lekha; Bhagat, Neelakshi; Zarbin, Marco (2017) Practical Lessons from Protocol T for the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema. Developments in ophthalmology
|
||
60: 109–124
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28427070" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28427070</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>US study</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very serious limitations</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Navarro-Navarro, A, Salom, D, Martinez-Toldos, J
|
||
et al. (2017) The diabetic retinopathy clinical research network analysis of the cost-effectiveness of aflibercept, bevacizumab and ranibizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema and its application in Spain. Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia
|
||
92(5): 245–246
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28215618" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28215618</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-English language</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Patel, N.A., Yannuzzi, N.A., Lin, J.
|
||
et al. (2021) A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Intravitreal Aflibercept for the Prevention of Progressive Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology Retina [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34547529" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34547529</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Population for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy not diabetic macular oedema</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable - non-QALY outcomes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable - discounting not applied</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Pershing, Suzann, Enns, Eva A, Matesic, Brian
|
||
et al. (2014) Cost-effectiveness of treatment of diabetic macular edema. Annals of internal medicine
|
||
160(1): 18–29
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4020006/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4020006</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24573663" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24573663</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable – unable to separate from the societal perspective</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Pesonen, Mari; Kankaanpaa, Eila; Vottonen, Pasi (2021) Cost-effectiveness of dexamethasone and triamcinolone for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema in Finland: A Markov-model. Acta ophthalmologica
|
||
99(7): e1146–e1153
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8597173/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8597173</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33421332" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33421332</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable - irrelevant comparator</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Triamcinolone is not included as an intervention within the protocol</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Ramsey, D.J., Poulin, S.J., Lamonica, L.C.
|
||
et al. (2021) Early conversion to aflibercept for persistent diabetic macular edema results in better visual outcomes and lower treatment costs. Clinical Ophthalmology
|
||
15: 31–39
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7802895/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7802895</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33447009" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33447009</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>US population</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very serious limitations, unclear modelling methods</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Romero-Aroca, Pedro, de la Riva-Fernandez, Sofia, Valls-Mateu, Aida
|
||
et al. (2016) Cost of diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema in a population, an eight year follow up. BMC ophthalmology
|
||
16: 136
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4973531/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4973531</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27491545" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27491545</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Population – people with diabetes rather than diabetic macular oedema</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Ross, Eric L, Hutton, David W, Stein, Joshua D
|
||
et al. (2016) Cost-effectiveness of Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, and Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema Treatment: Analysis From the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network Comparative Effectiveness Trial. JAMA ophthalmology
|
||
134(8): 888–96
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6648661/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6648661</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27280850" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27280850</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Partially applicable US population</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very serious limitations with model structure</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Ruiz-Moreno, J M; de Andres-Nogales, F; Oyaguez, I (2020) Cost-consequence analysis of extended loading dose of anti-VEGF treatment in diabetic macular edema patients. BMC ophthalmology
|
||
20(1): 37
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7500029/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7500029</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32943041" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32943041</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Interventions not relevant to question</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe limitations – only considers 6 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost consequence not cost utility</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Schauwvlieghe, A M E, Dijkman, G, Hooymans, J M
|
||
et al. (2015) Comparing the effectiveness and costs of Bevacizumab to Ranibizumab in patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: a randomized clinical trial (the BRDME study). BMC ophthalmology
|
||
15: 71
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4491889/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4491889</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26149170" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26149170</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Protocol study – no results</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Smiddy, William E (2011) Economic considerations of macular edema therapies. Ophthalmology
|
||
118(9): 1827–33
|
||
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3483086/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3483086</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21507488" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21507488</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable – one year duration with no modelling and unclear methods</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
Vondeling, H (1993) Evaluation of argon laser treatment of diabetic retinopathy and its diffusion in The Netherlands. Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 23(12): 97–111
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10123418" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10123418</span></a>]
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not applicable - US study, pre-1990 analysis different from current UK setting</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng242er7.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Network meta-analysis</h3><p>Network meta-analyses were conducted for the outcomes ‘change in visual acuity’ and ‘change in central retinal thickness’ to allow the evidence across comparisons to be combined into a single internally consistent model. Seven network meta-analyses were conducted, all for people with centre-involving macular oedema. The populations and outcomes where there was sufficient data for network meta-analyses were:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whole centre-involving population
|
||
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in visual acuity at 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in visual acuity at 24 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central retinal thickness at 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central retinal thickness at 24 months</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Subgroup analysis: People with central retinal thickness >400 µm at baseline
|
||
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in visual acuity at 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in visual acuity at 24 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central retinal thickness at 12 months</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></p><p id="niceng242er7.appk.et1"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appk-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">K.1. Implementation</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 169K)</span></p><p id="niceng242er7.appk.et2"><a href="/books/NBK607323/bin/niceng242er7-appk-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">K.2. WinBUGS code</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 1.9M)</span></p></div></div><div class="bk_prnt_sctn"><h2>Tables</h2><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj bk_first_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Effectiveness and acceptability of intravitreal steroids, macular laser and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for treating diabetic macular oedema</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Inclusion: People diagnosed with diabetic macular oedema</p>
|
||
<p>Exclusion: People who are about to undergo or have undergone cataract surgery</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intravitreal steroid therapy (intravitreal injection or surgical implantation).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Macular laser, subclassified as:
|
||
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Standard threshold laser</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Subthreshold laser</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents plus intravitreal steroid therapy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents plus macular laser</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intravitreal steroid therapy plus macular laser</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Another intervention listed above.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo, sham treatment, or no treatment</div></li></ul>
|
||
<dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Trials comparing standard threshold and subthreshold laser will be included. Trials comparing types of standard threshold laser or types of subthreshold laser will not be included.</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Trials comparing different Anti-VEGF agents or different intravitreal steroids will be included.</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Primary outcomes:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best corrected visual acuity
|
||
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>(1) the change from baseline of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) as continuous data (converted into logMAR); and</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>(2) three or more lines improvement from baseline (ETDRS, Snellen, or logMAR equivalent; one line improvement analysed if three lines not available).</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
||
Outcomes will be assessed at 12 months (plus or minus 6 months) and at the longest timepoint available in the study if 24 months or greater.</p>
|
||
<p>Secondary outcomes:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean change in retinal thickness from baseline.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life (assessed using a validated tool)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events (development of cataract, Intraocular inflammation, raised intraocular pressure, need for glaucoma drainage surgery)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Acceptability (additional outcome not assessed in Cochrane reviews). Qualitative or quantitative data on acceptability collected alongside included randomised controlled trials will be included.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Driving vision (dichotomous outcome, number of participants with vision sufficient to allow driving)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Number of treatments</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Table of included studies</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Studies from NICE additional searches</p></div><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Study</p>
|
||
<p>Country</p>
|
||
</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study type and follow-up (FU) time</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref1">Callanan, 2013</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Parallel-group RCT</p>
|
||
<p>1 year FU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Inclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>At least 18 years of age</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean retinal thickness 275 mm by OCT in the 1-mm central macular subfield due to diffuse DME not amenable to laser at</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>stand-alone treatment (at screening)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diffuse macular capillary bed leakage evident on FA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA >34 and <70 letters (approximately 20/200 and 20/40Snellen) using the ETDRS method at screening and baseline)</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Key exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Uncontrolled systemic disease</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Use of systemic corticosteroid within 12 weeks prior to baseline or anticipated use during the study</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Active ocular infection (either eye)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Glaucoma (either eye)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>History of an IOP increase</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>10 mm Hg or to 25 mm Hg in response to corticosteroid treatment that required multiple IOP-lowering medications or laser or surgical treatment (either eye)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>History or presence of venous occlusive disease, uveitis, Irvine-Gass syndrome, or any condition other than diabetic retinopathy that could contribute to macular oedema</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Epiretinal membrane or vitreomacular traction macular oedema</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>History of pars plana vitrectomy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Active optic disc or retinal neovascularization</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>History of intravitreal corticosteroid use except dexamethasone</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>DEX implant plus laser (N = 126)</p>
|
||
<p>Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant Plus Laser</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Sham implant and laser (N = 127)</p>
|
||
<p>Laser Alone</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean of best corrected visual acuity in logMAR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean of central macular thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean number of treatments</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref2">Chen, 2020</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The VIVID-East study</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Parallel-group RCT</p>
|
||
<p>1 year FU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Inclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Age 18 years or over</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type 1 or type 2 diabetes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically significant DME involving the centre of the macula</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients with an ocular condition with a poorer prognosis in the fellow eye than in the study eye</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>any surgical interventions or laser photocoagulation in the study eye within 120 and 90 days of day 1</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>any treatments with corticosteroids or anti-angiogenic drugs in either eye within 90 days of day 1</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>active proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the study eye</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>a history of idiopathic or autoimmune uveitis in the study eye</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>IVT-AFL every 4 weeks (N = 127)</p>
|
||
<p>or</p>
|
||
<p>IVT-AFL every 8 weeks (N = 127)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>macular laser</p>
|
||
<p>(N = 127)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change in BCVA in ETDRS letter score from baseline</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>eyes that gained ≥10 ETDRS letters</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of eyes that gained ≥15 ETDRS letters</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of eyes with a ≥2-step improvement from baseline in the Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (DRSS)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean number of treatments</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref3">Faghihi, 2010</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Parallel-group RCT</p>
|
||
<p>6 month FU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p><b>Inclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Bilateral non-tractional CSME</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>10/10> V.A < 1/10</div></li></ul>
|
||
Controlled blood pressure.</p>
|
||
<p><b>Key exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>HRC PDR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Advanced or advanced active PDR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant cataract</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Glaucoma</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>History of recent vascular accident (e.g, MI, CVA, )</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous treatment of CSME or PDR, or pharmacotherapy for CSME.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Macular ischemia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Uncontrolled hypertension</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IVB plus MPC (N = 40)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IVB (N = 40)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best corrected visual acuity in logMAR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central macular thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean number of treatments</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref4">Fouda, 2017</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Parallel-group RCT</p>
|
||
<p>1 year FU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Inclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients with type I or II diabetes,</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DME in eyes as diagnosed clinically and with OCT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>patients with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from 0.1 to 0.25 (moderate visual loss)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>oedema affecting the central 1 mm of the macula</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Key exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Eyes with vascular retinal disorders other than diabetic retinopathy (eg, choroidal neovascularization)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>eyes that received previous intravitreal injection of any agents</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>IVT-AFL (N = 35)</p>
|
||
<p>All eyes in group I received an injection of 2 mg/0.05 mL aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, NY, USA) and those in</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(IVT-RAN (N = 35)</p>
|
||
<p>group II received an injection of 0.5 mg/0.1 mL ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, USA, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best corrected visual acuity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central macular thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean number of treatments</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref5">Gillies, 2009</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Parallel-group RCT</p>
|
||
<p>5 year FU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Inclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diabetic macular oedema in study eye associated to diabetic retinopathy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diffuse macular oedema defined as macular thickening determined by biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best corrected visual acuity between 34 (20/200) and 68 letters (20/50).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Macular thickness greater than 300 mcm on OCT.</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Key exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Uncontrolled systemic disease</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Start of medical therapy for diabetes or change in treatment from oral to insulin four months before initial visit.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>HbA1c levels greater than 10%</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Presence of retinal venous occlusion, cystoid macular oedema, or other condition that would contribute to macular oedema.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Presence of epiretinal membrane</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Presence of vitreomacular traction in the study eye.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aphakic or anterior chamber intraocular lens in the study eye.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neovascularization of disc or elsewhere in the study eye.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>History or presence of choroidal neovascularization in the study eye.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Presence of rubeosis irides in the study eye.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Eye opacity that interfere with clinical documentation and photography.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intra-ocular surgery 90 days before initial visit.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous vitrectomy in study eye.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous history of intravitreal or periocular corticoid or any other intravitreal drug in study eye.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Scheduled surgery for study eye.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients with known allergies to fluorescein, iodo-povidone or any component of study drug.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial Triamcinolone (N = 23)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial Placebo (N = 21)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>best corrected visual acuity in logMAR</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref6">Lam, 2007</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Parallel-group RCT</p>
|
||
<p>6 monthFU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Inclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients 18 years or older with type I or II diabetes mellitus</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Eyes had DME involving the fovea, as defined by clinically significant macular oedema according to ETDRS guidelines.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>central foveal thickness (CFT) >250 um,</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>macular oedema secondary to causes other than diabetic maculopathy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>signs of vitreomacular traction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proliferative diabetic retinopathy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients who had phakia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>history of glaucoma or ocular hypertension</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>macular ischemia (1-disc diameters of capillary closure at the macula on fluorescein angiography).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients who had any laser procedure within 3 months</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4 mg of intravitreal TA (N = 38)</p>
|
||
<p>OR</p>
|
||
<p>4 mg of intravitreal TA + grid laser (N = 36)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">grid laser (N = 37)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central foveal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>(logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a href="#niceng242er7.appj.ref131">Lois,2023</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
<p>24 months follow up</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Inclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>centre-involving DMO, as determined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and SD-OCT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>in one or both eyes, with either:</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>a CRT of > 300 µm but < 400 µm in the central subfield (central 1 mm) owing to DMO as determined by SD-OCT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>a CRT of < 300 µm provided that intra-retinal and/or subretinal fluid was present in the central subfield (central 1 mm) owing to DMO.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The following conditions also had to be met:</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>visual acuity of > 24 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters (Snellen equivalent > 20/320)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>amenable to laser treatment, as judged by the treating ophthalmologist</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>aged ≥ 18 years.</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A patient’s eyes were not eligible for the study if their macular oedema was owing to causes other than DMO o</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>ineligible for macular laser, as judged by the treating ophthalmologist</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DMO with a CRT of ≥ 400 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>active PDR requiring treatment</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>received intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy within the previous 2 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>received macular laser treatment within the previous 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>received intravitreal injection of steroids</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>cataract surgery within the previous 6 weeks</div></li></ul>
|
||
panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) within the previous 3 months.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>subthreshold micropulse laser 577 nm SML</p>
|
||
<p>(n = 133;</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser [e.g. argon, frequency doubled neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) 532 nm laser].</p>
|
||
<p>(n = 133)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean change in central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Number meeting driving standards</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Number of laser treatments used</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Ozsaygili, 2020</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Parallel-group RCT</p>
|
||
<p>1 year FU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients older than 18 years of age diagnosed with Type 1 or Type 2 DM</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Treatment-naïve DME with SRD and hyperreflective foci</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA letter score between 73 and 34 (Snellen equivalent 20/40–20/200);</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The CRT obtained from the 1-mm central macular subfield greater than 450 mm by SD-OCT.</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Key exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous history of intraocular anti-VEGF or steroid injection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>macular ischemia defined by fundus fluorescein angiogram</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>any other ocular pathologies causing visual impairment</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>recent (within 3 months) serious cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>IOP over 23mmHg without treatment or IOP over 21 mmHg with one antiglaucoma medication</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>presence of vitreomacular interface abnormalities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>aphakia or an anterior chamber intraocular lens</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>active proliferative diabetic retinopathy.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 monthly injections of 2 mg of aflibercept as a loading phase in the anti–vascular endothelial growth factor group</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.7 mg of DEX implant in the DEX group and then pro re nata treatment.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best corrected visual acuity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean number of treatments</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Sahni,2019</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Parallel-group RCT</p>
|
||
<p>6 months FU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients 18 years of age or older</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Center-involving DMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>central subfield thickness (CST) of 325 mm or more measured with the Spectralis OCT device</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 73 to 24 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters (Snellen equivalent, 20/40/-20/320).</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Key exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>high-risk proliferative DR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>prior panretinal photocoagulation, macular laser photocoagulation within 3 months of the start of the study</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>any history of Iluvien or Ozurdex implants, and any history of anti-VEGF treatment.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Per a protocol amendment, patients who previously received anti-VEGF treatment were enrolled as a separate population from anti-VEGF treatment-naïve patients to enable the exploratory evaluation of faricimab efficacy in this population.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.0 mg faricimab or 1.5 mg faricimab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.3mg ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central subfield thickness reduction</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA change from baseline (ETDRS letters)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref8">Vader, 2020</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Parallel-group RCT</p>
|
||
<p>6 months FU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Inclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>patients were older than 18 years,</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus and with a glycosylated haemoglobin of less than 12%,</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>central area thickness on (OCT) of more than 325 mm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>visual impairment resulting from DME</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcome of at least 24 letters and less than 79 letters on standardized ETDRS</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Key exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Untreated PDR was defined as leakage on</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>fluorescein angiogram resulting from a neovascularization</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>the presence of preretinal haemorrhages</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>vitreous haemorrhages,</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Structural damage included the presence of laser scars, retinal pigment epithelium</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Atrophy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>organized hard exudate plaques close to the macula</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>1.25 mg bevacizumab (N = 86)</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>0.5 mg ranibizumab (N = 84)</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best corrected visual acuity in logMAR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central macular thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean number of treatments</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Notes: Abbreviations: BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; DME, diabetic macular oedema; ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; FU, follow up;</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Summary of Cochrane reviews used for clinical effectiveness evidence</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Number of included studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusion criteria</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Jorge et al-2018</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any type of focal/grid macular laser versus another type or technique of laser treatment and no intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Excluded studies comparing laser with other interventions</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Different macular laser as monotherapy in the treatment of diabetic macular oedema.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">another type or technique of laser treatment and no intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gain or loss of 3 lines (0.3 logMAR or 15 ETDRS letters) of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at one year of follow-up (plus or minus six months) after treatment initiation.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Resolution of macular oedema</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events, all at one year</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Mehta et al-2018</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intravitreal anti-VEGF combined with intravitreal steroids versus intravitreal anti-VEGF alone, intravitreal steroids alone or macular laser alone for managing DMO</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">intravitreal anti-VEGF combined with intravitreal steroids</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">intravitreal anti-VEGF alone, intravitreal steroids alone or macular laser alone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between baseline and one year</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central macular thickness (CMT)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events including intraocular inflammation, raised intraocular pressure (IOP) and development of cataract</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Rittiphairoj et al-2020</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intravitreal steroid therapies versus other treatments, including intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy, laser photocoagulation, and sham injection</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">any type of intravitreal steroids as monotherapy against</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">any other intervention (e.g., observation, laser, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) for DMO</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between baseline and one year</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central macular thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Virgili et al-2022</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any anti-angiogenic drug with an anti-VEGF mechanism of action versus another anti-VEGF drug, another treatment, sham or no treatment in people with DMO</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with normal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were not included</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">any anti-angiogenic drug with an anti-VEGF mechanism of action</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">another anti-VEGF drug, another treatment, sham, or no treatment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between baseline and one year</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change of BCVA at 24 months.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Improvement of three or more lines of visual acuity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central macular thickness (CMT)</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Randomised controlled trials (for full study details, see <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007419.pub7/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Virgili et al. 2022</a>)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up time</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (from Virgili et al 2022 Cochrane systematic review)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref9">Azad 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Inclusion:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diffuse DMO with at least two prior sessions of macular laser photocoagulation</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CRT > 250 μm</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion:</p>
|
||
<p>History of having received prior intraocular, peribulbar, or systemic steroids or prior anti-VEGF therapy</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Bevacizumab (1.25 mg)</p>
|
||
<p>[Triamcinolone acetonide arm – not reported in <a href="#niceng242er7.appj.ref108">Virgili 2018</a>]</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macular grid augmentation</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean central macular thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref10">Baker 2019</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 months and 5 years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Age ≥ 18 years.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2).</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>History of chronic renal failure requiring dialysis or kidney transplant.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>unstable medical status including blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and glycaemic control).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Initiation of intensive insulin treatment (a pump or multiple daily injections) within 4 months prior to randomization</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Aflibercept (n=236)</p>
|
||
<p>Macular laser (n=240</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observation (n=236)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change in visual acuity from baseline,</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>visual acuity of at least 84 letters (Snellen equivalent of 20/20), loss of at least 10</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>gain of at least 5 letters of visual acuity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change in central subfield thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of eyes with at least 10% CST change from baseline</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>incidence of cataracts</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events (increased intraocular pressure, vitreous haemorrhage)</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref11">BOLT 2010 (Michaelides 2010)</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Centre-involving CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CRT of ≥ 270 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA in the study eye between 35 and 69 ETDRS letters at 4 m (Snellen equivalent 6/60 or 6/12)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>At least 1 prior macular laser therapy</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PDR except for tufts of new vessels elsewhere < 1 disc in area with no vitreous haemorrhage</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Bevacizumab (1.25 mg)</p>
|
||
<p>n = 42 (42 eyes</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Macular laser therapy</p>
|
||
<p>n = 38 (38 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>gain and loss of 15 and 10 letters of ETDRS</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>loss of 30 ETDRS letters</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>VA 3 or more lines improvement</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>retinopathy severity (ETDRS grading)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>number of treatments</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events (increased intraocular pressure, vitreous haemorrhage)</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref12">Brown 2015</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adult patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>central-involved DME (defined as retinal thickening involving the 1-mm central [OCT]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>subfield thickness [CST]) were if best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was between 73 and 24 letters (20/40 to 20/320 Snellen equivalent) in the study eye.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Only 1 eye per patient</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VISTA: 154 IAI 2q4, or 151 IAI 2q8</p>
|
||
<p>VIVID: 136 IAI 2q4, or 135 IAI 2q8</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VISTA: 154 Laser control</p>
|
||
<p>VIVID: 132 Laser control</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at week 52.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change from baseline in central subfield thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>number of treatments</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref13">Brown 2022</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>aged ≥18 years with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤ 10%</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA score between 78 and 23 letters</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Snellen equivalent of 20/32 to 20/320) at screening</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>central-involved DME with CSFT of ≥320μm</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>active proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the study eye</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>received intraocular or periocular corticosteroids in the 6 months prior to baseline or prior anti-VEGF</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Brolucizumab 3 mg, brolucizumab 6 mg, (KESTREL)</p>
|
||
<p>or brolucizumab 6 mg (KITE)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept 2mg (KESTREL and KITE)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA change from baseline</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>incidence of ocular and non-ocular adverse events.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean number of treatments</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref14">Chatzirallis 2020</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12- & 18-months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central involved DME</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central retinal thickness (CRT) ≥320 μm</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>AMD</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Retinal vein occlusion, vitreomacular traction, intraocular inflammation, cornea disorders</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Uncontrolled glaucoma</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>High myopia >6D</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous trauma</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intraocular surgery within the last 6 month</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.5 mg Ranibizumab n = 54 (54 eyes)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept 2 mg n = 58 (58 eyes)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in BCVA and central retinal thickness at month 12 and 18</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean number of treatments</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref15">DA VINCI 2011 (Do 2012)</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 months and 12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DMO involving central macula</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CRT ≥ 250 μm in central subfield</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA letter score at 4 m of 73-24 (Snellen equivalent: 20/40–20/320)</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:</p>
|
||
<p>PDR (unless regressed and currently inactive)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VEGF Trap-Eye</p>
|
||
<p>n = 177 (177 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>n = 44 (44 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>safety and tolerability</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in BCVA from baseline at week 52</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of eyes that gained at least 15 ETDRS letters in BCVA compared with baseline at weeks 24 and 52</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>number of focal laser treatments given</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>incidence of cataracts</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events (increased intraocular pressure, vitreous haemorrhage)</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref16">DRCRnet 2010</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Retinal thickness of ≥ 250 μm in the central subfield</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best-corrected ETDRS VA letter score 78-24 (20/32–20/320)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Retinal thickening due to DME involving the centre of the macula</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) and standard threshold laser (macular laser) (375 eyes)</p>
|
||
<p>[Triamcinolone with prompt laser photocoagulation – not included in <a href="#niceng242er7.appj.ref108">Virgili 2018</a>]</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sham injection and standard threshold laser (macular laser) (293 eyes)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central retinal thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref17">DRCRnet 2015</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Definite retinal thickening due to DMO involving the centre of the macular</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Retinal thickness of ≥ 250 μm in the central subfield</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>ETDRS BCVA 78-24 (20/32 - 20/320)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Aflibercept (2 mg)</div></li></ul>
|
||
224 eyes
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ranibizumab (0.3 mg)</div></li></ul>
|
||
218 Eyes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Bevacizumab (1.25 mg)</div></li></ul>
|
||
218 eyes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central retinal thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref18">Ekinci 2014</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CRT>300 μm</div></li></ul>
|
||
[Unclear whether DMO is centre involving]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Bevacizumab (1.25 mg)</p>
|
||
<p>n = 50 (50 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab (0.05 mg)</p>
|
||
<p>n = 50 (50 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA using the Snellen chart</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intra-ocular pressure</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref20">Korobelnik 2014 (1)</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central DMO involvement (defined as retinal thickening involving the 1 mm central (OCT) subfield thickness)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Retinal thickness ≥ 300 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA ETDRS letter score of 73-24 (20/40-20/320) in the study eye</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Active PDR in the study eye with the exception of inactive, regressed PDR</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>aflibercept 2q4 n = 290 (290 eyes): aflibercept 2 mg every 4 weeks</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>aflibercept 2q8 n = 286 (286 eyes): aflibercept 2 mg monthly for 5 months, then every 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard threshold laser and sham monthly injection = 286 (286 eyes)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of eyes that gained at least 10 ETDRS letters in BCVA at week 52 compared with baselineproportion of eyes that gained at least 15 ETDRS letters in BCVA compared with baseline</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of eyes with a 2-step improvement in the ETDRS Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (DRSS) score</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change from baseline in the National Eye Institute Visual FunctionQuestionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) near activities subscale score</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change from baseline in the NEI VFQ-25 distance activities subscale score</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Number of treatments</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Incidence of cataracts</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref21">Li 2019</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up: 12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients with visual impairment due to focal or diffuse DME in at least one eye.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA score at both screening and baseline between 78 and 39 letters as measured by ETDRS-</div></li></ul>
|
||
(Approximately 20/32 to 20/160 Snellen equivalent).</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ranibizumab 0.5mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macular laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean change in central subfield thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Proportion of patients with BCVA gain of ≥ 10 and ≥ 15 letters and loss of <10 and <15 letters</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Proportion of patients with BCVA ≥ 73 letters (approximate20/40 Snellen chart equivalent)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>treatment exposure, number of retreatments</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>ocular and non-ocular adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) over 12 months (increased intraocular pressure, vitreous haemorrhage)</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref22">Liu 2022</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up: 12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>>18 years of age.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>type I or II diabetes mellitus.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 10%.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CRT 300 µm according to (OCT) imaging,</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>clear ocular media and adequate pupil dilation for examination</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>ETDRS BCVA of the subject’s non-target eye of ≥24 letters (equivalent to 20/320 of the Snellen vision).</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Conbercept</p>
|
||
<p>(n=76)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Macular laser</p>
|
||
<p>(n=80)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>ocular and non-ocular adverse events (vitreous haemorrhage)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>serious adverse events (SAEs)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>number of treatments</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref23">Prunte 2016</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24-month FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>18 years with either type I or II diabetes mellitus</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values of ≤12% at screening</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>(ETDRS) BCVA letter score ranging from 78 to 39, inclusive (approximate Snellen equivalent of 20/32–20/160)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>those with visual impairment due to focal or diffuse DMO of any extent or thickness in at least one eye who were eligible for laser treatment</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>One eye was treated as the study eye.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab 0.5 mg with laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab 0.5 mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>treatment exposure</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>safety profile</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref24">LUCIDATE 2014 (Comyn 2014)</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 month follow up</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central subfield thickness of 300 μm or more</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA of 55-79 ETDRS (Snellen equivalent, 20/30-20/80)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II diabetes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Centre-involving DMO</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PDR either active or treatment within previous 3 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cataract precluding fundus photography</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab (0.5 mg)</p>
|
||
<p>N= 25</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macular laser N=12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in ETDRS BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central macular thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in ETDRS severity grade of diabetic retinopathy from fundus photographs</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>number of treatments</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref25">Macugen 2005</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>An area of retinal thickening of at least half a disc area involving the central macula</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA letter scores between 68-25 inclusive (approximate Snellen equivalent, 20/50–20/320)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MO involving the centre of the macula – demonstrated on OCT</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>History of PRP or focal photocoagulation</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cataract surgery within 12 months</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pegaptanib (0.3 mg, 1 mg, or 3 mg)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sham injection</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central retinal thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref26">Macugen 2011 (Sultan 2011)</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>12 months</p>
|
||
<p>24 months FU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Foveal thickness of ≥ 250 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA with a letter score of 65-35 (20/50–20/200 Snellen equivalents)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DMO involving centre of macula</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Pegaptanib sodium (0.3 mg)</p>
|
||
<p>n = 133</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Sham injection</p>
|
||
<p>N = 127</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA (standardised ETDRS refraction protocol)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central retinal thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref27">Nepomuceno 2013</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central subfield thickness > 300 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA ETDRS measurement between 0.3 logMAR (Snellen equivalent: 20/40) and 1.6 logMAR (Snellen equivalent: 20/800)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>At least 1 session of macular laser photocoagulation performed at least 3 months previously</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Centre-involved DMO</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PDR needing PRP or anticipated to need PRP in the next 12 months</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Bevacizumab (1.5 mg)</p>
|
||
<p>32 eyes</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) 28 eyes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean number of treatments</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref28">READ2 2009 (Nguyen 2009)</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>12 months</p>
|
||
<p>24 months</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Centre subfield thickness of ≥250 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>VA between 20/40-20/320</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ranibizumab (0.5 mg)</div><div>n = 42 (42 eyes)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) plus macular laser</div><div>n = 42 (42 eyes)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>n = 42 (42 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>3 or more lines improvement</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in foveal thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref29">RELATION 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Focal or diffuse macular oedema</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA between 78-39 letters</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) plus laser</p>
|
||
<p>n = 85 (85 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Laser plus sham injection</p>
|
||
<p>n = 85 (85 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref30">RESOLVE 2010 (Massin 2010)</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Month FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CRT ≥ 300 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA score between 73-39 letters (approximate Snellen equivalent of 20/40-20/160)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DMO with centre involvement</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PDR in the study eye, with the exception of tufts of neovascularization < 1 disc area with no vitreous haemorrhage</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab (0.3 mg or 0.5 mg)</p>
|
||
<p>n = 102 (102 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Sham injection</p>
|
||
<p>n = 49 (49 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>safety</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref31">RESPOND 2013</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Month FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Stable type I or type II diabetes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Focal or diffuse DMO</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) n = 80 (80 eyes)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) plus laser n = 78 (78 eyes)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Laser</p>
|
||
<p>n = 81 (81 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change from baseline in Best Correct Visual Acuity (BCVA)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>number of patients with improvement in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central retinal thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref32">RESTORE 2011 (Mitchell 2011)</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Month FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Focal or diffuse MO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA letter score between 78-39 (approximate Snellen equivalent 20/32-20/160)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) plus sham laser n = 116 (116 eyes)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) plus laser118 (118 eyes)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Laser treatment plus sham injections n = 111 (111 eyes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>VA improvement</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA letter score 73 (20/40 Snellen equivalent) at month 12</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change in BCVA letter score</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central retinal (subfield) thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>number of treatments</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>incidence of cataracts</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref33">REVEAL 2015 (Ishibashi 2015)</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Focal or diffuse macular oedema</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA letter score between 78-39 (approximate Snellen equivalent 20/32-20/160)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ranibizumab sham laser (n = 133)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ranibizumab + active laser (n =132)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sham injection + active laser (n = 131).</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in central retinal (subfield) thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>safety</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>number of treatments</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref34">RISE-RIDE (Nguyen 2012)</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 months</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central subfield thickness ≥ 275 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA, 20/40–20/320 Snellen equivalent using ETDRS testing</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ranibizumab (0.3 mg or 0.5 mg) n = 244 (244 eyes)</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sham injection (n = 122)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>gain of 15 or more ETDRS letters in BCVA score from baseline at 24 months (corresponding to 3 lines on the eye chart)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of participants with BCVA Snellen equivalent of 20/40</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in BCVA score</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of participants losing 15 letters in BCVA score from baseline</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change from baseline in CFT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of participants with a 3-step progression from baseline in ETDRS retinopathy severity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean number of treatments</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref35">Soheilian 2007</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 month FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically significant DMO</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous PRP or focal laser photocoagulation</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>High-risk PDR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>VA of 20/40 or better, or worse than 20/300</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bevacizumab (1.25 mg)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macular laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change from baseline BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of participants with BCVA Snellen equivalent of 20/40</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>number of treatments</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref36">Turkoglu 2015</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12-month FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>History of intravitreal injection and laser photocoagulation for PDR or CSMO</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focal or grid laser treatment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial injection of ranibizumab 0.5 mg/0.05 mL</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between baseline and one year</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>central macular thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref37">Wykoff 2022</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Age ≥18 years</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DM type 1 or 2</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Current regular use of insulin</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Current regular use of oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>HbA1c of ≤10% within 2 months before day</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intravitreal Faricimab 6·0 mg every 8 weeks,</p>
|
||
<p>intravitreal Faricimab 6·0 mg</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal aflibercept 2·0 mg every 8 weeks</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA outcomes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DR severity outcomes</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BCVA: best-corrected visual acuity; CMT: central macular thickness; CRT: central retinal thickness; CSMO: clinically significant macular oedema; CSRT: central subfield retinal thickness; DME: diabetic macular oedema; DMO: diabetic macular oedema; DR: diabetic retinopathy; ETDRS: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; FAZ: foveal avascular zone; IVS: intravitreal steroid; logMAR: log of the Minimum Angle of Resolution; mETDRS: modified Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study; MMG: mild macular grid; MO: macular oedema; NPDR: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NR: not reported; OCT: optical coherence tomography; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PR: proliferative retinopathy; PRN: pro-re-nata (i.e. as needed); PRP: panretinal photocoagulation; SDM: subthreshold micropulse diode; VA: visual acuity; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Randomised controlled trials (for full study details, see <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010859.pub2/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Jorge et al. 2018</a>)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up time</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (from Jorge et al. 2018 Cochrane systematic review)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref52">Bandello 2005</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>NPDR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Foveal thickness exceeding 2 SD normal mean value</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>VA≥ 20/200 of ETDRS chart</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II diabetes</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cataract extraction within the past 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PDR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous laser treatment</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>“Classic” Nd:Yag 532 nm laser treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subthreshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>“Light” Nd:Yag 532 nm laser treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>significant decrease in FTH on OCT retina thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>eyes that experienced a visual gain or loss of ≥ 5 letters (approximately 1 line) on the ETDRS chart</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean changes in VA</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref53">Blankenship 1979</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diffuse and cystoid MO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA ≥ 20/100 (0.7 logMAR)</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PDR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous photocoagulation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Argon laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No treatment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Changes of VA</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref54">Casson 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Focal or diffuse MO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSRT ≥ 250 μm or ≥ 300 μm in ≥ 1 of the 4 inner subfields</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best-corrected ETDRS VA score ≥ 19 letters</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II diabetes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subthreshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>Nanopulse (2RT) laser treatment</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Changes of VA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Changes of central retinal thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref56">DRCNET 2007</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Definite retinal thickening due to previously untreated DMO within 500μm of the macular centre</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Retinal thickness ≥ 250μm in central subfield or ≥ 300μm in ≥ 1 of the 4 inner subfields</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best-corrected electronic ETDRS VA score ≥ 19 (approximately 20/400 or better)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II diabetes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No prior laser or other treatment for DMO</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cataract surgery within prior 6 months</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser (mETDRS style focal laser)</p>
|
||
<p>(162 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subthreshold laser (MMG laser)</p>
|
||
<p>(161 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in retinal thickening in the central subfield on OCT.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in VA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref57">ETDRS 1985</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Early PR and moderate-to-severe non-proliferative retinopathy</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Right risk proliferative retinopathy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>VA<20/200</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Immediate standard threshold laser (argon laser)</p>
|
||
<p>754 eyes</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Deferred standard threshold laser = (no intervention)</p>
|
||
<p>) (1490)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Outcomes VA and occurrence of retinal thickening</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref58">Figueira 2009</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA ≥ 55 letters on the modified ETDRS chart (equivalent to 20/80 or better)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type II diabetes</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant cataract</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous laser treatment</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subthreshold laser (Micropulse diode)</p>
|
||
<p>44 Eyes</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser (argon green)</p>
|
||
<p>40 eyes</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central macular thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref19">Ishibashi 2014</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Macular oedema involving central fovea</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Retinal thickening ≥ 250 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Corrected VA 35-68 letters by ETDRS charts</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pegaptanib sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sham injection</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in visual acuity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in retinal thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref60">Ladas 1993</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Background DR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diffuse MO [defined as having 2 or more-disc areas of diffuse fluorescein involving some portion of the FAZ – indicating that DMO is centre-involving]</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous treatment with PRP or photocoagulation to within 2-disc diameters of the foveola</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA ≤ 0.1</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser (Blue-green argon laser)</p>
|
||
<p>(27 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">control (23 eyes)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in VA defined as a difference of ≥ 2 lines on the standard Snellen’s VA charts</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref61">Laursen 2004</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II diabetes</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cataract extraction within past 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PDR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous laser photocoagulation for DR</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subthreshold laser (MPDL) n=12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard threshold laser (argon laser) n=11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Visual improvement/loss by > 2 lines on ETDRS chart and reduction/elimination of macular oedema evaluated by OCT</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref62">Lavinsky 2011</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Retinal thickening within 500 µm of macular centre and CMT ≥ 250 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA > 20/400 and < 20/40 by the ETDRS protocol</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No prior laser or drug treatment for DMO</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Standard threshold laser (mETDRS focal/grid)</div></li></ul>
|
||
(42 eyes)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subthreshold laser
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>normal-density SDM laser</div></li></ul>
|
||
high-density SDM laser</p>
|
||
<p>(42 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>changes from baseline in ETDRS BCVA and in CMT assessed by OCT;</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref63">Olk 1986</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diffuse with or without cystoid macular oedema</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>≥ 2-disc areas of retinal thickening</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Retinal thickening that involved the centre of the macular</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA < 20/32+2 and better than 20/200-3</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cataract extraction within previous 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous laser photocoagulation to within 2-disc diameters of the centre of the FAZ</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>Grid with PRP</p>
|
||
<p>82 eyes</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>No treatment</p>
|
||
<p>78 eyes</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>improvement or worsening of visual acuity and reduction of macular oedema and/or cystoid macular oedema</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref65">Pei-Pei 2015</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diffuse and cystoid MO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Newly diagnosed severe NPDR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean CRT > 300 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>ETDRS VA > 19 letters (Snellen’s equivalent of 20/400 or better)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type II diabetes</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous retinal treatment: laser, drug, or surgery</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subthreshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>21 eyes</p>
|
||
<p>543 nm subthreshold laser (laser grid)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>21 eyes</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>VA as determined by the ETDRS vision chart</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean CMT as determined by OCT,</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref66">Tewari 1998</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA of 6/60 or better in each eye</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe NPDR or PDR in either of the eyes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous laser photocoagulation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subthreshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>Diode laser (40 eyes; 20 focal and 20 grid)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>Argon green (40 eyes; 20 focal and 20 grid)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>VA (considering a 2-line change of Snellen’s).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Secondary outcome: complications such as submacular haemorrhage</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref67">Venkatesh 2011</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Focal and diffuse</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>NPDR</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prior medical treatment (intravitreal/peribulbar steroids or antiangiogenic drugs), or prior laser treatment</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subthreshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>Subthreshold micropause diode laser</p>
|
||
<p>(n = 23)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>Double-frequency neodymium YAG (Nd:YAG) laser</p>
|
||
<p>(n = 23)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central macular thickness as measured by OCT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in macular retinal sensitivity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>measured using multifocal electroretinography</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in BCVA and contrast sensitivity</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref68">Vujosevic 2010</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12-months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type II diabetes</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Any type of previous macular treatment (macular laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, intravitreal steroids, antiangiogenic drugs)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subthreshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>Micropulse diode laser</p>
|
||
<p>(32 eyes)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser</p>
|
||
<p>(30 eyes)</p>
|
||
<p>m-ETDRS with green laser</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>OCT changes and BCVA.</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref69">Xie 2013</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12-months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type 2 or type 1 diabetes.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DMO by ophthalmologist combined FFA, OCT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>no significant refractive media turbidity.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>no other ocular disease history including glaucoma or anti - glaucoma surgery history, congenital retinal disease history or acquired retinal surgery, retinal laser treatment history.</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Argon ion laser group</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">subthreshold micropulse diode laser ( SDM, 810nm)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA )</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean central macular thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BCVA: best-corrected visual acuity; CMT: central macular thickness; CRT: central retinal thickness; CSMO: clinically significant macular oedema; CSRT: central subfield retinal thickness; DME: diabetic macular oedema; DMO: diabetic macular oedema; DR: diabetic retinopathy; ETDRS: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; FAZ: foveal avascular zone; IVS: intravitreal steroid; logMAR: log of the Minimum Angle of Resolution; mETDRS: modified Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study; MMG: mild macular grid; MO: macular oedema; NPDR: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NR: not reported; OCT: optical coherence tomography; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PR: proliferative retinopathy; PRN: pro-re-nata (i.e. as needed); PRP: panretinal photocoagulation; SDM: subthreshold micropulse diode; VA: visual acuity; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Randomised controlled trials (for full study details, see <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD011599.pub2/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Mehta et al. 2018</a>)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up time</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (from Mehta et al. 2018 Cochrane systematic review)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref44">DRCRnet U 2018</a> (<a href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref44a">Maturi 2018</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Persistent DMO (previously received at least 3 injections of anti-VEGF within prior 20 weeks)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Retinal thickening involving the centre of the macular</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CMT thickness greater than 300 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>VA letter score in study eye ≤ 78 and ≥ 24 logMAR letters (approximate Snellen equivalent 20/32 to 20/320)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II diabetes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal ranibizumab (0.3 mg) and dexamethasone implant (0.7g)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal ranibizumab (0.3 mg) and sham injection</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean change in visual acuity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Percentage of eyes with at leat 10 and 15 ETDRS letters gain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean change in central macular thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref43">Lim 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CMT of at least 300 µm</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous treatment for DMO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PDR with active neovascularisation</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous panretinal photocoagulation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml) and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (2mg/0.05ml)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml)</div></li></ul>
|
||
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (2mg/0.05ml)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in BCVA at 1 year (LogMAR chart)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in CMT at 1 year</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref46">Maturi 2015</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA scores between 24 and 78, ETDRS letters (20/32–20/320 Snellen equivalent)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DMO because of type I or type II diabetes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CMT of greater than 250 µm</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg) and dexamethasone implant (0.7mg)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in visual acuity (ETDRS letters) at 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central subfield thickness (OCT) at 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref47">Neto 2017</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CRT ≥ 275 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA score between 20 letters (20/400 ETDRS) and 70 letters (20/40 ETDRS)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II diabetes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No prior foveal treatment with laser therapy</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml) and intravitreal triamcinolone acetate (4mg/0.1ml)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intravitreal triamcinolone acetate (4mg/0.1ml)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in BCVA (ETDRS)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref48">Riazi-Esfahani 2017</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Bilateral clinically significant DMO based on ETDRS criteria</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CMT of > 320 µm</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PDR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A history of any treatment for DMO (panretinal or focal laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF or IVS)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>VA ≤ 20/320</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml) and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (1mg/0.025ml)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean change in CMT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Number of injections</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref49">Shoeibi 2013</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DMO refractory to laser treatment</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Participants had refractory DMO that had not responded to macular laser treatment</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml) and triamcinolone acetonide (2mg/0.05ml)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml) and sham injection</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central macular thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref50">Soheilian 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>12 Months FU</p>
|
||
<p>24 months FU</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO based on ETDRS criteria</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>High-risk PDR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Panretinal or focal laser photocoagulation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml) and triamcinolone acetonide (2mg/0.05ml)</p>
|
||
<p>n = 50 eyes</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml)</p>
|
||
<p>Standard threshold laser (Focal or modified grid laser)</p>
|
||
<p>n = 50 eyes</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central macular thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref51">Synek 2011</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO unresponsive to previous macular photocoagulation</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>History of cataract surgery within past 6 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PDR with high-risk characteristics</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Significant media opacities</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prior intraocular injection or vitrectomy</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml) and triamcinolone acetonide (2mg/0.05ml)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05ml)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in central macular thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Change in BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ocular adverse events: IOP rise, cataract progression, intraocular inflammation</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BCVA: best-corrected visual acuity; CMT: central macular thickness; CRT: central retinal thickness; CSMO: clinically significant macular oedema; CSRT: central subfield retinal thickness; DME: diabetic macular oedema; DMO: diabetic macular oedema; DR: diabetic retinopathy; ETDRS: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; FAZ: foveal avascular zone; IVS: intravitreal steroid; logMAR: log of the Minimum Angle of Resolution; mETDRS: modified Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study; MMG: mild macular grid; MO: macular oedema; NPDR: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NR: not reported; OCT: optical coherence tomography; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PR: proliferative retinopathy; PRN: pro-re-nata (i.e. as needed); PRP: panretinal photocoagulation; SDM: subthreshold micropulse diode; VA: visual acuity; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Randomised controlled trials (for full study details, see <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005656.pub3/full" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Rittiphairoj et al. 2020</a>)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up time</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (from Rittiphairoj et al. 2020 Cochrane systematic review)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref38">BEVORDEX 2014</a> (<a href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref38c">Gillies 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>DME for whom the investigator believed that laser treatment would be unhelpful</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA 20/400 to 20/40</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex 0.7 mg) every 16 weeks (PRN)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) every 4 weeks (PRN)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in mean BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean change in central macular thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean number of treatments</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>incidence of cataracts</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patient-reported outcome: Impact of Vision Impairment questionnaire</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref39">Callanan 2017</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CRT by SD-OCT ≥ 300 μm with Spectralis (Heidelberg) or ≥ 275 μm with Cirrus (Zeiss)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA > 34 and < 70</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal treatment with dexamethasone implant 0.7 mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab 0.5 mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean number of treatments</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Incidence of cataracts</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref40"><a href="http://DRCR.net" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">DRCR<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.net</a> 2008</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Definite retinal thickening resulting from DME involving the centre of the macular</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CRT of ≥ 250 μm in the central subfield</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Best-corrected electronic ETDRS VA letter score between 73 (approximately 20/40) and 24 (approximately 20/320)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II diabetes</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prior treatment with intravitreal corticosteroids</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intravitreal triamcinolone (1 mg)</p>
|
||
<p>Intravitreal triamcinolone (4 mg)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard threshold laser (Focal/grid laser)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>central retinal thickness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref41">FAME 2011</a> (<a href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref41a">Campochiaro 2011</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean foveal thickness of at least 250 μm in the study eye</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA of ≥ 19 and ≤ 68 letters (20/50 or worse but at least 20/ 400) in the study eye by an ETDRS chart.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA of the non-study eye must be no worse than 20/400.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II diabetes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>At least 1 macular laser treatment more than 12 weeks prior to the screening visit</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0.2 μg/day fluocinolone (low dose insert)</p>
|
||
<p>0.5 μg/day fluocinolone (high dose insert)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sham injection</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>improvement from baseline BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref42">Kriechbaum 2014</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSRT of at least 300 µm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA of 20/25 to 20/400 Snellen equivalent in the study eye</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Active proliferative DR with necessity of panretinal laser treatment</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previous macular laser photocoagulation or intravitreal injection therapy</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 injections of 2.5 mg bevacizumab, 2 sham injections after 4 and 8 weeks, then PRN regimen</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 initial injection of 8 mg triamcinolone, 2 sham injections after 4 and 8 weeks, then PRN regimen</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>correlation BCVA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>central subfield retinal thickness</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref43">Lim 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>eyes with clinically significant DME based on ETDRS criteria</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>macular oedema with central macular thickness of at least 300 µm by OCT</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>unstable medical status, including glycaemic control and blood pressure</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>any previous treatment for DME, including intravitreal, sub-Tenon injection or macular photocoagulation</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>history of vitreoretinal surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>uncontrolled glaucoma</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proliferative diabetic retinopathy with active neovascularization</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>previous panretinal photocoagulation</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>presence of vitreomacular traction</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Treatment intervention 1: intravitreal injection of bevacizumab alone</p>
|
||
<p>Treatment intervention 2: intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg with triamcinolone 2 mg</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment intervention 3: intravitreal injection of triamcinolone 2 mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>logMAR BCVA.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>central macular thickness.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MEAD 2014 (Boyer 2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Fovea-involved macular oedema that was associated with DR</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CRT of 300 μm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA between 34 and 68 letters (20/200 to 20/50)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I or type II diabetes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Previously treated with medical or laser therapy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Naïve patients who had refused laser treatment or would not benefit from laser therapy</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intravitreal dexamethasone implant 0.7 mg</div></li></ul>
|
||
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant 0.37 mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sham procedure</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in BCVA from baseline</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>percentage of participants with BCVA of 20/40 at each study visit,</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in CRT from baseline</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ockrim 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSMO persisting 4 months or more</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>BCVA between 6/12 and 3/60</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>At least 1 prior laser treatment</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal triamcinolone 4 mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>proportion of participants who improved by 15 or more ETDRS letters at 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean ETDRS letter score at 12 months</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mean CRT measured with OCT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a href="#niceng242er7.appj.ref104">Sutter 2004</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Months FU</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion criteria:
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Persistent DME, diffuse or focal, involving the central fovea persisting 3 months or more after adequate laser treatment. BCVA in the affected eye(s) of 6/9 or worse</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravitreal triamcinolone (4 mg)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sham treatment (subconjunctival saline injection)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>best corrected logMAR visual acuity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adverse events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>change in macular thickness</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BCVA: best-corrected visual acuity; CMT: central macular thickness; CRT: central retinal thickness; CSMO: clinically significant macular oedema; CSRT: central subfield retinal thickness; DME: diabetic macular oedema; DMO: diabetic macular oedema; DR: diabetic retinopathy; ETDRS: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; FAZ: foveal avascular zone; IVS: intravitreal steroid; logMAR: log of the Minimum Angle of Resolution; mETDRS: modified Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study; MMG: mild macular grid; MO: macular oedema; NPDR: non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NR: not reported; OCT: optical coherence tomography; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PR: proliferative retinopathy; PRN: pro-re-nata (i.e. as needed); PRP: panretinal photocoagulation; SDM: subthreshold micropulse diode; VA: visual acuity; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Visual acuity at 12 months relative to Standard threshold laser</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD (95% CrI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Subthreshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.00 (−0.05, 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="17" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.12 (−0.16, −0.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Bevacizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.13 (−0.16, −0.10)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.18 (−0.22, −0.15)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Aflibercept</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Pegaptanib</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.01 (−0.10, 0.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.10 (−0.15, −0.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Dexamethasone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.03 (−0.08, 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.11 (−0.15, −0.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.02 (−0.07, 0.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.16 (−0.31, −0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Bevacizumab + standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab + triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.08 (−0.15, −0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Bevacizumab + triamcinolone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sham</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.10 (−0.01, 0.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone + ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.12 (−0.21, −0.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Dexamethasone + Ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone + bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.13 (−0.30, 0.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Conbercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.17 (−0.25, −0.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Conbercept</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Faricimab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.20 (−0.26, −0.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Faricimab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Brolucizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.18 (−0.24, −0.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours brolucizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Visual acuity at 24 months relative to Standard threshold laser</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD (95% CrI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.12 (−0.36, 0.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.13 (−0.46, 0.20)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.11 (−0.29, 0.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.06 (−0.38, 0.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.08 (−0.25, 0.41)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.12 (−0.45, 0.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Fluocinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.08 (−0.51, 0.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sham</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.03 (−0.30, 0.24)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.02 (−0.36, 0.29)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Visual acuity at 12 months relative to Standard threshold laser</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD (95% CrI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.14 (−0.19, −0.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="10" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Bevacizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.15 (−0.19, −0.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.19 (−0.24, −0.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Aflibercept</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Pegaptanib</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.00 (−0.15, 0.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.11 (−0.19, −0.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Dexamethasone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.04 (−0.10, 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">−0.14 (−0.19, −0.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.04 (−0.13, 0.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab + triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.08 (−0.17, 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sham</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.08 (−0.04, 0.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Conbercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.17 (−0.27, −0.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Conbercept</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Faricimab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.17 (−0.24, −0.10)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Faricimab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Brolucizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.18 (−0.27, −0.10)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Brolucizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Visual acuity at 24</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>months relative to Standard threshold laser</p></div><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD (95% CrI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.18 (−0.21, −0.15)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Bevacizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.23 (−0.27, −0.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.24 (−0.27, −0.20)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Aflibercept</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.10 (−0.22, 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">0.00 (−0.26, 0.26)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.12 (−0.17, −0.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Fluocinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.11 (−0.24, 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sham</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.05 (−0.18, 0.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.02 (−0.07, 0.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Central retinal thickness at 12 months relative to Standard threshold laser</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD (95% CrI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Subthreshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−1.91 (−42.49, 39.60)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="16" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−10.16 (−48.22, 29.93)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−57.29 (−82.28, −29.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−75.46 (−105.60, −42.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours aflibercept</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−99.51 (−144.00, −51.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours dexamethasone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−20.67 (−70.86, 27.70)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−76.03 (−111.70, −37.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab + triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−10.65 (−65.13, 44.80)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone + ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−93.82 (−159.20, −21.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours dexamethasone + ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Fluocinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−1.67 (−89.06, 85.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Conbercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−53.82 (−127.10, 20.39)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sham</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">74.02 (2.90, 144.50)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone + bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−18.29 (−105.90, 70.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−9.74 (−82.00, 64.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Brolucizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−92.06 (−144.60, −34.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours brolucizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Faricimab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−88.27 (−136.70, −34.00)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours faricimab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Central retinal thickness at 24 months relative to Standard threshold laser</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD (95% CrI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−65.47 (−96.59, −34.19)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="9" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours bevacizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−92.13 (−123.70, −60.70)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−109.70 (−132.90, −86.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours aflibercept</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−44.67 (−87.87, −2.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours dexamethasone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">66.54 (42.15, 91.00)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">24.93 (−24.70, 73.77)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Fluocinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−23.15 (−66.75, 20.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sham</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">35.27 (−4.62, 74.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Subthreshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−0.59 (−13.95, 12.78)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Central retinal thickness at 12 months relative to Standard threshold laser</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treatment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD (95% CrI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−19.86 (−58.85, 22.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="16" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−61.86 (−90.77, −29.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−82.36 (−116.10, −42.93)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours aflibercept</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−99.68 (−145.30, −48.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours dexamethasone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−34.29 (−106.90, 42.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−73.83 (−111.50, −32.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Triamcinolone + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−70.44 (−135.10, −1.97)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours triamcinolone + standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab + triamcinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−29.34 (−101.60, 46.33)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Fluocinolone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−5.03 (−96.26, 86.60)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Conbercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−53.25 (−129.80, 25.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sham</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">70.01 (−4.07, 144.20)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Subthreshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">40.74 (−56.21, 136.70)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bevacizumab + standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−18.28 (−94.00, 61.36)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Dexamethasone + bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−26.41 (−117.30, 66.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Brolucizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−97.65 (−154.80, −32.70)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours brolucizumab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Faricimab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">−110.60 (−166.60, −44.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours faricimab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Anti-VEGF vs standard threshold laser: Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M (RR greater than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Overall</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2410</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 2.30 [1.54, 3.45]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours Anti-VEGF</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_4_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup: Conbercept (RR greater than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">199</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 1.67 [0.92, 3.03]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup aflibercept (RR greater than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1098</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 3.36 [2.15, 5.23]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours aflibercept</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_8_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup bevacizumab (RR greater than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 2.26 [0.47, 10.98]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_10_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup ranibizumab (RR greater than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1033</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 1.92 [0.87, 4.24]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab15_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Anti-VEGF vs standard threshold laser: The mean number of treatments at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup aflibercept (MD lower than 0 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">905</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD: 9.49 [8.76, 10.23]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup bevacizumab (MD lower than 0 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">164</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD: 2.10 [1.62, 2.58]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup ranibizumab (MD lower than 0 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">903</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD: 1.98 [−2.34, 6.29]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_7_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup: Conbercept (MD lower than 0 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">157</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD: −0.10 [−1.18, 0.98]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Anti-VEGF vs standard threshold laser: The mean number of treatments at 24 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept (MD lower than 0 favours anti-vegf)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">578</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD: 19.00 [16.64, 21.35]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Anti-VEGF vs standard threshold laser: Adverse Events at 24 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Adverse Event: Cataract progression</p>
|
||
<p>Subgroup aflibercept (RR lower than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</p>
|
||
</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1132</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 0.92 [0.36, 2.35]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup: ranibizumab (RR lower than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">227</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 0.32 [0.01, 7.75]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adverse Event: IOP increase</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_5_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup aflibercept (RR lower than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_5_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_5_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_5_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">554</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_5_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 1.75 [0.94, 3.26]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_5_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_5_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_8_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup bevacizumab (RR lower than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 2.72 [0.11, 64.85]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_10_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup ranibizumab (RR lower than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 8.14 [0.49, 134.21]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_12_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adverse Event: Vitreous haemorrhage</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_12_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_13_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup aflibercept (RR lower than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_12_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_12_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_12_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1132</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_12_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 0.73 [0.35, 1.50]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_12_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_12_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_15_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup: Conbercept (RR lower than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">156</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 1.05 [0.27, 4.06]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_17_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup bevacizumab (RR lower than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 0.30 [0.01, 7.21]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_19_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup ranibizumab (RR lower than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">382</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 0.31 [0.08, 1.11]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">Bevacizumab VS Ranibizumab</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M (RR lower than 1 favours bevacizumab)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">636</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 0.88 [0.68, 1.14]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean number of treatments at 12 months (MD lower than 0 favours bevacizumab)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">226</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD: 1.06 [−1.09, 3.22]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours bevacizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">Aflibercept vs Ranibizumab</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean number of treatments at 12 months (MD lower than 0 favours aflibercept)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">182</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD: −0.95 [−2.11, 0.21]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab21" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 21</span><span class="title">Brolucizumab vs Aflibercept</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M (RR greater than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">736</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 1.14 [0.96, 1.37]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean number of treatments at 12 months (MD lower than 0 favours brolucizumab)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">736</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD: −1.60 [−1.80, −1.39]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours brolucizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab22" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">Faricimab vs Aflibercept</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M (RR greater than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1094</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 1.01 [0.85, 1.21]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab23" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 23</span><span class="title">Ranibizumab vs Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab23_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M (RR greater than 1 favour anti-VEGF plus laser)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">636</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 1.05 [0.78, 1.42]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not distinguish</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab24" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Bevacizumab vs Bevacizumab + standard threshold laser</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab24_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">The mean number of treatments at 12 months (MD lower than 0 favours bevacizumab+ laser)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">736</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD: 0.26 [−0.25, 0.77]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab25" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Ranibizumab vs sham</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab25_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M (RR greater than 1 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">509</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.66 [1.94, 3.65]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours ranibizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab26" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Anti-VEGF and steroid versus anti-VEGF alone</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab26_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Significant intraocular inflammation (RR less than 1 favour Anti-VEGF and steroid)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">189</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR 0.99 [0.14, 6.95]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Development of cataract (RR less than 1 favour Anti-VEGF and steroid)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">268</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 9.30 [2.21, 39.02]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours anti- VEGF alone</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Raised intraocular pressure (RR less than 1 favour Anti-VEGF and steroid)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">557</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 12.07 [4.67, 31.25]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours anti- VEGF alone</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab27" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Intravitreal dexamethasone versus sham</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab27_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M (RR greater than 1 favours intravitreal dexamethasone)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">701</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 1.39 [0.91, 2.12]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 24 M (RR greater than 1 favours intravitreal dexamethasone)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">701</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 1.54 [1.04, 2.26]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours intravitreal dexamethasone</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adverse events Cataract progression at 36 months (RR less than 1 favours intravitreal dexamethasone)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">697</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.89 [2.75, 5.50]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours sham</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_7_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adverse events IOP increase at 36 months (RR less than 1 favours intravitreal dexamethasone)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">697</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 8.99 [5.05, 16.03]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours sham</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab28" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant versus sham</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab28_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M (RR greater than 1 favour Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">560</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 1.79 [1.16, 2.78]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 24 M (RR greater than 1 favour Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">560</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 1.76 [1.22, 2.53]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Adverse events Cataract progression at 24 M (RR less than 1 favours Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">351</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 1.63 [1.35, 1.97]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours sham</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_7_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Adverse events IOP increase at 24 M (RR less than 1 favours Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">531</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 3.35 [2.22, 5.06]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours sham</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab29" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 29</span><span class="title">Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection versus sham</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab29_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement (RR greater than 1 favour Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 4.12 [0.48, 34.99]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Adverse events Cataract progression at 24 M (RR less than 1 favours Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 3.00 [0.97, 9.30]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Adverse events IOP increase at 24 M (RR less than 1 favours Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 10.29 [1.39, 76.12]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours sham</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab30" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 30</span><span class="title">Intravitreal dexamethasone versus intravitreal anti-VEGF</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab30_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
|
||
<p>Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M (RR greater than 1 favours: Intravitreal dexamethasone</p>
|
||
<p>Subgroup bevacizumab</p>
|
||
</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 0.99 [0.70, 1.40]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Subgroup ranibizumab (RR greater than 1 favour: Intravitreal dexamethasone</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">363</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RR: 0.50 [0.32, 0.79]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Favours ranibizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab31" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 31</span><span class="title">Intravitreal dexamethasone versus intravitreal anti-VEGF: The mean number of treatments at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab31_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subgroup aflibercept</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD: Not estimable</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subgroup bevacizumab</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD:Not estimable</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subgroup ranibizumab</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">363</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD: Not estimable</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab32" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 32</span><span class="title">Intravitreal dexamethasone versus intravitreal anti-VEGF: Adverse Events at 12 and 24 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab32_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adverse Event: Cataract progression at 12 to 24 months</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_2_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup bevacizumab (RR less than 1 favours: Bevacizumab)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 2.74 [0.58, 12.84]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_4_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup: Ranibizumab (RR less than 1 favours: Ranibizumab)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_4_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">247</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 4.54 [2.41, 8.55]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_4_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours Ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_6_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adverse Event: IOP increase at 24 months</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_6_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_6_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_7_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup aflibercept (RR less than 1 favours: Aflibercept)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_6_2" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_7_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_6_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_6_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_6_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_6_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 11.45 [0.65, 201.60]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_6_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_6_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_7_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_9_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup bevacizumab (RR less than 1 favours: Bevacizumab)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_9_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 2.40 [1.19, 4.82]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_9_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours bevacizumab</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_11_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup ranibizumab (RR less than 1 favours: Ranibizumab)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">363</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 5.03 [1.12, 22.63]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours Ranibizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab33" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 33</span><span class="title">Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide versus macular laser</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab33_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 12M</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">584</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 0.85[0.55,1.35]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Visual Acuity: three or more lines improvement from baseline up to 24 M</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">584</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 0.95 [0.66, 1.35]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adverse events Cataract progression at 24 M</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">459</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 2.68 [2.21, 3.24]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_7_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adverse events IOP increase at 24 M</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">584</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR: 9.20 [5.14, 16.47]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab34" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 34</span><span class="title">Number of patients meeting driving standards at month 24, n (%)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab34_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Number of patients meeting driving standards at month 24, n (%)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a href="#niceng242er7.appj.ref131">Lois 2023</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pragmatic RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">217</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR: 0.74 [0.16, 3.37]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab35" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 35</span><span class="title">Number of laser treatments used from baseline to month 24 in study eye, mean (SD)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab35_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Number of laser treatments used from baseline to month 24 in study eye, mean (SD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<a href="#niceng242er7.appj.ref131">Lois 2023</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pragmatic RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">231</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">−1.96 [−3.89, −0.03]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab36" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 36</span><span class="title">Comparisons vs standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity from baseline (logMAR) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab36_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subthreshold laser MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref58">Figueira 2009</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.04 [−018,0.08]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref35">Soheilian 2007</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.19 [−0.32.−0.08]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Bevacizumab</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref36">Turkoglu 2015</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.10 [−0.19.−0.02]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_7_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Triamcinolone MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 Ockrim 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD 0.04 [−0.57.0.64]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_9_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref29">RELATION 2012</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.10 [−0.16.−0.04]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Triamcinolone</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab37" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 37</span><span class="title">Change in central retinal thickness from baseline (mean difference) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab37_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subthreshold laser MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref58">Figueira 2009</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD 13.20 [−31.58 , 57.98]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref35">Soheilian 2007</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −42.00 [−95.60, −11.60]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref36">Turkoglu 2015</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −66.00 [−78.59, −55.41]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours ranibizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab38" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 38</span><span class="title">Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab38_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref50">Soheilian 2012</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.07 [−0.23,0.09]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab + triamcinolone MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref50">Soheilian 2012</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.06 [−0.21,0.09]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab39" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 39</span><span class="title">Change in central retinal thickness at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab39_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref50">Soheilian 2012</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −4.00 [−66.81,58.81]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab + triamcinolone MD less than 0 favours comparison</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref50">Soheilian 2012</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −26.00 [−81.03, 29.03]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab40" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 40</span><span class="title">Anti-VEGF vs sham: Change in visual acuity from baseline (logMAR) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab40_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab (MD less than 0 favours anti-vegf)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref49a">Ahmadieh 2008</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCTs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.15 [−0.26, −0.04]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Bevacizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab41" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 41</span><span class="title">Subthreshold vs standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity from baseline (logMAR) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab41_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subthreshold laser vs standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours subthreshold laser)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">213</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.01 [−0.12, 0.09]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab42" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 42</span><span class="title">bevacizumab vs bevacizumab + standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity from baseline (logMAR) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab42_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab vs bevacizumab + standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours vs bevacizumab + standard threshold laser)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 (<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref3">Faghihi,2010</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<p>MD:</p>
|
||
<p>−0.04 [−0.17, 0.08]</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab43" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 43</span><span class="title">Anti-VEGF vs standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab43_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab Vs Standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.17 [−0.21, −0.13]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours bevacizumab</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aflibercept Vs Standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours anti-VEGF)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.09 [−0.19, 0.02]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab44" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 44</span><span class="title">Steroids vs sham: Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab44/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab44_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Fluocinolone Vs Sham (MD less than 0 favours steroid)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref41">FAME 2011</a> (<a href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref41a">Campochiaro 2011</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">560</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.06 [−0.08, −0.03]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Fluocinolone</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dexamethasone Vs Sham (MD less than 0 favours steroid)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 MEAD 2014 (Boyer 2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">701</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.05 [−0.09, 0.00]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab44_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favour Dexamethasone</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab45" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 45</span><span class="title">Brolucizumab vs aflibercept: Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab45/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab45_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brolucizumab Vs Aflibercept (MD less than 0 favours Brolucizumab)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref13">Brown 2022</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">360</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.02 [−0.02, 0.07]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab46" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 46</span><span class="title">Anti VEGF vs Anti VEGF: Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab46/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab46_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aflibercept vs. Bevacizumab (MD less than 0 favours Aflibercept)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref17">DRCRnet 2015</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">386</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD−0.06 [−0.10, −0.01]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Aflibercept</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aflibercept vs Ranibizumab (MD less than 0 favours Aflibercept)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref17">DRCRnet 2015</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">392</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.01 [−0.06, 0.04]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_5_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab vs Bevacizumab (MD less than 0 favours Ranibizumab)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref17">DRCRnet 2015</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">376</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.05 [−0.09, −0.00]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab46_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favour Ranibizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab47" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 47</span><span class="title">Dexamethasone vs bevacizumab: Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab47/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab47_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dexamethasone Vs Bevacizumab (MD less than 0 favours Dexamethasone)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref38">BEVORDEX 2014</a> (<a href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref38c">Gillies 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD 0.08 [−0.03, 0.19]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab47_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab48" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 48</span><span class="title">Triamcinolone vs standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab48/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab48_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Triamcinolone Vs Standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours Triamcinolone)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref40">DRCRnet 2008</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">584</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.08 [0.01, 0.15]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Favours Standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab49" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 49</span><span class="title">Combination treatment vs sham + standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab49/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab49_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref16">DRCRnet 2010</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">480</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.12 [−0.17, −0.07]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ttriamcinolone + standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours triamcinolone + standard threshold laser)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref16">DRCRnet 2010</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">479</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.02 [−0.07, 0.03]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab49_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab50" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 50</span><span class="title">Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab50/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab50_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab Vs Triamcinolone + Bevacizumab (MD less than 0 favours Triamcinolone + Bevacizumab)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref50">Soheilian 2012</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">MD 0.01 [−0.15, 0.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab51" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 51</span><span class="title">Change in visual acuity from baseline (logMAR) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab51/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab51_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser vs standard threshold laser: (MD less than 0 favours Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref16">DRCRnet 2010</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">253</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.08 [−0.13, −0.03]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Triamcinolone + standard threshold laser vs standard threshold laser: (MD less than 0 favours triamcinolone + standard threshold laser)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref16">DRCRnet 2010</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">256</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD 0.00 [−0.06, 0.06]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab51_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours triamcinolone + standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab52" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 52</span><span class="title">Aflibercept vs standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity from baseline (logMAR) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab52/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab52_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aflibercept vs standard threshold Laser (MD less than 0 favours Aflibercept)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 VISTA & VIVID (<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref20">Korobelnik 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">168</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.15 [−0.15, −0.14]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab52_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Aflibercept</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab53" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 53</span><span class="title">Aflibercept vs standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity (logMAR) at 24 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab53/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab53_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aflibercept vs standard threshold laser: (MD less than 0 favours Aflibercept)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 VISTA & VIVID (<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref20">Korobelnik 2014</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">168</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.15 [−0.16, −0.14]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Aflibercept</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab54" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 54</span><span class="title">Aflibercept vs standard threshold laser: Change in central retinal thickness at 12 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab54/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab54_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aflibercept vs standard threshold laser: (MD less than 0 favours Aflibercept)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 VISTA & VIVID (Midena 2018)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">168</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −69.30 [−73.28, −65.32]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Aflibercept</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab55" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 55</span><span class="title">Aflibercept vs standard threshold laser: Change in central retinal thickness at 24 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab55/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab55_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Laser vs aflibercept: change in central retinal thickness at 24 months. (MD less than 0 favours aflibercept)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 VISTA & VIVID (Midena 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">168</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD 67.80 [63.42, 72.18]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab56" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 56</span><span class="title">Triamcinolone vs standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab56/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab56_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Triamcinolone vs standard threshold laser: (MD less than 0 favours Triamcinolone)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref40">DRCRnet 2008</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">296</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD 0.08 [0.01, 0.15]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab57" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 57</span><span class="title">Combination treatment vs standard threshold laser: Change in central retinal thickness from baseline (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab57/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab57_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref16">DRCRnet 2010</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">227</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −44.00 [−65.63, −22.37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">triamcinolone + standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours triamcinolone + standard threshold laser</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref16">DRCRnet 2010</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">231</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −32.00 [−54.39, −9.61]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab57_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours triamcinolone + standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab58" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 58</span><span class="title">Aflibercept vs standard threshold laser</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab58/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab58_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aflibercept vs standard threshold laser: Change in central retinal thickness from baseline to 24 months (MD less than 0 favours aflibercept)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1 VISTA & VIVID (Midena 2018)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">168</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −151.70 [−154.35, −149.05]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab59" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 59</span><span class="title">Comparisons vs standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity from baseline (logMAR) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab59/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab59_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subthreshold laser vs standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours Subthreshold laser)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref58">Figueira 2009</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.04 [−0.16, 0.08]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab vs standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours Bevacizumab)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref35">Soheilian 2007</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.19 [−0.32, −0.06]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab59_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Bevacizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab60" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 60</span><span class="title">Comparisons vs standard threshold laser: Change in central retinal thickness from baseline (mean difference) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab60/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab60_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subthreshold laser vs standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours Subthreshold laser)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref58">Figueira 2009</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD 13.20 [−31.58, 57.98]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab vs standard threshold laser (MD less than 0 favours Bevacizumab</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 <a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref35">Soheilian 2007</a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −42.00 [−95.60, 11.60]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab60_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab61" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 61</span><span class="title">Comparisons vs standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity from baseline (logMAR) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab61/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab61_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab vs standard threshold laser</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref36">Turkoglu 2015</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.10 [−0.19, −0.02]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Ranibizumab</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Triamcinolone vs standard threshold laser</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ockrim 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD 0.04 [−0.57, 0.64]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab61_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab62" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 62</span><span class="title">Ranibizumab vs standard threshold laser: Change in central retinal thickness from baseline (mean difference) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab62/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab62_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser vs standard threshold laser</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref29">RELATION 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.10 [−0.16, −0.04]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Ranibizumab + standard threshold laser</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab63" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 63</span><span class="title">Bevacizumab vs sham</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab63/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab63_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab vs sham</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<a href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref49a">Ahmadieh 2008</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.15 [−0.26, −0.04]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Bevacizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab64" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 64</span><span class="title">Ranibizumab vs standard threshold laser: Change in central retinal thickness from baseline (mean difference) at 12 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab64/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab64_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab vs standard threshold laser</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref36">Turkoglu 2015</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −66.00 [−76.59, −55.41]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Favours Ranibizumab</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab65" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 65</span><span class="title">Comparisons vs standard threshold laser: Change in visual acuity LogMAR at 24 months (mean difference)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab65/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab65_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref50">Soheilian 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.07 [−0.23, 0.09]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_3_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab + triamcinolone</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_3_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref50">Soheilian 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −0.06 [−0.21, 0.09]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab65_1_1_3_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab66" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 66</span><span class="title">Comparisons vs standard threshold laser: Change in central retinal thickness from baseline to 24 months</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab66/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab66_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect size (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Interpretation of effect</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref50">Soheilian 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −4.00 [−66.81, 58.81]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_3_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab + triamcinolone</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_6" id="hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_3_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref50">Soheilian 2012</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parallel RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MD −26.00 [−81.03, 29.03]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">High</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng242er7.tab66_1_1_3_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Could not differentiate</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab67" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 67</span><span class="title">Economic evidence profile</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab67/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab67_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Limitations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other comments</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Uncertainty</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost (£)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effects (QALYs)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">ICER (£/QALY)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref77">Regnier et al (2015)</a> Cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab versus aflibercept in the treatment of visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema: a UK healthcare perspective</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Directly applicable; NHS perspective</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations, assumes treatment limited to 3 years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Markov cohort model with 8 health states based on visual acuity plus death health state</p>
|
||
<p>Aflibercept compared with ranibizumab treat and extend (T&E) vs. ranibizumab treatment as needed (PRN)</p>
|
||
<p>Population included patients with any central retinal thickness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept compared with ranibizumab PRN: £5,841 and ranibizumab T&E: £2,930</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept compared with ranibizumab PRN: 0.05 and ranibizumab T&E: 0.05</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>ICER</p>
|
||
<p>Aflibercept compared with ranibizumab PRN: £116,820 and ranibizumab T&E: £58,600</p>
|
||
<p>NMB at £20K</p>
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab PRN: £6,768</p>
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab T&E: £3,934</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Deterministic: The results were most sensitive to changes in the odds ratio of ranibizumab PRN compared with aflibercept, followed by the price discount assumed to apply to aflibercept (20%) and assumptions made for the number of injections and monitoring assumptions for ranibizumab and aflibercept. The net monetary benefit (NMB) for ranibizumab PRN remained positive in all scenarios explored.</p>
|
||
<p>Probabilistic: Ranibizumab PRN had a 79% probability and ranibizumab (T&E) had a 67% probability of being cost effective compared with aflibercept assuming QALYs are valued at £20,000 each.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref75">Mitchell et al (2012)</a> Cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab in treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DME) causing visual impairment: evidence from the RESTORE trial</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Directly applicable; NHS perspective</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations, EQ-5D used as utility source in the base-case which is not sensitive to changes in eye conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Based on RESTORE and RETAIN clinical trials</p>
|
||
<p>The study did not mention whether the population was separated by central retinal thickness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab monotherapy compared with laser mono: £4,191</p>
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab combo compared with laser mono: £4,695</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab mono compared with laser: 0.17</p>
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab combo compared with laser mono: 0.13</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab mono compared with laser mono: £24,028</p>
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab combo compared with laser mono: £36,106</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Deterministic: Model most sensitive to changes in the number of injections and reducing the time horizon to 10 years. Changing the source of utilities increased the QALY gains and reduced the ICER.</p>
|
||
<p>Probabilistic: 64% probability ranibizumab monotherapy would be cost effective compared to laser and 42% probability combination therapy would be cost effective compared to laser therapy based on a willingness to pay threshold of £30,000 per QALY.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref76">Pochopien et al (2019)</a> Cost-effectiveness of fluocinolone acetonide implant (ILUVIEN R) in UK patients with chronic diabetic macular oedema considered insufficiently responsive to available therapies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Directly applicable; NHS perspective</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations, disutility applied to anti-VEGF injections only and not for insertion of implants</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The text refers to the use of dexamethasone in the Pseudophakic population however the table reports the results for dexamethasone under the phakic lens population</p>
|
||
<p>Analysis was not separated by central retinal thickness</p>
|
||
<p>Disutility applied to injections for anti-VEGFs however not applied to the implant</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Pseudophakic lens at baseline:</p>
|
||
<p>Fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAc) compared with usual care: £3,066</p>
|
||
<p>FAc compared with dexamethasone: £1,777</p>
|
||
<p>Phakic lens at baseline:</p>
|
||
<p>FAc compared with usual care: £3,170</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Pseudophakic lens at baseline:</p>
|
||
<p>FAc compared with usual care: 0.185</p>
|
||
<p>FAc compared with dexamethasone 0.126</p>
|
||
<p>Phakic lens at baseline:</p>
|
||
<p>FAc compared with usual care: 0.11</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Pseudophakic lens at baseline:</p>
|
||
<p>FAc compared with usual care: £16,609</p>
|
||
<p>FAc compared with dexamethasone: £14,070</p>
|
||
<p>Phakic lens at baseline:</p>
|
||
<p>FAc compared with usual care: £28,751</p>
|
||
<p>Incremental costs and QALYs are rounded so calculating the ICER from above gives a different result</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Deterministic: Main drivers of the ICER for FAc compared with usual care were utility decrements per health state, distribution of treatment within usual care, transition probabilities for sham baseline for the pseudo phakic population.</p>
|
||
<p>Main drivers of the ICER for FAc compared with dexamethasone were the cost of dexamethasone and the number of outpatient visits for patients treated with FAc in the pseudo phakic population.</p>
|
||
<p>Phakic population: Main driver of the ICER for FAc compared with usual care in the phakic population was the transition probabilities.</p>
|
||
<p>Probabilistic: Pseudophakic population</p>
|
||
<p>The FAc implant was found to have a 73.4% probability of being cost effective compared to usual care based on a willingness to pay threshold of £30,000.</p>
|
||
<p>No probabilistic results presented for dexamethasone.</p>
|
||
<p>Phakic population: The FAc implant was found to have a 59.2% probability of being cost effective compared to usual care based on a willingness to pay threshold of £30,000.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref71">Haig et al (2016)</a> Cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab in the treatment of visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable; Canada study setting with 5% discount rate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations, due to a lack of data, clinical expertise was used to populate resource use for treatment monitoring</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Analysis for both societal and health care system were presented in the analysis, only results for the healthcare perspective are presented to align with NICE reference case</p>
|
||
<p>The analysis was not separated by central retinal thickness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab mono compared with laser mono: CA$9,849 (£5,555)</p>
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab combo compared with laser mono: CA$ 11,471 (£6,470)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab mono compared with laser mono: 0.4</p>
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab combo compared with laser mono: 0.32</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab mono compared with laser mono: CA$24,494 (£13,815)</p>
|
||
<p>Ranibizumab combo compared with laser mono: CA$ 36,414 (£20,538)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Deterministic: Ranibizumab monotherapy and combination remained cost effective compared with laser monotherapy. Model most sensitive to removing the assumption patients stopped treatment if BCVA above 75 letters this increased the ICER to CA$72,989 (£41,167) for ranibizumab monotherapy.</p>
|
||
<p>Probabilistic: Ranibizumab monotherapy and ranibizumab combination therapy had a 74% and 60% probability of being cost effective at the ICER threshold of CA$50,000 (£28,201)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref72">Holekamp et al (2020)</a> Cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab and aflibercept to treat diabetic macular edema from a US perspective: analysis of 2-year Protocol T data</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable; US study; 3% discount rate from 2 years onwards</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations, base-case only 2 years based on trial data, natural history source is unclear</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Based on the Protocol T clinical trial, uses ranibizumab 0.3mg rather than 0.5mg</p>
|
||
<p>Accounted for treatment in one or two eyes, assumptions made for starting treatment for the second eye to be mid study if not at baseline</p>
|
||
<p>The analysis was not separated by central retinal thickness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Aflibercept compared with ranibizumab:</p>
|
||
<p>2 years:</p>
|
||
<p>Full cohort: $9,894 (£6,896)</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/40 or better at baseline: $8,597 (£5,992)</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/50 or worse: $10,967 (£7,644)</p>
|
||
<p>Aflibercept compared with ranibizumab:</p>
|
||
<p>10 years:</p>
|
||
<p>Full cohort: $20,608 (£14,364)</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/40 or better at baseline: $19,721 (£13,746)</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/50 or worse: $21,633 (£15,078)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Aflibercept compared with ranibizumab (2 years):</p>
|
||
<p>Full cohort: 0.010</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/40 or better at baseline: −0.002</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/50 or worse: 0.021</p>
|
||
<p>Aflibercept compared with ranibizumab (10 years):</p>
|
||
<p>Full cohort: 0.029</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/40 or better at baseline: −0.032</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/50 or worse: 0.088</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Aflibercept compared with ranibizumab (2 years):</p>
|
||
<p>Full cohort: $986,159 (£687,353)</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/40 or better at baseline: ranibizumab dominates</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/50 or worse: $523,377 (£364,794)</p>
|
||
<p>Aflibercept compared with ranibizumab (10 years):</p>
|
||
<p>Full cohort: $711,301 (£495,777)</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/40 or better at baseline: Ranibizumab dominates</p>
|
||
<p>VA 20/50 or worse: $246,978 (£172,144)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Deterministic: Model most sensitive to drug costs and the number of injections. Aflibercept only became cost effective for the full cohort based on an ICER of $19,930 (£13,891) when the number of injections for aflibercept over 2 years reduced from 15 to 11 whilst ranibizumab remained the same. Ranibizumab remained dominant in all scenarios in the 20/40 or better VA subgroup.</p>
|
||
<p>Probabilistic: Assuming QALYs were valued at $150,000 ((£104,550) aflibercept had a 0.1% probability of being cost effective for the full cohort and 2.5% probability for the 20/50 or worse VA subgroup.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref70">Brown et al (2015)</a> The Cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable; US study (includes societal costs); 3% discount rate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations, assumes last observation from 24 months is carried forward for the remainder of the model which may overestimate benefits, no deterministic or probabilistic sensitivity analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RIDE and RISE clinical trials with vision loss from 20/40 to 20/320 from DMO. Laser treatment could be given in addition to all treatment arms. 0.3mg ranibizumab cohort received average 0.8 laser treatments and the sham arm received 1.8 laser treatments over 24 months.</p>
|
||
<p>Societal perspective was used in the base-case only the payer perspective results are presented here</p>
|
||
<p>Assumes vision similar in both eyes, treatment in both eyes considered in the base-case, adverse events were included</p>
|
||
<p>The analysis was not separated by central retinal thickness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab compared with sham (all direct medical costs considering both eyes): $4,578 (£3,186)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab compared with sham 0.9981</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab compared with sham considering both eyes $4,587 (£3,193)/QALY</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No full deterministic or probabilistic sensitivity analysis was presented, only scenarios around the frequency of injections over 3 years. ICERS range from $37,693 (£26,234)/QALY for first eye to $107,784 (£75,018) when four annual injections administered bilaterally through 36 months. Assuming monthly injections for ranibizumab up to 36 months the ICER is $33,029 (£22,988)/QALY</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref79">Stein et al (2013)</a> Cost-effectiveness of various interventions for newly diagnosed diabetic macular edema</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable; US study; 3% discount rates</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations, time horizon may not cover all patients lifetime and equal efficacy assumed between bevacizumab and ranibizumab and no data available for the rates of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) for bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Includes focal laser plus triamcinolone as a comparator which is not an included comparator within this guideline as the intraocular formulation is not available in the UK</p>
|
||
<p>The analysis was not separated by central retinal thickness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Laser compared with:</p>
|
||
<p>Laser plus ranibizumab $58,257 (£40,663)</p>
|
||
<p>Delayed laser plus ranibizumab $61,424 (£42,874)</p>
|
||
<p>Laser plus bevacizumab $27,200 (£18,986)</p>
|
||
<p>Delayed laser plus bevacizumab $26,485 (£18,487)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Laser compared with:</p>
|
||
<p>Laser plus ranibizumab: 10.83</p>
|
||
<p>Delayed laser plus ranibizumab: 10.99</p>
|
||
<p>Laser plus bevacizumab: 10.83</p>
|
||
<p>Delayed laser plus bevacizumab: 10.99</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Laser compared with:</p>
|
||
<p>Laser plus ranibizumab: $89,903 (£62,752)</p>
|
||
<p>Delayed laser plus ranibizumab: $71,271 (£49,747)</p>
|
||
<p>Laser plus bevacizumab Dominated by delayed laser plus bevacizumab</p>
|
||
<p>Delayed laser plus bevacizumab: $11,138 (£7,774)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Scenarios including the side effects of adverse events were included, which increased costs and reduced HRQOL for laser which had high rates of 6%. Due to the uncertainty around the rates of CVA for bevacizumab scenarios were run to identify if bevacizumab would not be considered cost effective based on a QALY valued at $50,000 if the probability of CVA is more than 4%.</p>
|
||
<p>Probabilistic: In the analysis with ranibizumab based on a willingness to pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY there is a 70% probability laser would be the preferred treatment, when the threshold is increased to $100,000/QALY there is a 90% probability that ranibizumab with laser (either immediate or delayed) would be the preferred treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>In the scenario with bevacizumab, at a value of $14,000 (£9,772) /QALY bevacizumab is very likely to be the preferred treatment compared with laser with over 90% probability.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref78">Sharma et al (2000)</a> The cost-effectiveness of grid laser photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular edema: results of a patient-based cost-utility analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable; US study; 0 or 5% discount rate used</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations, not all costs considered only direct treatment costs, no probabilistic sensitivity analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Data based on ETDRS clinical trial. Utility valuations for adverse events based on physician opinion</p>
|
||
<p>The analysis was not separated by central retinal thickness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Laser photocoagulation compared with no treatment $733 (£509)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Laser photocoagulation compared with no treatment: 0.236</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Laser photocoagulation compared with no treatment:</p>
|
||
<p>No discounting</p>
|
||
<p>$3,101 (£2,152)</p>
|
||
<p>5% discount rate based on an additional 40-year life expected $3,655 (£2,537)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Deterministic: Efficacy values were varied within the 95% confidence limits, the results remained robust with laser photocoagulation remained the preferred treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>No probabilistic sensitivity analysis was undertaken.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref74">Lois et al (2022)</a> Standard threshold laser versus subthreshold micro pulse laser for adults with diabetic macular oedema: the DIAMONDS non-inferiority RCT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Directly applicable; NHS and PSS perspective</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations, short 2-year time horizon</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Data based on the DIAMOND clinical trial</p>
|
||
<p>The population was people with central retinal thickness <400µm</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subthreshold micro pulse laser compared with standard threshold laser: −£365</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subthreshold micro pulse laser compared with standard threshold laser: 0.008</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subthreshold micro pulse laser compared with standard threshold laser: Subthreshold micro pulse laser dominates</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Large confidence intervals for the cost difference of subthreshold micro pulse laser compared with standard threshold laser 95% confidence interval (−£822 to £93).</p>
|
||
<p>Subthreshold micro pulse laser had 80% probability of being cost effective at a threshold of £15,000 per QALY and 76% probability of being cost effective at £20,000 per QALY.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref73">Hutton et al (2023)</a> Cost-effectiveness of aflibercept monotherapy vs bevacizumab first followed by aflibercept if needed for diabetic macular edema</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable; US healthcare setting</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations, 3% discount rate, short 2-year time horizon</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Data based on the DRCR retina network protocol AC clinical trial</p>
|
||
<p>The mean retinal thickness of the population was 504µm, with a 95% CI of 487 to 521µm</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept monotherapy compared with bevacizumab first followed by aflibercept if needed: $12,575 (£8,740)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept monotherapy compared with bevacizumab first followed by aflibercept if needed: 0.015</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept monotherapy compared with bevacizumab first followed by aflibercept if needed: $837,077 (£581,769)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab67_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Deterministic: Changing utility source from Brown et al 1999 to RESTORE clinical trial and assumptions around costs will likely change the results, however the ICER would remain above $100,000 (£69,500).</p>
|
||
<p>Probabilistic sensitivity analysis: 0% probability aflibercept monotherapy would be considered cost effective at a willingness to pay below $200,000 (£139,000) per QALY gained.</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: BCVA: Best corrected visual acuity; BSE: Best seeing eye; CI-DME, centre involving diabetic macular oedema; Combo: combination therapy; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; CRT: central retinal thickness; FAc: Fluocinolone acetonide implant; Mono: Monotherapy; NMB: Net monetary benefit; PRN: Pro re nata – treatment as needed; PRP, pan retinal photocoagulation; PSS: Personal social services; T & E: treat and extend dosage schedule; WSE: Worst seeing eye. *Costs have been converted from dollars to pounds using EPPI-Centre Cost Converter <a href="https://eppi.ioe.ac.uk/costconversion/default.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://eppi.ioe.ac.uk/costconversion/default.aspx</a></p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab68" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 68</span><span class="title">Economic model results (list price) fully incremental analysis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab68/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab68_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Strategy</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute costs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inc. costs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inc. QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">ICER</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NMB at £20K/QALY (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No treatment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£3,843</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">8.485</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£165,850 (£152,520 to £179,419)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subthreshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£4,431</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">8.956</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£588</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.471</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£1,248</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£174,682 (£160,969 to £188,956)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£4,823</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">8.976</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£392</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.020</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£19,272</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£174,697 (£161,500 to £188,126)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£9,385</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.201</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£4,562</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.225</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£20,318</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£174,625 (£161,698 to £188,032)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab plus standard laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£11,408</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.216</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£2,023</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.015</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£133,549</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£172,905 (£159,025 to £186,478)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£23,920</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.220</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£12,511</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.004</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Extendedly dominated</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£160,471 (£147,567 to £173,477)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Brolucizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£24,360</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.266</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£12,952</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.051</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£256,445</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£160,963 (£147,392 to £174,636)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab plus standard laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£24,693</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.199</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£333</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">−0.067</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Dominated</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£159,295 (£146,028 to £173,040)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Faricimab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£33,947</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.266</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£9,587</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Dominated</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£151,368 (£137,455 to £166,067)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£34,388</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.258</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£10,028</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">−0.008</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Dominated</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab68_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£150,771 (£136,228 to £165,577)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab69" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 69</span><span class="title">Economic model results (list price) compared with no treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab69/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab69_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Strategy</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute costs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inc. costs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inc. QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">ICER</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No treatment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£3,843</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.485</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subthreshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£4,431</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.956</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£588</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.471</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£1,248</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£4,823</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.976</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£980</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.491</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£1,994</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£9,385</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.201</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£5,542</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.716</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£7,741</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bevacizumab plus standard laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£11,408</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.216</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£7,565</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.731</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£10,349</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£23,920</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.220</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£20,076</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.735</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£27,319</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brolucizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£24,360</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.266</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£20,517</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.781</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£26,253</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab plus standard laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£24,693</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.199</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£20,849</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.715</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£29,172</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Faricimab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£33,947</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.266</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£30,104</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.781</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£38,541</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£34,388</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.258</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£30,545</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.773</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab69_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£39,500</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab70" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 70</span><span class="title">Economic model results (list price) fully incremental analysis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab70/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab70_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Strategy</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute costs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolut QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inc. costs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inc. QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">ICER</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NMB at £20K/QALY (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No treatment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£3,822</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">8.503</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£0</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£0</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£166,238 (£152,957 to £180,234)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Subthreshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£4,458</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">8.944</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£635</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.441</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£1,442</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£174,414 (£160,952 to £187,227)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£4,919</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">8.928</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£462</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">−0.015</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Dominated</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£173,646 (£159,605 to £187,244)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£9,308</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.211</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£4,850</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.268</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£18,125</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£174,916 (£161,429 to £187,533)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bevacizumab plus standard laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£11,325</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.211</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£2,017</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Extendedly dominated</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£172,899 (£159,168 to £186,269)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£24,039</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.224</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£14,731</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.012</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Extendedly dominated</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£160,434 (£146,828 to £174,059)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Brolucizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£24,348</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.268</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£15,040</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.057</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£263,607</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£161,016 (£147,669 to £173,755)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ranibizumab plus standard laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£24,904</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.209</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£556</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">−0.060</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Dominated</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£159,268 (£145,571 to £172,882)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Faricimab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£33,979</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.271</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£9,630</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">0.003</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£3,116,792</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£151,448 (£137,073 to £164,968)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£34,522</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">9.267</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£544</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">−0.005</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Dominated</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab70_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">£150,813 (£136,809 to £164,845)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab71" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 71</span><span class="title">Economic model results (list price) compared with no treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab71/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab71_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Strategy</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute costs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inc. costs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inc. QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">ICER</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No treatment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£3,822</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.503</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subthreshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£4,458</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.944</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£635</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.441</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£1,442</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£4,919</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.928</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£1,097</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.425</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£2,579</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bevacizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£9,308</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.211</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£5,485</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.708</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£7,746</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bevacizumab plus standard laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£11,325</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.211</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£7,502</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.708</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£10,593</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£24,039</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.224</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£20,216</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.721</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£28,054</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brolucizumab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£24,348</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.268</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£20,526</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.765</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£26,824</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab plus standard laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£24,904</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.209</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£21,081</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.706</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£29,878</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Faricimab</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£33,979</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.271</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£30,156</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.768</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£39,250</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£34,522</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9.267</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£30,700</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.764</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab71_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£40,196</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="niceng242er7.tab72" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 72</span><span class="title">List prices for treatments included in the recommendations</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK607323/table/niceng242er7.tab72/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng242er7.tab72_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Resource</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Unit costs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aflibercept 4.0mg/0.1ml</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£816.00</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF (accessed 13/02/2023)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab (Lucentis) 2.3mg/0.23ml</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£551.00</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF (accessed 13/02/2023)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ranibizumab biosimilar (Ongavia) 2.3mg/0.23ml</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£523.45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF (accessed 28/04/2023)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bevacizumab<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.tab72_1">*</a></sup> 1.25mg</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£50.00</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Poku et al (2012) cited in NICE TA824</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brolucizumab 19.8mg/0.165ml</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£816.00</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF (accessed 13/02/2023)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Faricimab 28.8mg/0.24ml</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£857.00</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF (accessed 13/02/2023)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard threshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£41.16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref74">Lois et al (2022)</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subthreshold laser</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">£47.11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng242er7.tab72_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<a class="bk_pop" href="#niceng242er7.s1.ref74">Lois et al (2022)</a>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>*</dt><dd><div id="niceng242er7.tab72_1"><p class="no_margin">Bevacizumab is only available in a 100mg per 4ml vial at a list price of £242.66, and for intravitreal use must be reconstituted into a 1.25mg dose in an aseptic pharmacy.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews underpinning recommendations 1.3.1 and 1.6.1 to 1.6.11 in the NICE guideline</p><p>These evidence reviews were developed by NICE</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div></div></div>
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