844 lines
131 KiB
Text
844 lines
131 KiB
Text
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" class="no-js no-jr">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<!-- For pinger, set start time and add meta elements. -->
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">var ncbi_startTime = new Date();</script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Logger begin -->
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-toc">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK604285">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_domain" content="niceng195er14">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_report" content="reader">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK604285/?report=reader">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pagename" content="Evidence review for factors associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis - NCBI Bookshelf">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_bookparttype" content="toc">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf">
|
|
<!-- Logger end -->
|
|
|
|
<!--component id="Page" label="meta"/-->
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Evidence review for factors associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="no">
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no">
|
|
<meta name="jr-col-layout" content="1">
|
|
<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE,NOIMAGEINDEX">
|
|
<meta name="citation_title" content="Evidence review for factors associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis">
|
|
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)">
|
|
<meta name="citation_date" content="2024/03">
|
|
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="38896766">
|
|
<meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK604285/">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Meningitis, Bacterial">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Reinfection">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Bacterial Infections">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Infant, Newborn">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Infant">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Child, Preschool">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Child">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Adolescent">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Young Adult">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Adult">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Middle Aged">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Aged">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Aged, 80 and over">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Humans">
|
|
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Review">
|
|
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Evidence review for factors associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Type" content="Text">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2024/03">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK604285/">
|
|
<meta name="og:title" content="Evidence review for factors associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis">
|
|
<meta name="og:type" content="book">
|
|
<meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK604285/">
|
|
<meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf">
|
|
<meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng195er14-lrg.png">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks">
|
|
<meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/niceng195er14/toc/?report=reader">
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK604285/">
|
|
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Archivo+Narrow:400,700,400italic,700italic&subset=latin" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/css/libs.min.css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/css/jr.min.css">
|
|
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css//books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_reader.min.css" type="text/css">
|
|
<style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style>
|
|
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8CD5807D6AE88100000000010400E0.m_5">
|
|
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3852956/3849091.css"></head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<!-- Book content! -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="jr" data-jr-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/"><div class="jr-unsupported"><table class="modal"><tr><td><span class="attn inline-block"></span><br />Your browser does not support the NLM PubReader view.<br />Go to <a href="/pmc/about/pr-browsers/">this page</a> to see a list of supported browsers<br />or return to the <br /><a href="/books/NBK604285/?report=classic">regular view</a>.</td></tr></table></div><div id="jr-ui" class="hidden"><nav id="jr-head"><div class="flexh tb"><div id="jr-tb1"><a id="jr-links-sw" class="hidden" title="Links"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 70.6 85.3" style="enable-background:new 0 0 70.6 85.3;vertical-align:middle" xml:space="preserve" width="24" height="24">
|
|
<style type="text/css">.st0{fill:#939598;}</style>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M36,0C12.8,2.2-22.4,14.6,19.6,32.5C40.7,41.4-30.6,14,35.9,9.8"></path>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M34.5,85.3c23.2-2.2,58.4-14.6,16.4-32.5c-21.1-8.9,50.2,18.5-16.3,22.7"></path>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M34.7,37.1c66.5-4.2-4.8-31.6,16.3-22.7c42.1,17.9,6.9,30.3-16.4,32.5h1.7c-66.2,4.4,4.8,31.6-16.3,22.7 c-42.1-17.9-6.9-30.3,16.4-32.5"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</svg> Books</a></div><div class="jr-rhead f1 flexh"></div><div id="jr-tb2"><a id="jr-bkhelp-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Help with NLM PubReader">?</a><a id="jr-help-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Settings and typography in NLM PubReader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M462,283.742v-55.485l-29.981-10.662c-11.431-4.065-20.628-12.794-25.274-24.001 c-0.002-0.004-0.004-0.009-0.006-0.013c-4.659-11.235-4.333-23.918,0.889-34.903l13.653-28.724l-39.234-39.234l-28.72,13.652 c-10.979,5.219-23.68,5.546-34.908,0.889c-0.005-0.002-0.01-0.003-0.014-0.005c-11.215-4.65-19.933-13.834-24-25.273L283.741,50 h-55.484l-10.662,29.981c-4.065,11.431-12.794,20.627-24.001,25.274c-0.005,0.002-0.009,0.004-0.014,0.005 c-11.235,4.66-23.919,4.333-34.905-0.889l-28.723-13.653l-39.234,39.234l13.653,28.721c5.219,10.979,5.545,23.681,0.889,34.91 c-0.002,0.004-0.004,0.009-0.006,0.013c-4.649,11.214-13.834,19.931-25.271,23.998L50,228.257v55.485l29.98,10.661 c11.431,4.065,20.627,12.794,25.274,24c0.002,0.005,0.003,0.01,0.005,0.014c4.66,11.236,4.334,23.921-0.888,34.906l-13.654,28.723 l39.234,39.234l28.721-13.652c10.979-5.219,23.681-5.546,34.909-0.889c0.005,0.002,0.01,0.004,0.014,0.006 c11.214,4.649,19.93,13.833,23.998,25.271L228.257,462h55.484l10.595-29.79c4.103-11.538,12.908-20.824,24.216-25.525 c0.005-0.002,0.009-0.004,0.014-0.006c11.127-4.628,23.694-4.311,34.578,0.863l28.902,13.738l39.234-39.234l-13.66-28.737 c-5.214-10.969-5.539-23.659-0.886-34.877c0.002-0.005,0.004-0.009,0.006-0.014c4.654-11.225,13.848-19.949,25.297-24.021 L462,283.742z M256,331.546c-41.724,0-75.548-33.823-75.548-75.546s33.824-75.547,75.548-75.547 c41.723,0,75.546,33.824,75.546,75.547S297.723,331.546,256,331.546z"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Find"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 550 600" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-cmap-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Table of Contents"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M20,20h10v8H20V20zM36,20h44v8H36V20zM20,37.33h10v8H20V37.33zM36,37.33h44v8H36V37.33zM20,54.66h10v8H20V54.66zM36,54.66h44v8H36V54.66zM20,72h10v8 H20V72zM36,72h44v8H36V72z"></path></svg></a></div></div></nav><nav id="jr-dash" class="noselect"><nav id="jr-dash" class="noselect"><div id="jr-pi" class="hidden"><a id="jr-pi-prev" class="hidden" title="Previous page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a><div class="pginfo">Page <i class="jr-pg-pn">0</i> of <i class="jr-pg-lp">0</i></div><a id="jr-pi-next" class="hidden" title="Next page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div><div id="jr-is-tb"><a id="jr-is-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Switch between Figures/Tables strip and Progress bar"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><rect x="10" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect><rect x="40" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect><rect x="70" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect></svg></a></div><nav id="jr-istrip" class="istrip hidden"><a id="jr-is-prev" href="#" class="hidden" title="Previous"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M80,40 60,65 80,90 70,90 50,65 70,40z M50,40 30,65 50,90 40,90 20,65 40,40z"></path><text x="35" y="25" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a><a id="jr-is-next" href="#" class="hidden" title="Next"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M20,40 40,65 20,90 30,90 50,65 30,40z M50,40 70,65 50,90 60,90 80,65 60,40z"></path><text x="15" y="25" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></nav><nav id="jr-progress"></nav></nav></nav><aside id="jr-links-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">NCBI Bookshelf</div></div><div class="cnt lol f1"><a href="/books/">Home</a><a href="/books/browse/">Browse All Titles</a><a class="btn share" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK604285/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 33 33" style="vertical-align:middle" width="24" height="24" preserveAspectRatio="none"><g><path d="M 17.996,32L 12,32 L 12,16 l-4,0 l0-5.514 l 4-0.002l-0.006-3.248C 11.993,2.737, 13.213,0, 18.512,0l 4.412,0 l0,5.515 l-2.757,0 c-2.063,0-2.163,0.77-2.163,2.209l-0.008,2.76l 4.959,0 l-0.585,5.514L 18,16L 17.996,32z"></path></g></svg> Share on Facebook</a><a class="btn share" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK604285/&text=Evidence%20review%20for%20factors%20associated%20with%20recurrent%20bacterial%20meningitis"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 33 33" style="vertical-align:middle" width="24" height="24"><g><path d="M 32,6.076c-1.177,0.522-2.443,0.875-3.771,1.034c 1.355-0.813, 2.396-2.099, 2.887-3.632 c-1.269,0.752-2.674,1.299-4.169,1.593c-1.198-1.276-2.904-2.073-4.792-2.073c-3.626,0-6.565,2.939-6.565,6.565 c0,0.515, 0.058,1.016, 0.17,1.496c-5.456-0.274-10.294-2.888-13.532-6.86c-0.565,0.97-0.889,2.097-0.889,3.301 c0,2.278, 1.159,4.287, 2.921,5.465c-1.076-0.034-2.088-0.329-2.974-0.821c-0.001,0.027-0.001,0.055-0.001,0.083 c0,3.181, 2.263,5.834, 5.266,6.438c-0.551,0.15-1.131,0.23-1.73,0.23c-0.423,0-0.834-0.041-1.235-0.118 c 0.836,2.608, 3.26,4.506, 6.133,4.559c-2.247,1.761-5.078,2.81-8.154,2.81c-0.53,0-1.052-0.031-1.566-0.092 c 2.905,1.863, 6.356,2.95, 10.064,2.95c 12.076,0, 18.679-10.004, 18.679-18.68c0-0.285-0.006-0.568-0.019-0.849 C 30.007,8.548, 31.12,7.392, 32,6.076z"></path></g></svg> Share on Twitter</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-cmap-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">In Page Navigation</div></div><div class="cnt lol f1"><a href="/books/n/niceercollect/?report=reader">NICE Evidence Reviews Collection</a><a class="current">Title Information</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-help-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">Settings</div></div><div class="cnt f1"><div id="jr-typo-p" class="typo"><div><a class="sf btn wsprkl">A-</a><a class="lf btn wsprkl">A+</a></div><div><a class="bcol-auto btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 200 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text x="10" y="70" style="font-size:60px;font-family: Trebuchet MS, ArialMT, Arial, sans-serif" textLength="180">AUTO</text></svg></a><a class="bcol-1 btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M15,25 85,25zM15,40 85,40zM15,55 85,55zM15,70 85,70z"></path></svg></a><a class="bcol-2 btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M5,25 45,25z M55,25 95,25zM5,40 45,40z M55,40 95,40zM5,55 45,55z M55,55 95,55zM5,70 45,70z M55,70 95,70z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="lol"><a class="" href="/books/NBK604285/?report=classic">Switch to classic view</a><a href="/books/n/niceng195er14/pdf/">PDF (1.4M)</a><a href="/books/n/niceng195er14/toc/?report=printable">Print View</a></div></div></aside><aside id="jr-bkhelp-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">Help</div></div><div class="cnt f1 lol"><a id="jr-helpobj-sw" data-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/" data-href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/img/bookshelf/help.xml" href="">Help</a><a href="mailto:info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov?subject=PubReader%20feedback%20%2F%20NBK604285%20%2F%20sid%3ACE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID%20%2F%20phid%3ACE8CD5807D6AE88100000000010400E0.4">Send us feedback</a><a id="jr-about-sw" data-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/" data-href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/img/bookshelf/about.xml" href="">About PubReader</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-objectbox" class="thidden hidden"><div class="jr-objectbox-close wsprkl">✘</div><div class="jr-objectbox-inner cnt"><div class="jr-objectbox-drawer"></div></div></aside><nav id="jr-pm-left" class="hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 800" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text font-stretch="ultra-condensed" x="800" y="-15" text-anchor="end" transform="rotate(90)" font-size="18" letter-spacing=".1em">Previous Page</text></svg></nav><nav id="jr-pm-right" class="hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 800" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text font-stretch="ultra-condensed" x="800" y="-15" text-anchor="end" transform="rotate(90)" font-size="18" letter-spacing=".1em">Next Page</text></svg></nav><nav id="jr-fip" class="hidden"><nav id="jr-fip-term-p"><input type="search" placeholder="search this page" id="jr-fip-term" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" /><a id="jr-fip-mg" class="wsprkl btn" title="Find"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 550 600" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-done" class="wsprkl btn" title="Dismiss find">✘</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style"><div class="fm-sec bkr_bottom_sep"><div class="bkr_thumb"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng195er14-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence review for factors associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK604285_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for factors associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Neonatal infection: antibiotics for prevention and treatment</div><p><b>Evidence review N</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 195</i></p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2024 Mar</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-5804-7</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2024.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1"><h2 id="_niceng195er14_s1_">Factors associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis</h2><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1"><h3>Review question</h3><p>What factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</p><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Bacterial meningitis is a rare but serious infection, which can occur in any age group. Recurrent meningitis is exceptionally rare but may indicate an underlying disorder predisposing to infection.</p><p>The aim of this review is to determine what additional investigations should be performed in people who develop recurrent bacterial meningitis.</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng195er14tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of the Population, Prognostic factors, Comparison and Outcome characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng195er14tab1"><a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobniceng195er14tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng195er14.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng195er14tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol. </p></div></div><p>For further details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng195er14.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.3"><h4>Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#niceng195er14.appa">appendix A</a> and the <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/Guidance/ng240/evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">methods document for the NICE guideline on bacterial meningitis and meningococcal disease</a>.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/about/who-we-are/policies-and-procedures" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NICE’s conflicts of interest policy</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.4"><h4>Prognostic evidence</h4><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.4.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Three studies were included for this review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref1" rid="niceng195er14.ref1">Carpenter 1962</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref2" rid="niceng195er14.ref2">Durand 1993</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref3" rid="niceng195er14.ref3">Henaff 2017</a>); all retrospective studies mainly based on hospital charts reviews.</p><p>All 3 studies reported on at least 1 anatomic factor (including head trauma, CSF leak, neurosurgery, CSF breach or fistula). One study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref3" rid="niceng195er14.ref3">Henaff 2017</a>) also included immunological factors, material factors and combination factors.</p><p>Studies with univariate analyses were included as no studies with multivariate analyses were identified.</p><p>One study included children (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref3" rid="niceng195er14.ref3">Henaff 2017</a>); 1 included predominantly adults, aged 16 years and over (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref2" rid="niceng195er14.ref2">Durand 1993</a>), and 1 included an undefined age range (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref1" rid="niceng195er14.ref1">Carpenter 1962</a>).</p><p>The included studies are summarised in <a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng195er14tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#niceng195er14.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng195er14.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.4.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review are listed, and reasons for their exclusion are provided in <a href="#niceng195er14.appj">appendix J</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.5"><h4>Summary of included studies</h4><p>Summaries of the studies that were included in this review are presented in <a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng195er14tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng195er14tab2"><a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobniceng195er14tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng195er14.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng195er14tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies. </p></div></div><p>See the full evidence tables in <a href="#niceng195er14.appd">appendix D</a>. No meta-analysis was conducted (and so there are no forest plots in <a href="#niceng195er14.appe">appendix E</a>).</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.6"><h4>Summary of the evidence</h4><p>This section is a narrative summary of the findings of the review, as presented in the GRADE tables in <a href="#niceng195er14.appf">appendix F</a>. For details of the committee's confidence in the evidence and how this affected recommendations, see The committee’s discussion and interpretation of the evidence.</p><p>The evidence was assessed as being very low quality due to high or moderate risk of bias in some of the domains of the QUIPs checklist (potential bias arising from study participation, subjective measurement of the outcome, and failure to adjust for confounding factors) and because of imprecision due to a very low number of events.</p><p>Evidence was stratified by age (children, adults, and undefined age range) but no meta-analyses were possible as the studies did not report on comparable prognostic factors.</p><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.6.1"><h5>Prognostic factors for recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in children</h5><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.6.1.1"><h5>Anatomical factors</h5><p>The evidence showed that presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) breach or fistula was strongly associated with an increased risk of recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in children.</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.6.1.2"><h5>Immunological factors</h5><p>The evidence showed that presence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was strongly associated with an increased risk of recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in children.</p><p>There was no evidence of an increased risk of recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in the evidence reviewed for children with unspecified primary or complement C3 immunodeficiency, HIV infection, leukaemia, myelodysplastic disease, unspecified immunodeficiency, sickle cell disease, Williams-Beuren syndrome, congenital encephalopathy, Down’s syndrome, prematurity, congenital heart disease, autoimmune hepatitis, or asplenia (without sickle cell disease). There was no evidence of an increased risk of recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in the evidence reviewed for children with the following combinations of immunological prognostic factors: Sickle cell disease and autoimmune hepatitis; congenital heart defect and asplenia; or congenital heart disease and William-Beuren syndrome.</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.6.1.3"><h5>Material factors</h5><p>There was no evidence of an increased risk of recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in the evidence reviewed for children with cochlear implant or derivation valve.</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.6.1.4"><h5>Combination of different types of factors</h5><p>The evidence showed that presence of CSF breach and being born premature as well as CSF breach and unspecified immunodeficiency were strongly associated with an increased risk of recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in children.</p><p>There was no evidence of an increased risk of recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in the evidence reviewed for children with the following combinations of prognostic factors: valve and undefined immunodeficiency; and CSF breach, cochlear implant and prematurity. The quality of the evidence for all the above prognostic factors was very low.</p></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.6.2"><h5>Prognostic factors for recurrent bacterial meningitis in adults</h5><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.6.2.1"><h5>Anatomical factors</h5><p>The evidence showed that presence of CSF leak, remote head injury or neurosurgery (more than 1 month before the onset of meningitis) and recent neurosurgery (within 1 month of the onset of meningitis) were strongly associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis in adults.</p></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.6.3"><h5>Prognostic factors for recurrent bacterial meningitis in an undefined age range</h5><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.6.3.1"><h5>Anatomical factors</h5><p>The evidence showed that presence of head trauma (old and recent combined) was strongly associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis in a population where age was not reported; however, the quality of the evidence was very low.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.7"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.7.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>A single economic search was undertaken for all topics included in the scope of this guideline, but no economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question. See the literature search strategy in <a href="#niceng195er14.appb">appendix B</a> and economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng195er14.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.8"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation. This was because this topic was an epidemiological review which does not involve a comparison of competing courses of action.</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.9"><h4>The committee's discussion and interpretation of the evidence</h4><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.9.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>This review aimed to identify risk factors for recurrent bacterial meningitis; therefore, risk ratios and odds ratios for recurrence of bacterial meningitis were selected as the critical outcomes. No other outcomes were included.</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.9.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE methodology. The evidence for the prognostic factors identified in this review was very low quality and the reasons for downgrading the evidence were risk of bias (arising from study participation, subjective measurement of the outcome, and failure to adjust for confounding factors) and imprecision due to a very low number of events.</p><p>Evidence was found for anatomic prognostic factors (head trauma/injury, neurosurgery and CSF leak, breach or fistula), immunologic prognostic factors (unspecified primary/secondary/complement C3 deficiency, HIV infection, leukaemia, myelodysplastic disease, sickle cell disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Williams-Beuren syndrome, congenital encephalopathy, Down’s syndrome, prematurity, congenital heart disease, autoimmune hepatitis, asplenia (without sickle cell disease), sickle cell disease and autoimmune hepatitis, congenital heart defect and asplenia, congenital heart defect and William-Beuren syndrome), combination of prognostic factors (CSF breach and prematurity, CSF breach and immunodeficiency, valve and undefined immunolodeficiency, CSF breach, cochlear implant and prematurity) and material prognostic factors (cochlear implant, derivation valve).</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.9.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>The committee were concerned that the number of people with some of the prognostic factors of interest and the number of people with recurrent bacterial meningitis (in both those with and without the prognostic factors) was very small. Therefore, in some instances the associations, or lack thereof, found in the evidence are based on only 1 person having the prognostic factor of interest. The committee agreed that the prognostic factors and recurrent bacterial meningitis are both sufficiently rare that the sample sizes of the included studies were not large enough to give reliable results, and it was likely that estimated effects would be different even if there were only very small changes in the number of events. This led to the evidence being downgraded, as discussed above. The committee also discussed that recurrent bacterial meningitis due to immunological factors is rarely reported in the literature as people with known immunodeficiency will receive interventions to prevent recurrent infections, including bacterial meningitis, such that future episodes rarely occur. This may provide some explanation of the low number of events and few included studies reported in the literature. As a result, the committee did not have confidence in the findings of the evidence reviewed and made recommendations based on their knowledge and experience. They also agreed it was important to consider the factors that increase susceptibility to infection more broadly than just those that are associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis.</p><p>For the majority of the immunological factors, there was no evidence of an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis in the evidence reviewed. However, the estimated effects were very seriously imprecise due to the small number of events so this should not be taken as definitive evidence that there was no association between these factors and recurrent bacterial meningitis. As discussed above, the committee did not have confidence in these findings and, in their experience, primary or secondary immunodeficiency (for example due to HIV, congenital complement deficiency or acquired inhibition, splenectomy or splenic dysfunction, or hypogammaglobulinaemia) would increase risk of infections, including bacterial meningitis and, therefore, would be associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis in the absence of interventions to prevent future recurrence. Similarly, the committee agreed that communication between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and external surface, for example caused by prior trauma or surgery or a congenital abnormality, would also increase risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis, which was supported by the current evidence showing a strong association between all the anatomical factors reported in the evidence (CSF leak, breach or fistula, head injury and neurosurgery) and recurrent bacterial meningitis. The committee agreed it was important to highlight that these factors are associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis to help identify people who may require intervention (such as prophylactic antibiotics and vaccination against pathogens that can cause bacterial meningitis) to prevent the occurrence of future episodes of bacterial meningitis.</p><p>The committee agreed it was important to also make recommendations about the actions that should be taken following both a first episode and a recurrent episode of bacterial meningitis to identify the factors presented above. The committee agreed that it was necessary to recommend actions that should be taken after a first episode to identify people at risk of a future episode so that interventions can be initiated early with the aim of preventing future episodes, rather than waiting for a second, potentially preventable, episode to occur. However, there were some differences in the actions recommended following first and recurrent episodes, as they agreed that the likelihood of factors that increase susceptibility to infection being present would be greater in those that have already had a recurrent episode compared with those who have had a single episode.</p><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.9.3.1"><h5>People with a first episode of bacterial meningitis</h5><p>The committee were aware, based on their knowledge and experience that the risk of infections is higher in people with HIV. For example, they were aware of evidence that the risk of pneumococcal infections (Brouwer 2010) is higher in people with HIV compared with people who are HIV negative. The committee discussed that it is common practice to offer a HIV test to adults with a serious infection, such as bacterial meningitis, so recommended this should be done following a first episode of bacterial meningitis. However, they agreed they would be less likely to suspect HIV in babies and children with meningitis due, in part, to behaviours that increase risk of HIV being uncommon in these age groups. Therefore, routine HIV testing in babies and children with a first episode of bacterial meningitis was not recommended, but the committee agreed it should be considered where there are signs of immunodeficiency and risk factors for HIV, such as being from a country with a high rate of HIV infection (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref7" rid="niceng195er14.ref7">NICE 2016</a>). The committee agreed that signs of immunodeficiency alone would be more likely to indicate primary immunodeficiency than presence of HIV in babies and children. The committee did not include neonates in this recommendation as they were not aware of any link between HIV and neonatal meningitis.</p><p>In the committee’s view, rates of immunodeficiency in babies and children presenting with a first episode of pneumococcal meningitis are likely to be higher than in the general population because it would suggest a lack of immune response to routine pneumococcal vaccination, assuming they had the vaccination as recommended by the UK immunisation schedule (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref9" rid="niceng195er14.ref9">UK Health Security Agency 2022</a>) and the meningitis was caused by a serotype covered by the vaccine. This was supported by some evidence that the committee were aware of that primary immunodeficiency is present in 8 to 26% of children with invasive pneumococcal disease (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref4" rid="niceng195er14.ref4">Bijker 2022</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref5" rid="niceng195er14.ref5">Gaschignard 2014</a>). Therefore, they recommended that neonates, babies and children with a first episode of pneumococcal meningitis should be referred to a paediatric immunology and infectious disease specialist to consider the possibility of primary immunodeficiency. The committee did not extend this recommendation to cover adults, as they were not aware of any evidence of higher rates of primary immunodeficiency in adults with single episodes of invasive pneumococcal disease.</p><p>Based on their experience, the committee agreed that clinicians should examine the scalp and spine of neonates, babies, and young children with bacterial meningitis to check for the presence of an anatomical defect, such as a sinus tract. The committee recommended that this should be done after a single episode of bacterial meningitis as it can be done relatively easily and would not be resource intensive. The committee did not recommend this action in older children or adults, despite the evidence of an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis associated with anatomical factors discussed above being present in all age groups, because they agreed it would be unusual for anomalies of this type to go undetected for that length of time. The committee also recommended taking a history of head trauma, surgery, or CSF leak in all age groups to help identify anatomical risk factors.</p><p>Finally, the committee recommended that a detailed immunisation and drug history should be taken. They agreed taking an immunisation history was important to identify both people who have not had routine vaccinations for pathogens associated with bacterial meningitis (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis), in which vaccination uptake may help prevent future occurrences, and people who may have not responded to vaccination, indicating possible immunodeficiency as discussed above. Similarly, taking a drug history is important because there are several immunomodulatory drugs that may suppress the immune system increasing susceptibility to infections in general, such as high dose steroids, and infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis specifically, in the case of eculizumab (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref6" rid="niceng195er14.ref6">Joint Formulary Committee 2022</a>).</p></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.9.3.2"><h5>People with a recurrent episode of bacterial meningitis</h5><p>The committee agreed that people with recurrent meningitis should be reviewed by appropriate immunology and infection specialists (paediatric immunology and infectious disease specialist for neonates, babies, and children, and adult infection specialist or immunologist for adults) to seek advice on treating the current episode and to identify what action is needed to reduce the risk of further recurrence. They could not make recommendations about what further investigations or interventions would be needed as the accuracy of investigations for identifying immunodeficiency, or the effectiveness of interventions to reduce recurrence, were not reviewed as part of this guideline. However, they discussed that the further action would be guided by the specialist and would likely involve investigations for primary and secondary immunodeficiency, and consideration of vaccinations and other interventions to manage the risk associated with any identified immunodeficiency. They agreed it was necessary to specify the roles involved based on their experience that sometimes people are incorrectly referred to immunological laboratories which can cause delays.</p><p>Several of the recommendations the committee made regarding recurrent bacterial meningitis were the same as or similar to those made following a single episode of meningitis. The committee agreed that a detailed immunisation and drug history should be taken, and neonates, babies, and young children should be examined for anatomical defects, as per the recommendations above. However, they agreed that if there has been a recurrent episode of bacterial meningitis, it would be important to take further action to investigate for a CSF leak, as opposed to just taking a history. As the evidence regarding the accuracy of investigations for identifying CSF leaks was not reviewed as part of this guideline, the committee could not recommend specific investigations that should be done. Therefore, they recommended that specialist radiological advice about investigations for a CSF leak should be sought. They discussed that, ideally, advice would come from a neuroradiologist, but they did not think it was appropriate to specify this as they may not be available at all hospitals, so specifying this role could cause delays and difficulty in implementing the recommendation. Similarly, they recommended that adults with recurrent bacterial meningitis are offered a HIV test. However, they agreed that this should also be offered to babies and children with recurrent bacterial meningitis, in the absence of additional risk factors for HIV due to the increased likelihood of there being an underlying immunodeficiency in people with recurrent bacterial meningitis discussed above.</p><p>The committee were aware that there are other recurrent conditions that may be mistaken for bacterial meningitis, such as Mollaret’s lymphocytic meningitis. The committee agreed it was important to flag that there may be non-bacterial aetiologies where a bacterial cause is suspected but not confirmed to both facilitate a diagnosis to prevent further episodes recurring and to minimise the use of investigations or interventions, including antibiotics, for the wrong condition.</p></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.9.4"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>This review question was not prioritised for economic analysis and therefore the committee made a qualitative assessment of the likely cost-effectiveness of their recommendations. The committee noted that the number of episodes of recurrent bacterial meningitis was small relative to all episodes of bacterial meningitis. Further, the recommendations do not fundamentally change current practice and no significant resource impact to the NHS is anticipated.</p><p>The committee considered that highlighting risk factors associated with recurrent bacterial meningitis would promote awareness which in turn would facilitate more timely, appropriate, and cost-effective management. The committee considered that their management recommendations for recurrent bacterial meningitis were generally low cost and likely to be cost-effective given the anticipated benefits of such measures.</p></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.s1.1.10"><h4>Recommendations supported by this evidence review</h4><p>This evidence review supports recommendations 1.14.9 to 1.14.11 and 1.14.29 to 1.14.34. Other evidence supporting these recommendations can be found in the evidence review on factors associated with recurrent meningococcal disease.</p></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.rl.r1"><h3>References - included studies</h3><ul class="simple-list"><div id="niceng195er14.rl.r1.1"><h4>Prognostic</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng195er14.ref1"><p id="p-119">
|
|
<strong>Carpenter 1962</strong>
|
|
</p>Carpenter
|
|
R. R and Petersdorf
|
|
R. G. The clinical spectrum of bacterial meningitis. American Journal of Medicine
|
|
33(2): 262–275, 1962
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13876790" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 13876790</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng195er14.ref2"><p id="p-120">
|
|
<strong>Durand 1993</strong>
|
|
</p>Durand
|
|
M. L, Calderwood
|
|
S. B, Weber
|
|
D. J
|
|
et al
|
|
Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes. New England journal of medicine
|
|
328(1): 21-Aug, 1993 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8416268" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8416268</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng195er14.ref3"><p id="p-121">
|
|
<strong>Henaff 2017</strong>
|
|
</p>Henaff
|
|
F, Levy
|
|
C, Cohen
|
|
R
|
|
et al
|
|
Risk factors in children older than 5 years with pneumococcal meningitis: Data from a national network. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|
|
36(5): 457–461, 2017
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28403047" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28403047</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="niceng195er14.rl.r1.2"><h4>Economic</h4><ul class="simple-list"><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></ul></div><div id="niceng195er14.rl.r1.3"><h4>Other</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng195er14.ref4"><p id="p-123">
|
|
<strong>Bijker 2022</strong>
|
|
</p>Bijker
|
|
E. M., Bateman
|
|
E. A. L., Trück
|
|
J., Patel
|
|
P., Kelly
|
|
D. F., Screening for Immunodeficiencies in Children With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: Six-year Experience From a UK Children’s Hospital, The Pediatric Infection Disease Journal, 41(7), 575–578, 2022 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35421038" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35421038</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng195er14.ref5"><p id="p-124">
|
|
<strong>Gaschignard 2014</strong>
|
|
</p>Gaschignard
|
|
J., Levy
|
|
C., Chrabieh
|
|
M., Boisson
|
|
B., Bost-Bru
|
|
C., Dauger
|
|
S., Dubos
|
|
F., Durand
|
|
P., Gaudelus
|
|
J., Gendrel
|
|
G., Gras Le Guen
|
|
C., Grimpel
|
|
E., Guyon
|
|
G., Jeudy
|
|
C., Jeziorski
|
|
E., Leclerc
|
|
F., Léger
|
|
P. L., Lesage
|
|
F., Lorrot
|
|
M., Pellier
|
|
I., Pinquier
|
|
D., de Pontual
|
|
L., Sachs
|
|
P., Thomas
|
|
C., Tissières
|
|
P., Valla
|
|
F. V., Desprez
|
|
P., Frémeaux-Bacchi
|
|
V., Varon
|
|
E., Bossuyt
|
|
X., Cohen
|
|
R., Abel
|
|
L., Casanova
|
|
J. L., Puel
|
|
A., Picard
|
|
C., Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children Can Reveal a Primary Immunodeficiency, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59, 244–251, 2014
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4102913/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4102913</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24759830" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24759830</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng195er14.ref6"><p id="p-125">
|
|
<strong>Joint Formulary Committee 2022</strong>
|
|
</p>Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary (online). London: BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. Available at: <a href="http://www.medicinescomplete.com" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.medicinescomplete.com</a> [Accessed 04/04/2022]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng195er14.ref7"><p id="p-126">
|
|
<strong>NICE 2016</strong>
|
|
</p>National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016). HIV testing: increasing uptake among people who may have undiagnosed HIV. Available at: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng60" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng60</a> [Accessed 08/08/2022]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng195er14.ref8"><p id="p-127">
|
|
<strong>Reefhuis 2003</strong>
|
|
</p>Reefhuis
|
|
J., Honein
|
|
M. A., Whitney
|
|
C. G., Chamany
|
|
S., Mann
|
|
E. A., Biernath
|
|
K., R., Broder, K., Manning, S., Avashia, S., Victor, M., Costa, P., Devine, O., Risk of Bacterial Meningitis in Children with Cochlear Implants, New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 435–445, 2003
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12890842" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12890842</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng195er14.ref9"><p id="p-128">
|
|
<strong>UK Health Security Agency 2022</strong>
|
|
</p>UK Health Security Agency (2022). UK immunisation schedule: the green book, chapter 11. Available at: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/immunisation-schedule-the-green-book-chapter-11" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov.uk/government<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/publications<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/immunisation-schedule-the-green-book-chapter-11</a> [Accessed 08/08/22]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng195er14.ref10"><p id="p-129">
|
|
<strong>Wall 2014</strong>
|
|
</p>Wall
|
|
C. E., Everett
|
|
D. B., Mukaka
|
|
M., Bar-Zeev
|
|
N., Feasey
|
|
N., Jahn
|
|
A., Moore
|
|
M., van Oosterhout
|
|
J. J., Pensalo
|
|
P., Baguimira
|
|
K., Gordon
|
|
S. B., Molyneux
|
|
E. M., Carrol
|
|
E. D., French
|
|
N., Molyneux
|
|
M. E., Heyderman
|
|
R. S., Bacterial meningitis in Malawian adults, adolescents, and children during the era of antiretroviral scale-up and <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> type b vaccination, 2000–2012, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 58, e137–45, 2014
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4001285/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4001285</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24496208" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24496208</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></ul></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng195er14.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocol</h3><p id="niceng195er14.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK604285/bin/niceng195er14-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Review protocol for review question: What factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 257K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng195er14.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p id="niceng195er14.appb.et1"><a href="/books/NBK604285/bin/niceng195er14-appb-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Literature search strategies for review question: what factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 250K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng195er14.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Prognostic evidence study selection</h3><p id="niceng195er14.appc.et1"><a href="/books/NBK604285/bin/niceng195er14-appc-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (228K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng195er14.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng195er14.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK604285/bin/niceng195er14-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Evidence tables for review question: What factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 287K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng195er14.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="niceng195er14.appe.s1"><h4>Forest plots for review question: What factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</h4><p>No meta-analysis was conducted for this review question and so there are no forest plots.</p></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p id="niceng195er14.appf.et1"><a href="/books/NBK604285/bin/niceng195er14-appf-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">GRADE tables for review question: What factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 244K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng195er14.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><p id="niceng195er14.appg.et1"><a href="/books/NBK604285/bin/niceng195er14-appg-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Study selection for: What factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 121K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng195er14.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="niceng195er14.apph.s1"><h4>Economic evidence tables for review question: What factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</h4><p>No evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Economic model</h3><div id="niceng195er14.appi.s1"><h4>Economic model for review question: What factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</h4><p>No economic analysis was conducted for this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng195er14.appj.s1"><h4>Excluded studies for review question: What factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</h4><div id="niceng195er14.appj.s1.1"><h5>Excluded prognostic studies</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng195er14appjtab1"><a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 11" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobniceng195er14appjtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng195er14.appj.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng195er14appjtab1">Table 11</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.appj.s1.2"><h5>Excluded economic studies</h5><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng195er14.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Research recommendations - full details</h3><div id="niceng195er14.appk.s1"><h4>Research recommendations for review question: What factors (individually or in combination) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent bacterial meningitis?</h4><p>No research recommendation was made for this review.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence review underpinning recommendations 1.14.9 to 1.14.11 and 1.14.29 to 1.14.34 in the NICE guideline</p><p>This evidence review was developed by NICE</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="https://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2024.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK604285</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38896766" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">38896766</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng195er14tab1"><div id="niceng195er14.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng195er14.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Population</b>
|
|
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All adults, young people, children and babies (including neonates defined as aged 28 days old and younger) with recurrent bacterial meningitis</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Prognostic factors</b>
|
|
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Any risk factors, alone or in combination</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Comparison</b>
|
|
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absence of risk factor(s)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<b>Outcome</b>
|
|
</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Critical</b>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Risk ratios for recurrence of bacterial meningitis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Odds ratios* for recurrence of bacterial meningitis</div></li></ul>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>*adjusted odds ratios will be included where multivariate analyses are available</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Important</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>None</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng195er14tab2"><div id="niceng195er14.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng195er14.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prognostic factor</th><th id="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref1" rid="niceng195er14.ref1">Carpenter 1962</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=209</p>
|
|
<p>n=8 with recurrent bacterial meningitis</p>
|
|
<p>Participants who presented with bacterial meningitis</p>
|
|
<p>Age and other sociodemographics: NR</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anatomic factor:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>head trauma (old and recent combined)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>recurrence of bacterial meningitis</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>No sociodemographic characteristics of the population reported</p>
|
|
<p>No multivariate analysis</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref2" rid="niceng195er14.ref2">Durand 1993</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=440</p>
|
|
<p>n=36 with recurrent bacterial meningitis</p>
|
|
<p>Patients 16 years of age or older with acute (less than 7 days of symptoms) bacterial meningitis and a definite or probable bacterial cause</p>
|
|
<p>Age (mean [range]): 56% of the episodes in the community-acquired meningitis group were in those 50 years or older [16–88]; age of those in the nosocomial meningitis group not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anatomic factors:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSF leak</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>remote head injury or neurosurgery (more than 1 month before the onset of meningitis)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>recent neurosurgery (within 1 month of the onset of meningitis</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>recurrence of bacterial meningitis</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No multivariate analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng195er14.ref3" rid="niceng195er14.ref3">Henaff 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>France</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=315</p>
|
|
<p>n=34 with recurrent pneumococcal meningitis</p>
|
|
<p>Children aged 5 to 15 years with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis</p>
|
|
<p>Age (years, median [IQR]): 9 [7–12] for the period 2001–2009 and 10 [7–13] for the period 2010–2013</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anatomic factors:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSF breach or fistula</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
<p>Immunologic factors:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>unspecified primary immunodeficiency</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>complement C3 deficiency</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>HIV infection</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>leukaemia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Myelodysplastic disease</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>unspecified secondary immunodeficiency</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>sickle cell disease</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>congenital adrenal hyperplasia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Williams-Beuren syndrome</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>congenital encephalopathy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Down’s syndrome</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>prematurity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>congenital heart disease</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>autoimmune hepatitis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>asplenia (without sickle cell disease)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>sickle cell disease and autoimmune hepatitis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>congenital heart defect and asplenia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>congenital heart defect and William-Beuren syndrome</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
<p>Combination of factors:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSF breach and born premature</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSF breach and immunodeficiency</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>valve and undefined immunolodeficiency</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CSF breach, cochlear implant and born premature</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
<p>Material factors:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>cochlear implant</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>derivation valve</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>recurrence of pneumococcal meningitis</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No multivariate analysis</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; IQR: interquartile range; NR: not reported</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng195er14appjtab1"><div id="niceng195er14.appj.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK604285/table/niceng195er14.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng195er14.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Adriani
|
|
K. S, van de Beek
|
|
D, Brouwer
|
|
M. C
|
|
et al (2007) Community-acquired recurrent bacterial meningitis in adults. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|
|
45(5): e46–51
|
|
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17682979" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17682979</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Alsina
|
|
L, Basteiro
|
|
M. G, De Paz
|
|
H. D
|
|
et al (2015) Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease in children: Underlying clinical conditions, and immunological and microbiological characteristics. PloS one
|
|
10 (3) [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4349703/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4349703</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738983" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25738983</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [less than 50% of the population with meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Anderson
|
|
J. P. (1969) Recurrent virus meningitis. British Medical Journal
|
|
4(5686): 786
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1630305/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1630305</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5359945" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5359945</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Anonymous (1966) Recurrent meningitis. Lancet
|
|
2(7459): 379 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4161727" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4161727</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [an annotation]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Anonymous (2018) Erratum: Utility of magnetic resonance cisternography with intrathecal gadolinium in detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistula associated with Mondini dysplasia in a patient with recurrent meningitis: Case report and literature review (Surgical Neurology International (2018) 9 (92) DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_449_17). Surgical Neurology International 9 (1) [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5938894/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5938894</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29770252" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29770252</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.4103/sni.sni_449_17" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [erratum]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Barrett Connor
|
|
E. (1971) Bacterial infection and sickle cell anemia. An analysis of 250 infections in 166 patients and a review of the literature. Medicine
|
|
50(2): 97–112 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4944120" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4944120</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [less than 50% of the population with meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bloom
|
|
A. (1964) Recurrent Meningitis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
|
|
57: 592 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1898464/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1898464</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14178944" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14178944</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Butters
|
|
C, Phuong
|
|
L. K, Cole
|
|
T
|
|
et al (2019) Prevalence of Immunodeficiency in Children with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Pneumococcal Vaccine Era: A Systematic Review. JAMA Pediatrics
|
|
173(11): 1084–1094
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31566672" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31566672</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [potentially relevant studies from this review were assessed for eligibility]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Carr
|
|
R. (1974) Radiological aspects of recurrent meningitis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
|
|
67(11): 1147–50
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1646004/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1646004</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4548193" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4548193</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case series]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cho
|
|
T. A and Venna
|
|
N. (2010) Management of acute, recurrent, and chronic meningitides in adults. Neurologic Clinics
|
|
28(4): 1061–1088
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20816277" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20816277</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Coccia
|
|
M. R, Facklam
|
|
R. R, Saravolatz
|
|
L. D
|
|
et al (1998) Recurrent pneumococcal bacteremia: 34 episodes in 15 patients. Clinical infectious diseases
|
|
26(4): 982–5
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9564486" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9564486</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [less than 50% of the population with meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Conger
|
|
J. D, Edwards
|
|
E. A, Jacoby
|
|
W. J
|
|
et al (1971) Recurrent bacterial meningitis: immunologic observations. Military Medicine
|
|
136(3): 248–51
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5005401" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5005401</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Damodaran
|
|
A, Aneja
|
|
S, Malhotra
|
|
V. L
|
|
et al (1996) Sensorineural hearing loss following acute bacterial meningitis - A prospective evaluation. Indian Pediatrics
|
|
33(9): 763–766
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9057404" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9057404</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Deveci
|
|
O, Uysal
|
|
C, Varol
|
|
S
|
|
et al (2015) Evaluation of posttraumatic recurrent bacterial meningitis in adults. Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi = Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery: TJTESUlus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg
|
|
21(4): 261–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26374412" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26374412</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dorand
|
|
R.D and Adams
|
|
G. (1976) Relapse during penicillin treatment of group B streptococcal meningitis. Journal of Pediatrics
|
|
89(2): 188–190
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/781198" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 781198</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Drummond
|
|
D. S, De Jong
|
|
A. L, Giannoni
|
|
C
|
|
et al (1999) Recurrent meningitis in the pediatric patient - The Otolaryngologist’s role. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|
|
48(3): 199–208
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10402116" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10402116</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case series]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Einarsdottir
|
|
H.M, Erlendsdottir
|
|
H, Kristinsson
|
|
K.G
|
|
et al (2005) Nationwide study of recurrent invasive pneumococcal infections in a population with a low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinical Microbiology and Infection
|
|
11(9): 744–749
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16104990" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16104990</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [less than 50% of the population with meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Eljamel
|
|
M. S and Foy
|
|
P. M. (1990) Acute traumatic CSF fistulae: the risk of intracranial infection. British journal of neurosurgery
|
|
4(5): 381–5
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2261099" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2261099</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not of interest for review [Data for risk factors not presented for those with and without recurrence]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Etuwewe
|
|
O. M, Swann
|
|
N, Hollingshead
|
|
S
|
|
et al (2009) Effect of recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease on serum anti-pneumolysin IgG titres in HIV infected adults. Vaccine
|
|
27(29): 3881–4
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2791880/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2791880</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19376181" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19376181</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Federico
|
|
G, Tumbarello
|
|
M, Spanu
|
|
T
|
|
et al (2001) Risk factors and prognostic indicators of bacterial meningitis in a cohort of 3580 postneurosurgical patients. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
|
|
33(7): 533–7
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11515765" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11515765</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not of interest for review [compares risk factors for nosocomial bacterial meningitis infection between those with meningitis/central nervous system infections and those without an infection]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Font
|
|
B, Lliminana
|
|
C, Fontanals
|
|
D
|
|
et al (2001) Eleven-year study of recurrent pneumococcal bacteremia. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious DiseasesEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
|
|
20(9): 636–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11714044" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11714044</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [participants with pneumonia/empyema]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Franco
|
|
S. M; Cornelius
|
|
V. E; Andrews
|
|
B. F. (1992) Long-term outcome of neonatal meningitis. American Journal of Diseases of Children
|
|
146(5): 567–71
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1621658" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1621658</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not of interest for review [compares participants with meningitis with those without meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Freudenhammer
|
|
M, Karampatsas
|
|
K, Le Doare
|
|
K
|
|
et al (2021) Invasive Group B Streptococcus Disease With Recurrence and in Multiples: Towards a Better Understanding of GBS Late-Onset Sepsis. Frontiers in Immunology
|
|
12: 617925
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8208644/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8208644</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34149682" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34149682</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [less than 50% of the population with meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Friedland
|
|
I. R and Klugman
|
|
K. P. (1991) Recurrent penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis after chloramphenicol therapy. Pediatric infectious disease journal
|
|
10(9): 705–707
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1923686" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1923686</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Friedman
|
|
J. A; Ebersold
|
|
M. J; Quast
|
|
L. M. (2001) Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage. World Journal of Surgery
|
|
25(8): 1062–6
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11571972" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11571972</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate [reports the same data as in the original study Friedman 2000]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Friedman
|
|
J. A; Ebersold
|
|
M. J; Quast
|
|
L. M. (2000) Persistent posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Neurosurgical focus
|
|
9(1): e1 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16859263" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16859263</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review [Not possible to calculate risk of recurrence]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gibson
|
|
R. M and Kurukchy
|
|
T. (1974) Neurosurgical aspects of recurrent meningitis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
|
|
67(11): 1150–4
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1646007/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1646007</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4373741" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4373741</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ginsberg
|
|
L. (2004) Difficult and recurrent meningitis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry
|
|
75(suppl1) [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1765649/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1765649</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14978146" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14978146</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review and case series]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ginsberg
|
|
L and Kidd
|
|
D. (2008) Chronic and recurrent meningitis. Practical Neurology
|
|
8(6): 348–361
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19015295" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19015295</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gold
|
|
A. J; Lieberman
|
|
E; Wright
|
|
H. T
|
|
Jr. (1969) Bacteriologie relapse during ampicillin treatment of hemophilias influenzae meningitis. Journal of pediatrics
|
|
74(5): 135–141 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5305115" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5305115</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gold
|
|
A. J, Lieberman
|
|
E, Wright
|
|
H. T
|
|
et al (1969) Bacteriologic relapse during ampicillin treatment of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. Journal of pediatrics
|
|
74(5): 779–81
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5305115" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5305115</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Green
|
|
P.A, Singh
|
|
K.V, Murray
|
|
B.E
|
|
et al (1994) Recurrent group B streptococcal infections in infants: Clinical and microbiologic aspects. Journal of Pediatrics
|
|
125(6i): 931–938
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7996368" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7996368</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case series (also <50% had meningitis)]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Grimwood
|
|
K and Dawson
|
|
K. P. (1982) Management of acute bacterial meningitis in childhood. New Zealand Medical Journal
|
|
95(713): 545–548
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6752782" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6752782</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Haeney
|
|
M. R; Ball
|
|
A. P; Thompson
|
|
R. A. (1981) Recurrent bacterial meningitis due to genetic deficiencies of terminal complement components (C5 and C6). Immunobiology
|
|
158(01feb): 101–106 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7193645" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7193645</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hand
|
|
W. L and Sanford
|
|
J. P. (1970) Posttraumatic bacterial meningitis. Annals of internal medicine
|
|
72(6): 869–874
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5448746" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5448746</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case series]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hermans
|
|
P. E; Goldstein
|
|
N. P; Wellman
|
|
W. E. (1972) Mollaret’s meningitis and differential diagnosis of recurrent meningitis. Report of case, with review of the literature. The American journal of medicine
|
|
52(1): 128–140
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4111896" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4111896</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [population with Mollaret’s meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hetem
|
|
D. J, Woerdeman
|
|
P. A, Bonten
|
|
M. J
|
|
et al (2010) Relationship between bacterial colonization of external cerebrospinal fluid drains and secondary meningitis: a retrospective analysis of an 8-year period. Journal of NeurosurgeryJ Neurosurg
|
|
113(6): 1309–13
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20597602" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20597602</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [secondary meningitis refers to meningitis following another illness/event (in this case, meningitis following having a CSF drain), rather than a second/recurrent episode of meningitis following a first episode]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hirtz
|
|
D. G. (1997) Febrile seizures. Pediatrics in Review
|
|
18(1): 5–8; quiz 9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8993063" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8993063</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hosoglu
|
|
S, Ayaz
|
|
C, Ceviz
|
|
A
|
|
et al (1997) Recurrent bacterial meningitis: a 6-year experience in adult patients. Journal of Infection
|
|
35(1): 55–62
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9279725" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9279725</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case series]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Janocha-Litwin
|
|
J and Simon
|
|
K. (2013) Recurrent meningitis--a review of current literature. Przeglad EpidemiologicznyPrzegl Epidemiol
|
|
67(1): 41–5, 125 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23745374" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23745374</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jones
|
|
H. M. (1974) The problem of recurrent meningitis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
|
|
67(11): 1141–7
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1646039/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1646039</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4438297" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4438297</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case series]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Khan
|
|
I. A. (1972) Recurrent meningitis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
|
|
65(4): 370–2
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1644200/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1644200</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5024521" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5024521</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Khuri-Bulos
|
|
N. (1973) Meningococcal meningitis following rifampin prophylaxis. American Journal of Diseases of Children
|
|
126(5): 689–91
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4200808" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4200808</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kirkpatrick
|
|
B; Reeves
|
|
D.S; Macgowan
|
|
A.P. (1994) A review of the clinical presentation, laboratory features, antimicrobial therapy and outcome of 77 episodes of pneumococcal meningitis occurring in children and adults. Journal of Infection
|
|
29(2): 171–182
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7806880" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7806880</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not of interest for review [no comparative data on risk factors between those with and without recurrence]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Klemola
|
|
E. (1970) Recurrent virus meningitis. British Medical Journal
|
|
1(5695): 564 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1699565/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1699565</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5435198" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5435198</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [letter to the editor]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kline
|
|
M. W. (1989) Review of recurrent bacterial meningitis. Pediatric infectious disease journal
|
|
8(9): 630–4
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2677957" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2677957</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kline
|
|
M. W. (1992) Recurrent bacterial meningitis. Antibiotics & ChemotherapyAntibiot Chemother
|
|
45: 254–61 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1610137" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1610137</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Korinek
|
|
A. M, Baugnon
|
|
T, Golmard
|
|
J. L
|
|
et al (2006) Risk factors for adult nosocomial meningitis after craniotomy: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. Neurosurgery
|
|
59(1): 126–33; discussion 126 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16823308" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16823308</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kushnick
|
|
T. (1972) Recurrent meningitis. Clinical Pediatrics
|
|
11(5): 308–9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4555039" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4555039</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lai
|
|
L. T, Trooboff
|
|
S, Morgan
|
|
M. K
|
|
et al (2014) The risk of meningitis following expanded endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: a systematic review. Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull BaseJ
|
|
75(1): 18–26 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3912147/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3912147</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24498585" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24498585</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lee
|
|
S. J, Cohen
|
|
J, Chan
|
|
J
|
|
et al (2020) Infectious Complications of Expanded Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of 100 Cases. Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull BaseJ
|
|
81(5): 497–504 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7591357/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7591357</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33134016" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33134016</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review [Risk of developing first episode of meningitis, not recurrent meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lieb
|
|
G. (1997) Recurrent bacterial meningitis. Alpe Adria Microbiology Journal
|
|
6(4): 243–252
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lieb
|
|
G, Krauss
|
|
J, Collmann
|
|
H
|
|
et al (1996) Recurrent bacterial meningitis. European Journal of Pediatrics
|
|
155(1): 26–30
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8750806" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8750806</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lund
|
|
E. (1964) Recurrent cases of pneumococcal meningitis. Acta Path microbiolscand61(3): 491–492 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14164898" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14164898</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case series]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
MacGee
|
|
E. E; Cauthen
|
|
J. C; Brackett
|
|
C. E. (1970) Meningitis following acute traumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Journal of Neurosurgery
|
|
33(3): 312–6
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5457642" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5457642</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [less than 50% of the population with meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Maitra
|
|
S and Ghosh
|
|
S. K. (1989) Recurrent pyogenic meningitis. A retrospective study. Quarterly Journal of Medicine
|
|
73(270): 919–929
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2629024" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2629024</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review [All had recurrent meningitis, so cannot calculate risk of recurrence]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Merino
|
|
J, Rodriguez-Valverde
|
|
V, Lamelas
|
|
J. A
|
|
et al (1983) Prevalence of deficits of complement components in patients with recurrent meningococcal infections. Journal of infectious diseases
|
|
148(2): 331
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6886492" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6886492</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [abstract]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mollaret
|
|
P. (1968) Acute recurrent bacterial meningitis, mostly from pneumococci and sometimes from nteningococci franchi. Expansion Sci fkanc: 217–224
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Morel
|
|
J, Casoetto
|
|
J, Jospe
|
|
R
|
|
et al (2010) Deescalation as part of a global strategy of empiric antibiotherapy management. A retrospective study in a medico-surgical intensive care unit. Critical Care
|
|
14 (6) [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3219998/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3219998</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21167047" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21167047</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [less than 50% of the population had meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Moroti
|
|
R, Olaru
|
|
I. D, Niculae
|
|
C. M
|
|
et al (2018) Predisposing conditions and outcome in adult patients with recurrent pneumococcal meningitis. Neurology Asia
|
|
23(4): 313–317
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mufson
|
|
M.A, Hao
|
|
J.B, Stanek
|
|
R.J
|
|
et al (2012) Clinical features of patients with recurrent invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease. American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|
|
343(4): 303–309
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21934596" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21934596</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [less than 50% of the population with meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nottidge
|
|
V. A. (1981) Pneumococcal meningitis in childhood. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics
|
|
8(3): 65–69
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ozdirim
|
|
E. (1981) Recurrent meningitis in childhood. (Hacettepe series of 53 cases). Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
|
|
23(1): 29–36
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7342394" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7342394</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Petersen
|
|
B. H, Lee
|
|
T. J, Snyderman
|
|
R
|
|
et al (1979) Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteremia associated with C6, C7, or C8 deficiency. Annals of internal medicine
|
|
90(6): 917–20
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/109025" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 109025</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [a mix of narrative review and case reports]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pikis
|
|
A, Kavaliotis
|
|
J, Tsikoulas
|
|
J
|
|
et al (1996) Long-term sequelae of pneumococcal meningitis in children. Clinical Pediatrics
|
|
35(2): 72–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8775479" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8775479</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Platonov
|
|
A. E, Beloborodov
|
|
V. B, Gabrilovitch
|
|
D. I
|
|
et al (1992) Immunological evaluation of late complement component-deficient individuals. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology
|
|
64(2): 98–105
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1643749" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1643749</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Potter
|
|
P. C, Frasch
|
|
C. E, van der Sande
|
|
W. J
|
|
et al (1990) Prophylaxis against Neisseria meningitidis infections and antibody responses in patients with deficiency of the sixth component of complement. Journal of infectious diseases
|
|
161(5): 932–7
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2109021" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2109021</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Rajeshwari
|
|
K and Sharma
|
|
A. (1995) Remediable recurrent meningitis. Indian Pediatrics
|
|
32(4): 491–6
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8635818" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8635818</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Rosenberg
|
|
J and Galen
|
|
B. T. (2017) Recurrent Meningitis. Current Pain & Headache ReportsCurr Pain Headache Rep
|
|
21(7): 33 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28551737" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28551737</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ruas
|
|
R and Ribeiro
|
|
N. (2018) Meningoencephalocele causing recurrent meningitis. Clinical Case ReportsClin Case Rep
|
|
6(5): 944–945 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5930199/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5930199</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29744093" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29744093</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Scherzer
|
|
E and Deisenhammer
|
|
E. (1968) Accidental convulsions in recurrent posttraumatic meningitis. Electroencephalography & Clinical NeurophysiologyElectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol
|
|
24(1): 92–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4170631" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4170631</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Shalita
|
|
A. R. (1964) Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea in the Etiology of Recurrent Pneumococcal Meningitis. North Carolina Medical JournalN C Med J
|
|
25: 426–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14200485" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14200485</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Siegler
|
|
J. (1964) Recurrent Pyogenic Meningitis Due to an Osteoma of the Frontal Sinus. Journal of Laryngology & OtologyJ Laryngol Otol
|
|
78: 226–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14126285" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14126285</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Simon
|
|
F, Luscan
|
|
R, Khonsari
|
|
R. H
|
|
et al (2019) Management of Gorham Stout disease with skull-base defects: Case series of six children and literature review. International Journal of Pediatric OtorhinolaryngologyInt J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
|
|
124: 152–156 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31195309" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31195309</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case series]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Spader
|
|
H. S, Hertzler
|
|
D. A, Kestle
|
|
J. R
|
|
et al (2015) Risk factors for infection and the effect of an institutional shunt protocol on the incidence of ventricular access device infections in preterm infants. Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics. 15(2): 156–60
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25479576" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25479576</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Spink
|
|
W. W and Su
|
|
C. K. (1960) Persistent menace of pneumococcal meningitis. JAMA (Chicago, Ill.)
|
|
173(14): 1545–1548 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13833369" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 13833369</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case series]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tang
|
|
L. M and Chen
|
|
S. T. (1994) Relapsing bacterial meningitis in adults. Quarterly Journal of Medicine
|
|
87(8): 511–518 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7755689" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7755689</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tebruegge
|
|
M and Curtis
|
|
N. (2008) Epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of recurrent bacterial meningitis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|
|
21(3): 519–37
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2493086/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2493086</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18625686" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18625686</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review; potentially relevant references for the review were checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tedder
|
|
D. G, Ashley
|
|
R, Tyler
|
|
K. L
|
|
et al (1994) Herpes simplex virus infection as a cause of benign recurrent lymphocytic meningitis. Annals of Internal Medicine
|
|
121(5): 334–338
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8042822" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8042822</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [participants with recurrent lymphotic meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ter Horst
|
|
L, Brouwer
|
|
M. C, van der Ende
|
|
A
|
|
et al (2020) Community-acquired Bacterial Meningitis in Adults With Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage. Clinical Infectious Diseases
|
|
70(11): 2256–2261
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7245152/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7245152</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31300817" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31300817</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ter Horst
|
|
L, Brouwer
|
|
M. C, van der Ende
|
|
A
|
|
et al (2020) Recurrent Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis in Adults. Clinical infectious diseases
|
|
9: 9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8563215/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8563215</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33751028" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33751028</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review [insufficient presentation of the results]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tuygun
|
|
N; Tanir
|
|
G; Aytekin
|
|
C. (2010) Recurrent bacterial meningitis in children: our experience with 14 cases. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
|
|
52(4): 348–53
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21043378" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21043378</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
van Driel
|
|
J. J, Bekker
|
|
V, Spanjaard
|
|
L
|
|
et al (2008) Epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of recurrent bacterial and fungal meningitis in the Netherlands, 1988–2005. Clinical infectious diseases
|
|
47(5): e42–51
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18643757" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18643757</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review [reports are age, sex and causative organisms/serotypes, which is more of a description of the groups than risk factors]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Vanopdenbosch
|
|
L. J, Dedeken
|
|
P, Casselman
|
|
J. W
|
|
et al (2011) MRI with intrathecal gadolinium to detect a CSF leak: a prospective open-label cohort study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & PsychiatryJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
|
|
82(4): 456–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20562454" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20562454</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study population not of interest for review [less than 50% of the population with meningitis]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Vaswani
|
|
N. D, Gupta
|
|
N, Yadav
|
|
R
|
|
et al (2021) Seven versus Ten Days Antibiotics Course for Acute Pyogenic Meningitis in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|
|
88(3): 246–251
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32857331" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32857331</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Vermeersch
|
|
H; Kluyskens
|
|
P; Vanderstock
|
|
L. (1980) The temporal bone as route of infection in recurrent meningitis. Journal of Otolaryngology
|
|
9(3): 199–201
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6968832" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6968832</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Wang
|
|
J, Li
|
|
Y, Chen
|
|
S
|
|
et al (2016) Long-term outcomes of a transmastoid lateral semicircular canal approach to congenital CSF otorrhea in children associated with recurrent meningitis and severe inner ear malformation. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|
|
87: 185–189
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27368469" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27368469</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Yadav
|
|
J.S; Mohindra
|
|
S; Francis
|
|
A.A. (2011) CSF rhinorrhea-feasibility of conservative management in children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|
|
75(2): 186–189
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21094534" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21094534</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Yaldiz
|
|
C, Ozdemir
|
|
N, Yaman
|
|
O
|
|
et al (2015) Intracranial repair of posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea associated with recurrent meningitis. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|
|
26(1): 170–3
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25469892" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25469892</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest [not an OECD high income country]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Young
|
|
L. M; Haddow
|
|
J. E; Klein
|
|
J. O. (1968) Relapse following ampicillin treatment of acute Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. Pediatrics
|
|
41(2): 516–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5300101" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5300101</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [case report]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Zimmermann
|
|
P; Gwee
|
|
A; Curtis
|
|
N. (2017) The controversial role of breast milk in GBS late-onset disease. Journal of infection
|
|
74suppl1: S34–S40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28646960" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28646960</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng195er14.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review [narrative review]</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Book content -->
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js"> </script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID /projects/books/PBooks@9.11 portal105 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
|
|
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID"></span>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/js/3968615.js" snapshot="books"></script></body>
|
|
</html>
|