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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Cheese Consumption by U.S. Children and Adolescents - FSRG Dietary Data Briefs - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="FSRG Dietary Data Briefs [Internet]">
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Cheese Consumption by U.S. Children and Adolescents">
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<meta name="citation_publisher" content="United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2024/05">
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Rhonda S. Sebastian">
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Joseph D. Goldman">
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Alanna J. Moshfegh">
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Cheese Consumption by U.S. Children and Adolescents">
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<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)">
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Rhonda S. Sebastian">
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Joseph D. Goldman">
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Alanna J. Moshfegh">
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<meta name="description" content="Cheese is a rich source of calcium and vitamin D, two nutrients that are under consumed in the U.S. diet. However, it also contains considerable amounts of saturated fat and sodium, which are consumed in excess (1, 2). Cheese is eaten alone, but it is also a common ingredient in foods, e.g., sandwiches, pizza, tacos. Consequently, measuring dietary intake of cheese is challenging. To date, total dairy intake has been reported in “cup equivalents”, a term that makes sense for milk and yogurt but less so for cheese (3, 4; see definition of “cup equivalents” on page 8). The purpose of this report is to characterize cheese intake- inclusive of cheese consumed as an ingredient- by U.S. children 2 – 19 years. Intake estimates in grams (g) are included. This analysis is based on one day of dietary intake data from What We Eat in America (WWEIA), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017- 2018. A complementary report (Dietary Data Brief No. 61) describes cheese intake among U.S. adults.">
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<meta name="og:description" content="Cheese is a rich source of calcium and vitamin D, two nutrients that are under consumed in the U.S. diet. However, it also contains considerable amounts of saturated fat and sodium, which are consumed in excess (1, 2). Cheese is eaten alone, but it is also a common ingredient in foods, e.g., sandwiches, pizza, tacos. Consequently, measuring dietary intake of cheese is challenging. To date, total dairy intake has been reported in “cup equivalents”, a term that makes sense for milk and yogurt but less so for cheese (3, 4; see definition of “cup equivalents” on page 8). The purpose of this report is to characterize cheese intake- inclusive of cheese consumed as an ingredient- by U.S. children 2 – 19 years. Intake estimates in grams (g) are included. This analysis is based on one day of dietary intake data from What We Eat in America (WWEIA), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017- 2018. A complementary report (Dietary Data Brief No. 61) describes cheese intake among U.S. adults.">
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id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK604192_"><span class="label">Dietary Data Brief No. 60</span><span class="title" itemprop="name">Cheese Consumption by U.S. Children and Adolescents</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">What We Eat in America, NHANES 2017 - 2018</div><p class="contribs">Sebastian RS, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ.</p><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK604192_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><p>Cheese is a rich source of calcium and vitamin D, two nutrients that are under consumed in the U.S. diet. However, it also contains considerable amounts of saturated fat and sodium, which are consumed in excess (<a class="bibr" href="#usdaddb60.ref1" rid="usdaddb60.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>, </sup><a class="bibr" href="#usdaddb60.ref2" rid="usdaddb60.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a>). Cheese is eaten alone, but it is also a common ingredient in foods, e.g., sandwiches, pizza, tacos. Consequently, measuring dietary intake of cheese is challenging. To date, total dairy intake has been reported in “cup equivalents”, a term that makes sense for milk and yogurt but less so for cheese (<a class="bibr" href="#usdaddb60.ref3" rid="usdaddb60.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a><sup>, </sup><a class="bibr" href="#usdaddb60.ref4" rid="usdaddb60.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a>; <i>see definition of “</i><a href="#usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI2">cup equivalents</a><i>” on page 8)</i>. The purpose of this report is to characterize cheese intake- inclusive of cheese consumed as an ingredient- by U.S. children 2 – 19 years. Intake estimates in grams (g) are included. This analysis is based on one day of dietary intake data from What We Eat in America (WWEIA), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017- 2018. A complementary report (Dietary Data Brief No. 61) describes cheese intake among U.S. adults.</p><div id="usdaddb60.box2" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><h3><span class="title">Highlights</span></h3><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Seventy-four percent of children consume cheese, alone or as an ingredient, on any given day. Intake does not differ by gender, but there is an inverse trend in prevalence of cheese consumption by age.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">A lower percentage of non-Hispanic Asian children consume cheese compared to children in other race/ethnic groups.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Grocery stores are the source of the majority (53%) of cheese consumed.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Mean daily intake of cheese is 30 grams/day. Mixed dishes, e.g., sandwiches and pizza, account for 78% of total intake.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Six in ten children consume a mixed dish containing cheese on any given day.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Cheese consumers have higher mean total intake of energy, total fat, saturated fat, and calcium than non-consumers.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Among consumers, cheese accounts for an average of 7% of total daily intake of energy, 13% of protein and total fat, 21% of saturated fat, and 30% of calcium.</p></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="usdaddb60.s1"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_s1_">What percentage of children consume cheese, and does it differ by gender and age?</h2><p>On any given day, 74% of children 2 – 19 years consume cheese (75% of males and 73% of females). An inverse linear trend in the percentage consuming cheese by age was found among all children (p<0.001; <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig1" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig1">Figure 1</a>). Moreover, the percentage of females 6 -11 years consuming cheese is higher than that of females 12-19 years.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figusdaddb60fig1" co-legend-rid="figlgndusdaddb60fig1"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig1" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f1.gif" src-large="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2 - 19 years, by gender and age, WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndusdaddb60fig1"><h4 id="usdaddb60.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig1">Figure 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2 - 19 years, by gender and age, WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018. *For all children, inverse linear trend in cheese consumption by age (p<0.001) based on regression analysis. <sup>a,b</sup>Within gender, percentage <a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig1">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div><div id="usdaddb60.s2"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_s2_">Does the prevalence of cheese consumption differ by race/ethnicity or family income?</h2><p>Compared to non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH Black, and Hispanic children, NH Asian children are less likely to consume cheese on the intake day (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig2" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig2">Figure 2</a>). Within age group, the prevalence of cheese consumption was lower among NH Asian children versus one or more other race/ethnic groups.</p><p>As shown in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig3" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig3">Figure 3</a>, there are no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of cheese consumption by family income (p>0.001).</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figusdaddb60fig2" co-legend-rid="figlgndusdaddb60fig2"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig2" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f2.gif" src-large="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f2.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2-19 years, by age and race/ethnicity, WWEIA, NHANES 2017-2018." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndusdaddb60fig2"><h4 id="usdaddb60.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig2">Figure 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2-19 years, by age and race/ethnicity, WWEIA, NHANES 2017-2018. <sup>a,b</sup>Within age group, percentage estimates with different superscripts differ by race/ethnicity (p<0.001) based on a two-tailed <a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig2">(more...)</a></p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figusdaddb60fig3" co-legend-rid="figlgndusdaddb60fig3"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig3" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f3.gif" src-large="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f3.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2 - 19 years, by age and family income as % of poverty level1, WWEIA, NHANES 2017- 2018." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndusdaddb60fig3"><h4 id="usdaddb60.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig3">Figure 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2 - 19 years, by age and family income as % of poverty level<sup>1</sup>, WWEIA, NHANES 2017- 2018. <sup>1</sup>Ratio of family income to the federal poverty guidelines expressed as a percentage. See definition of “family <a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig3">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div><div id="usdaddb60.s3"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_s3_">From what sources is cheese obtained?</h2><p>Overall, 53% of cheese consumed by children is obtained from a grocery store (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig4" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig4">Figure 4</a>). That source accounts for about two-thirds of cheese among those 2-5 years old. In contrast, among adolescents 12-19 years, the percentages of cheese obtained from grocery stores and restaurants (fast food and other types) are about equal.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figusdaddb60fig4" co-legend-rid="figlgndusdaddb60fig4"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig4" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f4.gif" src-large="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f4.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Source1 of cheese among children 2 - 19 years, by age, WWEIA, NHANES 2017- 2018." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndusdaddb60fig4"><h4 id="usdaddb60.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig4">Figure 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Source<sup>1</sup> of cheese among children 2 - 19 years, by age, WWEIA, NHANES 2017- 2018. <sup>1</sup>Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding. <sup>2</sup>Includes restaurant with waiter/waitress service; cafeteria (including in a K-12 school); and restaurant, not further specified. <a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig4">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div><div id="usdaddb60.s4"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_s4_">At what eating occasions is cheese consumed?</h2><p>The most common eating occasions that cheese/cheese-containing foods are consumed are lunch and dinner (<a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60tab1">Table 1</a>). When it is consumed, children’s intake averages between 25 and 30 g of cheese at main meals, and about two-thirds of an amount at snacks.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figusdaddb60tab1"><a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="usdaddb60.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Percentage consuming cheese at specified eating occasion and mean intake when consumed at that occasion, children 2-19 years, WWEIA, NHANES 2017- 2018. </p></div></div></div><div id="usdaddb60.s5"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_s5_">What types of foods account for cheese intake?</h2><p>Total mean intake of cheese among all children is 30 grams per day. By age group, average amounts per day are 25 g (2 – 5 years), 30 grams (6 – 11 years) and 33 grams (12 – 19 years).</p><p>Mixed dishes account for the majority of cheese intake among children 2 – 19 years (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig5" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig5">Figure 5</a>). For the youngest children (2 – 5 years), 63% of that intake is from mixed dishes (<i>data not shown)</i>. For 6 – 11 year old children and adolescents (12-19 years), those percentages are 75% and 85%, respectively.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figusdaddb60fig5" co-legend-rid="figlgndusdaddb60fig5"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig5" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f5.gif" src-large="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f5.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Percentage of total cheese intake consumed by WWEIA food category1 among children 2 - 19 years, WWEIA, NHANES 2017 – 2018." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndusdaddb60fig5"><h4 id="usdaddb60.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig5">Figure 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Percentage of total cheese intake consumed by WWEIA food category<sup>1</sup> among children 2 - 19 years, WWEIA, NHANES 2017 – 2018. <sup>1</sup>See definition of “WWEIA Food Categories” on page 8. <sup>2</sup>Includes foods such as tacos, burritos, and quesadillas. <a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig5">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div><div id="usdaddb60.s6"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_s6_">In what food categories is cheese commonly consumed?</h2><p>The percentage of children consuming cheese-containing foods by food category and the average amount of cheese per report within that category provides an in-depth look at food sources of cheese intake. <a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60tab2">Table 2</a> shows the food categories from which a notable percentage of children consume a cheese-containing item. Relatively high reporting rates and substantial cheese content among many of the mixed dishes categories make clear why they account for a large proportion of total cheese intake.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figusdaddb60tab2"><a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="usdaddb60.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Percentage of children consuming cheese-containing foods in WWEIA Food Categories and mean amount of cheese per report, age 2-19 years, 2017 – 2018. </p></div></div></div><div id="usdaddb60.s7"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_s7_">Does intake or nutrients per 1,000 kilocalories differ between cheese consumers and non-consumers?</h2><p>There are few nutrient intake differences between cheese consumers and non-consumers on a 1,000 kilocalorie basis (<a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60tab2">Table 2</a>). Children who consume cheese on any given day have higher intake of saturated fat and calcium per 1,000 kilocalories. Those same differences are seen among children 6-11 years and adolescents 12-19 years, but not among those 2-5 years <i>(data not shown)</i>. None of the nutrients shown are significantly lower among cheese consumers on this basis.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figusdaddb60tab3"><a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="usdaddb60.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Mean daily intake of energy and selected nutrients per 1,000 kilocalories by cheese consumption status among children 2 – 19 years, 2017 – 2018. </p></div></div></div><div id="usdaddb60.s8"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_s8_">Among consumers, how much does cheese contribute to total daily intakes of energy and nutrients?</h2><p>On any given day, cheese contributes an average of 138 kilocalories to dietary intake of children 2-19 years. By age group, that average is 109 kilocalories for children 2-5 years, 127 kilocalories for those 6-11 years, and 161 kilocalories for adolescents 12-19 years <i>(data not shown)</i>.</p><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig6" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig6">Figure 6</a> shows that among all children and adolescents, cheese accounts for 7% of mean total energy intake. However, its contribution to other nutrients shown- specifically saturated fat and calcium- is much higher. On the other hand, cheese contributes 2 percent or less to total daily intake of dietary fiber, added sugars, and potassium <i>(data not shown)</i>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figusdaddb60fig6" co-legend-rid="figlgndusdaddb60fig6"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figusdaddb60fig6" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f6.gif" src-large="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f6.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Contributions of cheese to total daily intakes of energy and selected nutrients among cheese consumers1, children 2 – 19 years, 2017 – 2018." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndusdaddb60fig6"><h4 id="usdaddb60.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig6">Figure 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Contributions of cheese to total daily intakes of energy and selected nutrients among cheese consumers<sup>1</sup>, children 2 – 19 years, 2017 – 2018. <sup>1</sup>See definition of “consumer/non-consumer” on page 8. <sup>2</sup>Estimate less precise than <a href="/books/NBK604192/figure/usdaddb60.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobusdaddb60fig6">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div><div id="usdaddb60.s9"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_s9_">Definitions</h2><dl><dt id="usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI1">Consumer/non-consumer</dt><dd><p>In general, anyone who consumed cheese alone or as an ingredient in any type of food was considered a “consumer,” whereas anyone who did not was considered a “non-consumer.” In all, 1,721 children were classified as cheese consumers (848 males and 873 females), and 659 were classified as non-consumers (326 males and 333 females). Classification as a consumer or non-consumer for this analysis has no implications as to habitual consumption.</p></dd><dt id="usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI2">Cup equivalents</dt><dd><p>a standard that determines comparable amounts of various foods in a food group for the purpose of comparing dietary intake to national recommendations (<a class="bibr" href="#usdaddb60.ref1" rid="usdaddb60.ref1">1</a>). In the dairy group, one cup equivalent is the amount of food considered equal to 1 cup of milk. In general, 1 cup of yogurt equals 1 cup equivalent of dairy. However, translation of cheese amounts to cup equivalents of dairy varies both by cheese type (e.g., natural, processed, cottage) and the specific cheese within that type (e.g., for natural cheese, Swiss, cheddar, blue). The ranges of cheese amounts that constitute one cup equivalent of dairy are as follows: natural cheese, 1 to 2 ounces; processed cheese, 1-1/2 to 2 ounces; cottage cheese, 4-1/2 to 10-1/2 ounces (<a class="bibr" href="#usdaddb60.ref5" rid="usdaddb60.ref5">5</a>). (Note: 1 ounce = 28.35 grams). National intake estimates of cheese in cup equivalents are available at <a href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-bhnrc/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/food-surveys-research-group/docs/fped-data-tables/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-bhnrc/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/food-surveys-research-group/docs/fped-data-tables/</a>.</p></dd><dt id="usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI3">Eating occasion</dt><dd><p>Designated by the respondent, eating occasions with the following English and Spanish names were grouped together: breakfast, desayano, and almuerzo; lunch, brunch, and comida; dinner, supper, and cena; and snack, drink, merienda, entre comida, botana, bocadillo, tentempie, bebida, and items consumed over an extended period of time. The time an eating occasion occurs has no implications as to its type, e.g., breakfast occasions could occur at all times of day and night.</p></dd><dt id="usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI4">Family income (as percentage of poverty level)</dt><dd><p>the ratio of family income to poverty expressed as a percentage. The Department of Health and Human Services’ poverty guidelines were used as the poverty measure to calculate the ratio (<a class="bibr" href="#usdaddb60.ref6" rid="usdaddb60.ref6">6</a>).</p></dd><dt id="usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI5">Kilocalories</dt><dd><p>Scientific unit used in reporting the energy content of food; shortened to “calories” in casual usage in the U.S.</p></dd><dt id="usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI6">WWEIA Food Categories</dt><dd><p>Available at <a href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=23429" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=23429</a> is a full list of the WWEIA Food Categories, a scheme for classifying each food and beverage reported in WWEIA, NHANES into one of 169 mutually exclusive categories. In contrast to the WWEIA Food Categories’ item-by-item classification, this analysis classified as a group any foods or beverages that were represented in the dietary data by two or more items linked as having been consumed together. In such cases, all of the linked items were classified together into the most appropriate WWEIA Food Category. For example, a ham and cheese sandwich represented in the dietary data as white bread, deli ham, American cheese, and mayonnaise would be assigned to the “deli and cured meat sandwiches” group, along with similar sandwiches that were not represented by multiple items, i.e., the “single-code sandwiches” that make up the WWEIA Food Category “mixed dishes - sandwiches (single code) – deli and cured meat sandwiches.”</p></dd></dl></div><div id="usdaddb60.s10"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_s10_">Data source</h2><p>Estimates in this data brief are based on one day of dietary intake data from WWEIA, NHANES 2017-2018 (<a class="bibr" href="#usdaddb60.ref7" rid="usdaddb60.ref7">7</a>). Day 1 dietary data were collected in person using the 5-step USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method for the 24-hour recall. A total of 2,380 individuals 2 - 19 years of age (1,174 males and 1,206 females) provided complete and reliable dietary intake data. In the race-specific analyses (see page 2), individuals who were multi-racial or of a racial group other than those listed (240 children, of whom 181 were cheese consumers) were excluded. Likewise, in the income-specific analyses (also on page 2), individuals with missing family income information (229 children, of whom 145 were cheese consumers) were excluded. Sample weights were applied in all analyses to produce estimates that were representative of the U.S. population for the years of collection. Intakes of energy and nutrients were calculated using the 2017-2018 version of USDA’s Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (<a class="bibr" href="#usdaddb60.ref8" rid="usdaddb60.ref8">8</a>). Intake of added sugars was calculated using the Food Patterns Equivalents Database 2017-2018 (<a class="bibr" href="#usdaddb60.ref5" rid="usdaddb60.ref5">5</a>).</p></div><div id="usdaddb60.rl.r1"><h2 id="_usdaddb60_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="usdaddb60.ref1">U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. <em>Dietary Guidelines 2020-2025</em>. 9<sup>th</sup> edition. December
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2020. <a href="https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans-2020-2025.pdf" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.dietaryguidelines<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/sites/default<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/files/2021-03<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/Dietary_Guidelines<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​_for_Americans-2020-2025.pdf</a>. Accessed January 12, 2024.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="usdaddb60.ref2">USDA Agricultural Research Service. <em>Food Data Central</em>. <a href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://fdc<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nal.usda.gov</a>. Accessed January 3, 2024.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="usdaddb60.ref3">USDA Economic Research Service. <em>Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials. Food Availability and Consumption</em>. <a href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/ag-and-food-statistics-charting-the-essentials/food-availability-and-consumption/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.ers.usda<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/data-products/ag-and-food-statistics-charting-the-essentials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/food-availability-and-consumption/</a>. Accessed November 30, 2023.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="usdaddb60.ref4">Cifelli
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CJ, Fulgoni
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K, Fulgoni
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VL
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III, Hess, JM. Disparity in dairy servings intake by ethnicity and age in NHANES 2015-2018. <em>Curr Dev Nutr</em>. 2022;7(2):100010. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100010.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10111593/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC10111593</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37180086" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 37180086</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100010" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="usdaddb60.ref5">USDA Food Surveys Research Group. <em>Food Patterns Equivalents Databases and SAS Datasets</em>. <a href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/fsrg/fped/download" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.ars.usda.gov/fsrg/fped/download</a>. Accessed December 11, 2023.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="usdaddb60.ref6">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Poverty guidelines. <a href="https://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty-guidelines" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://aspe<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.hhs.gov/poverty-guidelines</a>. Accessed October 31, 2023.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="usdaddb60.ref7">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. <em>NHANES Questionnaires, Datasets, and Related Documentation</em>. <a href="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://wwwn<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/</a>. Accessed October 31, 2023.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="usdaddb60.ref8">USDA Food Surveys Research Group. <em>FNDDS Documentation and Databases</em>. <a href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/fsrg/fndds/download" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.ars.usda.gov/fsrg/fndds/download</a>. Accessed November 30, 2023.</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_top_margin"><div>
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<span class="mixed-citation" id="usdaddb60.suggestedcitation">Sebastian RS, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ. <em>Cheese Consumption by U.S. Children and Adolescents: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2017- 2018</em>. Food Surveys Research Group Dietary Data Brief No. 60. May 2024.</span>
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</div></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK604192_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Author Information and Affiliations</h3><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">Rhonda S. Sebastian</span>, MA, <span itemprop="author">Joseph D. Goldman</span>, MA, and <span itemprop="author">Alanna J. Moshfegh</span>, MS, RDN.</p><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Published online: May 2024.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-bhnrc/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/food-surveys-research-group/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)</a>, Beltsville (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Sebastian RS, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ. Cheese Consumption by U.S. Children and Adolescents: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2017 - 2018. 2024 May. In: FSRG Dietary Data Briefs [Internet]. Beltsville (MD): United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); 2010-. Dietary Data Brief No. 60.<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/usdaddb/usdaddb61/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/usdaddb/usdaddb59/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobusdaddb60box2"><div id="usdaddb60.box2" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><h3><span class="title">Highlights</span></h3><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Seventy-four percent of children consume cheese, alone or as an ingredient, on any given day. Intake does not differ by gender, but there is an inverse trend in prevalence of cheese consumption by age.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">A lower percentage of non-Hispanic Asian children consume cheese compared to children in other race/ethnic groups.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Grocery stores are the source of the majority (53%) of cheese consumed.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Mean daily intake of cheese is 30 grams/day. Mixed dishes, e.g., sandwiches and pizza, account for 78% of total intake.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Six in ten children consume a mixed dish containing cheese on any given day.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Cheese consumers have higher mean total intake of energy, total fat, saturated fat, and calcium than non-consumers.</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>⏩</dt><dd><p class="no_top_margin">Among consumers, cheese accounts for an average of 7% of total daily intake of energy, 13% of protein and total fat, 21% of saturated fat, and 30% of calcium.</p></dd></dl></dl></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobusdaddb60fig1"><div id="usdaddb60.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Prevalence%20(%25)%20of%20cheese%20consumption%20among%20children%202%20-%2019%20years%2C%20by%20gender%20and%20age%2C%20WWEIA%2C%20NHANES%202017%20-%202018.&p=BOOKS&id=604192_usdaddb60f1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2 - 19 years, by gender and age, WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2 - 19 years, by gender and age, WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018</span></h3><div class="caption"><p id="usdaddb60.fig1.fn1">*For all children, inverse linear trend in cheese consumption by age (p<0.001) based on regression analysis.</p><p id="usdaddb60.fig1.fn2"><sup>a,b</sup>Within gender, percentage estimates with different superscripts differ by age (p<0.001) based on a two-tailed t-test.</p></div><p>SOURCE: WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018, day 1, children 2-19 years of age.</p></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobusdaddb60fig2"><div id="usdaddb60.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Prevalence%20(%25)%20of%20cheese%20consumption%20among%20children%202-19%20years%2C%20by%20age%20and%20race%2Fethnicity%2C%20WWEIA%2C%20NHANES%202017-2018.&p=BOOKS&id=604192_usdaddb60f2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f2.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2-19 years, by age and race/ethnicity, WWEIA, NHANES 2017-2018." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2-19 years, by age and race/ethnicity, WWEIA, NHANES 2017-2018</span></h3><div class="caption"><p id="usdaddb60.fig2.fn1"><sup>a,b</sup>Within age group, percentage estimates with different superscripts differ by race/ethnicity (p<0.001) based on a two-tailed t-test.</p><p id="usdaddb60.fig2.fn2"><sup>1</sup>Estimate is less precise than others due to small sample size.</p></div><p>SOURCE: WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018, day 1, children 2 - 19 years of age.</p></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobusdaddb60fig3"><div id="usdaddb60.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Prevalence%20(%25)%20of%20cheese%20consumption%20among%20children%202%20-%2019%20years%2C%20by%20age%20and%20family%20income%20as%20%25%20of%20poverty%20level1%2C%20WWEIA%2C%20NHANES%202017-%202018.&p=BOOKS&id=604192_usdaddb60f3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f3.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2 - 19 years, by age and family income as % of poverty level1, WWEIA, NHANES 2017- 2018." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Prevalence (%) of cheese consumption among children 2 - 19 years, by age and family income as % of poverty level<a href="#usdaddb60.fig3.fn1"><sup>1</sup></a>, WWEIA, NHANES 2017- 2018</span></h3><div class="caption"><p id="usdaddb60.fig3.fn1"><sup>1</sup>Ratio of family income to the federal poverty guidelines expressed as a percentage. See definition of “<a href="#usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI4">family income</a>” on page 8.</p></div><p>SOURCE: WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018, day 1, children 2 – 19 years of age.</p></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobusdaddb60fig4"><div id="usdaddb60.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Source1%20of%20cheese%20among%20children%202%20-%2019%20years%2C%20by%20age%2C%20WWEIA%2C%20NHANES%202017-%202018.&p=BOOKS&id=604192_usdaddb60f4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f4.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Source1 of cheese among children 2 - 19 years, by age, WWEIA, NHANES 2017- 2018." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Source<a href="#usdaddb60.fig4.fn1"><sup>1</sup></a> of cheese among children 2 - 19 years, by age, WWEIA, NHANES 2017- 2018</span></h3><div class="caption"><p id="usdaddb60.fig4.fn1"><sup>1</sup>Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.</p><p id="usdaddb60.fig4.fn2"><sup>2</sup>Includes restaurant with waiter/waitress service; cafeteria (including in a K-12 school); and restaurant, not further specified.</p><p id="usdaddb60.fig4.fn3"><sup>3</sup>Includes sources not specifically shown, e.g., someone else/gift and convenience store.</p></div><p>SOURCE: WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018, day 1, children 2 – 19 years of age.</p></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobusdaddb60tab1"><div id="usdaddb60.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Percentage consuming cheese at specified eating occasion<sup>1</sup> and mean intake when consumed at that occasion, children 2-19 years, WWEIA, NHANES 2017- 2018</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__usdaddb60.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Breakfast</th><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Lunch</th><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Dinner</th><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Snack</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Children consuming (%)</th><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>10</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>40</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>41</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>22</b>
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</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Intake (grams)</th><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>25</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>29</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>30</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>19</b>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="usdaddb60.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">See definition of “<a href="#usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI3">eating occasion</a>” on page 8.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">SOURCE: WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018, day 1, adults 2 – 19 years of age.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobusdaddb60fig5"><div id="usdaddb60.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Percentage%20of%20total%20cheese%20intake%20consumed%20by%20WWEIA%20food%20category1%20among%20children%202%20-%2019%20years%2C%20WWEIA%2C%20NHANES%202017%20%02013%202018.&p=BOOKS&id=604192_usdaddb60f5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f5.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Percentage of total cheese intake consumed by WWEIA food category1 among children 2 - 19 years, WWEIA, NHANES 2017 – 2018." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Percentage of total cheese intake consumed by WWEIA food category<a href="#usdaddb60.fig5.fn1"><sup>1</sup></a> among children 2 - 19 years, WWEIA, NHANES 2017 – 2018</span></h3><div class="caption"><p id="usdaddb60.fig5.fn1"><sup>1</sup>See definition of “<a href="#usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI6">WWEIA Food Categories</a>” on page 8.</p><p id="usdaddb60.fig5.fn2"><sup>2</sup>Includes foods such as tacos, burritos, and quesadillas.</p><p id="usdaddb60.fig5.fn3"><sup>3</sup>Denotes cheese consumed that is <u>not</u> an ingredient in a multi-ingredient food or added to another item. Examples are a cheese stick or a dish of cottage cheese.</p><p id="usdaddb60.fig5.fn4"><sup>4</sup>Includes Protein foods (1%) and Grains (1%).</p></div><p>SOURCE: WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018, day 1, children 2 – 19 years of age.</p></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobusdaddb60tab2"><div id="usdaddb60.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Percentage of children consuming cheese-containing foods in WWEIA Food Categories and mean amount of cheese per report, age 2-19 years, 2017 – 2018</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__usdaddb60.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">WWEIA Food Category<sup>1</sup></th><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Consumers<sup>2</sup> of cheese-containing item(s) in specified category (%)</th><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Mean amount of cheese per report (grams)<sup>3</sup></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed Dishes</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sandwiches</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Burgers</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Deli/cured meat</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">26</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Egg/breakfast</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">19</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Cheese</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">33</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pizza</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mexican</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Burritos and tacos</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grain-based</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Pasta dishes, excludes macaroni and cheese</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Macaroni and cheese</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Snacks and Sweets</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_13_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_13_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Crackers</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_13_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_13_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>6</b>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Savory snacks</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_13_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_13_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>3</b>
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</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cheese (distinct item)<sup>3</sup></th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_16_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_16_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">33</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cheese, natural and processed</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_16_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_16_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_18_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vegetables</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_18_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_18_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_18_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vegetables, excluding potatoes</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_18_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_18_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_18_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Lettuce/lettuce-based salads</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_18_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_18_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protein Foods</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_21_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_21_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_21_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grains</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_21_2" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_22_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_21_3" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab2_1_1_22_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10</th></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="usdaddb60.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">See definition of “<a href="#usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI6">WWEIA Food Categories</a>” on page 8.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="usdaddb60.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">See definition of “<a href="#usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI1">consumer/non-consumer</a> on page 8.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="usdaddb60.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">Denotes cheese consumed that is <u>not</u> an ingredient in a multi-ingredient food or added to another item. Examples are a cheese stick or a dish of cottage cheese.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">SOURCE: WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018, day 1, children 2 – 19 years of age.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobusdaddb60tab3"><div id="usdaddb60.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Mean daily intake of energy and selected nutrients per 1,000 kilocalories<sup>1</sup> by cheese consumption<sup>2</sup> status among children 2 – 19 years, 2017 – 2018</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK604192/table/usdaddb60.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__usdaddb60.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Energy/Nutrient</th><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Cheese consumer</th><th id="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Cheese non-consumer</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<i>Macronutrients/food components:</i>
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</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protein (g)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carbohydrate (g)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">136</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Added sugars (tsp eq.)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Dietary fiber (g)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total fat (g)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> Saturated fat (g)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14<sup>*</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cholesterol</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">123</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<i>Vitamins:</i>
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</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vitamin A (mcg RAE)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">327</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">291</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vitamin B12 (mcg)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vitamin D (mcg)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_9_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<i>Minerals:</i>
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</th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_13_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_13_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calcium (mg)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_13_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">564<sup>*</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_13_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">444</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sodium (mg)</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_13_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1563</td><td headers="hd_h_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_usdaddb60.tab3_1_1_13_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1522</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: g, grams; tsp eq, teaspoon equivalents; mcg, micrograms; RAE, retinol activity equivalents; mg, milligrams.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="usdaddb60.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">See definition of “<a href="#usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI1">consumer/non-consumer</a>” on page 8.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="usdaddb60.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">See definition of “<a href="#usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI5">kilocalories</a>” on page 8.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>*</dt><dd><div id="usdaddb60.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Intake is significantly different by cheese consumption status (p<0.001) based on a two-tailed t-test.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">SOURCE: WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018, day 1, children 2 – 19 years.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobusdaddb60fig6"><div id="usdaddb60.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Contributions%20of%20cheese%20to%20total%20daily%20intakes%20of%20energy%20and%20selected%20nutrients%20among%20cheese%20consumers1%2C%20children%202%20%02013%2019%20years%2C%202017%20%02013%202018.&p=BOOKS&id=604192_usdaddb60f6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK604192/bin/usdaddb60f6.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Contributions of cheese to total daily intakes of energy and selected nutrients among cheese consumers1, children 2 – 19 years, 2017 – 2018." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Contributions of cheese to total daily intakes of energy and selected nutrients among cheese consumers<a href="#usdaddb60.fig6.fn1"><sup>1</sup></a>, children 2 – 19 years, 2017 – 2018</span></h3><div class="caption"><p id="usdaddb60.fig6.fn1"><sup>1</sup>See definition of “<a href="#usdaddb60.abb_DL1_DI1">consumer/non-consumer</a>” on page 8.</p><p id="usdaddb60.fig6.fn2"><sup>2</sup>Estimate less precise than other presented due to small sample size.</p></div><p>SOURCE: WWEIA, NHANES 2017 - 2018, day 1, adults 20 years of age and older.</p></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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