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class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK602764_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence reviews for investigations – diagnosis</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Spinal metastases and metastatic spinal cord compression</div><p><b>Evidence review F</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 234</i></p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2023 Sep</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-5316-5</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2023.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1"><h2 id="_niceng234er6_s1_">Investigations - diagnosis</h2><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1"><h3>Review question</h3><p>How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</p><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>The diagnosis of metastatic spinal cord compression or spinal metastases typically requires radiological imaging. Clinical signs may be the same for malignant and benign spinal disease in people with known primary cancer. Some people without known primary cancer present with spinal cord compression as their first symptom. MRI has been the method of choice for investigating malignant spinal disease and cord compression, due to its ability to identify metastatic disease within bone, visualise the soft tissue component of lesions and show the degree of any cord compression. Computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) also potentially provide additional information. This review aimed to summarise the effectiveness of different radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng234er6tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of the Population, Index test, Reference standard (or Comparator), Target condition and Outcome (PIRTO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng234er6tab1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobniceng234er6tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng234er6.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng234er6tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PIRTO table). </p></div></div><p>For further details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng234er6.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.3"><h4>Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#niceng234er6.appa">appendix A</a> and the methods document (<a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/NG234_Supp_1_Methods_pdf.pdf">supplementary document 1</a>).</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/about/who-we-are/policies-and-procedures" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NICE’s conflicts of interest policy</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.4"><h4>Diagnostic evidence</h4><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.4.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Twenty studies were included in this evidence review, 1 randomised trial (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref3" rid="niceng234er6.ref3">Dearnaley 2022</a>), 1 observational study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref1" rid="niceng234er6.ref1">Allan 2009</a>), 3 systematic reviews (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref7" rid="niceng234er6.ref7">Kim 2020</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>) and 15 diagnostic accuracy studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref2" rid="niceng234er6.ref2">Bacher 2021</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref4" rid="niceng234er6.ref4">Husband 2001</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref5" rid="niceng234er6.ref5">Kato 2015</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref6" rid="niceng234er6.ref6">Kim 2000</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref8" rid="niceng234er6.ref8">Laufer 2009</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref10" rid="niceng234er6.ref10">Maeder 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref11" rid="niceng234er6.ref11">Perry 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref12" rid="niceng234er6.ref12">Phadke 2001</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref13" rid="niceng234er6.ref13">Razek 2019</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref14" rid="niceng234er6.ref14">Schmeel 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref15" rid="niceng234er6.ref15">Schmeel 2021</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref16" rid="niceng234er6.ref16">Shi 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref17" rid="niceng234er6.ref17">Spinnato 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref19" rid="niceng234er6.ref19">Taheri 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref20" rid="niceng234er6.ref20">Zafar 2020</a>).</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.4.2"><h5>Test and treat studies</h5><p>One test-and-treat RCT (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref3" rid="niceng234er6.ref3">Dearnaley 2022</a>) compared screening MRI with no screening MRI in men at high risk of malignant spinal cord compression.</p><p>One study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref1" rid="niceng234er6.ref1">Allan 2009</a>) compared a rapid MRI referral hotline for suspected malignant spinal cord compression with usual care.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.4.3"><h5>Diagnostic test accuracy studies</h5><p>One systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>) and 5 additional studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref10" rid="niceng234er6.ref10">Maeder 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref11" rid="niceng234er6.ref11">Perry 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref15" rid="niceng234er6.ref15">Schmeel 2021</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref16" rid="niceng234er6.ref16">Shi 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref19" rid="niceng234er6.ref19">Taheri 2017</a>) evaluated chemical shift MRI for the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant bone marrow lesions.</p><p>Two systematic reviews (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>) and 2 additional studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref2" rid="niceng234er6.ref2">Bacher 2021</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref14" rid="niceng234er6.ref14">Schmeel 2018</a>) evaluated chemical shift MRI for the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant vertebral compression fractures.</p><p>One systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>) and 3 additional studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref5" rid="niceng234er6.ref5">Kato 2015</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref13" rid="niceng234er6.ref13">Razek 2019</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref20" rid="niceng234er6.ref20">Zafar 2020</a>) evaluated conventional MRI sequences, contrast enhanced MRI and diffusion weighted imaging for the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant vertebral compression fractures.</p><p>One systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref7" rid="niceng234er6.ref7">Kim 2020</a>) evaluated FDG-PET-CT or FDG-PET for the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant vertebral compression fractures.</p><p>One study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref4" rid="niceng234er6.ref4">Husband 2001</a>) evaluated plain radiographs and neurology for the diagnosis of malignant spinal cord compression and for the impact of MRI on treatment planning.</p><p>One study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref6" rid="niceng234er6.ref6">Kim 2000</a>) reported the diagnostic accuracy of T1-weighted sagittal images alone for the for the diagnosis of malignant spinal cord compression.</p><p>Three studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref8" rid="niceng234er6.ref8">Laufer 2009</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref12" rid="niceng234er6.ref12">Phadke 2001</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref17" rid="niceng234er6.ref17">Spinnato 2018</a>) reported the diagnostic yield of CT-guided biopsy of suspected malignant spinal lesions.</p><p>The included studies are summarised in <a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng234er6tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#niceng234er6.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng234er6.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.5"><h4>Excluded studies</h4><p>Studies not included in this review are listed, and reasons for their exclusion are provided in <a href="#niceng234er6.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.6"><h4>Summary of included studies</h4><p>Summaries of the studies that were included in this review are presented in <a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng234er6tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng234er6tab2"><a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobniceng234er6tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng234er6.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng234er6tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies. </p></div></div><p>See the full evidence tables in <a href="#niceng234er6.appd">appendix D</a>, the forest plots in <a href="#niceng234er6.appe">appendix E</a> and the study data in <a href="#niceng234er6.appl">appendix L</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.7"><h4>Summary of the evidence</h4><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.7.1"><h5>Screening MRI verses no screening MRI</h5><p>Evidence from a randomised trial indicated that screening using spinal MRI for people at high risk of metastatic spinal cord compression made no important difference to overall survival. There was also no evidence of important difference in neurological and functional status, pain or quality of life. The evidence quality ranged from low to high.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.7.2"><h5>MSCC hotline verses usual care</h5><p>Evidence from an observational study showed a benefit of a telephone hotline compared to usual care because it enabled rapid referral and diagnosis of patients with suspected MSCC. Median time from referral to diagnosis was 2 weeks shorter in the telephone hotline group compared to usual care. Patients referred via the hotline were also more likely to be ambulant at the time of diagnosis. The evidence quality ranged from very low to low.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.7.3"><h5>Chemical shift MRI for the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant vertebral bone marrow lesions</h5><p>Chemical shift MRI had acceptable (>80%) sensitivity and specificity in the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant vertebral bone marrow lesions (BML). Likelihood ratios indicated that chemical shift MRI is a useful test in this context (positive likelihood ratio [LR+] > 5 and negative likelihood ratio [LR−] < 0.2). The evidence quality for this was moderate to high.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.7.4"><h5>FDG-PET for the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant vertebral compression fractures</h5><p>FDG-PET or FDG-PET-CT had acceptable (>80%) sensitivity for the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant VCF, but somewhat lower specificity suggesting false positives would be an issue with this imaging modality. Likelihood ratios indicated that FDG-PET or FDG-PET-CT was potentially a useful test (LR+ between 2 and 5, LR− <0.2) again indicating some uncertainty in positive test results. The evidence quality for this was low.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.7.5"><h5>Chemical shift MRI for the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant vertebral compression fractures</h5><p>Chemical shift MRI had acceptable (>80%) sensitivity and specificity for differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant vertebral compression fractures (VCF). Likelihood ratios indicated that chemical shift MRI is a useful test in this context (LR+ > 5, LR− < 0.2). The evidence quality for this was moderate to high.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.7.6"><h5>Conventional MRI sequences(with or without DWI) for the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant vertebral compression fractures</h5><p>Conventional MRI sequences with or without diffusion weighted imaging or contrast enhancement had acceptable sensitivity and specificity for differential diagnosis of VCF. Likelihood ratios indicated that conventional MRI sequences with diffusion weighted imaging is a useful test in this context (LR+ > 5, LR− < 0.2). The evidence quality for this was moderate. Likelihood ratios indicated that conventional MRI sequences are a useful test in this context (LR+ > 5, LR− < 0.2). The evidence quality for this was very low to moderate.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.7.7"><h5>Tests for diagnosis of metastatic spinal cord compression</h5><p>Evidence for imaging diagnosis of spinal cord compression was more limited. One study indicated that T1-weighted sagittal MRI images alone had relatively low sensitivity but high specificity for spinal cord compression. Likelihood ratios indicated this was potentially a useful test (LR+ > 5, LR− between 0.2 and 0.5). Another observational study found that plain radiographs plus neurological examination had very low sensitivity but high specificity for spinal cord compression. The likelihood ratios indicated plain radiographs plus neurological examination was unlikely to be a useful test for metastatic spinal cord compression (LR+ > 5, LR− > 0.5). The evidence quality for this was low.</p><p>Very low quality evidence suggested that CT-guided biopsies of suspected metastatic spinal lesions do not always provide sufficient material for diagnosis. There was uncertainty, however, about how often this occurs with reported diagnostic yields ranging from 81% to 99% in the included studies.</p><p>See <a href="#niceng234er6.appf">appendix F</a> for GRADE and modified GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.8"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.8.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>A systematic review of the economic literature was conducted but no economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p><p>A single economic search was undertaken for all topics included in the scope of this guideline. See <a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/NG234_Supp_2_Health_economics_pdf.pdf">supplement 2</a> for details.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.8.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Economic studies not included in this review are listed, and reasons for their exclusion are provided in <a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/NG234_Supp_2_Health_economics_pdf.pdf">supplement 2</a>.</p><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.9"><h4>The committee's discussion and interpretation of the evidence</h4><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.9.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>Critical outcomes were overall survival, disease related morbidity, neurological/functional status and quality of life. This was because prompt and accurate diagnosis should lead to appropriate treatment, avoiding the morbidity caused by spinal cord compression and potentially prolonging life. For this reason, diagnostic accuracy was also a critical outcome.</p><p>Pain was an important outcome because it is a common symptom of metastatic spinal disease with negative impact on quality of life. Time to treatment was an important outcome because diagnostic uncertainty can delay treatment. Also, referral for specialist tests or dealing with equivocal test results can cause treatment delays. False positive test results can have important consequences in this group, leading to unnecessary treatment or biopsy. Morbidity caused by biopsy was included as an important outcome for this reason. Finally test failure was included as an important outcome, because sometimes diagnostic tests do not produce a clear positive or negative result, leading to uncertainty, repeated tests and diagnostic delays.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.9.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The quality of the evidence rated using GRADE ranged from low to high. The main issues that lowered the quality of the outcomes were risk of bias and imprecision.</p><p>No evidence was identified relating to CT scans or for the outcomes of disease-related morbidity, pain, consequences of false positives and morbidity due to biopsy.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.9.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.9.3.1"><h5>Radiologist involvement</h5><p>Based on their knowledge and experience the committee noted that carrying out radiological imagining of the spine and interpreting the results is complex (for example, selecting the correct sequencing and, if necessary, supplementary axial imaging) and that the impact of errors may have very serious consequences. In their experience there is also variation in how urgently results are reported, which can affect starting timely treatment. The committee agreed that imaging should be overseen by a radiologist. It was discussed that having a radiologist present at all MRI imaging appointments for MSCC would be difficult because of the urgency in which they would need to be conducted. They noted that it is now possible that scans can be overseen virtually which means that a radiologist would not necessarily need to be there in person but could oversee it remotely. Having a radiologist there also means that they can interpret and report the findings promptly.</p><p>The committee discussed the evidence showing an important benefit of a telephone hotline compared to usual care. They noted that it enabled rapid referral and diagnosis of patients with suspected MSCC. They agreed that any pathway to urgent MRI is useful and there are service configurations that work in some areas but not others. However, they decided not to recommend a hotline for MRI because they did not want to be prescriptive about how services organise their MRI lists to provide urgent access. They acknowledged that this is addressed in another part of the guideline that is focused on service configuration to support urgent MRI diagnosis of MSCC (see evidence review A).</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.9.3.2"><h5>MRI assessment</h5><p>Based on the evidence and their experience the committee agreed that conventional MRI sequences (including T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging and short TI inversion recovery (STIR) sequences) have acceptable sensitivity and specificity (considerably higher than the committee’s decision threshold of 80%) for identifying metastatic disease within bone when the correct sequences are used, and they listed the appropriate sequences in their recommendation. Sagittal T1 and/or STIR sequences of the whole spine would be used identify spinal metastases. Whereas sagittal T2 weighted sequences (with supplementary axial imaging) can also show any soft tissue component of the mass and the degree of spinal cord compression.</p><p>The committee discussed the evidence on adding contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion weighted imaging or chemical shift MRI to conventional sequences which may have a role in differentiating normal versus malignant bone marrow or osteoporotic versus malignant compression fractures. They were not convinced the evidence supported routinely adding these additional sequences to conventional MRI because the main role of MRI in this context is to identify the presence or absence of metastases and involvement of the spinal cord, rather than differentiate benign verses malignant lesions or fractures, however they understood that these additional sequences may be useful in selected cases and that local protocols or guidelines would be typically in place for their use.</p><p>They recommended not to perform routine MRI in people without symptoms or signs of cord compression in order to screen for MSCC, because evidence from a randomised trial did not demonstrate any benefit of surveillance MRIs in people who are asymptomatic but are at high risk of MSCC.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.9.3.3"><h5>Other imaging techniques for diagnosis and management</h5><p>Although there was no evidence about the use of CT in diagnosis of metastatic spinal disease the committee acknowledged that MRI might be contraindicated in some people (for instance anyone with metal implants). They considered CT was an appropriate alternative (although less sensitive than modern MRI) for imaging the spine in these cases and widely used for cancer staging. They acknowledged, based on experience that in rare cases there may be an indication for CT myelography, but this would need to be done in a specialist centre because it is an invasive procedure which is associated with some risks.</p><p>The committee discussed that many patients presenting with symptoms of spinal metastases or cord compression may have already had plain X-rays as initial investigations, but they agreed based on their experience that plain X-rays were not as sensitive for detecting metastatic bone disease as MRI and recommended they should not be used to diagnose or rule out spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration (DMI) of the spine or MSCC. There was also evidence that X-rays and neurological examination would detect less than half of the cases of spinal cord compression which can accompany spinal metastases.</p><p>The committee noted the evidence showing that CT-guided biopsies of suspected metastatic spinal lesions do not always provide sufficient material for diagnosis. However, they decided that due to the very low quality there was too much uncertainty about this evidence to base a recommendation on.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.9.3.4"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>No economic evidence was identified for this topic from the systematic search of previously published evidence. The committee considered cost effectiveness based on their own experience and knowledge.</p><p>Recommendations for this topic will lead to cost savings with no or limited impact on outcomes for people receiving these healthcare services. Whilst imaging being overseen by a radiologist would take up their time and associated costs the consequences of missing important details would be serious which would accrue larger costs in the long term. Recommendations against routine MRI in people without symptoms or signs of MSCC should reduce the number of MRIs undertaken although only a handful of centres are currently performing MRI in these circumstances. RCT evidence suggests this will have no impact upon outcomes or quality of life for patients.</p><p>Recommendations against x-ray, although a less expensive imaging technique should reduce costs as the diagnostic utility of them is very limited and MRI diagnostic imaging would always have to be carried out to get sufficiently detailed information to locate the tumour and plan treatment.</p></div><div id="niceng234er6.s1.1.9.3.5"><h5>Recommendations supported by this evidence review</h5><p>This evidence review supports recommendations 1.5.1 and 1.5.5 to 1.5.9 in the NICE guideline.</p></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.rl.r1"><h3>References – included studies</h3><ul class="simple-list"><div id="niceng234er6.rl.r1.1"><h4>Diagnostic</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref1"><p id="p-371">
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<strong>Allan 2009</strong>
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</p>Allan
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L, Baker
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L, Dewar
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J, et al
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Suspected malignant cord compression – Improving time to diagnosis via a hotline: A prospective audit. British Journal of Cancer, 100, 1867–1872, 2009
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2714247/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2714247</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19471276" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19471276</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref2"><p id="p-372">
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<strong>Bacher 2021</strong>
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</p>Bacher
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S, Hajdu
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S, Maeder
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Y, et al
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Differentiation between benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures using qualitative and quantitative analysis of a single fast spin echo T2-weighted Dixon sequence. European Radiology, 31, 9418–942, 2021
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8589814/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8589814</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34041569" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34041569</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref3"><p id="p-373">
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<strong>Dearnaley 2022</strong>
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</p>Dearnaley
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D, Hinder
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V, Hijab
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A, et al
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Observation versus screening spinal MRI and pre-emptive treatment for spinal cord compression in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and spinal metastases in the UK (PROMPTS): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet: Oncology, 23, 501–513, 2022
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8960282/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8960282</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35279270" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35279270</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref4"><p id="p-374">
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<strong>Husband 2001</strong>
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</p>Husband
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D, Grant
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K, Romaniuk
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C. MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected malignant spinal cord compression. British Journal of Radiology
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74, 15–23, 2001
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11227772" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11227772</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref5"><p id="p-375">
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<strong>Kato 2015</strong>
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</p>Kato
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S, Hozumi
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T, Yamakawa
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K, et al
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META: an MRI-based scoring system differentiating metastatic from osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Spine Journal, 15, 1563–70, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25777741" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25777741</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref6"><p id="p-376">
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<strong>Kim 2000</strong>
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</p>Kim
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J, Learch
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T, Colletti
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P, et al
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Diagnosis of vertebral metastasis, epidural metastasis, and malignant spinal cord compression: are T(1)-weighted sagittal images sufficient?
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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18, 819–24, 2000
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11027875" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11027875</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref7"><p id="p-377">
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<strong>Kim 2020</strong>
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</p>Kim
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S, Lee
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J. (2020) Diagnostic performance of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for differentiation of benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures; A meta-analysis. World Neurosurgery, 137: e626–e633, 2020
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32105873" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32105873</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref8"><p id="p-378">
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<strong>Laufer 2009</strong>
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</p>Laufer
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I, Lis
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E, Pisinski
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L, et al
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The accuracy of [(18) F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as confirmed by biopsy in the diagnosis of spine metastases in a cancer population. Neurosurgery, 64, 107–4, 2009
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19145159" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19145159</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref9"><p id="p-379">
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<strong>Li 2019</strong>
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</p>Li
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K, Huang
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L, Lang
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Z, et al
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Reliability and Validity of Different MRI Sequences in Improving the Accuracy of Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Vertebral Fractures: A Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Roentgenology, 213, 427–436, 2019
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31039028" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31039028</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref10"><p id="p-380">
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<strong>Maeder 2018</strong>
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</p>Maeder
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Y, Dunet
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V, Richard
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R, et al
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Bone Marrow Metastases: T2-weighted Dixon Spin-Echo Fat Images Can Replace T1-weighted Spin-Echo Images. Radiology, 286, 948–959, 2018
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29095674" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29095674</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref11"><p id="p-381">
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<strong>Perry 2018</strong>
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</p>Perry
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M, and Sebro
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R. Accuracy of Opposed-phase Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Treated and Untreated Spinal Metastases. Academic Radiology, 25, 877–882, 2018
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29398437" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29398437</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref12"><p id="p-382">
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<strong>Phadke 2001</strong>
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</p>Phadke
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D, Lucas
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D, Madan
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S. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of vertebral and intervertebral disc lesions: specimen adequacy, diagnostic utility, and pitfalls. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 125, 1463–8, 2001
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11698003" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11698003</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref13"><p id="p-383">
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<strong>Razek 2009</strong>
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</p>Razek
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A, Sherif
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F. Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion tensor imaging in differentiating malignant from benign compressed vertebrae. Neuroradiology, 61, 1291–1296, 2019
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31492969" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31492969</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref14"><p id="p-384">
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<strong>Schmeel 2018</strong>
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|
</p>Schmeel
|
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F, Luetkens
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J, Feist
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A, et al
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Quantitative evaluation of T2* relaxation times for the differentiation of acute benign and malignant vertebral body fractures. European Journal of Radiology, 108, 59–65, 2018
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30396672" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30396672</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref15"><p id="p-385">
|
|
<strong>Schmeel 2021</strong>
|
|
</p>Schmeel
|
|
F, Enkirch
|
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S, Luetkens
|
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J, et al
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Vertebral Lesions: Combination of Diffusion-Weighted and Proton Density Fat Fraction Spine MRI. Clinical Neuroradiology, 31, 1059–1070, 2021
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8648653/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8648653</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33787957" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33787957</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref16"><p id="p-386">
|
|
<strong>Shi 2017</strong>
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|
</p>Shi
|
|
Y, Li
|
|
X, Zhang
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X, et al
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|
Differential diagnosis of hemangiomas from spinal osteolytic metastases using 3.0 T MRI: comparison of T1-weighted imaging, chemical-shift imaging, diffusion-weighted and contrast-enhanced imaging. Oncotarget, 8, 71095–71104, 2017
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5642620/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5642620</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050345" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29050345</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref17"><p id="p-387">
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|
<strong>Spinnato 2018</strong>
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|
</p>Spinnato
|
|
P, Bazzocchi
|
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A, Facchini
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G, et al
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Vertebral Fractures of Unknown Origin: Role of Computed Tomography-Guided Biopsy. International Journal of Spine Surgery, 12, 673–679, 2018
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6314342/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6314342</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30619670" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30619670</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref18"><p id="p-388">
|
|
<strong>Suh 2018</strong>
|
|
</p>Suh
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C, Yun
|
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S, Jin
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W, et al
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Diagnostic Performance of In-Phase and Opposed-Phase Chemical-Shift Imaging for Differentiating Benign and Malignant Vertebral Marrow Lesions: A Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Roentgenology
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|
211, W1–W10, 2018
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|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30160981" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30160981</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref19"><p id="p-389">
|
|
<strong>Taheri 2017</strong>
|
|
</p>Taheri
|
|
M, Mirzaei
|
|
H, Shahhamzei
|
|
S, et al
|
|
Comparison of chemical shift MR imaging findings between vertebral benign and metastatic lesions. International Journal of Cancer Management
|
|
10, e8661, 2017</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng234er6.ref20"><p id="p-390">
|
|
<strong>Zafar 2020</strong>
|
|
</p>Zafar
|
|
U, Malik
|
|
A, Shahzad
|
|
I, et al
|
|
Diagnostic accuracy of qualitative diffusion weighted MRI of spine in differentiating between benign and malignant vertebral fractures taking histopathology as gold standard. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
|
|
14, 390–392, 2020</div></p></li></ul></div></ul></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng234er6.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="niceng234er6.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/niceng234er6-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Review protocol for review question: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 240K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng234er6.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Search strategy (clinical/economic)</h3><p id="niceng234er6.appb.et1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/niceng234er6-appb-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Literature search strategies for review question: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 141K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng234er6.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Effectiveness evidence study selection</h3><p id="niceng234er6.appc.et1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/niceng234er6-appc-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Study selection for: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 95K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng234er6.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng234er6.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/niceng234er6-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Evidence tables for review question: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 505K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng234er6.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><p id="niceng234er6.appe.et1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/niceng234er6-appe-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Forest plots for review question: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 335K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng234er6.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE and modified GRADE tables</h3><p id="niceng234er6.appf.et1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/niceng234er6-appf-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">GRADE tables for review question: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 210K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng234er6.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="niceng234er6.appg.s1"><h4>Study selection for: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><div id="niceng234er6.apph.s1"><h4>Economic evidence tables for review question: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</h4><p>No evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Economic model</h3><div id="niceng234er6.appi.s1"><h4>Economic model for review question: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</h4><p>No economic analysis was conducted for this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng234er6.appj.s1"><h4>Excluded studies for review question: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</h4><div id="niceng234er6.appj.s1.1"><h5>Excluded diagnostic studies</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng234er6appjtab1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 10" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobniceng234er6appjtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng234er6.appj.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng234er6appjtab1">Table 10</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.appj.s1.2"><h5>Excluded economic studies</h5><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review. See <a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/NG234_Supp_2_Health_economics_pdf.pdf">supplement 2</a> for further information.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Research recommendations – full details</h3><div id="niceng234er6.appk.s1"><h4>Research recommendations for review question: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</h4><p>No research recommendations were made for this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng234er6.appl"><h3>Appendix L. Study data - diagnostic accuracy</h3><p id="niceng234er6.appl.et1"><a href="/books/NBK602764/bin/niceng234er6-appl-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Diagnostic accuracy data for review question: How effective are radiological imaging techniques in the diagnosis of spinal metastases, direct malignant infiltration of the spine or associated spinal cord compression?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 166K)</span></p></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final version</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews underpinning recommendations 1.5.1, 1.5.5 to 1.5.9 in the NICE guideline</p><p>These evidence reviews were developed by NICE</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="https://www.gov.wales/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2023.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK602764</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38635795" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">38635795</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng234er6tab1"><div id="niceng234er6.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PIRTO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng234er6.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng234er6.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng234er6.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Adults with suspected or confirmed<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>metastatic spinal disease</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>direct malignant infiltration of the spine.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p>Adults with suspected or confirmed spinal cord or nerve root compression because of<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>metastatic spinal disease</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>direct malignant infiltration of the spine</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng234er6.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng234er6.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For diagnosis of spinal metastasis / direct infiltration:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>T1 sequences (with/without contrast)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) sequences</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>T2 weighted sequences (to show the level and degree of compression of the cord / lesions within cord)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whole spine imaging</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CT (whole spine or other)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Image guided biopsy (for example for solitary metastasis)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Plain X-ray</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>FDG-PET-CT</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng234er6.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference standard (or comparator)</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng234er6.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>For <i>test and treat studies</i> comparisons are:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Routine imaging versus sign/symptom directed</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Delayed versus early imaging</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Different test sequences in comparison with each other</div></li></ul></p>
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<p>For <i>diagnostic accuracy studies</i> reference standard is:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical and radiological follow up (if no surgery/biopsy done)</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng234er6.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Target condition</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng234er6.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Metastatic spinal disease</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Direct malignant infiltration of the spine</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spinal cord compression associated with the above</div></li></ul>
|
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng234er6.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng234er6.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
|
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<b>Critical</b>
|
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</p>
|
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<p>For <i>test and treat</i> studies:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Overall survival</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Disease-related morbidity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurological/functional status</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li></ul></p>
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<p>For <i>diagnostic accuracy</i> studies:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity, specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></p>
|
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<p>
|
|
<b>Important</b>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Time to treatment</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Test-related morbidity, for example:</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Consequences of false positives</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Morbidity due to biopsy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Test failure (incomplete or cancelled test – for example due to anxiety or claustrophobia during MRI)</div></li></ul>
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</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CT: computed tomography; FDG-PET-CT: fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng234er6tab2"><div id="niceng234er6.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies.</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng234er6.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Index test or intervention</th><th id="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Reference standard or comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Target condition</th><th id="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref1" rid="niceng234er6.ref1">Allan 2009</a>
|
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</p>
|
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<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
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<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=424<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients with suspected malignant spinal cord compression referred via hotline</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patients with malignant spinal cord compression (Clinical Research and Audit group)</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
<p>Age and sex not reported.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Telephone hotline group (quick access to MRI)</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Control group (diagnosis following usual care)</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MSCC</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurological and functional status:<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Number of patients walking at time of diagnosis</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Time to treatment:<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Time from referral to diagnosis of MSCC</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref2" rid="niceng234er6.ref2">Bacher 2021</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>Switzerland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=95</p>
|
|
<p>Consecutive patients undergoing spine MRI (at a single institution) prior to cementoplasty for acute vertebral compression fractures.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 76 (l2) for those with benign lesions 63 (12) for those with malignant lesions</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI - single sagittal fast spin echo T2-weighted Dixon sequence</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiological follow-up (radiographs, CT, MRI, bone scans and PET-CT studies) and biopsy results, follow-up 9 months</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant VCF</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref3" rid="niceng234er6.ref3">Dearnley 2022</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=410</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer with bone involvement.</p>
|
|
<p>Age: (median, IQR)</p>
|
|
<p>MRI group: 74.3 (68.0–79.3)</p>
|
|
<p>Control group: 74.2 (68.5–79.3)</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: male n=410</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Screening spinal MRI</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>No screening MRI</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MSCC</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Overall survival</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurological and functional status</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref4" rid="niceng234er6.ref4">Husband 2001</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Prospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=280</p>
|
|
<p>Consecutive patients with suspected spinal cord compression undergoing MRI.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, median, years (range): 67 (23 – 89)</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=122; male n=158.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Plain radiograph and neurological examination</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiological follow-up (MRI carried out as soon as possible usually the next day)</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MSCC</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the X-ray plus neurological examination diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/ specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref5" rid="niceng234er6.ref5">Kato 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>Japan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=200</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with radiologically apparent collapse of thoracolumbar vertebra due to metastatic vertebral compression fractures or osteoporotic vertebral fractures.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): people with osteoporotic fractures 73 (11) people with metastatic fractures 64 (11)</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=130; male n=70.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical and radiological follow up of 60 days (if no surgery/biopsy done)</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant VCF</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref6" rid="niceng234er6.ref6">Kim 2000</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=57</p>
|
|
<p>Consecutive patients undergoing MRI for clinically suspected malignant spinal cord compression.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, median, years (range): 49 (22 – 87).</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=26; male n=31.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI - T1-weighted sagittal images only</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI – complete imaging studies of spinal column (T1 and T2 weighted sagittal images; and T1 and/or T2 weighted axial images. Based on agreement in diagnosis between 3 radiologists on examination of complete imaging study for each patient.</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MSCC</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis for different spinal metastases or MSCC divided according to external and internal standard :<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref7" rid="niceng234er6.ref7">Kim 2020</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=274 (in 5 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with vertebral compression fractures</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean years: range 60 to 72. SD not reported</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=92; male n=182.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>FDG-PET</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>FDG-PET/CT</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Composite reference standard of biopsy, clinical follow-up and repeat imaging</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant VCF</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the FDG-PET or FDG PET/CT diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref8" rid="niceng234er6.ref8">Laufer 2009</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=82</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with a previous diagnosis of cancer undergoing CT-guided biopsy of suspected malignant spinal column lesion.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 56. SD not reported.</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=49; male n=41.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>FDG-PET</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CT guided biopsy</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant spinal column lesions</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Test failure/success<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>diagnostic yield of biopsy</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=895</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with vertebral fractures</p>
|
|
<p>Age: mean ranged from 54.6 to 69 years across the studies</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=486; male n=409.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI chemical shift imaging</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI conventional sequences plus diffusion weighted imaging</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI conventional sequences</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI conventional sequences plus contrast enhanced images</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical and radiological follow up (if no surgery/biopsy done)</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant VCF</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref10" rid="niceng234er6.ref10">Maeder 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>Switzerland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=121</p>
|
|
<p>Consecutive patients undergoing whole spine MRI for suspected vertebral metastases.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 61.4 (11.8).</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=58; male n=63.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI – sagittal SE Dixon T2-weighted fat-only and water-only imaging.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI – sagittal SE T1-weighted and SE Dixon T2-weighted water-only images.</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical and radiological follow up of at least 8 months</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant BML</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref11" rid="niceng234er6.ref11">Perry 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=101</p>
|
|
<p>Patients undergoing opposed-phase MRI of the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 57.7 (14.1).</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=62; male n=39.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Opposed phase MRI</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical and radiological follow up (if no surgery/biopsy done) up to 2 years</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant BML</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref12" rid="niceng234er6.ref12">Phadke 2001</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=78</p>
|
|
<p>Patients undergoing CT guided fine needle aspiration biopsy for vertebral and intervertebral lesions (included patients without a known malignancy).</p>
|
|
<p>Age: not reported.</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=49; male n=29.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CT guided fine needle aspiration biopsy</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cytopathologist’s assessment of sample adequacy and diagnosis (if sample was adequate)</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant spinal lesions</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Test failure/success<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>diagnostic yield of biopsy</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref13" rid="niceng234er6.ref13">Razek 2019</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>Egypt</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=45</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with untreated compressed vertebrae undergoing MRI.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 56.14 (7.9).</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=22; male n=22.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI – T1 and T2 weighted and DTI</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant VCF</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref14" rid="niceng234er6.ref14">Schmeel 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>Germany</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=37</p>
|
|
<p>Consecutive patients with a suspected acute vertebral compression fracture or known primary malignancy and suspected pathological vertebral compression fracture.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 64.8 (16.5).</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=20; male n=17.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI – T2-weighted.</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant VCF</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref15" rid="niceng234er6.ref15">Schmeel 2021</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Prospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>Germany</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=55</p>
|
|
<p>Consecutive patients with untreated vertebral bone marrow lesions undergoing MRI.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 68 (14).</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=30; male n=25.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI - sagittal DWI and CSE-based MRI in addition to routine clinical spine MRI and chemical shift imaging</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical and radiological follow up (if no surgery/biopsy done) of at least 6 months</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant BML</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref16" rid="niceng234er6.ref16">Shi 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=53<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Consecutive patients with spinal haemangiomas</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Consecutive patients with spinal metastases</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 60.62 (8.23).</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=11; male n=16.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI – T1-weighted imaging with and without fat suppression, chemical shift imaging, DWI, and enhanced imaging at 3.0 T MRI.</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical and radiological follow up (if no surgery/biopsy done) of at least 6 months</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant BML</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref17" rid="niceng234er6.ref17">Spinnato 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=32</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with 1 or more non-traumatic vertebral fracture of unknown aetiology.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 57.1 (23.3).</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=19; male n=13.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CT guided biopsy</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Histopathologist’s assessment of sample adequacy and diagnosis</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant spinal lesions</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Test failure/success<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>diagnostic yield of biopsy</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=591</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with vertebral bone marrow lesions undergoing MRI</p>
|
|
<p>Age: ranged from 45 to 68 across studies</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=293; male n=277 (where reported).</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI chemical shift imaging</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical or radiological follow-up (range 1 to 20 months)</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant BML</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>malignant VCF</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref19" rid="niceng234er6.ref19">Taheri 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Prospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>Iran</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=51</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with vertebral focal lesions referred for routine MRI of the spine.</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 52.61 (13.52).</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=23; male n=28.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI – dual-phase chemical shift imaging</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical and radiological follow up (if no surgery/biopsy done)</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant BML</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref20" rid="niceng234er6.ref20">Zafar 2020</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Prospective cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>Pakistan</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=280</p>
|
|
<p>Patients with vertebral fractures on digital x ray of spine showing decreased vertebral body height, reduced disc intervertebral disc space or collapsed vertebra</p>
|
|
<p>Age, mean, years (SD): 42.61 (11.79).</p>
|
|
<p>Sex: female n=124; male n=156.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI – Plain and DWI.</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biopsy result / surgical pathology</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant VCF</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of the MRI diagnosis:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sensitivity/specificity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Likelihood ratios</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PPV, NPV</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BML: bone marrow lesions; CT: computed tomography; DTI: diffusion-tensor imaging; DWI: diffusion weighted imaging; FDG-PET: fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MSCC: metastatic spinal cord compression; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SD: standard deviation; VCF: vertebral compression fractures</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng234er6appjtab1"><div id="niceng234er6.appj.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK602764/table/niceng234er6.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng234er6.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Abdel-Wanis, M E; Solyman, Mohamed Tharwat Mahmoud; Hasan, Nahla Mohamed Ali (2011) Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating vertebral compression fractures caused by malignancy, osteoporosis, and infections. Journal of orthopaedic surgery (Hong Kong)
|
|
19(2): 145–50
|
|
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21857034" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21857034</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes do not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Abdullayev, N, Grose Hokamp, N, Lennartz, S
|
|
et al (2019) Improvements of diagnostic accuracy and visualization of vertebral metastasis using multi-level virtual non-calcium reconstructions from dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography. European radiology
|
|
29(11): 5941–5949
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31041562" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31041562</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Abedi, S.M.; Mardanshahi, A.; Zeanali, R. (2021) Added diagnostic value of SPECT to evaluate bone metastases in breast cancer patients with normal whole body bone scan. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine
|
|
12(3): 290–293
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8223046/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8223046</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34221278" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34221278</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Abikhzer, G., Srour, S., Fried, G.
|
|
et al (2016) Prospective comparison of whole-body bone SPECT and sodium 18F-fluoride PET in the detection of bone metastases from breast cancer. Nuclear Medicine Communications
|
|
37(11): 1160–1168
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27536906" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27536906</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Abrahm, J.L. (2004) Assessment and treatment of patients with malignant spinal cord compression. Journal of Supportive Oncology
|
|
2(5): 377–391
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15524067" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15524067</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Adamova, Blanka, Bednarik, Josef, Andrasinova, Tereza
|
|
et al (2015) Does lumbar spinal stenosis increase the risk of spondylotic cervical spinal cord compression?
|
|
24(12): 2946–53 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26038157" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26038157</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Adams, S, Baum, R P, Stuckensen, T
|
|
et al (1998) Prospective comparison of 18F-FDG PET with conventional imaging modalities (CT, MRI, US) in lymph node staging of head and neck cancer. European journal of nuclear medicine
|
|
25(9): 1255–60
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9724374" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9724374</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Adogwa, Owoicho, Rubio, Daniel R, Buchowski, Jacob M
|
|
et al (2022) Spine-specific skeletal related events and mortality in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a single-institution analysis. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine
|
|
36(1): 125–132
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33254136" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33254136</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Aggarwal, Ashish, Salunke, Pravin, Shekhar, Bala Raja
|
|
et al (2013) The role of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography combined in differentiating benign from malignant lesions contributing to vertebral compression fractures. Surgical neurology international
|
|
4(suppl5): 323–6 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3717528/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3717528</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23878766" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23878766</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref7" rid="niceng234er6.ref7">Kim 2020</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ahn, Ji Eun, Lee, Jeong Hyun, Yi, Jong Sook
|
|
et al (2008) Diagnostic accuracy of CT and ultrasonography for evaluating metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with thyroid cancer. World journal of surgery
|
|
32(7): 1552–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18408961" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18408961</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Algra, P R, Bloem, J L, Tissing, H
|
|
et al (1991) Detection of vertebral metastases: comparison between MR imaging and bone scintigraphy. Radiographics: a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|
|
11(2): 219–32
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2028061" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2028061</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes - do not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Alkalay, Ron N, Groff, Michael W, Stadelmann, Marc A
|
|
et al (2022) Improved estimates of strength and stiffness in pathologic vertebrae with bone metastases using CT-derived bone density compared with radiographic bone lesion quality classification. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine
|
|
36(1): 113–124
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9210826/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9210826</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34479191" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34479191</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Altehoefer, C, Ghanem, N, Hogerle, S
|
|
et al (2001) Comparative detectability of bone metastases and impact on therapy of magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy in patients with breast cancer. European journal of radiology
|
|
40(1): 16–23
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11673003" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11673003</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ambrosini, Valentina, Nanni, Cristina, Zompatori, Maurizio
|
|
et al (2010) (68)Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT in comparison with CT for the detection of bone metastasis in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging
|
|
37(4): 722–7
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20107793" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20107793</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
An, H S, Vaccaro, A R, Dolinskas, C A
|
|
et al (1991) Differentiation between spinal tumors and infections with magnetic resonance imaging. Spine
|
|
16(8suppl): 334–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1785083" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1785083</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Anatol’Evich Byvaltsev, V.; Stepanov, I.A.; Kichigin, A.I. (2019) The role of diffusion-weighted MRI of patients with spine metastases. Coluna/Columna
|
|
18(4): 289–293
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Andreasson, I, Petren-Mallmin, M, Strang, P
|
|
et al (1990) Diagnostic methods in planning palliation of spinal metastases. Anticancer research
|
|
10(3): 731–3
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1695079" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1695079</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes - do not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Anonymous. (2022) Correction to Lancet Oncol 2022; 23: 501–13 (The Lancet Oncology (2022) 23(4) (501–513), (S1470204522000924), (10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00092-4)). The Lancet Oncology
|
|
23(4): e161 [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00092-4" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Arevalo-Perez, Julio, Peck, Kyung K, Lyo, John K
|
|
et al (2015) Differentiating benign from malignant vertebral fractures using T1 -weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI
|
|
42(4): 1039–47
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5525155/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5525155</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25656545" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25656545</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Asa, Sertac, Sonmezoglu, Kerim, Uslu-Besli, Lebriz
|
|
et al (2021) Evaluation of F-18 DOPA PET/CT in the detection of recurrent or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparison with GA-68 DOTA-TATE PET/CT. Annals of nuclear medicine
|
|
35(8): 900–915
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33993425" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33993425</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Asilturk, Murad; Abdallah, Anas; Sofuoglu, Erhan Ozden (2020) Radiologic-Histopathologic Correlation of Adult Spinal Tumors: A Retrospective Study. Asian journal of neurosurgery
|
|
15(2): 354–362
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7335153/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7335153</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32656132" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32656132</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Baker, L L, Goodman, S B, Perkash, I
|
|
et al (1990) Benign versus pathologic compression fractures of vertebral bodies: assessment with conventional spin-echo, chemical-shift, and STIR MR imaging. Radiology
|
|
174(2): 495–502
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2296658" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2296658</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Baleriaux, D; Matos, C; De Greef, D (1993) Gadodiamide injection as a contrast medium for MRI of the central nervous system: a comparison with gadolinium-DOTA. Neuroradiology
|
|
35(7): 490–4
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8232870" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8232870</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator - does not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Balliu, E, Vilanova, J C, Pelaez, I
|
|
et al (2009) Diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficients to differentiate benign from malignant vertebral bone marrow lesions. European journal of radiology
|
|
69(3): 560–6
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18276098" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18276098</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Balogova, Sona, Zakoun, Joseph Ben, Michaud, Laure
|
|
et al (2014) Whole-body 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT and MRI of the spine for monitoring patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer metastatic to bone: a pilot study. Clinical nuclear medicine
|
|
39(11): 951–9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25140552" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25140552</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes - do not match review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Baur, A, Huber, A, Ertl-Wagner, B
|
|
et al (2001) Diagnostic value of increased diffusion weighting of a steady-state free precession sequence for differentiating acute benign osteoporotic fractures from pathologic vertebral compression fractures. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
|
|
22(2): 366–72
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7973927/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7973927</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11156785" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11156785</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Baur, A, Stabler, A, Bruning, R
|
|
et al (1998) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of bone marrow: differentiation of benign versus pathologic compression fractures. Radiology
|
|
207(2): 349–56
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9577479" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9577479</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Baur, Andrea, Stabler, Axel, Arbogast, Susanne
|
|
et al (2002) Acute osteoporotic and neoplastic vertebral compression fractures: fluid sign at MR imaging. Radiology
|
|
225(3): 730–5
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12461253" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12461253</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bazzocchi, Alberto, Spinnato, Paolo, Garzillo, Giorgio
|
|
et al (2012) Detection of incidental vertebral fractures in breast imaging: the potential role of MR localisers. European radiology
|
|
22(12): 2617–23
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22688128" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22688128</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Beeler, Whitney H, Paradis, Kelly C, Gemmete, Joseph J
|
|
et al (2019) Computed Tomography Myelosimulation Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging Registration to Delineate the Spinal Cord During Spine Stereotactic Radiosurgery. World neurosurgery
|
|
122: e655–e666
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30992117" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30992117</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bhugaloo, Aa, Abdullah, Bjj, Siow, Ys
|
|
et al (2006) Diffusion weighted MR imaging in acute vertebral compression fractures: differentiation between malignant and benign causes. Biomedical imaging and intervention journal
|
|
2(2): e12
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3097619/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3097619</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21614224" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21614224</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (Liu 2019)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bierry, Guillaume, Venkatasamy, Aina, Kremer, Stephane
|
|
et al (2014) Dual-energy CT in vertebral compression fractures: performance of visual and quantitative analysis for bone marrow edema demonstration with comparison to MRI. Skeletal radiology
|
|
43(4): 485–92
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24445957" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24445957</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Boesen, J, Johnsen, A, Helweg-Larsen, S
|
|
et al (1991) Diagnostic value of spinal computer tomography in patients with intraspinal metastases causing complete block on myelography. Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)
|
|
32(1): 1–2
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2012721" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2012721</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bohdiewicz, Paul J, Wong, Ching-Yee O, Kondas, David
|
|
et al (2003) High predictive value of F-18 FDG PET patterns of the spine for metastases or benign lesions with good agreement between readers. Clinical nuclear medicine
|
|
28(12): 966–70
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14663317" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14663317</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bohuslavizki, K.H., Klutmann, S., Buchert, R.
|
|
et al (1999) Value of F-18-FOG PET in patients with cervical lymph node metastases of unknown origin. Radiology and Oncology
|
|
33(3): 207–213
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Boker, Sarah M, Adams, Lisa C, Bender, Yvonne Y
|
|
et al (2019) Differentiation of Predominantly Osteoblastic and Osteolytic Spine Metastases by Using Susceptibility-weighted MRI. Radiology
|
|
290(1): 146–154
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30375926" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30375926</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Boogerd, W. and Kroger, R. (1991) Intravenous contrast in spinal computed tomography to identify epidural metastases. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|
|
93(3): 195–199
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1660371" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1660371</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Boogerd, W; van der Sande, J J; Kroger, R (1992) Early diagnosis and treatment of spinal epidural metastasis in breast cancer: a prospective study. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
|
|
55(12): 1188–93
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1015337/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1015337</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1479399" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1479399</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Borggrefe, Jan, Neuhaus, Victor-Frederic, Le Blanc, Markus
|
|
et al (2019) Accuracy of iodine density thresholds for the separation of vertebral bone metastases from healthy-appearing trabecular bone in spectral detector computed tomography. European radiology
|
|
29(6): 3253–3261
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30523450" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30523450</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bredella, Miriam A, Essary, Brendan, Torriani, Martin
|
|
et al (2008) Use of FDG-PET in differentiating benign from malignant compression fractures. Skeletal radiology
|
|
37(5): 405–13
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2271083/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2271083</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18278491" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18278491</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref7" rid="niceng234er6.ref7">Kim 2020</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Brunner, P., Chanalet, S., Sedat, J.
|
|
et al (2002) Percutaneous infiltrations of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. Seminars in Interventional Radiology
|
|
19(3): 219–228
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Buhmann Kirchhoff, Sonja, Becker, Christoph, Duerr, Hans Roland
|
|
et al (2009) Detection of osseous metastases of the spine: comparison of high resolution multi-detector-CT with MRI. European journal of radiology
|
|
69(3): 567–73
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18191356" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18191356</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol - unclear how patients were identified for the study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Burns, Joseph E, Yao, Jianhua, Wiese, Tatjana S
|
|
et al (2013) Automated detection of sclerotic metastases in the thoracolumbar spine at CT. Radiology
|
|
268(1): 69–78
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3689444/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3689444</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23449957" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23449957</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol - case control design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Buyukdereli, Gulgun, Ermin, Tahsin, Kara, Oguz
|
|
et al (2006) Tc-99m MIBI uptake in traumatic vertebral fractures and metastatic vertebral lesions: comparison with Tc-99m MDP. Advances in therapy
|
|
23(1): 33–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16644620" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16644620</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Byun, Woo Mok, Jang, Han Won, Kim, Sang Woo
|
|
et al (2007) Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of sacral insufficiency fractures: comparison with metastases of the sacrum. Spine
|
|
32(26): e820–4
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18091477" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18091477</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Byun, Woo Mok, Shin, Sei One, Chang, Yongmin
|
|
et al (2002) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of metastatic disease of the spine: assessment of response to therapy. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
|
|
23(6): 906–12
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7976927/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7976927</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12063214" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12063214</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Castillo, M, Arbelaez, A, Smith, J K
|
|
et al (2000) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging offers no advantage over routine noncontrast MR imaging in the detection of vertebral metastases. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
|
|
21(5): 948–53
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7976774/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7976774</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10815675" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10815675</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Castroneves, LA, Coura Filho, G, de Freitas, RMC
|
|
et al (2018) Comparison of 68Ga PET/CT to Other Imaging Studies in Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Superiority in Detecting Bone Metastases. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
|
|
103(9): 3250–3259
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29846642" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29846642</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chabot, M.C. and Herkowitz, H.N. (1995) Spine tumors: Patient evaluation. Seminars in Spine Surgery
|
|
7(4): 260–268
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chadwick, D.J., Gingell, J.C., Gillatt, D.A.
|
|
et al (1991) Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal metastases. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
|
|
84(4): 196–200
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1293180/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1293180</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2027142" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2027142</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chan, J H M, Peh, W C G, Tsui, E Y K
|
|
et al (2002) Acute vertebral body compression fractures: discrimination between benign and malignant causes using apparent diffusion coefficients. The British journal of radiology
|
|
75(891): 207–14
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11932212" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11932212</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chan, Jimmy Yu Wai, Chan, Richie Chiu Lung, Chow, Velda Ling Yu
|
|
et al (2013) Efficacy of fine-needle aspiration in diagnosing cervical nodal metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. The Laryngoscope
|
|
123(1): 134–9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22907783" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22907783</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chen, C J and Hsu, W C (1997) Imaging findings of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi
|
|
96(4): 283–7
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9136517" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9136517</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chen, Hongliang, Xie, Biao, Zhong, Xin
|
|
et al (2021) Magnetic Resonance Image under Variable Model Algorithm in Diagnosis of Patients with Spinal Metastatic Tumors. Contrast media & molecular imaging
|
|
2021:1381274
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8384545/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8384545</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34483780" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34483780</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chen, Y, Zhang, E, Wang, Q
|
|
et al (2021) Use of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for the early assessment of outcome of CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with spinal metastases. Clinical radiology
|
|
76(11): 864e1–864e6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34404514" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34404514</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chiewvit, Pipat, Danchaivijitr, Nasuda, Sirivitmaitrie, Kaewta
|
|
et al (2009) Does magnetic resonance imaging give value-added than bone scintigraphy in the detection of vertebral metastasis?. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet
|
|
92(6): 818–29
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19530588" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19530588</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cho, Se Jin, Suh, Chong Hyun, Baek, Jung Hwan
|
|
et al (2019) Diagnostic performance of CT in detection of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European radiology
|
|
29(9): 4635–4647
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30806803" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30806803</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cho, Won-Ik and Chang, Ung-Kyu (2011) Comparison of MR imaging and FDG-PET/CT in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine
|
|
14(2): 177–83
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21214309" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21214309</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref7" rid="niceng234er6.ref7">Kim 2020</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ciray, I, Lindman, H, Astrom, K G
|
|
et al (2001) Early response of breast cancer bone metastases to chemotherapy evaluated with MR imaging. Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)
|
|
42(2): 198–206
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11259949" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11259949</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Colletti, P M, Dang, H T, Deseran, M W
|
|
et al (1991) Spinal MR imaging in suspected metastases: correlation with skeletal scintigraphy. Magnetic resonance imaging
|
|
9(3): 349–55
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1881253" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1881253</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Colletti, P M, Siegel, H J, Woo, M Y
|
|
et al (1996) The impact on treatment planning of MRI of the spine in patients suspected of vertebral metastasis: an efficacy study. Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society
|
|
20(3): 159–62
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8930468" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8930468</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cook, A M, Lau, T N, Tomlinson, M J
|
|
et al (1998) Magnetic resonance imaging of the whole spine in suspected malignant spinal cord compression: impact on management. Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
|
|
10(1): 39–43
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9543614" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9543614</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cox, M., Pukenas, B., Poplawski, M.
|
|
et al (2016) CT-guided Cervical Bone Biopsy in 43 Patients: Diagnostic Yield and Safety at Two Large Tertiary Care Hospitals. Academic Radiology
|
|
23(11): 1372–1375
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27555546" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27555546</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cuenod, C A, Laredo, J D, Chevret, S
|
|
et al (1996) Acute vertebral collapse due to osteoporosis or malignancy: appearance on unenhanced and gadolinium-enhanced MR images. Radiology
|
|
199(2): 541–9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8668809" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8668809</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dandekar, M R, Kannan, S, Rangarajan, V
|
|
et al (2011) Utility of PET in unknown primary with cervical metastasis: a retrospective study. Indian journal of cancer
|
|
48(2): 181–6
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21768663" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21768663</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
De Bruin, H.G., Algra, P.R., Kruyt, R.H.
|
|
et al (1999) Comparison of the FISP 2D sequence with spin echo T1 weighted images before and after intravenous Gd-chelates in detection and evaluation of spinal metastases. Image Decisions MRI
|
|
3(4): 10–15
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria – not available in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Delpassand, E S, Garcia, J R, Bhadkamkar, V
|
|
et al (1995) Value of SPECT imaging of the thoracolumbar spine in cancer patients. Clinical nuclear medicine
|
|
20(12): 1047–51
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8674287" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8674287</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Demirdogen, Ezgi, Ursavas, Ahmet, Aydin Guclu, Ozge
|
|
et al (2020) Diagnostic performance of EBUS-TBNA and its interrelation with PET-CT in patients with extra-thoracic malignancies. Tuberkuloz ve toraks
|
|
68(3): 285–292
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33295727" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33295727</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Donners, R., Hirschmann, A., Gutzeit, A.
|
|
et al (2021) T2-weighted Dixon MRI of the spine: A feasibility study of quantitative vertebral bone marrow analysis. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging
|
|
102(78): 431–438
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612414" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33612414</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Douis, H, Davies, A M, Jeys, L
|
|
et al (2016) Chemical shift MRI can aid in the diagnosis of indeterminate skeletal lesions of the spine. European radiology
|
|
26(4): 932–40
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26162578" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26162578</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Eissawy, M.G., Saadawy, A.M.I., Farag, K.
|
|
et al (2021) Accuracy and diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) in metastatic breast cancer. Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
|
|
52(1): 74
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Facon, David, Ozanne, Augustin, Fillard, Pierre
|
|
et al (2005) MR diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking in spinal cord compression. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
|
|
26(6): 1587–94
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8149058/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8149058</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15956535" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15956535</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a id="niceng234er6.appj.ref73"></a>Faiella, E., Santucci, D., Calabrese, A.
|
|
et al (2022) Artificial Intelligence in Bone Metastases: An MRI and CT Imaging Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|
|
19(3): 1880
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8834956/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8834956</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35162902" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35162902</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fan, Xiaojie, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Zhang, Zibo
|
|
et al (2021) Deep Learning on MRI Images for Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Spinal Bone Metastasis. Contrast media & molecular imaging
|
|
2021: 5294379
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8294999/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8294999</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34354553" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34354553</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref73" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref73">Faiella 2022</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fan, Xin, Zhang, Han, Yin, Yuzhen
|
|
et al (2020) Texture Analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Differential Diagnosis Spinal Metastases. Frontiers in medicine
|
|
7: 605746
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7843930/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7843930</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33521018" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33521018</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Feroz, Imza, Makhdoomi, Rumana Hamid, Khursheed, Nayil
|
|
et al (2018) Utility of Computed Tomography-guided Biopsy in Evaluation of Metastatic Spinal Lesions. Asian journal of neurosurgery
|
|
13(3): 577–584
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6159094/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6159094</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30283508" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30283508</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Filograna, Laura, Lenkowicz, Jacopo, Cellini, Francesco
|
|
et al (2019) Identification of the most significant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomic features in oncological patients with vertebral bone marrow metastatic disease: a feasibility study. La Radiologia medica
|
|
124(1): 50–57
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30191445" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30191445</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref73" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref73">Faiella 2022</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Frank, J A, Ling, A, Patronas, N J
|
|
et al (1990) Detection of malignant bone tumors: MR imaging vs scintigraphy. AJR. American journal of roentgenology
|
|
155(5): 1043–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2120933" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2120933</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Freire, A.R.S., Lima, E.N.P., Almeida, O.P.
|
|
et al (2003) Computed tomography and lymphoscintigraphy to identify lymph node metastases and lymphatic drainage pathways in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
|
|
260(3): 148–152
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12687387" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12687387</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fu, Tsai-Sheng, Chen, Li-Hui, Liao, Jen-Chung
|
|
et al (2004) Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of benign and malignant vertebral fractures. Chang Gung medical journal
|
|
27(11): 808–15
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15796256" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15796256</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gabriel, Michael, Decristoforo, Clemens, Donnemiller, Eveline
|
|
et al (2003) An intrapatient comparison of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC with 111In-DTPA-octreotide for diagnosis of somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors. Journal of nuclear medicine
|
|
44(5): 708–16
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12732671" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12732671</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gao, Y, Fang, J, Liu, X
|
|
et al (2006) [Diagnostic value of nuclide bone imaging for bone metastasis from lung cancer and clinic analysis]. Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer
|
|
9(4): 357–61
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176456" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21176456</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gauthe, Mathieu, Testart Dardel, Nathalie, Ruiz Santiago, Fernando
|
|
et al (2018) Vertebral metastases from neuroendocrine tumours: How to avoid false positives on 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET using CT pattern analysis?. European radiology
|
|
28(9): 3943–3952
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29532242" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29532242</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Geith, Tobias, Biffar, Andreas, Schmidt, Gerwin
|
|
et al (2015) Physiological Background of Differences in Quantitative Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Between Acute Malignant and Benign Vertebral Body Fractures: Correlation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient With Quantitative Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using the 2-Compartment Exchange Model. Journal of computer assisted tomography
|
|
39(5): 643–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26248148" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26248148</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Geith, Tobias, Biffar, Andreas, Schmidt, Gerwin
|
|
et al (2013) Quantitative analysis of acute benign and malignant vertebral body fractures using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. AJR. American journal of roentgenology
|
|
200(6): w635–43
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23701095" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23701095</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Geith, Tobias, Schmidt, Gerwin, Biffar, Andreas
|
|
et al (2014) Quantitative evaluation of benign and malignant vertebral fractures with diffusion-weighted MRI: what is the optimum combination of b values for ADC-based lesion differentiation with the single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence?. American journal of roentgenology
|
|
203(3): 582–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25148160" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25148160</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Geneidi, E.A.S.; Ali, H.I.; Dola, E.F. (2016) Role of DWI in characterization of bone tumors. Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
|
|
47(3): 919–927
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ghanem, Nadir Alexander, Pache, Gregor, Lohrmann, Christian
|
|
et al (2007) MRI and (18)FDG-PET in the assessment of bone marrow infiltration of the spine in cancer patients. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
|
|
16(11): 1907–12 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2223344/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2223344</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17404763" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17404763</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gosfield, E
|
|
3rd; Alavi, A; Kneeland, B (1993) Comparison of radionuclide bone scans and magnetic resonance imaging in detecting spinal metastases. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
|
|
34(12): 2191–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8254410" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8254410</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gravel, Guillaume, Tselikas, Lambros, Moulin, Benjamin
|
|
et al (2019) Early detection with MRI of incomplete treatment of spine metastases after percutaneous cryoablation. European radiology
|
|
29(10): 5655–5663
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30877460" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30877460</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gross, N.D., Weissman, J.L., Talbot, J.M.
|
|
et al (2001) MRI detection of cervical metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Laryngoscope
|
|
111(11i): 1905–1909
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11801967" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11801967</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gualdi, GF, Casciani, E, Di Biasi, C
|
|
et al (1999) [The role of TC and MRI in the identification, characterization and staging of tumors of the spinal vertebrae]. La Clinica terapeutica
|
|
150(1): 51–65
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10367545" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10367545</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria – not available in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Guan, Youxin, Peck, Kyung K, Lyo, John
|
|
et al (2020) T1-weighted Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI to Differentiate Nonneoplastic and Malignant Vertebral Body Lesions in the Spine. Radiology
|
|
297(2): 382–389
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7643814/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7643814</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32870135" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32870135</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Guo, Marissa, Kolberg, Kristen L, Smith, Eleanor C
|
|
et al (2018) Predominance of Spinal Metastases Involving the Posterior Vertebral Body. World neurosurgery
|
|
119: e991–e996
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30114534" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30114534</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Guo, Shuai, Chen, Jie, Yang, Baohui
|
|
et al (2016) Establishment and evaluation of a prognostic model for surgical outcomes of patients with atlanto-axial dislocations. The Journal of international medical research
|
|
44(6): 1474–1482
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5536767/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5536767</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28322106" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28322106</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gupta, A., Chaturvedi, S., Jha, D.
|
|
et al (2019) Revisiting metastatic central nervous system tumors with unknown primary using clinicopathological findings: A single neurosciences institutional study. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology
|
|
62(3): 368–374
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31361222" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31361222</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ha, Ji Y, Jeon, Kyung N, Bae, Kyungsoo
|
|
et al (2017) Effect of Bone Reading CT software on radiologist performance in detecting bone metastases from breast cancer. The British journal of radiology
|
|
90(1072): 20160809
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5605069/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5605069</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28256905" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28256905</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hahn, Seok; Lee, Young Han; Suh, Jin-Suck (2018) Detection of vertebral metastases: a comparison between the modified Dixon turbo spin echo T2 weighted MRI and conventional T1 weighted MRI: a preliminary study in a tertiary centre. The British journal of radiology
|
|
91 (1085): 20170782
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6190773/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6190773</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29393668" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29393668</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hammon, Matthias, Dankerl, Peter, Tsymbal, Alexey
|
|
et al (2013) Automatic detection of lytic and blastic thoracolumbar spine metastases on computed tomography. European radiology
|
|
23(7): 1862–70
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3674341/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3674341</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23397381" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23397381</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Han, L J, Au-Yong, T K, Tong, W C
|
|
et al (1998) Comparison of bone single-photon emission tomography and planar imaging in the detection of vertebral metastases in patients with back pain. European journal of nuclear medicine
|
|
25(6): 635–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9618579" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9618579</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hao, S P and Ng, S H (2000) Magnetic resonance imaging versus clinical palpation in evaluating cervical metastasis from head and neck cancer. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery, 123(3): 324–7
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10964315" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10964315</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Harrison, S K; Ditchfield, M R; Waters, K (1998) Correlation of MRI and CSF cytology in the diagnosis of medulloblastoma spinal metastases. Pediatric radiology
|
|
28(8): 571–4
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9716623" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9716623</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol - medulloblastoma</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Henschke, Nicholas, Maher, Christopher G, Ostelo, Raymond W J G
|
|
et al (2013) Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews: cd008686
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10631455/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC10631455</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23450586" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23450586</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol - no imaging tests evaluated</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hoogcarspel, Stan J, Van der Velden, Joanne M, Lagendijk, Jan J W
|
|
et al (2014) The feasibility of utilizing pseudo CT-data for online MRI based treatment plan adaptation for a stereotactic radiotherapy treatment of spinal bone metastases. Physics in medicine and biology
|
|
59(23): 7383–91
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25386792" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25386792</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Horakova, M., Horak, T., Valosek, J.
|
|
et al (2022) Semi-automated detection of cervical spinal cord compression with the Spinal Cord Toolbox. Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery
|
|
12(4): 2261–2279
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8923862/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8923862</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35371944" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35371944</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hoshiai, Sodai, Masumoto, Tomohiko, Hanaoka, Shouhei
|
|
et al (2019) Clinical usefulness of temporal subtraction CT in detecting vertebral bone metastases. European journal of radiology
|
|
118: 175–180
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31439238" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31439238</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hsu, H.-C., Liao, T.-Y., Ro, L.-S.
|
|
et al (2019) Differences in Pain Intensity of Tumors Spread to the Anterior versus Anterolateral/Lateral Portions of the Vertebral Body Based on CT Scans. Pain Research and Management
|
|
2019: 9387941
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6535837/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6535837</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31214273" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31214273</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Huang, C W C, Ali, A, Chang, Y-M
|
|
et al (2020) Major Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes of Total Spine MRI Performed in the Emergency Department at a Major Academic Medical Center. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
|
|
41(6): 1120–1125
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7342750/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7342750</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32439645" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32439645</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Huang, T.-W., Chao, P.-C., Ou, J.-J.
|
|
et al (2006) Cervical spine metastases secondary to colorectal carcinoma: The role of MR imaging and treatment strategy. Journal of Medical Sciences
|
|
26(6): 215–218
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Iagaru, A., Young, P., Mittra, E.
|
|
et al (2013) Pilot prospective evaluation of 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy, 18F NaF PET/CT, 18F FDG PET/CT and whole-body MRI for detection of skeletal metastases. Clinical Nuclear Medicine
|
|
38(7): e290–e296
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23455520" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23455520</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ichimaru, K., Endo, K., Ito, K.
|
|
et al (1995) Spinal cord tumours: Diagnosis with myelogram of MRI?. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery
|
|
3(2): 35–39
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jacobson, A F, Cronin, E B, Stomper, P C
|
|
et al (1990) Bone scans with one or two new abnormalities in cancer patients with no known metastases: frequency and serial scintigraphic behavior of benign and malignant lesions. Radiology
|
|
175(1): 229–32
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2315486" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2315486</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kakitsubata, Yousuke, Theodorou, Daphne J, Theodorou, Stavroula J
|
|
et al (2009) Metastatic disease involving the discovertebral junction of the spine. Joint bone spine
|
|
76(1): 50–6
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18977681" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18977681</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol - cadaveric study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Karchevsky, Michael; Babb, James S; Schweitzer, Mark E (2008) Can diffusion-weighted imaging be used to differentiate benign from pathologic fractures? A meta-analysis. Skeletal radiology
|
|
37(9): 791–5
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18551290" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18551290</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol – does not report data relevant to diagnostic accuracy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kaufman, B A; Moran, C J; Park, T S (1995) Spinal magnetic resonance imaging immediately after craniotomy for detection of metastatic disease. Pediatric neurosurgery
|
|
23(4): 171–81
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8835206" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8835206</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kelly, Hillary R and Curtin, Hugh D (2017) Chapter 2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck-Imaging Evaluation of Regional Lymph Nodes and Implications for Management. Seminars in ultrasound, CT, and MR
|
|
38(5): 466–478
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29031364" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29031364</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kerslake, R W; Jaspan, T; Worthington, B S (1991) Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal trauma. The British journal of radiology
|
|
64(761): 386–402
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2036560" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2036560</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Khan, A., Gao, A., Hall, E.
|
|
et al (2017) Do Routine Computed Tomography Scans Detect Early Spinal Cord Compression in Patients with Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer? Implications for the PROMPTS Trial. Clinical Oncology
|
|
29(3): e87–e87
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Publication type – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kim, D.W., Kim, S.C., Krynyckyi, B.R.
|
|
et al (2005) Focally increased activity in the lateral aspect of the mid cervical spine on bone scintigraphy is almost always benign in nature. Clinical Nuclear Medicine
|
|
30(9): 593–595
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16100474" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16100474</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kim, Seong-Jang and Lee, Jung Sub (2020) Diagnostic Performance of F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography or Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Meta-Analysis. World neurosurgery
|
|
137: e626–e633
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32105873" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32105873</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria – duplicate publication</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kizilay, F., Sahin, M., Simsir, A.
|
|
et al (2020) Predictive value of bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer bone metastases and comparison of verification methods. Kuwait Medical Journal
|
|
52(4): 368–374
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kosuda, S, Kaji, T, Yokoyama, H
|
|
et al (1996) Does bone SPECT actually have lower sensitivity for detecting vertebral metastasis than MRI?. Journal of nuclear medicine, 37(6): 975–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8683325" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8683325</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Krabbe, Christiaan A, van der Werff-Regelink, Gerreke, Pruim, Jan
|
|
et al (2010) Detection of cervical metastases with (11)C-tyrosine PET in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx: A comparison with (18)F-FDG PET. Head & neck
|
|
32(3): 368–74
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19626632" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19626632</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kubota, Takao, Yamada, Kei, Ito, Hirotoshi
|
|
et al (2005) High-resolution imaging of the spine using multidetector-row computed tomography: differentiation between benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures. Journal of computer assisted tomography
|
|
29(5): 712–9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16163049" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16163049</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lang, Ning, Su, Min-Ying, Yu, Hon J
|
|
et al (2013) Differentiation of myeloma and metastatic cancer in the spine using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Magnetic resonance imaging
|
|
31(8): 1285–91
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3620894/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3620894</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23290477" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23290477</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference standard – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lauenstein, T.C., Freudenberg, L.S., Goehde, S.C.
|
|
et al (2002) Whole-body MRI using a rolling table platform for the detection of bone metastases. European Radiology
|
|
12(8): 2091–2099
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12136329" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12136329</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lee, Eugene, Lee, Joon Woo, Lee, Jinyoung
|
|
et al (2016) Acute benign vertebral compression fractures: “see-through sign” on contrast-enhanced MR images. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
|
|
25(11): 3470–3477 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26538157" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26538157</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Li, X F, Yang, Y, Lin, C B
|
|
et al (2016) Assessment of the diagnostic value of diffusion tensor imaging in patients with spinal cord compression: a meta-analysis. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas
|
|
49(1): e4769
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4681415/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4681415</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26628393" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26628393</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Libshitz, H I, Malthouse, S R, Cunningham, D
|
|
et al (1992) Multiple myeloma: appearance at MR imaging. Radiology
|
|
182(3): 833–7
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1535904" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1535904</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lin, Fan; Lei, Yi; Li, Yang-bin (2009) Influence of lesion ratio on diagnostic performance of in-phase/opposed-phase imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient for differentiating acute benign vertebral fractures and metastases. Chinese medical journal
|
|
122(11): 1293–9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19567140" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19567140</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Liu, H., Jiao, M., Yuan, Y.
|
|
et al (2022) Benign and malignant diagnosis of spinal tumors based on deep learning and weighted fusion framework on MRI. Insights into Imaging
|
|
13(1): 87
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9091071/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9091071</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35536493" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35536493</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Liu, J., Guo, W., Zeng, P.
|
|
et al (2022) Vertebral MRI-based radiomics model to differentiate multiple myeloma from metastases: influence of features number on logistic regression model performance. European Radiology
|
|
32(1): 572–581
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34255157" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34255157</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Liu, Peng, Liang, Yun, Bian, Chong
|
|
et al (2020) Diagnostic accuracy of MR, CT, and ECT in the differentiation of neoplastic from nonneoplastic spine lesions. Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology
|
|
16(5): e192-e197
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32506805" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32506805</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Liu, Tao, Wang, Shenghao, Liu, Hao
|
|
et al (2017) Detection of vertebral metastases: a meta-analysis comparing MRI, CT, PET, BS and BS with SPECT. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
|
|
143(3): 457–465
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27752772" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27752772</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies were assessed for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Luboldt, W, Küfer, R, Blumstein, N
|
|
et al (2008) Prostate carcinoma: diffusion-weighted imaging as potential alternative to conventional MR and 11C-choline PET/CT for detection of bone metastases. Radiology
|
|
249(3): 1017–25
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18849502" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18849502</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Luo, Zhanpeng, Litao, Li, Gu, Suxi
|
|
et al (2016) Standard-b-value vs low-b-value DWI for differentiation of benign and malignant vertebral fractures: a meta-analysis. The British journal of radiology
|
|
89(1058): 20150384
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4985191/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4985191</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26612466" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26612466</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lv, Mu, Zhou, Zhichao, Tang, Qingkun
|
|
et al (2020) Differentiation of usual vertebral compression fractures using CT histogram analysis as quantitative biomarkers: A proof-of-principle study. European journal of radiology
|
|
131: 109264
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32920220" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32920220</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Maeda, Masayuki, Sakuma, Hajime, Maier, Stephan E
|
|
et al (2003) Quantitative assessment of diffusion abnormalities in benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures by line scan diffusion-weighted imaging. AJR. American journal of roentgenology
|
|
181(5): 1203–9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14573404" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14573404</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mahnken, Andreas H, Wildberger, Joachim E, Adam, Gerhard
|
|
et al (2005) Is there a need for contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI of the spine after inconspicuous short tau inversion recovery imaging?. European radiology
|
|
15(7): 1387–92
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15776239" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15776239</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Maralani, P.J., Lo, S.S., Redmond, K.
|
|
et al (2017) Spinal metastases: multimodality imaging in diagnosis and stereotactic body radiation therapy planning. Future Oncology
|
|
13(1): 77–91
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27523190" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27523190</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Matsumoto, Yoshihiro, Harimaya, Katsumi, Kawaguchi, Kenichi
|
|
et al (2016) Dumbbell Scoring System: A New Method for the Differential Diagnosis of Malignant and Benign Spinal Dumbbell Tumors. Spine
|
|
41(20): e1230–e1236
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27031767" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27031767</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
McKinley, W O, Conti-Wyneken, A R, Vokac, C W
|
|
et al (1996) Rehabilitative functional outcome of patients with neoplastic spinal cord compressions. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
|
|
77(9): 892–5
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8822680" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8822680</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Meena, Rajesh, Aggarwal, Ashish, Bhattacharya, Anish
|
|
et al (2019) Non traumatic vertebral lesions: incremental utility of PET-CT over MRI and FNAC in a suggested diagnostic algorithm. British journal of neurosurgery
|
|
33(1): 25–29
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28282998" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28282998</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mehta, R C, Marks, M P, Hinks, R S
|
|
et al (1995) MR evaluation of vertebral metastases: T1-weighted, short-inversion-time inversion recovery, fast spin-echo, and inversion-recovery fast spin-echo sequences. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
|
|
16(2): 281–8
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8338328/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8338328</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7726074" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7726074</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Metin, M., Ergin, M., Solak, O.
|
|
et al (2012) Effectiveness of PET scan in postoperative long term follow up of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine
|
|
3(1): 30–32
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Metser, Ur, Lerman, Hedva, Blank, Annat
|
|
et al (2004) Malignant involvement of the spine: assessment by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Journal of nuclear medicine, 45(2): 279–84
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14960648" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14960648</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mihoubi Bouvier, Fadila, Thomas De Montpreville, Vincent, Besse, Benjamin
|
|
et al (2021) Can MRI differentiate surrounding vertebral invasion from reactive inflammatory changes in superior sulcus tumor?. European radiology
|
|
31(12): 8991–8999
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33991225" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33991225</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mohson, K.I.; Naief, Q.T.; Jalil, F.A. (2020) Differentiating benign from suspicious vertebral marrow lesions detected with conventional magnetic resonance imaging using apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion-weighted image. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
|
|
8(b): 114–118
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mossa-Basha, M., Gerszten, P.C., Myrehaug, S.
|
|
et al (2019) Spinal metastasis: Diagnosis, management and followup. British Journal of Radiology
|
|
92(1103): 20190211
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6849675/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6849675</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31322920" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31322920</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mostardi, P M, Diehn, F E, Rykken, J B
|
|
et al (2014) Intramedullary spinal cord metastases: visibility on PET and correlation with MRI features. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
|
|
35(1): 196–201
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7966499/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7966499</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23886743" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23886743</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mubarak, Fatima and Akhtar, Waseem (2011) Acute vertebral compression fracture: differentiation of malignant and benign causes by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|
|
61(6): 555–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22204209" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22204209</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nakanishi, K, Kobayashi, M, Nakaguchi, K
|
|
et al (2007) Whole-body MRI for detecting metastatic bone tumor: diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted images. Magnetic resonance in medical sciences, 6(3): 147–55
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18037795" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18037795</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Narin, Y., Urhan, M., Canpolat, N.
|
|
et al (2007) Lesion detectability and clinical effectiveness of dual-head coincidence gamma camera imaging in comparison with dedicated PET systems in tumour patients. Journal of International Medical Research
|
|
35(4): 467–473
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17697523" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17697523</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nozaki, T, Yasuda, K, Akashi, T
|
|
et al (2008) Usefulness of single photon emission computed tomography imaging in the detection of lumbar vertebral metastases from prostate cancer. International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association
|
|
15(6): 516–9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18422581" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18422581</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ohlmann-Knafo, S, Tarnoki, A D, Tarnoki, D L
|
|
et al (2015) MR Diagnosis of Bone Metastases at 1.5 T and 3 T: Can STIR Imaging Be Omitted?. RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin
|
|
187(10): 924–32
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26085176" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26085176</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ohno, Seiichiro, Togami, Izumi, Sei, Tetsuro
|
|
et al (2003) MR imaging of vertebral metastases at 0.2 Tesla: clinical evaluation of T1-weighted opposed-phase gradient-echo imaging. Physiological chemistry and physics and medical NMR
|
|
35(2): 145–56
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15552725" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15552725</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Otake, S, Matsuo, M, Tamaki, T
|
|
et al (1991) [Fast MR imaging of liver metastasis using FLASH and FISP--optimal sequences for T1- and T2*-weighted images]. Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai zasshi. Nippon acta radiologica
|
|
51(1): 19–32
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2011477" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2011477</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Oztekin, Ozgur, Ozan, Ebru, Hilal Adibelli, Zehra
|
|
et al (2009) SSH-EPI diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the spine with low b values: is it useful in differentiating malignant metastatic tumor infiltration from benign fracture edema?. Skeletal radiology
|
|
38(7): 651–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19252906" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19252906</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Park, Chankue, Lee, Joon Woo, Kim, Yongju
|
|
et al (2019) Diagnosis of spinal metastasis: are MR images without contrast medium application sufficient?. Clinical imaging
|
|
55: 165–173
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30904626" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30904626</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Publication type – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Park, Hee Jin, Lee, So Yeon, Rho, Myung Ho
|
|
et al (2016) Single-Shot Echo-Planar Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging at 3T and 1.5T for Differentiation of Benign Vertebral Fracture Edema and Tumor Infiltration. Korean journal of radiology
|
|
17(5): 590–7
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5007386/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5007386</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27587948" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27587948</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Park, Sang-Min, Park, Jae-Woo, Lee, Hui-Jong
|
|
et al (2017) Diagnostic Value of Technetium-99m Bone Scintigraphy in the Detection of Cervical Spine Metastases in Oncological Patients. Spine
|
|
42(22): 1699–1705
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28368988" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28368988</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Park, Sun-Won, Lee, Joo-Hyuk, Ehara, Shigeru
|
|
et al (2004) Single shot fast spin echo diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the spine; Is it useful in differentiating malignant metastatic tumor infiltration from benign fracture edema?. Clinical imaging
|
|
28(2): 102–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15050221" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15050221</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Park, Sunghoon, Yoon, Joon-Kee, Chung, Nam-Su
|
|
et al (2018) Correlations between intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging parameters and 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters in patients with vertebral bone metastases: initial experience. The British journal of radiology
|
|
91(1086): 20170889
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6223291/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6223291</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29509489" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29509489</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Perrin-Resche, I, Bizais, Y, Buhe, T
|
|
et al (1993) How does iliac crest bone marrow biopsy compare with imaging in the detection of bone metastases in small cell lung cancer?. European journal of nuclear medicine
|
|
20(5): 420–5
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8390936" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8390936</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Petren-Mallmin, M (1994) Clinical and experimental imaging of breast cancer metastases in the spine. Acta radiologica. Supplementum
|
|
391: 1–23
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8172006" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8172006</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Petren-Mallmin, M, Nordstrom, B, Andreasson, I
|
|
et al (1992) MR imaging with histopathological correlation in vertebral metastases of breast cancer. Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)
|
|
33(3): 213–20
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1591122" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1591122</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pongpornsup, Sopa; Wajanawichakorn, Phromphiang; Danchaivijitr, Nasuda (2009) Benign versus malignant compression fracture: a diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet
|
|
92(1): 64–72
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19260246" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19260246</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Poulsen, Mads H, Petersen, Henrik, Hoilund-Carlsen, Poul F
|
|
et al (2014) Spine metastases in prostate cancer: comparison of technetium-99m-MDP whole-body bone scintigraphy, [(18) F]choline positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography (CT) and [(18) F]NaF PET/CT. BJU international
|
|
114(6): 818–23
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24314065" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24314065</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pozzi, G, Garcia Parra, C, Stradiotti, P
|
|
et al (2012) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in differentiation between osteoporotic and neoplastic vertebral fractures. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
|
|
21suppl1: 123–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3325396/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3325396</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22411038" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22411038</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pozzi, Grazia, Albano, Domenico, Messina, Carmelo
|
|
et al (2018) Solid bone tumors of the spine: Diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient measured using diffusion-weighted MRI using histology as a reference standard. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging, 47(4): 1034–1042
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28755383" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28755383</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Prabhu, Vikram C, Bilsky, Mark H, Jambhekar, Kedar
|
|
et al (2003) Results of preoperative embolization for metastatic spinal neoplasms. Journal of neurosurgery
|
|
98(2suppl): 156–64
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12650400" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12650400</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Qi, Na, Meng, Qingyuan, You, Zhiwen
|
|
et al (2021) Standardized uptake values of 99mTc-MDP in normal vertebrae assessed using quantitative SPECT/CT for differentiation diagnosis of benign and malignant bone lesions. BMC medical imaging
|
|
21(1): 39
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7913396/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7913396</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33639883" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33639883</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Qin, Feng, Feng, Yapei, Zhang, Panpan
|
|
et al (2022) Diagnostic Value of Emission Computed Tomography Combined with Computed Tomography for Metastatic Malignant Tumor of Spine. Contrast media & molecular imaging
|
|
2022: 5847589
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9162862/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9162862</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35685665" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35685665</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Reginelli, Alfonso, Silvestro, Giustino, Fontanella, Giovanni
|
|
et al (2016) Performance status versus anatomical recovery in metastatic disease: The role of palliative radiation treatment. International journal of surgery (London, England)
|
|
33suppl1: 126–31 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27353845" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27353845</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ren, Hong; Lin, Wei; Ding, Xianjun (2017) Surface Coil Intensity Correction in Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Spinal Metastases. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland)
|
|
12: 138–143
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5471916/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5471916</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28730173" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28730173</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test - does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Runge, V.M., Bradley, W.G., Brant-Zawadzki, M.N.
|
|
et al (1991) Clinical safety and efficacy of gadoteridol: A study in 411 patients with suspected intracranial and spinal disease. Radiology
|
|
181(3): 701–709
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1947085" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1947085</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Saidha, N K, Ganguly, M, Sidhu, Harkirat Singh
|
|
et al (2013) The Role of 18 FDG PET-CT in Evaluation of Unknown Primary Tumours. Indian journal of surgical oncology
|
|
4(3): 236–41
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3771057/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3771057</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24426729" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24426729</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Savelli, G., Chiti, A., Grasselli, G.
|
|
et al (2000) The role of bone SPET study in diagnosis of single vertebral metastases. Anticancer Research
|
|
20(2b): 1115–1120
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10810405" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10810405</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Scarabino, T, Giannatempo, GM, Popolizio, T
|
|
et al (1996) Fast spin echo imaging of vertebral metastasis: comparison of fat suppression techniques (FSE-CHESS, STIR-FSE). Radiologia medica
|
|
92(3): 180–185
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8975299" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8975299</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria – not available in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Schiff, D and O’Neill, B P (1996) Intramedullary spinal cord metastases: clinical features and treatment outcome. Neurology
|
|
47(4): 906–12
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8857717" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8857717</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Schirrmeister, H, Guhlmann, A, Elsner, K
|
|
et al (1999) Sensitivity in detecting osseous lesions depends on anatomic localization: planar bone scintigraphy versus 18F PET. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
|
|
40(10): 1623–9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10520701" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10520701</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Schmidt, GP, Baur, A, Stäbler, A
|
|
et al (2005) Estimation of diffuse bone marrow infiltration of the spine in multiple myeloma: correlation of MRT with histological results. RoFo
|
|
177(5): 745–750
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15871089" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15871089</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria – not available in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sedonja, I and Budihna, N V (1999) The benefit of SPECT when added to planar scintigraphy in patients with bone metastases in the spine. Clinical nuclear medicine
|
|
24(6): 407–13
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10361935" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10361935</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Semirgin, S.U. (2019) SPECT/CT findings of suspicious vertebral metastasis on planar bone scintigraphy. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (Turkey)
|
|
36(4): 99–103
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Shah, Lubdha M and Salzman, Karen L (2011) Imaging of spinal metastatic disease. International journal of surgical oncology
|
|
2011: 769753
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3263660/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3263660</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22312523" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22312523</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sharma, Punit, Dhull, Varun Singh, Reddy, Rama Mohan
|
|
et al (2013) Hybrid SPECT-CT for characterizing isolated vertebral lesions observed by bone scintigraphy: comparison with planar scintigraphy, SPECT, and CT. Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey)
|
|
19(1): 33–40
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865157" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22865157</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Simsek, D.H., Sanli, Y., Civan, C.
|
|
et al (2020) Does bone scintigraphy still have a role in the era of 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT in prostate cancer?. Annals of Nuclear Medicine
|
|
34(7): 476–485
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32394269" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32394269</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sugimura, K, Kajitani, A, Okizuka, H
|
|
et al (1991) Assessing response to therapy of spinal metastases with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI
|
|
1(4): 481–4
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1665094" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1665094</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sung, Jin Kyeong, Jee, Won-Hee, Jung, Joon-Yong
|
|
et al (2014) Differentiation of acute osteoporotic and malignant compression fractures of the spine: use of additive qualitative and quantitative axial diffusion-weighted MR imaging to conventional MR imaging at 3.0 T. Radiology
|
|
271(2): 488–98
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24484060" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24484060</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tabotta, Flavian, Jreige, Mario, Schaefer, Niklaus
|
|
et al (2019) Quantitative bone SPECT/CT: high specificity for identification of prostate cancer bone metastases. BMC musculoskeletal disorders
|
|
20(1): 619
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6933900/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6933900</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31878904" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31878904</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tadros, M.Y. and Louka, A.L. (2016) Discrimination between benign and malignant in vertebral marrow lesions with diffusion weighted MRI and chemical shift. Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
|
|
47(2): 557–569
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tan, D Y L; Tsou, I Y Y; Chee, T S G (2002) Differentiation of malignant vertebral collapse from osteoporotic and other benign causes using magnetic resonance imaging. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
|
|
31(1): 8–14
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11885502" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11885502</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tan, Hui, Xu, Hui, Luo, Feifei
|
|
et al (2019) Combined intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in differentiation between osteoporotic and metastatic vertebral compression fractures. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research
|
|
14(1): 299
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6727483/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6727483</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488174" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31488174</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tang, Guangyu, Liu, Yong, Li, Wei
|
|
et al (2007) Optimization of b value in diffusion-weighted MRI for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant vertebral fractures. Skeletal radiology
|
|
36(11): 1035–41
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17786434" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17786434</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tariq, G., Singh, M., Feroze, S.
|
|
et al (2000) MRI-Evaluation of spinal pathology. JK Practitioner
|
|
7(3): 162–166
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Taskin, G.; Incesu, L.; Aslan, K. (2013) The value of apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in the differential diagnosis of vertebral bone marrow lesions. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
|
|
43(3): 379–387
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference standard – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Taylor, B V, Kimmel, D W, Krecke, K N
|
|
et al (1997) Magnetic resonance imaging in cancer-related lumbosacral plexopathy. Mayo Clinic proceedings
|
|
72(9): 823–9
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9294528" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9294528</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Thawait, Shrey K, Kim, Jihoon, Klufas, Roman A
|
|
et al (2013) Comparison of four prediction models to discriminate benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures according to MRI feature analysis. AJR. American journal of roentgenology
|
|
200(3): 493–502
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23436836" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23436836</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a id="niceng234er6.appj.ref199"></a>Thawait, Shrey K, Marcus, Matthew A, Morrison, William B
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|
et al (2012) Research synthesis: what is the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging to discriminate benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine
|
|
37(12): e736–44
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22210011" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22210011</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - systematic review - included studies were assessed for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Thomson, V., Pialat, J.-B., Gay, F.
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et al (2008) Whole-body MRI for metastases screening: A preliminary study using 3D VIBE sequences with automatic subtraction between noncontrast and contrast enhanced images. American Journal of Clinical Oncology: Cancer Clinical Trials
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31(3): 285–292 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18525309" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18525309</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tokuda, Osamu, Harada, Yuko, Ueda, Takaaki
|
|
et al (2011) Malignant versus benign vertebral compression fractures: can we use bone SPECT as a substitute for MR imaging?. Nuclear medicine communications
|
|
32(3): 192–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21150808" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21150808</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Traub-Weidinger, T, Von Guggenberg, E, Dobrozemsky, G
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et al (2010) Preliminary experience with (68)Ga-DOTA-lanreotide positron emission tomography. The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of...
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|
54(1): 52–60 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20168286" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20168286</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Tzeng, Y.-H., Chang, T.-Y., Huang, G.-S.
|
|
et al (2004) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for differentiating acute benign from pathologic compression fractures: A reinvestigation of the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging. Chinese Journal of Radiology
|
|
29(3): 109–115
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Uchida, Kenzo, Nakajima, Hideaki, Miyazaki, Tsuyoshi
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et al (2013) (18)F-FDG PET/CT for Diagnosis of Osteosclerotic and Osteolytic Vertebral Metastatic Lesions: Comparison with Bone Scintigraphy. Asian spine journal
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|
7(2): 96–103
|
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3669709/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3669709</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23741546" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23741546</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Van Veldhuizen, P J and Stephens, R L (1993) Evaluation of neoplastic spinal cord compressions. Kansas medicine : the journal of the Kansas Medical Society
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|
94(5): 130–2
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8326693" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8326693</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Venkitaraman, R, Sohaib, S A, Barbachano, Y
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|
et al (2007) Detection of occult spinal cord compression with magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
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19(7): 528–31
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17499490" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17499490</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Venkitaraman, Ramachandran, Barbachano, Yolanda, Dearnaley, David P
|
|
et al (2007) Outcome of early detection and radiotherapy for occult spinal cord compression. Radiotherapy and oncology, 85(3): 469–72
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18036691" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18036691</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Wang, Juan, Fang, Zhiyuan, Lang, Ning
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|
et al (2017) A multi-resolution approach for spinal metastasis detection using deep Siamese neural networks. Computers in biology and medicine
|
|
84: 137–146
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6042511/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6042511</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28364643" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28364643</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Wang, Li-Xia, Kong, Xiang-Quan, Shi, He-Shui
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|
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|
|
22(1): 9–12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17441310" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17441310</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Wang, Z., Yuan, L., Ma, D.
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et al (2016) 18F-FDG PET/CT can differentiate vertebral metastases from Schmorl’s nodes by distribution characteristics of the 18F-FDG. Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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|
19(3): 241–244
|
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27824963" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27824963</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
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|
et al (2006) Metastatic disease of the spine. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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|
14(11): 587–98
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17030592" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17030592</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
White, N. (2016) Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management. Hospital Medicine Clinics
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|
5(3): 452–465
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Wonglaksanapimon, Suwimon, Chawalparit, Orasa, Khumpunnip, Sutiporn
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|
et al (2012) Vertebral body compression fracture: discriminating benign from malignant causes by diffusion-weighted MR imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient value. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet
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|
95(1): 81–7
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22379746" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22379746</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
et al (2010) Application of whole body diffusion weighted imaging in bone metastasis. Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology
|
|
9(1): 44–47
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
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|
et al (2014) Is 18F-FDG PET/CT more reliable than 99mTc-MDP planar bone scintigraphy in detecting bone metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma?. Annals of Nuclear Medicine
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|
28(5): 411–416
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24610681" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24610681</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
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|
et al (2005) Use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate between acute benign and pathological vertebral fractures: Prospective study. Journal of the Hong Kong College of Radiologists
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|
8(1): 4–8
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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et al (2017) Benign versus malignant vertebral compression, chemical shift MR imaging, is it useful?. Iranian Journal of Radiology
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|
14(2): e42016
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Yueniwati, Yuyun and Widhiasi, Dhanti Erma (2015) Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Spondylitis from Vertebral Metastasis. Asian spine journal
|
|
9(5): 776–82
|
|
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4591451/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4591451</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26435798" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26435798</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Zajick, Donald C
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|
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|
|
et al (2005) Benign and malignant processes: normal values and differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging in vertebral marrow. Radiology
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|
237(2): 590–6
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16244268" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16244268</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes – do not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Zampa, Virna, Cosottini, Mirco, Michelassi, Chiara
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|
et al (2002) Value of opposed-phase gradient-echo technique in distinguishing between benign and malignant vertebral lesions. European radiology
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|
12(7): 1811–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12111073" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12111073</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref9" rid="niceng234er6.ref9">Li 2019</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Zeng, K Liang, Myrehaug, Sten, Soliman, Hany
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|
et al (2019) Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Spinal Metastases at the Extreme Ends of the Spine: Imaging-Based Outcomes for Cervical and Sacral Metastases. Neurosurgery
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|
85(5): 605–612
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30169694" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30169694</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, E.
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et al (2020) Diagnosis of spinal lesions using perfusion parameters measured by DCE-MRI and metabolism parameters measured by PET/CT. European Spine Journal
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|
29(5): 1061–1070
|
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7709817/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7709817</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31754820" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31754820</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Zhang, Jiahui, Chen, Yongye, Zhang, Enlong
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|
et al (2020) Use of monoexponential diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI for the differentiation of spinal tumors. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
|
|
29(5): 1112–1120 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32040617" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32040617</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Zhang, Yiqiu, Shi, Hongcheng, Cheng, Dengfeng
|
|
et al (2013) Added value of SPECT/spiral CT versus SPECT in diagnosing solitary spinal lesions in patients with extraskeletal malignancies. Nuclear medicine communications
|
|
34(5): 451–8
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23442544" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23442544</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Zhang, Yiqiu, Shi, Hongcheng, Gu, Yushen
|
|
et al (2011) Differential diagnostic value of single-photon emission computed tomography/spiral computed tomography with Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate in patients with spinal lesions. Nuclear medicine communications
|
|
32(12): 1194–200
|
|
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21934544" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21934544</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test – does not match protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Zhou, X.J., Leeds, N.E., McKinnon, G.C.
|
|
et al (2002) Characterization of benign and metastatic vertebral compression fractures with quantitative diffusion MR imaging. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|
|
23(1): 165–170
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7975517/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7975517</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11827890" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11827890</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.appj.ref199" rid="niceng234er6.appj.ref199">Thawait 2012</a>)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Zidan, D.Z.; Habib, L.A.; Chalabi, N.A. (2014) Quantitative chemical-shift MR imaging cutoff value: Benign versus malignant vertebral compression - Initial experience. Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
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45(3): 779–786
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng234er6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other protocol criteria - study reported in an included systematic review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng234er6.ref18" rid="niceng234er6.ref18">Suh 2018</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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