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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK600525_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK600525_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK600525_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG)</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Patient Version</div><p class="small">Published online: February 16, 2024.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">February 16, 2024</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000813499__392">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__393">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly, and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_3"><h2 id="_CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_3_">Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG)</h2><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_4"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000637273/" class="def">Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma</a> (DIPG) is a fast-growing type of brain tumor that starts in the part of the brain stem called the pons. The brain stem is the part of the brain above the back of the neck that is connected to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000340937/" class="def">spinal cord</a>. The pons controls many <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046649/" class="def">vital</a> functions such as breathing, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000748353/" class="def">heart rate</a>, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000462668/" class="def">blood pressure</a>, and the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000373935/" class="def">nerves</a> and muscles used in seeing, hearing, walking, talking, and eating. DIPG is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045700/" class="def">glioma</a>, meaning it starts in the brain stem's glial cells. Glial cells support and protect the brain's nerve cells. </p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_5">In the United States, about 300 children are diagnosed with DIPG each year. DIPG primarily affects children between the ages of 5 and 10 years but can occur in younger children and teens. DIPG is rare in adults.</p><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Anatomy%20of%20the%20brain&p=BOOKS&id=600525_CDR0000772103.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK600525.1/bin/CDR0000772103.jpg" alt="Anatomy of the brain; the right panel shows the supratentorial area (the upper part of the brain) and the posterior fossa/infratentorial area (the lower back part of the brain). The supratentorial area contains the cerebrum, lateral ventricle and third ventricle (with cerebrospinal fluid shown in blue), choroid plexus, pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and optic nerve. The posterior fossa/infratentorial area contains the cerebellum, tectum, fourth ventricle, and brain stem (midbrain, pons, and medulla). The tentorium and spinal cord are also shown. The left panel shows the cerebrum, ventricles (fluid-filled spaces), meninges, skull, cerebellum, brain stem (pons and medulla), and spinal cord." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Anatomy of the brain. The supratentorial area (the upper part of the brain) contains the cerebrum, lateral ventricle and third ventricle (with cerebrospinal fluid shown in blue), choroid plexus, pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and optic nerve. The posterior fossa/infratentorial area (the lower back part of the brain) contains the cerebellum, tectum, fourth ventricle, and brain stem (midbrain, pons, and medulla). The tentorium separates the supratentorium from the infratentorium (right panel). The skull and meninges protect the brain and spinal cord (left panel).</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_7"><h3>Causes and risk factors for DIPG</h3><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_8">DIPG is caused by certain changes to the way glial cells function, especially how they grow and divide into new cells. Often, the exact cause of the cell changes that lead to DIPG is unknown. To learn more about how cancer develops, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">What Is Cancer?</a></p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_9">A risk factor is anything that increases the chance of getting a disease. There are no known risk factors for DIPG.</p></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_10"><h3>Symptoms of DIPG</h3><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_11">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> of DIPG depend on:</p><ul id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_12"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>where the tumor forms in the brain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>the size of the tumor and whether it has spread throughout the brain stem</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>how fast the tumor grows</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>your child's age and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450103/" class="def">stage of development</a></div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_13"> DIPG symptoms appear rapidly. It's important to check with your child's doctor immediately if your child has:</p><ul id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_14"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>trouble with eye movement (the eye is turned inward)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>vision problems</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>problems with talking, chewing, and swallowing</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>drooping on one side of the face</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>morning headache or headache that goes away after vomiting</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390302/" class="def">nausea</a> and vomiting</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>weakness in the arms or legs</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>loss of balance and trouble walking</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>changes in behavior</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>trouble learning in school</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_15">These symptoms may be caused by problems other than DIPG. The only way to know for sure is to see your child's doctor. </p></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_16"><h3>Tests to diagnose DIPG</h3><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_17">If your child has symptoms that suggest a DIPG, their doctor will need to find out if these are due to DIPG or some other problem. The doctor will ask when the symptoms started and how often your child has been having them. They will also ask about your child's <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642019/" class="def">personal</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642015/" class="def">family medical history</a> and do a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270871/" class="def">physical exam</a>, including a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000322871/" class="def">neurological exam</a>. Depending on these results, they may recommend other tests. If your child is diagnosed with DIPG, the results of these tests will help you and your child's doctor plan treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_18">The tests and procedures used to diagnose a DIPG may include:</p><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_19"><h4>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with or without gadolinium</h4><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_20">MRI uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the brain. A substance called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000413947/" class="def">gadolinium</a> is <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a vein. The gadolinium collects around the cancer cells so they show up brighter in the picture. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
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</p><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_80" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20(MRI)%20scan&p=BOOKS&id=600525_CDR0000775532.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK600525.1/bin/CDR0000775532.jpg" alt="Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan; drawing shows a child lying on a table that slides into the MRI machine, which takes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The child lies on a table that slides into the MRI machine, which takes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. The positioning of the child on the table depends on the part of the body being imaged.</p></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_21"><h4>Biopsy</h4><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_22">Your child's doctor will discuss whether a biopsy is an option. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045164/" class="def">biopsy</a> is a procedure in which a surgeon removes a sample of tumor tissue from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044515/" class="def">pons</a>. A stereotactic biopsy, which involves using an imaging technique to help precisely find and remove the tumor tissue, is usually done. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046244/" class="def">pathologist</a> will study the biopsy sample and provide the results of their analysis in a pathology report. If the pathologist finds that your child has DIPG, the pathology report will provide information about the cancer that can help guide treatment decisions.</p><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_23" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Craniotomy%3A%20An%20opening%20is%20made%20in%20the%20skull%20and%20a%20piece%20of%20the%20skull%20is%20removed%20to%20show%20part%20of%20the%20brain&p=BOOKS&id=600525_CDR0000691155.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK600525.1/bin/CDR0000691155.jpg" alt="Drawing of a craniotomy showing a section of the scalp that has been pulled back to remove a piece of the skull; the dura covering the brain has been opened to expose the brain. The layer of muscle under the scalp is also shown." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Craniotomy: An opening is made in the skull and a piece of the skull is removed to show part of the brain.</p></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_24"><h4>Immunohistochemistry</h4><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_25"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000653117/" class="def">Immunohistochemistry</a> is a laboratory test that uses <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044918/" class="def">antibodies</a> to check for certain <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046086/" class="def">antigens</a> (markers) in a sample of a patient’s tissue. The antibodies are usually linked to an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046081/" class="def">enzyme</a> or a fluorescent <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000409764/" class="def">dye</a>. After the antibodies bind to a specific antigen in the tissue sample, the enzyme or dye is activated, and the antigen can then be seen under a microscope. This type of test is used to help diagnose cancer and to help tell one type of cancer from another type.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_26"><h3>Getting a second opinion</h3><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_27">You may want to get a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000774692/" class="def">second opinion</a> to confirm your child’s diagnosis and treatment plan. If you seek a second opinion, you will need to get medical test results and reports from the first doctor to share with the second doctor. The second doctor will review the pathology report, slides, and scans. They may agree with the first doctor, suggest changes to the treatment plan, or provide more information about your child’s cancer.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_28">To learn more about choosing a doctor and getting a second opinion, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/services" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Finding Health Care Services</a>. You can contact <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's Cancer Information Service</a> via chat, email, or phone (both in English and Spanish) for help finding a doctor or hospital that can provide a second opinion. For questions you might want to ask at your child's appointments, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/questions" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Questions to Ask Your Doctor</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_81"><h3>Who treats children with DIPG</h3><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_38">A
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pediatric oncologist, a doctor who specializes
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in treating children with cancer, oversees treatment for DIPG. The pediatric oncologist works with
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other health professionals who are experts in treating children
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with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000387264/" class="def">brain tumors</a> and also specialize
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in other areas of medicine. Other specialists may include:</p><ul id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_39"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000757278/" class="def">pediatrician</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046269/" class="def">neurosurgeon</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318818/" class="def">neuropathologist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>pediatric <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046546/" class="def">radiation
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oncologist</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270728/" class="def">neuro-oncologist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046267/" class="def">neurologist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318819/" class="def">neuroradiologist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046439/" class="def">endocrinologist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044716/" class="def">psychologist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318825/" class="def">rehabilitation specialist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044730/" class="def">social worker</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000690737/" class="def">child-life specialist</a>
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_36"><h3>Types of treatment for DIPG</h3><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_37">There are different types of treatment for children and adolescents with DIPG. You and your child's care team will work together to decide treatment. Many factors will be considered, such as your child's overall health and whether the cancer is newly diagnosed or has come back. </p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_40">Your child's treatment plan will include information about the cancer, the goals of treatment, treatment options, and the possible side effects. It will be helpful to talk with your child’s cancer care team before treatment begins about what to expect. For help every step of the way, see our booklet, <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_82">Types of treatment your child might have include:</p><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_41"><h4>Radiation therapy</h4><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_42">Radiation therapy uses high-energy <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-rays</a> or
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other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. DIPG is treated with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046751/" class="def">external-beam radiation therapy</a>. This type of radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the area of the body with cancer.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_43">Several months after radiation therapy to the brain, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000689578/" class="def">imaging tests</a> may show changes to the brain tissue. These changes may be caused by the radiation therapy or may mean the tumor is growing. It is important to be sure the tumor is growing before any more treatment is given.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_44">To learn more, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">External-Beam Radiation Therapy for Cancer</a> and <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/side-effects" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Radiation Therapy Side Effects</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_45"><h4>Chemotherapy</h4><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_46">Chemotherapy (also called chemo) uses drugs to stop the growth of
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cancer cells. Chemotherapy either kills the cancer cells or stops them from
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dividing. </p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_47">To treat a DIPG in infants, chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected
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into a vein. When given this way, the drugs enter the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000809743/" class="def">bloodstream</a> and can reach cancer
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cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy drugs that cross the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046504/" class="def">blood-brain barrier</a> and reach tumor cells in the brain are used.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_48">Because radiation therapy to the brain can affect growth and brain development
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in young children, chemotherapy may be given to delay or reduce the need for radiation therapy.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_49">To learn more, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Chemotherapy to Treat Cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_50"><h4>Surgery to place a shunt</h4><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_51">Sometimes children with a DIPG have increased fluid around the brain or spinal cord. They may need surgery to place a shunt (long, thin tube) in a ventricle (fluid-filled space) of the brain and thread it under the skin to another part of the body, usually the abdomen. The shunt carries extra fluid away from the brain so it may be absorbed elsewhere in the body. This decreases the fluid and pressure on the brain or spinal cord.</p><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_52" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=A%20cerebrospinal%20fluid%20(CSF)%20shunt%20(a%20long%2C%20thin%20tube)%20carries%20extra%20CSF%20away%20from%20the%20brain%20so%20it%20may%20be%20absorbed%20elsewhere%20in%20the%20body&p=BOOKS&id=600525_CDR0000680517.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK600525.1/bin/CDR0000680517.jpg" alt="Drawing shows extra cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flowing through a shunt (a long, thin tube) from a ventricle (fluid-filled space) in the brain into the abdomen. The shunt goes from the ventricle, under the skin in the neck and chest, and into the abdomen. Also shown is a shunt valve that controls the flow of CSF." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt (a long, thin tube) carries extra CSF away from the brain so it may be absorbed elsewhere in the body. The shunt is placed in a ventricle (fluid-filled space) in the brain and threaded under the skin to another part of the body, usually the abdomen. The shunt has a valve that controls the flow of CSF.</p></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_53"><h4>Clinical trials</h4><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_54">A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. Because cancer in children is rare, taking part in a clinical trial should be considered.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_55">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> website.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_56">To learn more, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinical Trials Information for Patients and Caregivers</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_60"><h4>Treatment of DIPG</h4><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_61">Palliative care is an important part of your child's treatment plan throughout their cancer journey. It includes physical, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454766/" class="def">psychological</a>, social, and spiritual support for your child and family. The goal of palliative care is to help control symptoms and give your child the best <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045417/" class="def">quality of life</a> possible.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_62">Treatment of newly diagnosed childhood DIPG may include:</p><ul id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_63"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>external-beam radiation therapy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>chemotherapy (to treat infants)</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_64">Treatment of DIPG that is progressive (getting worse) or has come back after treatment may include:</p><ul id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_65"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiation therapy may be given to children whose cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044085/" class="def">responded</a> when first treated with radiation therapy.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_29"><h3>Prognosis and prognostic factors for DIPG</h3><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_30">If your child has been diagnosed with DIPG, you may have questions about your child's chances of survival. The likely outcome or course of a disease is called prognosis. Your child's cancer care team is in the best position to talk with you about your child's prognosis. </p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_31">Doctors consider these and other factors when making a prognosis for DIPG:</p><ul id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_32"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>where the tumor is found in the brain and if it has spread within the brain stem</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>your child's age at diagnosis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>how long your child has had symptoms prior to diagnosis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>whether the tumor has a certain change to H3 K27m </div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_33">DIPG is a challenging cancer to treat because of its location in the brain, how fast it progresses, and the way it spreads into healthy tissue. Most children with DIPG do not live longer than 2 years after diagnosis. </p></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_70"><h3>Follow-up care</h3><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_71">As your child goes through treatment, they will have follow-up tests or check-ups. Some of the tests that were done to diagnose the cancer may be repeated to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests.</p><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_72">Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your child's condition has changed or if the cancer has come back. If the results of imaging tests done after treatment for DIPG show a mass in the brain, a biopsy may be done to find out if it is made up of dead tumor cells or if new cancer cells are growing. </p></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_73"><h3>Coping with your child's cancer</h3><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_74">When your child has cancer, every member of the family needs support. Taking care of yourself during this time is important. Talk with your child's treatment team and people in your family and community for support with coping with the emotional and physical stress that comes with a cancer diagnosis. To learn more, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support/parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Support for Families When a Child Has Cancer</a> and the booklet <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_75"><h3>Related resources</h3><p id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_76">For more childhood cancer information and other general cancer resources, see:</p><ul id="CDR0000813499__sm_CDR0000813727_77"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.pbtc.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC)</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">About Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Childhood Cancers</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="http://www.curesearch.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CureSearch for Children's Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer in Children and Adolescents</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/ocs/resources/survivors.html" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">For Survivors and Caregivers</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000757898/">Planning the Transition to End-of-Life Care in Advanced Cancer</a>
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</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK600525</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38377270" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">38377270</a></span></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK600525.1/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK600525.1/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK600525" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK600525" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG): Patient Version. 2024 Feb 16.<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK600525.5/">NBK600525.5</a></span> January 9, 2025</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK600525.4/">NBK600525.4</a></span> May 10, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a 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Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/31909947" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Melanoma Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Melanoma Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=38377270" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" 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