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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p></div><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><span class="inactive page_link prev">< Prev</span><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-151/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="https://www.ti.ubc.ca/therapeutics-letter/" title="Therapeutics Initiative" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-theraletter-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Therapeutics Letter" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK598434_"><span itemprop="name">Therapeutics Letter</span></h1><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="editor">Tom Perry</span>, Dr., Editor in Chief.</p><div class="half_rhythm">Vancouver (BC): <a href="https://www.ti.ubc.ca/therapeutics-letter/" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">Therapeutics Initiative</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">1994</span>-.<div class="small"><span class="label">ISSN: 2369-8683 (Print); 2369-8691 (Electronic)</span></div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li><span class="label"><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_cpyrght_NBK598434" data-jigconfig="modal:true">Copyright and
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Permissions</a></span></li></ul></div><div id="_ncbi_dlg_cpyrght_NBK598434" style="display:none" title="Copyright and Permissions"><div><div>Copyright © 1994 - 2022 Therapeutics Initiative, University of British Columbia.</div><div class="half_rhythm"><div>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Creative Commons Attribution License</a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</div></div></div></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/theraletter/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div itemprop="description"><p>This is a bimonthly publication targeting identified problematic therapeutic issues in a brief, simple and practical manner. </p><p>The process leading up to publication involves a rigorous, systematic literature review by different working groups of the Therapeutics Initiative, the creation of a draft which is circulated for comment among a sizeable group of over 100 local, national and international specialists with expertise in the particular therapeutic area and the commission of original artwork/illustration.</p><p>The message is developed collaboratively by different working groups of the Therapeutics Initiative. The current Editor in Chief is Dr. Tom Perry, Chair of the <a href="http://ti.ubc.ca/about-us/working-groups/education-working-group/" ref="pagearea=abstract&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Education Working Group</a> of the Therapeutics Initiative.</p><p>Therapeutics Letters on common therapies have been regularly published since 1994 and distributed free of charge to clinicians, patients, and policymakers to increase awareness and improve prescription habits.</p></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><div class="bktoc_all_cntnr top align_right" style="display:none"><ul class="inline_list_right"><li><a class="bktoc_all_exp" href="#">Expand All</a></li><li style="margin-left:.8em"><a class="bktoc_all_clps" href="#">Collapse All</a></li></ul></div><ul id="toc_tllNBK598434_toc_TL-151" class="simple-list toc toc-toggle"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-151"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-151/">Letter 151. Minimizing harms of tight glycemic control in older people with type 2 diabetes</a><div class="small">Published: October 2024.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-151" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-151_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-151/#TL-151.s4">Minimizing harms of tight glycemic control in older people with type 2 diabetes</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-151_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-151/#TL-151.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/">Letter 150. Emergency contraceptives: Which pill will you recommend?</a><div class="small">Published: August 2024.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-150" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.s1">Emergency contraceptives: Which pill will you recommend?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.s2">Summary and Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.s3">What are emergency contraceptive pills?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.s4">Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.s5">Ulipristal acetate 30 mg (<sup>Pr</sup>ella<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.s6">Adverse effects</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.s7">Comparative efficacy and safety: TI systematic review</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.s8">Is one drug better within 72 hours of intercourse?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.s9">After 72 hours, is one drug better?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.s10">ECPs are effective regardless of body weight</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-150_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-150/#TL-150.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-149"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-149/">Letter 149. How useful is Paxlovid™ in 2024?</a><div class="small">Published: April 2024.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-149" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-149_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-149/#TL-149.s1">How useful is Paxlovid™ in 2024?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-149_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-149/#TL-149.s2">Summary and Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-149_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-149/#TL-149.s3">Evidence has emerged gradually as to who is most likely to benefit from NMV-r for COVID-19</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-149_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-149/#TL-149.s4">What can we learn from the EPIC trials?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-149_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-149/#TL-149.s5">Observational study of NMV-r in BC: final results</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-149_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-149/#TL-149.s6">What can we tell patients who contract COVID-19?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-149_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-149/#TL-149.s7">Will more information from RCTs be forthcoming?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-149_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-149/#TL-149.s8">Is NMV-r therapy worth the cost?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-149_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-149/#TL-149.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-148"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-148/">Letter 148. Rethink clindamycin for dental patient safety</a><div class="small">Published: April 2024.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-148" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-148_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-148/#TL-148.s1">Rethink clindamycin for dental patient safety</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-148_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-148/#TL-148.s2">Clindamycin is not more effective</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-148_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-148/#TL-148.s3">Clindamycin causes significant harm to patients, especially <i>Clostridioides difficile</i></a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-148_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-148/#TL-148.s4">What to do when patients report a penicillin allergy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-148_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-148/#TL-148.s5">Antibiotics are overused for prophylaxis and as adjuvants for dental procedures</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-148_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-148/#TL-148.s6">Which antibiotic, if any, is right for my patient?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-148_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-148/#TL-148.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-147"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-147/">Letter 147. Screening to reduce fragility fractures: new trials, still ineffective</a><div class="small">Published: February 2024.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-147" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-147_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-147/#TL-147.s1">Screening based on BMD was unsatisfactory</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-147_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-147/#TL-147.s2">Screening using risk scores</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-147_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-147/#TL-147.s3">Age, falls and some drugs predict fractures</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-147_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-147/#TL-147.s4">Age-specific hip fracture incidence is falling – independent of treatment</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-147_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-147/#TL-147.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-147_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-147/#TL-147.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-146"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-146/">Letter 146. Apixaban is safer and more effective than rivaroxaban for non-valvular atrial fibrillation</a><div class="small">Published: December 2023.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-146" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-146_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-146/#TL-146.s3">Summary and Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-146_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-146/#TL-146.s4">Background</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-146_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-146/#TL-146.s5">Warfarin</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-146_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-146/#TL-146.s6">Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-146_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-146/#TL-146.s7">Choosing a DOAC for NVAF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-146_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-146/#TL-146.s8">Clarifying comparative effectiveness and safety: TI systematic review</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-146_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-146/#TL-146.s9">Findings</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-146_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-146/#TL-146.s10">Discussion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-146_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-146/#TL-146.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-145"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-145/">Letter 145. Minimizing inhaled corticosteroids for COPD</a><div class="small">Published: October 2023.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-145" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-145_s1_1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-145/#TL-145.s1.1">Minimizing inhaled corticosteroids for COPD</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-145_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-145/#TL-145.s2">Inhaled corticosteroids: the evidence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-145_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-145/#TL-145.s3">COPD guidelines discourage routine ICS prescription</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-145_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-145/#TL-145.s4">Can ICS be deprescribed safely?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-145_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-145/#TL-145.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-145_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-145/#TL-145.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/">Letter 144. ADHD in adults</a><div class="small">Published: September 2023.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-144" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s1">Summary and Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s2">Overdiagnosis and overtreatment in children</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s3">How common is adult ADHD?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s4">How reliable is diagnosis?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s5">Pharmacotherapy with stimulants and atomoxetine</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s6">Why treat adult ADHD?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s7">Evidence for pharmacotherapy from short-term RCTs in adults</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s8">Evidence from observational studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s9">Do ADHD medications affect substance use disorders?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s10">Evidence also limited for non-drug treatments</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.s11">Is lisdexamfetamine better than other stimulants?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-144_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-144/#TL-144.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-143"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-143/">Letter 143. Reducing the adverse environmental impacts of prescribing</a><div class="small">Published: June 2023.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-143" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-143_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-143/#TL-143.s1">Mitigate climate impacts by conservative prescribing and deprescribing</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-143_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-143/#TL-143.s2">Choosing wisely instead of overdiagnosis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-143_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-143/#TL-143.s3">Patient education and involvement are integral to solutions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-143_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-143/#TL-143.s4">Storing or disposing of unused medications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-143_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-143/#TL-143.s5">Switch to dry powder inhalers</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-143_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-143/#TL-143.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-143_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-143/#TL-143.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-142"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-142/">Letter 142. Simple clinical pharmacology can improve prescribing</a><div class="small">Published: April 2023.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-142" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-142_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-142/#TL-142.s1">How can PK parameters help with prescribing?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-142_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-142/#TL-142.s2">T<sub>max</sub> predicts onset of effects</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-142_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-142/#TL-142.s3">T<sub>½</sub> predicts time to accumulate or dissipate</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-142_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-142/#TL-142.s4">Finding and using T<sub>max</sub> and T<sub>½</sub> in practice</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-142_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-142/#TL-142.s5">Remembering drug elimination</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-142_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-142/#TL-142.s6">‘Long-acting’ formulations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-142_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-142/#TL-142.s7">Conclusions</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-141"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-141/">Letter 141. Paxlovid in British Columbia Interim real-world analysis</a><div class="small">Published: February 2023.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-141" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-141_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-141/#TL-141.s1">Why study real-world use of NMV-r?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-141_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-141/#TL-141.s2">Who can access NMV-r in BC?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-141_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-141/#TL-141.s3">Preliminary TI analysis of NMV-r in BC</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-141_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-141/#TL-141.s4">NMV-r effectiveness in BC</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-141_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-141/#TL-141.s5">Harms of NMV-r in BC</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-141_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-141/#TL-141.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-141_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-141/#TL-141.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-140"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-140/">Letter 140. What to do about borderline hyperglycemia?</a><div class="small">Published: December 2022.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-140" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-140_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-140/#TL-140.s1">Definitions of borderline hyperglycemia</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-140_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-140/#TL-140.s2">Implications for health</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-140_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-140/#TL-140.s3">Is this a key predictor of future health problems?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-140_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-140/#TL-140.s4">How should we manage borderline hyperglycemia?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-140_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-140/#TL-140.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-140_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-140/#TL-140.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-139"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-139/">Letter 139. How well do you know your dopamine antagonists?</a><div class="small">Published: October 2022.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-139" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-139_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-139/#TL-139.s1">Excessive prescribing of antipsychotics</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-139_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-139/#TL-139.s2">Dopamine’s role in the brain</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-139_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-139/#TL-139.s3">Profound effects of DA blockade</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-139_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-139/#TL-139.s4">Are “<i>atypical antipsychotics</i>” different?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-139_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-139/#TL-139.s5">Avoiding serious neurological harms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-139_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-139/#TL-139.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-139_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-139/#TL-139.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-138"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-138/">Letter 138. Reducing prescribing cascades</a><div class="small">Published: August 2022.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-138" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-138_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-138/#TL-138.s1">Are prescribing cascades hiding in plain sight?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-138_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-138/#TL-138.s2">What is known about “prescribing cascades”?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-138_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-138/#TL-138.s3">Seven prevalent examples</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-138_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-138/#TL-138.s11">Reducing prescribing cascades</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-138_s12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-138/#TL-138.s12">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-138_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-138/#TL-138.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-137"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-137/">Letter 137. Physical activity is medicine: Prescribe it</a><div class="small">Published: June 2022.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-137" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-137_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-137/#TL-137.s1">Defining exercise that improves health</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-137_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-137/#TL-137.s2">Evidence from systematic reviews</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-137_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-137/#TL-137.s3">Can exercise prescriptions cause harm?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-137_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-137/#TL-137.s4">Some exercise is better than none</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-137_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-137/#TL-137.s5">Do patients want us to recommend exercise?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-137_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-137/#TL-137.s6">Prescribing physical activity in primary care</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-137_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-137/#TL-137.s7">5A framework is more comprehensive</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-137_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-137/#TL-137.s8">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-137_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-137/#TL-137.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-136"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-136/">Letter 136. How do YOU respond to Conflicts of Interest?</a><div class="small">Published: April 2022.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-136" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-136_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-136/#TL-136.s1">Background</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-136_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-136/#TL-136.s2">What is the effect of Sponsorship Bias?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-136_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-136/#TL-136.s3">Professional bodies define COI</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-136_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-136/#TL-136.s4">Therapeutics Initiative’s approach to COI</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-136_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-136/#TL-136.s5">Are YOU too smart to be influenced?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-136_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-136/#TL-136.s6">What can YOU do to avoid conflicted education?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-136_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-136/#TL-136.s7">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-136_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-136/#TL-136.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-135"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-135/">Letter 135. Empiric Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infections</a><div class="small">Published: February 2022.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-135" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-135_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-135/#TL-135.s1">Diagnose by symptoms, not tests</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-135_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-135/#TL-135.s2">Culture seldom required</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-135_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-135/#TL-135.s3">Treat with regard to regional resistance patterns</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-135_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-135/#TL-135.s4">Nitrofurantoin for 5–7 days best for uncomplicated UTI in BC</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-135_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-135/#TL-135.s5">What is the alternative for patients unable to take nitrofurantoin?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-135_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-135/#TL-135.s6">Antibiotic treatment failure</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-135_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-135/#TL-135.s7">Non-antibiotic treatment</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-135_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-135/#TL-135.s8">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-135_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-135/#TL-135.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-134"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-134/">Letter 134. Finding the lowest effective dose for non-opioid analgesics</a><div class="small">Published: December 2021.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-134" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-134_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-134/#TL-134.s1">Dose increases usually do not improve benefits</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-134_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-134/#TL-134.s2">How soon are drug effects detectable?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-134_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-134/#TL-134.s3">Harms are dose-dependent</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-134_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-134/#TL-134.s4">Practical Prescribing (see Table)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-134_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-134/#TL-134.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-134_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-134/#TL-134.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-133"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-133/">Letter 133. Primary hypertension therapy: after thiazide, an ACEI or an ARB?</a><div class="small">Published: October 2021.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-133" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-133_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-133/#TL-133.s1">Background</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-133_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-133/#TL-133.s2">Optimal first line treatment: thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-133_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-133/#TL-133.s3">Optimal second line treatment: ACEIs over ARBs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-133_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-133/#TL-133.s4">Are higher doses superior?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-133_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-133/#TL-133.s5">Choose within a class by price</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-133_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-133/#TL-133.s6">Generic ramipril is the least expensive ACEI in BC</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-133_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-133/#TL-133.s7">For an ARB choose generic candesartan or telmisartan</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-133_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-133/#TL-133.s8">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-133_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-133/#TL-133.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-132"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-132/">Letter 132. Rethinking: Medication Adherence</a><div class="small">Published: August 2021.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-132" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-132_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-132/#TL-132.s1">Vignette</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-132_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-132/#TL-132.s2">Is medication adherence the right goal for all patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-132_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-132/#TL-132.s3">Engaging in constructive dialogue</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-132_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-132/#TL-132.s4">Document what you learn</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-132_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-132/#TL-132.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-132_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-132/#TL-132.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-131"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-131/">Letter 131. Tramadol: Where do we go from here?</a><div class="small">Published: June 2021.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-131" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-131_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-131/#TL-131.s1">Clinical pharmacology</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-131_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-131/#TL-131.s2">How effective is tramadol?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-131_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-131/#TL-131.s3">Harms identified in RCTs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-131_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-131/#TL-131.s4">Dependence and withdrawal</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-131_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-131/#TL-131.s5">Utilization in BC</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-131_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-131/#TL-131.s6">Cost</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-131_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-131/#TL-131.s7">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-131_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-131/#TL-131.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-130"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-130/">Letter 130. Evidence for statins in people over 70</a><div class="small">Published: April 2021.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-130" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-130_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-130/#TL-130.s1">Why emphasize serious adverse events?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-130_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-130/#TL-130.s2">Are statin effects different in people over 70?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-130_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-130/#TL-130.s3">Can absolute benefits/harms be derived from the CTT 2019 report?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-130_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-130/#TL-130.s4">Lack of evidence for people over 70 is the basis for two new large RCTs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-130_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-130/#TL-130.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-130_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-130/#TL-130.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-129"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-129/">Letter 129. Mirtazapine: Update on efficacy, safety, dose response</a><div class="small">Published: February 2021.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-129" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-129_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-129/#TL-129.s1">Comparative efficacy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-129_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-129/#TL-129.s2">Dose response and safety</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-129_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-129/#TL-129.s3">Harms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-129_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-129/#TL-129.s4">Adding mirtazapine to another antidepressant not supported</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-129_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-129/#TL-129.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-129_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-129/#TL-129.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-128"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-128/">Letter 128. Drug Safety Advisories: A need for international coordination</a><div class="small">Published: December 2020.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-128" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-128_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-128/#TL-128.s1">Health Canada’s approach</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-128_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-128/#TL-128.s2">International Experience with Drug Safety Advisories</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-128_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-128/#TL-128.s3">Cardiac dysrhythmias</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-128_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-128/#TL-128.s4">Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-128_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-128/#TL-128.s5">Fluoroquinolone antibiotics</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-128_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-128/#TL-128.s6">Are drug advisories relevant or important?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-128_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-128/#TL-128.s7">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-128_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-128/#TL-128.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-127"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-127/">Letter 127. Audit and Feedback: Personal Prescribing Portrait</a><div class="small">Published: August 2020.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-127" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-127_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-127/#TL-127.s1">Systematic review evidence about audit and feedback</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-127_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-127/#TL-127.s2">BC efforts to improve prescribing using audit and feedback</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-127_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-127/#TL-127.s3">Better Prescribing Project (BPP) [1999–2000]</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-127_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-127/#TL-127.s4">Education for Quality Improvement in Patient Care (EQIP) [2006–2012]</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-127_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-127/#TL-127.s5">Personal Prescribing Portrait [2020]</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-127_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-127/#TL-127.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-127_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-127/#TL-127.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-126"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-126/">Letter 126. Serious harms with long-term PPI use in older adults</a><div class="small">Published: April 2020.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-126" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-126_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-126/#TL-126.s1">Long-term use of PPIs in older adults</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-126_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-126/#TL-126.s2">All-cause mortality - discordant or convergent findings?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-126_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-126/#TL-126.s3">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-126_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-126/#TL-126.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-125"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-125/">Letter 125. Can prescribers avoid contributing to opioid use disorder?</a><div class="small">Published: February 2020.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-125" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-125_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-125/#TL-125.s1">Does evidence support long-term opioid therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-125_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-125/#TL-125.s2">What is the evidence about harms other than OUD?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-125_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-125/#TL-125.s3">Can we reliably identify patients at low risk before starting a prescription OUD?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-125_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-125/#TL-125.s4">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-125_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-125/#TL-125.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/">Letter SE. Pill splitting: Making the most of meds in a time of need</a><div class="small">Published: March 2020.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.s1">Clinical vignette</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.s2">Could tablet splitting help maintain drug supply during the pandemic?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.s3">Advantages of pill splitting</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.s4">When not to split pills</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.s5">Modified release tablets</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.s6">Pill splitting is not for everyone</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.s7">What is the evidence on the benefits and safety of pill splitting?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.s8">Can a “drug holiday” or deprescribing be considered?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.s9">Writing the prescription</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.s10">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-SE_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-SE/#TL-SE.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-124"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-124/">Letter 124. Your views of the Therapeutics Initiative: 2019 Survey</a><div class="small">Published: December 2019.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-124" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-124_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-124/#TL-124.s1">E-subscriber survey</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-124_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-124/#TL-124.s2">Impact</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-124_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-124/#TL-124.s3">Mandate</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-124_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-124/#TL-124.s4">Accuracy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-124_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-124/#TL-124.s5">Print or online?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-124_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-124/#TL-124.s6">Discussion</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-123"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-123/">Letter 123. Biosimilars or Biologics: What’s the difference?</a><div class="small">Published: October 2019.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-123" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-123_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-123/#TL-123.s1">Biologics and variability</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-123_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-123/#TL-123.s2">How are biosimilars assessed?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-123_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-123/#TL-123.s3">Infliximab versus biosimilars: an example of current evidence for bioequivalence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-123_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-123/#TL-123.s4">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-123_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-123/#TL-123.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/">Letter 122. Twenty-Five Pearls from 25 years (part 2)</a><div class="small">Published: August 2019.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-122" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s1">14. The majority of new drugs do NOT represent a major advantage when compared to available alternatives</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s2">15. Risk assessment tools need to be studied in RCTs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s3">16. Health care professionals must know how to critique and verify drug information in news stories</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s4">17. Better benefit and harm evidence is needed before long-term CNS stimulants can be recommended for treatment of ADHD in children</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s5">18. Statins do NOT have a proven net health benefit in primary prevention and their role in this setting should be reconsidered</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s6">19. There are no clinically meaningful benefits of bisphosphonates in postmenopausal women with NO prior fracture or vertebral compression</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s7">20. Seven steps to become adept at deprescribing</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s8">21. Most commonly used surrogate markers have not been proven to be consistently predictive of morbidity and mortality</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s9">22. Lower blood pressure targets have not been shown to have a net health benefit</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s10">23. Independent analysis of Study 329 demonstrated serious harms and a lack of efficacy for acute and longer-term use of paroxetine and imipramine for adolescents with major depression</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s11">24. Growing evidence that the ‘glucocentric’ drug management approach for type 2 diabetes is misguided</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-122_s12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-122/#TL-122.s12">25. Compared to placebo the Shingrix vaccine reduced the incidence of herpes zoster</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/">Letter 121. Twenty-Five Pearls from 25 years (part 1)</a><div class="small">Published: July 2019.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-121" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s1">1. Thiazides are clearly the drug of first choice for the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s2">2. In many clinical settings start with a dose that is ¼ to ½ the manufacturer’s recommended starting dose</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s3">3. Until randomized trials testing menopausal hormone therapy are completed, long-term therapy decisions have to be made in the face of uncertainty, balancing the potential benefits and risks in individual patients</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s4">4. Fewer physicians and patients will choose a therapy when the data is presented as absolute risk reduction (ARR) and number needed to treat (NNT) than if it is presented as relative risk (RR) or relative risk reduction (RRR)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s5">5. Patients with “mild” symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) should be reassured and do not need any treatment</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s6">6. Exercise and weight loss are effective in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s7">7. For primary prevention the likelihood of benefit is considerably less than for secondary prevention</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s8">8. Since almost all clinical data about celecoxib remain unpublished and is therefore unavailable for critical appraisal and assessment, it is impossible for the TI to provide timely unbiased information to you and other health professionals</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s9">9. COX-2 selective NSAIDS were associated with the same incidence of serious adverse events as non-selective NSAIDS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s10">10. Esomeprazole at equivalent doses offers no therapeutic advantage over other PPIs (including omeprazole)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s11">11. Because of the unfavourable harm to benefit balance for antidepressants in individuals less than 19 years of age, first line therapy is multiple supportive interventions: sleep hygiene, exercise, regular dietary patterns, consistent parenting and practical problem-solving regarding schooling and life stressors</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s12">12. Product monographs do not adequately inform clinicians</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-121_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-121/#TL-121.s13">13. Donepezil has not been demonstrated to improve outcomes of importance to patients and caregivers (e.g. institutionalization or disability)</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-120"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-120/">Letter 120. Routine VTE prophylaxis: Is there a net health benefit?</a><div class="small">Published: June 2019.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-120" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-120_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-120/#TL-120.s1">What is the incidence of VTE in non-surgical hospitalized patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-120_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-120/#TL-120.s2">Evidence for thromboprophylaxis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-120_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-120/#TL-120.s3">Real world evidence from the US and British Columbia</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-120_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-120/#TL-120.s4">Can we better identify people at risk?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-120_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-120/#TL-120.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-120_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-120/#TL-120.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-119"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-119/">Letter 119. Epinephrine autoinjectors available in Canada</a><div class="small">Published: May 2019.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-119" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-119_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-119/#TL-119.s1">What evidence underlies the use of epinephrine autoinjectors?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-119_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-119/#TL-119.s2">What advice can healthcare providers offer patients about epinephrine autoinjectors?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-119_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-119/#TL-119.s3">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-119_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-119/#TL-119.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-118"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-118/">Letter 118. Trends in utilization of proton pump inhibitors in British Columbia</a><div class="small">Published: March 2019.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-118" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-118_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-118/#TL-118.s1">Is this a concern elsewhere?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-118_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-118/#TL-118.s2">What is the appropriate duration for PPIs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-118_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-118/#TL-118.s3">What do we know about PPIs and their long-term adverse events?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-118_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-118/#TL-118.s4">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-118_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-118/#TL-118.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-117"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-117/">Letter 117. Gabapentin and pregabalin: Are high doses justified?</a><div class="small">Published: January 2019.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-117" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-117_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-117/#TL-117.s1">Higher doses increase harms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-117_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-117/#TL-117.s2">Higher doses do not increase meaningful pain relief</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-117_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-117/#TL-117.s3">Limitations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-117_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-117/#TL-117.s4">Clinical considerations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-117_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-117/#TL-117.s5">Deprescribing</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-117_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-117/#TL-117.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-117_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-117/#TL-117.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-116"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-116/">Letter 116. New drug for cystic fibrosis: Regulatory approval, clinical uncertainty?</a><div class="small">Published: December 2018.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-116" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-116_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-116/#TL-116.s1">The basis for regulatory approval</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-116_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-116/#TL-116.s2">Clinical uncertainty</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-116_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-116/#TL-116.s3">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-116_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-116/#TL-116.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-115"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-115/">Letter 115. Cannabinoids for Chronic Pain</a><div class="small">Published: November 2018.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-115" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-115_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-115/#TL-115.s1">Pharmaceutical cannabinoids approved for chronic pain management</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-115_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-115/#TL-115.s2">Pharmaceutical and herbal cannabinoids not formally approved for chronic pain management</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-115_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-115/#TL-115.s3">Neuropathic pain</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-115_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-115/#TL-115.s7">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-115_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-115/#TL-115.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-114"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-114/">Letter 114. Shingrix: A New Vaccine for Shingles</a><div class="small">Published: October 2018.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-114" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-114_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-114/#TL-114.s1">Shingrix clinical evidence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-114_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-114/#TL-114.s2">Background</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-114_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-114/#TL-114.s3">Methods</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-114_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-114/#TL-114.s4">Results</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-114_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-114/#TL-114.s5">Risk of bias of included studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-114_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-114/#TL-114.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-114_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-114/#TL-114.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-113"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-113/">Letter 113. How well do you know your anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) drugs?</a><div class="small">Published: August 2018.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-113" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-113_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-113/#TL-113.s1">Many drugs have potential for AC toxicity</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-113_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-113/#TL-113.s2">Subtle and not-so-subtle toxicity</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-113_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-113/#TL-113.s3">Long term use linked to dementia</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-113_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-113/#TL-113.s4">Prescribing Principles</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-113_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-113/#TL-113.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-112"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-112/">Letter 112. Antidepressant Withdrawal Syndrome</a><div class="small">Published: June 2018.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-112" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-112_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-112/#TL-112.s1">What is it?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-112_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-112/#TL-112.s2">Clinical Features</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-112_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-112/#TL-112.s3">Systematic Reviews</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-112_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-112/#TL-112.s4">What proportion of patients have withdrawal symptoms?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-112_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-112/#TL-112.s5">Is there evidence for an optimal method of stopping antidepressants?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-112_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-112/#TL-112.s6">When to taper or abruptly stop?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-112_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-112/#TL-112.s7">Other considerations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-112_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-112/#TL-112.s8">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-112_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-112/#TL-112.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-111"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-111/">Letter 111. Deprescribing Proton Pump Inhibitors</a><div class="small">Published: April 2018.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-111" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-111_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-111/#TL-111.s1">An obligation to consider deprescribing?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-111_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-111/#TL-111.s2">Guideline for deprescribing PPIs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-111_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-111/#TL-111.s3">Efficacy of on-demand PPI use</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-111_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-111/#TL-111.s4">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-111_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-111/#TL-111.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-110"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-110/">Letter 110. Stimulants for ADHD in children: Revisited</a><div class="small">Published: February 2018.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-110" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-110_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-110/#TL-110.s1">British Columbia birth month study</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-110_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-110/#TL-110.s2">TI birth month study on stimulant prescribing replicated in other countries</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-110_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-110/#TL-110.s3">Has stimulant prescribing to children in British Columbia changed between 2000 and 2017?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-110_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-110/#TL-110.s4">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-110_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-110/#TL-110.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/">Letter 109. Inhaled long acting β2 agonists for COPD</a><div class="small">Published: December 2017.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-109" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.s1">Objective</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.s2">Methods</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.s3">Results</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.s4">Risk of bias</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.s5">TORCH trial</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.s6">Clinical implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.s7">Other systematic reviews</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.s8">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.rl1">References</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_app1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.app1">Risk of bias assessment: Formoterol and Arformoterol vs. Placebo review</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_app2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.app2">Risk of bias assessment: Salmeterol vs. Placebo review</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_app3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.app3">Comparison 1: Formoterol and Arformoterol vs Placebo (dose ranging efficacy)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-109_app4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-109/#TL-109.app4">Comparison 2: Salmeterol versus placebo (dose ranging efficacy)</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-108"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-108/">Letter 108. Drugs to avoid</a><div class="small">Published: October 2017.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-108" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-108_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-108/#TL-108.s1">Prescrire’s conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-108_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-108/#TL-108.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-107"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-107/">Letter 107. EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial What does it mean?</a><div class="small">Published: August 2017.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-107" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-107_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-107/#TL-107.s1">The EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial tested adding empagliflozin to ‘standard of care’</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-107_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-107/#TL-107.s2">Interpretation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-107_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-107/#TL-107.s3">Did empagliflozin cause harm?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-107_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-107/#TL-107.s4">Other reasons for scepticism</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-107_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-107/#TL-107.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-107_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-107/#TL-107.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-106"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-106/">Letter 106. Using Best Evidence for the Management of Hypertension</a><div class="small">Published: June 2017.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-106" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-106_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-106/#TL-106.s1">What is the evidence for drug treatment of moderate to severe hypertension (>160/100) in people ≥ 60 years?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-106_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-106/#TL-106.s2">What is the evidence for drug treatment of hypertension in people aged 18 to 59?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-106_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-106/#TL-106.s3">What is the evidence for drugs for mild hypertension (140–159/90–99)?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-106_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-106/#TL-106.s4">If drug therapy is appropriate, what drug class is the best one to try first?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-106_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-106/#TL-106.s5">What is the optimal target blood pressure?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-106_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-106/#TL-106.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-106_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-106/#TL-106.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-105"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-105/">Letter 105. Is cyclobenzaprine useful for pain?</a><div class="small">Published: April 2017.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-105" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-105_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-105/#TL-105.s1">Utilization in BC</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-105_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-105/#TL-105.s2">Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-105_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-105/#TL-105.s3">Evidence from RCTs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-105_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-105/#TL-105.s4">Most patients do not benefit, but some experience prompt relief</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-105_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-105/#TL-105.s11">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-105_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-105/#TL-105.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-104"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-104/">Letter 104. Does Medication Review improve health?</a><div class="small">Published: February 2017.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-104" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-104_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-104/#TL-104.s1">What is the evidence?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-104_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-104/#TL-104.s2">What is happening in BC?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-104_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-104/#TL-104.s3">How could the quality of Medication Review in BC be improved?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-104_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-104/#TL-104.s4">Practical recommendations to improve the quality of Medication Review in BC</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-104_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-104/#TL-104.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-104_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-104/#TL-104.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-103"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-103/">Letter 103. Is the current ‘glucocentric’ approach to management of type 2 diabetes misguided?</a><div class="small">Published: December 2016.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-103" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-103_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-103/#TL-103.s1">Therapeutics Initiative Letters</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-103_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-103/#TL-103.s2">Other analyses of the current evidence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-103_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-103/#TL-103.s3">What is needed now?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-103_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-103/#TL-103.s4">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-103_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-103/#TL-103.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/">Letter 102. Indacaterol for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</a><div class="small">Published: October 2016.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-102" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/#TL-102.s1">Objective</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/#TL-102.s2">Search Strategy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/#TL-102.s3">Data Collection and Analysis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/#TL-102.s4">Results</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/#TL-102.s5">Risk of bias</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/#TL-102.s6">Dose ranging efficacy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/#TL-102.s7">Clinical Implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/#TL-102.s8">Other systematic reviews</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/#TL-102.s9">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-102_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-102/#TL-102.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-101"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-101/">Letter 101. Study 329: Why is it so important?</a><div class="small">Published: August 2016.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-101" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-101_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-101/#TL-101.s1">Did these published conclusions reflect “reality”?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-101_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-101/#TL-101.s2">A solution: Restoring Invisible and Abandoned Trials (RIAT) initiative</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-101_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-101/#TL-101.s3">RIAT analysis of Study 329 (acute phase)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-101_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-101/#TL-101.s4">RIAT analysis of Study 329 (continuation phase)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-101_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-101/#TL-101.s5">What has happened as a result of these revelations?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-101_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-101/#TL-101.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-101_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-101/#TL-101.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-100"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-100/">Letter 100. Questioning the basis of approval for non-insulin glucose lowering drugs</a><div class="small">Published: June 2016.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-100" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-100_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-100/#TL-100.s1">How does Health Canada assess non-insulin glucose lowering drugs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-100_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-100/#TL-100.s2">What are the potential benefits and harms of “more aggressive management of type 2 diabetes”?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-100_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-100/#TL-100.s3">Is the current regulatory focus on cardiovascular safety rational?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-100_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-100/#TL-100.s4">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-100_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-100/#TL-100.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/">Letter 99. Comparative effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors</a><div class="small">Published: April 2016.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-099" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/#TL-099.s1">Are there any important differences between the different drugs in the class?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/#TL-099.s2">Comparative trials of PPIs in adult patients with symptomatic GERD</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/#TL-099.s3">Comparative trials of PPIs in adult patients with symptomatic PUD</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/#TL-099.s4">Overall Risk of Bias assessment</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/#TL-099.s5">Applicability of evidence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/#TL-099.s6">What proportion of patients treated with PPIs will experience benefit of therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/#TL-099.s7">Comparative overall safety of PPI</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/#TL-099.s8">Are there differences in cost of PPIs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/#TL-099.s9">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-099_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-099/#TL-099.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/">Letter 98. Does SPRINT change our approach to blood pressure targets?</a><div class="small">Published: February 2016.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-098" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/#TL-098.s1">SPRINT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/#TL-098.s2">Benefits</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/#TL-098.s3">Harms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/#TL-098.s4">Overall effect</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/#TL-098.s5">Risk of bias</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/#TL-098.s6">Clinical implications of SPRINT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/#TL-098.s7">Systematic review</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/#TL-098.s8">Other non-Cochrane systematic reviews</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/#TL-098.s9">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-098_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-098/#TL-098.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-097"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-097/">Letter 97. Intravenous (IV) iron for severe iron deficiency</a><div class="small">Published: December 2015.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-097" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-097_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-097/#TL-097.s1">Indications and Dosing</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-097_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-097/#TL-097.s2">Benefits</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-097_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-097/#TL-097.s3">Harms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-097_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-097/#TL-097.s4">Does premedication or IM injection improve safety?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-097_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-097/#TL-097.s5">Parenteral iron formulations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-097_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-097/#TL-097.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-097_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-097/#TL-097.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-096"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-096/">Letter 96. Benefits and harms of drugs for “neuropathic” pain</a><div class="small">Published: October 2015.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-096" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-096_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-096/#TL-096.s1">Benefits</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-096_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-096/#TL-096.s2">Harms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-096_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-096/#TL-096.s3">To whom do the Cochrane reviews apply?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-096_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-096/#TL-096.s4">How soon is pain reduced?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-096_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-096/#TL-096.s5">Is there evidence that increasing dose improves response?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-096_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-096/#TL-096.s6">Clinical implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-096_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-096/#TL-096.s7">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-096_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-096/#TL-096.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-095"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-095/">Letter 95. Antipsychotics should not be used for non-psychotic depression</a><div class="small">Published: August 2015.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-095" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-095_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-095/#TL-095.s1">Pharmacology</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-095_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-095/#TL-095.s2">Cochrane Systematic Review</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-095_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-095/#TL-095.s3">Quetiapine for MDD</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-095_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-095/#TL-095.s4">Other antipsychotics</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-095_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-095/#TL-095.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-095_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-095/#TL-095.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-094"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-094/">Letter 94. Dual antiplatelet therapy: net health benefit or harm?</a><div class="small">Published: June 2015.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-094" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-094_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-094/#TL-094.s1">Background</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-094_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-094/#TL-094.s2">Clopidogrel (Plavix)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-094_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-094/#TL-094.s3">Prasugrel (Effient)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-094_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-094/#TL-094.s4">Ticagrelor (Brilinta)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-094_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-094/#TL-094.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-094_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-094/#TL-094.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-093"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-093/">Letter 93. Are claims for newer drugs for overactive bladder warranted?</a><div class="small">Published: February 2015.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-093" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-093_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-093/#TL-093.s1">Background</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-093_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-093/#TL-093.s2">Antimuscarinic Drug Class Review</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-093_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-093/#TL-093.s3">Are 3 recently approved drugs for OAB better than older drugs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-093_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-093/#TL-093.s7">Antimuscarinic drugs and cognition</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-093_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-093/#TL-093.s8">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-093_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-093/#TL-093.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-092"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-092/">Letter 92. The limitations and potential hazards of using surrogate markers</a><div class="small">Published: December 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-092" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-092_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-092/#TL-092.s1">1. Does “worsening” of a surrogate marker reliably indicate an increased risk of morbidity and mortality?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-092_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-092/#TL-092.s2">2. Does “improving” a specific surrogate marker lead to less morbidity and mortality?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-092_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-092/#TL-092.s3">3. Do benefits of using surrogate markers as targets for drug therapy outweigh the harms?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-092_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-092/#TL-092.s4">4. Is it useful to employ surrogate marker values in risk prediction tools?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-092_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-092/#TL-092.s5">Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-092_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-092/#TL-092.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-091"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-091/">Letter 91. Is prescribing information from sales representatives balanced?</a><div class="small">Published: September 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-091" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-091_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-091/#TL-091.s1">Study Methods</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-091_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-091/#TL-091.s2">How often was “minimally adequate safety information” provided?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-091_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-091/#TL-091.s3">Was promotion consistent with national regulatory standards?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-091_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-091/#TL-091.s4">Do sales representatives affect prescribing?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-091_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-091/#TL-091.s5">What is the solution?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-091_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-091/#TL-091.s6">Clinical implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-091_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-091/#TL-091.s7">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-091_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-091/#TL-091.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-090"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-090/">Letter 90. Reducing polypharmacy: A logical approach</a><div class="small">Published: July 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-090" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-090_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-090/#TL-090.s1">1. Re-evaluate the goals of therapy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-090_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-090/#TL-090.s2">2. Apply absolute risk differences</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-090_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-090/#TL-090.s3">3. Consider simple pharmacology and physiology</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-090_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-090/#TL-090.s4">4. Avoid unnecessary drug costs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-090_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-090/#TL-090.s5">5. Reassess the ongoing value of individual and combination drugs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-090_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-090/#TL-090.s6">6. Use common sense and the Golden Rule</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-090_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-090/#TL-090.s7">7. Aim to stop at least 1 drug and monitor</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-090_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-090/#TL-090.s8">Graphs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-090_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-090/#TL-090.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-089"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-089/">Letter 89. Statins proven and associated harms</a><div class="small">Published: May 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-089" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-089_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-089/#TL-089.s1">How do statins work?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-089_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-089/#TL-089.s2">Why aren’t the harms of statins more commonly acknowledged?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-089_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-089/#TL-089.s3">Canadian and US Advisories on statin-related harms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-089_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-089/#TL-089.s4">Proven statin harms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-089_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-089/#TL-089.s6">Associated statin harms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-089_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-089/#TL-089.s9">Muscle symptoms, the commonest statin adverse effect</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-089_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-089/#TL-089.s10">Clinical Implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-089_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-089/#TL-089.s11">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-089_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-089/#TL-089.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-088"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-088/">Letter 88. Filling the Evidence Gap Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trials in British Columbia</a><div class="small">Published: August 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-088" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-088_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-088/#TL-088.s1">What is a pragmatic trial?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-088_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-088/#TL-088.s2">The need for more representative subjects</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-088_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-088/#TL-088.s3">The need for better assessment of harm</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-088_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-088/#TL-088.s4">The need for patient-oriented outcomes that matter</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-088_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-088/#TL-088.s5">A British Columbia solution</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-088_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-088/#TL-088.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-087"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-087/">Letter 87. High dose versus standard dose statins in stable coronary heart disease</a><div class="small">Published: August 2012.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-087" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-087_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-087/#TL-087.s1">Methods</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-087_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-087/#TL-087.s2">Results and Clinical Implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-087_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-087/#TL-087.s3">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-087_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-087/#TL-087.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-086"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-086/">Letter 86. Your opinions of the Therapeutics Initiative: The 2011 Survey</a><div class="small">Published: June 2012.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-086" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-086_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-086/#TL-086.s1">THERAPEUTICS LETTER FORMAT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-086_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-086/#TL-086.s3">RELEVANCE & INDEPENDENCE</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-086_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-086/#TL-086.s4">CONCLUSIONS</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-085"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-085/">Letter 85. Clinical Pearls from Prescrire</a><div class="small">Published: March 2012.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-085" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-085_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-085/#TL-085.s1">Arterial hypertension: don’t expose patients to the adverse effects of aliskiren (Rasilez </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-085_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-085/#TL-085.s2">Drugs for Alzheimer’s disease: best avoided (Reassessment) </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-085_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-085/#TL-085.s3">Escitalopram (Cipralex: torsades de pointes </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-085_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-085/#TL-085.s4">Gabapentin (Neurontin and pregabalin (Lyrica: abuse and addiction </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-085_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-085/#TL-085.s5">Migraine attacks: acetaminophen (Tylenol first </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-085_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-085/#TL-085.s6">Varenicline (Champix: aggression and homicidal ideation </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-085_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-085/#TL-085.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-084"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-084/">Letter 84. A Systematic Review of the Harms of Bisphosphonates</a><div class="small">Published: December 2011.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-084" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-084_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-084/#TL-084.s1">Objective</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-084_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-084/#TL-084.s2">Methods</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-084_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-084/#TL-084.s3">Findings</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-084_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-084/#TL-084.s8">Clinical Implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-084_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-084/#TL-084.s9">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-084_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-084/#TL-084.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-083"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-083/">Letter 83. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Bisphosphonates</a><div class="small">Published: October 2011.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-083" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-083_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-083/#TL-083.s1">Objective</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-083_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-083/#TL-083.s2">Methods</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-083_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-083/#TL-083.s3">Results</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-083_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-083/#TL-083.s4">Discussion and Clinical Implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-083_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-083/#TL-083.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-083_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-083/#TL-083.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-082"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-082/">Letter 82. Clinical Hypertension Pearls from The Cochrane Library</a><div class="small">Published: August 2011.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-082" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-082_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-082/#TL-082.s1">First-line drugs for hypertension</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-082_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-082/#TL-082.s2">Beta-blockers for hypertension</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-082_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-082/#TL-082.s3">Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-082_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-082/#TL-082.s4">Treatment Blood Pressure Targets for Hypertension</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-082_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-082/#TL-082.s5">Relaxation therapies for the management of primary hypertension in adults</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-082_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-082/#TL-082.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-081"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-081/">Letter 81. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes</a><div class="small">Published: June 2011.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-081" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-081_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-081/#TL-081.s1">What are the costs of SMBG in BC and Canada?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-081_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-081/#TL-081.s2">What are the benefits of SMBG in Type 2 diabetes?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-081_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-081/#TL-081.s3">Key messages from the CADTH report</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-081_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-081/#TL-081.s4">Clinical implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-081_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-081/#TL-081.s5">Current BC initiatives to optimize use of SMBG</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-081_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-081/#TL-081.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-081_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-081/#TL-081.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-080"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-080/">Letter 80. Dabigatran for atrial fibrillation Why we can not rely on RE-LY</a><div class="small">Published: March 2011.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-080" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-080_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-080/#TL-080.s1">Additional observations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-080_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-080/#TL-080.s2">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-080_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-080/#TL-080.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-079"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-079/">Letter 79. Is use of quetiapine for sleep evidence-based?</a><div class="small">Published: December 2010.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-079" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-079_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-079/#TL-079.s1">What is quetiapine?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-079_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-079/#TL-079.s2">Pharmacokinetics and cost</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-079_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-079/#TL-079.s3">Evidence for use in primary insomnia</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-079_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-079/#TL-079.s4">Potential adverse effects</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-079_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-079/#TL-079.s5">Does the evidence warrant use of quetiapine for insomnia?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-079_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-079/#TL-079.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-079_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-079/#TL-079.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-078"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-078/">Letter 78. Bisphosphonates: Do they prevent or cause bone fractures?</a><div class="small">Published: August 2010.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-078" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-078_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-078/#TL-078.s1">Abstract</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-078_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-078/#TL-078.s2">Highlights</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-078_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-078/#TL-078.s9">Commentary</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-077"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-077/">Letter 77. Do statins have a role in primary prevention? An update</a><div class="small">Published: April 2010.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-077" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-077_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-077/#TL-077.s1">Why is a new systematic review necessary?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-077_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-077/#TL-077.s2">How can CHD SAEs decrease, but not total SAEs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-077_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-077/#TL-077.s3">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-077_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-077/#TL-077.rl1">References</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-077_app1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-077/#TL-077.app1">Appendix. Forest Plots</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-076"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-076/">Letter 76. Are antidepressants safe in pregnancy? A focus on SSRIs</a><div class="small">Published: February 2010.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-076" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-076_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-076/#TL-076.s1">Are pregnant women at higher risk for depression?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-076_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-076/#TL-076.s2">Does depression in pregnancy lead to harm?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-076_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-076/#TL-076.s3">What are the benefits to the mother of SSRIs in pregnancy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-076_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-076/#TL-076.s4">What are the benefits to the infant of SSRIs in pregnancy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-076_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-076/#TL-076.s5">What are the harms to the fetus of SSRIs in pregnancy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-076_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-076/#TL-076.s6">Non-drug treatments</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-076_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-076/#TL-076.s7">Conclusions and clinical implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-076_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-076/#TL-076.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-075"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-075/">Letter 75. Gabapentin for pain: New evidence from hidden data</a><div class="small">Published: December 2009.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-075" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-075_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-075/#TL-075.s1">Background</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-075_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-075/#TL-075.s2">How Neurontin became a blockbuster</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-075_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-075/#TL-075.s3">Re-evaluation including unpublished trials</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-075_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-075/#TL-075.s4">How does pregabalin compare?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-075_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-075/#TL-075.s5">Conclusions and recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-075_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-075/#TL-075.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-074"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-074/">Letter 74. Increasing use of newer antipsychotics in children: A cause for concern?</a><div class="small">Published: June 2009.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-074" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-074_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-074/#TL-074.s1">Does prescribing of antipsychotics to children vary around the world?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-074_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-074/#TL-074.s2">What are BC trends in prescribing of newer antipsychotics to children?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-074_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-074/#TL-074.s3">What is known about the benefits and harms of newer antipsychotics in children?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-074_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-074/#TL-074.s4">Is there evidence for use of antipsychotics in behavioural conditions?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-074_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-074/#TL-074.s5">What are the implications of these findings for practitioners?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-074_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-074/#TL-074.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-073"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-073/">Letter 73. Atomoxetine for ADHD in children and adolescents</a><div class="small">Published: March 2009.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-073" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-073_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-073/#TL-073.s1">Evidence of Short-term (< 1 year) Efficacy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-073_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-073/#TL-073.s2">Risk of Bias</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-073_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-073/#TL-073.s3">Adverse Effects</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-073_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-073/#TL-073.s4">Warnings</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-073_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-073/#TL-073.s5">Dosing and Cost</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-073_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-073/#TL-073.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-073_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-073/#TL-073.s7">Recommendation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-073_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-073/#TL-073.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-072"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-072/">Letter 72. Prescription drug costs: BC versus Canada</a><div class="small">Published: December 2008.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-072" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-072_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-072/#TL-072.s1">How were the data in the Canadian Rx Atlas produced?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-072_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-072/#TL-072.s2">Per capita cost of prescribing in BC is 28% below the national average</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-072_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-072/#TL-072.s3">How much did BC save on prescription drug costs in 2007?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-072_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-072/#TL-072.s4">BC has the second lowest rate of increase in prescribing costs between 1998 and 2007</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-072_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-072/#TL-072.s5">Are BC’s lower prescription drug costs similar for different therapeutic categories?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-072_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-072/#TL-072.s6">Why are prescription drug costs in BC lower than in other provinces?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-072_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-072/#TL-072.s7">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-072_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-072/#TL-072.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-071"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-071/">Letter 71. Treatment of elevated blood pressure in the very elderly Less is better</a><div class="small">Published: October 2008.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-071" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-071_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-071/#TL-071.s1">What is the evidence for drug treatment of elevated blood pressure in patients 60 to 79 years of age?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-071_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-071/#TL-071.s2">What is the evidence for drug treatment of elevated blood pressure in patients older than 79 years?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-071_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-071/#TL-071.s3">What have we learned from the two HYVET studies?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-071_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-071/#TL-071.s4">Clinical Interpretation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-071_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-071/#TL-071.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-071_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-071/#TL-071.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-070"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-070/">Letter 70. Clinical Pearls from the most popular Cochrane reviews in 2007</a><div class="small">Published: August 2008.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-070" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-070_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-070/#TL-070.s1">Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-070_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-070/#TL-070.s2">Interventions for treating obesity in children </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-070_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-070/#TL-070.s3">Beta-blockers for hypertension </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-070_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-070/#TL-070.s4">Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-070_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-070/#TL-070.s5">Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-070_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-070/#TL-070.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-069"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-069/">Letter 69. What is the evidence for using CNS stimulants to treat ADHD in children?</a><div class="small">Published: May 2008.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-069" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-069_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-069/#TL-069.s1">Best available short-term (< 1 year) evidence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-069_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-069/#TL-069.s4">Best available medium-term (1 to 2 years) evidence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-069_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-069/#TL-069.s7">Best available long-term (> 2 years) evidence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-069_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-069/#TL-069.s10">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-069_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-069/#TL-069.s11">Recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-069_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-069/#TL-069.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-068"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-068/">Letter 68. Glycemic Targets in Type 2 Diabetes</a><div class="small">Published: February 2008.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-068" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-068_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-068/#TL-068.s1">What do these guidelines mean for clinicians?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-068_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-068/#TL-068.s2">What is the evidence used to support this approach?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-068_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-068/#TL-068.s3">Guideline assumptions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-068_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-068/#TL-068.s4">ACCORD, a test of the glycemic target hypothesis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-068_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-068/#TL-068.s5">What does Steno-2 tell us about glycemic targets?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-068_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-068/#TL-068.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-068_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-068/#TL-068.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-067"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-067/">Letter 67. Evaluating the Media as a source of Drug Therapy Information</a><div class="small">Published: December 2007.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-067" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-067_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-067/#TL-067.s1">What do we know about media reports of drug therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-067_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-067/#TL-067.s2">Media Doctor Canada criteria for assessing a medical news story </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-067_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-067/#TL-067.s3">How do these criteria relate to the Vitamin D news story?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-067_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-067/#TL-067.s4">What does recent research in Canada say about the quality of our media?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-067_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-067/#TL-067.s5">What happens to a media outlet when its coverage is inadequate?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-067_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-067/#TL-067.s6">What can a clinician do when confronted with a news story?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-067_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-067/#TL-067.s7">Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-067_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-067/#TL-067.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-066"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-066/">Letter 66. Is newer better? New drugs for treatment of overactive bladder</a><div class="small">Published: October 2007.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-066" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-066_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-066/#TL-066.s1">Darifenacin (Enablex<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-066_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-066/#TL-066.s2">Solifenacin (Vesicare<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-066_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-066/#TL-066.s3">Trospium (Trosec<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-066_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-066/#TL-066.s4">Evidence of Benefits and Harms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-066_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-066/#TL-066.s8">Recommendations of the Canadian Expert Drug Advisory Committee (CEDAC) of the CDR</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-066_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-066/#TL-066.s13">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-066_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-066/#TL-066.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-065"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-065/">Letter 65. Clinical implications of recent key therapeutic trials</a><div class="small">Published: August 2007.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-065" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-065_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-065/#TL-065.s1">Torcetrapib for prevention of cardiovascular events</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-065_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-065/#TL-065.s4">Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable angina </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-065_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-065/#TL-065.s7">Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) for hypercholesterolemia</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-065_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-065/#TL-065.s10">Oral anticoagulant plus antiplatelet for peripheral vascular disease</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-065_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-065/#TL-065.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-064"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-064/">Letter 64. Your opinions of the Therapeutics Letter: The 2006 Survey</a><div class="small">Published: June 2007.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-064" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-064_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-064/#TL-064.s1">Has the TI been successful at meeting its mandate?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-064_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-064/#TL-064.s2">Is the information in the Therapeutics Letter accurate and unbiased?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-064_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-064/#TL-064.s3">Print or Website Format?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-064_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-064/#TL-064.s4">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-064_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-064/#TL-064.s5">TI Website: www.ti.ubc.ca</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-063"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-063/">Letter 63. Using Framingham for primary prevention cardiovascular risk assessment</a><div class="small">Published: April 2007.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-063" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-063_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-063/#TL-063.s1">What are you calculating with a Framingham calculator?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-063_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-063/#TL-063.s2">Over what period of time is the risk being calculated?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-063_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-063/#TL-063.s3">What would be the estimate of CHD and CVD risk in our patient (TL 62) if we used the Framingham formulas?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-063_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-063/#TL-063.s4">How can one use these numbers to estimate benefit of treatment?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-063_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-063/#TL-063.s5">Has anybody done a systematic review of the accuracy and impact of risk assessment?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-063_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-063/#TL-063.s6">What are some limitations of using a Framingham calculator? </a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-063_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-063/#TL-063.s7">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-063_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-063/#TL-063.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-062"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-062/">Letter 62. Mild Hypertension: An approach to using evidence in the decision making process</a><div class="small">Published: February 2007.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-062" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-062_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-062/#TL-062.s1">Case</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-062_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-062/#TL-062.s2">Dialogue</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-062_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-062/#TL-062.s3">The Cochrane Library</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-062_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-062/#TL-062.s4">The Cochrane Hypertension Group</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-062_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-062/#TL-062.s5">Quantitative evidence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-062_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-062/#TL-062.s6">Back to the case</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-062_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-062/#TL-062.s7">Discussion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-062_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-062/#TL-062.s8">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-062_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-062/#TL-062.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-061"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-061/">Letter 61. What is the Common Drug Review?</a><div class="small">Published: December 2006.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-061" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-061_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-061/#TL-061.s1">What does the CDR do?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-061_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-061/#TL-061.s2">CEDAC decisions - 4 drug examples Excerpts from the CDR website</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-061_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-061/#TL-061.s3">Summary</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-061_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-061/#TL-061.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/">Letter 60. Clinical Pearls from <i>Prescrire</i></a><div class="small">Published: September 2006.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-060" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.s1">What is <i>Prescrire</i>?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.s2">Alendronate for secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures (Dec 1997)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.s3">Alendronate for primary prevention of osteoporotic fractures (Jan 2000)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.s4">Risedronate for primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures (Sep 2001)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.s5">Alendronate 70 mg tablet (Apr 2003)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.s6">Risedronate 35 mg tablet (Nov 2003)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.s7">Osteoporotic fractures in men (Jun 2003)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.s8">Topiramate for migraine prevention: best avoided (May 2006)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.s9">Tiotropium. Just a me-too for COPD (May 2006)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.s10">Drug Safety Update from Prescrire</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-060_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-060/#TL-060.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-059"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-059/">Letter 59. Increasing Drug Costs: Are we getting good value?</a><div class="small">Published: July 2006.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-059" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-059_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-059/#TL-059.s1">Few new “breakthrough” drugs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-059_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-059/#TL-059.s2">“Me-too” drugs responsible for 80% of increased spending</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-059_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-059/#TL-059.s3">Similar findings in other countries</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-059_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-059/#TL-059.s4">Possible cost savings</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-059_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-059/#TL-059.s5">Implications for Clinical Practice</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-059_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-059/#TL-059.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/">Letter 58. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy: An update on drug therapy</a><div class="small">Published: March 2006.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-058" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/#TL-058.s1">Alpha blockers</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/#TL-058.s2">5-α-reductase inhibitors</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/#TL-058.s3">Finasteride</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/#TL-058.s4">Finasteride versus alpha blockers</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/#TL-058.s5">Adding finasteride to an alpha blocker</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/#TL-058.s6">Adding an alpha blocker to finasteride</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/#TL-058.s7">Dutasteride</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/#TL-058.s8">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/#TL-058.s9">Clinical implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-058_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-058/#TL-058.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-057"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-057/">Letter 57. Drugs for Overactive Bladder Symptoms</a><div class="small">Published: December 2005.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-057" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-057_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-057/#TL-057.s1">What are the goals of treatment?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-057_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-057/#TL-057.s2">Non-drug therapy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-057_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-057/#TL-057.s3">Drug therapy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-057_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-057/#TL-057.s5">What does drug treatment achieve?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-057_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-057/#TL-057.s8">Which formulation, drug or dose?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-057_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-057/#TL-057.s9">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-057_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-057/#TL-057.s10">Clinical implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-057_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-057/#TL-057.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/">Letter 56. Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease</a><div class="small">Published: August 2005.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-056" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.s1">What treatment outcomes are important to patients and caregivers?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.s2">What does AChE-I treatment achieve? Results of double blind RCTs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.s5">What do trial results mean for patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.s6">Is one AChE-I better for AD?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.s7">New evidence about prevention of AD</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.s8">Can AChE-I therapy be discontinued?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.s9">Memantine</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.s10">Drug costs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.s11">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_s12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.s12">Key references</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-056_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-056/#TL-056.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-055"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-055/">Letter 55. Clinical Pearls from The Cochrane Library</a><div class="small">Published: March 2005.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-055" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-055_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-055/#TL-055.s1">Corticosteroids for acute traumatic brain injury</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-055_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-055/#TL-055.s2">Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) for venous thromboembolism</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-055_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-055/#TL-055.s3">Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-055_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-055/#TL-055.s4">Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for hypertension</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-055_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-055/#TL-055.s5">Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-055_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-055/#TL-055.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-054"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-054/">Letter 54. Use of Benzodiazepines in BC Is it consistent with recommendations?</a><div class="small">Published: December 2004.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-054" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-054_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-054/#TL-054.s1">Has prescribing of these drugs changed between 1996 and 2002?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-054_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-054/#TL-054.s2">Which benzos were most frequently prescribed in 1996 and 2002?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-054_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-054/#TL-054.s3">What proportion of people in BC received a benzo and how does that vary by gender and age?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-054_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-054/#TL-054.s4">What proportion of patients are using benzos as recommended?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-054_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-054/#TL-054.s5">CONCLUSIONS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-054_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-054/#TL-054.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-053"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-053/">Letter 53. Rofecoxib (Vioxx<sup>®</sup>) withdrawal generates uncertainty about “ COX-2s”: Do product monographs adequately inform?</a><div class="small">Published: October 2004.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-053" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-053_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-053/#TL-053.s1">Consider the following case</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-053_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-053/#TL-053.s2">Do COX-2 selective NSAIDs improve arthritis symptoms more than non-selective NSAIDs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-053_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-053/#TL-053.s3">Do COX-2 selective NSAIDs cause fewer complicated ulcers than non-selective NSAIDs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-053_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-053/#TL-053.s4">Do COX-2 selective NSAIDs cause more cardiovascular thrombotic events than non-selective NSAIDs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-053_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-053/#TL-053.s5">Case discussion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-053_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-053/#TL-053.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-053_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-053/#TL-053.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-052"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-052/">Letter 52. Antidepressant Medications in Children and Adolescents</a><div class="small">Published: June 2004.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-052" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-052_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-052/#TL-052.s1">Regulatory Status</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-052_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-052/#TL-052.s2">Drug Utilization</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-052_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-052/#TL-052.s3">Evidence of effectiveness</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-052_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-052/#TL-052.s4">Evidence of harm</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-052_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-052/#TL-052.s5">Summary</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-052_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-052/#TL-052.s6">Clinical Implications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-052_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-052/#TL-052.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-051"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-051/">Letter 51. New Drugs VIII</a><div class="small">Published: March 2004.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-051" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-051_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-051/#TL-051.s1">Telithromycin (Ketek<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-051_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-051/#TL-051.s2">Ezetimibe (Ezetrol<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-051_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-051/#TL-051.s3">Topical Pimecrolimus (Elidel<sup>®</sup>) and Tacrolimus (Protopic<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-051_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-051/#TL-051.rl1">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-050"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-050/">Letter 50. Can blood pressure be lowered by a change in diet? Evidence from the DASH trials</a><div class="small">Published: December 2003.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-050" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-050_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-050/#TL-050.s1">Case</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-050_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-050/#TL-050.s2">What makes the DASH trials different from other nutritional trials?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-050_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-050/#TL-050.s3">DASH trial</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-050_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-050/#TL-050.s4">DASH-Sodium trial</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-050_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-050/#TL-050.s5">What does this mean for this patient?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-050_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-050/#TL-050.s6">What are the limitations of the DASH diets?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-050_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-050/#TL-050.s7">How can you assist a motivated patient?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-050_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-050/#TL-050.s8">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-050_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-050/#TL-050.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-049"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-049/">Letter 49. Statin’s benefit for secondary prevention confirmed: What is the optimal dosing strategy?</a><div class="small">Published: September 2003.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-049" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-049_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-049/#TL-049.s1">Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-049_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-049/#TL-049.s2">Lescol Intervention Prevention Study (LIPS)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-049_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-049/#TL-049.s3">PROSPER (described in Letter #48)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-049_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-049/#TL-049.s4">GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary-heart-disease Evaluation (GREACE)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-049_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-049/#TL-049.s5">Heart Protection Study (HPS)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-049_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-049/#TL-049.s6">What is the optimal statin dosing strategy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-049_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-049/#TL-049.s10">What is needed?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-049_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-049/#TL-049.s11">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-049_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-049/#TL-049.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-048"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-048/">Letter 48. Do Statins have a Role in Primary Prevention?</a><div class="small">Published: June 2003.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-048" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-048_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-048/#TL-048.s1">Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-048_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-048/#TL-048.s2">Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-048_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-048/#TL-048.s3">Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-048_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-048/#TL-048.s4">What is the overall health impact when statins are prescribed for primary prevention?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-048_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-048/#TL-048.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-048_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-048/#TL-048.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/">Letter 47. The Answer: Thiazides First-line for Hypertension</a><div class="small">Published: March 2003.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-047" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s1">ALLHAT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s2">ANBP2</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s3">Which class was best at reducing mortality and morbidity?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s4">Which class was best tolerated?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s5">Which class lowered BP the best?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s6">Did thiazides cause metabolic effects?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s7">What are the drug usage trends for hypertension in Canada?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s8">What are the cost implications?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s9">Do these results alter hypertension treatment?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s10">How do you increase thiazide use?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s11">What is the role for other classes of antihypertensive drugs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_s12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.s12">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-047_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-047/#TL-047.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-046"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-046/">Letter 46. Menopausal Combined Hormone Therapy Update</a><div class="small">Published: December 2002.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-046" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-046_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-046/#TL-046.s1">WHI/HERS II details</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-046_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-046/#TL-046.s2">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-046_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-046/#TL-046.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-045"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-045/">Letter 45. Do Single Stereoisomer Drugs Provide Value?</a><div class="small">Published: September 2002.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-045" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-045_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-045/#TL-045.s1">Are single enantiomers better?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-045_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-045/#TL-045.s2">Enantiomeric drugs under development</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-045_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-045/#TL-045.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-044"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-044/">Letter 44. New Drugs VII</a><div class="small">Published: May 2002.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-044" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-044_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-044/#TL-044.s1">Mirtazapine (Remeron<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-044_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-044/#TL-044.s2">Salmon-Calcitonin Nasal Spray (Miacalcin<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-044_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-044/#TL-044.s3">Gatifloxacin (Tequin<sup>®</sup>) and Moxifloxacin (Avelox<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-044_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-044/#TL-044.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-043"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-043/">Letter 43. COX-2 inhibitors update: Do journal publications tell the full story?</a><div class="small">Published: January 2002.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-043" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-043_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-043/#TL-043.s1">What is the presumptive therapeutic advantage of COX-2 selective NSAIDs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-043_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-043/#TL-043.s2">What was the objective of the CLASS and VIGOR comparative trials?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-043_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-043/#TL-043.s3">What do the FDA data tell us?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-043_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-043/#TL-043.s4">Why do COX-2 inhibitors increase serious adverse events?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-043_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-043/#TL-043.s5">What about less serious outcomes?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-043_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-043/#TL-043.s6">Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-043_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-043/#TL-043.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-042"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-042/">Letter 42. Serious Adverse Event Analysis: Lipid-Lowering Therapy Revisited</a><div class="small">Published: October 2001.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-042" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-042_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-042/#TL-042.s1">How does SAE analysis relate to the usual way data in RCTs are presented?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-042_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-042/#TL-042.s2">Are SAEs reported in the major lipid-lowering trials?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-042_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-042/#TL-042.s3">What can be learned from all-cause mortality?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-042_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-042/#TL-042.s4">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-042_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-042/#TL-042.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-041"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-041/">Letter 41. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy: Rapid answers using the Cochrane Library</a><div class="small">Published: July 2001.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-041" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-041_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-041/#TL-041.s1">Case</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-041_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-041/#TL-041.s2">The Cochrane Library</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-041_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-041/#TL-041.s3">Quantitative evidence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-041_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-041/#TL-041.s4">Back to the case</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-041_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-041/#TL-041.s5">Asymptomatic bacteriuria in perspective</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-041_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-041/#TL-041.s6">CONCLUSIONS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-041_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-041/#TL-041.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-040"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-040/">Letter 40. Direct To Consumer Advertising: Finasteride for male pattern hair loss</a><div class="small">Published: April 2001.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-040" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-040_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-040/#TL-040.s1">Does this sound familiar?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-040_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-040/#TL-040.s2">What should clinicians do in this situation?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-040_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-040/#TL-040.s3">What questions should you answer before writing a prescription?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-040_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-040/#TL-040.s4">What happens to a company when the DTCA is deemed to be misleading?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-040_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-040/#TL-040.s5">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-040_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-040/#TL-040.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/">Letter 39. Selective COX-2 inhibitors: Are they safer NSAIDs?</a><div class="small">Published: February 2001.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-039" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.s1">What is the baseline risk of peptic ulcer complications?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.s2">What is the risk of peptic ulcer complications in patients taking NSAIDs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.s3">What can be done to reduce the risk of NSAID GI toxicity?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.s4">Why might selective COX-2 inhibitors cause less peptic ulcer complications?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.s5">How is the GI toxicity of different NSAIDs best compared?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.s6">Do the newer more selective COX-2 inhibitors cause less serious GI toxicity?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.s7">Are the newer selective COX-2 inhibitors safer overall?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.s8">What important data is not provided in these RCT publications?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.s9">What is the dose and cost of newer NSAIDs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.s10">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-039_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-039/#TL-039.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-038"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-038/">Letter 38. Prevention and Treatment of Influenza A and B</a><div class="small">Published: December 2000.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-038" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-038_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-038/#TL-038.s1">Prevention with vaccines</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-038_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-038/#TL-038.s5">Prevention and treatment with drugs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-038_s14"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-038/#TL-038.s14">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-038_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-038/#TL-038.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-037"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-037/">Letter 37. Antiplatelet Chemoprevention of Occlusive Vascular Events and Death</a><div class="small">Published: October 2000.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-037" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-037_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-037/#TL-037.s1">What are the clinical implications of the ATC systematic review?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-037_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-037/#TL-037.s4">What is the role for other antiplatelet drugs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-037_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-037/#TL-037.s7">Adding other antiplatelet drugs to ASA?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-037_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-037/#TL-037.s9">Do all antiplatelet drugs act by the same mechanism of action?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-037_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-037/#TL-037.s10">How are these drugs handled by the body?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-037_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-037/#TL-037.s11">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-037_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-037/#TL-037.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-036"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-036/">Letter 36. New Drugs VI</a><div class="small">Published: August 2000.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-036" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-036_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-036/#TL-036.s1">Rosiglitazone (Avandia<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-036_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-036/#TL-036.s2">Tolterodine (Detrol<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-036_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-036/#TL-036.s3">Bupropion (Wellbutrin SR<sup>®</sup>, Zyban<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-036_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-036/#TL-036.s4">New Data on Old Drugs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-036_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-036/#TL-036.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-035"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-035/">Letter 35. Sources of Drug Therapy Information</a><div class="small">Published: June 2000.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-035" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-035_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-035/#TL-035.s1">Internet Sources</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-035_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-035/#TL-035.s2">Subscription Sources</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-035_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-035/#TL-035.s3">Textbook Sources</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-035_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-035/#TL-035.s4">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-034"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-034/">Letter 34. New Drugs V</a><div class="small">Published: April 2000.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-034" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-034_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-034/#TL-034.s1">Orlistat (Xenical<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-034_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-034/#TL-034.s2">Raloxifene (Evista<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-034_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-034/#TL-034.s3">Spironolactone (Aldactone<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-034_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-034/#TL-034.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-033"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-033/">Letter 33. Treatment of Pain in the Older Patient</a><div class="small">Published: February 2000.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-033" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-033_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-033/#TL-033.s1">What evidence is available about pain treatment in the elderly?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-033_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-033/#TL-033.s2">What if there is limited evidence from controlled trials?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-033_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-033/#TL-033.s4">Do older persons respond differently to drugs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-033_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-033/#TL-033.s5">What is known about specific drugs for chronic pain?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-033_s17"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-033/#TL-033.s17">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-033_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-033/#TL-033.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-032"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-032/">Letter 32. Management of Erectile Dysfunction</a><div class="small">Published: November 1999.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-032" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-032_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-032/#TL-032.s1">What are the implications for primary care physicians?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-032_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-032/#TL-032.s2">How does one confirm the diagnosis?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-032_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-032/#TL-032.s3">What investigations are appropriate?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-032_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-032/#TL-032.s4">What is the role of the partner?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-032_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-032/#TL-032.s5">What modes of therapy are available?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-032_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-032/#TL-032.s6">What are the options for erection enhancement?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-032_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-032/#TL-032.s9">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-032_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-032/#TL-032.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/">Letter 31. Celecoxib (Celebrex<sup>®</sup>): Is it a Breakthrough Drug?</a><div class="small">Published: September 1999.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-031" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.s1">• Case</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.s2">• Does this drug provide a therapeutic advantage for osteoarthritis?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.s3">• Is relative efficacy and safety information available?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.s4">• Is relative efficacy and safety information available to the TI ?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.s5">• How did celecoxib obtain a licence for sale in Canada?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.s6">• Is independent verification of the TPP decision possible?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.s7">• Why were trial reports not published?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.s8">• Why insist on published data?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.s9">• Future TI assessment</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.s10">• Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-031_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-031/#TL-031.rl1">Abstracts and partially reported clinical trials</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-030"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-030/">Letter 30. Levels of Evidence for Clinical Decisions: Menopausal Hormone Therapy Revisited</a><div class="small">Published: July 1999.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-030" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-030_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-030/#TL-030.s1">Case</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-030_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-030/#TL-030.s2">Is there evidence available to assist us in this case?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-030_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-030/#TL-030.s3">Is there other RCT evidence available?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-030_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-030/#TL-030.s4">What should we advise her?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-030_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-030/#TL-030.s5">What can be learned from this example?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-030_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-030/#TL-030.s6">What if our patient was merely at risk for CHD (primary prevention)?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-030_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-030/#TL-030.s7">What if our patient had a previous osteoporotic fracture instead of an MI?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-030_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-030/#TL-030.s8">Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-030_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-030/#TL-030.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-029"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-029/">Letter 29. Leukotriene Antagonists: What is their role in the management of ASTHMA?</a><div class="small">Published: May 1999.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-029" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-029_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-029/#TL-029.s1">What is the rationale for leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs)?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-029_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-029/#TL-029.s2">How are LTRAs handled in the body?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-029_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-029/#TL-029.s3">What is the evidence for their effectiveness?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-029_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-029/#TL-029.s4">Safety</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-029_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-029/#TL-029.s5">Dose and daily cost</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-029_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-029/#TL-029.s6">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-029_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-029/#TL-029.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-028"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-028/">Letter 28. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: Their role in hypertension and congestive heart failure</a><div class="small">Published: March 1999.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-028" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-028_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-028/#TL-028.rl1">References</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-028_rl2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-028/#TL-028.rl2">Excluded Studies <i>[reason for exclusion]</i></a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-028_rl3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-028/#TL-028.rl3">Included Studies</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-027"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-027/">Letter 27. Review & Update 1998</a><div class="small">Published: December 1998.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-027" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-027_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-027/#TL-027.s1">Treatment of Hypertension</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-027_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-027/#TL-027.s2">Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-027_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-027/#TL-027.s3">Lipid lowering therapy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-027_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-027/#TL-027.s4">Olanzapine</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-027_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-027/#TL-027.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-026"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-026/">Letter 26. New Drugs IV</a><div class="small">Published: October 1998.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-026" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-026_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-026/#TL-026.s1">Donepezil (Aricept<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-026_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-026/#TL-026.s2">Levofloxacin (Levaquin<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-026_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-026/#TL-026.s3">Pantoprazole (Pantoloc<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-026_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-026/#TL-026.s4">Quetiapine (Seroquel<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-026_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-026/#TL-026.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-025"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-025/">Letter 25. Herbal Medicines: An Evidence Based Look</a><div class="small">Published: 1998.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-025" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-025_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-025/#TL-025.s1">What problems are specific to herbal medicines?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-025_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-025/#TL-025.s5">How can effectiveness be determined?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-025_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-025/#TL-025.s6">Do herbal medicines cause adverse effects?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-025_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-025/#TL-025.s7">What herbal medicines are most commonly used by patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-025_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-025/#TL-025.s8">Summary</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-025_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-025/#TL-025.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/">Letter 24. Lipid Lowering Therapy</a><div class="small">Published: May 1998.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-024" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/#TL-024.s1">What are the benefits of dietary therapy for secondary prevention?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/#TL-024.s2">What are the benefits of drug therapy for secondary prevention?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/#TL-024.s7">What are the benefits of drug therapy for primary prevention?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/#TL-024.s8">Choosing a statin</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/#TL-024.s9">What are the major adverse effects of statins?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/#TL-024.s10">Adherence to therapy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/#TL-024.s11">Who will benefit most from therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024_s12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/#TL-024.s12">By how much should you reduce LDL levels?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/#TL-024.s13">Summary</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-024_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-024/#TL-024.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-023"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-023/">Letter 23. Management of Type 2 Diabetes</a><div class="small">Published: March 1998.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-023" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-023_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-023/#TL-023.s1">What is the evidence that improved glucose control leads to a decrease in complications of type 2 diabetes?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-023_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-023/#TL-023.s2">What are the new criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-023_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-023/#TL-023.s3">What are the risk factors for diabetes?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-023_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-023/#TL-023.s4">What is the evidence for non-drug therapies?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-023_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-023/#TL-023.s5">What drug therapies have been shown to lower blood glucose?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-023_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-023/#TL-023.s6">Modes of action</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-023_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-023/#TL-023.s7">Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-023_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-023/#TL-023.s8">THE THERAPEUTICS LETTER — LETTERS 1–23</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-023_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-023/#TL-023.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/">Letter 22. Treatment of Acute Migraine Headaches</a><div class="small">Published: December 1997.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-022" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.s1">How are migraines classified?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.s2">What non-pharmacologic therapies are recommended?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.s3">What <u>oral</u> agents are effective?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.s10">Is there evidence that some oral agents are superior to others?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_s15"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.s15">What <u>injectable</u> agents are effective?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_s16"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.s16">Is there evidence that some injectable agents are superior to others?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_s17"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.s17">What <u>intranasal</u> therapies are effective?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_s18"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.s18">What about headache recurrence with sumatriptan?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_s19"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.s19">What about the cardiovascular effects of sumatriptan?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_s20"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.s20">Conclusions & Suggestions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_ack1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.ack1">Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-022_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-022/#TL-022.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/">Letter 21. Effective Clinical Tobacco Intervention</a><div class="small">Published: October 1997.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-021" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s1">What does smoking do to people’s health?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s2">Why do smokers keep smoking?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s3">How does tobacco addiction work?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s4">What do we know about smoking behaviour?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s5">What non-drug interventions can the clinician use to help patients quit smoking?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s6">What pharmacological interventions have proven effective?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s9">Can nicotine replacement continue long-term addiction to nicotine?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s10">What are the contraindications to nicotine replacement therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s11">What other drugs can be used to treat nicotine addiction?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s12">What strategies should guide pharmacological therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.s13">Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-021_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-021/#TL-021.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-020"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-020/">Letter 20. New Drugs III</a><div class="small">Published: August 1997.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-020" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-020_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-020/#TL-020.s1">Alendronate (Fosamax<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-020_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-020/#TL-020.s2">Dorzolamide (Trusopt<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-020_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-020/#TL-020.s3">Acarbose (Prandase<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-020_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-020/#TL-020.s4">Olanzapine (Zyprexa<sup>®</sup>)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-020_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-020/#TL-020.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-019"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-019/">Letter 19. Medical Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia</a><div class="small">Published: June 1997.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-019" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-019_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-019/#TL-019.s1">• What are the symptoms of BPH?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-019_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-019/#TL-019.s2">• What is the natural history of BPH?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-019_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-019/#TL-019.s3">• What outcome measures are relevant for our patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-019_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-019/#TL-019.s4">• What is the evidence that medical therapy helps BPH?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-019_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-019/#TL-019.s8">• Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-019_ack1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-019/#TL-019.ack1">Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-019_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-019/#TL-019.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/">Letter 18. Management of Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care</a><div class="small">Published: April 1997.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-018" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.s1">What is the initial approach to a patient who presents with anxiety?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.s2">What non-drug therapies are strongly recommended in managing most patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.s3">How does one manage the common uncomplicated cases?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.s8">What therapies have been proven effective in the more difficult cases?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_s12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.s12">Practical Prescribing Tips</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.s13">Why discourage long-term benzodiazepine therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_s14"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.s14">How does one manage patients who are already receiving long-term drug therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_s15"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.s15">Tips for the management of Benzodiazepine withdrawal</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_s16"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.s16">Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_ack1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.ack1">Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-018_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-018/#TL-018.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-017"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-017/">Letter 17. New Drugs 2</a><div class="small">Published: January 1997.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-017" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-017_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-017/#TL-017.s1">Famciclovir (Famvir) and Valacyclovir (Valtrex)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-017_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-017/#TL-017.s2">Torsemide (Demadex)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-017_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-017/#TL-017.s3">Etodolac (Ultradol)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-017_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-017/#TL-017.s4">Naltrexone (Revia)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-017_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-017/#TL-017.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-016"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-016/">Letter 16. Review and Update 1996</a><div class="small">Published: December 1996.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-016" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-016_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-016/#TL-016.s1">• What has changed in the past year?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-016_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-016/#TL-016.s2">• H. pylori and Gastro-esophageal Reflux. Letter 2, 3 & 13: Nov. & Dec.’94, Mar/Apr ‘96</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-016_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-016/#TL-016.s3">• Treatment of Angina and Hypertension. Letters 6,7, 8, & 9: May-Sept. ‘95</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-016_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-016/#TL-016.s4">• What has been the response of BC physicians to the calcium channel blocker (CCB) controversy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-016_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-016/#TL-016.s5">• Changing concepts in the management of asthma. Letter 12: Jan–Feb. ‘96</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-016_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-016/#TL-016.s6">• Menopausal Hormone Therapy. Letter 14: May–July ‘96</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-016_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-016/#TL-016.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-015"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-015/">Letter 15. Evidence Based Drug Therapy: What Do the Numbers Mean?</a><div class="small">Published: October 1996.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-015" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-015_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-015/#TL-015.s1">• Why do you and your patients need to know the difference between relative risk (RR), relative risk reduction (RRR), absolute risk reduction (ARR), and number needed to treat (NTT)?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-015_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-015/#TL-015.s2">• How can you and your patient make the most informed decision?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-015_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-015/#TL-015.s3">• What is evidence Based Drug Therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-015_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-015/#TL-015.s4">• How does the Therapeutics Initiative compile the evidence that is presented in the Therapeutics Letter?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-015_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-015/#TL-015.s5">• What if the evidence is inconclusive?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-015_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-015/#TL-015.rl1">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/">Letter 14. Menopausal Hormone Therapy</a><div class="small">Published: July 1996.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-014" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s1">• Definitions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s2">• What are the initial goals of care for the menopausal woman?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s3">• What are the important non-drug therapies?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s4">• What are the indications for hormone therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s8">• What are the side effects that limit the use of hormone therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s9">• What are the most convenient oral regimens?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s10">• What is the evidence for benefits and risks of long-term therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s11">• What is the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s12">• What is the risk of breast cancer?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s13">• Does hormone therapy prevent cardiovascular disease?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s14"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s14">• Does hormone therapy prevent fractures associate with osteoporosis?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_s15"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.s15">• Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_ack1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.ack1">Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-014_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-014/#TL-014.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-013"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-013/">Letter 13. New Drugs</a><div class="small">Published: April 1996.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-013" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-013_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-013/#TL-013.s1">Losartan (Cozaar)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-013_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-013/#TL-013.s2">Lansoprazole (Prevacid)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-013_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-013/#TL-013.s3">Cefprozil (Cefzil)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-013_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-013/#TL-013.s4">Zuclopenthixol (Clopixol)</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/">Letter 12. Changing Concepts in the Management of Asthma</a><div class="small">Published: February 1996.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-012" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.s1">• What are the goals of therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.s2">• What are the non-pharmacological therapies?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.s3">• What is the role of the following drugs in the management of asthma?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.s5">• Inhaled, oral, and parenteral corticosteroids</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.s6">• Cromoglycate and nedocromil inhalers and oral ketotifen</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.s7">• Long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonists</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.s8">• Oral theophylline</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.s9">• Inhaled ipratropium bromide</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.s10">• What is the role of the different inhaler devices and peak expiratory flow (PEF) meters?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.s11">• Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_ack1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.ack1">Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-012_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-012/#TL-012.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/">Letter 11. To Sleep or not to Sleep: Here are your Questions</a><div class="small">Published: December 1995.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-011" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/#TL-011.s1">• What are the goals of therapy in managing a patient with transient or chronic insomnia?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/#TL-011.s2">• What approaches are essential in managing all patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/#TL-011.s3">• What non-prescription drugs are useful in treating insomnia?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/#TL-011.s4">• Are there clinically significant differences between available prescription hypnotics?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/#TL-011.s5">• What pharmacological actions of these drugs are important to appreciate before prescribing?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/#TL-011.s6">• How should I manage a new patient with insomnia?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/#TL-011.s7">• How should I manage the patient who is taking a hypnotic every night?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/#TL-011.s8">• What about older sedative-hypnotics?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/#TL-011.s9">• Conclusions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-011_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-011/#TL-011.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/">Letter 10. Dose Titration: Minimize to Maximize</a><div class="small">Published: October 1995.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-010" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/#TL-010.s1">• What is the problem with using product monograph or CPS dosing recommendations?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/#TL-010.s2">• Why are “recommended” drug doses often excessive for your patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/#TL-010.s3">• What can we learn from the classic dose response curve?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/#TL-010.s4">• How do you determine the best dose for your patients or how do you help your patient determine their best dose?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/#TL-010.s5">• What about patients presently receiving chronic standard CPS doses?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/#TL-010.s6">• What if you require a more rapid response to drug therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/#TL-010.s7">• How do I use lower doses if they are not readily available?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/#TL-010.s8">• What conditions cannot be treated with a titration approach?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/#TL-010.s9">• What is the optimal length of a prescription?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-010_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-010/#TL-010.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/">Letter 9. Review and Update</a><div class="small">Published: September 1995.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-009" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s1">• What is our position on Reference Based Pricing?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s2">• How do we minimize bias?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s3">• How do we ensure relevance to patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s4">• What has changed in the last year?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s5">• Letter 1: H2 Blockers, Oct.’94</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s6">• Letter 2: H. Pylori and Peptic Ulcer, Nov.‘94</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s7">• Letter 3: Gastroesophageal Reflux, Dec.’94</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s8">• Letter 4: NSAIDs for Osteoarthritis, Feb.’95</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s9">• Letter 5: Anti-infective Guidelines, March‘95</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s10">• Letter 6: Nitrates for Stable Angina, May‘95</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_s11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.s11">• Letters7,8: Treatment of Hypertension, June-Aug.‘95</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-009_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-009/#TL-009.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-008"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-008/">Letter 8. Drugs of Choice in the Treatment of Hypertension: Part 2</a><div class="small">Published: August 1995.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-008" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-008_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-008/#TL-008.s1">• What is the evidence that beta blockers decrease morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-008_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-008/#TL-008.s2">• In what hypertensive patients is a beta blocker the drug of first choice?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-008_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-008/#TL-008.s3">• In what hypertensive patients is an ACE inhibitor the drug of first choice?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-008_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-008/#TL-008.s4">• In what hypertensive patients is a calcium antagonist the drug of first choice?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-008_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-008/#TL-008.s5">• In what hypertensive patients are second drugs useful ?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-008_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-008/#TL-008.s6">• Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-008_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-008/#TL-008.rl1">References</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-008_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-008/#TL-008.s7">• What is the Therapeutics Initiative?</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-007"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-007/">Letter 7. Drugs of Choice in the Treatment of Hypertension: Part 1</a><div class="small">Published: June 1995.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-007" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-007_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-007/#TL-007.s1">• What evidence do we have about the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs in preventing cardiovascular diseases?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-007_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-007/#TL-007.s2">• Are there differences in blood pressure lowering efficacy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-007_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-007/#TL-007.s3">• Are there differences in tolerability or quality of life measures?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-007_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-007/#TL-007.s4">• Are there differences in convenience or cost?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-007_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-007/#TL-007.s5">• What about the metabolic consequences of thiazide therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-007_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-007/#TL-007.s6">• What is the mechanism of antihypertensive action of thiazides?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-007_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-007/#TL-007.s7">• Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-007_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-007/#TL-007.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-006"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-006/">Letter 6. Medical Management of Ischemic Heart Disease: The Optimal Use of Nitrates</a><div class="small">Published: May 1995.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-006" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-006_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-006/#TL-006.s1">• What is the drug of choice for prevention of stable angina pectoris?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-006_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-006/#TL-006.s2">• What about the patient who is not controlled or intolerant to beta blockers?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-006_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-006/#TL-006.s3">• How does one prevent the development of nitrate tolerance?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-006_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-006/#TL-006.s4">• How does isosorbide dinitrate work?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-006_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-006/#TL-006.s5">• What is the role of sustained release preparations, ointment and patches?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-006_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-006/#TL-006.s6">• How do I switch from one preparation to another?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-006_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-006/#TL-006.s7">• What prophylactic nitrate products are used in British Columbia?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-006_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-006/#TL-006.s8">• How does one treat acute angina?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-006_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-006/#TL-006.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-005"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-005/">Letter 5. Anti-infective Guidelines for Community-Acquired Infections</a><div class="small">Published: March 1995.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-005" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-005_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-005/#TL-005.s1">What should the doctor do when faced with the patient requesting an inappropriate prescription?</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-004"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-004/">Letter 4. Should we be using NSAIDS for the treatment of Osteoarthritis and “Rheumatism”</a><div class="small">Published: February 1995.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-004" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-004_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-004/#TL-004.s1">• Is there evidence of differences in effectiveness of the different NSAIDS?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-004_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-004/#TL-004.s2">• What is the treatment of choice for osteoarthritis?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-004_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-004/#TL-004.s3">• Is ketorolac (Toradol) a more effective analgesic than other NSAIDS?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-004_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-004/#TL-004.s4">• Is there evidence that NSAIDs have a disease-modifying effect?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-004_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-004/#TL-004.s5">• What are the major risks of NSAIDs in my patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-004_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-004/#TL-004.s6">• How can I minimize the risk of NSAIDs in my patients?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-004_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-004/#TL-004.s7">• What are the least expensive NSAIDs?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-004_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-004/#TL-004.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-003"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-003/">Letter 3. Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)</a><div class="small">Published: December 1994.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-003" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-003_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-003/#TL-003.s1">What non-pharmacologic techniques are helpful in GERD?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-003_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-003/#TL-003.s2">What drugs decrease lower esophageal sphincter pressure and worsen GERD?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-003_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-003/#TL-003.s3">How should one manage the patient with symptoms of heartburn?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-003_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-003/#TL-003.s4">Are prokinetic agents useful?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-003_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-003/#TL-003.s5">What is the treatment of choice in the patient with severe erosive esophagitis?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-003_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-003/#TL-003.s6">What should be done in the refractory patient and in the patients who relapse?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-003_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-003/#TL-003.s7">What are the concems about long-term omeprazole therapy?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-003_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-003/#TL-003.s8">Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-003_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-003/#TL-003.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-002"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-002/">Letter 2. Definitive Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease by Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori <i>(H. pylori)</i></a><div class="small">Published: November 1994.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-002" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-002_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-002/#TL-002.s1">• What is H. pylori?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-002_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-002/#TL-002.s2">• What conditions are associcded with H. pylori infestation?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-002_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-002/#TL-002.s3">• What upper GI conditions are <u>not</u> associated with H. pylori infestation?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-002_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-002/#TL-002.s4">• What treatments have been satisfactorily tested at this time?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-002_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-002/#TL-002.s5">• What are the advantages to my patients if H. pylori is successfully eradicated?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-002_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-002/#TL-002.s6">• What is the best treatment and how long do you treat?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-002_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-002/#TL-002.s7">• What about safety and compliance?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-002_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-002/#TL-002.s8">• When should you treat H. pylori infection?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-002_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-002/#TL-002.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-001"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-001/">Letter 1. Treatment of Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia in Adults: Common Questions about H<sub>2</sub>-blockers</a><div class="small">Published: October 1994.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK598434_toc_TL-001" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-001_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-001/#TL-001.s1">Commonly asked questions</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-001_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-001/#TL-001.s9">Conclusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK598434_toc_TL-001_rl1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/theraletter/TL-001/#TL-001.rl1">References</a></li></ul></li></ul><div class="bktoc_all_cntnr align_right" style="display:none"><ul class="inline_list_right"><li><a class="bktoc_all_exp" href="#">Expand All</a></li><li style="margin-left:.8em"><a class="bktoc_all_clps" href="#">Collapse All</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK598434/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK598434/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK598434" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK598434" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Perry T, editor. Therapeutics Letter. 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