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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Sargramostim - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]">
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Sargramostim">
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<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Child Health and Human Development">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2023/10/15">
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<meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK596281/">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Sargramostim">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Leukine">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="rHu GM-CSF">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="23-L-LEUCINECOLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR 2 (HUMAN CLONE PHG25 PROTEIN MOIETY)">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="B1 61.012">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="B1-61012">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR 2 (HUMAN CLONE PHG25 PROTEIN MOIETY), 23-L-LEUCINE-">
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Sargramostim">
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<meta name="DC.Date" content="2023/10/15">
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<meta name="description" content="Sargramostim is a slightly modified, glycosylated form of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF is a normal component of breastmilk, probably generated in milk by breastmilk macrophages.[1,2] However, breastfed infants do not have greater serum GM-CSF serum levels than formula-fed infants and neutrophil activation resulting from GM-CSF is no different between breastfed and formula-fed infants. These lacks of differences are probably because GM-CSF is a large molecule with a molecular weight of 23,000 Da and is probably partly digested in the infant’s gastrointestinal tract and poorly absorbed by the infant. No information is available on the use of intravenous sargramostim in nursing mothers, but breastmilk levels of GM-CSF were not increased in one nursing mother after receiving inhaled sargramostim. Maternal sargramostim is unlikely to adversely affect her breastfed infant.">
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<meta name="og:title" content="Sargramostim">
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<meta name="og:description" content="Sargramostim is a slightly modified, glycosylated form of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF is a normal component of breastmilk, probably generated in milk by breastmilk macrophages.[1,2] However, breastfed infants do not have greater serum GM-CSF serum levels than formula-fed infants and neutrophil activation resulting from GM-CSF is no different between breastfed and formula-fed infants. These lacks of differences are probably because GM-CSF is a large molecule with a molecular weight of 23,000 Da and is probably partly digested in the infant’s gastrointestinal tract and poorly absorbed by the infant. No information is available on the use of intravenous sargramostim in nursing mothers, but breastmilk levels of GM-CSF were not increased in one nursing mother after receiving inhaled sargramostim. Maternal sargramostim is unlikely to adversely affect her breastfed infant.">
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class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK596281_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Sargramostim</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK596281_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p><p><em>Estimated reading time: 2 minutes</em></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><p>CASRN: 123774-72-1</p><div id="sargramostim.Drug_Levels_and_Effects"><h2 id="_sargramostim_Drug_Levels_and_Effects_">Drug Levels and Effects</h2><div id="sargramostim.Summary_of_Use_during_Lacta"><h3>Summary of Use during Lactation</h3><p>Sargramostim is a slightly modified, glycosylated form of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF is a normal component of breastmilk, probably generated in milk by breastmilk macrophages.[<a class="bibr" href="#sargramostim.REF.1" rid="sargramostim.REF.1">1</a>,<a class="bibr" href="#sargramostim.REF.2" rid="sargramostim.REF.2">2</a>] However, breastfed infants do not have greater serum GM-CSF serum levels than formula-fed infants and neutrophil activation resulting from GM-CSF is no different between breastfed and formula-fed infants. These lacks of differences are probably because GM-CSF is a large molecule with a molecular weight of 23,000 Da and is probably partly digested in the infant’s gastrointestinal tract and poorly absorbed by the infant. No information is available on the use of intravenous sargramostim in nursing mothers, but breastmilk levels of GM-CSF were not increased in one nursing mother after receiving inhaled sargramostim. Maternal sargramostim is unlikely to adversely affect her breastfed infant.</p></div><div id="sargramostim.Drug_Levels"><h3>Drug Levels</h3><p><i>Maternal Levels.</i> Twenty nursing mothers of full-term infants provided milk samples at 5 days postpartum. The average concentration of GM-CSF in their milk was 100 ng/L.[<a class="bibr" href="#sargramostim.REF.3" rid="sargramostim.REF.3">3</a>]</p><p>A woman with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis caused by GM-CSF autoantibodies was treated with inhaled sargramostim 250 mcg daily. GM-CSF was undetectable in milk both before and 8 hours after receiving inhaled sargramostim.[<a class="bibr" href="#sargramostim.REF.4" rid="sargramostim.REF.4">4</a>]</p><p><i>Infant Levels.</i> Twenty breastfed and 13 formula-fed full-term infants had serum concentration of GM-CSF measured at 5 days of age. Breastfed infants had an average GM-CSF concentration of 33.5 ng/L and formula-fed infants had an average GM-CSF serum concentration of 18.9 ng/L, but this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, no difference was found in neutrophil chemotaxis between the two groups and no correlations were found between GM-CSF concentrations in milk or infants' sera and neutrophil chemotaxis.[<a class="bibr" href="#sargramostim.REF.3" rid="sargramostim.REF.3">3</a>]</p></div><div id="sargramostim.Effects_in_Breastfed_Infant"><h3>Effects in Breastfed Infants</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="sargramostim.Effects_on_Lactation_and_Br"><h3>Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="sargramostim.References"><h3>References</h3><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="sargramostim.REF.1">Garofalo
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R.
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Cytokines in human milk.
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J Pediatr
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2010;156 (2
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Suppl):S36-S40. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20105664" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20105664</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="sargramostim.REF.2">Ichikawa
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M., Sugita
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M., Takahashi
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M., et al.
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Breast milk macrophages spontaneously produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and differentiate into dendritic cells in the presence of exogenous interleukin-4 alone.
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Immunology
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2003;108:189-95. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1782879/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1782879</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12562327" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12562327</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="sargramostim.REF.3">Gasparoni
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A., Chirico
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G., De Amici
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M., et al.
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Granulocyte-marophage colony-stimulating factor in human milk.
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Eur J Pediatr
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1996;155:69. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8750819" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8750819</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="sargramostim.REF.4">Roach
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M, Chalk
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C, Stock
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J, et al.
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Risk of autoimmune PAP caused by passive transfer of GM-CSF autoantibodies during breast feeding: A case report.
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Am J Respir Crit Care Med
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2023;207 (Suppl S):A4940. doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_MeetingAbstracts.A4940 [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_MeetingAbstracts.A4940" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div></div><div id="sargramostim.Substance_Identification"><h2 id="_sargramostim_Substance_Identification_">Substance Identification</h2><div id="sargramostim.Substance_Name"><h3>Substance Name</h3><p>Sargramostim</p></div><div id="sargramostim.CAS_Registry_Number"><h3>CAS Registry Number</h3><p>123774-72-1</p></div><div id="sargramostim.Drug_Class"><h3>Drug Class</h3><p>Breast Feeding</p><p>Lactation</p><p>Milk, Human</p><p>Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors</p><p>Colony-Stimulating Factors</p><p>Immunologic Factors</p></div></div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_top_margin"><p><b>Disclaimer: </b>Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information on this Site.</p></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK596281_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Revision: <span itemprop="dateModified">October 15, 2023</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a><p class="small"><b>Attribution Statement:</b> LactMed is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</p></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006-. Sargramostim. [Updated 2023 Oct 15].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM1438/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM1324/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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