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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Barrett Esophagus">
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Esophageal Neoplasms">
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endoscopic treatment (low-grade dysplasia and indefinite dysplasia)" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK595312_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for endoscopic treatment (low-grade dysplasia and indefinite dysplasia)</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus and stage 1 oesophageal adenocarcinoma</div><p><b>Evidence review I</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 231</i></p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2023 Feb</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-5015-7</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> &#x000a9; NICE 2023.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1"><h2 id="_niceng231er9_s1_">1. Endoscopic treatment (low-grade dysplasia and indefinite dysplasia)</h2><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question</h3><p>For adults with Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus with low-grade or indefinite dysplasia, what is the clinical and cost effectiveness of endoscopic treatments?</p><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.1"><h4>1.1.1. Introduction</h4><p>There is well established evidence that low-grade dysplasia carries a risk of progression into cancer, although the rate of progression is relatively low. There are endoscopic treatment options for the eradication of low-grade dysplasia. This includes ablative technologies, the most common of which is radiofrequency ablation (RFA). These techniques deliver a mucosal burn to the Barrett&#x02019;s mucosa, with subsequent regrowth of healthy non dysplastic neo-squamous epithelium. This is not risk free, and carries risks of bleeding, perforation, and stricture formation. It often involves a course of treatments and requires the use of specialist disposable equipment. Consequently, it is important to determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of endoscopic treatment techniques for low-grade dysplasia within Barrett&#x02019;s</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.2"><h4>1.1.2. Summary of the protocol</h4><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng231er9.appa">Appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng231er9tab1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng231er9tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng231er9.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.3"><h4>1.1.3. Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#niceng231er9.appa">appendix A</a> and the <a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/methods-pdf-11371337245.pdf">methods</a> document.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/about/who-we-are/policies-and-procedures" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NICE&#x02019;s conflicts of interest policy</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.4"><h4>1.1.4. Effectiveness evidence</h4><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.4.1"><h5>1.1.4.1. Included studies</h5><p>Four studies (3 RCTs, 1 observational study) are included in the review;<a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref1" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref8" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a><sup>-</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref10" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a> these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng231er9tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab2">Table 2</a> below. Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng231er9tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab3">Table 3</a>).</p><p>All studies examined RFA compared with endoscopic surveillance with one study comparing RFA to a sham endoscopic procedure. The components of the sham endoscopic procedure were reviewed by the committee who noted it matched endoscopic surveillance and thus results for outcomes reported by more than one RCT were pooled together in meta-analysis.</p><p>Although RCT evidence was available for this comparison, there was an observational study identified that included long-term follow-up data for a population of one of the included RCTs (the SURF trial). The committee were interested to view this data for the purpose of decision-making and thus observational data from this study was included. There were no further observational studies for this comparison that were excluded.See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng231er9.appc">Appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#niceng231er9.appd">Appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#niceng231er9.appe">Appendix E</a>. and GRADE tables in <a href="#niceng231er9.appf">Appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.4.2"><h5>1.1.4.2. Excluded studies</h5><p>One Cochrane review was identified{Bennett, 2020 #961}. The review could not be included as its population of interest was not relevant to this review protocol as it was set-out to include people with high-grade dysplasia and early cancer of different cellular cancer types, not limited to Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus such as squamous cell carcinoma. The Cochrane review did not identify any studies for inclusion, further highlighting the limited availability of evidence in the area.</p><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#niceng231er9.appi">Appendix I</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.5"><h4>1.1.5. Summary of studies included in the effectiveness evidence</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng231er9tab2"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng231er9tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng231er9.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng231er9.appd">Appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.6"><h4>1.1.6. Summary of the effectiveness evidence</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng231er9tab3"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng231er9tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Clinical evidence summary: RFA versus endoscopic surveillance/sham endoscopic procedure (RCT data)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng231er9.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: RFA versus endoscopic surveillance/sham endoscopic procedure (RCT data). </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng231er9tab4"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng231er9tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Clinical evidence summary: RFA versus endoscopic surveillance (observational data; long-term follow-up)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng231er9.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: RFA versus endoscopic surveillance (observational data; long-term follow-up). </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng231er9.appf">Appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.7"><h4>1.1.7. Economic evidence</h4><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.7.1"><h5>1.1.7.1. Included studies</h5><p>Two health economic studies with the relevant comparison were included in this review.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref2" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref7" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a> They are summarised in the health economic evidence profile below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng231er9tab5" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab5">Table 5</a>) and the health economic evidence table in <a href="#niceng231er9.apph">Appendix H</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.7.2"><h5>1.1.7.2. Excluded studies</h5><p>No relevant health economic studies were excluded due to assessment of limited applicability or methodological limitations.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng231er9.appg">Appendix G</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.8"><h4>1.1.8. Summary of included economic evidence</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng231er9tab5"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng231er9tab5" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Health economic evidence profile: radiofrequency ablation versus endoscopic surveillance." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng231er9.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Health economic evidence profile: radiofrequency ablation versus endoscopic surveillance. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.9"><h4>1.1.9. Economic model</h4><p>This area was not prioritised for new cost-effectiveness analysis.</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.10"><h4>1.1.10. Unit costs</h4><p>Relevant unit costs are provided below to aid consideration of cost effectiveness.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng231er9tab6"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng231er9tab6" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Unit cost for therapeutic endoscopic procedures in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng231er9.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9tab6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Unit cost for therapeutic endoscopic procedures in adults. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.11"><h4>1.1.11. Evidence statements</h4><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.11.1"><h5>Economic</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>One cost utility analysis reported that radiofrequency ablation was cost effective compared to annual endoscopic surveillance (ICER: &#x000a3;13,718). This study was graded as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>One cost-effectiveness analysis compared radiofrequency ablation to endoscopic surveillance and reported that the cost per progression to neoplasia prevented was &#x000a3;23,896. This study was graded as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.12"><h4>1.1.12. The committee&#x02019;s discussion and interpretation of the evidence</h4><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.12.1"><h5>1.1.12.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee considered the outcomes of mortality (disease specific and all-cause mortality), health-related quality of life, complete regression of Barrett&#x02019;s dysplasia and Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus, recurrence of dysplasia or neoplasia, need for retreatment, complications of treatment (such as bleeding, perforation, stricture, pain), rate of hospitalisation, progress to higher grade dysplasia and cancer and conversion to non-endoscopic procedure after treatment. For purposes of decision making, all outcomes were considered equally important and were therefore rated as critical. No evidence was identified for the outcomes of health-related quality of life, need for treatment, rate of hospitalisation and conversion to non-endoscopic procedure.</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.12.2"><h5>1.1.12.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>Two RCT&#x02019;s compared radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to endoscopic surveillance and one RCT to a sham endoscopic procedure. The components of endoscopic surveillance and sham endoscopic procedure were the same, and where the same outcomes were being reported across studies results from the three RCTs were pooled together in meta-analysis. The quality of the evidence varied across outcomes ranging from very low to high. The quality of the evidence was high for complete eradication of dysplasiaand complications outcomes. The quality of the evidence for the outcome persistent low-grade dysplasia was moderate as it was downgraded for imprecision in the effect estimate. The quality of the evidence for the outcome progression to cancer was low because it was downgraded for imprecision and inconsistency (due to zero events in both arms of one of the two studies pooled together in the meta-analysis) and low for the outcome of complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia downgraded for very serious inconsistency unexplained by sub-group analysis. The quality of evidence for progression to high-grade dysplasia/cancer and progression to high-grade dysplasia outcomes was very low. The former was downgraded for inconsistency (due to heterogeneity in the two studies pooled together in the meta-analysis), the latter for risk of bias (due to baseline differences in the use of aspirin and NSAIDS). Both outcomes were downgraded for imprecision in the effect estimates resulting in a very low-quality rating.</p><p>There was evidence from one observational study comparing RFA with endoscopic surveillance. The quality of evidence for outcomes of progression to high-grade dysplasia/cancer, and progression to cancer was very low as it was downgraded for risk of bias (due to potential selection bias), the latter was also downgraded for imprecision in the effect estimate.</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.12.3"><h5>1.1.12.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>Clinical evidence from three RCTs and one observational study showed a clinically important benefit of RFA compared to endoscopic surveillance across all outcomes examined, except for complications. RCT evidence showed a clinically important benefit of RFA over endoscopic surveillance for complete eradication of dysplasia and complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia.</p><p>Evidence from 3 RCTs showed a clinical benefit of RFA in terms of progression to high-grade dysplasia/cancer and for the separately reported outcomes progression to high-grade dysplasia and progression to cancer, although the committee noted evidence for the outcomes had been downgraded by two increments for very serious imprecision, based on the confidence intervals around of effect estimates. Although when drafting the protocol, the committee rated all outcomes as equally important, they noted the outcomes of progression to high-grade dysplasia and progression to cancer to be very important and more weight should be placed on the results of these outcomes. Therefore, they agreed it was appropriate to lower the default threshold used to assess clinical importance from 100 per 1,000 people treated to 50 per 1,000 people treated. For the outcomes of progression to high-grade dysplasia or cancer to be considered clinically important, an absolute risk difference of 50 fewer/more cases per 1,000 treated with the intervention compared to the control group should be present. Evidence from one observational study also showed a clinical benefit of RFA over surveillance for the outcome&#x02019;s progression to high-grade dysplasia/cancer and progression to cancer. The committee noted there was imprecision in the effect estimates of these outcomes across the RCT and observational evidence, slightly lowering confidence in the results, but this was overcome by the benefit of RFA over surveillance for progression to high-grade dysplasia and cancer being supported by three separate RCTs and one observational study.</p><p>In contrast, two RCTs showed a clinical benefit of endoscopic surveillance over RFA for the complication&#x02019;s outcome. The committee noted based on their clinical experience, RFA can result in some cases of minor bleeding, a stricture rate of approximately 5% which can easily be resolved and would infrequently result in more severe bleeding.</p><p>The committee agreed the evidence strongly supported RFA as protection against progression to high-grade dysplasia and cancer. Overall, they agreed that the benefit of protecting against progression to high-grade dysplasia and cancer outweighed the potential small risk of complications involved, especially as these are not likely to be severe. The committee agreed based on the evidence identified it was appropriate to make a recommendation supporting the use of RFA for people with low-grade oesophageal dysplasia. Based on clinical experience, the committee agreed that in order for RFA to be offered, the diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia should be first confirmed by two gastrointestinal pathologists. It was emphasised this reflects current practice as RFA is conducted in specialist centres, by highly experienced pathologists who would not consider RFA unless there is evidence for low-grade dysplasia from biopsies obtained from 2 separate endoscopiesy</p><p>The committee noted that only people with low-grade dysplasia were included in the studies and no evidence had been identified for people with indefinite dysplasia. They acknowledged that the efficacy of RFA is likely to be similar, but the benefit of treatment for people with indefinite dysplasia may be much lower as the risk of progression to HGD/cancer is lower than for people with confirmed low-grade dysplasia. They emphasised evidence was not available to support this conclusion. Based on their clinical experience, the committee agreed that endoscopic surveillance at 6 monthly intervals was appropriate for people with indefinite dysplasia to enable the detection of progression to low-grade dysplasia. The committee believed this to be appropriate because in their clinical experience the risk of progression is approximately 3-5 times higher in people with indefinite dysplasia compared to people with non-dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus. Based on experience, the committee also noted that indefinite dysplasia is often associated with excessive inflammation of the oesophagus. Thus, they agreed that people with a diagnosis of indefinite dysplasia should also be manged by optimising the dosages of acid-suppressant medication.</p><p>The committee emphasised that in current practice low-grade dysplasia is managed with RFA and that the lack of evidence to support the use of other ablation modalities for treating low-grade dysplasia, such as cryotherapy or EMR, was not unexpected. Cryotherapy is a more recent treatment, and less research has been completed. Endoscopic resection treatment would not be usual in this population.</p><p>The committee discussed the psychological impact of having Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus without receiving any intervention. They agreed that although no data for quality-of-life (QoL) had been identified, in their experience QoL of people with Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus is likely to be worse without treatment. Decisions on treatment would be made in discussion with individual patients.</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.12.4"><h5>1.1.12.4. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>Endoscopic treatment is a more costly and risky procedure than endoscopic surveillance. However, it is also associated with an improved quality of life. The frequency of surveillance after an endoscopic treatment is expected to reduce, so there is the potential for future cost savings.</p><p>Two economic evaluations were identified for this review.</p><p>One cost utility analysis took a Spanish NHS perspective comparing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to annual endoscopic surveillance in people with low-grade dysplasia in Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus. The model time horizon was 15 years. Future costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% each year, which does not align with the NICE reference case. Costs were taken from national databases. Resource use associated with treatment were based on expert clinical opinion. QALYs were captured using a utility scale ranging from 1 to 0, with 1 representing perfect health and 0 representing death. The study was funded by a device manufacturing company.</p><p>The study reported that RFA was cost effective compared to annual endoscopic surveillance, with a cost per QALY gained of &#x000a3;13,718.</p><p>The other economic evaluation took a Dutch perspective. The population was patients with Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus containing low-grade dysplasia. The study was based on the surveillance versus radiofrequency (SURF) trial with a follow-up period of three years. A cost effectiveness analysis was conducted where the health outcome was cost per event of progression to neoplasia prevented. Costs were evaluated from the perspective of the hospital provider, which is based in a national health service. Resource use was based on data from the SURF trial. A discount rate of 3% was applied to all costs, which is not exactly in line with the current NICE reference case. The analysis was funded by a device manufacturing company.</p><p>The committee noted that since quality of life data was not captured during the trial, it was not feasible to conduct a cost-utility analysis. It is difficult to decide on an acceptable threshold at which the cost per progression averted would represent value for money. Furthermore, they noted that the time horizon of 3 years was far too short to adequately capture progression to neoplasia.</p><p>The committee discussed the clinical and economic evidence. A cost-utility analysis showed that RFA was cost-effective versus endoscopic surveillance while the clinical evidence demonstrated a clear clinical benefit with endoscopic ablation therapies over endoscopic surveillance. The committee agreed that a time horizon of 15 years was sufficiently long to capture the costs and effects. They also agreed that a cost per QALY gained below the threshold of &#x000a3;20,000 per QALY gained enable a decision to be made. The committee therefore decided to offer radiofrequency ablation to individuals with low-grade dysplasia confirmed by expert pathologists and by two endoscopies. This recommendation is not expected to have any significant impact on NHS resource use since it corresponds to current practice.</p><p>In the absence of any evidence in people with indefinite dysplasia, the cost effectiveness of endoscopic treatment in this group is uncertain. The committee were unable to make any recommendation for this group and therefore issued a research recommendation.</p></div></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.13"><h4>1.1.13. Recommendations supported by this evidence review</h4><p>This evidence review supports recommendations 1.5.3 and 1.5.4 and the research recommendations on endoscopic treatments alone and in combination.</p></div><div id="niceng231er9.s1.1.rl.r1"><h4>1.1.14. References</h4><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref1">Barret
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EJ, Das
S
et al. The cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation for Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus with low-grade dysplasia: Results from a randomized controlled trial (SURF trial). Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2017; 86(1):120&#x02013;129 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27956164" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27956164</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref8">Phoa
KN, van Vilsteren
FG, Weusten
BL, Bisschops
R, Schoon
EJ, Ragunath
K
et al. Radiofrequency ablation vs endoscopic surveillance for patients with Barrett esophagus and low-grade dysplasia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014; 311(12):1209&#x02013;1217 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24668102" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24668102</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref9">Pouw
RE, Klaver
E, Phoa
KN, van Vilsteren
FG, Weusten
BL, Bisschops
R
et al. Radiofrequency ablation for low-grade dysplasia in Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus: Long-term outcome of a randomized trial. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2020; 92(3):569&#x02013;574 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32217112" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32217112</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref10">Shaheen
NJ, Sharma
P, Overholt
BF, Wolfsen
HC, Sampliner
RE, Wang
KK
et al. Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus with dysplasia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009; 360(22):2277&#x02013;2288 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19474425" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19474425</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng231er9.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="niceng231er9.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Review protocol for endoscopic treatment (low-grade dysplasia and indefinite dysplasia)</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 186K)</span></p><p id="niceng231er9.appa.et2"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appa-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Health economic review protocol</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 136K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng231er9.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref5" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></p><p>For more information, please see the Methodology review published as part of the accompanying documents for this guideline.</p><p id="niceng231er9.appb.et1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appb-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 190K)</span></p><p id="niceng231er9.appb.et2"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appb-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 127K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng231er9.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Effectiveness evidence study selection</h3><p id="niceng231er9.appc.et1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appc-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of: Endoscopic treatments (low-grade dysplasia, indefinite dysplasia)</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 66K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng231er9.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Effectiveness evidence</h3><p id="niceng231er9.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (404K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng231er9.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><p id="niceng231er9.appe.et1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appe-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">RFA versus endoscopic surveillance/sham endoscopic procedure (RCT data)</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 185K)</span></p><p id="niceng231er9.appe.et2"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appe-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">RFA versus endoscopic surveillance (observational data; long-term follow-up)</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 105K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng231er9.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p id="niceng231er9.appf.et1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appf-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Clinical evidence profile: RFA versus endoscopic surveillance/sham endoscopic procedure (RCT data)</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 219K)</span></p><p id="niceng231er9.appf.et2"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appf-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Clinical evidence profile: RFA versus endoscopic surveillance (observational data; long-term follow-up)</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 173K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng231er9.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><p id="niceng231er9.appg.et1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-appg-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (163K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng231er9.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><p id="niceng231er9.apph.et1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/bin/niceng231er9-apph-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (176K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng231er9.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng231er9.appi.s1"><h4>Clinical studies</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng231er9appitab1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng231er9appitab1" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9appitab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.appi.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.appi.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Studies excluded from the clinical review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng231er9.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng231er9appitab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Studies excluded from the clinical review. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng231er9.appi.s2"><h4>Health Economic studies</h4><p>Published health economic studies that met the inclusion criteria (relevant population, comparators, economic study design, published 2006 or later and not from non-OECD country or USA) but that were excluded following appraisal of applicability and methodological quality are listed below. See the health economic protocol for more details.</p><p>None.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence review underpinning recommendations 1.5.3 to 1.5.4 and research recommendations in the NICE guideline</p><p>National Institute for Health and Care Excellence</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> &#x000a9; NICE 2023.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK595312</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37792986" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">37792986</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng231er9tab1"><div id="niceng231er9.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng231er9.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng231er9.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng231er9.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Inclusion: Adults, 18 years and over, with Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus and dysplasia (low-grade) or indefinite for dysplasia</p>
<p>Exclusion: Non-dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus, stage 1 adenocarcinoma</p>
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng231er9.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng231er9.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Endoscopic treatment alone:
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Endoscopic ablation (radiofrequency ablation (RFA), argon plasma coagulation (APC), Cryotherapy)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Endoscopic resection (endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).</div></li></ul></p>
<p>Endoscopic treatment in combination:
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Endoscopic ablation &#x00026; endoscopic resection</div></li></ul></p>
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng231er9.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng231er9.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Different endoscopic modalities (e.g., RFA vs Cryotherapy, RFA vs APC)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Endoscopic surveillance</div></li></ul>
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng231er9.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng231er9.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>All outcomes are considered equally important for decision making and therefore have all been rated as critical:
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality (disease specific mortality and all-cause mortality)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Health related quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complete regression of Barrett&#x02019;s dysplasia and Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrence of dysplasia or neoplasia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for retreatment</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications of treatment (bleeding, perforation, stricture, pain)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Rate of hospitalization</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Progression to higher grade dysplasia and cancer</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Conversion to non-endoscopic procedure</div></li></ul> Minimum follow up period of 1 year but to include longest follow up period available.</p>
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng231er9.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng231er9.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>RCT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If no RCT data is available, non-randomised studies if there is an active comparator within the study</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic review of RCT&#x02019;s</div></li></ul> Published NMAs and IPDs will be considered for inclusion.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng231er9tab2"><div id="niceng231er9.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng231er9.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barret 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref1" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)</p>
<p>(n=40)</p>
<p>vs</p>
<p>Endoscopic surveillance: annually (n=42)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus patients with confirmed low-grade dysplasia</p>
<p>(n=82)</p>
<p>Mean age (SD): 62.3 (10.06) years</p>
<p>France</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Complete eradication of dysplasia</p>
<p>Complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia</p>
<p>Persistent low-grade dysplasia at 3 years (extracted as proxy for recurrence of dysplasia)</p>
<p>Complications (including fever, chest pain, upper GI bleeding, stricture)</p>
<p>Progression to high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma</p>
<p>3 years after randomisation</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Multicentre RCT (14 French centres)</p>
<p>N=81 (98.8%) were on PPIs at inclusion</p>
<p>Anti-reflux surgery had been performed in n=16 patients (19.5%).</p>
<p>N=8 (9.8%) had prior endoscopic resection for high-grade dysplasia/ early adenocarcinoma.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Phoa 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref8" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>RFA (n=68); (double-dose PPI was given as maintenance therapy during the trial)</p>
<p>vs</p>
<p>Endoscopic surveillance (n=68):</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus patients with low-grade dysplasia</p>
<p>(n=136)</p>
<p>Mean age (SD): 63 (9.51) years</p>
<p>The Netherlands, Belgium, UK, Ireland, Germany</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Complete eradication of dysplasia</p>
<p>Complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia</p>
<p>Progression to high-grade dysplasia/ adenocarcinoma</p>
<p>Adverse events (protocol outcome: complications)</p>
<p>During a 3-year follow-up</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Multicentre RCT (9 European centres): the Surveillance vs Radiofrequency Ablation (SURF) study)</p>
<p>The trial was terminated early due to the superiority of ablation for the primary outcome (neoplastic progression) and the potential for safety issues if the trial continued. At point of termination, participants had completed at least 2 years of follow-up.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pouw 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref9" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>RFA (n=68)</p>
<p>Vs</p>
<p>Endoscopic surveillance (n=68)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus patients with low-grade dysplasia</p>
<p>(n=136)</p>
<p>The Netherlands, Belgium, UK, Ireland, Germany</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Progression to high-grade dysplasia/ adenocarcinoma</p>
<p>Follow-up: 73 months; additional median follow-up of 40 months (IQR 12-51) of the SURF study.</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Retrospective cohort study of patients included in the SURF study.</p>
<p>Further non-comparative data available: at long-term follow-up 15 patients from the surveillance group were offered RFA. Complete clearance of intestinal metaplasia was found in 75/83 patients and recurrence was found in 7/75.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shaheen 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref10" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>RFA</p>
<p>Vs</p>
<p>Sham endoscopic procedure</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Patients with dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus (n=127; n=64 had low-grade dysplasia and were included in this review)</p>
<p>Mean age (range): 65.72 (41-78)</p>
<p>USA</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Complete eradication of dysplasia</p>
<p>Complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia</p>
<p>Progression to high-grade dysplasia/cancer</p>
<p>At 12 months</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Multicentre RCT (19 sites)</p>
<p>Includes people with high-grade dysplasia but randomisation and results were stratified by grade of dysplasia; only results relevant to the low-grade dysplasia population are presented in the present review.</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng231er9tab3"><div id="niceng231er9.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: RFA versus endoscopic surveillance/sham endoscopic procedure (RCT data)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng231er9.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
<p>&#x02116; of participa nts</p>
<p>(studies) Followup</p>
</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
<p>Certainty of the evidence</p>
<p>(GRADE)</p>
</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
<p>Relative effect</p>
<p>(95% CI)</p>
</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with endoscopic surveillance</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with RFA</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complete eradication of dysplasia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>272</p>
<p>(3 RCTs)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>&#x02a01;&#x02a01;&#x02a01;&#x02a01;</p>
<p>High</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>RR 3.06</p>
<p>(2.26 to 4.14)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">268 per 1,000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>551 more per 1,000</p>
<p>(337 more to 841 more)</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>264</p>
<p>(3 RCTs)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>&#x02a01;&#x02a01;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;</p>
<p>LOW <sup>b</sup></p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>OR 27.86</p>
<p>(16.47 to 47.14)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1,000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>720 more per 1,000</p>
<p>(650 more to 790 more) <sup>a</sup></p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>213</p>
<p>(2 RCTs)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>&#x02a01;&#x02a01;&#x02a01;&#x02a01;</p>
<p>High</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>OR 9.19</p>
<p>(3.67 to 22.98)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1,000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>190 more per 1,000</p>
<p>(110 more to 270 more) <sup>a</sup></p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Progression to high-grade dysplasia/cancer</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>213</p>
<p>(2 RCTs)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>&#x02a01;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;</p>
<p>Very low <sup>b</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>c</sup></p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>RR 0.17</p>
<p>(0.02 to 1.36)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">269 per 1,000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>223 fewer per 1,000</p>
<p>(263 fewer to 97 more)</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Progression to high-grade dysplasia</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>64</p>
<p>(1 RCT)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>&#x02a01;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;</p>
<p>Very low <sup>c</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>d</sup></p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>RR 0.35</p>
<p>(0.06 to 1.94)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136 per 1,000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>89 fewer per 1,000</p>
<p>(128 fewer to 128 more)</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Progression to cancer</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>200</p>
<p>(2 RCTs)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>&#x02a01;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;</p>
<p>Very Low <sup>e</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>f</sup></p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk difference =0.05 (&#x02212;0.11, 0.00)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67 per 1,000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>50 fewer per 1,000</p>
<p>(from 110 fewer to 0 more) <sup>g</sup></p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Persistent low-grade dysplasia (at 3 years; proxy for recurrence)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>77</p>
<p>(1 RCT)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>&#x02a01;&#x02a01;&#x02a01;&#x025ef;</p>
<p>Moderate <sup>c</sup></p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>RR 0.60</p>
<p>(0.38 to 0.94)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">675 per 1,000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>270 fewer per 1,000</p>
<p>(419 fewer to 41 fewer)</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Due to zero events in one arm, based on risk difference calculated as: 0.72 (95%CI 0.65, 0.79) for complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia; 0.19 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.27) for complications.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments because the confidence intervals across studies show minimal overlap and Heterogeneity, I<sup>2</sup>&#x0003e;70%, unexplained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs; default MIDs for dichotomous outcomes: 0.8 and 1.25</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>d</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab3_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment as the evidence was at high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>e</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab3_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment for inconsistency due to zero events in both arms of one study but not the other study.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>f</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab3_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments for imprecision due to xero events in both arms of one study, calculated &#x0003c;80% using OIS (optimal information size) <a href="https://www.stat.ubc.ca/~rollin/stats/ssize/b2.html" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;.stat.ubc<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;.ca/~rollin/stats/ssize/b2.html</a> indicating very serious imprecision</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>g</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab3_7"><p class="no_margin">Due to zero events in both arms of one study, based on the risk difference calculated as: &#x02212;0.05 (&#x02212;0.11, 0.00)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng231er9tab4"><div id="niceng231er9.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: RFA versus endoscopic surveillance (observational data; long-term follow-up)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng231er9.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
<p>&#x02116; of participants</p>
<p>(studies) Follow-up</p>
</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">
<p>Certainty of the evidence</p>
<p>(GRADE)</p>
</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with endoscopic surveillance (obs.data; long-term follow-up)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with RFA</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Progression to high-grade dysplasia/cancer</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>136</p>
<p>(1 observation al study)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>&#x02a01;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;</p>
<p>Very low<sup>a</sup></p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>RR 0.04</p>
<p>(0.01 to 0.31)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">338 per 1,000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>325 fewer per 1,000</p>
<p>(335 fewer to 233 fewer)</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Progression to cancer</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>136</p>
<p>(1 observation al study)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>&#x02a01;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;&#x025ef;</p>
<p>Very low<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>RR 0.14</p>
<p>(0.02 to 1.13)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103 per 1,000</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng231er9.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>89 fewer per 1,000</p>
<p>(101 fewer to 13 more)</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment as the evidence was at high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID; default MIDs for dichotomous outcomes: 0.8 and 1.25</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng231er9tab5"><div id="niceng231er9.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Health economic evidence profile: radiofrequency ablation versus endoscopic surveillance</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng231er9.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Limitations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other comments</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Increment al cost</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental effects</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Uncertainty</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Esteban 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref2" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></p>
<p>(Spain)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup>(a)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations<sup>(b)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Probabilistic semi-Markov model based on data from literature</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost-utility analysis (QALYs)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Population: People with LGD in BO</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparators:
<ol><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Annual endoscopic surveillance</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)</div></li></ol></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Time horizon: 15 years</div></li></ul>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;7,682<sup>(c)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.56 QALYs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;13,718 per QALY gained</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted, some of the parameters most impacting the cost per QALY gained were:<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>the time horizon between 5-25 years; ICER: &#x000a3;12,998-&#x000a3;19,135</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>the starting age between 55-75 years; ICER: &#x000a3;13,136-&#x000a3;19,154</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>the cost of RFA procedures by 25% either way; ICER: &#x000a3;9,180-&#x000a3;18,242,</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>the utility of the cured state by 0.03 either way; ICER: &#x000a3;11,036-&#x000a3;17,954</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Phoa 2017 <a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref7" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></p>
<p>(The Netherlands)</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup>(d)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Probabilistic model based on Within-RCT analysis (SURF/Phoa 2014 <a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref8" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a>)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost-effectiveness analysis (cost per patient progression to neoplasia prevented)</div></li></ul>
<p>Population: Patients with BO containing LGD
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparators:
<ol><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Endoscopic surveillance</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiofrequency ablation</div></li></ol></div></li></ul></p>
<p>Time horizon: 3 years</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;5,974<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.25 progression to neoplasia prevented</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;23,896 per progression to neoplasia prevented 95% CI: &#x000a3;14,152 to &#x000a3;47,975</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab5_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bootstrapping was used to calculate confidence intervals. Sensitivity analysis was not conducted.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin"><i>Abbreviations: 95% CI= 95% confidence interval; BO= Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus; LGD= low-grade dysplasia; RCT= randomised controlled trial;</i> SURF= surveillance versus radiofrequency ablation</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">The Spanish NHS perspective may not be entirely relevant to the UK NHS. Future costs and outcomes are not discounted in line with the NICE reference case. QALYS are not captured using the EQ-5D measure.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Resource use associated with treatment was based on expert clinical opinion. Drug costs associated with symptomatic control of Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus do not seem to have been included. Study was funded by a pharmaceutical company.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">2013 Euros converted to UK pounds<a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref6" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a>. Cost components incorporated: drug costs (radiotherapy and chemotherapy including administration costs, procedure costs, follow-up costs, treatment complication costs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab5_4"><p class="no_margin">Management of BO in The Netherlands may not be reflective of current UK practice. Time horizon may not be sufficiently long to capture the consequences of interventions.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab5_5"><p class="no_margin">A cost-utility analysis was not conducted. The reported ICER is very close to the lower 95% CI level and suggests that the data from the probabilistic analysis is skewed.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(f)</dt><dd><div id="niceng231er9.tab5_6"><p class="no_margin">2012 US dollars converted to UK pounds<a class="bibr" href="#niceng231er9.s1.1.ref6" rid="niceng231er9.s1.1.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a>. Cost components incorporated: Endoscopic therapy after neoplastic progression, surgical treatment of neoplastic progression, medication after neoplastic progression, treatment of adverse events after neoplastic progression</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng231er9tab6"><div id="niceng231er9.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Unit cost for therapeutic endoscopic procedures in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng231er9.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Resource</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unit costs</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">FE20Z Therapeutic Endoscopic Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Procedures, 19 years and over,</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;993</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Reference Costs 2019/20{NHS England, #1132}</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng231er9appitab1"><div id="niceng231er9.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK595312/table/niceng231er9.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng231er9.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
(2017) Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) followed by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in neoplastic Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus or Barrett early cancer is also economically superior to sole radical endoscopic resection. Tumor diagnostik und therapie
38(8): 501&#x02013;506 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27171331" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27171331</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Study not reported in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
(2016) Effects of preceding endoscopic mucosal resection on the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus: results from the United States Radiofrequency Ablation Registry. Diseases of the esophagus. 29 (6) (pp 537&#x02013;543), 2016. Date of publication: 01
aug
2016. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4977202/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4977202</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26121935" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26121935</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>High-grade dysplasia and intramucosal cancer; paper considered for inclusion in question 4.2</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
(2020) Erratum: correction: argon plasma coagulation for Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus with low-grade dysplasia: a randomized trial with long-term follow-up on the impact of power setting and proton pump inhibitor dose (Endoscopy (2020)). Endoscopy [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33003211" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33003211</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>-Comparator in study does not match that specified in this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>study compares APC of different power (watts) combined with different doses of PPI medication</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
(2016) Recurrent intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction following endoscopic eradication of dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus may not be benign. Endoscopy international open. 4 (8) (pp E849&#x02013;E858), 2016. Date of publication: 01
aug
2016. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4988840/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4988840</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27540572" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27540572</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>-Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>Majority had high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal cancer; paper considered for inclusion in question 4.2</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Ackroyd, R., Tam, W., Schoeman, M.
et al. (2004) Prospective randomized controlled trial of argon plasma coagulation ablation vs. endoscopic surveillance of patients with Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus after antireflux surgery. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
59(1): 1&#x02013;7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14722539" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14722539</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>-Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>included people with and without low-grade dysplasia, the vast majority of which were confirmed to have normal squamous epithelium</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Ackroyd, R., Wijnhoven, B., Astill, D.
et al. (2007) Five year results of prospective randomised controlled trial of argon plasma coagulation vs endoscopic surveillance of patients with Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus after antireflux surgery. ANZ Journal of Surgery
77: a45
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Full text paper not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Agarwal, S., Alshelleh, M., Scott, J.
et al. (2021) Comparative outcomes of radiofrequency ablation and cryoballoon ablation in dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus: A propensity score-matched cohort study. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
06: 06 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34624303" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34624303</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>-Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>majority had high-grade dysplasia/ intramucosal cancer; paper considered for inclusion in question 4.2</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Ali, S., Ali, A., Hussain, S.
et al. (2020) Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in Barrett&#x02019;s Esophagus-Related Early Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Pooled Comparative Analysis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 115(suppl): S465-None
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Almond, L. M.; Hodson, J.; Barr, H. (2014) Meta-analysis of endoscopic therapy for low-grade dysplasia in Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus. British Journal of Surgery
101(10): 1187&#x02013;95 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24965075" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24965075</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Alvarez Herrero, L., van Vilsteren, F. G., Pouw, R. E.
et al. (2011) Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation combined with endoscopic resection for early neoplasia in Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus longer than 10 cm. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
73(4): 682&#x02013;90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21292262" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21292262</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>Majority had high-grade dysplasia/cancer; paper considered for inclusion in question 4.2</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Arora, G., Basra, S., Roorda, A. K.
et al. (2009) Radiofrequency ablation of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus. European Surgery - Acta Chirurgica Austriaca
41(1): 19&#x02013;25
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Barr, H.; Stone, N.; Rembacken, B. (2005) Endoscopic therapy for Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus. Gut
54(6): 875&#x02013;84 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1774518/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1774518</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15888799" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15888799</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Review article but not a systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Belghazi, K., Pouw, R. E., Koch, A. D.
et al. (2019) Self-sizing radiofrequency ablation balloon for eradication of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus: Results of an international multicenter randomized trial comparing 3 different treatment regimens. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
90(3): 415&#x02013;423 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31108093" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31108093</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>-Comparator in study does not match that specified in this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>study comparing three different RFA regimens; population includes people with high-grade dysplasia/cancer</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Bennett, C, Green, S, DeCaestecker, J
et al. (2020) Surgery versus radical endotherapies for early cancer and high&#x02010;grade dysplasia in Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7390331/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7390331</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32442322" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32442322</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p><i>population does not meet protocol for this review as it includes people with high-grade dysplasia and early cancerof different cellular cancer types, not limited to Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus such as squamous cell carcinoma. The Cochrane review did not include any studies, so no individual studies were checked for in clusion in the present review</i>.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Bright, T., Watson, D. I., Tam, W.
et al. (2007) Randomized trial of argon plasma coagulation versus endoscopic surveillance for barrett esophagus after antireflux surgery: late results. Annals of Surgery
246(6): 1016&#x02013;20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18043104" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18043104</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>people with non-dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Cao, Y., Liao, C., Tan, A.
et al. (2009) Meta-analysis of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy
41(9): 751&#x02013;7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19693750" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19693750</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Caygill, C. P. J. and Gatenby, P. A. C. (2014) Randomised controlled trial: Radiofrequency ablation of Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus with confirmed low-grade dysplasia reduces risk of development of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Evidence-Based Medicine
19(5): 185 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25009053" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25009053</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Duplicate reference [description of findings from RCT included in the present review: SURF trial]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Chadwick, G., Groene, O., Markar, S. R.
et al. (2014) Systematic review comparing radiofrequency ablation and complete endoscopic resection in treating dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus: A critical assessment of histologic outcomes and adverse events. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
79(5): 718&#x02013;731.e3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24462170" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24462170</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>high-grade dysplasia and cancer; considered for inclusion in 4.2</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Cotton, C. C., Wolf, W. A., Overholt, B. F.
et al. (2017) Late Recurrence of Barrett&#x02019;s Esophagus After Complete Eradication of Intestinal Metaplasia is Rare: Final Report From Ablation in Intestinal Metaplasia Containing Dysplasia Trial. Gastroenterology
153(3): 681&#x02013;688.e2 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5581683/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5581683</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28579538" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28579538</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Population not relevant to this review protocol [mixed low-grade and high-grade dysplasia population with one relevant outcome of recurrence reported separately in the two populations but not in relation to the interventions.]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
de Caestecker, J., Barr, H., Bhandari, P.
et al. (2020) Randomized studies for Barrett&#x02019;s ablation: identifying the most cost-effective solutions by keeping an open mind. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
91(5): 1218&#x02013;1220 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32327125" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32327125</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
de Matos, M. V., da Ponte-Neto, A. M., de Moura, D. T. H.
et al. (2019) Treatment of high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma using radiofrequency ablation or endoscopic mucosal resection + radiofrequency ablation: Meta-analysis and systematic review. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
11(3): 239&#x02013;248 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6425278/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6425278</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30918589" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30918589</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>high-grade dysplasia/ carcinoma; paper considered for question 4.2</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
De Souza, T. F., Artifon, E. L., Mestieri, L. H.
et al. (2014) Systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic ablative treatment of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus. Revista de Gastroenterologia del Peru
34(3): 217&#x02013;24 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25293990" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25293990</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Desai, M., Rosch, T., Sundaram, S.
et al. (2021) Systematic review with meta-analysis: the long-term efficacy of Barrett&#x02019;s endoscopic therapy-stringent selection criteria and a proposal for definitions. Alimentary Pharmacology &#x00026; Therapeutics
54(3): 222&#x02013;233 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34165205" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34165205</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Desai, M., Saligram, S., Gupta, N.
et al. (2017) Efficacy and safety outcomes of multimodal endoscopic eradication therapy in Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus-related neoplasia: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
85(3): 482&#x02013;495.e4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27670227" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27670227</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Doosti-Irani, A., Mansournia, M. A., Rahimi-Foroushani, A.
et al. (2017) Complications of stent placement in patients with esophageal cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]
12(10): e0184784 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5624586/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5624586</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28968416" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28968416</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Dulai, G. S., Jensen, D. M., Cortina, G.
et al. (2005) Randomized trial of argon plasma coagulation vs. multipolar electrocoagulation for ablation of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
61(2): 232&#x02013;40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15729231" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15729231</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>non-dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Faybush, E. M. and Sampliner, R. E. (2005) Randomized trials in the treatment of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus. Diseases of the Esophagus
18(5): 291&#x02013;7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16197527" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16197527</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Fleischer, D. E., Overholt, B. F., Sharma, V. K.
et al. (2008) Endoscopic ablation of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus: a multicenter study with 2.5-year follow-up. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
68(5): 867&#x02013;876 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18561930" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18561930</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to this review protocol [non-dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Fleischer, D. E., Overholt, B. F., Sharma, V. K.
et al. (2010) Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus: 5-year outcomes from a prospective multicenter trial. Endoscopy
42(10): 781&#x02013;9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20857372" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20857372</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Franchimont, D.; Van Laethem, J. L.; Deviere, J. (2003) Argon plasma coagulation in Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America
13(3): 457&#x02013;66 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14629102" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14629102</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Review article but not a systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Frei, N. F., Khoshiwal, A. M., Konte, K.
et al. (2021) Tissue Systems Pathology Test Objectively Risk Stratifies Barrett&#x02019;s Esophagus Patients With Low-Grade Dysplasia. American Journal of Gastroenterology
116(4): 675&#x02013;682 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33982936" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33982936</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Green, S., Tawil, A., Barr, H.
et al. (2009) Surgery versus radical endotherapies for early cancer and high grade dysplasia in Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: cd007334 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19370683" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19370683</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Earlier publication of Cochrane review already excluded from this review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Guo, H. M., Zhang, X. Q., Chen, M.
et al. (2014) Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial esophageal cancer. World Journal of Gastroenterology
20(18): 5540&#x02013;7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4017070/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4017070</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24833885" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24833885</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Gutschow, C. A., Schroder, W., Prenzel, K.
et al. (2002) Impact of antireflux surgery on Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus. Langenbecks Archives of Surgery
387(34): 138&#x02013;45 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12172858" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12172858</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Study does not contain an intervention relevant to this review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Haidry, R. J., Butt, M. A., Dunn, J. M.
et al. (2015) Improvement over time in outcomes for patients undergoing endoscopic therapy for Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus-related neoplasia: 6-year experience from the first 500 patients treated in the UK patient registry. Gut
64(8): 1192&#x02013;9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4515987/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4515987</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25539672" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25539672</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>high-grade-dysplasia/cancer; considered for inclusion in 4.2</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Hamade, N., Desai, M., Thoguluva Chandrasekar, V.
et al. (2019) Efficacy of cryotherapy as first line therapy in patients with Barrett&#x02019;s neoplasia: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Diseases of the Esophagus
32(11): 30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31076753" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31076753</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</p>
<p>
<i>review of studies with no comparison group</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Han, C. and Sun, Y. (2021) Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial esophageal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diseases of the Esophagus
34(4): 07 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32895709" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32895709</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Kanzaki, H., Ishihara, R., Ohta, T.
et al. (2013) Randomized study of two endo-knives for endoscopic submucosal dissection of esophageal cancer. American Journal of Gastroenterology
108(8): 1293&#x02013;8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23732465" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23732465</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Study does not contain an intervention relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>comparison of two different endo-knifes for use during endoscopic submucosal resection</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Klair, J. S., Nagra, N., Law, J. K.
et al. (2020) Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation VS Endoscopic Surveillance for Barrett&#x02019;s Esophagus with Low-Grade Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 91(6): AB403-None [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33503615" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33503615</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Klair, J. S., Zafar, Y., Nagra, N.
et al. (2021) Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation versus Endoscopic Surveillance for Barrett&#x02019;s Esophagus with Low-Grade Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Digestive Diseases
39(6): 561&#x02013;568 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33503615" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33503615</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Knabe, M.; May, A.; Ell, C. (2015) Endoscopic Therapy of Early Carcinoma of the Oesophagus. Viszeralmedizin
31(5): 320&#x02013;5 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4789909/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4789909</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26989386" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26989386</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Review article but not a systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Komeda, Y.; Bruno, M.; Koch, A. (2014) EMR is not inferior to ESD for early Barrett&#x02019;s and EGJ neoplasia: An extensive review on outcome, recurrence and complication rates. Endoscopy International Open
2(2): E58&#x02013;64 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4423274/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4423274</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26135261" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26135261</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Krishnamoorthi, R., Singh, S., Ragunathan, K.
et al. (2016) Risk of recurrence of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus after successful endoscopic therapy. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
83(6): 10901106.e3 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4937826/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4937826</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26902843" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26902843</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Li, Y. M., Li, L., Yu, C. H.
et al. (2008) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the treatment for Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus. Digestive Diseases &#x00026; Sciences
53(11): 2837&#x02013;46 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18427992" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18427992</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Liu, Y. Z., Lv, X. H., Deng, K.
et al. (2020) Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection vs endoscopic submucosal dissection for early superficial upper gastrointestinal precancerous lesions and tumors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Digestive Diseases
21(9): 480&#x02013;489 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32579253" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32579253</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</p>
<p>
<i>review of studies with population not meeting protocol</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Lu, J. X.; Liu, D. L.; Tan, Y. Y. (2019) Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection compared with conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
10(5): 935&#x02013;943 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6776804/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6776804</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31602332" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31602332</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
May, A., Gossner, L., Behrens, A.
et al. (2003) A prospective randomized trial of two different endoscopic resection techniques for early stage cancer of the esophagus. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
58(2): 167&#x02013;75 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12872081" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12872081</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>-Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>Mixed population including people with squamous cell carcinoma</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Menon, D., Stafinski, T., Wu, H.
et al. (2010) Endoscopic treatments for Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus: a systematic review of safety and effectiveness compared to esophagectomy. BMC Gastroenterology
10: 111 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2955687/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2955687</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20875123" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20875123</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Mochizuki, S., Uedo, N., Oda, I.
et al. (2015) Scheduled second-look endoscopy is not recommended after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasms (the SAFE trial): a multicentre prospective randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. Gut
64(3): 397&#x02013;405 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25301853" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25301853</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Comparator in study does not match that specified in this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>and population does not meet protocol (people with solitary gastric neoplasm)</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Orman, E. S.; Li, N.; Shaheen, N. J. (2013) Efficacy and durability of radiofrequency ablation for Barrett&#x02019;s Esophagus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology &#x00026; Hepatology
11(10): 1245&#x02013;55 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3870150/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3870150</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23644385" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23644385</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Pandey, G., Mulla, M., Lewis, W. G.
et al. (2018) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation in low-grade dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus. Endoscopy
50(10): 953&#x02013;960 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29689573" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29689573</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Peery, A. F. and Shaheen, N. J. (2011) Esophagus: Endoscopic therapy for flat, dysplastic Barrett esophagus. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &#x00026; Hepatology
8(4): 186&#x02013;7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3099134/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3099134</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21386808" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21386808</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Peng, W., Tan, S., Ren, Y.
et al. (2020) Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for superficial esophageal neoplastic lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal Of Cardiothoracic Surgery
15(1): 33 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7001300/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7001300</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32019564" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32019564</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Phoa, K. N., Rosmolen, W. D., Weusten, Blam
et al. (2017) The cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation for Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus with low-grade dysplasia: results from a randomized controlled trial (SURF trial). Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
86(1): 120&#x02013;129.e2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27956164" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27956164</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Health economics paper based on study included in the present review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Pouw, R. E., van Vilsteren, F. G., Peters, F. P.
et al. (2011) Randomized trial on endoscopic resection-cap versus multiband mucosectomy for piecemeal endoscopic resection of early Barrett&#x02019;s neoplasia. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
74(1): 35&#x02013;43 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21704807" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21704807</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>people with High-grade dysplasia/early cancer; paper considered for inclusion in question 4.2</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Qumseya, B. J., Wani, S., Desai, M.
et al. (2016) Adverse Events After Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients With Barrett&#x02019;s Esophagus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology &#x00026; Hepatology
14(8): 10861095.e6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27068041" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27068041</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Qumseya, B. J., Wani, S., Gendy, S.
et al. (2017) Disease Progression in Barrett&#x02019;s Low-Grade Dysplasia With Radiofrequency Ablation Compared With Surveillance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Gastroenterology
112(6): 849&#x02013;865 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28374819" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28374819</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Scholvinck, D. W., Kunzli, H. T., Kestens, C.
et al. (2015) Treatment of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus with a novel focal cryoablation device: a safety and feasibility study. Endoscopy
47(12): 1106&#x02013;12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26158241" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26158241</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Comparator in study does not match that specified in this review protocol</p>
<p><i>comparing ablations of different seconds (6, 8 or 10); non-randomised study with randomised controlled studies available</i>.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Shah, S., Roccato, M. K., Ji, S. S.
et al. (2021) ID: 3522400 SIMPLIFED VERSUS STANDARD RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION PROTOCOLS FOR DYSPLASTIC BARRETT&#x02019;S ESOPHAGUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Gastrointest. Endosc. 93(6): AB292-None
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Duplicate reference</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Shah, S., Roccato, M. K., Ji, S.
et al. (2021) Simplified Versus Standard Radiofrequency Ablation Protocols for Barrett&#x02019;s Esophagus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Shaheen, N. J., Overholt, B. F., Sampliner, R. E.
et al. (2011) Durability of radiofrequency ablation in Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus with dysplasia. Gastroenterology
141(2): 460&#x02013;8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3152658/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3152658</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21679712" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21679712</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>mixed population of low and high-grade dysplasia and results cannot be separated</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Sharma, P., Wani, S., Weston, A. P.
et al. (2006) A randomised controlled trial of ablation of Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus with multipolar electrocoagulation versus argon plasma coagulation in combination with acid suppression: long term results. Gut
55(9): 1233&#x02013;9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1860010/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1860010</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16905695" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16905695</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Population not relevant to this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>Non-dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s oesophagus</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Sharma, V. K., Kim, H. J., Das, A.
et al. (2008) A prospective pilot trial of ablation of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus with low-grade dysplasia using stepwise circumferential and focal ablation (HALO system). Endoscopy
40(5): 380&#x02013;7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18459074" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18459074</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Sie, C., Bright, T., Schoeman, M.
et al. (2013) Argon plasma coagulation ablation versus endoscopic surveillance of Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus: late outcomes from two randomized trials. Endoscopy
45(11): 859&#x02013;65 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24019134" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24019134</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Review article but not a systematic review</p>
<p>
<i>presents results from 2 RCTs assessed separately for inclusion in the present review</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Tariq, R., Enslin, S., Hayat, M.
et al. (2020) Efficacy of Cryotherapy as a Primary Endoscopic Ablation Modality for Dysplastic Barrett&#x02019;s Esophagus and Early Esophageal Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancer Control
27(1): 1073274820976668 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8480359/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8480359</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33297725" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33297725</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Visrodia, K., Zakko, L., Singh, S.
et al. (2018) Cryotherapy for persistent Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus after radiofrequency ablation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
87(6): 1396&#x02013;1404.e1 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6557401/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6557401</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29476849" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29476849</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Wang, Y., Ma, B., Yang, S.
et al. (2022) Efficacy and Safety of Radiofrequency Ablation vs. Endoscopic Surveillance for Barrett&#x02019;s Esophagus With Low-Grade Dysplasia: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Frontiers in Oncology
12: 801940 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8920305/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8920305</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35296005" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35296005</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Wronska, E., Polkowski, M., Orlowska, J.
et al. (2021) Argon plasma coagulation for Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus with low-grade dysplasia: a randomized trial with long-term follow-up on the impact of power setting and proton pump inhibitor dose. Endoscopy
53(2): 123&#x02013;132 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32650347" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32650347</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Comparator in study does not match that specified in this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>compares APC of different strength (Watts) combined with different doses of PPI medication</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Wronska, E., Polkowski, M., Orlowska, J.
et al. (2021) Correction: Argon plasma coagulation for Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus with low-grade dysplasia: a randomized trial with long-term follow-up on the impact of power setting and proton pump inhibitor dose. Endoscopy
53(2): c2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32650347" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32650347</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Duplicate reference</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Yang, D., Zou, F., Xiong, S.
et al. (2017) Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the management of barrett&#x02019;s early neoplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: ab409
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review used as source of primary studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Yang, D., Zou, F., Xiong, S.
et al. (2018) Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early Barrett&#x02019;s neoplasia: a meta-analysis. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
87(6): 1383&#x02013;1393 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28993137" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28993137</span></a>]
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>- Comparator in study does not match that specified in this review protocol</p>
<p>
<i>no control group</i>
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
Zhang, L., Dong, L., Liu, J.
et al. (2009) Argon plasma coagulation for Barrett&#x02019;s esophagus: A systematic review. Journal of Xi&#x02019;an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences)
30(5): 567&#x02013;570
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng231er9.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Study not reported in English</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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