167 lines
No EOL
26 KiB
XML
167 lines
No EOL
26 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
|
||
|
||
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||
<!-- AppResources meta begin -->
|
||
<meta name="paf-app-resources" content="" />
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">var ncbi_startTime = new Date();</script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- AppResources meta end -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- TemplateResources meta begin -->
|
||
<meta name="paf_template" content="" />
|
||
|
||
<!-- TemplateResources meta end -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- Logger begin -->
|
||
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books" /><meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-part" /><meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK593690" /><meta name="ncbi_domain" content="livertox" /><meta name="ncbi_report" content="printable" /><meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext" /><meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="" /><meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK593690/?report=printable" /><meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf" />
|
||
<!-- Logger end -->
|
||
|
||
<title>Cedazuridine - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
|
||
|
||
<!-- AppResources external_resources begin -->
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/jig/1.15.2/css/jig.min.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/core/jig/1.15.2/js/jig.min.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- AppResources external_resources end -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- Page meta begin -->
|
||
<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Cedazuridine" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2023/07/27" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="37579043" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK593690/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Cedazuridine" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2023/07/27" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK593690/" /><meta name="description" content="Cedazuridine is a small molecule inhibitor of cytidine deaminase that is used as a pharmacoenhancer of decitabine to increase oral bioavailability of this DNA methylase inhibitor treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. The combination of oral decitabine and cedazuridine is associated with a low rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy that is usually attributed to decitabine. The oral combination has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury." /><meta name="og:title" content="Cedazuridine" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Cedazuridine is a small molecule inhibitor of cytidine deaminase that is used as a pharmacoenhancer of decitabine to increase oral bioavailability of this DNA methylase inhibitor treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. The combination of oral decitabine and cedazuridine is associated with a low rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy that is usually attributed to decitabine. The oral combination has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK593690/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/livertox/Cedazuridine/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK593690/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Page meta end -->
|
||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico" /><meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8E14507D7C67010000000000180014.m_5" />
|
||
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3852956/3985586/3808861/4121862/3974050/3917732/251717/4216701/14534/45193/4113719/3849091/3984811/3751656/4033350/3840896/3577051/3852958/3984801/12930/3964959.css" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3411343/3882866.css" media="print" /></head>
|
||
<body class="book-part">
|
||
<div class="grid no_max_width">
|
||
<div class="col twelve_col nomargin shadow">
|
||
<!-- System messages like service outage or JS required; this is handled by the TemplateResources portlet -->
|
||
<div class="sysmessages">
|
||
<noscript>
|
||
<p class="nojs">
|
||
<strong>Warning:</strong>
|
||
The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function.
|
||
<a href="/guide/browsers/#enablejs" title="Learn how to enable JavaScript" target="_blank">more...</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</noscript>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--/.sysmessage-->
|
||
<div class="wrap">
|
||
<div class="page">
|
||
<div class="top">
|
||
|
||
<div class="header">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!--<component id="Page" label="headcontent"/>-->
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<!-- site messages -->
|
||
<div class="container content">
|
||
<div class="document">
|
||
<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. </p></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK593690_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Cedazuridine</span></h1><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">July 27, 2023</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Cedazuridine.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Cedazuridine_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Cedazuridine.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Cedazuridine is a small molecule inhibitor of cytidine deaminase that is used as a pharmacoenhancer of decitabine to increase oral bioavailability of this DNA methylase inhibitor treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. The combination of oral decitabine and cedazuridine is associated with a low rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy that is usually attributed to decitabine. The oral combination has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury.</p></div><div id="Cedazuridine.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Cedazuridine (sed “ az ure’ i deen) is an oral small molecule inhibitor of cytidine deaminase, an enzyme present in intestine and liver that rapidly clears decitabine causing its poor bioavailability and requirement for the intravenous administration of this DNA methylase inhibitor used to treat various forms of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The combination of oral cedazuridine and oral decitabine has been shown to achieve similar blood levels to those of intravenous infusions of decitabine as well as similar degrees of DNA demethylation and similar rates of clinical response in MDS conditions, with no increase in adverse event rates. Cedazuridine was approved for use in the United States in 2020 to be used in combination with decitabine in adults with myelodysplastic syndromes including refractory anemia, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts or with excess blasts, and in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. A fixed combination of 35 mg decitabine and 100 mg cedazuridine is available in tablets under the brand name of Inqovi. The recommended dose is one tablet daily on days 1 through 5 of each 28 day cycle of therapy. Common adverse events include myelosuppression, fatigue, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, decreased appetite, dizziness, headache, mucositis, hemorrhage, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, and upper respiratory tract infections, side effects that can occur with decitabine alone. Uncommon but potentially severe adverse events include severe myelosuppression, febrile neutropenia, severe infections, sepsis, pneumonia, and embryo-fetal toxicity.</p></div><div id="Cedazuridine.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>In the preregistration trials of the combination of decitabine and cedazuridine, serum aminotransferase elevations occurred in 20% to 37% of patients but were invariably transient and usually mild. ALT elevations above 5 times the upper limit of normal arose in 1% to 3% of patients and usually resolved promptly with dose adjustment or discontinuation. Several patients, however, developed ALT elevations accompanied by increases in serum bilirubin, but in all instances other causes appeared to be responsible, such as sepsis, pancreatitis and myocarditis. With more widespread clinical use after its approval, there have been no published reports of clinically apparent liver injury attributed to the combination of cedazuridine and decitabine.</p><p>Likelihood score: E* (suspected but unproven rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Cedazuridine.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>The reason why cedazuridine might cause serum enzyme elevations is not known. It has little hepatic metabolism by the cytochrome P450 system and levels are not affected by inducers or inhibitors of CYP enzymes. Inhibition of cytidine deaminase may have an effect on the metabolism of other drugs, so that cedazuridine has the potential of drug-drug interactions.</p></div><div id="Cedazuridine.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>Serum enzyme elevations are not uncommon during combination therapy with decitabine and cedazuridine but they rarely require dose modification or drug discontinuation. As with any drug, cedazuridine and decitabine should be held if ALT or AST values rise above 5 times the ULN and discontinued if elevations are more than 20 times the ULN or jaundice or symptoms of liver injury arise.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/AntineoplasticAgents/">Antineoplastic Agents</a>, Miscellaneous</p><p>Other drugs for myelodysplastic syndromes: <a href="/books/n/livertox/Azacitidine/">Azacitidine</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Decitabine/">Decitabine</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Luspatercept/">Luspatercept</a></p></div></div><div id="Cedazuridine.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Cedazuridine_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><p>
|
||
<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
|
||
</p><p>Cedazuridine and Decitabine – Inqovi®</p><p>
|
||
<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
|
||
</p><p>Antineoplastic Agents</p><p>
|
||
<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Inqovi" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
|
||
</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div><div id="Cedazuridine.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCT"><h2 id="_Cedazuridine_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCT_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div id="Cedazuridine.Tc" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK593690/table/Cedazuridine.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Cedazuridine.Tc_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_2" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NO</th><th id="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_3" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_4" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cedazuridine</td><td headers="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/381126362" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">1141397-80-9</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">C9-H14-F2-N2-O5</td><td headers="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/381126362" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=381126362" alt="image 381126362 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decitabine</td><td headers="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/134983506" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">2353-33-5</a>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">C8-H12-N4-O4</td><td headers="hd_h_Cedazuridine.Tc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/134983506" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=134983506" alt="image 134983506 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="Cedazuridine.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Cedazuridine_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 27 July 2023</p><p>Abbreviations used: iv, intravenous; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome.</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.zimmerman.1999">Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999 before the availability of cedazuridine).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.deleve.2013">DeLeve LD. Cancer chemotherapy. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, p. 549-68.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents published in 2013 does not discuss cedazuridine).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.wellstein.2018">Wellstein A, Giaccone G, Atkins MB, Sausville EA. Inhibitors of histone deacetylase. Pathway targeted therapies: monoclonal antibodies, protein kinase inhibitors, and various small molecules. In, Brunton LL Hilal-Dandan R, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, p. 1203-36.<div><i>(Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.fda">FDA. <a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/212576Orig1s000TOC.cfm" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.accessdata<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/nda/2020/212576Orig1s000TOC.cfm</a><div><i>(FDA website with product label and the multidiscipline review of data on efficacy and safety of the combination of cedazuridine and decitabine mentions that in the total experience in 208 treated subjects, 37% had had at least one elevation in ALT or AST, which were above 5 times ULN in 2%, and 3 participants ALT or AST elevations above 3 times ULN accompanied by jaundice, but in all 3 cases the abnormalities were attributed to either sepsis or myocarditis rather than drug induced liver injury).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.savona.2019.e194">Savona
|
||
MR, Odenike
|
||
O, Amrein
|
||
PC, Steensma
|
||
DP, DeZern
|
||
AE, Michaelis
|
||
LC, Faderl
|
||
S, et al.
|
||
An oral fixed-dose combination of decitabine and cedazuridine in myelodysplastic syndromes: a multicentre, open-label, dose-escalation, phase 1 study.
|
||
Lancet Haematol.
|
||
2019;6:e194-e203. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30926081" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30926081</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 44 patients with various MDS treated with intravenous (iv) decitabine or various combinations of oral decitabine and cedazuridine, oral doses of 30 or 40 mg of decitabine and 100 mg of cedazuridine yielded 5-day area under the curve concentrations most similar to iv decitabine, with similar adverse event rates and ALT elevations in 20% of subjects, all values being less than 3 times ULN).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.dhillon.2020.1373">Dhillon
|
||
S.
|
||
Decitabine/Cedazuridine: first approval.
|
||
Drugs.
|
||
2020;80:1373-1378. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7708383/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7708383</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32860582" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32860582</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of the mechanism of action, history of development, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of the combination of oral decitabine and cedazuridine shortly after its approval for use in MDS in the US, discusses adverse events of myelosuppression and gastrointestinal upset but does not mention ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.garciamanero.2020.674">Garcia-Manero
|
||
G, Griffiths
|
||
EA, Steensma
|
||
DP, Roboz
|
||
GJ, Wells
|
||
R, McCloskey
|
||
J, Odenike
|
||
O, et al.
|
||
Oral cedazuridine/decitabine for MDS and CMML: a phase 2 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic randomized crossover study.
|
||
Blood.
|
||
2020;136:674-683. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7414597/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7414597</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32285126" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32285126</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 80 patients with MDS or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia treated with oral cedazuridine/decitabine or iv decitabine alone for 5 days in cycle one with cross over to the other regimen in cycle 2, area-under-the-curve plasma concentrations were similar in both groups as were demethylation rates and the clinical response rate with continued cycles of combination therapy was 60%, common adverse events were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.sekeres.2022.872">Sekeres
|
||
MA, Taylor
|
||
J. Diagnosis and treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes: a review.
|
||
JAMA. 2022;328:872-880. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36066514" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 36066514</span></a>]<div><i>(Concise review of clinical features, natural history, diagnosis, and management of MDS; adverse events are listed in tables but without mention or discussion of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.kim.2022.3411">Kim
|
||
N, Norsworthy
|
||
KJ, Subramaniam
|
||
S, Chen
|
||
H, Manning
|
||
ML, Kitabi
|
||
E, Earp
|
||
J, et al.
|
||
FDA approval summary: decitabine and cedazuridine tablets for myelodysplastic syndromes.
|
||
Clin Cancer Res.
|
||
2022;28:3411-3416. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9378483/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9378483</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35435961" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 35435961</span></a>]<div><i>(Summary of the basis for the FDA approval of an oral fixed dose combination of decitabine and cedazuridine with efficiency and safety results from a phase 3 open label trial in 133 patients, which demonstrated complete remissions in 18-21% of subjects and with an adverse event profile similar to that of iv decitabine; ALT elevations arose in 37% of patients but were above 5 times ULN in only 2%; no mention of serious hepatic adverse events).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.garciamanero.2023.1307">Garcia-Manero
|
||
G.
|
||
Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management.
|
||
Am J Hematol.
|
||
2023;98:1307-1325. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37288607" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 37288607</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of the classification of MDS and risk categorization with an update on management including discussion of hypomethylation agents and luspatercept; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Cedazuridine.REF.randall.2023.152">Randall
|
||
MP, DeZern
|
||
AE. The management of low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes-current standards and recent advances.
|
||
Cancer J.
|
||
2023;29:152-159. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37195771" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 37195771</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of treatment of low-risk MDS including erythropoietin, iron chelation, lenalidomide, luspatercept and low dose hypomethylating agents; no discussion of hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK593690</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37579043" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">37579043</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/livertox/">Drug Records</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/livertox/CatsClaw/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/livertox/Ceftriaxone/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="bottom">
|
||
|
||
<div id="NCBIFooter_dynamic">
|
||
<!--<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="breadcrumbs"/>
|
||
<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="helpdesk"/>-->
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js"> </script>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--/.page-->
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--/.wrap-->
|
||
</div><!-- /.twelve_col -->
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- /.grid -->
|
||
|
||
<span class="PAFAppResources"></span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- BESelector tab -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<noscript><img alt="statistics" src="/stat?jsdisabled=true&ncbi_db=books&ncbi_pdid=book-part&ncbi_acc=NBK593690&ncbi_domain=livertox&ncbi_report=printable&ncbi_type=fulltext&ncbi_objectid=&ncbi_pcid=/NBK593690/?report=printable&ncbi_app=bookshelf" /></noscript>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- usually for JS scripts at page bottom -->
|
||
<!--<component id="PageFixtures" label="styles"></component>-->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID /projects/books/PBooks@9.11 portal107 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
|
||
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID"></span>
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/js/3879255/4121861/3501987/4008961/3893018/3821238/3400083/3426610.js" snapshot="books"></script></body>
|
||
</html> |