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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Vaccaria - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]">
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Vaccaria">
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<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Child Health and Human Development">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2024/04/15">
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<meta name="citation_pmid" content="37094052">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Vaccaria">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Vaccaria hispanica">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Vaccaria segitalis">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="cowherb">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="cowcockle">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="cow cockle">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="cow basil">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="cow soapwort">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="prairie carnation">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Wang Bu Liu Xing">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Rice paper plant">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Tong Cao">
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Vaccaria">
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<meta name="description" content="Vaccaria segetalis (cowherb seed) is a dry mature seed of Vaccaria hispanica seeds. The seeds are used in Chinese medicine (Wang Bu Liu Xing) to increase milk supply orally as a decoction.[1-4] The seeds contain vaccarin, which has a prolactin-like effect on the mammary epithelial cells and increase the number of prolactin receptors in animal studies, as well as quercetin and oleic acid.[4,5] Vaccaria seeds may also have mild estrogenic activity.[5] No well-performed clinical trials have been reported in English on the galactogogue effect of Vaccaria seeds taken orally in humans. It has reportedly been used frequently with Liquidambar formosana (Lu Lu Tong) as a galactogogue combination known as Wang Bu Liu Xing and Lu Lu Tong herb pair (WLHP).[4]">
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<meta name="og:description" content="Vaccaria segetalis (cowherb seed) is a dry mature seed of Vaccaria hispanica seeds. The seeds are used in Chinese medicine (Wang Bu Liu Xing) to increase milk supply orally as a decoction.[1-4] The seeds contain vaccarin, which has a prolactin-like effect on the mammary epithelial cells and increase the number of prolactin receptors in animal studies, as well as quercetin and oleic acid.[4,5] Vaccaria seeds may also have mild estrogenic activity.[5] No well-performed clinical trials have been reported in English on the galactogogue effect of Vaccaria seeds taken orally in humans. It has reportedly been used frequently with Liquidambar formosana (Lu Lu Tong) as a galactogogue combination known as Wang Bu Liu Xing and Lu Lu Tong herb pair (WLHP).[4]">
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class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK591119_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Vaccaria</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK591119_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p><p><em>Estimated reading time: 3 minutes</em></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="vaccaria.Drug_Levels_and_Effects"><h2 id="_vaccaria_Drug_Levels_and_Effects_">Drug Levels and Effects</h2><div id="vaccaria.Summary_of_Use_during_Lactation"><h3>Summary of Use during Lactation</h3><p><i>Vaccaria segetalis</i> (cowherb seed) is a dry mature seed of <i>Vaccaria hispanica</i> seeds. The seeds are used in Chinese medicine (Wang Bu Liu Xing) to increase milk supply orally as a decoction.[<a class="bibr" href="#vaccaria.REF.1" rid="vaccaria.REF.1">1</a>-<a class="bibr" href="#vaccaria.REF.4" rid="vaccaria.REF.4">4</a>] The seeds contain vaccarin, which has a prolactin-like effect on the mammary epithelial cells and increase the number of prolactin receptors in animal studies, as well as quercetin and oleic acid.[<a class="bibr" href="#vaccaria.REF.4" rid="vaccaria.REF.4">4</a>,<a class="bibr" href="#vaccaria.REF.5" rid="vaccaria.REF.5">5</a>] <i>Vaccaria</i> seeds may also have mild estrogenic activity.[<a class="bibr" href="#vaccaria.REF.5" rid="vaccaria.REF.5">5</a>] No well-performed clinical trials have been reported in English on the galactogogue effect of <i>Vaccaria</i> seeds taken orally in humans. It has reportedly been used frequently with <i>Liquidambar formosana</i> (Lu Lu Tong) as a galactogogue combination known as Wang Bu Liu Xing and Lu Lu Tong herb pair (WLHP).[<a class="bibr" href="#vaccaria.REF.4" rid="vaccaria.REF.4">4</a>]</p><p><i>Vaccaria</i> seeds are also topically applied with pressure to the earlobes in auricular therapy. Auricular therapy uses stimulation of acupoints on the ear corresponding to various anatomical sites and functions of the body for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Many studies applied <i>Vaccaria</i> seeds to press on ear acupoints. Two systematic reviews on auricular therapy to increase milk supply have come to differing conclusions. One review found a positive effect on milk production, onset of lactation, serum prolactin, breast fullness, neonate states, and frequency of newborn urination and defecation.[<a class="bibr" href="#vaccaria.REF.6" rid="vaccaria.REF.6">6</a>] A more recent review found varying efficacy between studies and poor methodology that did not allow for a definitive conclusion on efficacy as a galactogogue.[<a class="bibr" href="#vaccaria.REF.7" rid="vaccaria.REF.7">7</a>] No adverse effects were reported in any studies.</p></div><div id="vaccaria.Drug_Levels"><h3>Drug Levels</h3><p><i>Maternal Levels.</i> Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p><p><i>Infant Levels.</i> Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="vaccaria.Effects_in_Breastfed_Infants"><h3>Effects in Breastfed Infants</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="vaccaria.Effects_on_Lactation_and_Breast"><h3>Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk</h3><p>In a randomized, nonblinded study of mothers who delivered a healthy infant at 37 weeks or beyond and expressed a desire to breastfeed, the Chinese herbal mixture Zengru Gao (n = 294) was compared to blank placebo (n = 294). Zengru Gao is composed of 8 herbs: <i>Vaccaria</i> seed, <i>Medulla Tetrapanacis</i>, <i>Rehmanniae</i> root, <i>Angelica sinensis</i> root, <i>Paeoniae alba</i> root, <i>Ligusticum chuanxiong</i>, Herba <i>Leonuri</i> (Motherwort Herb), and <i>Trichosanthis</i> root. The dose of Zengru Gao was 30 grams three times daily. On days 3 and 7, the group receiving Zengru Gao had more full and partial breastfeeding than those in the placebo group. In Zengru Gao group, 4 newborns had diarrhea, 3 newborns of allergies, 4 women of cough, 2 case of upper respiratory tract infections, 1 case of dry pharynx, and 1 case of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. No complications were seen in the control group.[<a class="bibr" href="#vaccaria.REF.8" rid="vaccaria.REF.8">8</a>]</p><p>A nonrandomized, nonblinded study of women who had undergone cesarean section compared those who received acupoint stimulation, breast massage and <i>Vaccaria</i> seed decoction twice daily for 7 days (n = 74) to those who received routine western medicine nursing intervention (instructing mothers to breastfeed, letting the baby contact and suck early after delivery, dietary guidance and psychological intervention, and instructing mothers to get more exercise). Serum prolactin was greater at 3 days postpartum in the acupoint group than the prenatal prolactin and at 1 day postpartum and in the control group. The acupoint group had a higher exclusive breastfeeding rate, higher milk yield at 48 hours postpartum, and milder breast tenderness than the control group. At 42 days postpartum the acupoint group had a greater infant weight than the control group.[<a class="bibr" href="#vaccaria.REF.9" rid="vaccaria.REF.9">9</a>]</p></div><div id="vaccaria.References"><h3>References</h3><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="vaccaria.REF.1">Zheng
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T, Chen
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W, Hu
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H, et al.
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The prevalence, perceptions and behaviors associated with traditional/complementary medicine use by breastfeeding women living in Macau: A cross-sectional survey study.
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BMC Complement Med Ther
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2020;20:122. doi:10.1186/s12906-020-02921-8
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7175520/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7175520</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32316951" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32316951</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02921-8" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="vaccaria.REF.2">Chao
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J, Ko
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CY, Lin
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CY, et al.
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Ethnobotanical survey of natural galactagogues prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine pharmacies in Taiwan.
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Front Pharmacol
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2021;11:625869.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7928277/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7928277</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33679390" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33679390</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="vaccaria.REF.3">Sibeko
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L, Johns
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T. Global survey of medicinal plants during lactation and postpartum recovery: Evolutionary perspectives and contemporary health implications.
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J Ethnopharmacol
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2021;270:113812.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33450288" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33450288</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="vaccaria.REF.4">Liao
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CC, Chien
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CH, Hsu
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TJ, Li
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JM. Advancing breastfeeding promotion: Leveraging integrative natural galactagogues and unveiling their potential roles-Insights from a 19-year Taiwan nationwide registry to address lactation insufficiency in postpartum women.
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Front Nutr
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2024;11:1293735.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10869601/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC10869601</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38371501" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 38371501</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="vaccaria.REF.5">Tian
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M, Huang
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Y, Wang
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X, et al.
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<em>Vaccaria segetalis:</em> A review of ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological findings.
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Front Chem
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2021;9:666280.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8117358/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8117358</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33996757" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33996757</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="vaccaria.REF.6">Chen
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ML, Tan
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JY, Suen
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LK. Auricular therapy for lactation: A systematic review.
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Complement Ther Clin Pract
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2017;29:169-84.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29122257" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29122257</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="vaccaria.REF.7">Lee
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B, Kwon
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CY, Lee
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SH. Effectiveness and safety of auriculotherapy for breastfeeding: A systematic review.
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J Tradit Chin Med
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2020;40:721-37.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33000573" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33000573</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="vaccaria.REF.8">Wang
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S, Zhang
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C, Li
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C, et al.
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Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine Zengru Gao to promote breastfeeding: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.
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BMC Complement Altern Med
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2018;18:53.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5801806/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5801806</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29409494" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29409494</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="vaccaria.REF.9">Zhan
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J, Huang
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N, Meng
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N, et al.
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Lactation prescription plus acupoint stimulation improves breastfeeding quality and alleviates breast tenderness in parturients undergoing cesarean section.
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Am J Transl Res
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2023;15:539-47.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9908465/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9908465</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36777860" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 36777860</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div></div><div id="vaccaria.Substance_Identification"><h2 id="_vaccaria_Substance_Identification_">Substance Identification</h2><div id="vaccaria.Substance_Name"><h3>Substance Name</h3><p>Vaccaria</p></div><div id="vaccaria.Scientific_Name"><h3>Scientific Name</h3><p>Vaccaria segetalis</p></div><div id="vaccaria.Drug_Class"><h3>Drug Class</h3><p>Breast Feeding</p><p>Lactation</p><p>Milk, Human</p><p>Complementary Therapies</p><p>Galactogogues</p><p>Phytotherapy</p><p>Plants, Medicinal</p></div></div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_top_margin"><p><b>Disclaimer: </b>Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information on this Site.</p></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK591119_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Revision: <span itemprop="dateModified">April 15, 2024</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a><p class="small"><b>Attribution Statement:</b> LactMed is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</p></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006-. Vaccaria. [Updated 2024 Apr 15].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM982/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM393/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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