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src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng226er2-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence review for post-diagnostic information on osteoarthritis for people with osteoarthritis, their family and carers" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK590295_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for post-diagnostic information on osteoarthritis for people with osteoarthritis, their family and carers</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management</div><p><b>Evidence review B</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 226</i></p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2022 Oct</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-4740-9</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2022.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1"><h2 id="_niceng226er2_s1_">1. Patient information</h2><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question</h3><p>What information on osteoarthritis, including the management of flares, do people with osteoarthritis, their family and carers need after diagnosis?</p><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.1"><h4>1.1.1. Introduction</h4><p>NICE has developed guidance on patient experience in adult NHS services that includes recommendations on information for patients (<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg138" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg138</a>). It is also important to identify and address the unique needs of people with osteoarthritis. Currently some of this information is available on national websites, such as the Versus Arthritis (<a href="https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/osteoarthritis/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/osteoarthritis/</a>) however it has not been standardised in any way. Each hospital may have its own locally written information to distribute to patients in clinic. This local information may differ between centres, reflecting local practice, but there is no national standard for this information. The language used in patient information is also contentious for osteoarthritis, with some commonly used terms leading to, or reinforcing misconceptions about the condition and its management. This review seeks to identify the information and support needs of patients with osteoarthritis to inform recommendations for practice.</p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.2"><h4>1.1.2. Summary of the protocol</h4><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng226er2.appa">Appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab1"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.3"><h4>1.1.3. Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#niceng226er2.appa">Appendix A</a> and the <a href="/books/NBK590295/bin/methods-report-pdf-11251849933.pdf">methods</a> document.</p><p>Themes were derived mainly from those identified in the protocol and in some instances further themes were identified within these, which were included as subthemes.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/about/who-we-are/policies-and-procedures" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NICE’s conflicts of interest policy</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.4"><h4>1.1.4. Qualitative evidence</h4><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.4.1"><h5>1.1.4.1. Included studies</h5><p>Forty-five qualitative studies were included in the review;<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref3" rid="niceng226er2.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref8" rid="niceng226er2.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref22" rid="niceng226er2.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref32" rid="niceng226er2.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref37" rid="niceng226er2.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref38" rid="niceng226er2.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref42" rid="niceng226er2.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref49" rid="niceng226er2.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref56" rid="niceng226er2.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref57" rid="niceng226er2.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref60" rid="niceng226er2.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref62" rid="niceng226er2.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref69" rid="niceng226er2.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref70" rid="niceng226er2.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref83" rid="niceng226er2.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref101" rid="niceng226er2.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref105" rid="niceng226er2.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref107" rid="niceng226er2.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref114" rid="niceng226er2.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref117" rid="niceng226er2.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref120" rid="niceng226er2.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref126" rid="niceng226er2.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref131" rid="niceng226er2.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a> these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab2">Table 2</a> below. Key findings from these studies are summarised in the summary of the qualitative evidence below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab3">Table 3</a>). See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng226er2.appc">Appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#niceng226er2.appd">Appendix D</a>, and excluded studies lists in <a href="#niceng226er2.appe">Appendix E</a>.</p><p>A lot of studies were conducted in countries that may not be relevant to a UK population. This has been considered in the grading of the relevance of findings, depending on the theme and whether it is thought likely to differ by population or if it is transferable to the UK. The countries included Australia,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref42" rid="niceng226er2.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref57" rid="niceng226er2.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref62" rid="niceng226er2.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref88" rid="niceng226er2.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref107" rid="niceng226er2.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a> Belgium,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref118" rid="niceng226er2.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a> Canada,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref49" rid="niceng226er2.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref60" rid="niceng226er2.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref85" rid="niceng226er2.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref119" rid="niceng226er2.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a> France,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a> Germany,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a> Kuwait,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref3" rid="niceng226er2.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a> Hong Kong,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a> Norway,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref101" rid="niceng226er2.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a> Spain,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a> Sweden,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a> Switzerland,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref37" rid="niceng226er2.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a> Taiwan<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref69" rid="niceng226er2.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a> and the USA.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref8" rid="niceng226er2.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref38" rid="niceng226er2.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref70" rid="niceng226er2.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref120" rid="niceng226er2.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></p><p>Ten studies were in a UK population.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref22" rid="niceng226er2.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref56" rid="niceng226er2.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref89" rid="niceng226er2.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref105" rid="niceng226er2.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref114" rid="niceng226er2.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref126" rid="niceng226er2.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></p><p>It should be noted that four studies<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref3" rid="niceng226er2.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref8" rid="niceng226er2.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref88" rid="niceng226er2.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a> were in a female only population. The rest of the studies were mixed.</p><p>Most of the studies included participants in aged around 60 years old, typically ranging from 40 to 80 years old. Some studies included a younger age range. Goldsmith 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref49" rid="niceng226er2.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a> included participants who were as young as 19 years, Erwin 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a> had participants from 28 years old and Egerton 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref42" rid="niceng226er2.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a> had participants aged 34 years old. Kao 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref69" rid="niceng226er2.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a> had a low mean age and range at 49.6 (43–55) years old.</p><p>There were no studies looking at people with learning disabilities or specific ethnic groups except for McGruer 2019,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref88" rid="niceng226er2.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a> who investigated the opinions of Māori adults, which was not relevant to the UK setting.</p><p>The majority of the studies included patients.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref3" rid="niceng226er2.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref8" rid="niceng226er2.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref22" rid="niceng226er2.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref37" rid="niceng226er2.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref38" rid="niceng226er2.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref49" rid="niceng226er2.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref56" rid="niceng226er2.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref60" rid="niceng226er2.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref62" rid="niceng226er2.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref69" rid="niceng226er2.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref70" rid="niceng226er2.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref85" rid="niceng226er2.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref88" rid="niceng226er2.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref89" rid="niceng226er2.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref101" rid="niceng226er2.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref105" rid="niceng226er2.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref114" rid="niceng226er2.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref118" rid="niceng226er2.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a><sup>–</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref120" rid="niceng226er2.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref126" rid="niceng226er2.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a> Whereas Egerton 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref42" rid="niceng226er2.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a> and Pitt 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref107" rid="niceng226er2.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a> included GPs only; Rosemann 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a> included GPs and patients. Mann 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a> and Mikhail 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a> included patients and health care practitioners. Hinman 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref57" rid="niceng226er2.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a> included physical therapists, telephone coaches and patients.</p><p>One systematic review<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref117" rid="niceng226er2.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a> included information as one theme amongst many others, therefore the studies were ordered for inclusion in the review.</p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.4.2"><h5>1.1.4.2. Excluded studies</h5><p>Please see excluded studies in <a href="#niceng226er2.appe">Appendix E</a>.</p><p>Three studies were excluded because the theme that they were discussing where people gained information for deciding on surgery) had reached saturation point.</p><p>Please see excluded studies due to saturation in <a href="#niceng226er2.appe">Appendix E</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.5"><h4>1.1.5. Summary of studies included in the qualitative evidence</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab2"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng226er2.appd">Appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6"><h4>1.1.6. Summary of the qualitative evidence</h4><p>This review aimed to determine the information that people with osteoarthritis, their family and careers need, during and after diagnosis, to effectively understand and manage their condition.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab3"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Review findings." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Review findings. </p></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1"><h5>Narrative summary of review findings</h5><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.1"><h5>Review finding 1: amount of information required (LOW confidence)</h5><p>Participants wanted different amounts of information in one study,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a> but mostly people wanted more information.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a> Health professionals also identified the problem of insufficient information for OA patients.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.2"><h5>Review finding 2: Information about the natural history of osteoarthritis (LOW confidence)</h5><p>People required more information about the origins of the disease otherwise they thought it was due to lifestyle, which often led to feeling guilt or that it was due to bad luck.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> In one study they found no lack of information, or none was requested, in terms of the cause and pathomorphology, but required more about prognosis.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.3"><h5>Review finding 3: Information and explanation of osteoarthritis diagnosis (MODERATE confidence)</h5><p>It was common for people at the initial stage to ask, "something is wrong, what is this hip pain?"20 After being diagnosed they found it difficult to process osteoarthritis-related issues and lacked disease-related information, such as: disease and medication knowledge; daily life activities and movement; dietary and body weight control; management of symptoms; and how to seek support.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref69" rid="niceng226er2.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a> Doctors explained that osteoarthritis-related information was scant, and people felt ill-informed during the consultation. Often the information on osteoarthritis and treatment options was basic and variable, depending on the severity of their symptoms and the GPs’ and other HCP’s competence and communication skills.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a> They felt they were not explicit enough when explaining the diagnosis.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> People did not know how to find this information and found little instructional tools to help.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref69" rid="niceng226er2.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a> Information helped them accept the diagnosis and reduced the uncertainty and doubt about the future. Knowledge helps patients start a dialogue with Clinicians and become partners in managing their OA.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> Early education about osteoarthritis, its prognosis and self-management and treatment options was thought important to be discussed and information provided at diagnosis, or soon after, for maximum effectiveness.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a> They required more information to cope with daily life related to their disease, its origins, the outlook and the role and possible side effects of treatment.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> GPs felt that diagnosing OA did not pose a major problem to them, it was during the course of OA that the situation was more difficult.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a> Some reported little contact following their diagnosis, and that regular review and information about the likely course of OA would be beneficial.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.4"><h5>Review finding 4: Sources of information - the HCP (MODERATE confidence)</h5><p>Patients actively sought information on osteoarthritis and its management from various sources, such as GPs, pharmacists, physical therapists, doctors and health professionals, consumer medicine information leaflets.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></p><p>It was thought important to have access to professionals with osteoarthritis expertise. Family doctors usually offer advice on issues such as pain management and prescriptions after diagnosis, progression of OA and repercussions.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a> Other sources of professional expertise are orthopaedic surgeons and sometimes physiotherapists. There is a need for information about what HCPs can do for people with osteoarthritis and what they cannot. There were also concerns of continuity of care and reassessment services.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a> Pharmacists were perceived as being reliable sources of information, sometimes preferable to doctors. However, patients were displeased at the variability of the provision of CMI leaflets from pharmacies<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a> or limited information provision.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a> Specialists were associated with more positive experiences in terms of information, however some reported that this information was unclear, or they could not understand it.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a> No participants received materials on these issues although some said it would have been useful.<sup>23</sup></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.5"><h5>Review finding 5: Sources of information other than the HCP: social networks (MODERATE confidence)</h5><p>While some preferred receiving information from professionals,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a> some felt doctors were not a good source of information.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref85" rid="niceng226er2.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a> Instead preferring the personal opinions of peers, friends, and families.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref85" rid="niceng226er2.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref8" rid="niceng226er2.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a> This provided the ability to compare experiences and gather anecdotal information, on new remedies; operations;<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref3" rid="niceng226er2.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a> information about OA; methods of managing daily living.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref85" rid="niceng226er2.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a> Being in a peer group and learning that others had similar issues, made their present situation, and future one, less intimidating than they previously thought.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref101" rid="niceng226er2.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a> The experience of others could be positive, which facilitated activity,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref85" rid="niceng226er2.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a> but could also be negative for managing osteoarthritis.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref85" rid="niceng226er2.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a> Learning how they found ways to handle daily life challenges inspired them to take a positive attitude to coping with their disease and to support others by sharing their experiences with them.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref101" rid="niceng226er2.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.6"><h5>Review finding 6: Sources of information other than the HCP: self-directed information and community services (MODERATE confidence)</h5><p>Participants also actively accessed various other sources of information such as the internet, the media, medical books, and experts on television or in classes.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a> However, there were often problems in understanding and trusting the information that they received from these sources.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> Some also found it could be overwhelming.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> They actively and purposefully sought out information about arthritis and their health.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref8" rid="niceng226er2.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a> Often it was too hard to find relevant and credible information on the internet. It was often too technical and not specifically related to them.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref62" rid="niceng226er2.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a> It was often after diagnosis that people were wishing additional information (from that provided by their doctor), on the condition and potential treatments. They used the internet to find this as it was convenient to access the medical information. In one study people found the internet user’s guide enabled them to search and identify more relevant and scientific website information.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref62" rid="niceng226er2.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></p><p>Non-profit organisations were used as a source of information regarding osteoarthritis, but not all participants were aware of what services were available. Those who were aware were unclear of the services that were offered. Some were disappointed that a hospital-led education programme was discontinued.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> People felt that more dedicated osteoarthritis community resources, with ongoing support, were required.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.7"><h5>Review finding 7: Delivery of support</h5><p>Subthemes: informing and support (LOW confidence), communication skills (MODERATE confidence).</p><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.7.1"><h5>Informing and support</h5><p>There was some contradictory evidence for whether people were being well-informed about osteoarthritis. Some reported positive experiences with GPs,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a> however others reported a lack of information provision and support from their practitioners.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a> Some found GPs trivialised the condition,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a>, misunderstood its impact<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a> and suggested it is part of the normal ageing process.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a> Some felt that professionals still thought of osteoarthritis as an old person’s disease and were not aware that it can present differently, and in all ages.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a> Osteoarthritis was not treated as a priority and appointments and assessments were often rushed,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref126" rid="niceng226er2.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a> with the practitioner having little time to listen, understand or explain.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a> This made the participants feel that the practitioners were distant, tactless, not concerned, or informed.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> They wanted GPs to be more attentive, providing more care and information.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a> They felt GPs had a lack of knowledge of osteoarthritis,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref126" rid="niceng226er2.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a> and management options.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a> There were positive experiences from recommendations provided by doctors for knee OA management, and for being listened to and offering hope for the future.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></p><p>They did not expect nurses and AHPs to know everything about OA, but they did expect them to have basic rheumatology training and to know who can be affected. Suggested strategies for managing time pressured interactions, included tailoring information and providing essential information first. Presenting the risk in a patient-friendly way was perceived as a challenge to practitioners.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a> Advice and response to questions, particularly about topics highlighted in the media, were generally good, but patients often felt that they had to seek information rather than being given it spontaneously.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> Most of the people did not actively seek information during consultations.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a> This was explained partly by the fact that they did not know what to ask specifically and because the GP was not perceived to have the necessary expertise about osteoarthritis. A common finding was that people did not receive general information about osteoarthritis and pain management from their GP.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a> The lack of post examination advice left some participants feeling at times that their concerns were invalid.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref126" rid="niceng226er2.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.7.2"><h5>Communication skills</h5><p>People wanted practitioners to participate in an authentic teaching process, wishing more clarity, accessibility, and simplicity.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> They wanted clear explanations, and thought their doctor would help them explain their disease and the difficulties they encounter.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> They did not want doctors to use jargon, which they did not understand.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a> Communication skills were thought crucial in some exchanges, particularly regarding pain. When the practitioner was silent, the patient interpreted this as powerlessness and stopped asking questions. Saying ‘I dont’ know’ and be sent for a second opinion was more acceptable.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> Inappropriate gestures generated anxiety, for example a shrug was not thought a substitute for a clear answer. Some lack of dialogue seems linked with avoidance strategies, such as minimizing suffering, using fatalistic wordings and being difficult to approach.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> Computers were a barrier to communication while facial expression and body language enhanced communication.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> It was thought that there was a strong requirement for practitioners to help in the sharing of information to older people due to their process and preferences, also they preferred a more authoritative model of interaction. If the physician does not make a direct recommendation, and the person wants a direct recommendation then they could defer the decision as a preferred interaction.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref60" rid="niceng226er2.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></p></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.8"><h5>Review finding 8: self-management strategies</h5><p>Subthemes: self-management (MODERATE confidence), self-help groups (MODERATE confidence), pain management (MODERATE confidence), exercise (MODERATE confidence), and weight loss (LOW confidence).</p><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.8.1"><h5>Self-management</h5><p>Patients found self-management useful and efficacious.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a> They wanted self-management skills to help manage their symptoms, to made decisions and have control of their OA.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a> Patients felt they required more than typical health literacy or self-help resources, preferring more detailed knowledge about how their osteoarthritis is likely to progress, the extent of their OA, evidence-informed management strategies, and how to deal with changes in mobility.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a> They wanted the information to be specific to them, comprehensive and straightforward.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a> Currently, patients scout out their own information, and need trustworthy information for a range of OA specific resources.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a> Several of the participants with OA felt that they had not been made fully aware of the different management options and had not been given adequate information to make an informed decision about how to manage their condition. Participants also felt that they could be given more advice on the day-to-day management of their OA<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.8.2"><h5>Self-help groups</h5><p>GPs mostly did not inform patients about self-help groups or community level offers because they had a lack of information and frustration about the impact of this information such as patients not participating in these services. However, patients wanted basic information on self-help groups, but were unsure of the possible benefits and had reservations about them.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a> Being able to signpost people to sources of help was an important aspect of care that participants strongly felt that ail community-based nurses and AHPs should be able to do.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.8.3"><h5>Pain management</h5><p>They felt they had a lack of information about pain and how to deal with the changes in pain.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a> They wanted explanations for the pain and reassurance regarding the cause of it, especially when there was increased intensity or frequency of abnormal symptoms (Thomas 2013)<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref126" rid="niceng226er2.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a>. They wanted to know how to manage it, heal it if possible, and make sure it does not get worse.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a> Participants predominately saw their GP, despite additional health care options being available. There was a lack of knowledge regarding other options, and some perceived the view of the GP to be final.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref126" rid="niceng226er2.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a> The participants felt that community-based nurses and AHPs should be able to give some basic advice on pain management.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.8.4"><h5>Treatment advice</h5><p>A small amount of participants in one study wished to be better informed of their problems and the related treatments.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a> Another study’s participants thought there was too emphasis on analgesics for managing symptoms.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref126" rid="niceng226er2.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a> There was dissatisfaction with therapeutic options, which treat the symptom not the cause. They felt prescribed medication was the default and alternative strategies were not recognised or seen as efficient by their GPs<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a>, but they would prefer to hear about these from them.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> They wanted to learn about possible non--pharmacological pain management options as they were worried about long term effects of medication and believed there were alternatives.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a> One study found that the debate about the safety of NSAIDs has led to more discussion between the patient and practitioner and patients sought out more information.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a> People felt that GPs were not explicit enough when explaining the benefits between different drugs.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a>They wished specific information about the type of treatment that will match the level of severity, and know when they should return to an HCP.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.8.5"><h5>Exercise and weight loss advice</h5><p>Patients wanted advice on weight management and exercise.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a> Patients reported that their GP had tried to motivate them repeatedly and had explained the general effects of lack of exercise and being overweight. They did not mention any types of exercise or other possibilities, and any directions given were mostly vague.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a> Advice from health professionals, physiotherapists and social workers was mainly encouraging exercise, with advice about specific exercises, referring to gym and advice to walk (even if it is difficult);<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref56" rid="niceng226er2.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a> some received positive feedback for exercising in water or using an exercise bike to reduce the impact on their joints.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a> Also advising people that group exercise would improve motivation.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a> Sometimes the advice was vague or absent, and occasionally exercise was discouraged.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref56" rid="niceng226er2.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a> In one study all people expressed a desire for advice and guidance, but in different ways, to exercise.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a></p><p>Participants referred to the importance of giving and receiving information and of being monitored and, therefore accountable to someone else. The impact of this feeling of accountability was to increase their motivation to exercise. Patients with knee OA described feeling accountable to their physical therapist and not wanting to let the therapist down.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref57" rid="niceng226er2.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a> All people spoke about the instrumental role of health care providers in influencing and encouraging physical activity. People expressed that if their physician advocated exercise, they would be eager to adopt it. In addition, people desired more knowledge and specific guidance relating to physical activity indicating that if they were told what to do and how to do it by their doctor then they would do it.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref119" rid="niceng226er2.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a> Lack of knowledge regarding respective offers, lack of mobility and a lack of motivation for reasons for not exercising.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a></p><p>GPs give advice and recommendations regarding behaviour interventions such as weight loss, but do not focus on increasing motivation, which was considered to have a low success rate. Participants were aware that they were overweight but found losing weight or keeping weight off after losing it difficult despite help from dieticians, endocrinologists, and acupuncture. Some had received leaflets about diets.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></p></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.9"><h5>Review finding 9: Management of osteoarthritic flare-ups (VERY LOW confidence)</h5><p>There was little evidence pertaining to information about management of flares. In one trial it was noted that one participant wanted explanations of why and how the dose should be increased when there is a flare--up, and why it decreased otherwise.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> In another study participants felt that most consultations focused on the person’s presenting problem, typically a symptom flare, with less emphasis on long--term self--management.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref107" rid="niceng226er2.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.10"><h5>Review finding 10: Referral (LOW confidence)</h5><p>People who were referred to other practitioners by a sealed letter from their GP felt left out. They wondered about the relevance of such referrals, and the real benefits for themselves and their disease management.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a> GPs who were either more likely or less likely to refer reported they perceived information provision about the person’s condition as part of their professional role, and this constituted a barrier to referral if they perceived that information provision was the sole function of a self--management programme.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref107" rid="niceng226er2.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.11"><h5>Review finding 11: sources of information on surgery</h5><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.11.1"><h5>Prior to surgery (MODERATE confidence)</h5><p>Many of the participants had exhausted all other resources, including their failed treatments which led them to research arthroplasty through books and information over the internet. Some were informed by health professionals including physicians/surgeons.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref38" rid="niceng226er2.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref89" rid="niceng226er2.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a> They provided the participants with more technical information about the surgery such as what was going to be replaced. Information obtained from doctors influenced the participants’ expectations of surgery. Most were not expecting a perfect recovery.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a> Often participants preferred lay sources who received surgery and shared their experiences<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref38" rid="niceng226er2.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref60" rid="niceng226er2.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref70" rid="niceng226er2.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref89" rid="niceng226er2.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref105" rid="niceng226er2.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a> to see whether they would recommend it and gave them confidence to have the surgery.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a> Women expressed the need for more information about risks of surgery and surgical outcomes.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref105" rid="niceng226er2.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a> All the data they collected led to an increased understanding of the procedure.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref38" rid="niceng226er2.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a> When information was provided, participants’ anxiety about the procedure appeared to lessen.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref89" rid="niceng226er2.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a> They wanted to know if those who had surgery managed to resume their usual activities.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a> Of importance was the lack of questions surrounding the process or the acute postoperative phase. Many did not ask about the pain and limitations faced by these people just after their surgery. None of the participants asked about the rehabilitation that would be required. The focus was on the ultimate outcome of the surgery.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a> Participants sought out information from a variety of sources, and coupled with the pain and intrusiveness of the condition, the decision to undergo surgery was made.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a> There were a number of criticisms regarding the provision of information. Several participants perceived that they had not been given any other treatment options then a total joint replacement. Several searched for their own information. More information regarding medication would have been useful with many having been told that it was paracetamol or nothing to manage their pain.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref89" rid="niceng226er2.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a> Participants showed that improved communication about total joint arthroplasty is also needed. Many people showed evidence of poor information of trust in the procedure, despite having received detailed risk/benefit information. This casts doubt on their receptiveness to the utility of total joint arthroplasty in their individual cases, as well as on the effectiveness of the way the information was presented.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref60" rid="niceng226er2.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a> Specific education including specific information being available early to prevent the propagation of myths was thought as a strategy to help people better manage their OA.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> Participants had received the advice to undertake TKA very late, part of the delay was thought that clinicians not taking into consideration treatments already received by previous Clinicians. A longer delay came from the persons deliberation on going for the operation with factors such as fear of operating, seeking encouragement and approval from family and lack of information about the procedure and the outcome.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref3" rid="niceng226er2.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a> Advice and information pertaining to the proposed surgical procedure, health maintenance issues, exercise, use of walking aids, weight control and symptom control were limited and, in many instances, considered by the participants to be completely absent. There were no consistent healthcare professional-led education/information sessions in place by which individuals could receive information, guidance, advice, or support. In the event of an individual knowing someone who had undergone similar procedures, those individuals considered themselves at an advantage in being able to share experiences and ask for ‘tips’ in coping with various activities. The level and type of information received was down to luck, opportunity, and persistence.</p></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.12"><h5>Review finding 12: Preparation and recovery from surgery (VERY LOW confidence)</h5><p>Informational support: Information is very important in the preparation and recovery from TKA. Information was received though both formal clinical sources and informal personal sources. Although pre-surgical education was considered a key form of informational support, the provided information was often insufficient and some found it not meaningful due to being difficult to understand or remember, or due to conflicting messages. Participants felt overwhelmed and anxious before surgery making retaining information difficult. Surgeons were key sources of information also participants wanted more information than they received. Surgeons are often matter of fact, and not readily providing information, and participants felt overwhelmed which led to them not asking prepared questions. When surgeons took time to provide sufficient information, this was appreciated and improved the experience. The most frequent type of informational support identified as needing improvement was information on pain expectations and pain management. Participants felt that there should be a ‘go to’ clinical person to answer questions or that their surgeon should be available to discuss pain and recovery. Participants also wanted to understand the variety of TKA recovery trajectories so they could be assured they were on some sort of a track to recovery, and often compared their trajectory to others’<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref49" rid="niceng226er2.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a>. One study<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref32" rid="niceng226er2.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a> found educational videos provided opportunities to address any knowledge gaps and help in decision-making regarding surgery, but some felt the videos shifted responsibility of decision-making from surgeons to themselves.</p><p>Many participants wanted more personal and higher quality interactions with surgeons, including both emotional support and support with their health needs, including information support. Participants wanted empathetic surgeons though this was not often experienced, impeding patient reassurance. There is often a mismatch between the patients’ and surgeons’ perspectives, including surgeons lacking empathy for the patient experience and not seriously investigating unresolved post-surgery problems. Physiotherapists provided key clinical support and are critical. Communication skills, empathy, time, and tailoring were key. Inadequate physiotherapy was caused by waiting for too long after surgery, and patients sometimes have to self-advocate. Family doctors sometimes assist with pain and recovery advice.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref49" rid="niceng226er2.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.6.1.13"><h5>Review finding 13: Knowledge and expectations of physiotherapy (VERY LOW confidence)</h5><p>There was a division among participants for knowledge and expectations of physiotherapy. Some did not have a lot of knowledge about physiotherapy. Others knew about it based on previous treatments and preoperative education. All believed that physiotherapy was beneficial for their recovery. Those who had expectations mentioned increasing their range of motion, learn to walk and use stairs, and strengthening the muscles as what they would be doing as part of their rehabilitation. Some expected therapy to be difficult and self-directed. They just wanted to perform regular daily activities without pain.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a> Participants receiving their first prosthesis have an imprecise idea of what rehabilitation will entail. They will need physiotherapy, but cannot evaluate its duration or its implementation. Participants with prior arthroplasty rely on their prior experience, and remember the difficulties encountered.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref37" rid="niceng226er2.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a> They would like personalised plans and professional opinions and face to face contact with an instructor to their confidence in carrying out the physical activity.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref90" rid="niceng226er2.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a> Many thought that education contributed to buy-in of treatment. Participants talked about pathology and consequences of OA and provided education about treatments like exercise. Most targeted treatment to a person’s goals or interests, taking into consideration their personal context to fit in with daily life demands or focusing on a couple of important exercises to keep it manageable. Some told encouraging stories of people who had improved with physical therapy, to have buy in of management.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref83" rid="niceng226er2.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab4"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Summary of the quality of evidence: amount of information required." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: amount of information required. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab5"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab5" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Summary of the quality of evidence: information about the natural history of osteoarthritis." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: information about the natural history of osteoarthritis. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab6"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab6" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Summary of the quality of evidence: information and explanation of osteoarthritis diagnosis." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: information and explanation of osteoarthritis diagnosis. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab7"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab7" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Table 7. Summary of the quality of evidence: sources of information – the HCP." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab7">Table 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: sources of information – the HCP. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab8"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab8" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Table 8. Summary of the quality of evidence: sources of information other than the HCP: social networks." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab8">Table 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: sources of information other than the HCP: social networks. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab9"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab9" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Table 9. Summary of the quality of evidence: sources of information other than the HCP: self-directed information and community services." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab9">Table 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: sources of information other than the HCP: self-directed information and community services. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab10"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 10" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab10" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Table 10. Summary of the quality of evidence: delivery of support." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab10">Table 10</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: delivery of support. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab11"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 11" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab11" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Table 11. Summary of the quality of evidence: self-management strategies." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab11">Table 11</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: self-management strategies. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab12"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 12" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab12" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Table 12. Summary of the quality of evidence: management of osteoarthritis flares." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab12">Table 12</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: management of osteoarthritis flares. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab13"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 13" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab13" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab13"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab13/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab13/?report=previmg" alt="Table 13. Summary of the quality of evidence: referral." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab13">Table 13</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: referral. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab14"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 14" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab14" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab14"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab14/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab14/?report=previmg" alt="Table 14. Summary of the quality of evidence: surgery." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab14">Table 14</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: surgery. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2tab15"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 15" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2tab15" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab15"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab15/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab15/?report=previmg" alt="Table 15. Summary of the quality of evidence: knowledge and expectations of physiotherapy." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2tab15">Table 15</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the quality of evidence: knowledge and expectations of physiotherapy. </p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.7"><h4>1.1.7. Economic evidence</h4><p>The committee agreed that health economic studies would not be relevant to this review question, and so were not sought.</p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.8"><h4>1.1.8. The committee’s discussion and interpretation of the evidence</h4><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.8.1"><h5>1.1.8.1. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>Overall, the evidence base had mainly moderate to low quality rating. Generally, the study limitations were minor, mainly due to unclear relationship between the researcher and the patient. The evidence was downgraded for relevance where it was thought not relevant to the UK or was not entirely related to the review question or where there was an inadequate amount of evidence to support the findings. The committee had confidence in a lot of the evidence as it represented the viewpoints of patients and health care practitioners.</p><p>The evidence on the theme ’amount of information required’ had low confidence, there were minor methodological limitations from unclear or a possibly biased, relationship between researcher and patients; small sample size in one study and possible selection bias. Furthermore, two of the studies were in a non--UK population, therefore amount of information provided may differ by population.</p><p>The finding information about the natural history of osteoarthritis had low confidence, there were few studies informing this finding and there was possible selection bias and lack of information on relationship between researcher and participants. There was a lack of coherence between the studies in whether people wanted more information on the origins of the disease. One study was in a French population so may not be applicable to a UK population.</p><p>Information and explanation of osteoarthritis diagnosis was graded moderate as it had only minor limitations mainly from unclear researcher and patients’ relationship and selection bias. There were no concerns about coherence or adequacy. The majority of studies (3/5) were in a UK population.</p><p>Sources of information – the HCP had moderate quality rating as it had an adequate number of studies contributing to the finding and it was a coherent theme. There were minor limitations from unclear relationship between the researcher and participant, one study had further limitations as there was not enough information and another could have been more biased towards more motivated participants.</p><p>Sources of information – other than the HCP: social networks had moderate quality rating as there were no concerns for coherence or adequacy and although the participants were from a range of countries, this theme was thought not to be specific to the UK. There were minor limitations such as unclear relationship between researcher and participants; and lack of details; lack of generalisability to all people with OA.</p><p>Sources of information other than the HCP: self-directed information and community services was graded moderate quality. There was an adequate amount of studies, and minor limitations included unclear relationship between researcher and participants; one study with a very small sample size and one with limited information. There was some studies which were from other countries which may not be directly applicable to a UK population, however the theme of self-directed information is likely to be transferable, whereas community services may not be.</p><p>Delivery of support. Subthemes: informing, support and communications had low ratings of quality as there were minor limitations and minor concerns about coherence and adequacy. The minor limitations varied by study. Self-management strategies: sub-themes of information required, self-help groups, pain management and treatment advice had moderate quality ratings due to minor limitations. There were no concerns about coherence, relevance or adequacy. Exercise and weight loss was graded as low quality due to minor limitations and minor concerns about coherence in findings.</p><p>Management of osteoarthritic flares had a very low quality grading as there were minor limitations in the study due to sample size and the generalisability of results; the two studies were not coherent in their findings, here were concerns of relevance for the finding as it was in non--UK populations and the theme from one study was one participant.</p><p>Referral was graded low as there were only 2 studies with minor limitations, and concerns on the relevance due to non--UK populations and the theme being related to the services provided.</p><p>Surgery: subthemes: prior to surgery was graded as moderate quality as there were minor limitations and a lot of studies included in the theme; preparation and recovery from surgery was graded as very low as only one study was included and there were minor limitations. The theme was also only partially applicable to the review.</p><p>Knowledge and expectations of physiotherapy was supported by very low quality evidence as most was relevant to patients undergoing surgery and there was little coherence in findings.</p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.8.2"><h5>1.1.8.2. Findings identified in the evidence synthesis</h5><p>The evidence found suggested that more information is required, with some saying they had varying requirements. Most participants wanted more information about the origins of osteoarthritis to dispel any misconceptions they have about why they have it. They wanted explicit information about what their diagnosis meant for the future and to process their diagnosis. They wanted information on prognosis, self-management, and treatment options soon after diagnosis. There are a variety of HCPs who can provide information, but patients thought it important to have access to those with osteoarthritis expertise. They needed to know where they could get reliable information from and it to be clear and understandable. Many relied on sources of information from peers, friends and families as having people with similar issues made their situation less intimidating. They often accessed sources of information such as the internet, but it was thought unreliable and lacked relevance to them. There were non--profit organisations but there was a need for awareness of services available. There was a theme of a lack of information provision and support from practitioners. They wanted clear explanations and no jargon. Self-management strategies were thought to be useful and efficacious. They wanted self-management skills, in particular to help them manage their condition. They wanted to know about self-help groups and pain management. They felt medical treatment was the default and alternatives were not considered by HCPs. They wanted advice on exercise and weight loss that would be specific to them and to be monitored for accountability to increase motivation.</p><p>There was little evidence on management of osteoarthritis flares, but one study found they wanted to know why and how the dose should be increased when there is a flare up. Referrals were often by sealed letter which left the patient out of the process. There were themes around surgery, but this was less relevant to this review. There was variation in knowledge of physiotherapy, but it was thought beneficial for recovery.</p><p>Overall, participants wanted information and they wished it to be tailored to them. From understanding the natural history, identifying, and addressing their misconceptions to managing their prognosis and the benefits of treatment. They wanted knowledgeable, reliable sources of information. They wanted information on exercise that was specific to them that would be motivational; and how to manage their day to day pain and any changes in pain. They wanted to know where they could get additional information from, such as support groups and peer support. The committee found most of the evidence to be representative of their experience of what patients’ information requirements were and therefore used the findings with their expert opinion to form the recommendations.</p><p>The committee agreed that the patient experience guideline should be accessed for general guidance on patient information. In particular, they agreed that the recommendations relating to knowing the patient as an individual and tailoring healthcare services for each patient were particularly relevant. They discussed tailoring information and how each patient should have an individualised plan, with ongoing goals jointly agreed with the leading clinician. It was agreed that this should encourage patient motivation and ownership in sharing care. Furthermore, many of the people are likely to be elderly and have co-existing health conditions, therefore the lead Clinician should co-ordinate this information to ensure that the patient’s other ongoing treatments can be optimised. The committee agreed we need to cross refer to the multi--morbidity guideline (NG56) for recommendations relating to this.</p><p>The committee decided to make research recommendations as there was no evidence which looked at the needs for information provision from different ethnic and socio-economic groups and those with learning disability, health literacy issues and severe mental illness and so research would be useful within these instances to see the different amount and provision of information required for these groups. Furthermore, there was little information on one of the areas that the committee had flagged prior to the review, information on management of flares, therefore a research recommendation was made so this could be explored more.</p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.8.3"><h5>1.1.8.3. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>Cost effectiveness evidence was not sought as this was a qualitative review. The recommendations generally provide guidance regarding the content of information and support specific to people with osteoarthritis in line with the general principles of provision of information already established in the existing NICE Patient Experience Guideline and so were not considered likely to have a substantial resource impact over and above this.</p></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.8.4"><h5>1.1.8.4. Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>The committee agreed that the patient experience guideline covers how to inform the patient generally. This guideline suggests to ‘advise the patient where they might find reliable high-quality information and support after consultations, from sources such as peer to peer support, national and local support groups, networks and information services.’ This was added to with more specific details for those with osteoarthritis. The committee also discussed presenting the information in a format and language (simple English language or its translation) which will be understood by the patient.</p><p>The committee wished to highlight that the language which practitioners use within the consultation was important.</p></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.s1.1.9"><h4>1.1.9. Recommendations supported by this evidence review</h4><p>This evidence review supports recommendations 1.2.1 to 1.2.3. Other evidence supporting these recommendations can be found in the findings of various other evidence reviews.</p></div><div id="niceng226er2.rl.r1"><h4>1.1.10. 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H, Hay
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MC, Volkmann
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ER, Maranian
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L, Okasheh
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R, Muhaidat
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A, Al-Sabah
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S, Boutron
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S, Verhoeven
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V, Schmitz
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S. Academic detailers’ and general practitioners’ views and experiences of their academic detailing visits to improve the quality of analgesic use: process evaluation alongside a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research. 2017; 17(1):841 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5740934/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5740934</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29268730" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29268730</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref7">Arslan
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IG, Rozendaal
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RM, van Middelkoop
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M, Stitzinger
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CL. Living with hurting and difficulty doing: older women with osteoarthritis. Clinical Excellence for Nurse Practitioners. 2000; 4(4):231–237 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11261084" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11261084</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref10">Barker
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T, Scott
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L, Griffin
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M, Euller-Ziegler
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F. Evaluation of the expectations osteoarthritis patients have concerning healthcare, and their implications for practitioners. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 2007; 25(3):404–409 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17631736" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17631736</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref13">Bayliss
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EA, Edwards
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AE, Steiner
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JF, Main
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DS. Processes of care desired by elderly patients with multimorbidities. Family Practice. 2008; 25(4):287–293 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2504745/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2504745</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18628243" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18628243</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref14">Berkovic
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D, Ayton
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D, Briggs
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AM, Ackerman
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IN. "I would be more of a liability than an asset": Navigating the workplace as a younger person with arthritis. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. 2019; 07 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31388802" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31388802</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref15">Booker
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S, Herr
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S, Herr
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K, Tripp-Reimer
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T. Black American older adults’ motivation to engage in osteoarthritis treatment recommendations for pain self-management: A mixed methods study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2021; 116:103510 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7314646/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7314646</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32169337" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32169337</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref17">Bowden
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JL, Kobayashi
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S, Hunter
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DJ, Mills
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K, Peat
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G, Guillemin
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KN, Frail
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D, Twohig
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PL, Putnam
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W. What influences seniors’ choice of medications for osteoarthritis? Qualitative inquiry. Canadian Family Physician. 2006; 52:342–343 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1479710/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1479710</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16926961" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16926961</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref19">Brembo
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EA, Eide
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H, Lauritzen
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M, van Dulmen
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S, Kasper
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J. Building ground for didactics in a patient decision aid for hip osteoarthritis. Exploring patient-related barriers and facilitators towards shared decision-making. Patient Education and Counseling. 2020; 103(7):1343–1350 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32061434" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32061434</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref20">Brembo
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EA, Kapstad
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H, Eide
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T, Mansson
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L, Van Dulmen
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S, Eide
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H. Patient information and emotional needs across the hip osteoarthritis continuum: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research. 2016; 16:88 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4788906/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4788906</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26969622" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26969622</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref21">Bunzli
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S, Taylor
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N, O’Brien
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P, Dowsey
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M, Wallis
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R, Evans
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M, Tucker
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M, Quilty
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B, Dieppe
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P, Donovan
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JL. Why dont’ patients do their exercises? Understanding non-compliance with physiotherapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2001; 55(2):132–138 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1731838/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1731838</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11154253" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11154253</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref23">Carmona-Teres
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V, Moix-Queralto
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J, Pujol-Ribera
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E, Lumillo-Gutierrez
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I, Mas
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X, Batlle-Gualda
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Understanding knee osteoarthritis from the patients’ perspective: a qualitative study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2017; 18(1):225 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5450398/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5450398</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28558738" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28558738</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref24">Carpenter
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DM, Elstad
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EA, Sage
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AJ, Geryk
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LL, DeVellis
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RF, Blalock
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SJ. The relationship between partner information-seeking, information-sharing, and patient medication adherence. Patient Education and Counseling. 2015; 98(1):120–124 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4314448/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4314448</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25455797" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25455797</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref25">Carr
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EC, Babione
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JN, Marshall
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D. Translating research into practice through user-centered design: An application for osteoarthritis healthcare planning. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2017; 104:31–37 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28599814" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28599814</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref26">Chabaud
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A, Eschalier
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B, Zullian
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L, Ellis
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MB, Dix
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H, Jakiela
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MB, White
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DK, Christian
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E, Gakhal
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MJ, Pinto
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SP, Moreton
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N, Smink
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AJ, Bierma-Zeinstra
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SM, Dekker
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B, Brown
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B, Brown
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RG, Ndosi
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SN, Marang-van de Mheen
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MA, Whittle
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PL, Clark
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JP, Hawker
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Codesign in the development of a mobile health app for the management of knee osteoarthritis by patients and physicians: Qualitative study. JMIR MHealth and UHealth. 2020; 8(7):e17893 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7382016/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7382016</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32673245" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32673245</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>98.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref98">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual [updated October 2020]. London. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Available from: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20</a></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>99.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref99">Nelligan
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RK, Hinman
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RS, Teo
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PL, Bennell
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KL. Exploring attitudes and experiences of people with knee osteoarthritis toward a self-directed ehealth intervention to support exercise: Qualitative study. JMIR Rehabilitation And Assistive Technologies. 2020; 7(2):e18860 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7728537/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7728537</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33242021" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33242021</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>100.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref100">Nilsing Strid
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E, Ekelius-Hamping
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M. Experiences of sexual health in persons with hip and knee osteoarthritis: a qualitative study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2020; 21(1):576 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7445899/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7445899</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32838770" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32838770</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>101.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref101">O’Brien
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P, Bunzli
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S, Ayton
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D, Dowsey
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MM, Gunn
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J, Manski-Nankervis
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JA. What are the patient factors that impact on decisions to progress to total knee replacement? A qualitative study involving patients with knee osteoarthritis. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(9):e031310 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6773346/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6773346</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31551388" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31551388</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>102.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref102">Olsen
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AL, Strand
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LI, Skjaerven
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LH, Sundal
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MA, Magnussen
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LH. Patient education and basic body awareness therapy in hip osteoarthritis - a qualitative study of patients’ movement learning experiences. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2017; 39(16):1631–1638 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27494177" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27494177</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>103.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref103">Ozkan
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O, Babayeva
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N, Torgutalp
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SS, Kara
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OS, Donmez
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G, Korkusuz
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F. Pain during walking and ascending stairs before hyaluronic acid injection was common in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a qualitative study. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021; 51(2):693–699 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8203138/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8203138</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33244944" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33244944</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>104.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref104">Panter
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C, Berry
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P, Chauhan
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D, Fernandes
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S, Gatsi
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S, Park
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A qualitative exploration of the patient experience of erosive and non-erosive hand osteoarthritis. Journal of Patientreported Outcomes. 2021; 5(1):18 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7859145/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7859145</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33537932" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33537932</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>105.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref105">Park
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E, Park
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HR, Choi
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ES. Barriers to and Facilitators of Physical Activity among Korean Female Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis and Comorbidity: A Qualitative Study. Healthcare. 2020; 8(3):23 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7551821/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7551821</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32717904" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32717904</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>106.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref106">Parsons
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GE, Godfrey
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H, Jester
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RF. Living with severe osteoarthritis while awaiting hip and knee joint replacement surgery. Musculoskeletal Care. 2009; 7(2):121–135 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19051231" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19051231</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>107.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref107">Pellinen
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T, Villberg
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J, Raappana
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M, Leino-Kilpi
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H, Kettunen
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T. Knowledge expectations of recently diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2016; 72(11):2857–2868 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27346030" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27346030</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>108.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref108">Pitt
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VJ, O’Connor
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D, Green
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S. Referral of people with osteoarthritis to self-management programmes: barriers and enablers identified by general practitioners. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2008; 30(25):1938 – 1946 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18608407" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18608407</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>109.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref109">Porcheret
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M, Grime
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J, Main
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C, Dziedzic
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K. Developing a model osteoarthritis consultation: a Delphi consensus exercise. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2013; 14:25 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3560189/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3560189</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23320630" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23320630</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>110.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref110">Power
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JD, Badley
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EM, French
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MR, Wall
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AJ, Hawker
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GA. Fatigue in osteoarthritis: a qualitative study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2008; 9:63 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2386135/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2386135</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18452607" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18452607</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>111.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref111">Radwin
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JK, Arick
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R, Mihaliak
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K, Weinberger
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M. Using focus groups to understand arthritis patients’ perceptions about unconventional therapy. Arthritis Care and Research. 1998; 11(4):253–260 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9791324" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9791324</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>113.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref113">Rosemann
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T, Wensing
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M, Joest
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K, Backenstrass
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M, Mahler
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C, Szecsenyi
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J. Problems and needs for improving primary care of osteoarthritis patients: the views of patients, general practitioners and practice nurses. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2006; 7:48 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1524764/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1524764</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16749935" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16749935</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>114.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref114">Ryan
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S, Lillie
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K, Thwaites
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C, Adams
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J. ’What I want clinicians to know’--experiences of people with arthritis. British Journal of Nursing. 2013; 22(14):808–812 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24260990" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24260990</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>115.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref115">Sanders
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C, Donovan
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JL, Dieppe
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PA. Unmet need for joint replacement: a qualitative investigation of barriers to treatment among individuals with severe pain and disability of the hip and knee. Rheumatology. 2004; 43(3):353–357 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14623947" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14623947</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>116.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref116">Saroop-D’Souza
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P.
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S, Alvand
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A, Locock
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L, Ryan
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S, Smith
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J, Bayliss
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TO, Purdy
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R, Lister
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S, Salter
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C, Fleetcroft
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R, Conaghan
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D, Vankrunkelsven
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P, Desfosses
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J, Luyten
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F, Verschueren
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RC, Baker
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ME, Richardson
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M, Kroll
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TL, Sharf
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BF. A qualitative analysis of decision-making for total knee replacement in patients with osteoarthritis. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology. 2010; 16(4):158–163 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2878935/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2878935</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20414128" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20414128</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>122.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref122">Swardh
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E, Jethliya
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G, Khatri
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S, Kindblom
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K, Opava
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CH. Approaches to osteoarthritis - A qualitative study among patients in a rural setting in Central Western India. Physiotherapy Theory & Practice. 2021:1–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33435793" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33435793</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>123.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref123">Tallon
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D, Chard
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J, Dieppe
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P. Exploring the priorities of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Care and Research. 2000; 13(5):312–319 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14635301" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14635301</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>124.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref124">Tanimura
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C, Morimoto
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M, Hiramatsu
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K, Hagino
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H. Difficulties in the daily life of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: scale development and descriptive study. Journal of Clinical Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc). 2011; 20(5–6):743–753 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21320203" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21320203</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>125.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref125">Teo
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PL, Bennell
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KL, Lawford
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B, Egerton
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T, Dziedzic
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RS. Patient experiences with physiotherapy for knee osteoarthritis in Australia-a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2021; 11(3):e043689 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7942256/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7942256</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34006028" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34006028</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>126.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref126">Teo
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PL, Bennell
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KL, Lawford
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BJ, Egerton
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T, Dziedzic
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MJ, Moore
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A, Roddy
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E, Peat
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CA, Roos
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EM, Petersson
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IF, Arvidsson
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EE, Kusk
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KH, Skou
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ST. Investigating the motives of patients with knee OA undergoing a TKR: A qualitative interview study. Musculoskeletal Care. 2018; 16(3):380–387 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29656439" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29656439</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>130.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref130">Turner
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AP, Barlow
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JH, Buszewicz
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M, Atkinson
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A, Rait
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G. Beliefs about the causes of osteoarthritis among primary care patients. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2007; 57(2):267–271 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17330306" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17330306</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>131.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref131">Van de Velde
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S, Kortteisto
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T, Spitaels
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D, Jamtvedt
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G, Roshanov
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P, Kunnamo
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DJ, Woolf
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AD, Carr
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AJ. Chronic musculoskeletal pain and arthritis: Impact, attitudes and perceptions. Irish Medical Journal. 2008; 101(7) [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18807810" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18807810</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>133.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref133">Victor
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CR, Ross
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F, Axford
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J. Capturing lay perspectives in a randomized control trial of a health promotion intervention for people with osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 2004; 10(1):63–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14731152" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14731152</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>134.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref134">Vina
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ER, Hannon
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MJ, Hausmann
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LR M, Ibrahim
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SA, Dagnino
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J, Arellano
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A
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et al
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Modifiable determinants of exercise use in a diverse ethnic population with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care and Research. 2019; 71(11):1495–1503 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6694000/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6694000</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30762309" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30762309</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>135.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref135">Wallis
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JA, Ackerman
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IN, Brusco
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NK, Kemp
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JL, Sherwood
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J, Young
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K
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et al
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Barriers and enablers to uptake of a contemporary guideline-based management program for hip and knee osteoarthritis: A qualitative study. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open. 2020; 2(4):100095 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9718255/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9718255</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36474878" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 36474878</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>136.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref136">Wallis
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JA, Barton
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CJ, Brusco
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NK, Kemp
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JL, Sherwood
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J, Young
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K
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et al
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Exploring views of orthopaedic surgeons, rheumatologists and general practitioners about osteoarthritis management. Musculoskeletal Care. 2021; 19(4):524–532 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9292668/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9292668</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33710743" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33710743</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>137.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref137">Wallis
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JA, Taylor
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NF, Bunzli
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S, Shields
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N. Experience of living with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of qualitative studies. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(9):e030060 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6773287/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6773287</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31551381" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31551381</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>138.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref138">Washington
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K, Shacklady
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C. Patients’ experience of shared decision making using an online patient decision aid for osteoarthritis of the knee--a service evaluation. Musculoskeletal Care. 2015; 13(2):116–126 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25345930" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25345930</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>139.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref139">Webber
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SC, Ripat
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JD, Pachu
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NS, Strachan
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SM. Exploring physical activity and sedentary behaviour: perspectives of individuals with osteoarthritis and knee arthroplasty. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2019:1–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30656981" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30656981</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>140.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref140">Willis
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E.
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The making of expert patients: The role of online health communities in arthritis self-management. Journal of Health Psychology. 2013; 19(12):1613–1625 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23988679" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23988679</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>141.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref141">Yilmaz
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H, Gurel
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S, Ozdemir
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O. Turkish patients with osteoarthritis: their awareness of the side effects of NSAIDs. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology. 2005; 16(2):89–92 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16252199" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16252199</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>142.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref142">Zaidi
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R, Pfeil
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M, Macgregor
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AJ, Goldberg
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A. How do patients with end-stage ankle arthritis decide between two surgical treatments? A qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2013; 3(7) [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3717458/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3717458</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23864209" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23864209</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>143.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng226er2.ref143">Zornow
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RA. Perceptions of residents of retirement communities about osteoarthritis. Communicating Nursing Research. 1973; 6:177–184 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4499883" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4499883</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng226er2.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocol</h3><p id="niceng226er2.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK590295/bin/niceng226er2-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (198K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>What information on osteoarthritis, including the management of flares, do people with osteoarthritis, their family and carers need during and after diagnosis?</div></li></ul><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref98" rid="niceng226er2.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a></p><p>For more information, please see the Methodology review published as part of the accompanying documents for this guideline.</p><div id="niceng226er2.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p id="niceng226er2.appb.et1"><a href="/books/NBK590295/bin/niceng226er2-appb-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (202K)</span></p></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Qualitative evidence study selection</h3><p id="niceng226er2.appc.et1"><a href="/books/NBK590295/bin/niceng226er2-appc-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (103K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Qualitative evidence</h3><p id="niceng226er2.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK590295/bin/niceng226er2-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (878K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Excluded studies</h3><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2appetab1"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.appe.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 17" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2appetab1" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2appetab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.appe.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.appe.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 17. Studies excluded from the qualitative review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.appe.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.appe.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2appetab1">Table 17</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Studies excluded from the qualitative review. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng226er2appetab2"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.appe.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 18" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng226er2appetab2" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2appetab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.appe.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.appe.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 18. Studies identified but not extracted due to saturation." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng226er2.appe.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.appe.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng226er2appetab2">Table 18</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Studies identified but not extracted due to saturation. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng226er2.appf"><h3>Appendix F. Research recommendations – full details</h3><div id="niceng226er2.appf.s1"><h4>F.1. Research Recommendations 1 & 2</h4><p>What information on osteoarthritis, including the management of flares, do people with osteoarthritis, their family and carers need after diagnosis?</p><p>What information do people with osteoarthritis from different ethnic and socio-economic groups and those with learning disability, health literacy issues and severe mental illness (and their family and carers) need?</p><div id="niceng226er2.appf.s1.1"><h5>F.1.1. Why this is important</h5><p>There was little evidence on what information patients wanted after diagnosis, in particular information on managing flares. Therefore more research is required regarding what to inform the patient in order that they can self-manage. Furthermore, there was no evidence which looked at the needs for information provision from different ethnic and socio-economic groups and those with learning disability, health literacy issues and severe mental illness and so this needs further exploration.</p></div><div id="niceng226er2.appf.s1.2"><h5>F.1.2. Rationale for research recommendations</h5><p id="niceng226er2.appf.et1"><a href="/books/NBK590295/bin/niceng226er2-appf-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (162K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.appf.s4"><h5>F.1.3. Modified PICO table: What information on osteoarthritis, including the management of flares, do people with osteoarthritis, their family and carers need after diagnosis?</h5><p id="niceng226er2.appf.et2"><a href="/books/NBK590295/bin/niceng226er2-appf-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (174K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng226er2.appf.s5"><h5>F.1.4. Modified PICO table: What information do people with osteoarthritis from different ethnic and socio-economic groups and those with learning disability, health literacy issues and severe mental illness (and their family and carers) need?</h5><p id="niceng226er2.appf.et3"><a href="/books/NBK590295/bin/niceng226er2-appf-et3.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (136K)</span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final version</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews underpinning recommendations 1.2.1 to 1.2.3 and research recommendations in the NICE guideline</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2022.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK590295</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37036918" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">37036918</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab1"><div id="niceng226er2.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng226er2.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng226er2.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To determine the information that people with osteoarthritis, their family and careers need during and after diagnosis to effectively understand and manage their condition.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng226er2.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population and setting</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng226er2.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Inclusion:</p>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adults (age ≥16 years) with osteoarthritis affecting any joint</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Family members of adults with osteoarthritis affecting any joint</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Carers of adults with osteoarthritis affecting any joint</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Healthcare professionals or experts with an interest in osteoarthritis</div></li></ul>
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<p>Exclusion:</p>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Children (age <16 years)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>People with conditions that may make them susceptible to osteoarthritis or often occur alongside osteoarthritis (including crystal arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, septic arthritis, diseases of childhood that may predispose to osteoarthritis, medical conditions presenting with joint inflammation and malignancy).</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng226er2.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Context</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng226er2.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Themes will be gathered from the evidence identified for this review and not stated prior to this. Topics may include (but will not be limited to):</p>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Self-management strategies</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Management of osteoarthritic flares</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Medication use (including rescue medication)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Future management options (e.g., surgery)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Delivery of support</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological support</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Information sources other than healthcare professionals (e.g., support groups, online resources)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Addressing misconceptions related to osteoarthritis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Information about the natural history of osteoarthritis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Information and explanation of osteoarthritis diagnosis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pragmatic ways of applying management plans to daily living</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng226er2.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review strategy</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng226er2.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Synthesis of qualitative research. Results presented in narrative format. Quality of the evidence will be assessed by a GRADE CerQual approach for each review finding.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab2"><div id="niceng226er2.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Research aim</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alami 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured face-to-face interview</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 patients with knee osteoarthritis and 29 practitioners</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify the views of patients and care providers regarding the management of knee OA and to reveal potential obstacles to improving healthcare strategies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ali 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured face-to-face interview with hermeneutic phenomenology methodology</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 people with osteoarthritis aged >65 years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To better understand the lived experiences and identify ways to improve the care that is available to community-dwelling seniors with OA in urban and rural communities</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Al-Taiar 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref3" rid="niceng226er2.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus groups with thematic analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Women with severe knee osteoarthritis on the waiting list for TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore the pain experience and mobility limitation as well as the patient’s decision making process to undertake TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baird 2003<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref8" rid="niceng226er2.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">An interpretative descriptive study using interviews with a phenomenological and naturalistic inquiry framework</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Women aged over 70 with osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To understand the experience of living and caring for self with osteoarthritis and physical functioning difficulties</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barlow 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus groups and in-depth interviews using iterative thematic analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus group participants were patients who had had a knee replacement. Interview participants were those who were waiting for or considering a knee replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore what factors affect patient decision-making at different points in the patient pathway</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baumann 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus groups using qualitative analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Osteoarthritis patients purchasing medication at a pharmacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To evaluate the expectations of osteoarthritis patients and to consider how this information may be used to improve healthcare provision and the patients-doctor relationship</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bower 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews with a grounded theory methodology</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seniors with a physician confirmed diagnosis of osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore with seniors what influences their choice of medication for osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brembo 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews with an inductive thematic analysis approach</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with hip osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To investigate patients’ need for information and their personal and emotional needs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Campbell 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref22" rid="niceng226er2.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interviews in a qualitative study, nested within a randomised controlled trial</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis of the knee interviewed 3 months after they completed the physiotherapy program, with some people being interviewed again 1 year later</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To understand reasons for compliance and non-compliance with a home based exercise regimen by people with osteoarthritis of the knee</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carmona-Teres 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured face-to-face interviews with a content thematic analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify current practice and advice of primary care physicians from the patients’ perspective, and to understand the experiences, perceptions, evaluations, values, beliefs, and coping strategies of patients with OA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chan 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qualitative interviews with thematic analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with a history of knee pain diagnoses as having knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To evaluate the influence of different pain patterns on quality of life and to investigate patients’ interpretation and coping strategies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Churchill 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref32" rid="niceng226er2.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People attending first consultation with an arthroplasty surgeon for consideration for total knee replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To pilot educational videos with patients to determine their experiences and perspectives regarding the content and clarity of videos and to better understand their potential impact on patients’ health behaviour</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The data has come from a mixed methods study which included survey information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clarke 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qualitative interviews using thematic analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To examine the experiences of pain reported by participants with knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Demierre 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref37" rid="niceng226er2.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured interviews with a thematic discourse analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 adults aged <75 years awaiting arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore the patient illness experience from the moment the decision is made to perform arthroplasty through 12 months post-surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dosanjh 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref38" rid="niceng226er2.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured interviews or focus groups using a grounded theory approach and content analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients who were scheduled for an upcoming total hip arthroplasty or had completed total hip arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore patients experiences and their decision making processes to undergo total hip arthroplasty and examine the factors that influenced decisions about the type of surgical procedure</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Egerton 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref42" rid="niceng226er2.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured telephone interviews with an inductive thematic approach</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 GPs from metropolitan, regional, large and small practices</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify potential factors influencing GPs engagement with a proposed new model of service deliver to provide evidence-based care for patients with knee OA and achieve better outcomes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In relation to a specific intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Erwin 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Face-to-face focus groups with a phenomenological approach using deductive thematic analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 people with arthritis, including osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify competencies that patients think non-specialist community-based nurses and allied health professionals need to enable them to access, care for and manage arthritis appropriately</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goldsmith 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref49" rid="niceng226er2.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews using a thematic analysis approach</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 adults with primary or secondary osteoarthritis scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To improve understanding of patient experience and patient satisfaction following total knee arthroplasty surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The data have come from a mixed methods prospective cohort study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hall 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In-depth interviews using a modified grounded theory method approach</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 people with knee osteoarthritis who were waiting total knee arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To investigate the physical and psychological consequences of living with osteoarthritis and peoples’ views of total knee arthroplasty and physiotherapy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hendry 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref56" rid="niceng226er2.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured interviews and a focus group</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 primary care patients with knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To examine the views of primary care patients with knee osteoarthritis towards exercise, explore factors that determine the acceptability and motivation to exercise, and to identify barriers that limit its use</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hinman 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref57" rid="niceng226er2.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured interviews using thematic analysis informed by grounded theory</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 physical therapists, 4 telephone coaches, and 6 patients with painful knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore how stakeholders experienced and made sense of being involved in an integrated programme of physical therapist supervised exercise and telephone coaching for people with knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relates to a specific intervention. Participants are part of an RCT.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hudak 2002<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref60" rid="niceng226er2.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In depth face-to-face interviews using qualitative content analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 elderly individuals who were candidates for total joint arthroplasty</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore the process by which elderly persons make decisions about a surgical treatment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ilic 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref62" rid="niceng226er2.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus groups with qualitative thematic analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 individuals diagnosed with chronic osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To evaluate the feasibility and user satisfaction of an Internet User’s Guide to educate and assist patients to search for medical information about osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kao 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref69" rid="niceng226er2.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured one-on-one interviews with content analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 adults (aged 43–55 years) with Ahlback stage 1–2 knee osteoarthritis with the ability to speak Mandarin or Taiwanese</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To understand the illness experiences of middle-aged adults with early knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kamsan 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qualitative design using focus group discussions</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Older adults aged 60 years and above with a clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore older adults’ knowledge about knee osteoarthritis and their perspectives on the information required to enable self-management</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karlson 1997<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref70" rid="niceng226er2.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus groups using semi-quantitatively and qualitatively methods</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 people with moderately severely severe osteoarthritis of the hip or knee</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To study gender specific preferences regarding timing of elective total joint replacement surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MacKay 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref83" rid="niceng226er2.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Physical therapists who worked with individuals with knee symptoms or diagnosed knee OA in the past 3 months, worked in community based or outpatient settings and could communicate in English</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore how physical therapists approached management for early knee OA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mann 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus groups and semi-structured interviews using the framework methodology to generate themes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 people with hip/knee osteoarthritis took part in focus groups; 12 HCPs were interviewed</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore the opinions of patients and health professionals about the provision of health care for people with osteoarthritis and possible service improvements</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McGruer 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref88" rid="niceng226er2.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured interviews using thematic analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Māori adults with clinical knee or hip osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore the Māori lived experience of osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McHugh 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref89" rid="niceng226er2.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In-depth semi-structured interviews nested within a longitudinal study, using a framework approach</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients who were newly referred to an orthopaedic consult for further investigation concerning their hip or knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To elucidate some of the factors that influence the decision to have or not have total joint replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McKevitt 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref90" rid="niceng226er2.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual semi-structured interviews (face to face)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged ≥ 45, with self-reported OA and at least one comorbidity located in the Northwest and West Midlands of England (N=17)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To investigate how people with OA experience physical activity in the context of comorbidity, and how best to support people with OA and comorbidity to be more active</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study was part of a larger multi method study that included quantitative and qualitative evidence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mikhail 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus groups using a qualitative content analysis approach</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Five advanced general practice registrars, six experienced GPs, and 20 patients with osteoarthritis aged 54–85 years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To examine the effect of the debate on the safety of NSAIDs drugs on decision making by Australian general practitioners and patients with osteoarthritis, and to explore issues concerning the use of NSAIDs from both prescriber and consumer perspective</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miller 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Three-step peer-to-peer process including a focus group, creation of an interview guide, and a reflective focus group</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with osteoarthritis and trained in engagement methods</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To assess the experience of what is important to osteoarthritis patients as they seek help for their symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Olsen 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref101" rid="niceng226er2.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual semi-structured interviews using systematic text condensation</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with primary hip osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore how patients described their experiences and outcome from participating in patient education and basic body awareness therapy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parsons 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref105" rid="niceng226er2.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unstructured interviews using a phenomenological approach</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients who had been referred for a primary hip and knee replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore the lived experiences of patients with severe osteoarthritis of the hip or knew whilst awaiting joint replacement surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pitt 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref107" rid="niceng226er2.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus group interviews using thematic analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GPs who had experience of managing people with osteoarthritis and with an opinion about self-management programmes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To examine the barriers to, and drivers of, referrals of patients with osteoarthritis to self-management programmes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rosemann 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref112" rid="niceng226er2.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured face-to-face interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 patients, 20 GPs and 20 practice nurses</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health care needs of patients with osteoarthritis and to reveal possible obstacles for improvements in primary care management of osteoarthritis patients</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sanders 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref114" rid="niceng226er2.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In-depth interviews using a thematic constant comparison technique</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with high levels of hip or knee pain</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore barriers to healthcare utilisation in people with moderate to severe hip or knee symptoms or pain and disability</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref117" rid="niceng226er2.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review and meta-ethnography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To determine the perceptions of people diagnosed with osteoarthritis towards their conservative management strategies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review included a lot of themes other than just information. The relevant studies from this systematic review were included in our review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spitaels 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref118" rid="niceng226er2.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured interviews using directed content analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To investigate patients’ perceived barriers and facilitators in current osteoarthritis care</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Specific to a Belgian guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stone 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref119" rid="niceng226er2.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured interviews examined using interpretational analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults with osteoarthritis who were at least 30 years of age, actively seeking medical treatment for their arthritis and not currently enrolled in a regular physiotherapy/physical activity program</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To investigate the potential facilitators and barriers to physical activity for adults with osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suarez-Almazor 2010<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref120" rid="niceng226er2.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus groups using thematic analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To explore decision-making factors influencing preferences for TKA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thomas 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref126" rid="niceng226er2.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured face-to-face interviews using interpretative phenomenological analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eleven participants (6 women and 5 men) ages 56–80 years who had radiographically confirmed symptomatic foot OA</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To examine the experiences of primary care consultation among older adults with symptomatic foot osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thorstenss on 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Semi-structured interviews using a phenomenographic approach</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with symptomatic, radiographic knee osteoarthritis who had participated in an exercise intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To describe the conceptions of exercise as a treatment for people with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Victor 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref131" rid="niceng226er2.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Structured interviews, diaries and patient education sessions using thematic and content analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients aged over 45 years with knee osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To enhance understanding of patients’ experiences of living with arthritis and goals for care</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab3"><div id="niceng226er2.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Review findings</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Main findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Statement of finding</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amount of information required</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People want different amounts of information, but generally more information is required.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information about the natural history of osteoarthritis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People needed more information about the origins of the disease as they could have misconceptions about why they have osteoarthritis.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information and explanation of osteoarthritis diagnosis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">It was important for people to get explicit information about what their diagnosis is and what it means for the future, to process their diagnosis better. They required, but did not know how to find, additional information on prognosis, self-management, and treatment options soon after diagnosis.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of information – the HCP</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There are a variety of health care professionals who can provide information to people with osteoarthritis, and it was thought important to have access to those with osteoarthritis expertise. People needed to know where they could get information regarding what health care providers could do and where they could get reliable information. The information from these professionals should be clear and understandable.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of information other than the HCP: social networks</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Many people preferred personal opinions of peers, friends, and families to inform them as often doctors were thought to not be a good source of information. Peer group support of people with similar issues made their present situation and future one less intimidating.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of information other than the HCP: self-directed information and community services</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis actively accessed other sources of information, including the internet but there were problems of reliability of the information, technicality, or specificity. There were other non-profit organisations which were useful for information, but there was not always awareness of services available and what they provided. There was a need for more community resources with ongoing support required.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Delivery of support. Subthemes: informing and support, communication skills</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Informing and support: There was some contradictory evidence, but most of the evidence suggested a lack of information provision and support from practitioners.</p>
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<p>Some HCPs trivialised osteoarthritis, seeing it as a normal part of the ageing process and misunderstanding the impact it would have on the person. Patients often felt there was not enough time to listen, understand and explain anything to them.</p>
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<p>Leaving them feeling that they were not concerned or informed. They felt that the GP had a lack of knowledge on osteoarthritis and options to manage it. There were positive experiences when they were given recommendations for OA management, and felt listened to and hope for the future.</p>
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<p>Communication skills: they wanted clear explanations and did not want jargon which they could not understand. Body language and silence on a topic suggested the HCP did not know, and it would be better to admit this and get a second opinion.</p>
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<p>Computers created a barrier to communication. Some older people in one study wished a more authoritative model of interaction.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Self-management strategies. Subthemes: information required, self-help groups, pain management, treatment advice, exercise, and weight loss advice</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Self-management was thought useful and efficacious. Information required: they required more trusty information which is specific to them so that they could manage their osteoarthritis. More advice on day-to-day management of OA. They wanted self-management skills to help manage their symptoms, to make decisions and have control of their OA.</p>
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<p>Self-help groups: they wanted more advice on the benefits of self-help groups and practitioners wanted to be able to signpost people to sources of help.</p>
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<p>Pain management: they had a lack of information about pain and how to deal with the changes in pain. They wanted to know how to manage it, heal it if possible, and make sure it does not get worse. They wanted more information on the explanations of pain and what their options were in relieving it.</p>
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<p>Treatment advice: they felt that medication was the default and alternative strategies were not recognised by their GPs. They wanted more details on the benefits between different drugs, which treatment matched the severity, and when to return to an HCP.</p>
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<p>Exercise and weight loss advice: there was some inconsistency in this with some feeling that their GP had tried to motivate them and explained the effects of lack of exercise and being overweight. They did not mention which type of exercise they should be doing, and directions were vague. They all agree the benefit of HCPs providing encouragement to exercise and giving specific exercise advice. However, some thought that they had received this, with specific exercises, referral to the gym and advice to walk, exercise in water or use an exercise bike to reduce the impact on joints. They wanted to get information and to be monitored for accountability to increase their motivation.</p>
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<p>Weight loss: patients wanted advice on weight management and exercise; some evidence indicated that they did get advice and recommendations on weight loss, but it did not focus on increasing motivation.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Management of osteoarthritis flare-ups</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There was little evidence about this, but one participant wanted explanation of why and how the dose should be increased when there is a flare-up and why it decreased afterwards. Another study found most consultations focused on the person’s presenting problem (typically a symptom flare) with less emphasis on long-term management.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Referral</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Referrals were often by sealed letter, and they felt left out of the process and wished more information.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgery. Subthemes: prior to surgery; preparation and recovery from surgery; physiotherapy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>People researched surgery through books, the internet and from learning from people they know. Advice on information about the surgical procedure, health maintenance issues, exercise, use of walking aids, weight control and symptom control were low and inconsistent education/information, guidance, advice, or support. One study found a video helped address knowledge gaps regarding surgery but shifted responsibility of decision-making from surgeons to themselves.</p>
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<p>Preparation and recovery: they felt overwhelmed and anxious before surgery. This made retaining information they received difficult. Surgeons were key sources of information, and they wanted more information than they received. Information on pain expectations and pain management were required. A go to person would be useful to discuss pain and recovery. Knowing the recovery trajectory would also be useful.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Knowledge and expectations of physiotherapy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Some had little knowledge of physiotherapy, whereas others knew from previous treatments and preoperative education, but all felt it was beneficial for recovery.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab4"><div id="niceng226er2.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: amount of information required</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Finding</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amount of information required</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Combination of focus groups and individual interviews (2 studies) and focus groups only (2 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People want different amounts of information, but generally more information is required.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about methodologic al limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence<sup>b</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about relevance<sup>c</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Three studies with minor limitations: the relationship between researcher and patients and HCPs could have influenced responses (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87">Mann 2011</a>). In two studies there was an unknown relationship between researchers (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11">Barlow 2018</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66">Kamsan 2020</a>) and a small sample size (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11">Barlow 2018</a>); another study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a>) could have selection bias as the first people to arrive at the pharmacy were selected.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">In one study they wanted different amounts of information, in the other three studies the patients wanted more information, or the health professionals identified a lack of information for osteoarthritis patients. This was not thought enough to downgrade on.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Amount of information was not one of the themes identified within the protocol but throughout the review lack of particular information was a key issue. One study was based on a French population so may not directly be applicable to the UK population (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a>), another study was in a Malaysian population (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66">Kamsan 2020</a>).</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab5"><div id="niceng226er2.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: information about the natural history of osteoarthritis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information about the natural history of osteoarthritis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus groups (1 study) and individual interviews (1 study)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People needed more information about the origins of the disease as they could have misconceptions about why they have osteoarthritis.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about coherence<sup>b</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about relevancy<sup>c</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy<sup>d</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Two studies with minor limitations: In one study there may be selection bias as the first people to arrive at the pharmacy were selected (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a>). Rosemann 2011 did not give details of the relationship between researcher and participants.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">One study detailed that participants required more information on the origins to avoid misconceptions but the other study did not find any participants requesting this.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> was based on a French population so may not directly be applicable to the UK population, however the theme could be transferable so was not downgraded.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab5_4"><p class="no_margin">There were only two studies, but one had 100 participants, so this was not downgraded.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab6"><div id="niceng226er2.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: information and explanation of osteoarthritis diagnosis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information and explanation of osteoarthritis diagnosis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A combination of individual interviews (1 study) and focus-groups (1 studies) and individual interviews (3 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">It was important for people to get explicit information about what their diagnosis is and what it means for the future, to process their diagnosis better. They required, but did not know how to find, additional information on prognosis, self-management, and treatment options soon after diagnosis.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about relevancy<sup>b</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Four studies with minor limitations: the relationship between researcher and patients and HCPs could have influenced responses (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87">Mann 2011</a>). <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> may have selection bias as the first people to arrive at the pharmacy were selected. Rosemann 2011 did not give details of the relationship between researcher and participants. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20">Brembo 2016</a> had a very small sample. Those in the early stages of hip osteoarthritis were thought to be underrepresented in the sample and their experiences and questions less clearly explored. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref69" rid="niceng226er2.ref69">Kao 2014</a> had a small sample size and regional differences may be present.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> was based on a French population so may not directly be applicable to the UK population. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref69" rid="niceng226er2.ref69">Kao 2014</a> was conducted in Taiwan so this may not be transferable to the UK, but there was still enough data from other studies to not downgrade overall for relevance.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab7"><div id="niceng226er2.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: sources of information – the HCP</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of information – the HCP</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual interviews (4 studies) and focus-groups (2 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There are a variety of health care professionals who can provide information to people with osteoarthritis, and it was thought important to have access to those with osteoarthritis expertise. People needed to know where they could get information regarding what health care providers could do and where they could get reliable information. The information from these professionals should be clear and understandable.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">The 5 studies had minor limitations: in most studies the relationship between the researcher and participants was not reported (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5">Ali 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18">Bower 2006</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23">Carmona-Teres 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93">Miller 2016</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91">Mikhail 2007</a>). <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27">Chan 2011</a> had moderate limitations due to unclear relationship of the researcher and no discussion of ethical issues and data collection methods not supported by quotes from the patients. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93">Miller 2016</a> could have been biased towards more motivated patients.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab8"><div id="niceng226er2.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: sources of information other than the HCP: social networks</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of information other than the HCP: social networks</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A combination of individual interviews and focus groups (1 study) individual interviews (5 studies) and focus-groups (2 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Many people preferred personal opinions of peers, friends, and families to inform them as often doctors were thought to not be a good source of information. Peer group support of people with similar issues made their present situation and future one less intimidating.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns of relevance<sup>b</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">The 8 studies had minor limitations: the relationship between the researcher and participants was not reported in several studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5">Ali 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref3" rid="niceng226er2.ref3">Al-Taiar 2013</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11">Barlow 2018</a>, Bower 2016, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27">Chan 2011</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref85" rid="niceng226er2.ref85">Maly 2007</a>). There was a very small sample size in a few studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11">Barlow 2018</a> n=5, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref85" rid="niceng226er2.ref85">Maly 2007</a> n=3) <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11">Barlow 2018</a> had no details on setting or ethical issues. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11">Barlow 2018</a> may not be generalisable to all patients with OA as the participants were selected for being more ‘extreme’ cases and the three participants were of the older age group. In <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref102" rid="niceng226er2.ref102">Olsen 2017</a> people found it difficult to recall contents of the information derived specifically from patient education since much or the same information was conveyed in the BBAT groups. In <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27">Chan 2011</a> ethical issues were not being discussed and data collection methods not being supported by quotes from patients.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">The studies were from a range of different countries: <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5">Ali 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18">Bower 2006</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref85" rid="niceng226er2.ref85">Maly 2007</a> were in a Canadian population, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref8" rid="niceng226er2.ref8">Baird 2003</a> was in the UK, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref3" rid="niceng226er2.ref3">Al-Taiar 2013</a> in Kuwait, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27">Chan 2011</a> in Hong Kong, and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref102" rid="niceng226er2.ref102">Olsen 2017</a> was in Norway so these may not be directly applicable to a United Kingdom population, however the theme is likely to be transferable therefore the quality was not downgraded. Only <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref11" rid="niceng226er2.ref11">Barlow 2018</a> was a UK population.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab9"><div id="niceng226er2.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: sources of information other than the HCP: self-directed information and community services</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of information other than the HCP: self-directed information and community services</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual interviews (4 studies) and focus-groups (2 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with osteoarthritis actively accessed other sources of information, including the internet but there were problems of reliability of the information, technicality, or specificity. There were other non-profit organisations which were useful for information, but there was not always awareness of services available and what they provided. There was a need for more community resources with ongoing support required.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup>b</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">The 6 studies had minor limitations. Most did not report the relationship between the researcher and participants (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5">Ali 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18">Bower 2006</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91">Mikhail 2007</a> and Rosemann 2011). <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref62" rid="niceng226er2.ref62">Ilic 2005</a> provides very limited information throughout that makes it difficult to interpret. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref8" rid="niceng226er2.ref8">Baird 2003</a> had a very small sample size (n=5).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">The studies were from a range of different countries: <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5">Ali 2018</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref18" rid="niceng226er2.ref18">Bower 2006</a> were in a Canadian population, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref8" rid="niceng226er2.ref8">Baird 2003</a> in a USA population, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref62" rid="niceng226er2.ref62">Ilic 2005</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91">Mikhail 2007</a> were in an Australian population. Rosemann 2011 in a German population so these may not be directly applicable to a United Kingdom population. However, the theme of self-directed information is likely to be transferable, whereas community services may not be, so this was not downgraded as the majority of the evidence was about self-directed information.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab10"><div id="niceng226er2.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: delivery of support</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Delivery of support. Subthemes: informing and support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A combination of individual interviews and focus groups (1 study); Individual interviews (5 studies) and focus-groups (3 study)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Informing and support: There was some contradictory evidence, but most of the evidence suggested a lack of information provision and support from practitioners. Some trivialised osteoarthritis, seeing it as a normal part of the ageing process and misunderstanding the impact it would have on the person. They often felt there was not enough time to listen, understand and explain anything to them. Leaving them feeling that they were not concerned or informed. They felt that the GP had a lack of knowledge on osteoarthritis and options to manage it. There were positive experiences when they were given recommendations for OA management, and felt listened to and hope for the future.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about coherence<sup>d</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup>b</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Delivery of support. Sub-theme: communication skills</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual interviews (2 studies) and focus groups (1 study)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">They wanted clear explanations and did not want jargon which they could not understand. Body language and silence on a topic suggested they did not know, and it would be better to admit this and get a second opinion. Computers created a barrier to communication.<br />Some older people wished a more authoritative model of interaction.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about relevance<sup>b</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about adequacy</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Eight studies had minor limitations. Most studies did not report the relationship between the researcher and participants (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4">Alami 2011</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5">Ali 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43">Erwin 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91">Mikhail 2007</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127">Thomas 2013</a>). <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43">Erwin 2018</a> had moderate limitations due to lack of information on ethical issues, and limited information/ lack of rigorous approach to data analysis. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87">Mann 2011</a> had moderate limitations due to the potential influence of the researcher on responses to interviews/ focus groups. Results may not be generalisable as both patients and primary care practitioners were from the same GP practice. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> may have selection bias as the first people to arrive at the pharmacy were selected. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33">Clarke 2014</a> gave insufficient explanation about the methodology behind the analysis. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127">Thomas 2013</a> had minor limitations as data analysis did not seem as rigorous as other studies. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20">Brembo 2016</a> had a small sample (n=13), and it was thought the needs of the individual person were unlikely to be fully accounted for from this type of study. Those in the early stages of hip osteoarthritis were thought to be underrepresented in the sample and their experiences and questions less clearly explored.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">The studies were from a range of different countries: <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5">Ali 2018</a> was in a Canadian population, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4">Alami 2011</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> were in a French population, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91">Mikhail 2007</a> was in an Australian population. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref20" rid="niceng226er2.ref20">Brembo 2016</a> was in a Norwegian population, so these may not be directly applicable to a United Kingdom population, but the theme. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref33" rid="niceng226er2.ref33">Clarke 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43">Erwin 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref87" rid="niceng226er2.ref87">Mann 2011</a>, and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127">Thomas 2013</a> were UK studies, and therefore this was not downgraded for relevance.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">There may be selection bias in the studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4">Alami 2011</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref60" rid="niceng226er2.ref60">Hudak 2002</a>).</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab11"><div id="niceng226er2.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: self-management strategies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Self-management strategies. Sub-theme: information required</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual interviews (1 studies) and focus-groups (3 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Self-management was thought useful and efficacious. They wanted self-management skills to help manage their symptoms, to make decisions and have control of their OA.<br />They required more trusty information which is specific to them so that they could manage their osteoarthritis. More advice on day-to-day management of OA.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about relevance<sup>g</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subthemes: self-help groups</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual interviews (1 study) and focus groups (1 study)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">They wanted more advice on the benefits of self-help groups and practitioners wanted to be able to signpost people to sources of help.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about relevance<sup>g</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme: Pain management</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual interviews (2 study) and focus groups (2 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">They had a lack of information about pain and how to deal with the changes in pain. They wanted more information on the explanations of pain and what their options were in relieving it and ensuring it does not get worse.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>c</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODEARATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about relevance<sup>g</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme: Treatment advice</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual interviews (4 studies) and focus groups (4 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">They felt that medication was the default and alternative strategies were not recognised by their GPs. They wanted to know about non-pharmacological pain management options as they worried about the effects of medication. They wanted more details on the benefits between different drugs, which treatment. matched the severity, and when to return to an HCP.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>d</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about relevance<sup>g</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme: Exercise and weight loss advice</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A combination of individual interviews and focus groups (2 studies) and individual interviews (5 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Patients wanted advice on weight management and exercise. There was some inconsistency in the findings with some feeling that their GP had tried to motivate them and explained the effects of lack of exercise and being overweight. They did not mention which type of exercise they should be doing, and directions were vague. They all agree the benefit of HCPs providing encouragement to exercise and giving specific exercise advice. However, some thought that they had received this, with specific exercises, referral to the gym and advice to walk, exercise in water or use an exercise bike to reduce the impact on joints. They wanted to get information and to be monitored for accountability to increase their motivation.</p>
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<p>Weight loss: they did get advice and recommendations on weight loss, but it did not focus on increasing motivation.</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>e</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about coherence<sup>f</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about relevance<sup>g</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Information required: the 4 studies had moderate limitations due to unclear relationship of the researcher (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27">Chan 2011</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43">Erwin 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93">Miller 2016</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66">Kamsan 2020</a>) and a lack of information on discussion of ethical issues (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27">Chan 2011</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43">Erwin 2018</a>) and data collection methods not being supported by quotes from patients (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27">Chan 2011</a>) or limited information/ lack of rigorous approach to data analysis (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43">Erwin 2018</a>). <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93">Miller 2016</a> may have had selection bias towards more motivated patients due to recruitment methods.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Self-help groups: Both studies had a lack of details of the relationship between researcher and participants (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43">Erwin 2018</a> and Rosemann 2011) and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43">Erwin 2018</a> had moderate limitations due to a lack of information on ethical issues and limited information/ lack of rigorous approach to data analysis.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">Pain management: All studies did not report the relationship between researcher and participants (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43">Erwin 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66">Kamsan 2020</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93">Miller 2016</a>, Roseman 2011, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127">Thomas 2013</a>). <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref43" rid="niceng226er2.ref43">Erwin 2018</a> had moderate limitations due to a lack of information on ethical issues, and limited information/ lack of rigorous approach to data analysis. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93">Miller 2016</a> may have had selection bias towards more motivated patients due to recruitment methods. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127">Thomas 2013</a> had minor limitations due to unclear data analysis methods.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">Treatment advice: the relationship between the researcher and participants was not reported in a few studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5">Ali 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4">Alami 2011</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref4" rid="niceng226er2.ref4">Alami 2011</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27">Chan 2011</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66">Kamsan 2020</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref91" rid="niceng226er2.ref91">Mikhail 2007</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93">Miller 2016</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127">Thomas 2013</a>) Alami had unclear selection and data analysis process. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> may have had selection bias as the first people to arrive at the pharmacy were selected. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref27" rid="niceng226er2.ref27">Chan 2011</a> had moderate limitations due to ethical issues not being discussed and data collection methods not being supported by quotes from patients. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93">Miller 2016</a> may have had selection bias towards more motivated pts. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref127" rid="niceng226er2.ref127">Thomas 2013</a> had minor limitations due to unclear data analysis methods.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab11_5"><p class="no_margin">Exercise and weight loss advice: The relationship between the researcher and participants was not reported in a few studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref23" rid="niceng226er2.ref23">Carmona-Teres 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66">Kamsan 2020</a>, Rosemann 2011). <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref56" rid="niceng226er2.ref56">Hendry 2006</a> Three of the authors were clinicians and one was a sports psychologist, who were all in favour of exercise provision for this group, however they were aware of this potential for investigator bias and actively sought any negative comments about such schemes. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref57" rid="niceng226er2.ref57">Hinman 2016</a> Specific to this integrated programme. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref120" rid="niceng226er2.ref120">Stone 2017</a> had moderate limitations due to the methods used could not control for researcher bias. Generalisability may be limited due to the use of a convenience sample from a private medical office that only comprised of people with osteoarthritis with a relatively shorter mean during of osteoarthritis (due to the inclusion of an under-researched “younger adult” population with osteoarthritis). <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref128" rid="niceng226er2.ref128">Thorstensson 2006</a> had moderate limitations due to small number of participants (n=16) and the potential for researcher bias to influence patient statements.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(f)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab11_6"><p class="no_margin">The studies differed in whether they had received information from their HCP about exercising and how specific the details were.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(g)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab11_7"><p class="no_margin">Many of the studies were in countries other than the UK but the themes are relevant to the UK.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab12"><div id="niceng226er2.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: management of osteoarthritis flares</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Management of osteoarthritis flares</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus-groups (2 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There was little evidence about this, but one participant wanted explanation of why and how the dose should be increased when there is a flare-up and why it decreased afterwards. Another study found most consultations focused on the person’s presenting problem (typically a symptom flare) with less emphasis on long-term management.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about coherence<sup>b</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about relevance<sup>c</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about adequacy<sup>d</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> may have selection bias as the first people to arrive at the pharmacy were selected. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref108" rid="niceng226er2.ref108">Pitt 2008</a>: the study reported that the sample size was small but noted that increasing the size was unlikely to yield any additional information. However, convenience sampling of participants in this study may limit the generalisability of results.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">The two studies were not coherent.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> was based on a French population and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref108" rid="niceng226er2.ref108">Pitt 2008</a> an Australian population, so may not directly be applicable to the UK population.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab12_4"><p class="no_margin">Only two studies and only one participant mentioned it in one study.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab13"><div id="niceng226er2.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: referral</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Referral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus-groups (2 studies)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Referrals were often by sealed letter, and they felt left out of the process and wished more information.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about relevance<sup>b</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> may have selection bias as the first people to arrive at the pharmacy were selected. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref108" rid="niceng226er2.ref108">Pitt 2008</a>: the study reported that the sample size was small but noted that increasing the size was unlikely to yield any additional information. However, convenience sampling of participants in this study may limit the generalisability of results.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref12" rid="niceng226er2.ref12">Baumann 2007</a> was based on a French population and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref108" rid="niceng226er2.ref108">Pitt 2008</a> an Australian population, so may not directly be applicable to the UK population, particularly given the theme referral.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab14"><div id="niceng226er2.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgery. Subthemes: prior to surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A combination of individual interviews (1 study); individual interviews (5 studies) and focus-groups (2 studies); mixed method with semi-structured interviews (1 study)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People researched surgery through books, the internet and from learning from people they know. Advice on information about the surgical procedure, health maintenance issues, exercise, use of walking aids, weight control and symptom control were low and inconsistent education/information, guidance, advice, or support. One study found a video helped address knowledge gaps regarding surgery but shifted responsibility of decision-making from surgeons to themselves.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about adequacy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preparation and recovery from surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual interviews (1 study)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>They felt overwhelmed and anxious before surgery. This made retaining information they received difficult. Surgeons were key sources of information, and they wanted more information than they received.</p>
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<p>Information on pain expectations and pain management were required. A go to person would be useful to discuss pain and recovery. Knowing the recovery trajectory would also be useful.</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>b</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns about coherence</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup>c</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about adequacy<sup>d</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">The studies had minor limitations: the relationship between researcher and participants was not reported in a few studies (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref3" rid="niceng226er2.ref3">Al-Taiar 2013</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref5" rid="niceng226er2.ref5">Ali 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref32" rid="niceng226er2.ref32">Churchill 2020</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53">Hall 2008</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref70" rid="niceng226er2.ref70">Karlson 1997</a>). <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref38" rid="niceng226er2.ref38">Dosanjh 2009</a> had minor limitations due to potential influence of the researcher on the focus group and ethics approval not mentioned. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref60" rid="niceng226er2.ref60">Hudak 2002</a> The study notes that they could have been selecting a population that did not have sufficient information about the procedure or were basing it on a hypothetical that was not appropriate for them at this time. A second limitation was the extent to which assumptions are applicable to a wider population. The sample size was small, but note that all the themes could be seen. In the study design they exclude any participants who are unsure or would choose to have total joint arthroplasty, and so misses a fair amount of the population in their aim and makes the research less applicable. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref89" rid="niceng226er2.ref89">McHugh 2009</a>; the study notes that it is limited in its generalisability with the type of study design and small sample size, with selection bias. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref70" rid="niceng226er2.ref70">Karlson 1997</a>: results were given ‘semi-quantitively’ and were specifically related to total joint replacement. Minor limitations due to unclear recruitment method and a lack of ethics reporting. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref106" rid="niceng226er2.ref106">Parsons 2009</a> focused on a relatively small sample of people living with advanced osteoarthritis while awaiting total hip/knee replacement surgery, therefore it may lack generalisability.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref49" rid="niceng226er2.ref49">Goldsmith 2017</a> had minor limitations due to the role of the researcher not being adequately addressed.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">Theme not completely relevant to review as it is related to recovery from surgery.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab14_4"><p class="no_margin">Only one study contributed to the theme.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2tab15"><div id="niceng226er2.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Summary of the quality of evidence: knowledge and expectations of physiotherapy</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design and sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Findings</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies contributing to the finding</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rating</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall assessment of confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_5" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Knowledge and expectations of physiotherapy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual interviews (2 studies) and focus groups (1 study)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Some had little knowledge of physiotherapy, whereas others knew from previous treatments and preoperative education, but all felt it was beneficial for recovery. People with OA personalised plans and professionals’ opinions with an instructor was beneficial and physiotherapists felt targeted treatment to goals and interests and fitting into their daily life helped participant buy-in.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor limitations<sup>a</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about coherence<sup>b</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about relevance<sup>c</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng226er2.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns about adequacy</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53">Hall 2008</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref66" rid="niceng226er2.ref66">Kamsan 2020</a>: Minor limitations due to the relationship of the researcher not being discussed. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref53" rid="niceng226er2.ref53">Hall 2008</a>: used existing in-depth interview data from a prospective qualitative study. <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref37" rid="niceng226er2.ref37">Demierre 2011</a> had minor limitations due to unclear recruitment methods and the relationship of the researcher not being discussed. The study relates specifically to patients undergoing surgery.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">Variations in knowledge.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="niceng226er2.tab15_3"><p class="no_margin">Knowledge of physiotherapy after surgery may not be relevant to review and was downgraded.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2appetab1"><div id="niceng226er2.appe.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the qualitative review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.appe.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.appe.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Agrawal 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref1" rid="niceng226er2.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: not osteoarthritis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Al-Khlaifat 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref2" rid="niceng226er2.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: knowledge of management options to relieve symptoms in patients in the middle east</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anthierens 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref6" rid="niceng226er2.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: talks about information provision but in the context of academic detailers providing GPs with information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arslan 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref7" rid="niceng226er2.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: systematic review of quality indicators</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baird 2000<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref9" rid="niceng226er2.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: about the experience of living and dealing with OA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barker 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref10" rid="niceng226er2.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: not specifically osteoarthritis, and not all had been diagnosed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bayliss 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref13" rid="niceng226er2.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population and not relevant: not necessarily specific to OA, only one relevant theme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berkovic 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref14" rid="niceng226er2.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: about the experience of young people with OA in the workplace</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Booker 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref15" rid="niceng226er2.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: survey and interviews, which were not reported separately</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Booker 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref16" rid="niceng226er2.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: review of qualitative and quantitative studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bowden 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref17" rid="niceng226er2.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brembo 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref19" rid="niceng226er2.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: themes not relevant to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bunzli 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref21" rid="niceng226er2.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carpenter 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref24" rid="niceng226er2.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carr 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref25" rid="niceng226er2.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: only to do with designing of a ‘user interface’</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chabaud 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref26" rid="niceng226er2.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: semi-structured interviews were uninformative, does not report themes.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Che Hasan 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref28" rid="niceng226er2.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: specific to one programme</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Christiansen 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref30" rid="niceng226er2.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: about facilitators and barriers to physical therapy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Christiansen 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref31" rid="niceng226er2.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: themes not relevant to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chou 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref29" rid="niceng226er2.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cuperus 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref34" rid="niceng226er2.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: talks about information, but only in relation to the booklet</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Darlow 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref36" rid="niceng226er2.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: themes not relevant to review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Darlow 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref35" rid="niceng226er2.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: themes not relevant to review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dragoi 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref39" rid="niceng226er2.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: survey</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">du Long 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref40" rid="niceng226er2.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: survey</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Egerton 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref41" rid="niceng226er2.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: survey and interviews, which were not reported separately</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fedutes 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref44" rid="niceng226er2.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: survey</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frankel 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref45" rid="niceng226er2.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: Surgeons’ decision-making for giving patient total joint arthroplasty</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">French 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref46" rid="niceng226er2.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: Delphi survey</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fujita 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref47" rid="niceng226er2.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: Experiences before and after hip arthroplasty</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gignac 2006<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref48" rid="niceng226er2.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: is about signs and symptoms of OA rather than information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grime 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref50" rid="niceng226er2.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: summary of qualitative research</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gustaffson 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref51" rid="niceng226er2.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: experiences in perioperative period in replacement surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hall 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref52" rid="niceng226er2.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: abstract only, does not seem to be a qualitative study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hampson 1993<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref54" rid="niceng226er2.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: personal models of OA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hehl 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref55" rid="niceng226er2.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: reports strategies of communication accommodation rather than themes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hofstede 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref58" rid="niceng226er2.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: Rather than themes, the study has a list of survey items and ratings from participants regarding importance rather than themes.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holden 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref59" rid="niceng226er2.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: approaches to analgesic use</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurley 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref61" rid="niceng226er2.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:justify;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant and incorrect study design-about exercise interventions rather than general OA treatment/diagnosis process. Mixed methods study design.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jeon 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref63" rid="niceng226er2.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: specific to the website rather than general experience</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jinks 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref64" rid="niceng226er2.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: unclear if participants have OA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Johansson 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref65" rid="niceng226er2.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design - no themes reported, quantitative data only from survey responses</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kanavaki 2017<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref67" rid="niceng226er2.ref67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review which only briefly mentions information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kanavaki 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref68" rid="niceng226er2.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: systematic review protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Larsson 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref71" rid="niceng226er2.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: only relates to the specific patient education intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lavender 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref72" rid="niceng226er2.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: challenges of living with OA and explore how a peer mentorship intervention can support these challenges</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lawford 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref73" rid="niceng226er2.ref73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: themes not relevant to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lawford 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref75" rid="niceng226er2.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: themes not relevant to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lawford 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref74" rid="niceng226er2.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: only relates to specific intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ledingham 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref76" rid="niceng226er2.ref76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: exercise adherence and participants beliefs</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lenhard 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref77" rid="niceng226er2.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: only one theme relating to patient specific factors regarding intra-articular injections</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref78" rid="niceng226er2.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: talks about info but only in relation to the specific intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref80" rid="niceng226er2.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: survey</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lopez-Olivo 2022<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref81" rid="niceng226er2.ref81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: Includes people with OA, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MacFarlane 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref82" rid="niceng226er2.ref82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: physician-perceived benefits and drawbacks of offering intra-articular injections.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maly 2009<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref84" rid="niceng226er2.ref84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: about how participants interpret their symptoms to recognise knee OA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Manias 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref86" rid="niceng226er2.ref86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population and not relevant: includes people who may not have had osteoarthritis and talks about information but only with regards to medication.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Milder 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref92" rid="niceng226er2.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: no relevant themes. Study is about how patients make decisions about analgesics.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miller 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref93" rid="niceng226er2.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: barriers and facilitators to OA care</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moe 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref94" rid="niceng226er2.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus on programme design. No further information regarding themes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mora 2012<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref95" rid="niceng226er2.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: not qualitative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morden 2014<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref96" rid="niceng226er2.ref96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: most themes talk about information but only in terms of the specific intervention that had been developed as part of the study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mrklas 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref97" rid="niceng226er2.ref97"><sup>97</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: themes not relevant to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nelligan 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref98" rid="niceng226er2.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: themes not relevant to the review. Study about self-directed eHealth intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nilsing Strid 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref99" rid="niceng226er2.ref99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: varying needs for communication about sexual health</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ozkan 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref102" rid="niceng226er2.ref102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: survey</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Panter 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref103" rid="niceng226er2.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: survey</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Park 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref105" rid="niceng226er2.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: barriers and facilitators to physical activity</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pellinen 2016<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref106" rid="niceng226er2.ref106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: not qualitative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Porcheret 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref108" rid="niceng226er2.ref108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Power 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref109" rid="niceng226er2.ref109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: not about information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Radwin 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref110" rid="niceng226er2.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design and incorrect population: abstract only and does not specify OA, just arthritis.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rao 1998<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref111" rid="niceng226er2.ref111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: people with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid<br />arthritis. The majority of groups had RA and OA results generally not reported separately.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ryan 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref113" rid="niceng226er2.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: only 5 of the 13 patients have osteoarthritis, the other 8 have RA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saroop 2001<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref115" rid="niceng226er2.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: no qualitative data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Swardh 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref121" rid="niceng226er2.ref121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: themes not relevant to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tallon 2000 <a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref122" rid="niceng226er2.ref122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: not about information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tanimura 2011<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref123" rid="niceng226er2.ref123"><sup>123</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Teo 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref125" rid="niceng226er2.ref125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: experiences of physiotherapists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Teo 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref124" rid="niceng226er2.ref124"><sup>124</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: experiences of people having physiotherapy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tiffany 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref79" rid="niceng226er2.ref79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: specifically about patient reported outcome measures</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Traumer 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref128" rid="niceng226er2.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: motives of undergoing total knee replacement</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turner 2007<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref130" rid="niceng226er2.ref130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">About knowledge of OA (and diagnosis) rather than information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van de Velde 2018<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref129" rid="niceng226er2.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: only related to a specific intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Veale 2008<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref130" rid="niceng226er2.ref130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design and incorrect population - no qualitative themes and does not specify OA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Victor 2004<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref131" rid="niceng226er2.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: mixed methods but mostly quantitative, no themes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vina 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref132" rid="niceng226er2.ref132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design and not relevant: survey of ethnic differences in the use of exercise</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wallis 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref135" rid="niceng226er2.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: systematic review with no relevant themes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wallis 2020<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref133" rid="niceng226er2.ref133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: barriers and facilitators for referral to a specific programme in Denmark</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wallis 2021<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref134" rid="niceng226er2.ref134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: themes not relevant to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Washington 2015<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref136" rid="niceng226er2.ref136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design and not relevant: survey about decision aids</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Webber 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref137" rid="niceng226er2.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant: knowledge gap but in relation to physical activity and sedentary lifestyle</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Willis 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref140" rid="niceng226er2.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population: unclear if the population is OA specifically.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yilmaz 2005<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref139" rid="niceng226er2.ref139"><sup>139</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: no themes reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zornow 1973<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref143" rid="niceng226er2.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design: survey</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng226er2appetab2"><div id="niceng226er2.appe.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Studies identified but not extracted due to saturation</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK590295/table/niceng226er2.appe.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng226er2.appe.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topic</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zaidi 2013<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref142" rid="niceng226er2.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources for deciding on surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">O’Brien 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref100" rid="niceng226er2.ref100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patient factors for deciding on surgery</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2019<a class="bibr" href="#niceng226er2.ref116" rid="niceng226er2.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng226er2.appe.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information for deciding on surgery</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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