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specialist settings" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK588196_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for skills required by staff in specialist settings</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Self-harm: assessment, management and preventing recurrence</div><p><b>Evidence review P</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 225</i></p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2022 Sep</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-4702-7</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2022.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="bcms6511.s1"><h2 id="_bcms6511_s1_">Skills required by staff in specialist settings</h2><div id="bcms6511.s1.1"><h3>Review question</h3><p>What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</p><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Specialist mental health staff are likely to work with people who self-harm and require a range of specific skills in order to ensure a high quality of care. Therefore, the objective of this review is to identify the views and preferences of specialist staff, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for specialist staff who assess and treat people who have self-harmed.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figbcms6511tab1" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of Population, Phenomenon of interest and Context (PPC) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figbcms6511tab1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figbcms6511tab1" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. Summary of the protocol (PPC table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="bcms6511.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PPC table). </p></div></div><p>For further details see the review protocol in <a href="#bcms6511.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.3"><h4>Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#bcms6511.appa">appendix A</a> and the <a href="/books/NBK588196/bin/NG225_Supplement1_Methods.pdf">methods</a> document (supplementary document 1).</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/about/who-we-are/policies-and-procedures" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NICE’s conflicts of interest policy</a>.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.4"><h4>Qualitative evidence</h4><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.4.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>The qualitative aspects of 4 mixed-methods studies (Berger 2014, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref12" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref12">Hom 2020a</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref13" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref13">Hom 2020b</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref14" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref14">Idenfors 2015</a>) and 32 qualitative studies in 34 articles (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref1" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref1">Alonzo 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref2" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref2">Awenat 2017</a>, Behrman 2019, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref3" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref3">Berg 2020</a>, Borrill 2005, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref4" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref4">Christianson 2008</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref5" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref5">Craigen 2009</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref6" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref6">de Stefano 2012</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref7" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref7">Dunkley 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref8" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref8">Dunkley 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref9" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref9">Hagen 2017a</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref11" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref11">Hagen 2017b</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref10" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref10">Hagen 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref15" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref15">Karman 2015</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref16" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref16">Kelada 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref17" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref17">Kool 2009</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref18" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref18">Lahoz 2020</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref19" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref19">Lees 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref20" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref20">Lindgren 2004</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref21" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref21">Littlewood 2019</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref22" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref22">Long 2010</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref23" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref23">McGough 2021</a>, Mughal 2021, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref24" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref24">O’Donovan 2007</a>, Omerov 2020, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref25" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref25">Rissanen 2012</a>, Rowe 2017, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref26" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref26">Simoes 2020</a>, Storey 2005, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref27" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref27">Talseth 2001</a>, Te Maro 2019, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref28" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref28">Vatne 2016</a>, Wadman 2018, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref29" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref29">Wilstrand 2007</a>) were included for this review. Two articles reported results from the same study (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref7" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref7">Dunkley 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref8" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref8">Dunkley 2018</a>), and another 2 articles reported results from overlapping populations from the same study (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref9" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref9">Hagen 2017a</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref11" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref11">Hagen 2017b</a>).</p><p>The included studies are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figbcms6511tab2" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><p>The studies were carried out in the following countries: UK (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref2" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref2">Awenat 2017</a>, Borrill 2005, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref7" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref7">Dunkley 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref8" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref8">Dunkley 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref21" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref21">Littlewood 2019</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref22" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref22">Long 2010</a>, Mughal 2021, Storey 2005, Wadman 2018); Australia (Berger 2014, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref16" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref16">Kelada 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref19" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref19">Lees 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref23" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref23">McGough 2021</a>); Canada (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref4" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref4">Christianson 2008</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref6" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref6">de Stefano 2012</a>); Denmark (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref18" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref18">Lahoz 2020</a>); Finland (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref25" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref25">Rissanen 2012</a>); Ireland (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref24" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref24">O’Donovan 2007</a>); the Netherlands (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref15" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref15">Karman 2015</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref17" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref17">Kool 2009</a>); New Zealand (Rowe 2017, Te Maro 2019); Norway (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref3" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref3">Berg 2020</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref9" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref9">Hagen 2017a</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref11" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref11">Hagen 2017b</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref10" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref10">Hagen 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref27" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref27">Talseth 2001</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref28" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref28">Vatne 2016</a>); Portugal (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref26" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref26">Simoes 2020</a>); Sweden (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref14" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref14">Idenfors 2015</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref20" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref20">Lindgren 2004</a>, Omerov 2020, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref29" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref29">Wilstrand 2007</a>); USA (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref1" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref1">Alonzo 2017</a>, Behrman 2019, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref5" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref5">Craigen 2009</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref12" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref12">Hom 2020a</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref13" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref13">Homa 2020b</a>).</p><p>Studies exploring views and preferences regarding skills of specialist mental health staff regardless of setting were included in this review. At the time of agreeing the protocol, the objective of the review was to identify the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed. However, the committee later agreed the best way to summarise evidence regarding staff skills would be according to the specialty of the staff rather than the setting, because some non-specialist staff may work in specialist settings, and it would be inappropriate to suggest they should have the same skillset as specialist mental health staff. Therefore, this review summarised evidence regarding skills required by specialist mental health staff, while another review was conducted to summarise evidence regarding skills required by non-specialist staff (see Evidence Report R). A sense check was done to see whether summarising the evidence according to setting would have shown an important difference between the skills required by staff in specialist settings and those required by staff in non-specialist settings, however this instead showed significant overlap between groups. On the other hand, while the requested training and desired skills of specialist and non-specialist staff were similar, the specialty of the staff member determined many of the subtle differences between themes, such as their understanding of why people self-harm and need for training in this area.</p><p>Of the specialist settings, the following were represented in the included studies:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>inpatient healthcare:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>open and locked psychiatric wards including acute wards, crisis units, general psychiatric wards, rehabilitation wards, units for psychosis, adolescent psychiatry departments, or other specialized wards: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref3" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref3">Berg 2020</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref9" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref9">Hagen 2017a</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref11" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref11">Hagen 2017b</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref10" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref10">Hagen 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref24" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref24">O’Donovan 2007</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref25" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref25">Rissanen 2012</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref28" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref28">Vatne 2016</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref29" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref29">Wilstrand 2007</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>psychiatric inpatient hospitals: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref27" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref27">Talseth 2001</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mental health clinics: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref2" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref2">Awenat 2017</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>suicide prevention clinics: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref18" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref18">Lahoz 2020</a></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>outpatient healthcare:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mental health clinics: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref1" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref1">Alonzo 2017</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>psychiatric outpatient care: Omerov 2020</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>voluntary and private counselling sectors: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref22" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref22">Long 2010</a></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>inpatient and outpatient healthcare:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>psychiatric intensive treatment centre with an inpatient and an outpatient clinic: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref17" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref17">Kool 2009</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>inpatient and outpatient mental health facilities: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref15" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref15">Karman 2015</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>inpatient & outpatient psychiatric care: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref20" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref20">Lindgren 2004</a></div></li></ul></div></li></ul></p><p>The following non-specialist settings were represented in the included studies:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>healthcare:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>primary care: Mughal 2021</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>emergency departments (EDs): Storey 2015</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>inpatient service rooms or outpatient consultation offices: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref26" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref26">Simoes 2020</a></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>community:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>residential settings or in the community: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref12" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref12">Hom 2020a</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref13" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref13">Hom 2020b</a>, Rowe 2017</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>foster care or residential homes for looked after children and young people: Wadman 2018</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>education:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>secondary education: Berger 2014, Te Maro 2019</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>state and private schools: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref16" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref16">Kelada 2017</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>university: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref4" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref4">Christianson 2008</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref5" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref5">Craigen 2009</a></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>prison: Borrill 2005</div></li></ul></p><p>Six studies represented mixed settings:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mixed non-specialist:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>healthcare - outpatient (primary care) and community: Behrman 2019</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>community (addictions services) and education (high schools; university counselling centres; community colleges; specialised schools for students with behavioural problems): <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref6" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref6">De Stefano 2012</a></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mixed specialist:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>adult community and inpatient settings within a public mental health service: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref19" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref19">Lees 2014</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>community (crisis and home treatment teams; community mental health teams), inpatient (mental health units), and outpatient (psychological services): <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref21" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref21">Littlewood 2019</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>community (mental health community treatment teams; an assessment and brief intervention team; an assertive outreach team), inpatient (psychiatric inpatient units; a psychiatric intensive care unit; a mother and baby mental health inpatient unit), and outpatient (psychological therapies services): <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref7" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref7">Dunkley 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref8" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref8">Dunkley 2018</a></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mixed specialist and non-specialist:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>ED, psychiatric emergency services, child and adolescent psychiatry clinic, and a psychiatric inpatient ward: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref14" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref14">Idenfors 2015</a></div></li></ul></div></li></ul></p><p>One study did not explicitly report the setting and it was unclear from the information reported (<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref23" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref23">McGough 2021</a>).</p><p>The studies included people in the following population groups:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed: Berger 2014, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref6" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref6">de Stefano 2012</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref15" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref15">Karman 2015</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref22" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref22">Long 2010</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref23" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref23">McGough 2021</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref24" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref24">O’Donovan 2007</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref25" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref25">Rissanen 2012</a>, Te Maro 2019, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref29" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref29">Wilstrand 2007</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients, including those with suicidal ideation: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref1" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref1">Alonzo 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref2" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref2">Awenat 2017</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref3" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref3">Berg 2020</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref4" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref4">Christianson 2008</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref9" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref9">Hagen 2017a</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref11" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref11">Hagen 2017b</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref18" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref18">Lahoz 2020</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref21" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref21">Littlewood 2019</a>, Omerov 2020, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref27" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref27">Talseth 2001</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>people who have self-harmed: Borrill 2005, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref5" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref5">Craigen 2009</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref12" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref12">Hom 2020a</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref13" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref13">Hom 2020b</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref14" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref14">Idenfors 2015</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref17" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref17">Kool 2009</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref20" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref20">Lindgren 2004</a>, Mughal 2021, Rowe 2017, Storey 2005, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref28" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref28">Vatne 2016</a>, Wadman 2018</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>people with suicidal ideation or attempt: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref10" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref10">Hagen 2018</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref26" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref26">Simoes 2020</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>mixed populations:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>specialist staff who work with people who have self-harmed and parents/carers of people who have self-harmed: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref16" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref16">Kelada 2017</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients, including those with suicidal ideation: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref7" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref7">Dunkley 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref8" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref8">Dunkley 2018</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>people with suicidal ideation or attempt and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients, including those with suicidal ideation: <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref19" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref19">Lees 2014</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>people with suicidal ideation or attempt, family members/ carers of people who had died by suicide or were receiving mental health care, and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients, including those with suicidal ideation: Behrman 2019</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></p><p>Any studies including family members/ carers of people with suicidal ideation or who had died by suicide, people with suicidal ideation or attempt (which did not specify whether the patients had self-harmed), or specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (which did not specify whether the patients had self-harmed) were marked down for relevance, but not excluded if it was unclear whether the patients had self-harmed.</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#bcms6511.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#bcms6511.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.4.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review are listed, and reasons for their exclusion are provided in <a href="#bcms6511.appj">appendix J</a>.</p></div></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.5"><h4>Summary of included studies</h4><p>Summaries of the studies that were included in this review are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figbcms6511tab2" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figbcms6511tab2"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figbcms6511tab2" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of included studies." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="bcms6511.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies. </p></div></div><p>See the full evidence tables in <a href="#bcms6511.appd">appendix D</a>.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.6"><h4>Summary of the evidence</h4><p>The required skills identified in the included studies fell under 4 main themes – expertise, engagement with the patient, sensitivity, and self-preservation. A total of 19 subthemes were associated with the 4 main themes, and these are all illustrated in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK588196/figure/bcms6511.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figbcms6511fig1" rid-ob="figobbcms6511fig1">Figure 1</a> and summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figbcms6511tab3" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab3">Table 3</a>. All subgroups were represented in the evidence: specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed; specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients; people who have self-harmed; people with suicidal ideation or attempt; family members/ carers of people who have self-harmed; family members/ carers of people who had died by suicide or were receiving mental health care. Family members/ carers were the least well represented amongst the studies identified, and were only represented in mixed populations.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figbcms6511fig1" co-legend-rid="figlgndbcms6511fig1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/figure/bcms6511.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figbcms6511fig1" rid-ob="figobbcms6511fig1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK588196/bin/bcms6511f1.gif" src-large="/books/NBK588196/bin/bcms6511f1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Theme chart." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndbcms6511fig1"><h4 id="bcms6511.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/figure/bcms6511.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobbcms6511fig1">Figure 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Theme chart. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figbcms6511tab3"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figbcms6511tab3" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Summary of subthemes and subgroups." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="bcms6511.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of subthemes and subgroups. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#bcms6511.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE CERQual tables.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.7"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.7.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>A single economic search was undertaken for all topics included in the scope of this guideline but no economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question. See the literature search strategy in <a href="#bcms6511.appb">appendix B</a> and economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#bcms6511.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.7.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Economic studies not included in the guideline economic literature review are listed, and reasons for their exclusion are provided in <a href="#bcms6511.appj">appendix J</a>.</p></div></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.8"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.9"><h4>Evidence statements</h4><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.9.1"><h5>Economic</h5><p>No economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion and interpretation of the evidence</h4><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.10.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The aim of this review question was to identify what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed. The committee agreed that any differentiation between required skills would likely be due to staff specialty rather than setting specialty, because specialist staff may work in non-specialist settings. As a result, the views of people who have self-harmed, specialist staff who assess and treat them, and their family members/ carers were considered the most important for this question. The committee suggested potential themes which may have arisen from the evidence such as empathy and knowledge but did not want to constrain the question; therefore, any views and preferences about specialist staff skills regarded as useful/ not useful or important/ not important by the population were included.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.10.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>When assessed using GRADE CERQual methodology the evidence was found to range in quality from very low to moderate quality, with most of the evidence being of moderate quality. The recommendations were drafted mostly based on the evidence but in some parts supplemented accordingly with the committee’s own expertise.</p><p>In some cases, the evidence was downgraded due to poor applicability where the themes were not based on any research from a UK context, or where studies included the following participants: specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (which did not specify whether the patients had self-harmed); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (which did not specify whether they had self-harmed); family members/ carers of people who had died by suicide or were receiving mental health care. It was noted where studies were conducted in non-specialist settings, but studies were not downgraded for applicability solely due to this. Some downgrading for adequacy occurred when the richness or quantity of the data was low. Other issues resulting in downgrading were methodological problems that may have had an impact on the findings (for example due to ethical issues, lack of discussion of author reflexivity, and/ or bias arising through study design, recruitment or data collection processes), and/ or for incoherence within the findings.</p><p>The committee discussed the fact that some of the evidence came from specialist staff who worked in settings where they were likely to work with people who had self-harmed, but had not expressly done so, and found that the majority of themes that were reported by staff who worked with suicidal patients more generally were also reported by staff who had specifically worked with people who had self-harmed. Additionally, themes identified in studies with moderate or serious methodological issues were also found in studies with little to no methodological issues, and reflected the committee’s own knowledge and experience. For this reason, the committee felt comfortable making recommendations based on the themes identified within this review.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.10.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>The recommendations about training for staff who work with people who have self-harmed were based on the evidence regarding both specialist and non-specialist staff (see evidence review R), which showed there was a significant overlap between the kind of training which was considered useful for mental health, healthcare professionals and social care practitioners, and non-healthcare professionals to have when working with people who have self-harmed. Many of the identified themes and sub-themes in this review were similar to those identified in the non-specialist staff review, with some differences between sub-themes relating to the level of detail or specific needs of mental health staff. People who had self-harmed and staff in both reviews felt it was important for both specialist and non-specialist staff to have formal training on how to work with people who have self-harmed to address the areas where skills needed developing, as evidenced by the sub-themes ‘formal training for/ experience working with people who have self-harmed’ from the specialist review, and ‘formal training on working with people who have self-harmed’ from the non-specialist review. The recommendation that families and carers should be involved in the development and delivery of training was based on the evidence overall, which showed that many people who had self-harmed and their family members and carers had strong opinions on the skills they felt specialist and non-specialist staff should have, and that they often felt staff delivery of care was inadequate due to a lack of person-centred training. The committee agreed that there should be service user input on the content of training, to ensure the training is delivered based on what service users want and need, thereby improving care delivery and service user satisfaction. The committee also agreed that the staff receiving the training should be included in its planning and delivery based on the evidence, which broadly showed that many staff did not have the skills that the committee felt should be standard practice, or were dissatisfied with the training they were currently receiving. Involving the staff in training planning and delivery will ensure specific areas of training needs as identified by the staff are addressed. The recommendation that training should be delivered in a range of formats was based on evidence from the sub-themes ‘formal training for/ experience working with people who have self-harmed’ from the specialist review, and ‘formal training on working with people who have self-harmed’ from the non-specialist review, which showed that specialist and non-specialist staff wanted training to be available in a number of different formats, including through the provision of resources in plain language. Non-specialist staff emphasised the utility of role-playing in particular as an important training tool that allowed them to empathise and communicate with patients more effectively. The committee supplemented this evidence with their experience of training and agreed that it should be provided in multiple formats to both specialist and non-specialist staff, because different formats enhance different skills, and to ensure training is accessible for all. The committee agreed that training for all staff working with people who had self-harmed should explore any biases, so they can be eradicated in order for staff to be able to deliver compassionate care. This recommendation was based on the evidence from both this and the non-specialist skills reviews, which showed that judgmental attitudes and stigma persisted in some staff members, and the committee’s knowledge that these views largely cause harm to people who have self-harmed and prevent staff providing adequate care and support. The committee discussed the overlap between the specialist and non-specialist skills reviews and agreed that, while the evidence showed that similar skills were required by mental health, healthcare professionals and social care practitioners, and non-healthcare professionals, there would be different levels of skill required for each group of people, regardless of setting. For example, teachers and other educational staff would not be expected to have in-depth mental health training in the way that school counsellors would. The committee agreed that it would be unreasonable and impractical to expect all staff who work with people who have self-harmed to receive the same training, as this would result in some non-specialist staff members having an inappropriate level of responsibility. The committee agreed the list of topics they recommended training should cover addressed all the skills that both specialist and non-specialist staff indicated they needed in the evidence, however they agreed that this list should be considered by those running the training to ensure the training would be appropriate to the staffs’ level of responsibility. The committee discussed the fact that even specialist staff felt unequipped to effectively care for people who had self-harmed because their mental health training had not specifically addressed self-harm, and agreed this carried risks of specialist staff providing inadequate care. As a result, the committee agreed that all staff who work with people who self-harm should receive regular, ongoing training to ensure staff skills were kept up to date in line with any changing areas of practice.</p><p>The recommendation listing topics to cover in training was based on the evidence, which showed there was a multitude of skills that both specialist and non-specialist staff felt they needed, and the committee’s knowledge of skills that are important to have when working with people who have self-harmed.</p><p>Non-specialist staff wanted general training on self-harm, and the committee agreed that training for all staff should include information on the range of behaviours that can be considered self-harm, as this would enable them to recognise self-harm in both clinical and non-clinical settings, and to understand how self-harm can differ according to factors such as age or coexisting conditions.</p><p>The recommendation that staff should have training in treating and managing self-harm was based on evidence from the sub-themes ‘understanding of techniques to manage self-harm’ from Evidence Review P and ‘ability to recommend coping techniques’ from Evidence Review R. Specialist staff and the patients they worked with felt it was important for specialist staff to be able to supplement an interpersonal or therapeutic alliance strategy with symptom reduction techniques, including coping techniques. Specialist staff had a nuanced consideration for the need to balance ‘direct’ treatment, which focuses on preventing self-harm, with ‘indirect’ treatment, which focuses on managing the desire to self-harm by focusing on underlying issues related to self-harm. People who had self-harmed agreed that staff should have the skills to explore multiple different management techniques. Non-specialist staff echoed the need for training in order to be able to recommend coping strategies or provide brief therapeutic interventions, though they were less specific about what they thought this type of training should entail. People who had self-harmed agreed that non-specialist staff should be able to provide advice regarding the management of self-harm. The committee agreed that all staff should have training on how to treat or manage an episode of self-harm in order to provide staff with the tools to prevent repeat self-harm, but agreed that this training would be far more detailed for mental health staff, who would primarily be responsible for delivering this kind of care. The committee also discussed the sub-theme ‘preventing further self-harm during care’ from Evidence Review R, which found that non-specialist staff wanted training in de-escalation, and agreed that this was a useful skill for non-specialist staff to have because of their likelihood to encounter people who were distressed or aggressive. The committee agreed that training in de-escalation would result in lower levels of distress and reduced rates of self-harm or other violence without resorting to restrictive measures.</p><p>The recommendation about openly discussing self-harm with the person was informed by evidence from the sub-themes ‘sensitively approaching the subject of self-harm’ from the Evidence Review P, and ‘evasive versus candid’ from Evidence Review R. Specialist staff had mixed feelings regarding the best method to approach sensitive subjects, but they mostly agreed that being risk-averse by avoiding discussing self-harm or suicidality was a barrier to effective care. Some non-specialist staff agreed that it was important to discuss sensitive topics openly, but others expressed that they were fearful of causing distress or being responsible for repeat self-harm or suicide, or lacked the confidence to address the issue at all. The committee discussed the potential risks of openly discussing self-harm with patients, such as distressing those who prefer to avoid the subject, but agreed that the risks of staff not openly discussing self-harm as found in the evidence (such as a lack of engagement with care, patient dissatisfaction, and repeat self-harm or suicide if these topics were not adequately explored with patients) outweighed these. The committee also agreed that the recommendation that people who have self-harmed should receive follow-up aftercare would mitigate the risk of distress after openly discussing self-harm with staff. People who had self-harmed largely agreed that they wanted to talk about their feelings regarding self-harm or suicidality and that being encouraged to do so by staff had the benefit of de-stigmatising sensitive topics and allowing them to engage with the staff member and thereby, their own care. The recommendation about open discussion of the reasons for self-harm was also based on the sub-themes ‘ability to recognise and treat the underlying causes of self-harm’ from Evidence Review P, and ‘ability to recognise the underlying causes of self-harm’ from Evidence Review R, which showed that most people who had self-harmed often found it therapeutic when staff attempted to understand their reasoning for self-harm and allowed them to receive the appropriate care. Although specialist staff had conflicting views about whether care should strictly follow formal treatment approaches or be informed by the individual’s underlying causes, most specialist and non-specialist staff agreed that it was important to address potential triggers or issues that might be meaningful for the patient.</p><p>The sub-themes ‘collaborating to provide personalised care’ from Evidence Review P and ‘being collaborative’ from Evidence Review R showed that people who had self-harmed wanted to be involved in decisions regarding their care and that standardised care which did not consider their individual needs and preferences were unhelpful and felt impersonal. Most specialist staff also felt that care that was tailored to the patient provided important benefits, and that personalised care was an important skill to develop. The sub-theme ‘mutual understanding of goals’ further provided evidence that specialist staff and people who had self-harmed valued joint decision-making and collaboratively working towards goals, because this provided the benefit of improved care that utilised the individual’s abilities. The committee agreed that all staff should be trained in providing collaborative care and involving people in decision-making to improve service user satisfaction and engagement with care. The sub-themes ‘sensitively approaching the subject of self-harm’ from this review and ‘making time for the patient’ from Evidence Review R also showed that both people who had self-harmed and staff felt it was important that adequate time was allocated to discussing self-harm and decision-making. The committee agreed that training on why this was important and how to balance time constraints with the necessity of addressing peoples’ concerns regarding self-harm or suicidality would allow patients to feel heard and understood without being rushed or encouraged to explore distressing topics without adequate time to regain composure afterwards.</p><p>The evidence showed that communication was a key skill that affected every aspect of care from the perspective of specialist and non-specialist staff, people who have self-harmed, and their family and carers, as evidenced in the sub-theme ‘creating an open line of communication’ present in both reviews. The sub-theme ‘building mutual trust’ from the specialist review also showed that people who had self-harmed and specialist staff found that good communication and mutual honesty was key to building trust between service users and caregivers. The evidence also showed that the reverse was true; mutual trust allowed people who had self-harmed to communicate more openly with staff. Participants in the majority of studies referenced active listening as a key skill that allowed staff to fully understand and engage with patients and allowed people who had self-harmed and their family members and carers to be more open and honest about their experiences and feel as though they had been understood, which facilitated their engagement with treatment. Empathy, positivity, and hopeful communication were considered important by staff and patient participants in both this and the non-specialist skills review. The committee used this evidence to inform recommendations throughout the entire review, including the recommendation that information and support should be given to people who have self-harmed in a sensitive and empathetic manner, and in the spirit of hope and optimism. The committee agreed that staff should be trained to communicate compassionately, which they agreed should encompass the principles of empathy, sensitivity, and positivity. Evidence from the sub-theme ‘fostering a therapeutic relationship’ in this review also showed that open communication between staff and patients facilitated the creation of a personal connection, which provided a therapeutic benefit in its own right. Evidence from this sub-theme also showed that specialist staff thought that ending the therapeutic relationship was an important skill. The committee agreed that the ending of a therapeutic relationship is a core competence for the delivery of care and therefore all staff who spend significant time with an individual who has self-harmed should have this skill, such as staff who provide psychosocial interventions. The committee also discussed evidence from the sub-themes ‘ability to read non-verbal cues’ from this review and ‘ability to accurately assess risk of self-harm’ from the non-specialist review, and agreed that training around communication should cover non-verbal communication so staff would be able to interpret cues from patients more effectively, improving communication skills and allowing staff to more easily detect indicators of distress or intent to self-harm.</p><p>There was some low-quality evidence from the sub-theme ‘cultural sensitivity’ which showed people who had self-harmed and specialist staff wanted staff to be culturally competent and able to recognise when the person’s background may intersect with their self-harm. This was supplemented by evidence from the sub-theme ‘Minority support - cultural sensitivity, language’ in the review on information and support needs of people who have self-harmed (Evidence report A). The committee discussed the fact that cultural competence included understanding of religious, racial, cultural, sex and gender identity, educational, and economic factors, and agreed that these were likely to influence how a person might react to care, and potentially interact with their reasons for self-harming. The committee therefore agreed that all training on working with people who have self-harmed should be culturally competent so they would be able to recognise these factors and provide sensitive care, despite the low quality of the evidence.</p><p>The recommendation about education on factors, triggers or motives for self-harm was based on the sub-themes ‘ability to recognise and treat the underlying causes of self-harm’ from Evidence Review P, and ‘ability to recognise the underlying causes of self-harm’ from Evidence Review R, which showed that most people who had self-harmed thought it was important that staff understood the reasons why people self-harm (even if they could not personally empathise) without making assumptions which the committee noted were usually rooted in stigma. Non-specialist staff wanted general training on the reasons why people self-harm, and the committee agreed that training should include information such as why people self-harm, as this would help tackle any existing stigma that staff members may have. They agreed this would also help staff develop the skill to explore the reasons for each episode of self-harm, which would allow them to provide more person-centred care.</p><p>The committee also discussed the evidence from the sub-themes ‘being non-judgmental’ from the specialist review, and ‘positive attitude’ from the non-specialist review, which showed that people who had self-harmed wanted to be treated with dignity and felt that compassionate care was an important skill for staff to have, including the avoidance of stigmatising, accusatory, or negative views that could otherwise cause distress or discourage the disclosure of self-harm. Specialist staff agreed that overcoming any negative perceptions of self-harm was an important part of their training, and that it allowed them to deliver a better quality of care to people who had self-harmed. Non-specialist staff also felt it was important to develop their personal attitudes towards self-harm, and that a change in attitude to be more understanding improved their caring ability and communication skills. The committee discussed the need for training to address myths surrounding self-harm, such as the myth that talking about self-harm could ‘plant’ the idea of self-harm or encourage it in patients, which was an idea expressed by non-specialist staff in the sub-theme ‘evasive versus candid’ from the non-specialist skills review. The recommendation that staff should receive training about the stigma associated with self-harm was therefore based on the evidence and these discussions.</p><p>The recommendation about training on comorbidities was based on the evidence from the sub-themes ‘ability to recognise and treat the underlying causes of self-harm’ from Evidence Review P, and ‘ability to recognise the underlying causes of self-harm’ from Evidence Review R. Specialist and non-specialist staff, people who had self-harmed, and their family members and carers all had mixed opinions regarding the utility of diagnosis of coexisting conditions. The committee discussed the risks of a reliance on diagnosis when treating self-harm as identified by the evidence, which included the potential for misdiagnosis, dismissing patient concerns, and diminishing the impact of self-harm to merely a symptom of another condition. The committee agreed based on their knowledge and expertise that self-harm should be treated as a phenomenon in its own right so care can be provided that specifically addresses managing self-harm instead of another condition. However, the evidence showed that some people who had self-harmed found it validating to receive a diagnosis and empowering to have the vocabulary to describe their experiences. Non-specialist staff also felt that diagnostic knowledge in relation to self-harm would improve their assessment skills and their ability to provide appropriate care. Both specialist and non-specialist staff also wanted training in identifying dual diagnoses, including drug or alcohol abuse. The committee agreed that training all staff who worked with people who have self-harmed on the impact of other diagnoses would provide significant benefits, including the ability to recognise both the benefits and limitations of diagnosing comorbidities when someone has presented for self-harm.</p><p>The sub-themes ‘ability to balance autonomy and safety’ from Evidence Review P and ‘preventing further self-harm during care’ from Evidence Review R showed that all staff who worked with people who had self-harmed often found it difficult to balance the need to uphold the patient’s autonomy with the need to maintain their physical safety. Staff had mixed views, which highlighted the risks and benefits of both overly coercive or risk-averse approaches, and under-protective approaches. Non-specialist staff in particular said they often prioritised the prevention of further self-harm over preservation of the patient’s autonomy and dignity, which usually required staff to use coercive measures. The committee discussed the fact that being overly risk-averse could prevent repeat self-harm and suicidality in the short-term, and provided the benefit of setting behavioural limits and establishing consequences for people who might not feel capable of setting limits for themselves. However, the committee agreed based on their experience that this approach usually came at the expense of the person’s autonomy and dignity, which could result in raised levels of distress, patient dissatisfaction, an unwillingness to engage with care, and usually repeat self-harm in the long-term. The committee also felt that coercive measures could lead to suicide if the person who had self-harmed was less likely to engage with services out of fear of being subject to coercion. The evidence from people who had self-harmed supported this conclusion, as they expressed forceful measures to prevent self-harm such as involuntary hospitalisation, coercion and loss of confidentiality often broke their trust in services or staff members and dissuaded them from engaging with services in the future. Additionally, the sub-theme ‘building mutual trust’ showed that people who had self-harmed felt that trust could be broken when staff members used restrictive or coercive measures. People who had self-harmed also felt valued when less restrictive measures such as positive risk-taking were used, and felt this could help prevent repeat self-harm in the long term because they were invited to take responsibility for their own actions, which helped them learn how to continue to resist self-harm in daily life without the involvement of staff. The committee also discussed the evidence that less restrictive measures encouraged help-seeking in people who had self-harmed, and helped dissuade people from lying about their intent to repeat self-harm for fear of negative repercussions. Overall, the committee agreed that all staff who worked with people who have self-harmed should have training to help them understand the fact that there needed to be a balance between using restrictive measures to forcefully prevent the patient hurting themselves, and allowing patients the opportunity to manage self-harm on their own. The committee agreed that this should provide non-specialist staff in particular with information about least restrictive measures, potentially lowering rates of repeat self-harm while maintaining the person’s autonomy.</p><p>Both specialist and non-specialist staff indicated the need for risk assessment skills when working with people who have self-harmed. In the non-specialist review, the sub-theme ‘ability to accurately assess risk of self-harm’ showed that non-specialist staff considered risk assessment to be a pivotal part of their role in order to recognise when people had self-harmed or were likely to self-harm. The ability to assess the person’s safety is an important skill for non-specialist staff to develop, but the committee agreed that methods of risk assessment typically used by non-specialist staff (such as the use of risk assessment tools and scales) were inaccurate and inadequate. The committee agreed it is particularly important for non-specialist staff to receive training which re-focused assessment from ‘risk’ towards the needs, vulnerabilities, and safety of the person, in order to reduce reliance on outdated tools (see evidence report G for more information). The committee agreed with the evidence from sub-theme ‘formal training on working with people who have self-harmed’ from the non-specialist review, which showed that this kind of training should include early detection of self-harm, enabling staff to help young patients develop safer methods to process emotional distress, potentially reducing the likelihood of repeat self-harm later in life. The committee also agreed that non-specialist staff having assessment skills would allow them to correctly identify self-harm and therefore provide appropriate care in a variety of settings such as community pharmacies, EDs and primary care. There was evidence that people who had self-harmed also thought it was important for non-specialist staff to be able to detect high levels of distress, suicidal behaviour or ideation that could lead to self-harm, and the committee agreed this should be a part of any training regarding assessment, so staff can act preventatively. The committee agreed that training on assessment should be appropriate to the role of the staff member and adhere to the recommendations as set out in the relevant section in the guideline (sections 1.5 to 1.8). In the specialist staff review, mental health staff referred to the need to assess risk of self-harm accurately in a number of sub-themes, including ‘formal training for/ experience working with people who have self-harmed’ and ‘ability to read non-verbal cues’, and spoke about assessment, including risk assessment, broadly as an important factor that enabled them to provide care more effectively at every stage. The committee agreed that specialist staff needed assessment skills but felt that assessment by mental health staff should re-focus on the need to provide a full psychosocial assessment, which should include an assessment of the person’s needs, vulnerabilities, and safety as part of a wider investigation. The committee agreed that risk should never be assessed in isolation of other factors, and that mental health staff should also be able to contextualise a person’s risks and difficulties in relation to their experiences, strengths, and resources, in order to inform their treatment plan. As a result, a separate recommendation was made about mental health staff receiving additional training on how to conduct a full psychosocial assessment and risk formulation for people who have self-harmed, which would not usually be within the responsibility of non-specialist staff.</p><p>The recommendation about formal processes was based on the sub-themes ‘awareness of legal responsibilities’ from the specialist review, and ‘knowledge of formal processes’ and ‘ensuring continuity of care paths’ from the non-specialist review. The evidence showed that specialist staff thought it was important to be aware of their legal responsibilities and which procedures they were legally required to do when caring for people who had self-harmed, although staff participants had mixed feelings about how helpful legal procedures were for the patients themselves. Despite the mixed evidence, the committee agreed that it was important for staff to be aware of relevant legislation in case of an adverse event and to ensure that staff feel confident in their provision of care when working with people who have self-harmed. Some specialist staff additionally wanted clearer information regarding setting-specific policies, in particular mental health staff who worked in schools. Non-specialist staff similarly wanted training on mental health legislation and setting-specific policies when working with people who had self-harmed, including information on sedation and how to balance legal requirements with knowledge of best practise. The committee agreed that it was important for staff to be aware of any setting-specific policies regarding self-harm to ensure consistency of care for all patients and improve staff confidence levels. Non-specialist staff additionally wanted more information about care pathways, including how, when, and who to refer patients who had self-harmed on to. These participants as well as people who had self-harmed wanted to ensure that there were no gaps between services to ensure continuity of care, seamless transition between services, and that people receive the correct care as appropriate for them. People who had self-harmed additionally felt dismissed when they were signposted to other healthcare services unnecessarily after presentation for self-harm, which the committee agreed would be resolved by training about when referral was and was not appropriate. The committee added that people should have training on the layout of settings based on their knowledge that familiarity with a setting improved staff confidence when working within specific settings.</p><p>The committee discussed the usage of security staff for observation of people who have self-harmed, and agreed that this was an inappropriate measure, usually resulting in patients feeling intimidated and distressed. They agreed, based on their knowledge and experience, that training in observation methods that promoted therapeutic engagement and rapport building would allow staff undertaking clinical observation to do so in a way that was least distressing for patients. This recommendation was also informed by evidence from the review on supporting the safety of people who have self-harmed (Evidence report N).</p><p>The themes ‘ability to prescribe medicine appropriately’ from the specialist review and ‘ability to provide medication appropriately’ from the non-specialist review showed that people who had self-harmed had mixed feelings towards being prescribed medication as treatment. Some participants felt that their medication helped them maintain good mental health and thereby prevented self-harm, however most patient participants felt dismissed or had suffered adverse effects when they were prescribed medication, and wanted staff to be aware of the limitations of a reliance on medication for treatment of self-harm. The evidence also showed that some people valued the exploration of other therapeutic options over standalone pharmacological interventions. The committee discussed this evidence alongside the quantitative evidence from the review on pharmacological interventions (Evidence Report K), which showed an uncertain effect of newer generation antidepressants or antipsychotics on repetition of self-harm, and no evidence of effect of mood stabilisers or for natural products on repetition of self-harm. This evidence therefore informed the recommendation that drug treatment should not be offered as a specific intervention to reduce self-harm. The committee discussed the qualitative evidence from some participants who felt positively towards medication and agreed that medication may have benefits for people who have self-harmed and have additional diagnoses. They therefore recommended that any treatment planning should take into account any related conditions, for which medication may be an appropriate treatment. The evidence from this review also showed that people who have self-harmed want any decisions regarding medication to be made collaboratively with the patient, which informed the recommendation that staff should work collaboratively with the person when planning interventions, and the recommendation that shared decision-making should be used to discuss limiting the quantity of medicines. The theme ‘cultural sensitivity’ informed the recommendation that information and support may need to be adapted for people subject to other forms of discrimination. The themes ‘sharing formal expertise with colleagues’ from the specialist review and ‘sharing information with colleagues’ showed that all staff and people who had self-harmed thought it was important for staff to communicate with each other within and across settings. The committee agreed that communication between staff members provided important benefits such as the sharing of information about the patient and learned skills, and the facilitation of smooth transitions between services. As a result, the committee agreed that communication sharing was an important principle throughout all aspects of care, and used evidence from these themes to inform all recommendations on the guideline. For example, this principle was used to inform the recommendation that staff working with people who have self-harmed should have access to specialist advice from other staff members, and the recommendation that staff members should recognise the limits of confidentiality and therefore when it may be beneficial to share information with colleagues for the sake of the person’s care.</p><p>The themes ‘Being ‘strong’’, ‘Maintaining emotional distance’, and ‘Recognising personal limitations’ showed that specialist staff members felt emotionally impacted when working closely with people who had self-harmed, and thought that maintaining a professional distance while still empathising with patients was an important skill to develop. The committee discussed their knowledge of ‘professional empathy’, whereby the caregiver will go to appropriate lengths to resolve the person’s emotional pain but recognise what is within the sphere of the staff member’s influence and that the emotions belong to the patient. The committee agreed that these skills were usually developed over time and with experience, and committee therefore did not make any training recommendations based on this evidence. However, the committee recognised the risk of staff being affected by the emotional impact of their work, and therefore used evidence from these themes to inform the recommendation that staff working with people who have self-harmed should have access to emotional support services to mitigate the risk of staff struggling from mental health issues.</p></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.10.4"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>The committee noted that no relevant published economic evaluations had been identified in the literature review. In addition, a bespoke economic model in this area of the guideline was not prioritised, as potential changes in current practice caused by the drafted recommendations were not expected to result in significant resource impact. When drafting the recommendations, the committee noted that there may be cost implications associated with the provision of high-quality training of staff in specialist mental health settings, depending on the current frequency of formal training deemed necessary within different settings. However, they expressed the view that these additional costs are likely to be offset by better health outcomes for people who have self-harmed by improving their care and quality of life.</p></div></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.1.11"><h4>Recommendations supported by this evidence review</h4><p>This evidence review supports recommendations 1.11.7 to 1.11.8 and 1.14.1 to 1.14.4. Other evidence supporting these recommendations can be found in the evidence reviews on skills in non-specialist settings (evidence report R) and supporting people to be safe after self-harm (evidence report N).</p></div></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.rl.r1"><h3>References – included studies</h3><ul class="simple-list"><div id="bcms6511.s1.rl.r1.1"><h4>Qualitative</h4><ul class="simple-list"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figbcms6511tab4"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figbcms6511tab4" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="bcms6511.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobbcms6511tab4">Table</a></h4></div></div></ul></div><div id="bcms6511.s1.rl.r1.2"><h4>Economic</h4><ul class="simple-list"><p>No studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria.</p></ul></div></ul></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="bcms6511.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="bcms6511.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/bin/bcms6511-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Review protocol for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 171K)</span></p></div><div id="bcms6511.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p id="bcms6511.appb.et1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/bin/bcms6511-appb-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Literature search strategies for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have selfharmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have selfharmed?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 290K)</span></p></div><div id="bcms6511.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Qualitative evidence study selection</h3><p id="bcms6511.appc.et1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/bin/bcms6511-appc-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Study selection for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 107K)</span></p></div><div id="bcms6511.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Evidence tables</h3><p id="bcms6511.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/bin/bcms6511-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Evidence tables for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 1.0M)</span></p></div><div id="bcms6511.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="bcms6511.appe.s1"><h4>Forest plots for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</h4><p>No meta-analysis was conducted for this review question and so there are no forest plots.</p></div></div><div id="bcms6511.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE-CERQual tables</h3><p id="bcms6511.appf.et1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/bin/bcms6511-appf-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">GRADE CERQual tables for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 398K)</span></p></div><div id="bcms6511.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><p id="bcms6511.appg.et1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/bin/bcms6511-appg-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Study selection for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 135K)</span></p></div><div id="bcms6511.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><div id="bcms6511.apph.s1"><h4>Economic evidence tables for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have selfharmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have selfharmed?</h4><p>No evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="bcms6511.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Economic model</h3><div id="bcms6511.appi.s1"><h4>Economic model for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</h4><p>No economic analysis was conducted for this review question.</p></div></div><div id="bcms6511.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Excluded studies</h3><div id="bcms6511.appj.s1"><h4>Excluded studies for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</h4><div id="bcms6511.appj.s1.1"><h5>Excluded qualitative studies</h5><p>Please note that the current search was undertaken with the search for review questions Q (What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings about what supervision is required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?), R (What are the views and preferences of staff in non-specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in non-specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?), and S (What are the views and preferences of staff in non-specialist mental health settings about what supervision is required for staff in non-specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?), and the list of excluded studies below only lists the 77 studies that were excluded for all reviews in contrast to the 93 excluded studies specified in the PRISMA diagram. This is because routing used in EPPI-Reviewer to separate the results of review questions P-S (for which a combined search was performed) resulted in EPPI-Reviewer being unable to generate the excluded studies list in the usual format, with the excluded studies for review questions P-S separated. Please see the PRISMA diagram for details of the (93–77=) 16 studies not listed in the excluded studies tables below, which are studies that met the inclusion criteria for review questions Q, R and/ or S.</p><p id="bcms6511.appj.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobbcms6511appjtab1" class="figpopup">Table 10. Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</a></p></div><div id="bcms6511.appj.s1.2"><h5>Excluded economic studies</h5><p id="bcms6511.appj.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.appj.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobbcms6511appjtab2" class="figpopup">Table 11. Excluded studies from the guideline economic review</a></p></div></div></div><div id="bcms6511.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Research recommendations – full details</h3><div id="bcms6511.appk.s1"><h4>Research recommendations for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</h4><p>No research recommendations were made for this review question.</p></div></div><div id="bcms6511.appl"><h3>Appendix L. Qualitative quotes</h3><p id="bcms6511.appl.et1"><a href="/books/NBK588196/bin/bcms6511-appl-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Qualitative quotes for review question: What are the views and preferences of staff in specialist mental health settings, people who have self-harmed and their family members/carers about what skills are required for staff in specialist mental health settings who assess and treat people who have self-harmed?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 339K)</span></p></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews underpinning recommendations 1.11.7 to 1.11.8 and 1.14.1 to 1.14.4 in the NICE guideline</p><p>National Institute for Health and Care Excellence</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2022.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK588196</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36595611" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">36595611</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobbcms6511tab1"><div id="bcms6511.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PPC table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__bcms6511.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_bcms6511.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_bcms6511.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><b>Inclusion:</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Staff in specialist mental health settings that assess and/or treat people who have self-harmed</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>People who have self-harmed and been assessed and/or treated in specialist mental health settings, including people who have self-harmed and have a mental health problem, neurodevelopmental disorder or a learning disability</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Family members/carers of people who have self-harmed and been assessed and/or treated in specialist mental health settings, including people who have self-harmed and have a mental health problem, neurodevelopmental disorder or a learning disability.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><b>Exclusion:</b></p><p>People displaying repetitive stereotypical self-injurious behaviour, for example head-banging in people with a significant learning disability</p></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_bcms6511.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Phenomenon of interest</th><td headers="hd_b_bcms6511.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Views and preferences of the population about staff skills regarded as required/ not required or important/ not important</p><p>Themes will be identified from the literature, but may include:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Empathy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Knowledge</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Language</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Communication style</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_bcms6511.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Context</th><td headers="hd_b_bcms6511.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Settings -</p>
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<p>Inclusion: All specialist mental health settings</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobbcms6511tab2"><div id="bcms6511.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__bcms6511.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study and aim of the study</th><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Methods</th><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Author themes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref1" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref1">Alonzo 2017</a>
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</p>
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<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To examine the perspective of practicing outpatient mental health clinicians who work on a daily basis with clients at high risk for suicide.</p>
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<p><b>Country:</b> USA</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>N=36 clinicians</p>
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<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> 39.07 (9.47)</p>
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<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 29/ 7</p>
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<p>
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<b>Role:</b>
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</p>
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<p>Outpatient mental-health clinician: 36</p>
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<p><b>Setting:</b> Outpatient mental-health clinic</p>
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<p><b>Mean years in post/experience (SD):</b> 9.9 (9.05)</p>
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<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
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<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Four focus groups lasting 1.5 hours on average were held, using a semi-structured interview guide. Discussions were audio-recorded and field notes were taken by two of the authors, which were all transcribed verbatim.</p>
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<p>Data were analysed thematically using inductive content analysis.</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Definition of Treatment Engagement</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Indicators of Client Engagement</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Facilitators of Treatment Engagement</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref2" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref2">Awenat 2017</a>
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</p>
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<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To investigate staff experiences of working with in-patients who are suicidal</p>
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<p><b>Country:</b> UK</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>N= 20 healthcare staff</p>
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<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
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<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 14/ 6</p>
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<p>
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<b>Role:</b>
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</p>
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<p>Nurses: 8 Nursing assistants/support workers: 2 Psychiatrists: 4* Allied health professionals (including clinical psychologists, clinical social workers and occupational therapists): 6*</p>
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<p>*Only data from these groups of participants were extracted</p>
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<p><b>Setting:</b> Inpatient mental-health clinics</p>
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<p><b>Range of years in post/ experience:</b> 4–38</p>
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<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported.</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported</p>
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<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Semi-structured interviews (average of 64 minutes) using a flexible topic guide.</p>
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<p>Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed using thematic analysis.</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Talking about suicide</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<b>Behrman 2019</b>
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</p>
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<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To identify what parents, adolescent, and physicians believe paediatricians should know about adolescent depression and anxiety to detect early signs of suicidal intent.</p>
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<p><b>Country:</b> USA</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<p>N=45 (n=19 healthcare staff; n=11 people with histories of suicidal ideation/attempt; n=15 parents of people who died by suicide or are receiving behavioural health services for depression/anxiety)</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Staff participants:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 13/ 6</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Paediatric residents: 8 Adolescent behavioural healthcare providers (including clinical social workers, psychologists, and licensed professional counsellors): 11*</p>
|
|
<p>*Of the staff participants, only data from this group of participants were extracted</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Primary care</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean years in post/experience (SD):</b> Not reported. Paediatric residents had 3 or more years of clinical practice</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Children and young people.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>People who have self-harmed:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> Not reported (14–18 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> Not reported. Authors stated that patients were ‘equally mixed male and female’.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Ethnicity:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Caucasian: 10</p>
|
|
<p>African-American: 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Family members/carers:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Relationship to person who has self-harmed:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Parent: 15.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Five focus groups were conducted with paediatric residents, adolescents, parents of adolescents who died by suicide, parents with adolescents in the mental health system, and community mental health professionals.</p>
|
|
<p>2 researchers coded the transcripts in several stages with constant comparisons between the researchers. First, themes were identified from each focus group and then were compared with other groups to identify themes that overlapped. The research team compared their interpretations of themes, individually and then as a group, to agree the final list of themes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Broken mental health care system</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Importance of communication</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Stigma associated with mental health care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Addressing medications and substance abuse</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref3" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref3">Berg 2020</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To understand healthcare professionals’ capacities to adapt to challenges and changes in clinical care for suicidal patients hospitalised in mental health wards</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Norway</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 32 mental healthcare professionals</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 28/7</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Registered mental health nurses: 14 in focus groups; 11 in interviews</p>
|
|
<p>Physicians and consultant psychiatrists: 6 in focus groups; 4 in interviews</p>
|
|
<p>Psychologists: 5 in focus groups; 3 in interviews</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> 9 inpatient specialist mental health care wards.</p>
|
|
<p>The locked wards specialised in:</p>
|
|
<p>Psychosis: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Affective disorders: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Acute care: 2.</p>
|
|
<p>The open wards specialised in:</p>
|
|
<p>Rehabilitation: 3</p>
|
|
<p>Short term stabilisation during crisis: 2</p>
|
|
<p><b>Range of years in post/ experience:</b> 1–24</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Adults</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> May to December 2016</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Focus groups (90 minutes) with open-ended questions and individual interviews to explore themes generated during focus groups.</p>
|
|
<p>Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were analyses by thematic analysis</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Managing uncertainty - Building mutual collegial trust and support</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Berger 2014</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore the response and training needs of Australian secondary school staff towards NSSI among adolescents.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=768 school staff</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 556/ 212</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Student teachers: 267</p>
|
|
<p>Teachers: 261</p>
|
|
<p>School mental health workers (counsellors, psychologists and welfare coordinators): 106*</p>
|
|
<p>School leaders & deputies: 83</p>
|
|
<p>Administrative and support staff (school nurses, teacher aides and office staff): 52</p>
|
|
<p>*Only data from these groups of participants were extracted</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Secondary education</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean years in post/experience (SD):</b> For in-service teachers & staff 14.75 (11.01) years; the student teachers had between 2 to 22 weeks of school placement</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Children (12 to 18 years)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> The online questionnaire took between 30 and 40 min to complete. Participants were asked several open-ended questions to understand how they respond to students who self-injure and their training needs.</p>
|
|
<p>Themes were developed from these open-ended responses. Responses were re-read and re-coded to verify themes, and to validate any new themes or merge existing themes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Perceived confidence in response to students who self-injure</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Barriers to responding to students who self-injure</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Directions for future training</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Borrill 2005</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore the prediction that female prisoners self-harm in response to events and experiences rather than primarily for symptomatic relief, and to learn lessons that could prevent future incidents and improve care.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=15 women who had self-harmed in prison</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> not reported (19–50 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 15/ 0</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> at least 1 attempt: 15</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> 2002–2003</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Participants had individual semi-structured interviews focusing on their recent suicide attempt.</p>
|
|
<p>The first stage of analysis was open coding of each interview. These codes were then examined and grouped into key themes with illustrative quotes. Common themes and individual differences within the group of women were explored. The analysis was carried out by one of the researchers and checked by the other interviewers.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Vulnerability Factors and Precipitating Factors</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>What Makes a Difference?</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref4" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref4">Christianson 2008</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore the experiences of school counsellors who have lost students to suicide</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 7 school counsellors</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 3/4</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>School counsellor: 7</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Education – schools</p>
|
|
<p><b>Range of years in post/ experience:</b> 15–31</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Children</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Individual in-depth telephone interviews conducted (two interviews, between 1–2 hours) using semi-structured interview questions. Interviews transcribed and sent to participants for clarification and verification.</p>
|
|
<p>Data examined inductively using a grounded theory approach. Constant comparative method used to identify major themes, which were linked together into higher-order categories.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>National Training/ Practice Standards</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Self-care</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref5" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref5">Craigen 2009</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore the counselling experiences of young adult women with a history of self-injury</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=10 university students with a history of self-harm</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 10/ 0</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Ethnicity:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>White European-American: 8</p>
|
|
<p>African-American: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Latina: 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Two 2 hour face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant using an interview guide with open-ended questions, and recorded.</p>
|
|
<p>Data collection continued until saturation was achieved, and data were analysed using a phenomenological method.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>My counsellor</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The counselling process</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Counselling reflections</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref6" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref6">de Stefano 2012</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> to explore the experiences of counsellors in training who work with people who self-harm</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 12 counselling psychology students</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> Not reported (23–37 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 12/ 0</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Counselling psychology students: 12</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Education - university. Students interned at the following sites: High schools: 7 University counselling centres: 2</p>
|
|
<p>Community college: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Addictions service: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Specialised high school for students with behavioural problems: 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Range of years in post/ experience:</b> 0</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Adults and CYP (most students interned at high schools, colleges and university counselling centres).</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis</b>: Semi-structured interviews (45–60 minutes) with open-ended questions.</p>
|
|
<p>Consensual qualitative research method used. Cross-case analysis used to compare and categorise core ideas across all participants and consensus used to discuss emerging themes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Trainees use common sense to construct a basic model of NSSI despite lack of previous knowledge of the phenomenon</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Work with NSSI stress and challenge trainees at many levels</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Experience provides new but incomplete learning</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref7" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref7">Dunkley 2014</a></p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b>
|
|
<ol><li class="half_rhythm"><div>To investigate what suicidal patients identify as being ‘in emotional pain’ and how they perceive staff will know that this is their experience</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>To explore what mental health professionals recognise and understand as ‘emotional pain’ in their patients, and how they identify when a patient is in emotional pain</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>To identify and explore factors that that hinder or facilitate emotional pain communication between staff and patients</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>To capture insights within the data that might inform practice and identify further areas of research.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>To inform and advance the development of emotional pain as a theoretical concept</div></li></ol></p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> UK</p></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=35 patients and staff members (n = 26 staff members; n = 9 suicidal patients (10 patient participants were recruited, but 1 withdrew before the formal interview was held)).</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Staff participants:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported. A variety of ages was represented.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> Not reported. The groups of nurses and psychologists were all female and the other groups were mixed gender groups.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Occupational therapists: 6</p>
|
|
<p>Community mental health nurses: 5</p>
|
|
<p>Clinical social workers: 5</p>
|
|
<p>Psychologists: 5</p>
|
|
<p>Psychiatrists: 5</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Clinical groups represented were:</p>
|
|
<p>Community: 7 (Mental health community treatment teams: 5; assessment and brief intervention team: 1; assertive outreach team: 1)</p>
|
|
<p>Inpatient: 4 (psychiatric inpatient units: 2; psychiatric intensive care unit: 1; mother and baby mental health inpatient unit: 1)</p>
|
|
<p>Outpatient: 2 (psychological therapies services)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Range of years in post/ experience:</b> Not reported. A variety of years of experience was represented.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Adults.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Patient participants:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> Not reported (27–58 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 9/ 0</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Diagnoses were not mutually exclusive:</p>
|
|
<p>Depression: 8</p>
|
|
<p>Anxiety: 7</p>
|
|
<p>Severe physical health or disability problem: 6</p>
|
|
<p>Personality disorder: 5</p>
|
|
<p>Schizophrenia: 2</p>
|
|
<p>Anorexia Nervosa: 2</p>
|
|
<p>Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: 2</p>
|
|
<p>Phobia: 2</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Suicide attempts:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>At least 1 medically serious suicide attempt: 9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Focus groups were held with mental healthcare staff using a brief inventory as a prompt sheet, as well as a second printed sheet containing a list of items based on DeCoster’s (1997) research into the reactions of general practitioners when confronted with emotional communication from their patients. This was introduced towards the end of the focus groups to prompt further discussion. Individual interviews lasting from 45 minutes to 1.5 hours were held with patients who had self-harmed using an interview schedule, and contact details given to participants to provide further comments after the interview as needed. All groups and interviews were digitally recorded.</p>
|
|
<p>Data from patients and staff members were combined and analysed using iterative, inductive thematic analysis with a critical realist approach, whereby fragments of transcripts were coded into categories, which then merged into overarching themes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Unspoken and Unheard</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spoken and Unheard</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spoken and also heard</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Unspoken but still heard</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref8" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref8">Dunkley 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>See <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref7" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref7">Dunkley 2014</a>.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref7" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref7">Dunkley 2014</a>.</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref7" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref7">Dunkley 2014</a>.</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Unspoken Communication – Alienated and Wordless</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spoken But Unheard – Misaligned</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Spoken and Unheard/Heard: Depersonalized Versus Individualized</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref9" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref9">Hagen 2017a</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore and compare therapists’ and mental health nurses’ experiences of caring for suicidal inpatients</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Norway</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=16 mental health professionals</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> Not reported (28–60 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 10/ 6</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Psychiatrists: 4</p>
|
|
<p>Psychologists: 4</p>
|
|
<p>Mental health nurses: 8</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Psychiatric wards, including:</p>
|
|
<p>Acute ward or crisis unit: 11</p>
|
|
<p>Other (general psychiatric ward, rehabilitation ward, unit for psychosis, or another specialised ward): 5</p>
|
|
<p><b>Range of years in post/ experience:</b> 2–30 years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Semi-structured interviews conducted and confirmatory questions used to clarify experiences and views. Interviews recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysed using thematic framework analysis.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Connection and care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Duty and control</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref11" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref11">Hagen 2017b</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>See <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref9" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref9">Hagen 2017a</a></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=8 mental health nurses</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> 43–60 years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 7/ 1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Mental health nurses: 8</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Psychiatric wards, including:</p>
|
|
<p>Acute ward: 5</p>
|
|
<p>Acute/ crisis unit: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Specialised ward: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Rehabilitation ward: 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Range of years in post/ experience:</b> 5–25 years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref9" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref9">Hagen 2017a</a></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Alertness to Suicidal Cues</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Relieving Psychological Pain and Inspiring Hope</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Regulation of Emotions and Emotional Expressions</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Balancing Emotional Involvement and Professional Distance</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref10" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref10">Hagen 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore how former suicidal inpatients experienced treatment and care in psychiatric wards in Norway following the implementation of the National guidelines for prevention of suicide in mental health care.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Norway</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=5 former psychiatric inpatients</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> Not reported (33–54 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 4/ 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Suicide attempts:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Admitted to acute ward because of a suicide attempt: 3</p>
|
|
<p>Admitted to acute ward because they were close to attempting suicide: 2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> In-depth, individual semi-structured interviews lasting 31 to 114 minutes were held, using an interview schedule to guide the interview if necessary. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Seeking a sense of companionship to feel safe to share their suffering and suicidality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Seeking individualized treatment and care to feel recognized as a valuable person</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref12" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref12">Hom 2020a</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To identify and synthesize suicide attempt survivors’ recommendations for how to enhance mental health treatment experiences for attempt survivors.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=329 suicide attempt survivors</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> 35.07 (12.18) years</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Gender:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Female: 268</p>
|
|
<p>Male: 33</p>
|
|
<p>Transgender, non-binary: 12</p>
|
|
<p>Transgender female: 0</p>
|
|
<p>Transgender male: 7</p>
|
|
<p>Other: 8</p>
|
|
<p>Did not state: 1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Race:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>White/ Caucasian: 283</p>
|
|
<p>Asian/Pacific Islander: 14</p>
|
|
<p>Black/ African American: 6</p>
|
|
<p>Native American or Alaska Native: 5</p>
|
|
<p>Other: 21</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity*:</b> Mean number of psychiatric diagnoses per person: 4.61 (2.09)</p>
|
|
<p>Anxiety disorder: 239</p>
|
|
<p>Bipolar disorder: 106</p>
|
|
<p>Borderline personality disorder: 81</p>
|
|
<p>Depressive disorder: 273</p>
|
|
<p>Eating disorder: 59</p>
|
|
<p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): 159</p>
|
|
<p>Schizophrenia: 8</p>
|
|
<p>Substance use disorder: 42</p>
|
|
<p>Other: 66</p>
|
|
<p>None: 16</p>
|
|
<p>*Self-reported. Categories are not mutually exclusive</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Mean number of suicide attempts per person (SD): 3.47 (4.89)</p>
|
|
<p>Single attempt: 96</p>
|
|
<p>Multiple attempts: 232</p>
|
|
<p>Missing data: 1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Participants completed a brief web-based self-report survey, which included an open-ended response question.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were extracted into a Microsoft Excel worksheet and an initial list of themes was created and reviewed. The finalised coding scheme was then used to code all of the written responses independently.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Provider interactions</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intake and treatment planning</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Treatment delivery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Structural issues</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref13" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref13">Hom 2020b</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To examine attempt survivors’ experiences interfacing with mental health care services.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=96 suicide attempt survivors</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> 35.05 (11.43) years</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Gender:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Female: 64</p>
|
|
<p>Male: 31</p>
|
|
<p>Gender non-conforming: 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Suicide attempts:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>At least 1 suicide attempt: 96</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> 2011–2017</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Authors analysed transcripts from unstructured interviews lasting between 120–150 minutes, held during the Live Through This project.</p>
|
|
<p>Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using quantitative and qualitative processes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Positive factors: Provider-related factors</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Positive factors: Treatment-related factors</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Negative factors: Provider-related factors</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Negative factors: Treatment-related factors</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref14" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref14">Idenfors 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore young people’s perceptions of care and support during a 6-month period following their first contact for DSH.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Sweden</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=9 young people who had self-harmed (n = 10 were initially interviewed but 1 declined participation in the follow-up interview)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> 20 (17–24) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 5/4</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported. All participants had first self-harmed at most 6 months before data were collected.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> 2009–2011</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Individual structured interviews using open-ended questions were held 6 months after the person’s first healthcare contact for deliberate self-harm.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed into meaning units, which were then condensed and assigned a code. The codes were refined into categories and continuously checked against the original interview texts. Common themes were constructed from the categories.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having trust in the care of the professionals</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref15" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref15">Karman 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To investigate professional behaviour of mental health nurses with positively changed attitudes after following a training program.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> The Netherlands</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=11 mental health nurses</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> 41.6 (26–57) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 9/2</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Mental health nurses: 11</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Clinical groups represented were:</p>
|
|
<p>Inpatient mental health care facilities: 6</p>
|
|
<p>Outpatient mental health care facilities: 5</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean number of years in post/experience (range):</b> 17.2 (4–32) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions were held using an interview guide that was informed by the emerging conceptual model, and lasted between 40 to 60 minutes. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using a systematic constant comparison approach consistent with grounded theory methods</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Behavioural changes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Influence of the Training Program on Nurses’ Attitudes Towards Self-Harm</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref16" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref16">Kelada 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> to understand how school mental health staff and parents of secondary school students view self-harm to determine how parent-school communication and responses to self-harm can be improved</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=29 (n= 10 parents of adolescents who had self-harmed; n = 19 school mental health staff)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Staff participants: Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 14/ 5</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Wellbeing/ welfare coordinators: 12</p>
|
|
<p>School counsellors: 4</p>
|
|
<p>School psychologists: 3</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> School types represented were:</p>
|
|
<p>State schools: 15</p>
|
|
<p>Private schools: 4</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean years in post/ experience (SD):</b> 12.53 (9.05) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Children</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Parent participants:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> 45.20 (3.52) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 10/ 0</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Relationship to person who has self-harmed:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Mother: 10</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Semi-structured interviews conducted (approx. 30 minutes) with open-ended questions (4 conducted face-to-face and 15 conducted via telephone). Interviews recorded and transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
|
<p>Data analysed by thematic analysis.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Future sector-wide policy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Support for school mental health staff</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref17" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref17">Kool 2009</a></p><p><b>Aim of the study:</b></p><p>To study behavioural change in cases of self-injury, based on the following key questions:
|
|
<ol><li class="half_rhythm"><div>How does the process of reducing or stopping self-injury develop in patients with a history of severe self-injury?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>What factors play a role in that process?</div></li></ol></p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> The Netherlands</p></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=12 women with a history of self-harm</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> 39 (26–60) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 12/ 0</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported in the data but participants were excluded if they had comorbid psychotic symptoms</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean duration of self-harm (range):</b> 22 (6–46) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Individual semi-structured interviews were held. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach in WINMAX qualitative text analysis software.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Limit setting and connecting</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Self-esteem</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Negative factors</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref18" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref18">Lahoz 2020</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To give a qualitative description of the treatment approach applied at Danish suicide prevention clinics from the perspective of the clinician.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Denmark</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=10 volunteer clinicians</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> Not reported (age groups ranged from 30–39 to 60–69 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 7/ 3</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Psychologist: 6</p>
|
|
<p>Mental health nurse: 2</p>
|
|
<p>Psychiatrist: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Clinical social worker: 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Suicide prevention clinics</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Mean years in post/experience (SD):</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Years of experience: 20.2 (10.87)</p>
|
|
<p>Years of experience in the field: 11.1 (9.44)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Semi-structured interviews were held, lasting about an hour. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, with quotes translated from Danish to English. Authenticity was preserved during translation by prioritising closeness to the text and choice of words over lingual fluency.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using phenomenological condensation of meaning.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Meaningful vs. formal treatment approach</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patient- vs. therapist-oriented treatment</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Direct vs. indirect treatment</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref19" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref19">Lees 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore the experiences and needs that mental health-care consumers had of suicidal crisis, the degree to which those needs were met, the role that mental health nurse engagement played in that context, and the key factors suggested to impact on the quality of care.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=96 nurses and people who had suicidal crises (n=87 mental health nurses were surveyed and of these, n=11 went on to complete the interview stage; n = 9 people who had recovered from recent suicidal crises during which they had received mental health nursing care)</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Staff participants (data reported for those who were interviewed only):</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> 48 (not reported) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 6/ 5</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Mental health nurses: 11</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Setting:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Adult hospital inpatient mental health services: 7</p>
|
|
<p>Adult community mental health services: 4</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean years in post/ experience (SD):</b> 12 years (not reported)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Adults</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Patient participants:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> 41 years (not reported)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 6/ 3</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> The first part of the study included a survey of mental health nurses (n = 87) in order to identify key issues, contextual data, and as a way to invite nurses to the interview stage. In-depth semi-structured interviews were then held with a subsection of the surveyed nurses. In-depth semi-structured interviews were also held with people who had recovered from recent suicidal crises during which they had received mental health nursing care.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using constant comparative and classical content analysis. Themes were developed iteratively using both survey and interview data, though survey data were contained to ‘descriptive statistics’ in order to prioritise data from the interviews.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Consumer service needs</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Prominent interventions</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Nature of therapeutic engagement</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Consumer service needs</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref20" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref20">Lindgren 2004</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To describe how people who self-harm experience received care and their desired care.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Sweden</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=9 people with a history of self-harm</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> 25 (19–35) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 9/ 0</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Co-morbidities were self-reported:</p>
|
|
<p>Borderline personality disorder: 5</p>
|
|
<p>Anxiety syndrome: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Depression: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Declined to report: 2</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Individual structured interviews including 4 open-ended questions, ranging from 40 to 50 min, were recorded and transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
|
<p>2 researchers read & re-read the transcripts before dividing them into meaning units, which were then refined and grouped according to the 4 interview questions, and classified as positive or negative.</p>
|
|
<p>Through further abstractions, two themes were formulated each with five sub-themes. During the analysis, the authors compared and contrasted the categories, codes, sub-themes, and themes with the original text until consensus was reached.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Expecting to be confirmed while being confirmed fosters hopefulness</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Expecting to be confirmed while not being confirmed stifles hopefulness</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref21" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref21">Littlewood 2019</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore clinicians’ views of good practice in mental healthcare services in the context of suicide prevention</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 2331 staff members working at mental health service providers</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Consultant psychiatrists: 232</p>
|
|
<p>Service managers: 131</p>
|
|
<p>Mental health practitioners: 63</p>
|
|
<p>Doctors: 47</p>
|
|
<p>Psychologists: 37</p>
|
|
<p>Other: 16</p>
|
|
<p>Not specified: 1804</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Of the 62 mental health providers that submitted responses:</p>
|
|
<p>NHS mental health service providers: 57 (2286/ 2331 responses)</p>
|
|
<p>Independent providers: 5 (45/ 2331 responses)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Range of years in post/ experience:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> January 2011 to December 2016</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Qualitative data on clinicians’ view of good practice within mental healthcare services collected systematically via questionnaire by the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health (NCISH).</p>
|
|
<p>Thematic analysis used to analyse data within a thematic framework developed from the NCISH ‘10 Key Elements To Improve Safety’ and the NICE Self-harm Quality Standard - QS34.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Patient safety and the importance of good practice in mental healthcare services</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Develop strong relationships with patients and family/carers</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Provide timely access to tailored and appropriate care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Facilitates seamless transitions</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Establish a sufficiently skilled, resourced and supported staff team</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref22" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref22">Long 2010</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To gain insight into counsellors’ experiences of and ideas about self-harm, and to develop understanding of relational depth when working with clients who self-harm.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=8 counsellors</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> 43.75 (14.39) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 7/1</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Counsellor: 8</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Voluntary and private counselling sectors:</p>
|
|
<p>Voluntary: 6</p>
|
|
<p>Voluntary and private practice: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Not reported: 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean (SD) of years in post/ experience:</b> 9.13 (6.6)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Semi-structured interviews lasting about 45 minutes were held using an interview guide that was adjusted to incorporate themes as data were collected.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were transcribed and analysed using grounded theory methodology until theoretical saturation was obtained.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The role of the therapeutic relationship for clients who self-harm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Counsellors’ skills and qualities for working with self-harm</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref23" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref23">McGough 2021</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore mental health nurses’ (MHNs) experience of working with people who self-harm.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=14 mental health nurses</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> 43.21 (9.85) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 9/ 5</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Mental health nurse (registered nurse): 13</p>
|
|
<p>Mental health nurse (enrolled nurse): 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Years in post/ experience:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>More than 10 years: 5</p>
|
|
<p>6–10 years: 4</p>
|
|
<p>1–5 years: 5</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Adults: 9</p>
|
|
<p>All age groups: 4</p>
|
|
<p>Adolescents: 1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Semi-structured interviews using an interview guide were held via telephone, lasting an average of 35 minutes. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using inductive content analysis to identify categories from the data.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Level of comfort to care for people who self-harm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Nursing role</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Barriers and facilitators to providing care</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Education and training</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Appropriateness of current pathways to care and how the healthcare system supports people with self-harm</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Mughal 2021</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore the help-seeking behaviours, experiences of GP care, and access to general practice for young people who self-harm.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=13 people who had self-harmed</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> 22 (19–25 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ transgender male):</b> 12/ 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> (Self-identified):</p>
|
|
<p>White British: 7</p>
|
|
<p>White American: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Asian British: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: 3</p>
|
|
<p>Did not disclose: 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> 2019</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Individual semi-structured interviews were held, which were recorded and transcribed.</p>
|
|
<p>Interview data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis applying principles of constant comparison, compatible with a critical realist stance.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>NHS services</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref24" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref24">O’Donovan 2007</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To gain an understanding of the practices of psychiatric nurses in relation to people who self-harm, but who are not considered suicidal.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Ireland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=8 psychiatric nurses</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> Not reported (25–55 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 6/ 2</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Psychiatric nurses: 8</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Acute psychiatric inpatient units</p>
|
|
<p><b>Range of years in post/ experience:</b> 6 months - 15 years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> In-depth semi-structured interviews were held using an interview schedule.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using content analysis and theme analysis, whereby categories were developed from the raw data, connected and evolved into themes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical safety and prevention of self-harm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Intervention strategies</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Omerov 2020</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore how nurses may contribute to suicide prevention through a caring science perspective</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Sweden</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 6 mental health staff</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 4/ 2</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Qualified nurse with psychiatric training: 1</p>
|
|
<p>General medical doctor with psychiatric training: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Psychiatrists: 2</p>
|
|
<p>Child psychiatrist: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Allied health professionals (including clinical psychologists, clinical social workers and occupational therapists): 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Psychiatric outpatient care</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Mean years in post/ experience (SD):</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>At least 10 years of clinical experience: 6</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> 2015</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Individual interviews with open-ended questions. Interviews were recorded and transcribed.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using thematic analysis.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Engagement necessary but demanding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Acknowledgement of warnings signs</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Supportive relationship</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref25" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref25">Rissanen 2012</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To describe Finnish nurses’ conceptions and experiences of helping adolescents who self-mutilate.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Finland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=9 psychiatric nurses (n=5 focus groups; n=2 individual interviews; n=2 written descriptions)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Role:</b> Qualified nurses: 9</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Inpatient adolescent mental-health wards</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean years in post/ experience (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Adolescents</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> April to May 2005</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> The data were collected using focus group interviews, individual interviews, and written descriptions.</p>
|
|
<p>The transcriptions were coded for meaningful words and phrases. These codes were grouped into categories and subcategories. During the analysis, the researchers discussed the process and categories that emerged, agreeing any changes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Helpers</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Helping and caring</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Rowe 2017</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To investigate the aspects of professional, social, familial and romantic relationships that people who have self-harmed identified as having a positive and constructive effect on their self-harm behaviour.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> New Zealand</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=12 people who had self-harmed</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> Not reported (19–70 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 9/ 3</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Ethnicity:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>New Zealand European: 11</p>
|
|
<p>Māori: 1</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Each participant was interviewed once, using a semi-structured interview guide.</p>
|
|
<p>Interviews were transcribed and thematic analysis was done by coding the text according to the questions in the interview guide. These codes were then grouped into categories. Regular meetings between the investigators ensured agreement on the final themes that emerged from the data.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>‘Seeing of me’</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Relationship-centred care</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref26" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref26">Simoes 2020</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To identify the protective factors of recurrent suicidal behaviours in adolescents; To describe the family and the expectations for future involvement; To know the most important aspects of hospitalization and discuss expectations of nursing care follow-up after hospital discharge.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Portugal</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=33 adolescents with suicidal behaviour</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> 15.91 (1.18) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/male):</b> 24/ 9</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Suicide attempts:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>At least 1 suicide attempt: 31</p>
|
|
<p>Not reported: 2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> May 2018 to May 2019</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Semi-structured interviews were held, lasting an average of 45 minutes. Interviews were recorded and transcribed.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using content analysis without a category chart, whereby content was studied to identify categories, which were then grouped for analysis.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Most important aspects of hospitalization</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Suggestions for service improvement</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Storey 2005</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> Not clearly stated.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=38 people who had self-harmed (n=74 were interviewed but only data from those who said they had self-harmed before they were 16 years old during their interview were reported)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> Not reported (16–22 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Duration of self-harm:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age of index episode for women: 14 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age of index episode for men: 15 years</p>
|
|
<p>Self-harm history:</p>
|
|
<p>Participants with index self-harm episode between the ages of 13 and 16 years: 34</p>
|
|
<p>Participants with index self-harm episode at the age of 12 years or younger: 4</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Interviews were held with participants. No other information is given.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Experiences of services</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref27" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref27">Talseth 2001</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To illuminate the meaning of the lived experience of being treated by physicians, as narrated by suicidal psychiatric inpatients in interviews.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Norway</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=19 psychiatric inpatients</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 9/ 10</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Attempted suicide: 11</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Narrative interviews were held in the meeting room in the ward when patients’ primary health nurses were not present, and lasted between 30 and 60 minutes. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using a phenomenological-hermeneutic method.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Listening to patients without prejudice</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Trusting each other</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Respecting patients’ integrity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mistrusting each other</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Not respecting patients’ integrity</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Te Maro 2019</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To explore the experience of school staff managing self-harm, and to obtain their views on the use of guidelines in their work</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> New Zealand</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=28 school pastoral care providers</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (SD):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 21/7</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Trained counsellors*: 26</p>
|
|
<p>Chaplin: 1</p>
|
|
<p>Social worker: 1</p>
|
|
<p>*Only data from this group of participants were extracted</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Education - secondary schools</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean years in post/ experience (SD):</b> 9.9 (9.05)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Children (12 - 18 years)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported but likely 2018 or later</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Individual interviews conducted (45 - 80 minutes). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
|
<p>Thematic analysis used to analyse data.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Discrepancy — Differences in the Way That Self-Harm is Managed</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for Guidelines</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref28" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref28">Vatne 2016</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To develop a deeper understanding of suicidal patients in the aftermath of suicidal attempts.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Norway</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=10 people who had attempted suicide</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> Not reported (21–52 years)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 6/ 4</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported. Authors reported all participants were non-psychotic</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> At least 1 attempt: 10</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured guide 2 weeks after a suicide attempt and in a place of their choice.</p>
|
|
<p>After repeated listening to recordings of the interviews, they were transcribed and tentative themes noted. These were reviewed and checked against the interviews, with verbatim statements selected to support each theme.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Someone who cares</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Wadman 2018</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To gain insight into looked-after young people’s perceptions and experiences of factors related to self-harm, and of interventions and services received, in order to improve future service provision.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=24 young people with experience of living in foster care or residential homes who had self-harmed</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean age (range):</b> 16 (14–21) years</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 20/ 4</p>
|
|
<p><b>Ethnicity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Co-morbidity:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Duration of self-harm:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
<p><b>Suicide attempts:</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> March 2014 and April 2015</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Individual semi-structured interviews were held.</p>
|
|
<p>The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and subjected to interpretive phenomenological analysis.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Experience of Clinical Services</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#bcms6511.s1.ref29" rid="bcms6511.s1.ref29">Wilstrand 2007</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aim of the study:</b> To describe nurses’ experience caring for psychiatric patients who self-harm.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Country:</b> Sweden</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=6 psychiatric nurses</p>
|
|
<p><b>Sex (female/ male):</b> 3/ 3</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Role:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Specialist psychiatric nurses: 4</p>
|
|
<p>Generalist nurses: 2</p>
|
|
<p><b>Setting:</b> Acute psychiatric inpatient wards</p>
|
|
<p><b>Mean (range) of years in post/ experience:</b> 9.4 (1–18)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Client group (adults, children/ CYP):</b> Not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Study dates:</b> Spring 2002</p>
|
|
<p><b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Narrative interviews lasting between 40 to 50 minutes were held. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
|
<p>Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, whereby texts were divided into meaning units, which were then condensed, sorted into categories, and abstracted into themes.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Balancing professional boundaries</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CYP: children and young people; DSH: deliberate self-harm; GP: general practitioner; N: Number; NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; NHS: National Health Service; NSSI: non-suicidal self-injury; SD: standard deviation; UK: United Kingdom; USA: United States of America</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobbcms6511fig1"><div id="bcms6511.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Theme%20chart.&p=BOOKS&id=588196_bcms6511f1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK588196/bin/bcms6511f1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Theme chart." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Theme chart</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobbcms6511tab3"><div id="bcms6511.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Summary of subthemes and subgroups</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__bcms6511.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Themes and subthemes</th><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study populations, including those specified as sub-groups in the protocol (number of studies)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4" id="hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> 1. Expertise</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">  </td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.1 Formal training for/ experience working with people who have self-harmed</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (8); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (4); people who have self-harmed (3); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (0); mixed populations (specialist staff who work with people who have self-harmed and family members/ carers of people who have self-harmed: 1; people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt, family members/ carers of people who had died by suicide or were receiving mental health care, and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.2 Ability to recognise and treat the underlying causes of self-harm</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (3); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (4); people who have self-harmed (5); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (1); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt, family members/ carers of people who had died by suicide or were receiving mental health care, and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.3 Understanding of techniques to manage self-harm</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (5); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (3); people who have self-harmed (4); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (1); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.4 Collaborating to provide personalised care</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (1); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (5); people who have self-harmed (1); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (2); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.5 Ability to prescribe medication appropriately</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (0); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (0); people who have self-harmed (4); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (2); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt, family members/ carers of people who had died by suicide or were receiving mental health care, and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.6 Sharing expertise with colleagues</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (4); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (4); people who have self-harmed (0); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (0); mixed populations (people with suicidal ideation or attempt, family members/ carers of people who had died by suicide or were receiving mental health care, and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4" id="hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2. Engagement with the patient</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.1 Creating an open line of communication</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (4); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (5); people who have self-harmed (11); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (2); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt, family members/ carers of people who had died by suicide or were receiving mental health care, and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.2 Fostering a therapeutic relationship</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (6); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (7); people who have self-harmed (7); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (1); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.3 Building mutual trust</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (2); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (5); people who have self-harmed (9); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (1); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.4 Mutual understanding of goals</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (3); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (3); people who have self-harmed (5); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (1); mixed populations (0)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.5 Ability to read non-verbal cues</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (1); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (3); people who have self-harmed (2); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (0); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4" id="hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3. Sensitivity</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.1 Being non-judgmental</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (6); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (3); people who have self-harmed (8); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (0); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt, family members/ carers of people who had died by suicide or were receiving mental health care, and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.2 Sensitively approaching the subject of self-harm</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (4); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (4); people who have self-harmed (4); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (1); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.3 Ability to balance autonomy and safety</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (5); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (3); people who have self-harmed (4); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (1); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.4 Cultural sensitivity</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (0); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (0); people who have self-harmed (2); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (0); mixed populations (people with suicidal ideation or attempt, family members/ carers of people who had died by suicide or were receiving mental health care, and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4" id="hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4. Self-preservation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.1 Maintaining emotional distance</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (4); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (2); people who have self-harmed (0); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (0); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1; people with suicidal ideation or attempt and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.2 Being ‘strong’</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (1); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (3); people who have self-harmed (0); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (0); mixed populations (people who have self-harmed and specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients: 1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.3 Recognising personal limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (1); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (1); people who have self-harmed (0); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (0); mixed populations (0)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.4 Awareness of legal responsibilities</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_bcms6511.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Population group:</b> specialist staff who worked with people who have self-harmed (1); specialist staff who worked with suicidal patients (1); people who have self-harmed (2); people with suicidal ideation or attempt (0); mixed populations (specialist staff who work with people who have self-harmed and family members/ carers of people who have self-harmed: 1)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobbcms6511tab4"><div id="bcms6511.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__bcms6511.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref1"></a>Alonzo, D.; Moravec, C.; Kaufman, B. (2017) Individuals at risk for suicide: Mental health clinicians’ perspectives on barriers to and facilitators of treatment engagement. Crisis
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38: 158–167 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27733064" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27733064</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref2"></a>Awenat, Yvonne, Peters, Sarah, Shaw-Nunez, Emma
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et al (2017) Staff experiences and perceptions of working with in-patients who are suicidal: qualitative analysis. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science
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211: 103–108 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5537568/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5537568</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28642259" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28642259</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref3"></a>Berg, Siv Hilde, Rortveit, Kristine, Walby, Fredrik A.
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et al (2020) Adaptive capacities for safe clinical practice for patients hospitalised during a suicidal crisis: a qualitative study. BMC psychiatry
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20: 316 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7304097/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7304097</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32560682" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32560682</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref4"></a>Christianson, Carley L. and Everall, Robin D. (2008) Constructing bridges of support: School counsellors’ experiences of student suicide. Canadian Journal of Counselling
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42: 209–221
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref5"></a>Craigen, Laurie M. and Foster, Victoria (2009) “It was like a partnership of the two of us against the cutting”: Investigating the counseling experiences of young adult women who self-injure. Journal of Mental Health Counseling
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31: 76–94
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref6"></a>de Stefano, J., Atkins, S., Noble, R. N.
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et al (2012) Am I competent enough to be doing this?: A qualitative study of trainees’ experiences working with clients who self-injure. Counselling Psychology Quarterly
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25: 289–305
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref7"></a>Dunkley
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C (2014) Transmit and receive: what factors inhibit or facilitate the communication of emotional pain between suicidal patients and mental health professionals?.: 274
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref8"></a>Dunkley, Christine, Borthwick, Alan, Bartlett, Ruth
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et al (2018) Hearing the Suicidal Patient’s Emotional Pain. Crisis
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39: 267–274 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6137896/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6137896</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29256270" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29256270</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref9"></a>Hagen, Julia; Hjelmeland, Heidi; Knizek, Birthe Loa (2017) Relational Principles in the Care of Suicidal Inpatients: Experiences of Therapists and Mental Health Nurses. Issues in mental health nursing
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38: 99–106 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27901635" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27901635</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref10"></a>Hagen, Julia; Knizek, Birthe Loa; Hjelmeland, Heidi (2018) Former suicidal inpatients’ experiences of treatment and care in psychiatric wards in Norway. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being
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13: 1461514 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5906934/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5906934</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29652227" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29652227</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref11"></a>Hagen, Julia; Knizek, Birthe Loa; Hjelmeland, Heidi (2017) Mental Health Nurses’ Experiences of Caring for Suicidal Patients in Psychiatric Wards: An Emotional Endeavor. Archives of psychiatric nursing
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31: 31–37 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28104055" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28104055</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref12"></a>Hom, M. A., Bauer, B. W., Stanley, I. H.
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et al (2020) Suicide attempt survivors’ recommendations for improving mental health treatment for attempt survivors. Psychological services [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32068415" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32068415</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref13"></a>Hom, Melanie A., Albury, Evan A., Gomez, Marielle M.
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et al (2020) Suicide attempt survivors’ experiences with mental health care services: A mixed methods study. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
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51: 172–183
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref14"></a>Idenfors, H.; Kullgren, G.; Renberg, E. S. (2015) Professional care after deliberate self-harm: A qualitative study of young people’s experiences. Patient Preference and Adherence
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9: 199–207 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4315544/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4315544</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25670889" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25670889</span></a>]
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref15"></a>Karman, Pieter, Kool, Nienke, Gamel, Claudia
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et al (2015) From judgment to understanding: mental health nurses’ perceptions of changed professional behaviors following positively changed attitudes toward self-harm. Archives of psychiatric nursing
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29: 401–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26577554" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26577554</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref16"></a>Kelada, Lauren; Hasking, Penelope; Melvin, Glenn A. (2017) School response to self-injury: Concerns of mental health staff and parents. School psychology quarterly : the official journal of the Division of School Psychology, American Psychological Association
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32: 173–187 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28414505" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28414505</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref17"></a>Kool, Nienke; van Meijel, Berno; Bosman, Maartje (2009) Behavioral change in patients with severe self-injurious behavior: a patient’s perspective. Archives of psychiatric nursing
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23: 25–31 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19216985" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19216985</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref18"></a>Lahoz, Titia, Winslov, Jan-Henrik, Christiansen, Rikke
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et al (2020) The treatment in the Danish suicide prevention clinics: a clinician perspective. Nordic journal of psychiatry
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74: 533–540 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32379558" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32379558</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref19"></a>Lees, David; Procter, Nicholas; Fassett, Denise (2014) Therapeutic engagement between consumers in suicidal crisis and mental health nurses. International journal of mental health nursing
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23: 306–15 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24575883" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24575883</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref20"></a>Lindgren, B. M., Wilstrand, C., Glue, F.
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et al (2004) Struggling for hopefulness: a qualitative study of Swedish women who self-harm. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing (Wiley-Blackwell)
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref21"></a>Littlewood, Donna L., Quinlivan, Leah, Graney, Jane
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et al (2019) Learning from clinicians’ views of good quality practice in mental healthcare services in the context of suicide prevention: a qualitative study. BMC psychiatry
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19: 346 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6836656/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6836656</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31694598" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31694598</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref22"></a>Long, M. and Jenkins, M. (2010) Counsellors’ perspectives on self-harm and the role of the therapeutic relationship for working with clients who self-harm. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research
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10: 192–200
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref23"></a>McGough, S., Wynaden, D., Ngune, I.
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et al (2021) Mental health nurses’ perspectives of people who self-harm. International journal of mental health nursing
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30: 62–71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33185020" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33185020</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref24"></a>O’Donovan, A. (2007) Pragmatism rules: The intervention and prevention strategies used by psychiatric nurses working with non-suicidal self-harming individuals. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
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14: 64–71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17244007" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17244007</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref25"></a>Rissanen, Marja-Liisa; Kylma, Jari; Laukkanen, Eila (2012) Helping self-mutilating adolescents: descriptions of Finnish nurses. Issues in mental health nursing
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33: 251–62 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22468591" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22468591</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref26"></a>Simoes, R. M. P.; Dos Santos, J. C. P.; Martinho, M. J. C. M. (2020) Adolescents with Suicidal Behaviours: a qualitative study about the assessment of Inpatient Service and Transition to Community. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33113225" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33113225</span></a>]
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref27"></a>Talseth, A. G.; Jacobsson, L.; Norberg, A. (2001) The meaning of suicidal psychiatric inpatients’ experiences of being treated by physicians. Journal of advanced nursing
|
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34: 96–106 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11430612" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11430612</span></a>]
|
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref28"></a>Vatne, May and Naden, Dagfinn (2016) Crucial resources to strengthen the desire to live: Experiences of suicidal patients. Nursing ethics
|
|
23: 294–307 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25539632" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25539632</span></a>]
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a id="bcms6511.s1.ref29"></a>Wilstrand, C., Lindgren, B. M., Gilje, F.
|
|
et al (2007) Being burdened and balancing boundaries: a qualitative study of nurses’ experiences caring for patients who self-harm. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing
|
|
14: 72–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17244008" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17244008</span></a>]
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobbcms6511appjtab1"><div id="bcms6511.appj.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__bcms6511.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Code [Reason]</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Balcombe, Lucille; Phillips, Louise; Jones, Julia (2011) ENGAGEMENT WITH YOUNG PEOPLE WHO SELF-HARM. Mental Health Practice
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|
15: 14–18
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Barekatain, M., Aminoroaia, M., Samimi, S. M. A.
|
|
et al (2013) Educational needs assessment for psychiatry residents to prevent suicide: A qualitative approach. International Journal of Preventive Medicine
|
|
4: 1200–1205 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3843308/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3843308</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24319561" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24319561</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Country not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Berg, Siv Hilde; Rortveit, Kristine; Aase, Karina (2017) Suicidal patients’ experiences regarding their safety during psychiatric in-patient care: a systematic review of qualitative studies. BMC health services research
|
|
17: 73 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5259991/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5259991</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28114936" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28114936</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Berger, E.; Hasking, P.; Reupert, A. (2014) “We’re Working in the Dark Here”: Education Needs of Teachers and School Staff Regarding Student Self-Injury. School Mental Health
|
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6: 201–212
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Berger, Emily; Hasking, Penelope; Martin, Graham (2013) ‘Listen to them’: Adolescents’ views on helping young people who self-injure. Journal of adolescence
|
|
36: 935–45 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24011109" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24011109</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- Population not in PICO</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Only 10% (N=263) of participants had self-harmed</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Best, R. (2005) An educational response to deliberate self-harm: Training, support and school-agency links. Journal of Social Work Practice
|
|
19: 275–287
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- Population not in PICO</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Participants are non-specialist staff who do not normally assess as treat people who have self-harmed</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Brown, J. and Beail, N. (2009) Self-harm among people with intellectual disabilities living in secure service provision: a qualitative exploration. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities
|
|
22: 503–513
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- Population not in PICO</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Study defined self-harm as inclusive of repetitive stereotypical self-injurious behaviour such as head-banging. The study included people who had intellectual disabilities who had self-harmed but did not specify how many of the participants’ method of self-harm was repetitive stereotypical self-injurious behaviour</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Davis, Taijah (2020) Applied suicide intervention skills training program (ASIST): An evaluation of school counselor preparedness for immediate suicide intervention. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
|
|
81: No-Specified
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- Full text not provided</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Only part of text provided in PDF, the rest not available</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
De Silva, Eve; Bowerman, Lisa; Zimitat, Craig (2015) A suicide awareness and intervention program for health professional students. Education for health (Abingdon, England)
|
|
28: 201–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26996645" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26996645</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Duperouzel, H. and Fish, R. (2008) Why couldn’t I stop her? Self injury: The views of staff and clients in a medium secure unit. British Journal of Learning Disabilities
|
|
36: 59–65
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- Study conducted pre-2000</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Paper includes 2 studies - 1 (Fish 2000) conducted pre-2000; the other study is not referenced</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Eckerström, Joachim, Flyckt, Lena, Carlborg, Andreas
|
|
et al (2020) Brief admission for patients with emotional instability and self-harm: A qualitative analysis of patients’ experiences during crisis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing
|
|
29: 962–971 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32406168" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32406168</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Themes explored patients perspectives of a specific intervention (brief admission)</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
El-Den, Sarira, O’Reilly, Claire L., Murphy, Andrea L.
|
|
et al (2019) A systematic review of healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and confidence in relation to suicide. Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy
|
|
15: e8–e9
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Elzinga, Elke, de Kruif, Anja J. T. C. M., de Beurs, Derek P.
|
|
et al (2020) Engaging primary care professionals in suicide prevention: A qualitative study. PloS one
|
|
15: e0242540 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7704003/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7704003</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33253178" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33253178</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Primary healthcare professionals provided feedback on a specific suicide prevention training course; they did not discuss required skills</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ferguson, M. S., Reis, J. A., Rabbetts, L.
|
|
et al (2018) The effectiveness of suicide prevention education programs for nurses: A Systematic Review. Crisis
|
|
39: 96–109 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28990823" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28990823</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fish, R. M. (2000) Working with people who harm themselves in a forensic learning disability service: experiences of direct care staff. Journal of Learning Disabilities (14690047)
|
|
4: 193–207
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Study conducted pre-2000</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fisher, G. and Foster, C. (2016) Examining the needs of paediatric nurses caring for children and young people presenting with self-harm/suicidal behaviour on general paediatric wards: Findings from a small-scale study. Child Care in Practice: 1–14
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fox, C. (2011) Working with clients who engage in self-harming behaviour: experiences of a group of counsellors. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling
|
|
39: 41–51
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gelkopf, Marc, Roffe, Ziva, Behrbalk, Pnina
|
|
et al (2009) Attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and emotions of the nursing staff toward patient restraint. Issues in mental health nursing
|
|
30: 758–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19916810" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19916810</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Country not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Granek, L., Nakash, O., Shapira, S.
|
|
et al (2020) Oncologists, oncology nurses and oncology social workers experiences with suicide: impact on patient care. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology
|
|
38: 543–556 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32342799" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32342799</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Country not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gryglewicz, K., Monahan, M. M., Chen, J. I.
|
|
et al (2020) Examining the effects of role play practice in enhancing clinical skills to assess and manage suicide risk. Journal of Mental Health
|
|
29: 549–557 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9202230/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC9202230</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30633596" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30633596</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Quantitative study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
James, M. and Warner, S. (2005) Coping with their lives - women, learning disabilities, self-harm and the secure unit: A Q-methodological study. British Journal of Learning Disabilities
|
|
33: 120–127
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jordan, Joanne, McKenna, Hugh, Keeney, Sinead
|
|
et al (2012) Providing meaningful care: learning from the experiences of suicidal young men. Qualitative health research
|
|
22: 1207–19 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22785623" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22785623</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- Population not in PICO</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Study included men who had experienced suicidal ideation but did not specify whether any participants had self-harmed</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Keogh, Brian; Doyle, Louise; Morrissey, Jean (2007) Suicidal behaviour. A study of emergency nurses’ educational needs when caring for this patient group. Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association
|
|
15: 30–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17760238" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17760238</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Leavey, Gerard, Mallon, Sharon, Rondon-Sulbaran, Janeet
|
|
et al (2017) The failure of suicide prevention in primary care: family and GP perspectives - a qualitative study. BMC psychiatry
|
|
17: 369 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5697339/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5697339</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29157221" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29157221</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lee, Frances (2016) Self-harm training in secondary schools: An educational psychology intervention using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Educational and Child Psychology
|
|
33: 105–116
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Population not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Leung, M., Chow, C. B., Ip, P. K. P.
|
|
et al (2019) Self-harm attempters’ perception of community services and its implication on service provision. International Journal of Nursing Sciences
|
|
6: 50–57 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6608664/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6608664</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31406869" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31406869</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lindeman, M. A.; Kuipers, P.; Grant, L. (2015) Front-line worker perspectives on indigenous youth suicide in Central Australia: Contributors and prevention strategies. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health
|
|
17: 191–196
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lindgren, B. M., I, O.
|
|
Ster, Astrom, S.
|
|
et al (2011) ‘They don’t understand … you cut yourself in order to live.’ Interpretative repertoires jointly constructing interactions between adult women who self-harm and professional caregivers. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being
|
|
6: 7254 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3166521/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3166521</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21897829" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21897829</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Long, Maggie; Manktelow, Roger; Tracey, Anne (2016) “Knowing that I’m not alone”: client perspectives on counselling for self-injury. Journal of mental health (Abingdon, England)
|
|
25: 41–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26651377" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26651377</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lukaschek, K.; Erazo, N.; Ladwig, K. H. (2016) Police deployment after railway suicide: A qualitative content analysis of 127 narrative reports. Nervenheilkunde
|
|
35: 329–335
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Study not in english</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Maple, M.; McKay, K.; Sanford, R. (2019) The attempt was my own! suicide attempt survivors respond to an Australian community-based suicide exposure survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|
|
16: 4549 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6888602/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6888602</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31752077" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31752077</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Maple, Myfanwy, McKay, Kathy, Hess, Nicole C. L.
|
|
et al (2019) Providing support following exposure to suicide: A mixed method study. Health & social care in the community
|
|
27: 965–972 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30680822" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30680822</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- Population not in PICO</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Participants are people providing support to people bereaved by suicide</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Martin, Catherine and Chapman, Rose (2014) A mixed method study to determine the attitude of Australian emergency health professionals towards patients who present with deliberate self-poisoning. International emergency nursing
|
|
22: 98–104 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24207085" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24207085</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Marzano, Lisa; Ciclitira, Karen; Adler, Joanna (2012) The impact of prison staff responses on self-harming behaviours: prisoners’ perspectives. The British journal of clinical psychology
|
|
51: 4–18 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22268538" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22268538</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mason, Karen; Geist, Monica; Clark, Mollie (2019) A Developmental Model of Clergy Engagement With Suicide: A Qualitative Study. Omega
|
|
79: 347–363 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28604228" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28604228</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Population not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
McAllister, Margaret, Moyle, Wendy, Billett, Stephen
|
|
et al (2009) ‘I can actually talk to them now’: qualitative results of an educational intervention for emergency nurses caring for clients who self-injure. Journal of clinical nursing
|
|
18: 2838–45 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19374701" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19374701</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
McGrath, Ryan L., Parnell, Tracey, Verdon, Sarah
|
|
et al (2020) Trust, conversations and the ‘middle space’: A qualitative exploration of the experiences of physiotherapists with clients with suicidal thoughts and behaviours. PloS one
|
|
15: e0238884 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7482971/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7482971</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32913352" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32913352</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Population not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Michail, Maria and Tait, Lynda (2016) Exploring general practitioners’ views and experiences on suicide risk assessment and management of young people in primary care: a qualitative study in the UK. BMJ open
|
|
6: e009654 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4716217/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4716217</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26758263" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26758263</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Montross Thomas, Lori P., Palinkas, Lawrence A., Meier, Emily A.
|
|
et al (2014) Yearning to be heard: what veterans teach us about suicide risk and effective interventions. Crisis
|
|
35: 161–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24698725" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24698725</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Moseley, R. L., Gregory, N. J., Smith, P.
|
|
et al (2019) A ‘choice’, an ‘addiction’, a way ‘out of the lost’: exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability. Molecular autism
|
|
10: 18 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6458651/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6458651</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31007885" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31007885</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mughal, F., Troya, M. I., Dikomitis, L.
|
|
et al (2020) Role of the GP in the management of patients with self-harm behaviour: A systematic review. Cancer Prevention Research
|
|
13: E364–E373 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7015161/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7015161</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32041771" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32041771</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Newman, C. F. (2005) Reducing the risk of suicide in patients with bipolar disorder: Interventions and safeguards. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice
|
|
12: 76–88
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ngune, I., Hasking, P., McGough, S.
|
|
et al (2020) Perceptions of knowledge, attitude and skills about non-suicidal self-injury: A survey of emergency and mental health nurses. International journal of mental health nursing [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33269517" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33269517</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Quantitative study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
O’Connor, Sophie and Glover, Lesley (2017) Hospital staff experiences of their relationships with adults who self-harm: A meta-synthesis. Psychology and psychotherapy
|
|
90: 480–501 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28035740" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28035740</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
O’Donovan, A. and Gijbels, H. (2006) Understanding Psychiatric Nursing Care with Nonsuicidal Self-Harming Patients in Acute Psychiatric Admission Units: The Views of Psychiatric Nurses. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing
|
|
20: 186–192 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16846779" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16846779</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Full text not provided</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Perry, Amanda E., Waterman, Mitch G., House, Allan O.
|
|
et al (2019) Implementation of a problem-solving training initiative to reduce self-harm in prisons: a qualitative perspective of prison staff, field researchers and prisoners at risk of self-harm. Health & justice
|
|
7: 14 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6717963/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6717963</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31368051" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31368051</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pierret, A. C. S., Anderson, J. K., Ford, T. J.
|
|
et al (2020) Review: Education and training interventions, and support tools for school staff to adequately respond to young people who disclose self-harm - a systematic literature review of effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability. Child and Adolescent Mental Health [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33277965" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33277965</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Popadiuk, Natalee; Young, Richard A.; Valach, Ladislav (2008) Clinician perspectives on the therapeutic use of the self-confrontation procedure with suicidal clients. Journal of Mental Health Counseling
|
|
30: 14–30
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Study lacks direct qualitative data on either skills or supervision</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Rebair, Annessa and Hulatt, Ian (2017) Identifying nurses’ needs in relation to suicide awareness and prevention. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
|
|
31: 44–51 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28247791" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28247791</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Full text not provided</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Reeves, A. and Mintz, R. (2001) Counsellors’ experiences of working with suicidal clients: An exploratory study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research
|
|
1: 172–176
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Population not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Reichardt, Jane (2016) Exploring school experiences of young people who have self-harmed: How can schools help?. Educational and Child Psychology
|
|
33: 28–39
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Full text not provided</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Rippon, Daniel; Reid, Keith; Kay, Gail (2018) Views on restrictive practices on young people in psychiatric wards. Nursing Times
|
|
114: 4–4
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ross, Victoria; Kolves, Kairi; De Leo, Diego (2017) Teachers’ Perspectives on Preventing Suicide in Children and Adolescents in Schools: A Qualitative Study. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research
|
|
21: 519–530 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27578394" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27578394</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Population not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Rossetti, Jeanette, Jones-Bendel, Trish, Portell, Pauline
|
|
et al (2012) Changing attitudes about self-injury prevention management: lessons learned. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services
|
|
50: 42–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22533841" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22533841</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Russell-Broaddus, C. A. (2004) The suicidal patient’s experience of nursing care in the emergency room. msn: N.PAG p-N.PAG p
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Scheckel, Martha M. and Nelson, Kimberly A. (2014) An interpretive study of nursing students’ experiences of caring for suicidal persons. Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing
|
|
30: 426–35 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25223291" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25223291</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Population not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Shamsaei, Farshid; Yaghmaei, Safura; Haghighi, Mohammad (2020) Exploring the lived experiences of the suicide attempt survivors: a phenomenological approach. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health & Well-Being
|
|
15: 1–11 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7172699/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7172699</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32223374" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32223374</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Country not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sharpe, T. L., Jacobson Frey, J., Osteen, P. J.
|
|
et al (2014) Perspectives and Appropriateness of Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training for MSW Students. Social Work in Mental Health
|
|
12: 117–131
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Population not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Shilubane, Hilda N., Bos, Arjan Er, Ruiter, Robert Ac
|
|
et al (2015) High school suicide in South Africa: teachers’ knowledge, views and training needs. BMC public health
|
|
15: 245 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4369108/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4369108</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25884473" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25884473</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Shtivelband, Annette; Aloise-Young, Patricia A.; Chen, Peter Y. (2015) Sustaining the Effects of Gatekeeper Suicide Prevention Training. Crisis
|
|
36: 102–109 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25708255" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25708255</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sousa, Marta, Goncalves, Rui Abrunhosa, Cruz, Ana Rita
|
|
et al (2019) Prison officers’ attitudes towards self-harm in prisoners. International journal of law and psychiatry
|
|
66: 101490 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31706411" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31706411</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Quantitative study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Stallman, Helen M. (2020) Online needs-based and strengths-focused suicide prevention training: Evaluation of Care · Collaborate · Connect. Australian Psychologist
|
|
55: 220–229
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Stanley, Nicky, Mallon, Sharon, Bell, Jo
|
|
et al (2010) Suicidal students’ use of and attitudes to primary care support services. Primary Health Care Research and Development
|
|
11: 315–325
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sun, Fan-Ko, Long, Ann, Boore, Jennifer
|
|
et al (2006) Patients and nurses’ perceptions of ward environmental factors and support systems in the care of suicidal patients. Journal of clinical nursing
|
|
15: 83–92 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16390527" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16390527</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Country not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sun, Fan-Ko, Long, Ann, Chiang, Chun-Ying
|
|
et al (2019) A theory to guide nursing students caring for patients with suicidal tendencies on psychiatric clinical practicum. Nurse education in practice
|
|
38: 157–163 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31302590" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31302590</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Country not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sun, Fan-Ko, Long, Ann, Chiang, Chun-Ying
|
|
et al (2020) The psychological processes voiced by nursing students when caring for suicidal patients during their psychiatric clinical practicum: A qualitative study. Journal of clinical nursing
|
|
29: 525–534 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31715048" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31715048</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Country not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sweeney, F.; Clarbour, J.; Oliver, A. (2018) Prison officers’ experiences of working with adult male offenders who engage in suicide-related behaviour. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology
|
|
29: 467–482
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Talseth, Anne-Grethe and Gilje, Fredricka L. (2011) Nurses’ responses to suicide and suicidal patients: a critical interpretive synthesis. Journal of clinical nursing
|
|
20: 1651–67 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21366737" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21366737</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Taylor, B. (2003) Exploring the perspectives of men who self-harm. Learning in Health & Social Care
|
|
2: 83–91
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Taylor, Tatiana L., Hawton, Keith, Fortune, Sarah
|
|
et al (2009) Attitudes towards clinical services among people who self-harm: systematic review. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science
|
|
194: 104–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19182168" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19182168</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Vandewalle, J., Deproost, E., Goossens, P.
|
|
et al (2020) The working alliance with people experiencing suicidal ideation: A qualitative study of nurses’ perspectives. Journal of advanced nursing
|
|
76: 3069–3081 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32830365" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32830365</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Population not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Vatne, May and Naden, Dagfinn (2018) Experiences that inspire hope: Perspectives of suicidal patients. Nursing ethics
|
|
25: 444–457 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27521246" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27521246</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Vedana, Kelly Graziani Giacchero, Magrini, Daniel Fernando, Miasso, Adriana Inocenti
|
|
et al (2017) Emergency Nursing Experiences in Assisting People With Suicidal Behavior: A Grounded Theory Study. Archives of psychiatric nursing
|
|
31: 345–351 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28693869" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28693869</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Vrale, G. B. and Steen, E. (2005) The dynamics between structure and flexibility in constant observation of psychiatric inpatients with suicidal ideation. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing
|
|
12: 513–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16164500" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16164500</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Population not in PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Warrender, D. (2015) Staff nurse perceptions of the impact of mentalization-based therapy skills training when working with borderline personality disorder in acute mental health: a qualitative study. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing
|
|
22: 623–33 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26148873" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26148873</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<i>Qualitative data are feedback on training for a specific psychosocial intervention (Mentalisation-Based Therapy)</i>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Wheatley, Malcolm and Austin-Payne, Hannah (2009) Nursing staff knowledge and attitudes towards deliberate self-harm in adults and adolescents in an inpatient setting. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy
|
|
37: 293–309 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19393121" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19393121</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- Quantitative study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Whisenhunt, J. L., Chang, C. Y., Flowers, L. R.
|
|
et al (2014) Working with clients who self-injure: A grounded theory approach. Journal of Counseling and Development
|
|
92: 387–397
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">- No direct qualitative data on phenomena of interest</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobbcms6511appjtab2"><div id="bcms6511.appj.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Excluded studies from the guideline economic review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK588196/table/bcms6511.appj.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__bcms6511.appj.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Adrian, M., Lyon, A. R., Nicodimos, S., Pullmann, M. D., McCauley, E., Enhanced “Train and Hope” for Scalable, Cost-Effective Professional Development in Youth Suicide Prevention, Crisis, 39, 235–246, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29183240" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29183240</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant to any of the review questions in the guideline - this study examined the impact of an educational training ongoing intervention, and the effect of the post-training reminder system, on mental health practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour surrounding suicide assessment and intervention. As well, this study was not a full health economic evaluation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Borschmann
|
|
R, Barrett
|
|
B, Hellier
|
|
JM, et al
|
|
Joint crisis plans for people with borderline personality disorder: feasibility and outcomes in a randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2013;202(5):357–364. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23637110" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23637110</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant to any of the review questions in the guideline - this study examined the feasibility of recruiting and retaining adults with borderline personality disorder to a pilot randomised controlled trial investigating the potential efficacy and cost-effectiveness of using a joint crisis plan</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bustamante Madsen, L., Eddleston, M., Schultz Hansen, K., Konradsen, F., Quality Assessment of Economic Evaluations of Suicide and Self-Harm Interventions, Crisis, 39, 82–95, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28914094" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28914094</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design - this review of health economics studies has been excluded for this guideline, but its references have been hand-searched for any relevant health economic study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Byford, S., Barrett, B., Aglan, A., Harrington, V., Burroughs, H., Kerfoot, M., Harrington, R. C., Lifetime and current costs of supporting young adults who deliberately poisoned themselves in childhood and adolescence, Journal of Mental Health, 18, 297–306, 2009
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Byford, S., Leese, M., Knapp, M., Seivewright, H., Cameron, S., Jones, V., Davidson, K., Tyrer, P., Comparison of alternative methods of collection of service use data for the economic evaluation health care interventions, Health Economics, 16, 531–536, 2007 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17001749" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17001749</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Byford, Sarah, Barber, Julie A., Harrington, Richard, Barber, Baruch
|
|
Beautrais
|
|
Blough
|
|
Brent
|
|
Brodie
|
|
Byford
|
|
Carlson
|
|
Chernoff
|
|
Collett
|
|
Fergusson
|
|
Garland
|
|
Goldberg
|
|
Harman
|
|
Harrington
|
|
Hawton
|
|
Huber
|
|
Kazdin
|
|
Kazdin
|
|
Kerfoot
|
|
Kerfoot
|
|
Kerfoot
|
|
Knapp
|
|
Lindsey
|
|
McCullagh
|
|
Miller
|
|
Netten
|
|
Reynolds
|
|
Sadowski
|
|
Shaffer
|
|
Simms
|
|
Wu, Factors that influence the cost of deliberate self-poisoning in children and adolescents, Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 4, 113–121, 2001 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11967471" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11967471</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Denchev, P., Pearson, J. L., Allen, M. H., Claassen, C. A., Currier, G. W., Zatzick, D. F., Schoenbaum, M., Modeling the cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce suicide risk among hospital emergency department patients, Psychiatric Services, 69, 23–31, 2018 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5750130/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5750130</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28945181" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28945181</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant to any of the review questions in the guideline - this study estimated the cost-effectiveness of outpatient interventions (Postcards, Telephone outreach, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy) to reduce suicide risk among patients presenting to general hospital emergency departments</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dunlap, L. J., Orme, S., Zarkin, G. A., Arias, S. A., Miller, I. W., Camargo, C. A., Sullivan, A. F., Allen, M. H., Goldstein, A. B., Manton, A. P., Clark, R., Boudreaux, E. D., Screening and Intervention for Suicide Prevention: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the ED-SAFE Interventions, Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), appips201800445, 2019 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31451063" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31451063</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant to any of the review questions in the guideline - this study estimated the cost-effectiveness of suicide screening followed by an intervention to identify suicidal individuals and prevent recurring self-harm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fernando, S. M., Reardon, P. M., Ball, I. M., van Katwyk, S., Thavorn, K., Tanuseputro, P., Rosenberg, E., Kyeremanteng, K., Outcomes and Costs of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit Due to Accidental or Intentional Poisoning, Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, 35, 386–393, 2020 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29357777" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29357777</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Flood, C., Bowers, L., Parkin, D., Estimating the costs of conflict and containment on adult acute inpatient psychiatric wards, Nursing economic$, 26, 325–330, 324, 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18979699" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18979699</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fortune, Z., Barrett, B., Armstrong, D., Coid, J., Crawford, M., Mudd, D., Rose, D., Slade, M., Spence, R., Tyrer, P., Moran, P., Clinical and economic outcomes from the UK pilot psychiatric services for personality-disordered offenders, International Review of Psychiatry, 23, 61–9, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21338300" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21338300</span></a>]
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant to any of the review questions in the guideline</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
George, S., Javed, M., Hemington-Gorse, S., Wilson-Jones, N., Epidemiology and financial implications of self-inflicted burns, Burns, 42, 196–201, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26670160" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26670160</span></a>]
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Gunnell, D., Shepherd, M., Evans, M., Are recent increases in deliberate self-harm associated with changes in socio-economic conditions?
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An ecological analysis of patterns of deliberate self-harm in Bristol 1972–3 and 1995–6, Psychological medicine, 30, 1197–1203, 2000 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12027054" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12027054</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design - cost-of-illness study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Kapur, N., House, A., Dodgson, K., Chris, M., Marshall, S., Tomenson, B., Creed, F., Management and costs of deliberate self-poisoning in the general hospital: A multi-centre study, Journal of Mental Health, 11, 223–230, 2002
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Kapur, N., House, A., May, C., Creed, F., Service provision and outcome for deliberate self-poisoning in adults - Results from a six centre descriptive study, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 390–395, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12861446" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12861446</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Kinchin, I., Russell, A. M. T., Byrnes, J., McCalman, J., Doran, C. M., Hunter, E., The cost of hospitalisation for youth self-harm: differences across age groups, sex, Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55, 425–434, 2020 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31732765" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31732765</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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O’Leary, F. M., Lo, M. C. I., Schreuder, F. B., “Cuts are costly”: A review of deliberate self-harm admissions to a district general hospital plastic surgery department over a 12-month period, Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 67, e109–e110, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24183058" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24183058</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Olfson, M., Gameroff, M. J., Marcus, S. C., Greenberg, T., Shaffer, D., National trends in hospitalization of youth with intentional self-inflicted injuries, American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1328–1335, 2005 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15994716" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15994716</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Ostertag, L., Golay, P., Dorogi, Y., Brovelli, S., Cromec, I., Edan, A., Barbe, R., Saillant, S., Michaud, L., Self-harm in French-speaking Switzerland: A socio-economic analysis (7316), Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 70 (Supplement 8), 48S, 2019
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Ougrin, D., Corrigall, R., Poole, J., Zundel, T., Sarhane, M., Slater, V., Stahl, D., Reavey, P., Byford, S., Heslin, M., Ivens, J., Crommelin, M., Abdulla, Z., Hayes, D., Middleton, K., Nnadi, B., Taylor, E., Comparison of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intensive community supported discharge service versus treatment as usual for adolescents with psychiatric emergencies: a randomised controlled trial, The Lancet Psychiatry, 5, 477–485, 2018 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5994473/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5994473</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29731412" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29731412</span></a>]
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not self-harm. In addition, the interventions evaluated in this economic analysis (a supported discharge service provided by an intensive community treatment team compared to usual care) were not relevant to any review questions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Palmer, S., Davidson, K., Tyrer, P., Gumley, A., Tata, P., Norrie, J., Murray, H., Seivewright, H., The cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder: results from the BOSCOT trial, Journal of Personality Disorders, 20, 466–481, 2006 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1852260/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1852260</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17032159" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17032159</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not self-harm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Quinlivan
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L, Steeg
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S, Elvidge
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J, et al
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Risk assessment scales to predict risk of hospital treated repeat self-harm: A cost-effectiveness modelling analysis. J Affect Disord. 2019;249:208–215. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30772749" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30772749</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not relevant to any of the review questions in the guideline - this study estimated the cost-effectiveness of of risk assessment scales versus clinical assessment for adults attending an emergency department following self-harm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Richardson
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JS, Mark
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TL, McKeon
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R. The return on investment of postdischarge follow-up calls for suicidal ideation or deliberate self-harm. Psychiatr Serv. 2014;65(8):1012–1019. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24788454" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24788454</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not enough data reporting on cost-effectiveness findings</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Smits, M. L., Feenstra, D. J., Eeren, H. V., Bales, D. L., Laurenssen, E. M. P., Blankers, M., Soons, M. B. J., Dekker, J. J. M., Lucas, Z., Verheul, R., Luyten, P., Day hospital versus intensive out-patient mentalisation-based treatment for borderline personality disorder: Multicentre randomised clinical trial, British Journal of Psychiatry, 216, 79–84, 2020 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30791963" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30791963</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not self-harm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Tsiachristas, A., Geulayov, G., Casey, D., Ness, J., Waters, K., Clements, C., Kapur, N., McDaid, D., Brand, F., Hawton, K., Incidence and general hospital costs of self-harm across England: estimates based on the multicentre study of self-harm, Epidemiology & Psychiatric Science, 29, e108, 2020 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7214546/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7214546</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32160934" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32160934</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Tsiachristas, A., McDaid, D., Casey, D., Brand, F., Leal, J., Park, A. L., Geulayov, G., Hawton, K., General hospital costs in England of medical and psychiatric care for patients who self-harm: a retrospective analysis, The Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 759–767, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5614771/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5614771</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28890321" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28890321</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design – no comparative cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Tubeuf, S., Saloniki, E. C., Cottrell, D., Parental Health Spillover in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Evidence from Self-Harming Adolescents in England, PharmacoEconomics, 37, 513–530, 2019 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30294758" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30294758</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study is not a separate study from one already included in the guideline for topic 5.2 (Cottrel 2018). This secondary analysis presents alternative parental health spillover quantification methods in the context of a randomised controlled trial comparing family therapy with treatment as usual as an intervention for self-harming adolescents of (Cottrel 2018), and discusses the practical limitations of those methods</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Tyrer, P., Thompson, S., Schmidt, U., Jones, V., Knapp, M., Davidson, K., Catalan, J., Airlie, J., Baxter, S., Byford, S., Byrne, G., Cameron, S., Caplan, R., Cooper, S., Ferguson, B., Freeman, C., Frost, S., Godley, J., Greenshields, J., Henderson, J., Holden, N., Keech, P., Kim, L., Logan, K., Manley, C., MacLeod, A., Murphy, R., Patience, L., Ramsay, L., De Munroz, S., Scott, J., Seivewright, H., Sivakumar, K., Tata, P., Thornton, S., Ukoumunne, O. C., Wessely, S., Randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive behaviour therapy versus treatment as usual in recurrent deliberate self-harm: The POPMACT study, Psychological medicine, 33, 969–976, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12946081" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12946081</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design - no economic evaluation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Van Roijen, L. H., Sinnaeve, R., Bouwmans, C., Van Den Bosch, L., Cost-effectiveness and Cost-utility of Shortterm Inpatient Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Chronically Parasuicidal BPD (Young) Adults, Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 18, S19–S20, 2015
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</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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van Spijker, B. A., Majo, M. C., Smit, F., van Straten, A., Kerkhof, A. J., Reducing suicidal ideation: cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized controlled trial of unguided web-based self-help, Journal of medical Internet research, 14, e141, 2012 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3517339/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3517339</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23103835" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23103835</span></a>]
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_bcms6511.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not self-harm</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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