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management of non-specific symptoms related to Lyme disease" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK578166_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for the management of non-specific symptoms related to
Lyme disease</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Lyme disease: diagnosis and management</div><p><b>Evidence review E</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 95</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2018 Apr</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-2919-1</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> &#x000a9; NICE 2018.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch5.s1"><h2 id="_ch5_s1_">1. Management (non-specific symptoms)</h2><div id="ch5.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What is the most clinically and cost-effective
treatment for people who have non-specific symptoms that may be related
to Lyme disease?</h3></div><div id="ch5.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>People with Lyme disease may present with non-specific or non-focal
symptoms such as headache, fatigue, dizziness and muscle pain, which can
be distressing and impact their quality of life. This review question is
important to understand the most appropriate antibiotic and duration of
treatment for these presentations.</p><p>These people might not have the typical erythema migrans (EM) rash at the
site of the tick bite and there is currently no standardised management
approach for these people.</p><p>For full details, see the review protocol in <a href="#ch5.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch5tab1"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch5tab1" rid-ob="figobch5tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch5.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch5.s1.3"><h3>1.3. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="ch5.s1.3.1"><h4>1.3.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant RCTs and cohort studies assessing the effectiveness of
antimicrobial therapy in people with solely non-specific symptoms
and no prior antibiotic treatment of Lyme disease were
identified.</p><p>Studies in people with Lyme disease, who had persistent, non-specific
symptoms despite having undergone antibiotic treatment, were
included in the chapter on the management of persistent symptoms
related to Lyme disease.</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch5.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="ch5.s1.3.2"><h4>1.3.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch5.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="ch5.s1.3.3"><h4>1.3.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence
review</h4><p>No evidence was identified.</p></div><div id="ch5.s1.3.4"><h4>1.3.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence
review</h4><p>No evidence was identified.</p></div></div><div id="ch5.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Economic evidence</h3><div id="ch5.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were identified.</p></div><div id="ch5.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were identified and excluded.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch5.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div><div id="ch5.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Unit costs</h4><p>The following unit costs were presented to the committee to aid
consideration of cost-effectiveness.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch5tab2"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch5tab2" rid-ob="figobch5tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. UK costs of antimicrobials." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch5.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">UK costs of antimicrobials. </p></div></div><p>The cost of intravenous antibiotics will vary depending on where
these are administered and by whom. These costs will include some of
the following cost components: <ul id="ch5.l14"><li id="ch5.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>antibiotic</div></li><li id="ch5.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>nursing time (for example, Band 6 nurse, &#x000a3;44 per
hour, PSSRU 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref40" rid="ch5.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a>)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>clinic space and clerical time (for outpatient
administration)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>travel time (for home administration)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>hospital bed (for inpatient administration)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>consumables (for example, cannula, needles, syringes,
dressing, IV giving set and glucose or sodium chloride
solution).</div></li></ul></p><p>A large proportion of the total cost of intravenous antibiotics is
likely to be the cost of administration rather than the drug itself.
As a result, intravenous drugs that have multiple doses administered
per day will be more costly than those administered once daily. This
was explored in a detailed costing analysis conducted for the NICE
CG102 (Meningitis [bacterial] and meningococcal septicaemia in under
16s).<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref114" rid="ch5.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a> In this analysis, they found that
ceftriaxone was the cheapest antibiotic when compared to cefotaxime
and benzylpenicillin. This was due to savings in staff time
associated with once daily dosing, which offset the higher cost of
the drug itself.</p><div id="ch5.s1.4.3.1"><h5>Inpatient administration</h5><p>Intravenous antibiotics administered in an inpatient setting will
incur the cost of an inpatient stay, which is assumed to include
intravenous antibiotics treatment as part of the unit cost. The
estimated weighted average unit cost of non-elective inpatient
stays and day cases for infectious disease in adults and
children are summarised in the table below using the NHS
reference costs 2015/2016.<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref45" rid="ch5.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch5tab3"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch5tab3" rid-ob="figobch5tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Unit costs of inpatient administration." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch5.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Unit costs of inpatient administration. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch5.s1.4.3.2"><h5>Outpatient administration</h5><p>Intravenous antibiotics may also be administered as part of an
outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) service, which
is available in some hospitals. This allows for administration
in an outpatient clinic or in a home setting by a district nurse
and is for people who require parenteral treatment but are
otherwise stable and well enough not to be in hospital. There is
currently no NHS reference cost for this service.</p><p>A UK study by Chapman 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref29" rid="ch5.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a> reports that this type of service
costs between 41% and 61% of the equivalent inpatient costs.
Based on these estimates from Chapman 2009 and the unit cost for
an adult day case in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch5tab3" rid-ob="figobch5tab3">Table
3</a>, the cost of OPAT would be approximately
&#x000a3;144 to &#x000a3;215 per day. These costs would include
the cost of the drug as well as the administration.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch5.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Resource impact</h3><p>We do not expect recommendations resulting from this review area to have
a significant impact on resources.</p></div><div id="ch5.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="ch5.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><p>No relevant published evidence was identified.</p></div><div id="ch5.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><p>No relevant economic evaluations were identified.</p></div></div><div id="ch5.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee&#x02019;s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="ch5.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="ch5.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The guideline committee considered quality of life, cure or the
resolution of non-specific Lyme disease symptoms, the reduction
of non-specific Lyme disease symptoms, and the relapse of
non-specific Lyme disease symptoms to be critical outcomes.
Adverse events as a result of treatment were considered to be an
important outcome.</p><p>No evidence on non-specific symptoms associated with Lyme disease
was identified.</p></div><div id="ch5.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>No evidence on non-specific symptoms associated with Lyme disease
was identified in this review.</p></div><div id="ch5.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>No evidence on non-specific symptoms associated with Lyme disease
was identified in this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch5.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>No health economic evidence was identified. The unit costs of
different oral and intravenous antimicrobials were presented to the
committee. The cost of oral doxycycline and amoxicillin is much
lower than that of intravenous ceftriaxone (&#x000a3;4.57 and
&#x000a3;7.62 versus &#x000a3;21.63 in adults). The committee also
considered the cost of intravenous administration, which would
include the cost of nurse time, clinic space and clerical time (if
administered in an outpatient setting), nurse travel time (if
administered at home) and disposables required for administration.
These costs would likely be greater than the cost of the antibiotics
themselves.</p><p>The committee recommended oral doxycycline or amoxicillin for people
with non-specific Lyme disease. The dose and duration is based on
committee consideration of evidence for other presentations of Lyme
disease and consensus. For those in whom both doxycycline and
amoxicillin are contraindicated, azithromycin is recommended. The
unit cost of azithromycin is low at &#x000a3;3.75 for 500 mg, once
daily for 3 days for 3 weeks.</p><p>The recommendations for children closely reflect those for adults,
unless drugs are contraindicated. For younger children, oral
suspension formulations may be required rather than tablets. The
unit costs of the recommended antimicrobials for children are not
dissimilar to those for adults.</p><p>The committee considered the different adverse event profiles of
different antimicrobials and whether these may impact the costs of
managing Lyme disease as well as their impact on the
patient&#x02019;s quality of life. Doxycycline adverse events, for
example, include photosensitivity, nausea and vomiting. It was also
noted that a rare side effect of azithromycin is QT prolongation. In
practice, if a patient experiences any of these adverse events,
these would be managed by switching to another antimicrobial;
therefore, the cost to the NHS would be a consultation with a GP and
additional antimicrobials. These costs are considered to be low and
would be offset by the cure and reduction of symptoms after
successful treatment of Lyme disease.</p><p>The committee agreed that this potential change in practice in terms
of a longer course of antimicrobials would not result in a
significant resource impact given the relatively small number of
people diagnosed with Lyme disease.</p></div><div id="ch5.s1.7.3"><h4>1.7.3. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>Non-specific symptoms could be an indication of an acute infection
without the involvement of specific organ systems. The committee
agreed that people with a positive test result for Lyme disease and
non-specific symptoms should be treated in the same way as people
with an erythema migrans rash.</p><p>The evidence identified through the evidence review on the management
of erythema migrans influenced the recommendations made for the
management of non-specific symptoms. There was evidence that
doxycycline was more effective than some other antibiotics, but
there was no clear evidence that doxycycline was more effective than
an amoxicillin/probenecid combination or azithromycin. The committee
noted that doxycycline and amoxicillin can penetrate the
blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and pass into the central nervous
system, whereas azithromycin cannot. Doxycycline can also be taken
as a single daily dose.</p><p>Therefore, the committee recommended doxycycline as the antibiotic of
choice. In cases where doxycycline is contraindication, amoxicillin
should be offered to the patient. Azithromycin can be offered if
doxycycline and amoxicillin are contraindicated. The guideline
recommends that care of children and young people less than 18 years
should be discussed with a specialist for advice about diagnosis and
management. In children under the age of 12, amoxicillin is
recommended as the antibiotic of choice.</p><p>The guideline committee was aware that specialists do offer
doxycycline in children aged 9 years and above as a result of
indirect evidence from the United States and Scandinavia despite no
licence or BNFC dose., There is also increasing indirect evidence
from use in other conditions in the United States and Canada that
doxycycline does not cause teeth staining when used for short course
(less than 4 weeks) in children aged 2 years and older and
international practice is moving to recommend use above 2 years. UK
specialist clinicians may choose to use doxycycline as second line
where a CSF-penetrating oral antibiotic is required, although the
lack of direct evidence, lack of licence and lack of BNFC dose
regimen has so far limited UK use in children aged 8 and under.
Where used, in the United States and Canada, 1 dose regimen of
doxycycline for children under 45 kilograms is: 5 milligram/kilogram
in 2 divided doses on day 1 followed by 2.5 milligram/kilogram daily
in 1 or 2 divided doses with a maximum for severe infections, up to
5 milligram/kilogram daily.</p><p>Azithromycin should be otherwise be offered in cases where
amoxicillin is contraindicated. The committee made research
recommendations for the development of a core outcome set for use in
studies of Lyme disease and a research recommendation for antibiotic
management. These are outlines in detail in <a href="/books/n/niceng95er4/?report=reader" class="toc-item">appendix J</a> of <a href="/books/n/niceng95er4/?report=reader" class="toc-item">evidence report D</a>.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch5.rl.r1"><h2 id="_ch5_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref1">Aberer
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37(5):1049&#x02013;1055 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20360182" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20360182</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>182.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref182">Tseng
YJ,
Demaria
A,
Goldmann
DA,
Mandl
KD.
Claims-based diagnostic patterns of patients
evaluated for lyme disease and given extended antibiotic
therapy. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic
Diseases. 2017;
17(2):116&#x02013;122 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27855040" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27855040</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>183.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref183">Valesova
H,
Mailer
J,
Havlik
J,
Hulinska
D,
Hercogova
J. Long-term
results in patients with Lyme arthritis following treatment with
ceftriaxone. Infection.
1996;
24(1):98&#x02013;102 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8852482" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8852482</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>184.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref184">Vazquez-Lopez
ME,
Diez-Morrondo
C,
Sanchez-Andrade
A,
Pego-Reigosa
R,
Diaz
P,
Castro-Gago
M. Articular
manifestations in patients with Lyme disease.
Reumatologia Clinica. 2016;
12(6):327&#x02013;330 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26706656" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26706656</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>185.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref185">Vazquez
M,
Sparrow
SS,
Shapiro
ED.
Long-term neuropsychologic and health outcomes of
children with facial nerve palsy attributable to Lyme
disease. Pediatrics.
2003;
112(2):e93&#x02013;97 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12897313" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12897313</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>186.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref186">Wahlberg
P,
Granlund
H,
Nyman
D,
Panelius
J,
Seppala
I. Treatment
of late Lyme borreliosis. Journal of
Infection. 1994;
29(3):255&#x02013;261 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7884218" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7884218</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>187.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref187">Weber
K,
Neubert
U,
Thurmayr
R.
Antibiotic therapy in early erythema migrans disease
and related disorders. Zentralblatt fur
Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene - Series A, Medical
Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology.
1987;
263(3):377&#x02013;388 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3591091" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3591091</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>188.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref188">Weber
K,
Preac-Mursic
V,
Neubert
U,
Thurmayr
R,
Herzer
P,
Wilske
B
et al. Antibiotic therapy of early European Lyme
borreliosis and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
1988;
539:324&#x02013;345 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3056202" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3056202</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>189.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref189">Weissenbacher
S,
Ring
J,
Hofmann
H.
Gabapentin for the symptomatic treatment of chronic
neuropathic pain in patients with late-stage lyme borreliosis: a
pilot study. Dermatology.
2005;
211(2):123&#x02013;127 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16088158" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16088158</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>190.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref190">White
B,
Seaton
RA,
Evans
TJ.
Management of suspected lyme borreliosis: experience
from an outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy
service. QJM. 2013;
106(2):133&#x02013;138 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23070203" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23070203</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>191.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch5.ref191">Zochling
N,
Mullegger
RR,
Schluepen
EM,
Soyer
HP,
Hodl
S,
Wienecke
R
et al. Minocycline in early Lyme
Borreliosis. Acta Dermatovenerologica
Alpina, Panonica et Adriatica. 1996;
5(3&#x02013;4):163&#x02013;168</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup5"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup5_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch5.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="ch5.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 4. Review protocol for the management of non-specific
symptoms</a></p><p id="ch5.appa.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appatab2" class="figpopup">Table 5. Health economic review protocol</a></p></div><div id="ch5.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied
with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual
2014, updated 2017</p><p>
<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869</a>
</p><p>For more detailed information, please see the Methodology Review.</p><div id="ch5.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>The search for this review was constructed using population terms. An
excluded studies filter was applied where appropriate.</p><p id="ch5.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appbtab1" class="figpopup">Table 6. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch5.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appbtab2" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch5.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appbtab3" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch5.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appbtab4" class="figpopup">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</a></p></div><div id="ch5.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search
relating to Lyme disease population in NHS Economic Evaluation
Database (NHS EED &#x02013; this ceased to be updated after March
2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no
date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the
Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional searches
were run on Medline and Embase for health economics, economic
modelling and quality of life studies.</p><p id="ch5.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appbtab5" class="figpopup">Table 7. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch5.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appbtab6" class="figpopup">Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch5.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appbtab7" class="figpopup">Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch5.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appbtab8" class="figpopup">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</a></p></div></div><div id="ch5.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="ch5.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK578166/figure/ch5.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the reviews of the
management of specific clinical scenarios for Lyme
disease</a></p></div><div id="ch5.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="ch5.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="ch5.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="ch5.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="ch5.appg.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK578166/figure/ch5.appg.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appgfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Flow chart of economic study selection for the
guideline</a></p></div><div id="ch5.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="ch5.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch5.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><p id="ch5.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appitab1" class="figpopup">Table 8. Studies excluded from the clinical management
reviews</a></p></div><div id="ch5.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p id="ch5.appi.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch5appitab2" class="figpopup">Table 9. Studies excluded from the health economic review</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of
NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When
exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully
into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their
patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory
and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals
to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in
consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to
be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users
wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities
for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard
to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity
and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted
in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in
other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and
<a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Northern Ireland
Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be
updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> &#x000a9; NICE 2018.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK578166</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35201694" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">35201694</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5tab1"><div id="ch5.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch5.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch5.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Adults (18 years and over),
young people (12 to 17 years) and children (under 12
years) with Lyme disease determined by a diagnostic
test or clinical diagnosis who have non-specific
symptoms that may be related to Lyme disease. This
includes symptoms such as: <ul id="ch5.l1"><li id="ch5.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>disturbed cognitive function, for example,
memory loss</div></li><li id="ch5.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>dizziness</div></li><li id="ch5.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>fatigue</div></li><li id="ch5.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>fever and sweats</div></li><li id="ch5.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>headache</div></li><li id="ch5.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>lymphadenopathy</div></li><li id="ch5.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>myalgia and muscle stiffness</div></li><li id="ch5.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>neck pain or stiffness</div></li><li id="ch5.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>paraesthesia</div></li><li id="ch5.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>photophobia</div></li></ul></p>
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch5.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_ch5.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Antimicrobials, including
but not limited to: <ul id="ch5.l2"><li id="ch5.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Penicillins <ul id="ch5.l3" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>Amoxicillin (oral, IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ampicillin (oral, IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Benzylpenicillin sodium / Penicillin G (IV)
<dl id="ch5.l4" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch5.lt15"><p class="no_top_margin">Including Augmentin (Amoxicillin and clavulanic
acid; oral, IV)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li><li id="ch5.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Phenoxymethylpenicillin / Penicillin V
(oral)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tetracyclines <ul id="ch5.l5" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Doxycycline (oral)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>Minocycline (oral)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cephalosporins <ul id="ch5.l6" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cefotaxime (IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ceftriaxone (IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cefuroxime axetil (oral)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>Macrolides <ul id="ch5.l7" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>Azithromycin (oral)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clarithromycin (oral, IV)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluoroquinolones <ul id="ch5.l8" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ciprofloxacin (oral, IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>Levofloxacin (oral, IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moxifloxacin (oral, IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>Nalidixic acid (oral)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>Norfloxacin (oral)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ofloxacin (oral, IV)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rifampicin (oral, IV)</div></li></ul></p>
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch5.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x02022; Comparisons</th><td headers="hd_b_ch5.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul id="ch5.l9"><li id="ch5.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antimicrobial agents compared with each other
<ul id="ch5.l10" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>If data are available, consider: <dl id="ch5.l11" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch5.lt37"><p class="no_top_margin">Type of antimicrobial agent (within class or
between class)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch5.lt38"><p class="no_top_margin">Route of administration</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch5.lt39"><p class="no_top_margin">Duration of treatment: 1 month versus
longer</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Monotherapy versus polytherapy (any
combination)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antimicrobial agents compared to no treatment /
placebo</div></li></ul>
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch5.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch5.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><b>Critical:</b>
<dl id="ch5.l12" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd id="ch5.lt42"><p class="no_top_margin">Quality of life (any validated measure)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd id="ch5.lt43"><p class="no_top_margin">Cure (resolution of symptoms)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd id="ch5.lt44"><p class="no_top_margin">Reduction of clinical symptoms</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd id="ch5.lt45"><p class="no_top_margin">Symptom relapse</p></dd></dl></dl></p>
<p><b>Important:</b>
<dl id="ch5.l13" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd id="ch5.lt46"><p class="no_top_margin">Adverse events</p></dd></dl></dl></p></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch5.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch5.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Randomised control studies
(RCT)</p>
<p>Cohort studies (if no RCT evidence is
found)</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5tab2"><div id="ch5.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">UK costs of antimicrobials</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Class</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Drug</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Age</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Preparation</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Mg/unit</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost/unit
(&#x000a3;)</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Units/day</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Course duration
(days)</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per course
(&#x000a3;)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Penicillins</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amoxicillin</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7days-11 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125 mg/1.25 ml oral
suspension paediatric</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14&#x02013;28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.35&#x02013;16.70</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1&#x02013;4 years</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">250 mg/5 ml oral
suspension</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">250</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.06</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14&#x02013;28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.37&#x02013;4.75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x0003e;5years</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">capsules</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">500</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.06</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14&#x02013;28<sup>(g)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.54&#x02013;5.08</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Penicillins</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Phenoxymethy
Ipenicillin</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults <sup>(a)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">250</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.04</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.49</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tetracyclines</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doxycycline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x0003e;12 years</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">capsules</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10&#x02013;28 <sup>(h)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.18&#x02013;6.09</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cephalosporins</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cefuroxime axetil</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x0003e;3months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">250</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14&#x02013;28 <sup>(g)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.88&#x02013;141.76</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macrolide</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clarithromycin</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x0003e;1 month</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">500</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14&#x02013;21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.42&#x02013;6.63</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macrolide</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Azithromycin</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x0003c;12 years</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 mg/1 ml oral
suspension</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 mg/kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9<sup>(i)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight dependent</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">500</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9<sup>(i)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cephalosporins</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cefotaxime</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults <sup>(b)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 g powder for solution
for injection vials (IV)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2,000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112.50</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cephalosporins</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ceftriaxone</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x0003e;9 years <sup>(c)</sup><sup>(d)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 g powder for solution
for injection vials (IV) <sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2,000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.03</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14&#x02013;21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.42&#x02013;21.63</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Penicillins</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Benzylpenicillin
sodium</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults <sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">600 mg powder for solution
for injection vials (IM)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">600</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab2_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.38</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: IM: intramuscular; IV: intravenously.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Sources: Unit costs from NHS Electronic Drug Tariff January
2017,<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref117" rid="ch5.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a> except cefotaxime from BNF,
January 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref20" rid="ch5.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a> and ceftriaxone from EMIT
March 2017;<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref37" rid="ch5.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a> dosage from BNF and BNF for
Children January 2017,<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref20" rid="ch5.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref21" rid="ch5.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a>
exceptions below:</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch5.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Source of dosage from RCT in adults with EM: Steere
1983,<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref184" rid="ch5.ref184"><sup>184</sup></a> dosage for Lyme disease not
available from BNF or BNF for children.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch5.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Source of dosage from RCT in adults with
neuroborreliosis: Pfister 1989<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref129" rid="ch5.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a> and Pfister
1991,<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref130" rid="ch5.ref130"><sup>130</sup></a> dosage for Lyme disease not
available from BNF or BNF for children. <a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref20" rid="ch5.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref21" rid="ch5.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch5.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">For disseminated Lyme borreliosis.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch5.tab2_4"><p class="no_margin">Dose for neonate and child up to 11 years (body weight
&#x0003c;50kg) 50&#x02013;80 mg/kg once daily for
14&#x02013;21 days. BNF for children January 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref21" rid="ch5.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a>.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="ch5.tab2_5"><p class="no_margin">Administration can vary in adults and children &#x0003e;1
month: IV infusion over 30 mins or IV injection over 5
mins or deep muscular injection (doses over 1g divided
between more than 1 site): 2g per day for 14&#x02013;21
days BNF January 2017.<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref20" rid="ch5.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(f)</dt><dd><div id="ch5.tab2_6"><p class="no_margin">Source of dosage from RCT in adults with Lyme arthritis:
Steere 1985:<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref163" rid="ch5.ref163"><sup>163</sup></a> 1.2 million U injected in
each buttock weekly intramuscularly. Duration 3 weeks.
Dosage for Lyme disease not available from BNF or BNF
for children. <a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref20" rid="ch5.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref21" rid="ch5.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(g)</dt><dd><div id="ch5.tab2_7"><p class="no_margin">Course duration for early Lyme 14&#x02013;21 days; 28 days
for Lyme arthritis. BNF January 2017.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(h)</dt><dd><div id="ch5.tab2_8"><p class="no_margin">Course duration for early Lyme 10&#x02013;14 days; 28 days
for Lyme arthritis. BNF January 2017.<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref20" rid="ch5.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(i)</dt><dd><div id="ch5.tab2_9"><p class="no_margin">Course dose and duration for adults: 500 mg once daily
for 3 days for 3 weeks. For children under 12 years, 10
mg/kg once daily for 3 days for 3 weeks. Committee
expert opinion.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5tab3"><div id="ch5.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Unit costs of inpatient administration</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Schedule</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Currency
description</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Currency codes</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Weighted average
unit costs (per day)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Day-case adults</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard/major/complex
infectious diseases with/without single/multiple
interventions, with/without CC</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WJ01B, WJ01D, WJ01E,
WJ02B, WJ02C, WJ02D, WJ02E, WJ03A, WJ03B, WJ03C,
WJ03D, WJ03E, WJ03F, WJ03G</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;352</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Day-case
paediatrics</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paediatric
minor/major/intermediate infections with/without
CC</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PW01A, PW01B, PW01C,
PW16A, PW16B, PW16C, PW16D, PW16E, PW17D, PW17E,
PW17F, PW17G</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;448</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-elective inpatient
short-stay adults</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard/major/complex
infectious diseases with/without single/multiple
interventions, with/without CC</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WJ01A, WJ01B, WJ01C,
WJ01D, WJ01E, WJ02A, WJ02B, WJ02C, WJ02D, WJ02E,
WJ03A, WJ03B, WJ03C, WJ03D, WJ03E, WJ03F,
WJ03G</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;432</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-elective inpatient
short-stay paediatrics</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paediatric
minor/major/intermediate infections with/without
CC</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PW01A, PW01B, PW01C,
PW16A, PW16B, PW16C, PW16D, PW16E, PW17D, PW17E,
PW17F, PW17G</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;521</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-elective inpatient
long-stay adults</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard/major/complex
infectious diseases with/without single/multiple
interventions, with/without CC</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">WJ01A, WJ01B, WJ01C,
WJ01D, WJ01E, WJ02A, WJ02B, WJ02C, WJ02D, WJ02E,
WJ03A, WJ03B, WJ03C, WJ03D, WJ03E, WJ03F,
WJ03G</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;473</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-elective inpatient
long-stay paediatrics</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paediatric
minor/major/intermediate infections with/without
CC</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PW01A, PW01B, PW01C,
PW16A, PW16B, PW16C, PW16D, PW16E, PW17D, PW17E,
PW17F, PW17G</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">&#x000a3;699</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Source: NHS reference costs 2015/2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref45" rid="ch5.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appatab1"><div id="ch5.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Review protocol for the management of non-specific
symptoms</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Question number: 4.1</p><p>Relevant section of Scope: management</p></div><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the most clinically
and cost-effective treatment for seropositive people,
who have non-specific symptoms that may be related to
Lyme disease?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Intervention</p>
<p>A review
of health economic evidence related to the same
review question was conducted in parallel with this
review. For details, see the health economic review
protocol for this NICE guideline.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The review questions on the
condition-specific management of Lyme disease aim to
identify the most effective treatment in different
clinical scenarios. The questions have been developed in
a way to identify the evidence for all potential
populations and scenarios, even if clinical
presentations are more diverse. The population for this
review consists of people with a seropositive test
result for Lyme disease, who have non-specific symptoms
that may be related to Lyme disease.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria &#x02013;
population / disease / condition</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Adults (18 years and over),
young people (12 to 17 years) and children (under 12
years) with Lyme disease determined by a diagnostic
tests or clinical diagnosis who have non-specific
symptoms that may be related to Lyme disease. This
includes symptoms such as: <ul id="ch5.l15"><li id="ch5.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>disturbed cognitive function, for example,
memory loss</div></li><li id="ch5.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>dizziness</div></li><li id="ch5.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>fatigue</div></li><li id="ch5.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>fever and sweats</div></li><li id="ch5.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>headache</div></li><li id="ch5.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>lymphadenopathy</div></li><li id="ch5.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>myalgia and muscle stiffness</div></li><li id="ch5.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>neck pain or stiffness</div></li><li id="ch5.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>paraesthesia</div></li><li id="ch5.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>photophobia</div></li></ul></p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria &#x02013;
intervention(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Antimicrobials, including
but not limited to: <ul id="ch5.l16"><li id="ch5.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>Penicillins <ul id="ch5.l17" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>Amoxicillin (oral, IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ampicillin (oral, IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>Benzylpenicillin sodium / Penicillin G (IV)
<dl id="ch5.l18" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch5.lt67"><p class="no_top_margin">Including Augmentin (Amoxicillin and clavulanic
acid; oral, IV)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li><li id="ch5.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>Phenoxymethylpenicillin / Penicillin V
(oral)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tetracyclines <ul id="ch5.l19" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>Doxycycline (oral)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>Minocycline (oral)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt72" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cephalosporins <ul id="ch5.l20" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt73" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cefotaxime (IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt74" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ceftriaxone (IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt75" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cefuroxime axetil (oral)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt76" class="half_rhythm"><div>Macrolides <ul id="ch5.l21" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt77" class="half_rhythm"><div>Azithromycin (oral)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt78" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clarithromycin (oral, IV)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt79" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluoroquinolones <ul id="ch5.l22" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt80" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ciprofloxacin (oral, IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt81" class="half_rhythm"><div>Levofloxacin (oral, IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt82" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moxifloxacin (oral, IV)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt83" class="half_rhythm"><div>Nalidixic acid (oral)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt84" class="half_rhythm"><div>Norfloxacin (oral)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt85" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ofloxacin (oral, IV)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt86" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rifampicin (oral, IV)</div></li></ul></p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria &#x02013;
comparator(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul id="ch5.l23"><li id="ch5.lt87" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antimicrobial agents compared with each other
<ul id="ch5.l24" class="circle"><li id="ch5.lt88" class="half_rhythm"><div>If data are available, consider: <dl id="ch5.l25" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch5.lt89"><p class="no_top_margin">Type of antimicrobial agent (within class or
between class)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch5.lt90"><p class="no_top_margin">Route of administration</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch5.lt91"><p class="no_top_margin">Duration of treatment: 1 month versus
longer</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch5.lt92" class="half_rhythm"><div>Monotherapy versus polytherapy (any
combination)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt93" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antimicrobial agents compared to no treatment /
placebo</div></li></ul>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and
prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><b>Critical:</b>
<dl id="ch5.l26" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd id="ch5.lt94"><p class="no_top_margin">Quality of life (any validated measure)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd id="ch5.lt95"><p class="no_top_margin">Cure (resolution of symptoms)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd id="ch5.lt96"><p class="no_top_margin">Reduction of clinical symptoms</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd id="ch5.lt97"><p class="no_top_margin">Symptom relapse</p></dd></dl></dl></p>
<p><b>Important:</b>
<dl id="ch5.l27" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd id="ch5.lt98"><p class="no_top_margin">Adverse events</p></dd></dl></dl></p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria - study
design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>RCTs</p>
<p>Cohort studies
(if no RCT evidence is found)</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion
criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Date limits for search:
none</p><p>Language: English only</p><p>Setting: all
settings in which NHS is care is provided or
commissioned</p><p>The following interventions will
not be considered for inclusion: <ul id="ch5.l28"><li id="ch5.lt99" class="half_rhythm"><div>Metronidazole</div></li><li id="ch5.lt100" class="half_rhythm"><div>Trimethoprim</div></li></ul></p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity /
subgroup analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>The following groups will
be considered separately if data are available
(strata): <ul id="ch5.l29"><li id="ch5.lt101" class="half_rhythm"><div>Children (under 12 years); young people and
adults (12 years and over)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt102" class="half_rhythm"><div>Onset of specific symptoms less than 6 weeks; 6
weeks to 6 months; over 6 months</div></li></ul></p>
<p>Subgroups (to be investigated if heterogeneity is
identified): <ul id="ch5.l30"><li id="ch5.lt103" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pregnant women</div></li><li id="ch5.lt104" class="half_rhythm"><div>People who are immunocompromised</div></li><li id="ch5.lt105" class="half_rhythm"><div>People in whom a previous course of
antimicrobial treatment has failed</div></li></ul></p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process &#x02013;
duplicate screening / selection / analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies will be sifted by
title and abstract. Potentially significant publications
obtained in full text will then be assessed against the
inclusion criteria specified in this protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management
(software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Pairwise meta-analyses will
be performed using Cochrane Review Manager
(RevMan5).</p>
<p>GRADEpro will be used to assess the
quality of evidence for each
outcome</p>
<p>Bibliographies, citations, study
sifting and reference management will be managed
using EndNote.</p>
<p>Data extractions will be
performed using EviBase, a platform designed and
maintained by the National Guideline Centre
(NGC)</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources &#x02013;
databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Clinical
searches</p>
<p>Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library
all years</p>
<p>Health economic
searches</p>
<p>Medline, Embase, NHS Economic
Evaluation Database (NHS EED), Health Technology
Assessment (HTA) all years</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10007" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10007</a>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to
previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see
section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the
manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy - for one
database</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see <a href="#ch5.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process
&#x02013; forms / duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table
format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch5.appd">appendix D</a> of
the evidence report.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items - define all
variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see
evidence tables in <a href="#ch5.appd">Appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or
<a href="#ch5.apph">H</a> (health
economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at
outcome / study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Standard study checklists
were used to appraise critically individual studies.
For details, please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the
manual</a></p>
<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence will
be evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of
the &#x02018;Grading of Recommendations Assessment,
Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox&#x02019;
developed by the international GRADE working group
<a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative
synthesis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>For details, please see
section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the
manual</a>.</p>
<p>Meta-analysis will be
conducted wherever possible (that is, where similar
studies can be combined)</p>
<p>In the absence of
clinically established MIDs, standard MIDsfor
dichotomous (25% risk reduction or risk increase)
and continuous outcomes (+/-0.5 standard deviation)
will be used If heterogeneity is found, the
influence of subgroups will be examined</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for quantitative
analysis-combining studies and exploring
(in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see the
separate Methods report for this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment &#x02013;
publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see
section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the
manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Confidence in cumulative
evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see
sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the
manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context-what is
known</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see the
introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of
authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>A <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10007/documents" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">multidisciplinary committee</a> developed
the evidence review. The committee was convened by
the NGC and chaired by Saul Faust in line with
section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the
manual</a>.</p>
<p>Staff from the NGC
undertook systematic literature searches, appraised
the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and
cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and
drafted the evidence review in collaboration with
the committee. For details, please see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the
manual</a>.</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding /
support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The NGC is funded by NICE and
hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The NGC is funded by NICE and
hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds the NGC to develop
guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health
and social care in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration
number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appatab2"><div id="ch5.appa.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions &#x02013;
health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Objectives</b>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic
studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Search
criteria</b>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<ul id="ch5.l31"><li id="ch5.lt106" class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must
be as specified in the clinical review protocol
above.</div></li><li id="ch5.lt107" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant health economic
study design (cost&#x02013;utility analysis,
cost-effectiveness analysis, cost&#x02013;benefit
analysis, cost&#x02013;consequences analysis,
comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li id="ch5.lt108" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or
commentary, or a review of health economic
evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered
although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be
checked for relevant studies, which will then be
ordered.)</div></li><li id="ch5.lt109" class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered
unless submitted as part of a call for
evidence.</div></li><li id="ch5.lt110" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Search
strategy</b>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search
will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a
health economic study filter &#x02013; see <a href="#ch5.appb">appendix B</a>
below.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Review
strategy</b>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Studies not meeting any of
the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies
published before 2001, abstract-only studies and
studies from non-OECD countries or the US will also
be excluded.</p>
<p>Each remaining study will be
assessed for applicability and methodological
limitations using the NICE economic evaluation
checklist which can be found in <a href="#ch5.apph">appendix H</a> of Developing
NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref115" rid="ch5.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a></p>
<p><b>Inclusion and
exclusion criteria</b>
<ul id="ch5.l32"><li id="ch5.lt111" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both &#x02018;Directly
applicable&#x02019; and with &#x02018;Minor
limitations&#x02019;, then it will be included in
the guideline. A health economic evidence table
will be completed and it will be included in the
health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch5.lt112" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either &#x02018;Not
applicable&#x02019; or with &#x02018;Very serious
limitations&#x02019; then it will usually be
excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded,
then a health economic evidence table will not be
completed and it will not be included in the
health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch5.lt113" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as &#x02018;Partially
applicable&#x02019;, with &#x02018;Potentially
serious limitations&#x02019; or both, then there is
discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul>
<b>Where there is discretion</b></p>
<p>The
health economist will make a decision based on the
relative applicability and quality of the available
evidence for that question, in discussion with the
guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is
to include health economic studies that are helpful
for decision-making in the context of the guideline
and the current NHS setting. If several studies are
considered of sufficiently high applicability and
methodological quality that they could all be
included, then the health economist, in discussion
with the committee if required, may decide to
include only the most applicable studies and to
exclude the remaining studies selectively. All
studies excluded based on applicability or
methodological limitations will be listed with
explanation in the excluded health economic studies
appendix below.</p>
<p>The health economist will be
guided by the following
hierarchies.</p>
<p><i>Setting:</i>
<ul id="ch5.l33"><li id="ch5.lt114" class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch5.lt115" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health
insurance systems (for example, France, Germany,
Sweden).</div></li><li id="ch5.lt116" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private
health insurance systems (for example,
Switzerland).</div></li><li id="ch5.lt117" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the US
will be excluded before being assessed for
applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul> Health economic study type: <ul id="ch5.l34"><li id="ch5.lt118" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost&#x02013;utility analysis (most
applicable).</div></li><li id="ch5.lt119" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation
(cost&#x02013;benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness
analysis, cost&#x02013;consequences analysis).</div></li><li id="ch5.lt120" class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li id="ch5.lt121" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including
cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before
being assessed for applicability and
methodological limitations.</div></li></ul> Year of analysis: <ul id="ch5.l35"><li id="ch5.lt122" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable
it will be.</div></li><li id="ch5.lt123" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2001 or later but that
depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or
predominantly before 2001 will be rated as
&#x02018;Not applicable&#x02019;.</div></li><li id="ch5.lt124" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2001 will be excluded
before being assessed for applicability and
methodological limitations.</div></li></ul> Quality and relevance of effectiveness data
used in the health economic analysis: <ul id="ch5.l36"><li id="ch5.lt125" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness
data used in the health economic analysis match
with the outcomes of the studies included in the
clinical review the more useful the analysis will
be for decision-making in the guideline.</div></li></ul></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appbtab1"><div id="ch5.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 &#x02013; 03 July
2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 &#x02013; 03 July
2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library
(Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Cochrane Reviews to
2017 Issue 7 of 12</p>
<p>CENTRAL to 2017 Issue 6
of 12</p>
<p>DARE, and NHSEED to 2015 Issue 2 of
4</p>
<p>HTA to 2016 Issue 4 of 4</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appbtab2"><div id="ch5.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Borrelia
Infections/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Lyme disease/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Erythema Chronicum
Migrans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(erythema adj3
migrans).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">lyme*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tick* adj2 (bite* or
bitten or biting or borne)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">acrodermatitis chronica
atrophicans.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Ixodidae/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(borreliosis or borrelia*
or neuroborreliosis or ixodid or ixodidae or ixodes
or b burgdorferi or b afzelii or b garinii or b
bissettii or b valaisiana or b microti).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(granulocyctic
anaplasmosis or babesia or babesiosis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1&#x02013;10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical
article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or
comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12&#x02013;18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled
trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals,
Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal
Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or
mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/21&#x02013;27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 not 28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 29 to English
language</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appbtab3"><div id="ch5.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Borrelia
Infection/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Lyme disease/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Erythema Chronicum
Migrans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(erythema adj3
migrans).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">lyme*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tick* adj2 (bite* or
bitten or biting or borne)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">acrodermatitis chronica
atrophicans.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Ixodidae/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(borreliosis or borrelia*
or neuroborreliosis or ixodidae or ixodes or b
burgdorferi or b afzelii or b garinii or b bissettii
or b valaisiana or b microti).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(granulocyctic
anaplasmosis or babesia or babesiosis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1&#x02013;10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or
comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12&#x02013;15</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled
trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 not 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal
Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental
animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or
mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18&#x02013;25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 not 26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 27 to English
language</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appbtab4"><div id="ch5.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Borrelia
Infections] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Lyme
Disease] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Erythema
Chronicum Migrans] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(erythema near/3
migrans):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">lyme*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tick* near/2 (bite* or
bitten or biting or borne)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">acrodermatitis chronica
atrophicans:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor:
[Ixodidae] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(borreliosis or borrelia*
or neuroborreliosis or ixodidae or ixodes or ixodid
or b burgdorferi or b afzelii or b garinii or b
bissettii or b valaisiana or b microti):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(granulocyctic
anaplasmosis or babesia or babesiosis):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5
or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appbtab5"><div id="ch5.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 &#x02013; 03 July
2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Exclusions</p>
<p>Health
economics studies</p>
<p>Health economics modelling
studies</p>
<p>Quality of life studies</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 &#x02013; 03 July
2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>Exclusions</p>
<p>Health
economics studies</p>
<p>Health economics modelling
studies</p>
<p>Quality of life studies</p>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and
Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
<p>HTA - Inception
&#x02013; 03 July 2017</p>
<p>NHSEED - Inception to
March 2015</p>
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appbtab6"><div id="ch5.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Borrelia
Infections/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Lyme disease/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Erythema Chronicum
Migrans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(erythema adj3
migrans).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">lyme*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tick* adj2 (bite* or
bitten or biting or borne)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">acrodermatitis chronica
atrophicans.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Ixodidae/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(borreliosis or borrelia*
or neuroborreliosis or ixodid or ixodidae or ixodes
or b burgdorferi or b afzelii or b garinii or b
bissettii or b valaisiana or b microti).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(granulocyctic
anaplasmosis or babesia or babesiosis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1&#x02013;10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical
article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or
comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12&#x02013;18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled
trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals,
Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal
Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or
mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/21&#x02013;27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 not 28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 29 to English
language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp &#x0201c;Costs and Cost
Analysis&#x0201d;/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics,
Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics,
Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics,
Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp &#x0201c;Fees and
Charges&#x0201d;/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or
pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or
pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or
utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat*
or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or
fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or
monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/31&#x02013;46</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp models, economic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Models, Theoretical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Models,
Organizational/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">markov chains/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Decision Theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte
carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or
analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/48&#x02013;56</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality-adjusted life
years/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact
profile/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(quality adj2 (wellbeing
or well being)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact
profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disability adjusted
life.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qal* or qtime* or qwb* or
daly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or eq5d* or eq
5*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol* or hql* or hqol* or
h qol* or hrqol* or hr qol*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health utility* or
utility score* or disutilit* or utility
value*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or
hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health* year* equivalent*
or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete
choice*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(willingness to pay or
time tradeoff or time trade off or tto or standard
gamble*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36* or sf 36* or short
form 36* or shortform 36* or
shortform36*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short
form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12* or sf 12* or short
form 12* or shortform 12* or
shortform12*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8* or sf 8* or short
form 8* or shortform 8* or shortform8*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6* or sf 6* or short
form 6* or shortform 6* or shortform6*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/58&#x02013;76</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 and 47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 and 57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 and 77</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appbtab7"><div id="ch5.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Borrelia
Infection/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Lyme disease/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Erythema Chronicum
Migrans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(erythema adj3
migrans).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">lyme*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tick* adj2 (bite* or
bitten or biting or borne)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">acrodermatitis chronica
atrophicans.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Ixodidae/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(borreliosis or borrelia*
or neuroborreliosis or ixodidae or ixodes or b
burgdorferi or b afzelii or b garinii or b bissettii
or b valaisiana or b microti).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(granulocyctic
anaplasmosis or babesia or babesiosis).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1&#x02013;10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case report/ or Case
study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or
comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12&#x02013;16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled
trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 not 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal
Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental
animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or
mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/19&#x02013;26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 not 27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 28 to English
language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic
evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or
pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or
pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or
utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat*
or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or
fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or
monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30&#x02013;42</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">statistical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic aspect/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 and 45</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*theoretical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*nonbiological model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stochastic model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision tree/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte
carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or
analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/46&#x02013;55</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality adjusted life
year/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">"quality of life
index"/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">short form 12/ or short
form 20/ or short form 36/ or short form 8/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact
profile/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(quality adj2 (wellbeing
or well being)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact
profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disability adjusted
life.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qal* or qtime* or qwb* or
daly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or eq5d* or eq
5*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol* or hql* or hqol* or
h qol* or hrqol* or hr qol*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health utility* or
utility score* or disutilit* or utility
value*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or
hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health* year* equivalent*
or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete
choice*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(willingness to pay or
time tradeoff or time trade off or tto or standard
gamble*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36* or sf 36* or short
form 36* or shortform 36* or
shortform36*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short
form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12* or sf 12* or short
form 12* or shortform 12* or
shortform12*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8* or sf 8* or short
form 8* or shortform 8* or shortform8*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6* or sf 6* or short
form 6* or shortform 6* or shortform6*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/57&#x02013;77</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 and 43</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 and 56</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 and 78</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appbtab8"><div id="ch5.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Borrelia
Infections EXPLODE ALL TREES IN NHSEED,HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Erythema
Chronicum Migrans EXPLODE ALL TREES IN
NHSEED,HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((erythema adj3 migrans))
IN NHSEED, HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(lyme*) IN NHSEED,
HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((tick* adj2 (bite* or
bitten or biting or borne))) IN NHSEED, HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(acrodermatitis chronica
atrophicans) IN NHSEED, HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Ixodidae
EXPLODE ALL TREES IN NHSEED,HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((borreliosis or borrelia*
or neuroborreliosis or ixodidae or ixodes or b
burgdorferi or b afzelii or b garinii or b bissettii
or b valaisiana or b microti)) IN NHSEED, HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((granulocyctic
anaplasmosis or babesia or babesiosis)) IN NHSEED,
HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Lyme
Disease EXPLODE ALL TREES IN NHSEED,HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5
OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch5appcfig1"><div id="ch5.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20reviews%20of%20the%20management%20of%20specific%20clinical%20scenarios%20for%20Lyme%20disease.&amp;p=BOOKS&amp;id=578166_ch5appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK578166/bin/ch5appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the reviews of the management of specific clinical scenarios for Lyme disease." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the reviews of the
management of specific clinical scenarios for Lyme
disease</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch5appgfig1"><div id="ch5.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&amp;p=BOOKS&amp;id=578166_ch5appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK578166/bin/ch5appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Flow chart of economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Flow chart of economic study selection for the
guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>* Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or
setting; non-English language</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appitab1"><div id="ch5.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical management
reviews</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for
exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aberer 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref1" rid="ch5.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Abrutyn 1989<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref2" rid="ch5.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Agger 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref3" rid="ch5.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Agus 1995<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref4" rid="ch5.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Agwuh 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref5" rid="ch5.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ahmed 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref6" rid="ch5.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ahmed 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref7" rid="ch5.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alarcon 1994<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref8" rid="ch5.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Andiman 1986<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref9" rid="ch5.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anonymous 1991<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref10" rid="ch5.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Arvikar 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref11" rid="ch5.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Auwaerter 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref12" rid="ch5.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bennet 2003<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref13" rid="ch5.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Berende 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref14" rid="ch5.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Berger 1988<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref16" rid="ch5.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Berger 1986<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref15" rid="ch5.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bernardino 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref17" rid="ch5.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bhate 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref18" rid="ch5.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bjark 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref19" rid="ch5.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Borg 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref22" rid="ch5.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bratton 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref23" rid="ch5.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bremell 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref24" rid="ch5.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">British Infection
Association 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref25" rid="ch5.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Butler 1978<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref26" rid="ch5.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cadavid 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref27" rid="ch5.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Canadian Paediatric
Society 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref28" rid="ch5.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chen 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref30" rid="ch5.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Choo-Kang 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref31" rid="ch5.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Christian 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref32" rid="ch5.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cimmino 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref34" rid="ch5.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cimmino 1997<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref33" rid="ch5.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cimperman 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref35" rid="ch5.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Coblyn 1981<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref36" rid="ch5.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Committee on Infectious
Diseases 1991<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref38" rid="ch5.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cuisset 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref39" rid="ch5.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dattwyler 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref41" rid="ch5.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dattwyler 1987<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref42" rid="ch5.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dattwyler 1988<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref43" rid="ch5.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dattwyler 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref44" rid="ch5.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dersch 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref46" rid="ch5.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dersch 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref49" rid="ch5.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dersch 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref47" rid="ch5.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dersch 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref48" rid="ch5.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dhoot 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref50" rid="ch5.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dinser 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref51" rid="ch5.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dotevall 1988<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref52" rid="ch5.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Eliassen 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref53" rid="ch5.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Eliassen 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref54" rid="ch5.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Eppes 2003<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref55" rid="ch5.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Esposito 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref56" rid="ch5.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Fallon 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref58" rid="ch5.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Galev 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref59" rid="ch5.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Garkowski 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref60" rid="ch5.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gasser 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref62" rid="ch5.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gasser 1995<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref63" rid="ch5.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gasser 1995<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref61" rid="ch5.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gerber 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref64" rid="ch5.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gillies 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref65" rid="ch5.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Goodwin 1990<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref66" rid="ch5.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hansen 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref67" rid="ch5.ref67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hassler 1990<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref68" rid="ch5.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Horton 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref69" rid="ch5.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Conference
abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hu 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref70" rid="ch5.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inboriboon 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref71" rid="ch5.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Karkkonen 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref73" rid="ch5.ref73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Karlsson 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref74" rid="ch5.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kersten 1995<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref75" rid="ch5.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kilic Muftuoglu
2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref76" rid="ch5.ref76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Klempner 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref78" rid="ch5.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Korenberg 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref79" rid="ch5.ref79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kowalski 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref81" rid="ch5.ref81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kowalski 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref80" rid="ch5.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Krbkova 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref82" rid="ch5.ref82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kuhn 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref83" rid="ch5.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Laasila 2003<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref84" rid="ch5.ref84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lantos 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref85" rid="ch5.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lauhio 1994<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref86" rid="ch5.ref86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lauhio 1991<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref87" rid="ch5.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lempner 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref77" rid="ch5.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Liegner 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref88" rid="ch5.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lipsker 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref89" rid="ch5.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ljostad 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref90" rid="ch5.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Loewen 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref91" rid="ch5.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Loewen 2000<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref92" rid="ch5.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Luft 1988<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref94" rid="ch5.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Luft 1989<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref93" rid="ch5.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Maraspin 1995<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref100" rid="ch5.ref100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Maraspin 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref95" rid="ch5.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Maraspin 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref96" rid="ch5.ref96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Maraspin 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref97" rid="ch5.ref97"><sup>97</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Maraspin 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref98" rid="ch5.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Maraspin 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref99" rid="ch5.ref99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Marks 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref101" rid="ch5.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">McGill 1965<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref102" rid="ch5.ref102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Meyerhoff 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref103" rid="ch5.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Meyerhoff 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref104" rid="ch5.ref104"><sup>104</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Millner 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref105" rid="ch5.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Millner 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref106" rid="ch5.ref106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Morales 2000<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref107" rid="ch5.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Muellegger 1995<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref109" rid="ch5.ref109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Muellegger 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref108" rid="ch5.ref108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mullegger 1991<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref110" rid="ch5.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nadelman 1993<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref112" rid="ch5.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nadelman 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref111" rid="ch5.ref111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Naglo 1989<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref113" rid="ch5.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Neumann 1987<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref116" rid="ch5.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nimmrich 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref118" rid="ch5.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nowakowski 2000<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref119" rid="ch5.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nowakowski 1995<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref120" rid="ch5.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ogrinc 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref121" rid="ch5.ref121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Oksi 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref122" rid="ch5.ref122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Oksi 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref123" rid="ch5.ref123"><sup>123</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Oksi 1998<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref124" rid="ch5.ref124"><sup>124</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Peltomaa 1998<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref125" rid="ch5.ref125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pena 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref126" rid="ch5.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Perronne 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref127" rid="ch5.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pfister 1988<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref128" rid="ch5.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pirila 1951<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref131" rid="ch5.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Plorer 1993<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref132" rid="ch5.ref132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Plotkin 1991<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref133" rid="ch5.ref133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Puchalska 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref134" rid="ch5.ref134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Puri 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref135" rid="ch5.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Puri 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref136" rid="ch5.ref136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rebman 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref137" rid="ch5.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Renaud 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref138" rid="ch5.ref138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rohacova 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref139" rid="ch5.ref139"><sup>139</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rose 1994<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref140" rid="ch5.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rose 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref141" rid="ch5.ref141"><sup>141</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rubin 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref142" rid="ch5.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Salazar 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref143" rid="ch5.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Salazar 1993<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref144" rid="ch5.ref144"><sup>144</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sanchez 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref145" rid="ch5.ref145"><sup>145</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sandstrom 1989<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref146" rid="ch5.ref146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Schmidt 1995<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref147" rid="ch5.ref147"><sup>147</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Selby 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref148" rid="ch5.ref148"><sup>148</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Shadick 1994<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref149" rid="ch5.ref149"><sup>149</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Shadick 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref150" rid="ch5.ref150"><sup>150</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Shemenski 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref151" rid="ch5.ref151"><sup>151</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Shoemaker 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref152" rid="ch5.ref152"><sup>152</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sjowall 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref154" rid="ch5.ref154"><sup>154</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sjowall 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref153" rid="ch5.ref153"><sup>153</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Skogman 2003<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref156" rid="ch5.ref156"><sup>156</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Skogman 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref155" rid="ch5.ref155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Skoldenberg 1988<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref157" rid="ch5.ref157"><sup>157</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Smith 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref158" rid="ch5.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Solomon 1998<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref159" rid="ch5.ref159"><sup>159</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Spathling 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref160" rid="ch5.ref160"><sup>160</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Article not in
English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Stanek 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref161" rid="ch5.ref161"><sup>161</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Steere 1980<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref165" rid="ch5.ref165"><sup>165</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Steere 1983<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref166" rid="ch5.ref166"><sup>166</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Steere 1987<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref162" rid="ch5.ref162"><sup>162</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Steurer 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref167" rid="ch5.ref167"><sup>167</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Article not in
English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Stricker 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref168" rid="ch5.ref168"><sup>168</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Stricker 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref169" rid="ch5.ref169"><sup>169</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Strle 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref170" rid="ch5.ref170"><sup>170</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Strle 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref171" rid="ch5.ref171"><sup>171</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Strle 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref172" rid="ch5.ref172"><sup>172</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Strle 1993<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref173" rid="ch5.ref173"><sup>173</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Stupica 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref175" rid="ch5.ref175"><sup>175</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Stupica 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref174" rid="ch5.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Suarez-Magdalena
2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref176" rid="ch5.ref176"><sup>176</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Thompson 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref177" rid="ch5.ref177"><sup>177</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Thorstrand 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref178" rid="ch5.ref178"><sup>178</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Thyresson 1949<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref179" rid="ch5.ref179"><sup>179</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Torbahn 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref180" rid="ch5.ref180"><sup>180</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tory 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref181" rid="ch5.ref181"><sup>181</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tseng 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref182" rid="ch5.ref182"><sup>182</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Valesova 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref183" rid="ch5.ref183"><sup>183</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Vazquez 2003<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref185" rid="ch5.ref185"><sup>185</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Vazquez-Lopez 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref184" rid="ch5.ref184"><sup>184</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Wahlberg 1994<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref186" rid="ch5.ref186"><sup>186</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weber 1988<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref188" rid="ch5.ref188"><sup>188</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weber 1987<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref187" rid="ch5.ref187"><sup>187</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weissenbacher 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref189" rid="ch5.ref189"><sup>189</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">White 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref190" rid="ch5.ref190"><sup>190</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Zochling 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch5.ref191" rid="ch5.ref191"><sup>191</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Excluded due to an
incorrect study design</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch5appitab2"><div id="ch5.appi.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the health economic review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578166/table/ch5.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch5.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for
exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">None</td><td headers="hd_h_ch5.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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