7732 lines
No EOL
2 MiB
7732 lines
No EOL
2 MiB
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
|
||
|
||
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
||
<!-- AppResources meta begin -->
|
||
<meta name="paf-app-resources" content="" />
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">var ncbi_startTime = new Date();</script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- AppResources meta end -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- TemplateResources meta begin -->
|
||
<meta name="paf_template" content="" />
|
||
|
||
<!-- TemplateResources meta end -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- Logger begin -->
|
||
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books" /><meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-toc" /><meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK578097" /><meta name="ncbi_domain" content="niceng87er4" /><meta name="ncbi_report" content="printable" /><meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext" /><meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="" /><meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK578097/?report=printable" /><meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf" />
|
||
<!-- Logger end -->
|
||
|
||
<title>Evidence review for safety of pharmacological treatment - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
|
||
|
||
<!-- AppResources external_resources begin -->
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/jig/1.15.2/css/jig.min.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/core/jig/1.15.2/js/jig.min.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- AppResources external_resources end -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- Page meta begin -->
|
||
<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE,NOIMAGEINDEX" /><meta name="author" content="National Guideline Centre (UK)" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Evidence review for safety of pharmacological treatment" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2018/03" /><meta name="citation_author" content="National Guideline Centre (UK)" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="35192259" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK578097/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Evidence review for safety of pharmacological treatment" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="National Guideline Centre (UK)" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2018/03" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK578097/" /><meta name="og:title" content="Evidence review for safety of pharmacological treatment" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK578097/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng87er4-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/niceng87er4/toc/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK578097/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Page meta end -->
|
||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico" /><meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8E929F7D7610F100000000010500D7.m_5" />
|
||
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3852956/3985586/3808861/4121862/3974050/3917732/251717/4216701/14534/45193/4113719/3849091/3984811/3751656/4033350/3840896/3577051/3852958/3984801/12930/3964959.css" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3411343/3882866.css" media="print" /></head>
|
||
<body class="book-toc">
|
||
<div class="grid no_max_width">
|
||
<div class="col twelve_col nomargin shadow">
|
||
<!-- System messages like service outage or JS required; this is handled by the TemplateResources portlet -->
|
||
<div class="sysmessages">
|
||
<noscript>
|
||
<p class="nojs">
|
||
<strong>Warning:</strong>
|
||
The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function.
|
||
<a href="/guide/browsers/#enablejs" title="Learn how to enable JavaScript" target="_blank">more...</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</noscript>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--/.sysmessage-->
|
||
<div class="wrap">
|
||
<div class="page">
|
||
<div class="top">
|
||
|
||
<div class="header">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!--<component id="Page" label="headcontent"/>-->
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<!-- site messages -->
|
||
<div class="container content">
|
||
<div class="source">
|
||
<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng87er4-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence review for safety of pharmacological treatment" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK578097_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for safety of pharmacological treatment</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management</div><p><b>Evidence review D</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 87</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2018 Mar</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-2830-9</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2018.</div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="ch4.s1"><h2 id="_ch4_s1_">1. Safety of pharmacological treatment</h2><div id="ch4.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What are the adverse events associated with pharmacological treatment for people with ADHD?</h3></div><div id="ch4.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>There are key unanswered questions for clinicians treating all age groups of people with ADHD and these concern the best medication to use, the sequence of medication, the optimum duration of treatment, when it is appropriate to consider drug discontinuation, which drug treatments to use in the presence of co-occurring conditions and these questions are addressed in other reviews evaluating the clinical effectiveness of the medication and their impact on ADHD symptoms (for more information, see <a href="/books/n/niceng87er6/" class="toc-item">evidence report F</a> on combination treatment). There is much presumption and hearsay around the potential harmful effects of ADHD medication and this is unhelpful in supporting clinicians and people with ADHD to make and review treatment choices. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence identifying the adverse events that are key in considering which medication to choose, the appropriate baseline assessments, how it should be initiated and what review and monitoring process should be in place to ensure that medication of the treatment ADHD is safely and effectively delivered.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#ch4.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><p>This review sought to evaluate the adverse events of pharmacological treatments to support discussions about medication choice and to enable appropriate monitoring. The population of this review was stratified by age (children aged <5 years, children and young people (5–18 years), and adults (over 18). The guideline committee felt that adverse effects could differ between these populations, which could indicate the need for different events to be monitored.</p><p>The committee agreed that where outcomes were relevant but did not match the protocol exactly (e.g. appetite changes reported in the study with weight loss specified in the protocol) these outcomes would be extracted but downgraded for indirectness.”</p><p>Quality assessments were conducted for all outcomes. GRADE was completed for outcomes of comparative studies, and quality assessments for outcomes of non-comparative studies were reported narratively.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Methods and process</h3><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref479"><sup>479</sup></a> Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#ch4.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2014 conflicts of interest policy.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="ch4.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies (pre-school children under the age of 5)</h4><p>Three RCTs were included in the review that evaluated the adverse events of pharmacological treatments in preschool age children (<5 years of age);<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref283"><sup>283</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref297"><sup>297</sup></a> these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab2" rid-ob="figobch4tab2">Table 2</a> below. Evidence from these studies is summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab7" rid-ob="figobch4tab7">Table 7</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab8" rid-ob="figobch4tab8">Table 8</a>.</p><p>Two of these studies compared methylphenidate with placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref283"><sup>283</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref297"><sup>297</sup></a>, while the other study compared risperidone to methylphenidate.<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch4.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#ch4.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch4.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#ch4.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch4.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#ch4.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.4"><h4>1.5.4. Included studies (children and young people aged 5 to 18)</h4><p>Sixty RCTs were included in the review, which evaluated the adverse events of pharmacological treatments in children and young people (5–18 years of age); these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab3" rid-ob="figobch4tab3">Table 3</a> below:
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l11"><li id="ch4.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>ten RCTs compared immediate release methylphenidate versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref183"><sup>183</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref211"><sup>211</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref265"><sup>265</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref292"><sup>292</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref299"><sup>299</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref465"><sup>465</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref495"><sup>495</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref579"><sup>579</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref635"><sup>635</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref698"><sup>698</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>three RCTs compared osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref247"><sup>247</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref481"><sup>481</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>nineteen RCTs compared atomoxetine with placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref208"><sup>208</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref274"><sup>274</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref279"><sup>279</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref323"><sup>323</sup></a><sup>(</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref322"><sup>322</sup></a><sup>)</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref374"><sup>374</sup></a><sup>(</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a><sup>)</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref377"><sup>377</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref435"><sup>435</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref457"><sup>457</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref459"><sup>459</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref466"><sup>466</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref481"><sup>481</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref614"><sup>614</sup></a><sup>(</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref613"><sup>613</sup></a><sup>)</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref618"><sup>618</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref649"><sup>649</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref658"><sup>658</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref659"><sup>659</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>two RCTs compared atomoxetine versus methylphenidate <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref481"><sup>481</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref649"><sup>649</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared atomoxetine with lisdexamfetamine <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref213"><sup>213</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>seven RCTs compared guanfacine versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref96"><sup>96</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref187"><sup>187</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref349"><sup>349</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref483"><sup>483</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref556"><sup>556</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref691"><sup>691</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared atomoxetine with guanfacine <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref349"><sup>349</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>two RCTs compared lisdexamfetamine with placebo <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref242"><sup>242</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared lisdexamfetamine with methylphenidate <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a>.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>three RCTs compared clonidine versus placebo <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref359"><sup>359</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref495"><sup>495</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref635"><sup>635</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt67" class="half_rhythm"><div>two RCTs compared clonidine versus methylphenidate <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref495"><sup>495</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref635"><sup>635</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared clonidine versus desipramine <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref580"><sup>580</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared desipramine versus placebo <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref594"><sup>594</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared venlafaxine versus methylphenidate <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref710"><sup>710</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>two RCTs compared risperidone versus placebo <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref134"><sup>134</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref476"><sup>476</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt72" class="half_rhythm"><div>two RCTs compared bupropion with placebo <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref145"><sup>145</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref182"><sup>182</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt73" class="half_rhythm"><div>two RCTs compared buproprion versus methylphenidate <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref355"><sup>355</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt74" class="half_rhythm"><div>four RCTs compared modafinil versus placebo <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref298"><sup>298</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref371"><sup>371</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref615"><sup>615</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt75" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared modafinil versus methylphenidate <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a>.</div></li></ul></p><p>Seven non-randomised studies were included in the review that reported the adverse events of pharmacological treatments in children and young people (6–18 years of age)<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a><sup>, #514, #532, #1130, #1134, #575, #1108</sup>. One study compared atomoxetine to methylphenidate and two studies compared stimulants to no treatment. The other four studies were open label non comparative studies; one study evaluated lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, one study atomoxetine, one study guanfacine, and one study melatonin.</p><p>Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below.</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch4.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#ch4.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch4.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#ch4.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.5"><h4>1.5.5. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch4.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.6"><h4>1.5.6. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#ch4.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.7"><h4>1.5.7. Included studies (adults)</h4><p>Thirty-six RCTs<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref97"><sup>97</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref139"><sup>139</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref144"><sup>144</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref293"><sup>293</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref294"><sup>294</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref360"><sup>360</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref394"><sup>394</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref399"><sup>399</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref406"><sup>406</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref410"><sup>410</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref452"><sup>452</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref456"><sup>456</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref498"><sup>498</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref527"><sup>527</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref529"><sup>529</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref532"><sup>532</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref540"><sup>540</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref595"><sup>595</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref596"><sup>596</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref612"><sup>612</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref619"><sup>619</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref623"><sup>623</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref683"><sup>683</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref686"><sup>686</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref696"><sup>696</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref708"><sup>708</sup></a> were included in the review that evaluated the adverse events of pharmacological treatments in adults and these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab5" rid-ob="figobch4tab5">Table 5</a> below:
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l78"><li id="ch4.lt239" class="half_rhythm"><div>thirteen RCTs compared controlled release methylphenidate versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref97"><sup>97</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref144"><sup>144</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref293"><sup>293</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref360"><sup>360</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref410"><sup>410</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref452"><sup>452</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref527"><sup>527</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref529"><sup>529</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref538"><sup>538</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref619"><sup>619</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref696"><sup>696</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt240" class="half_rhythm"><div>three RCTs compared immediate release methylphenidate versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref394"><sup>394</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref399"><sup>399</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref595"><sup>595</sup></a>.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt241" class="half_rhythm"><div>three RCTs compared dexamphetamine versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref498"><sup>498</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref596"><sup>596</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref623"><sup>623</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt242" class="half_rhythm"><div>four RCTs compared lisdexamphetamine versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref683"><sup>683</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt243" class="half_rhythm"><div>nine RCTs compared atomoxetine versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref294"><sup>294</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref406"><sup>406</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref456"><sup>456</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref612"><sup>612</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref686"><sup>686</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref708"><sup>708</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt244" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared guanfacine versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref139"><sup>139</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt245" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared venlafaxine versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt246" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared reboxetine versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref532"><sup>532</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt247" class="half_rhythm"><div>two RCTs compared modafinil versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref623"><sup>623</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt248" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared buproprion SR versus placebo<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref399"><sup>399</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt249" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared modafinil versus dexamphetamine<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref623"><sup>623</sup></a></div></li><li id="ch4.lt250" class="half_rhythm"><div>one RCT compared buproprion SR versus methylphenidate<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref399"><sup>399</sup></a>.</div></li></ul></p><p>Six open label non-comparative studies were included in the review that reported the long term adverse events of pharmacological treatments in adults. Three studies reported the adverse events of methylphenidate, one study on lisdexamphetamine and two studies on atomoxetine.</p><p>Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below.</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch4.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#ch4.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch4.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#ch4.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.8"><h4>1.5.8. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch4.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.9"><h4>1.5.9. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#ch4.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.10"><h4>1.5.10. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div id="ch4.s1.5.10.1"><h5>1.5.10.1. Clinical evidence (pre-school children under the age of 5)</h5></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.10.2"><h5>1.5.10.2. Clinical evidence (children aged 5 to 18)</h5><div id="ch4.s1.5.10.2.1"><h5>Non-comparative long-term studies: lisdexamfetamine dimesylate</h5><p>In one study<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref243"><sup>243</sup></a> with 272 participants, there was at least one adverse event reported by 78% (213/272) of participants taking lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, with a mean follow up of 259 days. The most common adverse events (reported in >10% of participants) were decreased appetite, headache, decreased weight, insomnia, upper abdominal pain, upper respiratory tract infection, irritability and nasopharyngitis. In particular 17.6% (48/272) had weight decreases. There was a very high risk of bias due to selection bias and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.10.2.2"><h5>Non-comparative long-term studies: Atomoxetine</h5><p>In one study with a follow up of 24 weeks all liver function tests were within normal ranges (n=159).<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref215"><sup>215</sup></a>. There was a high risk of bias due to selection bias and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.10.2.3"><h5>Non-comparative long-term studies: guanfacine</h5><p>In one study<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a> (n=240) at least one adverse event was reported by 87.1% (209/240) of participants, with a mean follow up of 8.8 months. The most common adverse events (reported in >10% of participants) included somnolence, headache, fatigue, sedation, abdominal pain, upper respiratory tract infection, cough, pharyngitis and increased weight. In particular, 21/240 participants reported weight increase as an adverse event. No weight decreases were reported. 3 cardiovascular events were reported (3/240; one instance of orthostatic hypotension and 2 events of syncope). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.10.2.4"><h5>Non-comparative long-term studies: melatonin</h5><p>In one study with 94 participants at least one adverse event was reported by 20.2% (n=19/94) participants in the 4-year follow up of children with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia. <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref337"><sup>337</sup></a> There were no common adverse events reported. 3.2% of participants (3/94) suffered from sleep maintenance insomnia, nightmares in 2.1% (2/94) and excessive morning sedation in 2.1% (n=2/94). There was very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.10.3"><h5>1.5.10.3. Clinical evidence (adults)</h5><div id="ch4.s1.5.10.3.1"><h5>Non-comparative long-term studies: methylphenidate</h5><p>In one study at 52 weeks (n=550)<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a>:
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l121"><li id="ch4.lt362" class="half_rhythm"><div>At least one adverse event was reported by 91.6% (504/550) of participants.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt363" class="half_rhythm"><div>The most common adverse events (reported > 10% of the participants) were headache, dry mouth, anxiety, URTI, nausea, pulse rate increased, irritability.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt364" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was a 10% decrease in weight in 11.2% of the participants (60/550)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt365" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was a 10% increase in 0.9% of the participants (5/550).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt366" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure >140 was reported in 9.6% (52/550)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt367" class="half_rhythm"><div>Diastolic blood pressure <50 in 0.4% (2/550) and >90 in 12% (65/550)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt368" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite was reported in 26.7% (144/550) of participants and insomnia 20.7 % (112/550).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt369" class="half_rhythm"><div>All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li></ul></p><p>In one study at 52 weeks (n= 155)<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref133"><sup>133</sup></a>:
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l122"><li id="ch4.lt370" class="half_rhythm"><div>At least one adverse event was reported by 81.3% (n=126) of participants</div></li><li id="ch4.lt371" class="half_rhythm"><div>Twelve participants reported severe adverse events these were not considered to be drug related.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt372" class="half_rhythm"><div>The most common adverse events (reported >5% of the participants) were headache, nasopharyngitis, influenza, restlessness, back pain, drug effects decreasing, and depressed mood.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt373" class="half_rhythm"><div>In particular insomnia was reported by 7.1%, (11/155) of the participants and hypertension by 5.8%, (n=9/155).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt374" class="half_rhythm"><div>All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li></ul></p><p>In one study at 52 weeks (n=298)<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref287"><sup>287</sup></a>, two participants reported severe adverse events these were not considered to be drug related. The most common adverse events (reported > 5% of the participants) were nasopharyngitis, headache, dry mouth, nausea, URTI, diarrhoea, back pain, fatigue, anxiety, gastroenteritis, oropharyngeal pain, and influenza. In particular tachycardia was reported by 3.7%, (11/298) of the participants and decreased appetite by 8.7%, (26/298). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.10.3.2"><h5>Non-comparative long-term studies: lisdexamfetamine dimesylate</h5><p>In one study at 52 weeks (n= 349)<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref660"><sup>660</sup></a>, 87.7% (306/349) reported an adverse event. The most common adverse events (reported > 5% of the participants) were anxiety, back pain, dry mouth, headache, irritability, muscle spasm, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, URTI. In particular decreased appetite was reported in 14.3% (50/349) of the participants, weight decreased in 6% (21/349) and insomnia in 19.5% (68/349). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.10.3.3"><h5>Non-comparative long-term studies: atomoxetine</h5><p>In one study at 48 weeks (n= 233)<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref336"><sup>336</sup></a>, at least one adverse event was reported by 93.6% (n=218) of participants and the discontinuation rate at 48 weeks was 65%. The most common adverse events (reported > 5% of the participants) were nausea, nasopharyngitis, thirst, headache, somnolence, constipation, vomiting, dysuria. In particular palpitations was reported by 7.3 %, (17/233) of the participants decreased appetite by 16.3%, (38/233), weight decreased by 6.4% (15/233). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</p><p>In one study at 221 weeks (n= 384)<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a>, the most common adverse events (reported > 5% of the participants) were dry mouth, headache, nausea, constipation, URTI, nasopharyngitis, urinary hesitation, irritability, back pain, influenza, sinusitis, dysmenorrhea, anxiety, fatigue, dizziness, dyspepsia, arthralgia, cough, depression, libido decreased, abnormal dreams, decreased appetite, nasal congestion, pharyngolaryngeal pain, dyspepsia, sleep disorder, diarrhoea, hyperhidrosis, initial insomnia and middle insomnia. In particular insomnia was reported by 19.3 %, (74/384) of the participants and erectile dysfunction by 11.5% (44/384) and decreased appetite by 6%, (23/384). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</p><p>See <a href="#ch4.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Economic evidence</h3><div id="ch4.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were identified.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>No health economic studies that were relevant to this question were excluded due to assessment of limited applicability or methodological limitations.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch4.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.7"><h3>1.7. Resource impact</h3><p>We do not expect recommendations resulting from this review area to have a significant impact on resources.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.8"><h3>1.8. Evidence statements</h3><div id="ch4.s1.8.1"><h4>1.8.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.1"><h5>1.8.1.1. Pre-school children (under the age of 5)</h5><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.1.1"><h5>Methylphenidate versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l123"><li id="ch4.lt375" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, substance misuse, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, tics, tremors, congenital defects and psychotic symptoms for follow up of 12 weeks. There was no evidence for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt376" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change was higher at 4 weeks in the methylphenidate group compared to the placebo group (1 study, low quality), this was considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt377" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in tachycardia, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and height at 4 weeks were not clinically important between the groups (1 study, low to very low quality)</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.1.2"><h5>Methylphenidate versus risperidone</h5><ul id="ch4.l124"><li id="ch4.lt378" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. There was no evidence for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt379" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of pre-schoolers had a decreased appetite at 6 weeks in the methylphenidate group compared to the risperidone group (1 study, very low quality), and this was considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt380" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in sleep outcomes at 6 weeks were not clinically important between the groups (1 study, very low quality)</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2"><h5>1.8.1.2. Children and young people (aged 5 to 18)</h5><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.1"><h5>IR methylphenidate versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l125"><li id="ch4.lt381" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tremor, congenital defects and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, increase in seizures, liver damage, tremor, congenital defects for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt382" class="half_rhythm"><div>At both time points the total number of children reporting any adverse event was higher for methylphenidate compared to placebo (2 studies, low to very low quality). The following outcomes had a higher number of children reporting adverse events in the methylphenidate group; Tachycardia at 8 and 16 weeks (2 studies very low quality), decreased weight at 2 and 16 weeks (3 studies moderate quality), seizures at 3 weeks (1 study low quality), substance misuse at 4.4 years (1 study very low quality; non-randomised). and sleep (insomnia) at 3–8 weeks and 16 weeks (4 studies moderate quality; 1 study very low quality) These were all considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt383" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in systolic blood pressure at 2 and 16 weeks (4 studies, moderate quality), diastolic blood pressure at 2 and 16 weeks (2 studies, low quality), cardiovascular events at 6 months (1 study very low quality non-randomised), height at 6 weeks (1 study, very low quality), psychotic symptoms at 16 weeks (1 study moderate quality), tics at 16 weeks (2 studies low to very low quality) and tics severity (1 study low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.2"><h5>OROS methylphenidate versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l126"><li id="ch4.lt384" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt385" class="half_rhythm"><div>At 6 weeks the total number of children reporting any adverse event was higher for methylphenidate compared to placebo (1 study, low quality). Children in in the methylphenidate group had larger weight decreases compared to placebo at 6 to 7 weeks (2 studies, moderate quality). This was considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt386" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in systolic blood pressure at 6–7 weeks (2 studies, moderate quality), diastolic blood pressure at 6–7 weeks (2 studies, moderate quality) and sleep (1 study low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.3"><h5>IR methylphenidate versus OROS methylphenidate</h5><ul id="ch4.l127"><li id="ch4.lt387" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt388" class="half_rhythm"><div>At 4 weeks the total number of children reporting any adverse event was not clinically different between the groups (1 study, low quality). Differences in appetite, insomnia and tics at 3–4 weeks (1 study very low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.4"><h5>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l128"><li id="ch4.lt389" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, blood pressure, suicidal ideation, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction, psychotic symptoms and sleep for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt390" class="half_rhythm"><div>At 4–7 weeks the total number of children reporting any adverse event was higher for lisdexamfetamine compared to placebo (2 studies, moderate quality). The following outcomes had a higher number of children reporting adverse events in the lisdexamfetamine group compared to placebo: weight change at 7 weeks (1 study moderate quality), decreased weight at 4–7 weeks (2 studies moderate quality) and sleep at 4–7 weeks (3 studies moderate quality). These were all considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt391" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in all-cause mortality at 4 weeks (1 study moderate quality), systolic blood pressure at 4–7 weeks (2 studies, moderate quality) and diastolic blood pressure at 4–7 weeks (2 studies, moderate quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt392" class="half_rhythm"><div>In one non-comparative long-term study on lisdexamfetamine with 272 participants, there was at least one adverse event reported by 78% (213/272) of participants taking lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, with a mean follow up of 259 days. The most common adverse events (reported in >10% of participants) were decreased appetite, headache, decreased weight, insomnia, upper abdominal pain, upper respiratory tract infection, irritability and nasopharyngitis. In particular 17.6% (48/272) had weight decreases. There was a very high risk of bias due to selection bias and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.5"><h5>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate versus methylphenidate</h5><ul id="ch4.l129"><li id="ch4.lt393" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt394" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of children in the methylphenidate group reported Sleep (insomnia) compared to methylphenidate 7 weeks (1 study low quality). This was considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt395" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and weight change at 7 weeks (1 study moderate quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.6"><h5>Atomoxetine versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l130"><li id="ch4.lt396" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, congenital defects and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, increase in tremors, congenital defects and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt397" class="half_rhythm"><div>At both time points the total number of adults reporting any adverse event was higher for atomoxetine compared to placebo (6 studies, low quality). The following outcomes had a higher number of children reporting adverse events in the atomoxetine group; weight at 6–12 weeks and 13–18 weeks (8 studies moderate quality), Sleep (insomnia) at 6–12 weeks and 13–16 weeks (7 studies, low to very low quality), tics at 6 weeks (1 study very low quality) and tremor at 6 weeks (1 study very low quality). There was a clinical benefit of atomoxetine compared to placebo at 8 to 16 weeks for tic severity (2 studies moderate quality). These were all considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt398" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in all-cause mortality at 6 weeks (1 study high quality), suicidal ideation at 6 weeks (1 study high quality), systolic blood pressure at 6–13 weeks (6 studies moderate quality), diastolic blood pressure at 6–13 weeks (5 studies low quality), height at 5 weeks (4 studies moderate quality), number of participants with decreased weight at 6–9 weeks (4 studies low quality), sleep at 13–16 weeks (2 studies very low quality) and sexual dysfunction at 70 weeks (1 study moderate quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt399" class="half_rhythm"><div>In one long-term non-comparative study on atomoxetine with a follow up of 24 weeks all liver function tests were within normal ranges (n=159). There was a high risk of bias due to selection bias and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.7"><h5>Methylphenidate versus atomoxetine</h5><ul id="ch4.l131"><li id="ch4.lt400" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, substance misuse, increase in seizures, blood pressure, liver damage, sleep, tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms weeks for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt401" class="half_rhythm"><div>At 6 weeks the total number of children reporting any adverse events was not different between the groups (1 study moderate quality).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt402" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 6 weeks (1 study moderate quality), weight at 6–8 weeks (2 studies moderate quality) and 24 months (1 study very low quality; non-randomised), height at 24 months (1 study very low quality; non-randomised) and sleep at 8 weeks (1 study low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.8"><h5>Atomoxetine versus lisdexamfetamine dimesylate</h5><ul id="ch4.l132"><li id="ch4.lt403" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for follow up over 12 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt404" class="half_rhythm"><div>At 9 weeks the total number of children reporting any adverse events was not different between the groups (1 study high quality). The following outcomes had a higher number of children reporting adverse events in the lisdexamfetamine group compared to the atomoxetine group: decreased weight at 9 weeks (1 study high quality) and sleep (insomnia) at 9 weeks (1 study moderate quality). These were all considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt405" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 9 weeks (1 study high quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.9"><h5>Atomoxetine versus guanfacine</h5><ul id="ch4.l133"><li id="ch4.lt406" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, suicide or suicidal ideation, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for follow up of over 12 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt407" class="half_rhythm"><div>At 10–13 weeks the total number of children reporting any adverse events was higher in the guanfacine group compared to the atomoxetine group (1 study moderate quality). A higher number of children had decreased appetite in the atomoxetine group compared to the guanfacine group at 10–13 weeks (1 study very low quality). These were all considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt408" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in sleep (insomnia) at 10–13 weeks (1 study, very low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.10"><h5>Guanfacine versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l134"><li id="ch4.lt409" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tremor, congenital defects and sexual dysfunction for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for cardiac mortality, suicidal ideation, increase in seizures, liver damage, tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt410" class="half_rhythm"><div>At both time points the total number of children reporting any adverse event was higher in the guanfacine group compared to placebo (6 studies, very low to low quality). The number of psychotic symptoms in the guanfacine group was higher compared to placebo at 8 weeks (1 study low quality). There was a benefit of atomoxetine compared to placebo at 8 weeks for tic severity (1 study low quality). These were all considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt411" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in all-cause mortality at 8–15 weeks (3 studies low quality), cardiac events at 9 weeks (1 study moderate quality), systolic blood pressure at 8 weeks (1 study low quality), suicidal ideation at 8 weeks (1 study low quality), decreased appetite at 8–15 weeks (3 studies low quality) and insomnia at 8–15 weeks (3 studies very low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt412" class="half_rhythm"><div>In one non-comparative long-term study of guanfacine (n=240) at least one adverse event was reported by 87.1% (209/240) of participants, with a mean follow up of 8.8 months. The most common adverse events (reported in >10% of participants) included somnolence, headache, fatigue, sedation, abdominal pain, upper respiratory tract infection, cough, pharyngitis and increased weight. In particular, 21/240 participants reported weight increase as an adverse event. No weight decreases were reported. 3 cardiovascular events were reported (3/240; one instance of orthostatic hypotension and 2 events of syncope). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.11"><h5>Clonidine versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l135"><li id="ch4.lt413" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, abnormal growth, increase in seizures, liver damage, tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, suicidal ideation, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tremor, congenital defects and sexual dysfunction for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt414" class="half_rhythm"><div>At both time points the total number of children reporting any adverse event was higher in the clonidine group compared to placebo (2 studies, low to moderate quality). This was considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt415" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in all-cause mortality at 8 weeks (1 study moderate quality), tachycardia at 16 weeks (1 study moderate quality) systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 16 weeks (1 study low to moderate quality), weight changes at 16 weeks (1 study low quality), psychotic symptoms at 16 weeks (1 study moderate quality), sleep (insomnia) at 8 and 16 weeks (2 studies very low quality) and tics at 16 weeks (1 study very low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.12"><h5>Methylphenidate versus clonidine</h5><ul id="ch4.l136"><li id="ch4.lt416" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, seizures, liver damage, tremors, congenital defects and sexual dysfunction for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt417" class="half_rhythm"><div>At 16 weeks the total number of children reporting any adverse events was higher in the clonidine group compared to methylphenidate (1 study low quality, 16 weeks). A higher number of children reported tachycardia and weight loss in the methylphenidate group compared to clonidine at 16 weeks (1 study low quality). A higher number of children reported sleep (insomnia) in the clonidine group compared to methylphenidate at 16 weeks (1 study very low quality). These were all considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt418" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in systolic blood pressure, psychotic symptoms and tics at 16 weeks (1 study moderate to very low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.13"><h5>Clonidine versus desipramine</h5><ul id="ch4.l137"><li id="ch4.lt419" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified except for total participants with any adverse event at 6 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt420" class="half_rhythm"><div>At 6 weeks the total number of children reporting any adverse event was higher in the clonidine group compared to desipramine (1 study moderate quality). This was considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.14"><h5>Desipramine versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l138"><li id="ch4.lt421" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence identified except for decreased appetite, disturbed sleep and improvement of tics at 6 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt422" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of children reported adverse events in the desipramine group compared to the placebo group at 6 weeks for decreased appetite (1 study moderate quality) and difficulty sleeping (1 study low quality). There was an improvement in tics in the desipramine group compared to the placebo group at 6 weeks (1 study high quality). These were all considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.15"><h5>Methylphenidate versus venlafaxine</h5><ul id="ch4.l139"><li id="ch4.lt423" class="half_rhythm"><div>The only evidence identified was for decreased appetite and sleep at 6 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt424" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of children reported adverse events in the methylphenidate group compared to the placebo group at 6 weeks for decreased appetite (1 study low quality) and sleep (1 study high quality). These were both considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.16"><h5>Risperidone versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l140"><li id="ch4.lt425" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence identified except for disturbed sleep and tremor at 6 weeks, and weight changes at 6 months.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt426" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of children reported adverse events in the risperidone group compared to the placebo group at 6 weeks for sleeping problems (1 study very low quality) and tremor (1 study very low quality). These were both considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt427" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in weight at 6 months (1 study low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.17"><h5>Methylphenidate versus buproprion</h5><ul id="ch4.l141"><li id="ch4.lt428" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified at follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt429" class="half_rhythm"><div>At 6 weeks the total number of adults reporting any adverse event was higher for methylphenidate compared to buproprion (1 study low quality). A higher number of children reported tachycardia in the methylphenidate group compared to buproprion at 6 weeks (1 study low quality). A higher number of children reported sleep (insomnia), decreased appetite and tremor in the buproprion group compared to methylphenidate at 6 weeks (1–2 studies very low quality). These were all considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.18"><h5>Modafinil versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l142"><li id="ch4.lt430" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for total participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tics, tremor, congenital defects and sexual dysfunction for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt431" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of children reported tachycardia at 7 weeks (1 study very low quality), psychotic symptoms at 3–9 weeks (1 study very low quality), and sleep (insomnia) at 3–9 weeks (3 studies moderate quality) in the modafinil group compared to placebo. These were all considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt432" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in systolic blood pressure at 3–9 weeks (3 studies low quality), diastolic blood pressure at 9 weeks (1 study moderate quality), weight at 5–9 weeks (3 studies very low quality) and sleep at 8 weeks in participants with autism (1 study very low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.19"><h5>Methylphenidate versus modafinil</h5><p>No evidence identified except for decreased weight at 6 weeks.</p><ul id="ch4.l143"><li id="ch4.lt433" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of children had weight decreases in the methylphenidate group compared to modafinil at 6 weeks (1 study low quality). This was considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.2.20"><h5>Melatonin</h5><ul id="ch4.l144"><li id="ch4.lt434" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence identified except for sleep at 4 years</div></li><li id="ch4.lt435" class="half_rhythm"><div>In one non-comparative long-term study with 94 participants at least one adverse event was reported by 20.2% (n=19/94) participants in the 4-year follow up of children with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia. There were no common adverse events reported. 3.2% of participants (3/94) suffered from sleep maintenance insomnia, nightmares in 2.1% (2/94) and excessive morning sedation in 2.1% (n=2/94). There was very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3"><h5>1.8.1.3. Adults</h5><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.1"><h5>Methylphenidate versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l145"><li id="ch4.lt436" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, increase in tics, congenital defects and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt437" class="half_rhythm"><div>At both time points the total number of adults reporting any adverse event was higher for methylphenidate compared to placebo (8 studies, very low quality). The following outcomes had a higher number of adults reporting adverse events in the methylphenidate group; cardiac events at 6 and 24 weeks (2 studies, low quality;1 study very low quality), palpitations at 9 weeks (5 studies, moderate quality), decreased appetite at 9 and 24 weeks (8 studies, very low quality; 4 studies very low quality), weight loss at 13 weeks (1 study, very low quality), anorexia at 3 and 13 weeks (both 1 study, very low quality), sleep (insomnia) at 9 and 24 weeks (10 studies, moderate quality;4 studies very low quality), tics at 3 weeks (1 study very low quality), tremor at 13 weeks (1 study very low quality), sexual dysfunction at 24 weeks (1 study very low quality). These were all clinically important, any differences identified between modified release and immediate release were not considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt438" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measures at both 7 and 24 weeks (1 study, moderate quality), palpitations at 24 weeks (3 studies low quality) weight changes at 7 weeks (2 studies, low quality), weight loss at 5 weeks (1 study, very low quality) and psychotic symptoms (1 study, very low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt439" class="half_rhythm"><div>In one long-term non-comparative study of methylphenidate at 52 weeks, at least one adverse event was reported by 91.6% (504/550) of participants. The most common adverse events (reported > 10% of the participants) were headache, dry mouth, anxiety, URTI, nausea, pulse rate increased, irritability. There was a 10% decrease in weight in 11.2% of the participants (60/550. There was a 10% increase in 0.9% of the participants (5/550). Systolic blood pressure >140mmHg was reported in 9.6% (52/550). Diastolic blood pressure <50mmHg in 0.4% (2/550) and >90mmHg in 12% (65/550). Decreased appetite was reported in 26.7% (144/550) of participants and insomnia 20.7 % (112/550). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt440" class="half_rhythm"><div>In one long-term non-comparative study of methylphenidate at 52 weeks, at least one adverse event was reported by 81.3% (n=126) of participants. Twelve participants reported severe adverse events these were not considered to be drug related. The most common adverse events (reported >5% of the participants) were headache, nasopharyngitis, influenza, restlessness, back pain, drug effects decreasing, and depressed mood. In particular insomnia was reported by 7.1%, (11/155) of the participants and hypertension by 5.8%, (n=9/155). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt441" class="half_rhythm"><div>In one long-term non-comparative study of methylphenidate at 52 weeks (n=298) two participants reported severe adverse events these were not considered to be drug related. The most common adverse events (reported > 5% of the participants) were nasopharyngitis, headache, dry mouth, nausea, URTI, diarrhoea, back pain, fatigue, anxiety, gastroenteritis, oropharyngeal pain, and influenza. In particular tachycardia was reported by 3.7%, (11/298) of the participants and decreased appetite by 8.7%, (26/298). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.2"><h5>Lisdexamfetamine versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l146"><li id="ch4.lt442" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, increase in tics, tremors, congenital defects sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt443" class="half_rhythm"><div>The following outcomes had a higher number of adults reporting adverse events in the lisdexamfetamine group; total participants with adverse events at 10 weeks (3 studies, very low quality), decreased appetite at 10 weeks (4 studies, very low quality), weight loss (1 study, low quality), anorexia at 10 weeks (2 studies, moderate quality) and sleep (insomnia) at 10 weeks (4 studies, low quality). These were all clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt444" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in cardiac events at 6 weeks (1 study, very low quality), weight change at 4 weeks (1 study, moderate quality), and sexual dysfunction (1 study, very low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt445" class="half_rhythm"><div>In one non-comparative long-term study of lisdexamfetamine at 52 weeks (n= 349) 87.7% (306/349) reported an adverse event. The most common adverse events (reported > 5% of the participants) were anxiety, back pain, dry mouth, headache, irritability, muscle spasm, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, URTI. In particular, decreased appetite was reported in 14.3% (50/349) of the participants, weight decreased in 6% (21/349) and insomnia in 19.5% (68/349). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.3"><h5>Dexamphetamine versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l147"><li id="ch4.lt446" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, abnormal growth, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt447" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of adults reported sleep (insomnia) at 5 weeks in the dexamphetamine group compared to the placebo group (2 studies, very low quality), this was considered clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt448" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in weight change at 6 weeks (1 study, high quality) and decreased appetite at 5 weeks (2 studies, very low quality) were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.4"><h5>Atomoxetine versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l148"><li id="ch4.lt449" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt450" class="half_rhythm"><div>The following outcomes had a higher number of adults reporting adverse events in the atomoxetine group; total participants with adverse events at 10 and 25 weeks (3 studies, very low quality; 3 studies, low quality), decreased appetite at 10 weeks (4 studies, moderate), weight loss (1 study, low quality), anorexia at 10 weeks (2 studies, moderate quality) and sleep (insomnia) at 10 and 24 weeks (5 studies, moderate quality; 4 studies, low quality). These were all clinically important.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt451" class="half_rhythm"><div>Differences in palpitations at 10 weeks (1 study, very low quality), blood pressure (1 study, low quality), weight change at 10 and 13 weeks (1 study, very low quality; 1 study, very low quality), weight loss (2 studies, moderate quality) and sexual dysfunction at 10 and 24 weeks were not clinically important between the groups.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt452" class="half_rhythm"><div>In one non-comparative long-term study of atomoxetine at 48 weeks (n= 233), at least one adverse event was reported by 93.6% (n=218) of participants. The most common adverse events (reported > 5% of the participants) were nausea, nasopharyngitis, thirst, headache, somnolence, constipation, vomiting, dysuria. In particular palpitations was reported by 7.3 %, (17/233) of the participants decreased appetite by 16.3%, (38/233), weight decreased by 6.4% (15/233). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt453" class="half_rhythm"><div>In one non-comparative long-term study of atomoxetine at 221 weeks (n= 384), the most common adverse events (reported > 5% of the participants) were dry mouth, headache, nausea, constipation, URTI, nasopharyngitis, urinary hesitation, irritability, back pain, influenza, sinusitis, dysmenorrhea, anxiety, fatigue, dizziness, dyspepsia, arthralgia, cough, depression, libido decreased, abnormal dreams, decreased appetite, nasal congestion, pharyngolaryngeal pain, dyspepsia, sleep disorder, diarrhoea, hyperhidrosis, initial insomnia and middle insomnia. In particular insomnia was reported by 19.3 %, (74/384) of the participants and erectile dysfunction by 11.5% (44/384) and decreased appetite by 6%, (23/384). All outcomes were at a very high risk of bias due to selection bias, blinding and attrition bias. There were no serious concerns related to indirectness. Imprecision and inconsistency were not applicable.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.5"><h5>Guanfacine versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l149"><li id="ch4.lt454" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality,, cardiac events, substance misuse, abnormal growth, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt455" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of adults reported an increase in appetite at 9 weeks (1 study, low quality) in the placebo group compared to the guanfacine group, this was considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.6"><h5>Venlafaxine versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l150"><li id="ch4.lt456" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, abnormal growth, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt457" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of adults reported sexual dysfunction at 6 weeks in the venlafaxine group (1 study, moderate quality) this was not considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.7"><h5>Bupropion SR versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l151"><li id="ch4.lt458" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction, and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, abnormal growth, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt459" class="half_rhythm"><div>A higher number of adults reported adverse events at 7 weeks in the bupropion SR group (1 study, very low quality) this was not considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.8"><h5>Bupropion SR versus methylphenidate</h5><ul id="ch4.l152"><li id="ch4.lt460" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction, and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, abnormal growth, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt461" class="half_rhythm"><div>A lower number of adults reported adverse events at 7 weeks in the bupropion SR group compared to the methylphenidate group (1 study, very low quality) this was considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.9"><h5>Modafinil versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l153"><li id="ch4.lt462" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, increase in seizures, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects and sexual dysfunction follow up to 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt463" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, abnormal growth, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt464" class="half_rhythm"><div>The following outcomes had a higher number of adults reporting adverse events in the modafinil group; anorexia at 9 weeks (1 study, very low quality), decreased appetite (1 study low quality) and sleep (insomnia) (2 studies, very low quality). These were clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.10"><h5>Modafinil versus dexamphetamine</h5><ul id="ch4.l154"><li id="ch4.lt465" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction, and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, abnormal growth, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt466" class="half_rhythm"><div>A lower number of adults reported sleep (insomnia) at 2 weeks in the modafinil group compared to the dexamphetamine group (1 study, low quality), this was considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.1.3.11"><h5>Reboxetine versus placebo</h5><ul id="ch4.l155"><li id="ch4.lt467" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was identified for all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction, and psychotic symptoms for follow up to 12 weeks. No evidence was identified for total number of participants with adverse events, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events, substance misuse, abnormal growth, increase in seizures, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremor, congenital defects, sexual dysfunction and psychotic symptoms for follow up over 12 weeks.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt468" class="half_rhythm"><div>A lower number of adults reported sleep (insomnia) at 2 weeks in the reboxetine group (1 study, very low quality), this was considered clinically important.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.8.2"><h4>1.8.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch4.l156"><li id="ch4.lt469" class="half_rhythm"><div>No relevant economic evaluations were identified.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.9"><h3>1.9. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="ch4.s1.9.1"><h4>1.9.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="ch4.s1.9.1.1"><h5>1.9.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee considered all the outcomes to be critical for considering the evidence on safety. The outcomes for both short and long term outcomes were: total number of participants with an adverse event, all-cause mortality, suicide or suicidal ideation, cardiac mortality, cardiac events including tachycardia/palpitations (defined by >/120bpm) or systolic or diastolic blood pressure changes, substance misuse, abnormal growth (height and weight), increase in seizures in people with epilepsy, psychotic symptoms, disturbed sleep, liver damage, increased tics, tremors congenital defects amongst people who are pregnant, sexual dysfunction. They were all considered equally as they would be critical in determining if someone would start on a drug or the choice of medication.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.9.1.2"><h5>1.9.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to high, with the majority of the evidence very low to moderate quality in all the age ranges.</p><p>In children under the age of 5 there was very little evidence (only comparisons between methylphenidate and placebo, methylphenidate and risperidone) and only growth, sleep and cardiovascular (systolic blood pressure and tachycardia) outcomes were reported.</p><p>There was a greater breadth of evidence in children and young people aged 5 to 18 and adults although the majority of comparisons were between drugs and placebo, there was little in the way of large or high quality studies directly comparing different drugs. The outcomes not reported or rarely reported were all-cause mortality, suicide ideation, cardiac mortality, substance misuse, liver damage, tremor and congenital defects.</p><p>For all age groups, there was a lack of long term RCT data and most studies were 12 weeks or less. Overall the RCTs reported a median follow up time of 8 weeks. In the under 5s age group the median follow up time was 4 weeks (range 1–6), in the 5–18 age group the median follow up was 8 weeks (range 2–208) and in the adult group the median follow up was 8 weeks (range 2–24). No other studies were identified in the under 5 years, in the 5–18 age group 8 non comparative studies were identified and had a median follow up time of 40 weeks (range 24–220) and in the adults 6 non comparative studies were identified with a median follow time of 52 weeks (range 52–221).</p><p>Studies also used a variety of methods to report adverse effects, which led to concerns about meta-analysing this data. For example some used standard side effect scales whereas others only reported adverse effects that occurred in a minimum percentage of the population.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.9.1.3"><h5>1.9.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>The evidence showed that all of the medication for ADHD included in this review appears to be safe at least in the short term with very few serious adverse events reported. However a high number of participants taking the active drug in trials reported experiencing at least one adverse event (with rates of up to 90% in some trials). The reported rates in the placebo arms were also high (with rates up to 70%) and the committee noted this to be a recognised placebo effect finding in trials on ADHD. The majority of the adverse events reported were categorised as minor by the authors and these are summarised earlier in this report under the specific drugs according to frequency of their occurrence. The committee discussed that it is likely there is a connection with the high discontinuation rates reported in the pharmacological efficacy review and the number of the adverse events reported.</p><p>The committee agreed that effective strategies for reviewing treatment, monitoring behaviour response and managing adverse events were critical when deciding on treatment options and improving adherence to treatment in people with ADHD. To ensure the consistency of recording and monitoring the committee agreed that is important to use standard symptom and side effect rating scales.</p><p>The committee discussed that the key to maintaining a successful treatment plan was the careful initiation of ADHD medication. This includes the starting and titrating medication according to the BNF and the person’s tolerance and specific circumstances until dose optimisation (reduced symptoms, positive behaviour change, improvements in education, employment and relationships and tolerable adverse effects) is achieved. The committee discussed the definition of response or non-response and agreed that this had to considered on an individual basis. Response is measured by the individual and how they feel medication has reduced the impact of their ADHD symptoms, this could be quite different depending on the individual’s circumstances at that point in time. The committee noted it is important to have an open dialogue with people during titration as some people develop doubts or become disillusioned about the efficacy of the medication simply because they do not understand or misunderstand the titration process. When they start on the low dose, they feel disappointed that it doesn’t seem to work, and then begin to doubt that any medication will help. Explaining this can help adherence,</p><p>The committee updated the recommendations on initiation and titration reminding clinicians that they should be aware of the pharmacokinetic profiles of ADHD medication as different preparations can vary in their profiles and this is important when considering which drug or formulations of drugs to prescribe.</p><p>The committee noted the importance of discussing treatment choices with women trying to conceive or during pregnancy and whilst breastfeeding.</p><p>The committee had hoped evidence would be identified that would augment their experience on the management of drugs in people with ADHD and co-existing co-morbidities. Overall there was very little evidence on any subgroups although there was a small amount of evidence in children with tic disorder that showed an increase in tics in groups taking atomoxetine or clonidine compared to placebo, and some very low quality evidence to suggest that tics were more frequent in clonidine compared to methylphenidate. There was also some low quality evidence to suggest that sleep related adverse events in children with comorbid autism did not differ from the ADHD population. The most common deviation from the standard prescribing pathway currently is to avoid stimulant medication in groups with tic disorders, the committee noted that if anything the evidence supported avoiding nonstimulant ADHD medication but also that the very low quality of the evidence meant that a recommendation along these lines would not be justified. Five studies reported psychotic episodes and these were rare events. The committee noted this lack of evidence was across the ADHD evidence reviews and have made research recommendations to address this gap in the literature (see research recommendations in <a href="/books/n/niceng87er3/" class="toc-item">evidence report C</a> on pharmacological efficacy and sequencing). As a result the committee made consensus recommendations on the initiation and dose titration of medication for people with co-existing conditions. The committee agreed there was not enough evidence and in their experience reason to deviate from the usual pathway for drug choice (see <a href="/books/n/niceng87er3/" class="toc-item">evidence report C</a> on pharmacological efficacy and sequencing for the recommendations on which drug to use) but there should be slower titration and more careful monitoring that included recording of adverse effects and regular weekly contact. The exception to this was to stop ADHD medication in people experiencing a psychotic episode. The committee also recommended that if a person taking medication develops tics or seizures the benefits of the medication should be reassessed and changes to the medication or cessation in the case of seizures should be considered. The committee recommended caution in prescribing simulants to people who are at risk of drug misuse (see <a href="/books/n/niceng87er3/" class="toc-item">evidence report C</a> on pharmacological efficacy and sequencing) to support this they recommended that healthcare professionals and parents should be aware of the potential for stimulant misuse and diversion and to monitor for this (for example, worsening behaviour with apparent medication adherence). The managing treatment review (for more information, see <a href="/books/n/niceng87er8/" class="toc-item">evidence report H</a> on managing treatment) also highlighted that parents may not initiate treatment if they had concerns about treatment misuse, hence the importance of discussing these concerns and exploring all possible treatment options, especially when stimulants might not be appropriate.</p><p>The committee noted the importance of a baseline assessment before commencing any treatment and listed key areas to evaluate. Assessment is fundamental and the discussion of considerations with the person with ADHD is also covered in <a href="/books/n/niceng87er8/" class="toc-item">evidence report H</a> on managing treatment. The committee had hoped that the review on adverse events would be able to support them in determining what it is important to assess clinically before starting ADHD medication. In particular there was uncertainty around the importance of cardiac tests and which ones to do. The evidence was limited in answering this as cardiac disease, cardiac conditions, or any ECG abnormalities were exclusion criteria for most of the studies. Serious cardiovascular outcomes such as tachycardia were rarely reported and reported changes in blood pressure and pulse rate were small. To support the committee a consultant cardiologist was co-opted to the guideline to provide expert advice on what tests should be done and when to refer for a cardiology opinion before starting treatment.</p><p>The expert advice concurred with the limited evidence base that serious cardiovascular events are uncommon in people prescribed methylphenidate, atomoxetine or guanfacine for the treatment of ADHD. The committee considered the additional time and resources needed to perform and report on a baseline ECG as well as the likely harm or benefit of such routine testing. Expert cardiological advice emphasised the importance of a normal cardiovascular examination and history prior to commencing medication and advised that a routine ECG before commencing stimulants, atomoxetine or guanfacine, if history and examination were normal, was not needed. The committee agreed with this view. However, the committee noted it was common for people with ADHD to be diagnosed with coexisting condition(s) and polypharmacy is not unusual. Taking this into account and based on the expert advice the committee agreed it was important to make a consensus recommendation that a baseline ECG is required before commencing medication in particular or coexisting conditions where, for example, tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors may be used or any other medication that may affect the QT interval.</p><p>The committee agreed that it was important to monitor heart rate and blood pressure every 6 months and if there were important clinical changes the dose should be reduced and referral to a cardiologist may be necessary. The committee noted that checking BP and heart rates may be difficult in some people with severe ADHD symptoms and Intellectual disability due to their severe hyperactivity and inability to tolerate the process. However in the committee’s experience it is rarely impossible and the individual circumstances of the person should be taken into account when deciding on treatment.</p><p>The committee noted that clinically important differences in sleep disturbance, decreased appetite and weight changes were reported compared to placebo at both under and over 12 weeks for all age groups. The evidence comparing drugs was limited and of mostly very low to low quality and the committee found it difficult based on the evidence to conclude that any one drug appears to have a higher rate of adverse events than another.</p><p>There was some moderate quality short term evidence that showed increased insomnia and greater weight loss in children taking methylphenidate compared to atomoxetine and this was supported by the committee’s experience. The evidence reported that children taking guanfacine had lower rates of appetite loss compared to atomoxetine, although the evidence comparing guanfacine to placebo did not show a clinically important difference in appetite loss. However, this evidence was of very low quality and the impact on growth rates remained unclear.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.9.1.4"><h5>1.9.1.4. Long term adverse events</h5><p>The committee discussed the absence of good long term data reporting adverse events on the drugs commonly used to treat ADHD symptoms in both children and adults. They agreed it was difficult to confidently comment on the impact of taking medication for ADHD for a long period of time. However they did note that in the identified evidence weight decreases were reported at up 9 months in children when taking stimulants. One study comparing methylphenidate and atomoxetine reported lower weight and height at 2 years in the children taking methylphenidate. These results are mirrored in the studies evaluating the impact of ADHD medication on adults.</p><p>The committee were aware of concerns about the impact of stimulants on the growth and development of children, particularly the theoretical concern related to the impact of methylphenidate on the growing brain; however, they did not find any evidence that reflected this concern, the committee also acknowledged other reports of the positive effect long term impact of stimulants on the brain.</p><p>Sleep difficulties and appetite loss are the adverse events that are commonly reported in both the long and short term and in the committee’s experience most troublesome to people taking medication.</p><p>Drawing on their experience the committee discussed how untreated ADHD could have long lasting negative impacts on a person’s life. Taking into account the evidence about the effectiveness of medication, the known impacts of adverse events and the concerns about growth in children the committee recommended that ADHD group support for parents and carers and environmental modifications should be the first line of treatment. If a child or young person is still experiencing persistent impairment in at least one domain then they should be offered medication having carefully reviewed the diagnosis and undertaken baseline assessments and with regular reviews.</p><p>The committee were clear that anyone prescribed stimulants should have regular follow up and that includes the close monitoring of weight and height and updated the recommendations on monitoring height and weight advising at least 6 monthly height checks, 3 monthly weight checks in children 10 years and under, at 3 and 6 months in children over 10 years and young people after starting treatment and every 6 months thereafter, or more often if concerns arise and also 6 monthly checks in adults. This is an important when weighing up the benefits of a drug holiday when it may be an opportunity for a child to catch up on growth rates (for more information, see <a href="/books/n/niceng87er9/" class="toc-item">evidence report I</a> on withdrawal and drug holidays).</p><p>The committee noted that dietary advice in the case of weight loss should be obtained from an appropriate healthcare professional, ideally a dietitian if available. As evidence was not assessed for the impact of the specific provider of dietary advice the committee was unable to make recommendations on exactly who advice should be obtained from.</p><p>The committee recommended that changes in sleep pattern should be recorded and medication adjusted accordingly. They noted it was important to refer back to sleep pattern information gained from patient prior to initiation medication to ensure reported poor sleep is related to medication and not patient reflecting on a longer term problem.</p><p>There was some evidence that sexual dysfunction, in particular erectile dysfunction, was experienced by people on atomoxetine and the committee recommended that this should be monitored for.</p><p>The committee noted that aspects of baseline assessment (for example checking blood pressure or heart rate) may be challenging in people with severe ADHD and intellectual disability or other co-existing conditions affecting compliance. However baseline assessments are still important in these situations and all necessary measures (for example longer appointments) should be considered to achieve them.</p><p>In summary the evidence on adverse events is lacking; the quality of the evidence is mostly of low quality, there is lack of good quality long term data and there is a scarcity of trials comparing drugs. The committee noted that when comparing the adverse events of the different drugs there is an absence of evidence and this is not evidence of the equivalence of the adverse events (or an absence of events) across the treatments. The committee based many of their recommendations on their experience of the benefits and harms of treatment and through consensus.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.9.2"><h4>1.9.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>No economic evidence has been identified for this question.</p><p>Most of the recommendations made around safety are consensus based from the experience of the committee. The adverse events from a treatment can be serious and have an impact on quality of life, not just of the person with ADHD but also of their families and carers. Treating adverse effects can also accrue resource use, and so strategies to minimise these are likely to be cost effective.</p><p>The previous recommendations have been updated, however still include the main components of what a baseline assessment should involve. Some specific changes to note; some changes have been made to this such as a review to confirm whether the child (or adult) continues to meet the criteria for ADHD. This would be done as part of the assessment by the individual who is already undertaking the pre-drug assessment, and would not involve any additional staff. Some additional detail has been added such as when to refer for a further opinion. This may lead to more referrals, however such referrals are rare.</p><p>Follow up and monitoring frequency was also based on committee consensus and they agreed the safety profile of the drugs require initial close monitoring, particularly in younger children. Most of the drugs used (e.g. stimulants) have been used for a long time and the (short term) safety profiles are well known. The potential impact on height, weight and cardiovascular effects require careful monitoring for drug titration. The frequencies referred to in the recommendations may not be current practice for the whole country; for example measuring weight every 3 months in children 10 years and under. Practice is variable and it might currently be every 6 months in some areas. It is also variable how this might be undertaken, as weight measurement could be undertaken by GP’s under shared care arrangements, and some community paediatric or CAMHS services have a clinic nurse that can chase up weight information from the GP. Where a service does not have a nurse as part of the service organisation, then the consultant may have to request weight measurements to ensure appropriate prescribing, so more frequent monitoring may place a burden on their time. Other service models discussed by the committee include parents/carers/schools monitoring weight and liaising with nurses in the community paediatric or CAMHS services. Therefore although increasing the frequency of weight measurement to 3 months may be a change in practice in some areas, there are service models where this happens and could be reflected in places where this is not current practice. Additionally the population between 5 and 10 years that are on medication is likely to be small, therefore the committee did not consider this was likely to have a significant resource impact.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.9.3"><h4>1.9.3. Other considerations</h4><p>Drawing on their experience the committee discussed how the impact of unrecognised and untreated ADHD can be serious and far reaching. People report negative impacts on academic achievement, commonly underachieving at school, poorer social relationships and participation in life activities both leisure and work. People with ADHD are over represented in criminal justice systems, have more physical accidents including with cars and have a higher risk of addictive behaviour with resultant impact.</p><p>The committee acknowledged the variation in the implementation in follow up and monitoring across the UK. They referred to the recommendations from the original guideline that recommended shared care arrangements with primary care. Some of the committee noted that in their experience specialist nurses undertook this role.</p><p>The committee discussed the importance of people with ADHD having regular reminders abut monitoring their general health, such as dental check-ups. When people come for checks this would be a good opportunity to ask about this.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.rl.r1"><h2 id="_ch4_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref1">A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The MTA Cooperative Group. Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999; 56(12):1073–86 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10591283" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10591283</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref2">Abbasi
|
||
SH, Heidari
|
||
S, Mohammadi
|
||
MR, Tabrizi
|
||
M, Ghaleiha
|
||
A, Akhondzadeh
|
||
S. Acetyl-L-carnitine as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled trial. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2011; 42(3):367–75 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21336630" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21336630</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref3">Abikoff
|
||
HB, Vitiello
|
||
B, Riddle
|
||
MA, Cunningham
|
||
C, Greenhill
|
||
LL, Swanson
|
||
JM
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate effects on functional outcomes in the preschoolers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment study (PATS). Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2007; 17(5):581–592 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17979579" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17979579</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref4">Adler
|
||
L, Tanaka
|
||
Y, Williams
|
||
D, Trzepacz
|
||
PT, Goto
|
||
T, Allen
|
||
AJ
|
||
et al. Executive function in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during treatment with atomoxetine in a randomized, placebo-controlled, withdrawal study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2014; 34(4):461–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24977716" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24977716</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref5">Adler
|
||
LA, Alperin
|
||
S, Leon
|
||
T, Faraone
|
||
S. Clinical effects of lisdexamfetamine and mixed amphetamine salts immediate release in adult ADHD: results of a crossover design clinical trial. Postgraduate Medicine. 2014; 126(5):17–24 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25295646" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25295646</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref6">Adler
|
||
LA, Clemow
|
||
DB, Williams
|
||
DW, Durell
|
||
TM. Atomoxetine effects on executive function as measured by the BRIEF--a in young adults with ADHD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. PloS One. 2014; 9(8):e104175 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4141744/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4141744</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25148243" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25148243</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref7">Adler
|
||
LA, Dirks
|
||
B, Deas
|
||
P, Raychaudhuri
|
||
A, Dauphin
|
||
M, Saylor
|
||
K
|
||
et al. Self-reported quality of life in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and executive function impairment treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. BMC Psychiatry. 2013; 13:253 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3854089/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3854089</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24106804" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24106804</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref8">Adler
|
||
LA, Dirks
|
||
B, Deas
|
||
PF, Raychaudhuri
|
||
A, Dauphin
|
||
MR, Lasser
|
||
RA
|
||
et al. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who report clinically significant impairment in executive function: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2013; 74(7):694–702 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23945447" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23945447</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref9">Adler
|
||
LA, Goodman
|
||
D, Weisler
|
||
R, Hamdani
|
||
M, Roth
|
||
T. Effect of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on sleep in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behavioral and Brain Functions. 2009; 5:34 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2732626/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2732626</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19650932" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19650932</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref10">Adler
|
||
LA, Goodman
|
||
DW, Kollins
|
||
SH, Weisler
|
||
RH, Krishnan
|
||
S, Zhang
|
||
Y
|
||
et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2008; 69(9):1364–73 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19012818" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19012818</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref11">Adler
|
||
LA, Liebowitz
|
||
M, Kronenberger
|
||
W, Qiao
|
||
M, Rubin
|
||
R, Hollandbeck
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine treatment in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety. 2009; 26(3):212–221 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19194995" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19194995</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref12">Adler
|
||
LA, Lynch
|
||
LR, Shaw
|
||
DM, Wallace
|
||
SP, Ciranni
|
||
MA, Briggie
|
||
AM
|
||
et al. Medication adherence and symptom reduction in adults treated with mixed amphetamine salts in a randomized crossover study. Postgraduate Medicine. 2011; 123(5):71–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21904088" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21904088</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref13">Adler
|
||
LA, Orman
|
||
C, Starr
|
||
HL, Silber
|
||
S, Palumbo
|
||
J, Cooper
|
||
K
|
||
et al. Long-term safety of OROS methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an open-label, dose-titration, 1-year study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2011; 31(1):108–14 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21192153" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21192153</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref14">Adler
|
||
LA, Solanto
|
||
M, Escobar
|
||
R, Lipsius
|
||
S, Upadhyaya
|
||
H. Executive functioning outcomes over 6 months of atomoxetine for adults with ADHD: relationship to maintenance of response and relapse over the subsequent 6 months after treatment. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2016; Epublication [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27521574" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27521574</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref15">Adler
|
||
LA, Spencer
|
||
T, Brown
|
||
TE, Holdnack
|
||
J, Saylor
|
||
K, Schuh
|
||
K
|
||
et al. Once-daily atomoxetine for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A 6-month, double-blind trial. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2009; 29(1):44–50 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19142107" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19142107</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref16">Adler
|
||
LA, Spencer
|
||
T, McGough
|
||
JJ, Hai
|
||
J, Muniz
|
||
R. Long-term effectiveness and safety of dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules in adult ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2009; 12(5):449–459 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19218542" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19218542</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref17">Adler
|
||
LA, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Levine
|
||
LR, Ramsey
|
||
JL, Tamura
|
||
R, Kelsey
|
||
D
|
||
et al. Functional outcomes in the treatment of adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2008; 11(6):720–727 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17968028" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17968028</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref18">Adler
|
||
LA, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Williams
|
||
DW, Moore
|
||
RJ, Michelson
|
||
D. Long-term, open-label safety and efficacy of atomoxetine in adults with ADHD: final report of a 4-year study. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2008; 12(3):248–53 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18448861" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18448861</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref19">Adler
|
||
LA, Weisler
|
||
RH, Goodman
|
||
DW, Hamdani
|
||
M, Niebler
|
||
GE. Short-term effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on cardiovascular parameters in a 4-week clinical trial in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2009; 70(12):1652–61 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20141706" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20141706</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref20">Adler
|
||
LA, Zimmerman
|
||
B, Starr
|
||
HL, Silber
|
||
S, Palumbo
|
||
J, Orman
|
||
C
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of OROS methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group, dose-escalation study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2009; 29(3):239–247 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19440077" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19440077</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref21">Adler
|
||
RH, Herschkowitz
|
||
N, Minder
|
||
CE. Homeopathic treatment of children with attention deficit disorder: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. H. Frei R. Everts, K.v. Ammon et al. Eur J Pediatr. 2005; 164: 758–767. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2007; 166(5):509 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17047993" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17047993</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>22.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref22">Agay
|
||
N, Yechiam
|
||
E, Carmel
|
||
Z, Levkovitz
|
||
Y. Non-specific effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on cognitive ability and decision-making of ADHD and healthy adults. Psychopharmacology. 2010; 210(4):511–519 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20424828" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20424828</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref23">Agay
|
||
N, Yechiam
|
||
E, Carmel
|
||
Z, Levkovitz
|
||
Y. Methylphenidate enhances cognitive performance in adults with poor baseline capacities regardless of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2014; 34(2):261–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24525641" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24525641</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref24">Allen
|
||
AJ, Kurlan
|
||
RM, Gilbert
|
||
DL, Coffey
|
||
BJ, Linder
|
||
SL, Lewis
|
||
DW
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine treatment in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid tic disorders. Neurology. 2005; 65(12):1941–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16380617" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16380617</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref25">Altin
|
||
M, El-Shafei
|
||
AA, Yu
|
||
M, Desaiah
|
||
D, Treuer
|
||
T, Zavadenko
|
||
N
|
||
et al. Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: functional outcomes in children and adolescents from non-Western countries. Drugs in Context. 2013; 2013:212260 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3884848/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3884848</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24432046" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24432046</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref26">Aman
|
||
M, Rettiganti
|
||
M, Nagaraja
|
||
HN, Hollway
|
||
JA, McCracken
|
||
J, McDougle
|
||
CJ
|
||
et al. Tolerability, safety, and benefits of risperidone in children and adolescents with autism: 21-month follow-up after 8-week placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2015; 25(6):482–493 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4545698/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4545698</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26262903" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26262903</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref27">Aman
|
||
MG, Binder
|
||
C, Turgay
|
||
A. Risperidone effects in the presence/absence of psychostimulant medicine in children with ADHD, other disruptive behavior disorders, and subaverage IQ. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2004; 14(2):243–54 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15319021" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15319021</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref28">Aman
|
||
MG, Bukstein
|
||
OG, Gadow
|
||
KD, Arnold
|
||
LE, Molina
|
||
BS, McNamara
|
||
NK
|
||
et al. What does risperidone add to parent training and stimulant for severe aggression in child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
|
||
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2014; 53(1):47–60.e1 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3984501/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3984501</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24342385" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24342385</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref29">Aman
|
||
MG, Farmer
|
||
CA, Hollway
|
||
J, Arnold
|
||
LE. Treatment of Inattention, overactivity, and impulsiveness in autism spectrum disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2008; 17(4):713–738 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3805750/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3805750</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18775366" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18775366</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref30">Aman
|
||
MG, Hollway
|
||
JA, Leone
|
||
S, Masty
|
||
J, Lindsay
|
||
R, Nash
|
||
P
|
||
et al. Effects of risperidone on cognitive-motor performance and motor movements in chronically medicated children. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2009; 30(2):386–96 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18768293" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18768293</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref31">Aman
|
||
MG, Kasper
|
||
W, Manos
|
||
G, Mathew
|
||
S, Marcus
|
||
R, Owen
|
||
R
|
||
et al. Line-item analysis of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist: results from two studies of aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2010; 20(5):415–22 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20973712" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20973712</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>32.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref32">Aman
|
||
MG, Langworthy
|
||
KS. Pharmacotherapy for hyperactivity in children with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2000; 30(5):451–459 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11098883" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11098883</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref33">Aman
|
||
MG, McDougle
|
||
CJ, Scahill
|
||
L, Handen
|
||
B, Arnold
|
||
LE, Johnson
|
||
C
|
||
et al. Medication and parent training in children with pervasive developmental disorders and serious behavior problems: results from a randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2009; 48(12):1143–54 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3142923/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3142923</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19858761" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19858761</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>34.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref34">Amiri
|
||
S, Farhang
|
||
S, Ghoreishizadeh
|
||
MA, Malek
|
||
A, Mohammadzadeh
|
||
S. Double-blind controlled trial of venlafaxine for treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Human Psychopharmacology. 2012; 27(1):76–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22252909" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22252909</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>35.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref35">Amiri
|
||
S, Mohammadi
|
||
MR, Mohammadi
|
||
M, Nouroozinejad
|
||
GH, Kahbazi
|
||
M, Akhondzadeh
|
||
S. Modafinil as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A double blind, randomized clinical trial. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2008; 32(1):145–149 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17765380" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17765380</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref36">Amiri
|
||
S, Shafiee-Kandjani
|
||
AR, Fakhari
|
||
A, Abdi
|
||
S, Golmirzaei
|
||
J, Rafi
|
||
ZA
|
||
et al. Psychiatric comorbidities in ADHD children: An Iranian study among primary school students. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2013; 16(9):513–517 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23981153" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23981153</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref37">An
|
||
L, Cao
|
||
XH, Cao
|
||
QJ, Sun
|
||
L, Yang
|
||
L, Zou
|
||
QH
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate normalizes resting-state brain dysfunction in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013; 38(7):1287–95 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3656372/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3656372</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23340519" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23340519</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref38">Anderson
|
||
VR, Keating
|
||
GM. Spotlight on methylphenidate controlled-delivery capsules (EquasymTMXL, Metadate CDTM) in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. CNS Drugs. 2007; 21(2):173–175 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17284098" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17284098</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref39">Anonymous. Guanfacine effective for attention-deficit/hyerpactivity disorder, but side effects are significant. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2008; 100(5):579–580</div></dd><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref40">Apostol
|
||
G, Abi-Saab
|
||
W, Kratochvil
|
||
CJ, Adler
|
||
LA, Robieson
|
||
WZ, Gault
|
||
LM
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of the novel alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptor partial agonist ABT-089 in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Psychopharmacology. 2012; 219(3):715–25 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21748252" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21748252</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>41.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref41">Arabgol
|
||
F, Panaghi
|
||
L, Nikzad
|
||
V. Risperidone versus methylphenidate in treatment of preschool children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 2015; 25(1):e265 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4505976/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4505976</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26199694" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26199694</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>42.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref42">Araki
|
||
A, Ikegami
|
||
M, Okayama
|
||
A, Matsumoto
|
||
N, Takahashi
|
||
S, Azuma
|
||
H
|
||
et al. Improved prefrontal activity in AD/HD children treated with atomoxetine: A NIRS study. Brain and Development. 2015; 37(1):76–87 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24767548" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24767548</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref43">Arango
|
||
C, Giraldez
|
||
M, Merchan-Naranjo
|
||
J, Baeza
|
||
I, Castro-Fornieles
|
||
J, Alda
|
||
JA
|
||
et al. Second-generation antipsychotic use in children and adolescents: a six-month prospective cohort study in drug-naive patients. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2014; 53(11):1179–90, 1190.e1–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25440308" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25440308</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref44">Ardic
|
||
UA, Ercan
|
||
ES, Ercan
|
||
E, Yuce
|
||
D, Basay
|
||
BK. Osmotic release oral system methylphenidate is more effective than immediate release methylphenidate: A retrospective chart review in turkish children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2014; 24(4):342–349</div></dd><dt>45.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref45">Armenteros
|
||
JL, Lewis
|
||
JE, Davalos
|
||
M. Risperidone augmentation for treatment-resistant aggression in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A placebo-controlled pilot study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007; 46(5):558–565 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17450046" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17450046</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>46.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref46">Armstrong
|
||
RB, Damaraju
|
||
CV, Ascher
|
||
S, Schwarzman
|
||
L, O’Neill
|
||
J, Starr
|
||
HL. Time course of treatment effect of OROS methylphenidate in children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2012; 16(8):697–705 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22084448" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22084448</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>47.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref47">Arnold
|
||
LE, Aman
|
||
MG, Cook
|
||
AM, Witwer
|
||
AN, Hall
|
||
KL, Thompson
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders: placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006; 45(10):1196–205 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17003665" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17003665</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>48.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref48">Arnold
|
||
LE, Amato
|
||
A, Bozzolo
|
||
H, Hollway
|
||
J, Cook
|
||
A, Ramadan
|
||
Y
|
||
et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A multi-site, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2007; 17(6):791–801 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18315451" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18315451</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>49.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref49">Arnold
|
||
LE, Bozzolo
|
||
DR, Hodgkins
|
||
P, McKay
|
||
M, Beckett-Thurman
|
||
L, Greenbaum
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Switching from oral extended-release methylphenidate to the methylphenidate transdermal system: continued attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom control and tolerability after abrupt conversion. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2010; 26(1):129–37 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3875401/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3875401</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19916704" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19916704</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>50.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref50">Arnold
|
||
LE, Farmer
|
||
C, Kraemer
|
||
HC, Davies
|
||
M, Witwer
|
||
A, Chuang
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Moderators, mediators, and other predictors of risperidone response in children with autistic disorder and irritability. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2010; 20(2):83–93 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2865212/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2865212</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20415603" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20415603</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>51.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref51">Arnold
|
||
LE, Gadow
|
||
KD, Farmer
|
||
CA, Findling
|
||
RL, Bukstein
|
||
O, Molina
|
||
BS
|
||
et al. Comorbid anxiety and social avoidance in treatment of severe childhood aggression: response to adding risperidone to stimulant and parent training; mediation of disruptive symptom response. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2015; 25(3):203–12 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4403224/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4403224</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25885010" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25885010</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>52.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref52">Arnold
|
||
VK, Feifel
|
||
D, Earl
|
||
CQ, Yang
|
||
R, Adler
|
||
LA. A 9-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-finding study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of modafinil as treatment for adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2014; 18(2):133–44 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22617860" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22617860</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>53.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref53">Asherson
|
||
P, Stes
|
||
S, Nilsson Markhed
|
||
M, Berggren
|
||
L, Svanborg
|
||
P, Kutzelnigg
|
||
A
|
||
et al. The effects of atomoxetine on emotional control in adults with ADHD: An integrated analysis of multicenter studies. European Psychiatry. 2015; 30(4):511–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25649490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25649490</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>54.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref54">Ashkenasi
|
||
A. Effect of transdermal methylphenidate wear times on sleep in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatric Neurology. 2011; 45(6):381–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22115000" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22115000</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>55.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref55">Babcock
|
||
T, Dirks
|
||
B, Adeyi
|
||
B, Scheckner
|
||
B. Efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder previously treated with amphetamines: analyses from a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled titration study. BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology. 2012; 13:18 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3554536/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3554536</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23254273" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23254273</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>56.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref56">Babinski
|
||
DE, Waxmonsky
|
||
JG, Pelham
|
||
WE, Jr. Treating parents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the effects of behavioral parent training and acute stimulant medication treatment on parent-child interactions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2014; 42(7):1129–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24687848" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24687848</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>57.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref57">Babinski
|
||
DE, Waxmonsky
|
||
JG, Waschbusch
|
||
DA, Humphery
|
||
H, Pelham
|
||
WE, Jr. Parent-reported improvements in family functioning in a randomized controlled trial of lisdexamfetamine for treatment of parental attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2016; 27(3):250–257 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27991835" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27991835</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>58.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref58">Babinski
|
||
DE, Waxmonsky
|
||
JG, Waschbusch
|
||
DA, Humphrey
|
||
H, Alfonso
|
||
A, Crum
|
||
KI
|
||
et al. A pilot study of stimulant medication for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who are parents of adolescents with ADHD: the acute effects of stimulant medication on observed parent-adolescent interactions. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2014; 24(10):582–5 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4268552/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4268552</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25386742" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25386742</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>59.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref59">Bahcivan Saydam
|
||
R, Belgin Ayvasik
|
||
H, Alyanak
|
||
B. Executive functioning in subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Noropsikiyatri Arsivi. 2015; 52(4):386–392 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5353113/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5353113</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28360745" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28360745</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>60.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref60">Bain
|
||
EE, Apostol
|
||
G, Sangal
|
||
RB, Robieson
|
||
WZ, McNeill
|
||
DL, Abi-Saab
|
||
WM
|
||
et al. A randomized pilot study of the efficacy and safety of ABT-089, a novel alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist, in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2012; 73(6):783–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22795204" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22795204</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>61.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref61">Bain
|
||
EE, Robieson
|
||
W, Pritchett
|
||
Y, Garimella
|
||
T, Abi-Saab
|
||
W, Apostol
|
||
G
|
||
et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study of alpha4beta2 agonist ABT-894 in adults with ADHD. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013; 38(3):405–13 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3547191/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3547191</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23032073" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23032073</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>62.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref62">Bali
|
||
V, Kamble
|
||
PS, Aparasu
|
||
RR. Predictors of concomitant use of antipsychotics and stimulants and its impact on stimulant persistence in pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy. 2015; 21(6):486–98 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10397805/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC10397805</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26011550" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26011550</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>63.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref63">Banaschewski
|
||
T, Johnson
|
||
M, Lecendreux
|
||
M, Zuddas
|
||
A, Adeyi
|
||
B, Hodgkins
|
||
P
|
||
et al. Health-related quality of life and functional outcomes from a randomized-withdrawal study of long-term lisdexamfetamine dimesylate treatment in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CNS Drugs. 2014; 28(12):1191–203 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4246127/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4246127</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25139785" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25139785</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>64.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref64">Banaschewski
|
||
T, Soutullo
|
||
C, Lecendreux
|
||
M, Johnson
|
||
M, Zuddas
|
||
A, Hodgkins
|
||
P
|
||
et al. Health-related quality of life and functional outcomes from a randomized, controlled study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. CNS Drugs. 2013; 27(10):829–40 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3784063/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3784063</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23893527" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23893527</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>65.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref65">Banerjee
|
||
S. Use of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with ADHD. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry. 2009; 13(2):18–20</div></dd><dt>66.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref66">Bangs
|
||
ME, Emslie
|
||
GJ, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Ramsey
|
||
JL, Carlson
|
||
C, Bartky
|
||
EJ
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and major depression. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2007; 17(4):407–419 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17822337" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17822337</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>67.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref67">Bangs
|
||
ME, Hazell
|
||
P, Danckaerts
|
||
M, Hoare
|
||
P, Coghill
|
||
DR, Wehmeier
|
||
PM
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Pediatrics. 2008; 121(2):e314–e320 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18245404" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18245404</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>68.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref68">Barbaresi
|
||
WJ, Katusic
|
||
SK, Colligan
|
||
RC, Weaver
|
||
AL, Leibson
|
||
CL, Jacobsen
|
||
SJ. Long-term stimulant medication treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Results from a population-based study. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 2014; 35(7):448–457 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25180895" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25180895</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>69.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref69">Barkley
|
||
RA, Anderson
|
||
DL, Kruesi
|
||
M. A pilot study of the effects of atomoxetine on driving performance in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2007; 10(3):306–16 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17242426" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17242426</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>70.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref70">Barnard
|
||
L, Young
|
||
AH, Pearson
|
||
J, Geddes
|
||
J, O’Brien
|
||
G. A systematic review of the use of atypical antipsychotics in autism. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2002; 16(1):93–101 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11949778" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11949778</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>71.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref71">Barrickman
|
||
LL, Perry
|
||
PJ, Allen
|
||
AJ, Kuperman
|
||
S, Arndt
|
||
SV, Herrmann
|
||
KJ
|
||
et al. Bupropion versus methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995; 34(5):649–57 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7775360" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7775360</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>72.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref72">Barry
|
||
RJ, Clarke
|
||
AR. Modafinil improves symptoms of ADHD compared with placebo in young people. Evidence-Based Mental Health. 2006; 9(3):68 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16868187" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16868187</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>73.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref73">Bart
|
||
O, Podoly
|
||
T, Bar-Haim
|
||
Y. A preliminary study on the effect of methylphenidate on motor performance in children with comorbid DCD and ADHD. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2010; 31(6):1443–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20650602" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20650602</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>74.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref74">Barton
|
||
J. Atomoxetine improves teacher rated symptoms in children with ADHD more than placebo. Evidence-Based Mental Health. 2006; 9(1):7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16436547" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16436547</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>75.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref75">Bastiaens
|
||
L. Effectiveness and tolerability of atomoxetine in a real-world ADHD population: nonrandomized comparison with stimulants. Psychiatry. 2007; 4(12):44–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2861514/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2861514</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20436763" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20436763</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>76.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref76">Becker
|
||
SP, Froehlich
|
||
TE, Epstein
|
||
JN. Effects of methylphenidate on sleep functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 2016; 37(5):395–404 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4887346/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4887346</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27011002" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27011002</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>77.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref77">Becker
|
||
SP, McBurnett
|
||
K, Hinshaw
|
||
SP, Pfiffner
|
||
LJ. Negative social preference in relation to internalizing symptoms among children with ADHD predominantly inattentive type: girls fare worse than boys. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2013; 42(6):784–95 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3830725/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3830725</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23978167" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23978167</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>78.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref78">Bedard
|
||
AC, Stein
|
||
MA, Halperin
|
||
JM, Krone
|
||
B, Rajwan
|
||
E, Newcorn
|
||
JH. Differential impact of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on sustained attention in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 2015; 56(1):40–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4272337/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4272337</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24942409" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24942409</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>79.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref79">Bedard
|
||
AC, Tannock
|
||
R. Anxiety, methylphenidate response, and working memory in children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2008; 11(5):546–557 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18094325" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18094325</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>80.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref80">Beherec
|
||
L, Lambrey
|
||
S, Quilici
|
||
G, Rosier
|
||
A, Falissard
|
||
B, Guillin
|
||
O. Retrospective review of clozapine in the treatment of patients with autism spectrum disorder and severe disruptive behaviors. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2011; 31(3):341–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21508854" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21508854</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>81.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref81">Bejerot
|
||
S, Ryden
|
||
EM, Arlinde
|
||
CM. Two-year outcome of treatment with central stimulant medication in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a prospective study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010; 71(12):1590–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20584517" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20584517</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>82.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref82">Bendz
|
||
LM, Scates
|
||
AC. Melatonin treatment for insomnia in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2010; 44(1):185–91 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20028959" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20028959</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>83.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref83">Bental
|
||
B, Tirosh
|
||
E. The effects of methylphenidate on word decoding accuracy in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2008; 28(1):89–92 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204348" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18204348</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>84.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref84">Benvenuto
|
||
A, Battan
|
||
B, Porfirio
|
||
MC, Curatolo
|
||
P. Pharmacotherapy of autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Development. 2013; 35(2):119–27 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22541665" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22541665</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>85.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref85">Berlin
|
||
I, Hu
|
||
MC, Covey
|
||
LS, Winhusen
|
||
T. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, craving to smoke, and tobacco withdrawal symptoms in adult smokers with ADHD. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2012; 124(3):268–73 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3605750/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3605750</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22364776" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22364776</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>86.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref86">Beyer von Morgenstern
|
||
S, Becker
|
||
I, Sinzig
|
||
J. Improvement of facial affect recognition in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder under methylphenidate. Acta Neuropsychiatrica. 2014; 26(4):202–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25142287" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25142287</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>87.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref87">Biederman
|
||
J, Baldessarini
|
||
RJ, Wright
|
||
V, Keenan
|
||
K, Faraone
|
||
S. A double-blind placebo controlled study of desipramine in the treatment of ADD: III. Lack of impact of comorbidity and family history factors on clinical response. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1993; 32(1):199–204 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8428872" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8428872</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>88.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref88">Biederman
|
||
J, Baldessarini
|
||
RJ, Wright
|
||
V, Knee
|
||
D, Harmatz
|
||
JS. A double-blind placebo controlled study of desipramine in the treatment of ADD: I. Efficacy. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1989; 28(5):777–84 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2676967" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2676967</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>89.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref89">Biederman
|
||
J, Baldessarini
|
||
RJ, Wright
|
||
V, Knee
|
||
D, Harmatz
|
||
JS, Goldblatt
|
||
A. A double-blind placebo controlled study of desipramine in the treatment ADD: II. Serum drug levels and cardiovascular findings. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1989; 28(6):903–11 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2808261" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2808261</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>90.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref90">Biederman
|
||
J, Boellner
|
||
SW, Childress
|
||
A, Lopez
|
||
FA, Krishnan
|
||
S, Zhang
|
||
Y. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and mixed amphetamine salts extended-release in children with ADHD: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover analog classroom study. Biological Psychiatry. 2007; 62(9):970–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17631866" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17631866</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>91.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref91">Biederman
|
||
J, Fried
|
||
R, Hammerness
|
||
P, Surman
|
||
C, Mehler
|
||
B, Petty
|
||
CR
|
||
et al. The effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on driving behaviors in young adults with ADHD assessed with the Manchester driving behavior questionnaire. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2012; 51(6):601–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23174471" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23174471</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>92.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref92">Biederman
|
||
J, Fried
|
||
R, Hammerness
|
||
P, Surman
|
||
C, Mehler
|
||
B, Petty
|
||
CR
|
||
et al. The effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on the driving performance of young adults with ADHD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using a validated driving simulator paradigm. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2012; 46(4):484–91 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22277301" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22277301</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>93.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref93">Biederman
|
||
J, Heiligenstein
|
||
JH, Faries
|
||
DE, Galil
|
||
N, Dittmann
|
||
R, Emslie
|
||
GJ
|
||
et al. Efficacy of atomoxetine versus placebo in school-age girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2002; 110(6):e75 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12456942" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12456942</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>94.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref94">Biederman
|
||
J, Krishnan
|
||
S, Zhang
|
||
Y, McGough
|
||
JJ, Findling
|
||
RL. Efficacy and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (NRP-104) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, forced-dose, parallel-group study. Clinical Therapeutics. 2007; 29(3):450–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17577466" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17577466</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>95.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref95">Biederman
|
||
J, Melmed
|
||
RD, Patel
|
||
A, McBurnett
|
||
K, Donahue
|
||
J, Lyne
|
||
A. Long-term, open-label extension study of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with ADHD. CNS Spectrums. 2008; 13(12):1047–55 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19179940" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19179940</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>96.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref96">Biederman
|
||
J, Melmed
|
||
RD, Patel
|
||
A, McBurnett
|
||
K, Konow
|
||
J, Lyne
|
||
A
|
||
et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2008; 121(1):e73–84 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18166547" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18166547</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>97.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref97">Biederman
|
||
J, Mick
|
||
E, Surman
|
||
C, Doyle
|
||
R, Hammerness
|
||
P, Harpold
|
||
T
|
||
et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of OROS methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2006; 59(9):829–35 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16373066" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16373066</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>98.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref98">Biederman
|
||
J, Mick
|
||
E, Surman
|
||
C, Doyle
|
||
R, Hammerness
|
||
P, Kotarski
|
||
M
|
||
et al. A randomized, 3-phase, 34-week, double-blind, long-term efficacy study of osmotic-release oral system-methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2010; 30(5):549–553 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20814332" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20814332</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>99.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref99">Biederman
|
||
J, Mick
|
||
EO, Surman
|
||
C, Doyle
|
||
R, Hammerness
|
||
P, Michel
|
||
E
|
||
et al. Comparative acute efficacy and tolerability of OROS and immediate release formulations of methylphenidate in the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2007; 7:49 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2075491/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2075491</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17868455" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17868455</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>100.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref100">Biederman
|
||
J, Monuteaux
|
||
MC, Spencer
|
||
T, Wilens
|
||
TE, Macpherson
|
||
HA, Faraone
|
||
SV. Stimulant therapy and risk for subsequent substance use disorders in male adults with ADHD: a naturalistic controlled 10-year follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008; 165(5):597–603 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18316421" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18316421</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>101.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref101">Biederman
|
||
J, Pliszka
|
||
SR. Modafinil improves symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across subtypes in children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics. 2008; 152(3):394–399 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18280848" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18280848</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>102.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref102">Biederman
|
||
J, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Newcorn
|
||
JH, Gao
|
||
H, Milton
|
||
DR, Feldman
|
||
PD
|
||
et al. Effect of comorbid symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder on responses to atomoxetine in children with ADHD: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trial data. Psychopharmacology. 2007; 190(1):31–41 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17093981" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17093981</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>103.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref103">Biederman
|
||
J, Swanson
|
||
JM, Wigal
|
||
SB, Boellner
|
||
SW, Earl
|
||
CQ, Lopez
|
||
FA. A comparison of once-daily and divided doses of modafinil in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006; 67(5):727–35 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16841622" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16841622</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>104.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref104">Biederman
|
||
J, Swanson
|
||
JM, Wigal
|
||
SB, Kratochvil
|
||
CJ, Boellner
|
||
SW, Earl
|
||
CQ
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study. Pediatrics. 2005; 116(6):e777–84 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16322134" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16322134</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>105.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref105">Bilder
|
||
RM, Loo
|
||
SK, McGough
|
||
JJ, Whelan
|
||
F, Hellemann
|
||
G, Sugar
|
||
C
|
||
et al. Cognitive effects of stimulant, guanfacine, and combined treatment in child and adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016; 55(8):667–73 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4964604/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4964604</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27453080" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27453080</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>106.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref106">Blader
|
||
JC, Pliszka
|
||
SR, Kafantaris
|
||
V, Foley
|
||
CA, Crowell
|
||
JA, Carlson
|
||
GA
|
||
et al. Callous-unemotional traits, proactive aggression, and treatment outcomes of aggressive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2013; 52(12):1281–1293 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4530123/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4530123</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24290461" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24290461</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>107.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref107">Blader
|
||
JC, Schooler
|
||
NR, Jensen
|
||
PS, Pliszka
|
||
SR, Kafantaris
|
||
V. Adjunctive divalproex versus placebo for children with ADHD and aggression refractory to stimulant monotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2009; 166(12):1392–1401 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2940237/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2940237</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19884222" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19884222</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>108.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref108">Blum
|
||
NJ, Jawad
|
||
AF, Clarke
|
||
AT, Power
|
||
TJ. Effect of osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate on different domains of attention and executive functioning in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2011; 53(9):843–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21585365" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21585365</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>109.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref109">Blumer
|
||
JL, Findling
|
||
RL, Shih
|
||
WJ, Soubrane
|
||
C, Reed
|
||
MD. Controlled clinical trial of zolpidem for the treatment of insomnia associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children 6 to 17 years of age. Pediatrics. 2009; 123(5):e770–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19403468" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19403468</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>110.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref110">Boellner
|
||
SW, Stark
|
||
JG, Krishnan
|
||
S, Zhang
|
||
Y. Pharmacokinetics of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and its active metabolite, d-amphetamine, with increasing oral doses of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, crossover study. Clinical Therapeutics. 2010; 32(2):252–64 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20206783" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20206783</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>111.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref111">Bögels
|
||
S, Hoogstad
|
||
B, van Dun
|
||
L, de Schutter
|
||
S, Restifo
|
||
K. Mindfulness training for adolescents with externalizing disorders and their parents. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2008; 36(2):193–209</div></dd><dt>112.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref112">Bohnstedt
|
||
BN, Kronenberger
|
||
WG, Dunn
|
||
DW, Giauque
|
||
AL, Wood
|
||
EA, Rembusch
|
||
ME
|
||
et al. Investigator ratings of ADHD symptoms during a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of atomoxetine: a comparison of parents and teachers as informants. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2005; 8(4):153–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16110045" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16110045</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>113.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref113">Boisjoli
|
||
R, Vitaro
|
||
F, Lacourse
|
||
E, Barker
|
||
ED, Tremblay
|
||
RE. Impact and clinical significance of a preventive intervention for disruptive boys: 15-year follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2007; 191:415–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17978321" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17978321</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>114.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref114">Boonstra
|
||
AM, Kooij
|
||
JJ, Oosterlaan
|
||
J, Sergeant
|
||
JA, Buitelaar
|
||
JK, Someren
|
||
EJ. Hyperactive night and day? Actigraphy studies in adult ADHD: a baseline comparison and the effect of methylphenidate. Sleep. 2007; 30(4):433–42 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17520787" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17520787</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>115.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref115">Borsting
|
||
E, Mitchell
|
||
L, Rouse
|
||
M. Academic behaviors in children with convergence insufficiency with parent-reported ADHD. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2008; 49(13):2569</div></dd><dt>116.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref116">Bottelier
|
||
MA, Schouw
|
||
ML, Klomp
|
||
A, Tamminga
|
||
HG, Schrantee
|
||
AG, Bouziane
|
||
C
|
||
et al. The effects of psychotropic drugs on developing brain (ePOD) study: methods and design. BMC Psychiatry. 2014; 14:48 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3930821/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3930821</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552282" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24552282</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>117.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref117">Brams
|
||
M, Giblin
|
||
J, Gasior
|
||
M, Gao
|
||
J, Wigal
|
||
T. Effects of open-label lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on self-reported quality of life in adults with ADHD. Postgraduate Medicine. 2011; 123(3):99–108 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21566420" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21566420</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>118.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref118">Brams
|
||
M, Moon
|
||
E, Pucci
|
||
M, Lopez
|
||
FA. Duration of effect of oral long-acting stimulant medications for ADHD throughout the day. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2010; 26(8):1809–1825 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20491612" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20491612</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>119.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref119">Brams
|
||
M, Muniz
|
||
R, Childress
|
||
A, Giblin
|
||
J, Mao
|
||
A, Turnbow
|
||
J
|
||
et al. A randomized, double-blind, crossover study of once-daily dexmethylphenidate in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Rapid onset of effect. CNS Drugs. 2008; 22(8):693–704 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18601306" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18601306</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>120.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref120">Brams
|
||
M, Turnbow
|
||
J, Pestreich
|
||
L. Erratum: A randomized, double-blind study of 30 versus 20 mg dexmethylphenidate extended-release in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Late-day symptom control(Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (2012) 32:5 (637–644)). Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2012; 32(6):766 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22926597" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22926597</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>121.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref121">Brams
|
||
M, Turnbow
|
||
J, Pestreich
|
||
L, Giblin
|
||
J, Childress
|
||
A, McCague
|
||
K
|
||
et al. A randomized, double-blind study of 30 versus 20 mg dexmethylphenidate extended-release in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: late-day symptom control. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2012; 32(5):637–44 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22926597" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22926597</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>122.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref122">Brams
|
||
M, Weisler
|
||
R, Findling
|
||
RL, Gasior
|
||
M, Hamdani
|
||
M, Ferreira-Cornwell
|
||
MC
|
||
et al. Maintenance of efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: randomized withdrawal design. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2012; 73(7):977–83 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22780921" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22780921</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>123.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref123">Bro
|
||
SP, Kjaersgaard
|
||
MI, Parner
|
||
ET, Sorensen
|
||
MJ, Olsen
|
||
J, Bech
|
||
BH
|
||
et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes after exposure to methylphenidate or atomoxetine during pregnancy. Clinical Epidemiology. 2015; 7:139–47 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4317061/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4317061</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25657597" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25657597</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>124.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref124">Brown
|
||
RT, Sexson
|
||
SB. Effects of methylphenidate on cardiovascular responses in attention deficit hyperactivity disordered adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health Care. 1989; 10(3):179–83 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2715089" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2715089</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>125.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref125">Brown
|
||
TE, Brams
|
||
M, Gao
|
||
J, Gasior
|
||
M, Childress
|
||
A. Open-label administration of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate improves executive function impairments and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Postgraduate Medicine. 2010; 122(5):7–17 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20861583" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20861583</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>126.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref126">Brown
|
||
TE, Holdnack
|
||
J, Saylor
|
||
K, Adler
|
||
L, Spencer
|
||
T, Williams
|
||
DW
|
||
et al. Effect of atomoxetine on executive function impairments in with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2011; 15(2):130–138 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20026871" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20026871</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>127.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref127">Brown
|
||
TE, Landgraf
|
||
JM. Improvements in executive function correlate with enhanced performance and functioning and health-related quality of life: evidence from 2 large, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials in ADHD. Postgraduate Medicine. 2010; 122(5):42–51 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20861587" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20861587</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>128.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref128">Bubnik
|
||
MG, Hawk
|
||
LW, Jr., Pelham
|
||
WE, Jr., Waxmonsky
|
||
JG, Rosch
|
||
KS. Reinforcement enhances vigilance among children with ADHD: comparisons to typically developing children and to the effects of methylphenidate. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2015; 43(1):149–61 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4269577/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4269577</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24931776" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24931776</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>129.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref129">Buchmann
|
||
J, Gierow
|
||
W, Weber
|
||
S, Hoeppner
|
||
J, Klauer
|
||
T, Benecke
|
||
R
|
||
et al. Restoration of disturbed intracortical motor inhibition and facilitation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children by methylphenidate. Biological Psychiatry. 2007; 62(9):963–969 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17719015" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17719015</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>130.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref130">Buitelaar
|
||
J, Swaab-Barneveld
|
||
H, Van der Gaag
|
||
R. Prediction of clinical response to methylphenidate in children with ADHD. X World Congress of Psychiatry; 1996 August
|
||
23–26; Madrid, Spain Madrid: World Psychiatric Association. 1996;</div></dd><dt>131.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref131">Buitelaar
|
||
JK, Michelson
|
||
D, Danckaerts
|
||
M, Gillberg
|
||
C, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Zuddas
|
||
A
|
||
et al. A randomized, double-blind study of continuation treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder after 1 year. Biological Psychiatry. 2007; 61(5):694–699 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16893523" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16893523</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>132.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref132">Buitelaar
|
||
JK, Ramos-Quiroga
|
||
JA, Casas
|
||
M, Kooij
|
||
JJS, Niemela
|
||
A, Konofal
|
||
E
|
||
et al. Safety and tolerability of flexible dosages of prolonged-release OROS methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2009; 5(1):457–466 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2747385/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2747385</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19777067" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19777067</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>133.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref133">Buitelaar
|
||
JK, Trott
|
||
GE, Hofecker
|
||
M, Waechter
|
||
S, Berwaerts
|
||
J, Dejonkheere
|
||
J
|
||
et al. Long-term efficacy and safety outcomes with OROS-MPH in adults with ADHD. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012; 15(1):1–13 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3243903/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3243903</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21798108" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21798108</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>134.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref134">Buitelaar
|
||
JK, van der Gaag
|
||
RJ, Cohen-Kettenis
|
||
P, Melman
|
||
CT. A randomized controlled trial of risperidone in the treatment of aggression in hospitalized adolescents with subaverage cognitive abilities. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001; 62(4):239–48 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11379837" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11379837</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>135.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref135">Buitelaar
|
||
JK, van der Gaag
|
||
RJ, Swaab-Barneveld
|
||
H, Kuiper
|
||
M. Pindolol and methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinical efficacy and side-effects. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 1996; 37(5):587–95 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8807439" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8807439</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>136.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref136">Burton
|
||
B, Grant
|
||
M, Feigenbaum
|
||
A, Singh
|
||
R, Hendren
|
||
R, Siriwardena
|
||
K
|
||
et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of sapropterin to treat ADHD symptoms and executive function impairment in children and adults with sapropterinresponsive phenylketonuria. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 2015; 114(3):415–24 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25533024" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25533024</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>137.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref137">Butter
|
||
HJ, Lapierre
|
||
Y, Firestone
|
||
P, Blank
|
||
A. A comparative study of the efficacy of ACTH4–9 analog, methylphenidate, and placebo on attention deficit disorder with hyperkinesis. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1983; 3(4):226–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6309918" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6309918</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>138.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref138">Butter
|
||
HJ, Lapierre
|
||
Y, Firestone
|
||
P, Blank
|
||
A. Efficacy of ACTH 4–9 analog, methylphenidate, and placebo on attention deficit disorder with hyperkinesis. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 1984; 8(4–6):661–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6099589" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6099589</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>139.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref139">Butterfield
|
||
ME, Saal
|
||
J, Young
|
||
B, Young
|
||
JL. Supplementary guanfacine hydrochloride as a treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A double blind, placebo-controlled study. Psychiatry Research. 2016; 236:136–41 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26730446" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26730446</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>140.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref140">Camporeale
|
||
A, Upadhyaya
|
||
H, Ramos-Quiroga
|
||
JA, Williams
|
||
D, Tanaka
|
||
Y, Lane
|
||
JR
|
||
et al. Safety and tolerability of atomoxetine hydrochloride in a long-term, placebo-controlled randomized withdrawal study in European and Non-European adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Journal of Psychiatry. 2013; 27(3):206–224</div></dd><dt>141.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref141">Cannon
|
||
M, Pelham
|
||
WHJ, Sallee
|
||
FR, Palumbo
|
||
DR, Bukstein
|
||
O, Daviss
|
||
WB. Effects of clonidine and methylphenidate on family quality of life in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(5):511–517 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2830226/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2830226</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19877975" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19877975</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>142.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref142">Cantilena
|
||
L, Kahn
|
||
R, Duncan
|
||
CC, Li
|
||
SH, Anderson
|
||
A, Elkashef
|
||
A. Safety of atomoxetine in combination with intravenous cocaine in cocaine-experienced participants. Journal of Addiction Medicine. 2012; 6(4):265–73 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3492533/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3492533</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22987022" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22987022</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>143.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref143">Cardo
|
||
E, Porsdal
|
||
V, Quail
|
||
D, Fuentes
|
||
J, Steer
|
||
C, Montoya
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Fast vs. slow switching from stimulants to atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(4):252–61 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23683140" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23683140</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>144.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref144">Casas
|
||
M, Rosler
|
||
M, Sandra Kooij
|
||
JJ, Ginsberg
|
||
Y, Ramos-Quiroga
|
||
JA, Heger
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of prolonged-release OROS methylphenidate in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a 13-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2013; 14(4):268–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22106853" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22106853</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>145.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref145">Casat
|
||
CD, Pleasants
|
||
DZ, Van Wyck Fleet
|
||
J. A double-blind trial of bupropion in children with attention deficit disorder. Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1987; 23(1):120–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3110853" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3110853</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>146.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref146">Castellanos-Ryan
|
||
N, Seguin
|
||
JR, Vitaro
|
||
F, Parent
|
||
S, Tremblay
|
||
RE. Impact of a 2-year multimodal intervention for disruptive 6-year-olds on substance use in adolescence: randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2013; 203(3):188–95 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3792081/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3792081</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23929441" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23929441</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>147.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref147">Castells
|
||
X, Ramos-Quiroga
|
||
JA, Bosch
|
||
R, Nogueira
|
||
M, Casas
|
||
M. Amphetamines for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
||
2011, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD007813. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007813.pub2. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21678370" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21678370</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007813.pub2" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd><dt>148.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref148">Cetin
|
||
FH, Tas Torun
|
||
Y, Isik Taner
|
||
Y. Atomoxetine versus OROS methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A six-month follow up study for efficacy and adverse effects. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015; 35(2):88–96</div></dd><dt>149.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref149">Chang
|
||
K, Nayar
|
||
D, Howe
|
||
M, Rana
|
||
M. Atomoxetine as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of co-morbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with bipolar I or II disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(5):547–51 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19877979" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19877979</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>150.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref150">Chang
|
||
YK, Liu
|
||
S, Yu
|
||
HH, Lee
|
||
YH. Effect of acute exercise on executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2012; 27(2):225–37 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22306962" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22306962</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>151.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref151">Chang
|
||
Z, D’Onofrio
|
||
BM, Quinn
|
||
PD, Lichtenstein
|
||
P, Larsson
|
||
H. Medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk for depression: A nationwide longitudinal cohort study. Biological Psychiatry. 2016; 80(12):916–22 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4995143/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4995143</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27086545" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27086545</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>152.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref152">Chantiluke
|
||
K, Barrett
|
||
N, Giampietro
|
||
V, Brammer
|
||
M, Simmons
|
||
A, Murphy
|
||
DG
|
||
et al. Inverse effect of fluoxetine on medial prefrontal cortex activation during reward reversal in ADHD and autism. Cerebral Cortex. 2015; 25(7):1757–70 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4459282/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4459282</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24451919" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24451919</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>153.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref153">Chantiluke
|
||
K, Barrett
|
||
N, Giampietro
|
||
V, Brammer
|
||
M, Simmons
|
||
A, Rubia
|
||
K. Disorder-dissociated effects of fluoxetine on brain function of working memory in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Psychological Medicine. 2015; 45(6):1195–205 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25292351" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25292351</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>154.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref154">Chavez
|
||
B, Chavez-Brown
|
||
M, Rey
|
||
JA. Role of risperidone in children with autism spectrum disorder. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2006; 40(5):909–16 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16684811" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16684811</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>155.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref155">Chen
|
||
CY, Yeh
|
||
HH, Fang
|
||
SY, Wu
|
||
EC, Chang
|
||
IS, Lin
|
||
KM. Overlapping Prescriptions of Stimulants for Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychiatric Services. 2012; 63(10):1011–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22911441" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22911441</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>156.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref156">Chen
|
||
Q, Sjolander
|
||
A, Runeson
|
||
B, D’Onofrio
|
||
BM, Lichtenstein
|
||
P, Larsson
|
||
H. Drug treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and suicidal behaviour: register based study. BMJ. 2014; 348:g3769 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4062356/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4062356</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24942388" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24942388</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>157.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref157">Chen
|
||
TH, Wu
|
||
SW, Welge
|
||
JA, Dixon
|
||
SG, Shahana
|
||
N, Huddleston
|
||
DA
|
||
et al. Reduced short interval cortical inhibition correlates with atomoxetine response in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Journal of Child Neurology. 2014; 29(12):1672–1679 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4092054/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4092054</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24413361" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24413361</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>158.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref158">Cheng-Shannon
|
||
J, McGough
|
||
JJ, Pataki
|
||
C, McCracken
|
||
JT. Second-generation antipsychotic medications in children and adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2004; 14(3):372–94 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650494" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15650494</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>159.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref159">Childress
|
||
AC. Guanfacine extended release as adjunctive therapy to psychostimulants in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Advances in Therapy. 2012; 29(5):385–400 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22610723" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22610723</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>160.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref160">Childress
|
||
AC, Arnold
|
||
V, Adeyi
|
||
B, Dirks
|
||
B, Babcock
|
||
T, Scheckner
|
||
B
|
||
et al. The effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on emotional lability in children 6 to 12 years of age with ADHD in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2014; 18(2):123–32 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22740112" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22740112</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>161.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref161">Childress
|
||
AC, Brams
|
||
M, Cutler
|
||
AJ, Kollins
|
||
SH, Northcutt
|
||
J, Padilla
|
||
A
|
||
et al. The efficacy and safety of evekeo, racemic amphetamine sulfate, for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms: a multicenter, dose-optimized, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover laboratory classroomstudy. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2015; 25(5):402–14 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4491157/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4491157</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25692608" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25692608</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>162.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref162">Childress
|
||
AC, Cutler
|
||
AJ, Saylor
|
||
K, Gasior
|
||
M, Hamdani
|
||
M, Ferreira-Cornwell
|
||
MC
|
||
et al. Participant-perceived quality of life in a long-term, open-label trial of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2014; 24(4):210–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4026374/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4026374</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24815910" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24815910</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>163.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref163">Childress
|
||
AC, Spencer
|
||
T, Lopez
|
||
F, Gerstner
|
||
O, Thulasiraman
|
||
A, Muniz
|
||
R
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules administered once daily to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(4):351–361 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19702487" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19702487</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>164.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref164">Ching
|
||
H, Pringsheim
|
||
T. Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
||
2012, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD009043. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009043.pub2. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22592735" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22592735</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009043.pub2" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd><dt>165.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref165">Cho
|
||
S, Lee
|
||
SI, Yoo
|
||
H, Song
|
||
DH, Ahn
|
||
DH, Shin
|
||
DW
|
||
et al. A randomized, open-label assessment of response to various doses of atomoxetine in korean pediatric outpatients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Investigation. 2011; 8(2):141–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3149109/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3149109</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21852991" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21852991</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>166.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref166">Chou
|
||
CC, Huang
|
||
CJ. Effects of an 8-week yoga program on sustained attention and discrimination function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. PeerJ. 2017; 5:e2883 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5237364/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5237364</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28097075" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28097075</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>167.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref167">Chou
|
||
WJ, Chen
|
||
SJ, Chen
|
||
YS, Liang
|
||
HY, Lin
|
||
CC, Tang
|
||
CS
|
||
et al. Remission in children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder via an effective and tolerable titration scheme for osmotic release oral system methylphenidate. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2012; 22(3):215–25 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3373222/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3373222</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22537358" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22537358</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>168.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref168">Classen
|
||
S, Monahan
|
||
M. Evidence-based review on interventions and determinants of driving performance in teens with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism spectrum disorder. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2013; 14(2):188–93 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23343028" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23343028</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>169.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref169">Classen
|
||
S, Monahan
|
||
M, Brown
|
||
KE, Hernandez
|
||
S. Driving indicators in teens with attention deficit hyperactivity and/or autism spectrum disorder. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2013; 80(5):274–283 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24640642" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24640642</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>170.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref170">Classen
|
||
S, Monahan
|
||
M, Wang
|
||
V. Driving characteristics of teens with attention deficit hyperactivity and autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2013; 67(6):664–673 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24195900" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24195900</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>171.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref171">Classi
|
||
PM, Le
|
||
TK, Ward
|
||
S, Johnston
|
||
J. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medication use for children with ADHD with and without a co-occurring reading disorder: A retrospective cohort study. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Mental Health. 2011; 5:38 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3261805/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3261805</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22145783" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22145783</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>172.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref172">Clemow
|
||
DB, Mason
|
||
OW, Sarkis
|
||
EH, Ruff
|
||
DD, Berman
|
||
BD, Donnelly
|
||
CL
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine monotherapy compared with combination therapy for the treatment of ADHD: a retrospective chart review study. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 2015; 15(11):1353–66 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26488905" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26488905</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>173.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref173">Coghill
|
||
D. The impact of medications on quality of life in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. CNS Drugs. 2010; 24(10):843–866 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20839896" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20839896</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>174.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref174">Coghill
|
||
D, Banaschewski
|
||
T, Lecendreux
|
||
M, Soutullo
|
||
C, Johnson
|
||
M, Zuddas
|
||
A
|
||
et al. European, randomized, phase 3 study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013; 23(10):1208–18 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23332456" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23332456</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>175.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref175">Coghill
|
||
DR, Banaschewski
|
||
T, Lecendreux
|
||
M, Johnson
|
||
M, Zuddas
|
||
A, Anderson
|
||
CS
|
||
et al. Maintenance of efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: randomized-withdrawal study design. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2014; 53(6):647–657.e1 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24839883" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24839883</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>176.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref176">Coghill
|
||
DR, Banaschewski
|
||
T, Lecendreux
|
||
M, Soutullo
|
||
C, Zuddas
|
||
A, Adeyi
|
||
B
|
||
et al. Post hoc analyses of the impact of previous medication on the efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a randomized, controlled trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2014; 10:2039–47 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4219557/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4219557</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25378930" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25378930</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>177.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref177">Coghill
|
||
DR, Banaschewski
|
||
T, Lecendreux
|
||
M, Zuddas
|
||
A, Dittmann
|
||
RW, Otero
|
||
IH
|
||
et al. Efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate throughout the day in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a randomized, controlled trial. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2014; 23(2):61–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3918120/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3918120</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23708466" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23708466</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>178.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref178">Cohen-Yavin
|
||
I, Yoran-Hegesh
|
||
R, Strous
|
||
RD, Kotler
|
||
M, Weizman
|
||
A, Spivak
|
||
B. Efficacy of reboxetine in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in boys with intolerance to methylphenidate: an open-label, 8-week, methylphenidate-controlled trial. Clinical Neuropharmacology. 2009; 32(4):179–82 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19644227" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19644227</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>179.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref179">Collins
|
||
S. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in the treatment of adult ADHD with anxiety disorder comorbidity. 2013. Available from: <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01863459" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01863459</a> Last accessed: 01/06/2017.</div></dd><dt>180.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref180">Comer
|
||
JS, Chow
|
||
C, Chan
|
||
PT, Cooper-Vince
|
||
C, Wilson
|
||
LA. Psychosocial treatment efficacy for disruptive behavior problems in very young children: a meta-analytic examination. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2013; 52(1):26–36 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4247988/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4247988</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23265631" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23265631</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>181.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref181">Comparison of duloxetine and methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2016; 74(3):190–8</div></dd><dt>182.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref182">Conners
|
||
CK, Casat
|
||
CD, Gualtieri
|
||
CT, Weller
|
||
E, Reader
|
||
M, Reiss
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Bupropion hydrochloride in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996; 35(10):1314–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8885585" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8885585</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>183.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref183">Conners
|
||
CK, Taylor
|
||
E. Pemoline, methylphenidate, and placebo in children with minimal brain dysfunction. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1980; 37(8):922–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7406656" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7406656</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>184.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref184">Connolly
|
||
JG, Toomey
|
||
TJ, Schneeweiss
|
||
MC. Metabolic monitoring for youths initiating use of second-generation antipsychotics, 2003–2011. Psychiatric Services. 2015; 66(6):604–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25726977" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25726977</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>185.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref185">Connor
|
||
DF. Nadolol for self-injury, overactivity, inattention, and aggression in a child with pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 1994; 4(2):101–111</div></dd><dt>186.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref186">Connor
|
||
DF, Arnsten
|
||
AF, Pearson
|
||
GS, Greco
|
||
GF. Guanfacine extended release for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2014; 15(11):1601–1610 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24992513" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24992513</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>187.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref187">Connor
|
||
DF, Findling
|
||
RL, Kollins
|
||
SH, Sallee
|
||
F, Lopez
|
||
FA, Lyne
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Effects of guanfacine extended release on oppositional symptoms in children aged 6–12 years with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CNS Drugs. 2010; 24(9):755–68 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20806988" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20806988</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>188.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref188">Connor
|
||
DF, Grasso
|
||
DJ, Slivinsky
|
||
MD, Pearson
|
||
GS, Banga
|
||
A. An open-label study of guanfacine extended release for traumatic stress related symptoms in children and adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(4):244–251 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3657282/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3657282</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23683139" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23683139</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>189.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref189">Cooper
|
||
WO, Habel
|
||
LA, Sox
|
||
CM, Chan
|
||
KA, Arbogast
|
||
PG, Cheetham
|
||
TC
|
||
et al. ADHD drugs and serious cardiovascular events in children and young adults. New England Journal of Medicine. 2011; 365(20):1896–904 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4943074/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4943074</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22043968" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22043968</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>190.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref190">Corkum
|
||
P, Panton
|
||
R, Ironside
|
||
S, MacPherson
|
||
M, Williams
|
||
T. Acute impact of immediate release methylphenidate administered three times a day on sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2008; 33(4):368–379 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18056144" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18056144</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>191.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref191">Cornforth
|
||
C, Sonuga-Barke
|
||
E, Coghill
|
||
D. Stimulant drug effects on attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of the effects of age and sex of patients. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2010; 16(22):2424–2433 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20513225" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20513225</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>192.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref192">Correia Filho
|
||
AG, Bodanese
|
||
R, Silva
|
||
TL, Alvares
|
||
JP, Aman
|
||
M, Rohde
|
||
LA. Comparison of risperidone and methylphenidate for reducing ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with moderate mental retardation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2005; 44(8):748–55 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16034276" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16034276</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>193.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref193">Cortese
|
||
S, Castelnau
|
||
P, Morcillo
|
||
C, Roux
|
||
S, Bonnet-Brilhault
|
||
F. Psychostimulants for ADHD-like symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 2012; 12(4):461–473 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22449217" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22449217</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>194.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref194">Costa
|
||
A, Riedel
|
||
M, Pogarell
|
||
O, Menzel-Zelnitschek
|
||
F, Schwarz
|
||
M, Reiser
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate effects on neural activity during response inhibition in healthy humans. Cerebral Cortex. 2013; 23(5):1179–89 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22581848" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22581848</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>195.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref195">Cottrell
|
||
S, Tilden
|
||
D, Robinson
|
||
P, Bae
|
||
J, Arellano
|
||
J, Edgell
|
||
E
|
||
et al. A modeled economic evaluation comparing atomoxetine with stimulant therapy in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the United Kingdom. Value in Health. 2008; 11(3):376–388 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18489664" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18489664</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>196.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref196">Covey
|
||
LS, Hu
|
||
MC, Weissman
|
||
J, Croghan
|
||
I, Adler
|
||
L, Winhusen
|
||
T. Divergence by ADHD subtype in smoking cessation response to OROS-methylphenidate. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2011; 13(10):1003–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3179666/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3179666</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21652734" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21652734</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>197.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref197">Covey
|
||
LS, Hu
|
||
MC, Winhusen
|
||
T, Lima
|
||
J, Berlin
|
||
I, Nunes
|
||
E. Anxiety and depressed mood decline following smoking abstinence in adult smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2015; 59:104–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4661105/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4661105</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26272693" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26272693</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>198.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref198">Covey
|
||
LS, Hu
|
||
MC, Winhusen
|
||
T, Weissman
|
||
J, Berlin
|
||
I, Nunes
|
||
EV. OROS-methylphenidate or placebo for adult smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: racial/ethnic differences. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2010; 110(1–2):156–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2913299/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2913299</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20219292" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20219292</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>199.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref199">Cox
|
||
DJ, Davis
|
||
M, Mikami
|
||
AY, Singh
|
||
H, Merkel
|
||
RL, Burket
|
||
R. Long-acting methylphenidate reduces collision rates of young adult drivers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2012; 32(2):225–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22367664" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22367664</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>200.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref200">Cox
|
||
DJ, Moore
|
||
M, Burket
|
||
R, Merkel
|
||
RL, Mikami
|
||
AY, Kovatchev
|
||
B. Rebound effects with long-acting amphetamine or methylphenidate stimulant medication preparations among adolescent male drivers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2008; 18(1):1–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294083" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18294083</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>201.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref201">Cubillo
|
||
A, Smith
|
||
AB, Barrett
|
||
N, Giampietro
|
||
V, Brammer
|
||
M, Simmons
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Drug-specific laterality effects on frontal lobe activation of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder boys during working memory. Psychological Medicine. 2014; 44(3):633–46 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23597077" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23597077</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>202.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref202">Cubillo
|
||
A, Smith
|
||
AB, Barrett
|
||
N, Giampietro
|
||
V, Brammer
|
||
MJ, Simmons
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Shared and drug-specific effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on inhibitory brain dysfunction in medication-naive ADHD boys. Cerebral Cortex. 2014; 24(1):174–85 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3862268/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3862268</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23048018" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23048018</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>203.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref203">Curtin
|
||
C, Bandini
|
||
LG, Perrin
|
||
EC, Tybor
|
||
DJ, Must
|
||
A. Prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders: a chart review. BMC Pediatrics. 2005; 5:48 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1352356/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1352356</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16371155" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16371155</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>204.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref204">Cutler
|
||
A, Pestreich
|
||
L, McCague
|
||
K, Muniz
|
||
R. Extended-release dexmethylphenidate improves permp math test performance throughout the laboratory-classroom day in children with adhd. 163rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2010 May 22–26; New Orleans, LA. 2010;</div></dd><dt>205.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref205">Dalsgaard
|
||
S, Mortensen
|
||
PB, Frydenberg
|
||
M, Thomsen
|
||
PH. ADHD, stimulant treatment in childhood and subsequent substance abuse in adulthood - a naturalistic long-term follow-up study. Addictive Behaviors. 2014; 39(1):325–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24090624" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24090624</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>206.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref206">Daviss
|
||
WB, Patel
|
||
NC, Robb
|
||
AS, McDermott
|
||
MP, Bukstein
|
||
OG, Pelham, Jr. et al. Clonidine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. ECG changes and adverse events analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008; 47(2):189–198 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18182964" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18182964</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>207.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref207">Dean
|
||
AC, Sevak
|
||
RJ, Monterosso
|
||
JR, Hellemann
|
||
G, Sugar
|
||
CA, London
|
||
ED. Acute modafinil effects on attention and inhibitory control in methamphetamine-dependent humans. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 2011; 72(6):943–53 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3211965/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3211965</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22051208" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22051208</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>208.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref208">Dell’Agnello
|
||
G, Maschietto
|
||
D, Bravaccio
|
||
C, Calamoneri
|
||
F, Masi
|
||
G, Curatolo
|
||
P
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder: A placebo-controlled Italian study. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009; 19(11):822–834 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19716683" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19716683</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>209.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref209">Deputy
|
||
SR. Treatment of ADHD in children with tics: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Pediatrics. 2002; 41(9):736 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12462329" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12462329</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>210.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref210">DeVito
|
||
EE, Blackwell
|
||
AD, Clark
|
||
L, Kent
|
||
L, Dezsery
|
||
AM, Turner
|
||
DC
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate improves response inhibition but not reflection-impulsivity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychopharmacology. 2009; 202(1–3):531–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2704617/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2704617</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18818905" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18818905</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>211.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref211">Dey
|
||
M, Mohler-Kuo
|
||
M, Landolt
|
||
MA. Health-related quality of life among children with mental health problems: a population-based approach. Health & Quality of Life Outcomes. 2012; 10:73 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3420327/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3420327</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22709358" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22709358</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>212.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref212">Dinca
|
||
O, Paul
|
||
M, Spencer
|
||
NJ. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of atypical antipsychotics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for behavioural problems associated with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2005; 19(5):521–532 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16166190" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16166190</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>213.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref213">Dittmann
|
||
RW, Cardo
|
||
E, Nagy
|
||
P, Anderson
|
||
CS, Adeyi
|
||
B, Caballero
|
||
B
|
||
et al. Treatment response and remission in a double-blind, randomized, head-to-head study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. CNS Drugs. 2014; 28(11):1059–69 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4221603/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4221603</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25038977" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25038977</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>214.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref214">Dittmann
|
||
RW, Cardo
|
||
E, Nagy
|
||
P, Anderson
|
||
CS, Bloomfield
|
||
R, Caballero
|
||
B
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and atomoxetine in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a head-to-head, randomized, double-blind, phase IIIb study. CNS Drugs. 2013; 27(12):1081–92 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3835923/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3835923</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23959815" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23959815</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>215.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref215">Dittmann
|
||
RW, Wehmeier
|
||
PM, Schacht
|
||
A, Minarzyk
|
||
A, Lehmann
|
||
M, Sevecke
|
||
K
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine treatment and ADHD-related difficulties as assessed by adolescent patients, their parents and physicians. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Mental Health. 2009; 3(1):21 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2746185/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2746185</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19703299" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19703299</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>216.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref216">Doig
|
||
J, McLennan
|
||
JD, Gibbard
|
||
WB. Medication effects on symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2008; 18(4):365–71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18759646" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18759646</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>217.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref217">Donnelly
|
||
M, Zametkin
|
||
AJ, Rapoport
|
||
JL, Ismond
|
||
DR, Weingartner
|
||
H, Lane
|
||
E
|
||
et al. Treatment of childhood hyperactivity with desipramine: plasma drug concentration, cardiovascular effects, plasma and urinary catecholamine levels, and clinical response. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1986; 39(1):72–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3510796" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3510796</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>218.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref218">Dopfner
|
||
M, Breuer
|
||
D, Walter
|
||
D, Rothenberger
|
||
A. An observational study of once-daily modified-release methylphenidate in ADHD: the effect of previous treatment on ADHD symptoms, other externalising symptoms and quality-of-life outcomes. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011; 20 (Suppl 2):S277–88 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3098980/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3098980</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21901414" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21901414</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>219.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref219">Dopfner
|
||
M, Gortz-Dorten
|
||
A, Breuer
|
||
D, Rothenberger
|
||
A. An observational study of once-daily modified-release methylphenidate in ADHD: effectiveness on symptoms and impairment, and safety. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011; 20 (Suppl 2):S243–55 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3180616/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3180616</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21901417" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21901417</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>220.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref220">Dopfner
|
||
M, Ose
|
||
C, Fischer
|
||
R, Ammer
|
||
R, Scherag
|
||
A. Comparison of the efficacy of two different modified release methylphenidate preparations for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a natural setting: comparison of the efficacy of Medikinet((R)) retard and Concerta((R))--a randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter clinical crossover trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2011; 21(5):445–54 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3205792/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3205792</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21790298" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21790298</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>221.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref221">Dupaul
|
||
GJ, Weyandt
|
||
LL, Rossi
|
||
JS, Vilardo
|
||
BA, O’Dell
|
||
SM, Carson
|
||
KM
|
||
et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in college students with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2012; 16(3):202–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22166471" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22166471</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>222.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref222">Durell
|
||
TM, Adler
|
||
LA, Williams
|
||
DW, Deldar
|
||
A, McGough
|
||
JJ, Glaser
|
||
PE
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults with assessment of functional outcomes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2013; 33(1):45–54 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277268" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23277268</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>223.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref223">Durell
|
||
TM, Adler
|
||
LA, Williams
|
||
DW, Deldar
|
||
A, McGough
|
||
JJ, Glaser
|
||
PE
|
||
et al. “Atomoxetine treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults with assessment of functional outcomes. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial”: Erratum. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2014; 34(4):542 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277268" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23277268</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>224.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref224">Durrell
|
||
TM, Adler
|
||
LA, Williams
|
||
DW. Erratum: Atomoxetine treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults with assessment of functional outcomes. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2014; 34(4):542–543 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277268" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23277268</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>225.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref225">Epstein
|
||
JN, Brinkman
|
||
WB, Froehlich
|
||
T, Langberg
|
||
JM, Narad
|
||
ME, Antonini
|
||
TN
|
||
et al. Effects of stimulant medication, incentives, and event rate on reaction time variability in children with ADHD. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011; 36(5):1060–1072 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3059336/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3059336</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21248722" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21248722</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>226.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref226">Ercan
|
||
ES, Akyol Ardic
|
||
U, Kabukcu Basay
|
||
B, Ercan
|
||
E, Basay
|
||
O. Atomoxetine response in the inattentive and combined subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a retrospective chart review. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2013; 5(4):377–85 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23737214" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23737214</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>227.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref227">Erdogan
|
||
A, Yurteri
|
||
N. Aripiprazole treatment in the adolescent patients with inhalants use disorders and conduct disorder: A retrospective case analysis. Yeni Symposium. 2010; 48(3):229–233</div></dd><dt>228.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref228">Fabiano
|
||
GA, Pelham
|
||
WE, Jr., Gnagy
|
||
EM, Burrows-MacLean
|
||
L, Coles
|
||
EK, Chacko
|
||
A
|
||
et al. The single and combined effects of multiple intensities of behavior modification and methylphenidate for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a classroom setting. School Psychology Review. 2007; 36(2):195–216</div></dd><dt>229.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref229">Fabiano
|
||
GA, Vujnovic
|
||
RK, Pelham
|
||
WE, Waschbusch
|
||
DA, Massetti
|
||
GM, Pariseau
|
||
ME
|
||
et al. Enhancing the effectiveness of special education programming for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using a daily report card. School Psychology Review. 2010; 39(2):219–239</div></dd><dt>230.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref230">Farah
|
||
MJ, Haimm
|
||
C, Sankoorikal
|
||
G, Smith
|
||
ME, Chatterjee
|
||
A. When we enhance cognition with Adderall, do we sacrifice creativity? A preliminary study. Psychopharmacology. 2009; 202(1–3):541–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19011838" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19011838</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>231.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref231">Farah
|
||
MJ, Haimm
|
||
C, Sankoorikal
|
||
G, Smith
|
||
ME, Chatterjee
|
||
A. “When we enhance cognition with Adderall, do we sacrifice creativity? A preliminary study”: Erratum. Psychopharmacology. 2009; 203(3):651 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19011838" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19011838</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>232.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref232">Faraone
|
||
SV. Using meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in youths. P and T. 2009; 34(12):678–683+694 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2810184/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2810184</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20140141" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20140141</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>233.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref233">Faraone
|
||
SV, Glatt
|
||
SJ. A comparison of the efficacy of medications for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using meta-analysis of effect sizes. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010; 71(6):754–763 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20051220" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20051220</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>234.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref234">Faraone
|
||
SV, Glatt
|
||
SJ, Bukstein
|
||
OG, Lopez
|
||
FA, Arnold
|
||
LE, Findling
|
||
RL. Effects of once-daily oral and transdermal methylphenidate on sleep behavior of children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2009; 12(4):308–315 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18400982" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18400982</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>235.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref235">Faraone
|
||
SV, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Kollins
|
||
SH, Glatt
|
||
SJ, Goodman
|
||
D. Dose response effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate treatment in adults with ADHD: an exploratory study. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2012; 16(2):118–27 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3355536/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3355536</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21527575" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21527575</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>236.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref236">Faraone
|
||
SV, Wigal
|
||
SB, Hodgkins
|
||
P. Forecasting three-month outcomes in a laboratory school comparison of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (adderall XR) and atomoxetine (strattera) in school-aged children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2007; 11(1):74–82 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17606774" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17606774</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>237.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref237">Farmer
|
||
CA, Brown
|
||
NV, Gadow
|
||
KD, Arnold
|
||
LE, Kolko
|
||
DG, Findling
|
||
RL
|
||
et al. Comorbid symptomatology moderates response to risperidone, stimulant, and parent training in children with severe aggression, disruptive behavior disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2015; 25(3):213–24 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4403232/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4403232</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25885011" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25885011</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>238.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref238">Farmer
|
||
CA, Epstein
|
||
JN, Findling
|
||
RL, Gadow
|
||
KD, Arnold
|
||
LE, Kipp
|
||
H
|
||
et al. Risperidone Added to Psychostimulant in Children with Severe Aggression and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Lack of Effect on Attention and Short-Term Memory. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2016; 27:27 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5367910/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5367910</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27348211" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27348211</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>239.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref239">Fernandez-Jaen
|
||
A, Fernandez-Mayoralas
|
||
DM, Calleja-Perez
|
||
B, Munoz-Jareno
|
||
N, Campos Diaz Mdel
|
||
R, Lopez-Arribas
|
||
S. Efficacy of atomoxetine for the treatment of ADHD symptoms in patients with pervasive developmental disorders: a prospective, open-label study. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2013; 17(6):497–505 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22366240" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22366240</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>240.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref240">Findling
|
||
RL, Adeyi
|
||
B, Chen
|
||
G, Dirks
|
||
B, Babcock
|
||
T, Scheckner
|
||
B
|
||
et al. Clinical response and symptomatic remission in children treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CNS Spectrums. 2010; 15(9):559–568</div></dd><dt>241.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref241">Findling
|
||
RL, Bukstein
|
||
OG, Melmed
|
||
RD, López
|
||
FA, Sallee
|
||
FR, Arnold
|
||
LE
|
||
et al. “A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of methylphenidate transdermal system in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder”: Correction. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2008; 69(2):329 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18312050" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18312050</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>242.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref242">Findling
|
||
RL, Childress
|
||
AC, Cutler
|
||
AJ, Gasior
|
||
M, Hamdani
|
||
M, Ferreira-Cornwell
|
||
MC
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011; 50(4):395–405 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21421179" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21421179</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>243.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref243">Findling
|
||
RL, Childress
|
||
AC, Krishnan
|
||
S, McGough
|
||
JJ. Long-term effectiveness and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CNS Spectrums. 2008; 13(7):614–620 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18622366" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18622366</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>244.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref244">Findling
|
||
RL, Cutler
|
||
AJ, Saylor
|
||
K, Gasior
|
||
M, Hamdani
|
||
M, Ferreira-Cornwell
|
||
MC
|
||
et al. A long-term open-label safety and effectiveness trial of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(1):11–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23410138" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23410138</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>245.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref245">Findling
|
||
RL, Katic
|
||
A, Rubin
|
||
R, Moon
|
||
E, Civil
|
||
R, Li
|
||
Y. A 6-month, open-label, extension study of the tolerability and effectiveness of the methylphenidate transdermal system in adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2010; 20(5):365–375 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20973707" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20973707</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>246.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref246">Findling
|
||
RL, McBurnett
|
||
K, White
|
||
C, Youcha
|
||
S. Guanfacine extended release adjunctive to a psychostimulant in the treatment of comorbid oppositional symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2014; 24(5):245–52 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4064735/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4064735</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24945085" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24945085</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>247.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref247">Findling
|
||
RL, Quinn
|
||
D, Hatch
|
||
SJ, Cameron
|
||
SJ, DeCory
|
||
HH, McDowell
|
||
M. Comparison of the clinical efficacy of twice-daily Ritalin and once-daily Equasym XL with placebo in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006; 15(8):450–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16791541" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16791541</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>248.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref248">Findling
|
||
RL, Short
|
||
EJ, McNamara
|
||
NK, Demeter
|
||
CA, Stansbrey
|
||
RJ, Gracious
|
||
BL
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate in the treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007; 46(11):1445–1453 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18049294" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18049294</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>249.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref249">Findling
|
||
RL, Turnbow
|
||
J, Burnside
|
||
J, Melmed
|
||
R, Civil
|
||
R, Li
|
||
Y. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, dose-optimization study of the methylphenidate transdermal system for the treatment of ADHD in adolescents. CNS Spectrums. 2010; 15(7):419–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20625364" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20625364</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>250.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref250">Findling
|
||
RL, Wigal
|
||
SB, Bukstein
|
||
OG, Boellner
|
||
SW, Abikoff
|
||
HB, Turnbow
|
||
JM
|
||
et al. Long-term tolerability of the methylphenidate transdermal system in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a multicenter, prospective, 12-month, open-label, uncontrolled, phase III extension of four clinical trials. Clinical Therapeutics. 2009; 31(8):1844–55 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19808143" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19808143</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>251.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref251">Fitzpatrick
|
||
P. Effects of sustained-release and standard preparations of methylphenidate on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: clinical outcome, performance, and cognitive event-related potentials
|
||
New York, USA. University of Rochester. 1990.</div></dd><dt>252.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref252">Flapper
|
||
BC, Schoemaker
|
||
MM. Effects of methylphenidate on quality of life in children with both developmental coordination disorder and ADHD. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2008; 50(4):294–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18352997" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18352997</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>253.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref253">Focalin XR for ADHD. Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. 2009; 51(1308):22–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19305368" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19305368</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>254.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref254">Fortier
|
||
ME, Sengupta
|
||
SM, Grizenko
|
||
N, Choudhry
|
||
Z, Thakur
|
||
G, Joober
|
||
R. Genetic evidence for the association of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with ADHD and methylphenidate treatment response. Neuromolecular Medicine. 2013; 15(1):122–32 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23055001" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23055001</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>255.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref255">Fosi
|
||
T, Lax-Pericall
|
||
MT, Scott
|
||
RC, Neville
|
||
BG, Aylett
|
||
SE. Methylphenidate treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in young people with learning disability and difficult-to-treat epilepsy: evidence of clinical benefit. Epilepsia. 2013; 54(12):2071–81 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4209117/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4209117</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24304474" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24304474</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>256.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref256">Foster
|
||
EM, Jensen
|
||
PS, Schlander
|
||
M, Pelham, Jr., Hechtman
|
||
L, Arnold
|
||
LE
|
||
et al. Treatment for ADHD: Is more complex treatment cost-effective for more complex cases?
|
||
Health Services Research. 2007; 42(1 I):165–182 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1955245/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1955245</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17355587" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17355587</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>257.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref257">Fox
|
||
O, Adi-Japha
|
||
E, Karni
|
||
A. The effect of a skipped dose (placebo) of methylphenidate on the learning and retention of a motor skill in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014; 24(3):391–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24332892" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24332892</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>258.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref258">Fredriksen
|
||
M, Dahl
|
||
AA, Martinsen
|
||
EW, Klungsoyr
|
||
O, Haavik
|
||
J, Peleikis
|
||
DE. Effectiveness of one-year pharmacological treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an open-label prospective study of time in treatment, dose, side-effects and comorbidity. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014; 24(12):1873–84 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25453480" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25453480</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>259.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref259">Froehlich
|
||
TE, Antonini
|
||
TN, Brinkman
|
||
WB, Langberg
|
||
JM, Simon
|
||
JO, Adams
|
||
R
|
||
et al. Mediators of methylphenidate effects on math performance in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 2014; 35(2):100–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3928797/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3928797</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24509055" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24509055</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>260.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref260">Froehlich
|
||
TE, Epstein
|
||
JN, Nick
|
||
TG, Melguizo Castro
|
||
MS, Stein
|
||
MA, Brinkman
|
||
WB
|
||
et al. Pharmacogenetic predictors of methylphenidate dose-response in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011; 50(11):1129–1139.e2 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3225067/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3225067</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22024001" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22024001</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>261.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref261">Fuentes
|
||
J, Danckaerts
|
||
M, Cardo
|
||
E, Puvanendran
|
||
K, Berquin
|
||
P, De Bruyckere
|
||
K
|
||
et al. Long-term quality-of-life and functioning comparison of atomoxetine versus other standard treatment in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2013; 33(6):766–74 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23963057" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23963057</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>262.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref262">Fung
|
||
LK, Mahajan
|
||
R, Nozzolillo
|
||
A, Bernal
|
||
P, Krasner
|
||
A, Jo
|
||
B
|
||
et al. Pharmacologic treatment of severe irritability and problem behaviors in Autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2016; 137:(Suppl 2):S124–S135 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26908468" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26908468</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>263.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref263">Gadow
|
||
KD, Brown
|
||
NV, Arnold
|
||
LE, Buchan-Page
|
||
KA, Bukstein
|
||
OG, Butter
|
||
E
|
||
et al. Severely Aggressive Children Receiving Stimulant Medication Versus Stimulant and Risperidone: 12-Month Follow-Up of the TOSCA Trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016; 55(6):469–78 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4886346/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4886346</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27238065" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27238065</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>264.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref264">Gadow
|
||
KD, Nolan
|
||
EE. Methylphenidate and comorbid anxiety disorder in children with both chronic multiple tic disorder and ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2011; 15(3):246–56 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20378921" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20378921</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>265.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref265">Gadow
|
||
KD, Nolan
|
||
EE, Sverd
|
||
J, Sprafkin
|
||
J, Schneider
|
||
J. Methylphenidate in children with oppositional defiant disorder and both comorbid chronic multiple tic disorder and ADHD. Journal of Child Neurology. 2008; 23(9):981–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18474932" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18474932</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>266.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref266">Gadow
|
||
KD, Sverd
|
||
J, Nolan
|
||
EE, Sprafkin
|
||
J, Schneider
|
||
J. Immediate-release methylphenidate for ADHD in children with comorbid chronic multiple tic disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007; 46(7):840–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17581448" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17581448</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>267.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref267">Gadow
|
||
KD, Sverd
|
||
J, Sprafkin
|
||
J, Nolan
|
||
EE, Ezor
|
||
SN. Efficacy of methylphenidate for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with tic disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1995; 52(6):444–55 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7771914" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7771914</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>268.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref268">Gallucci
|
||
G, Duncan
|
||
C, Hackerman
|
||
F. Combination use of atomoxetine and risperidone for hyperactivity and impulsivity in autistic disorder. Mental Health Aspects of Developmental Disabilities. 2006; 9(1):23–25</div></dd><dt>269.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref269">Garbe
|
||
E, Mikolajczyk
|
||
RT, Banaschewski
|
||
T, Petermann
|
||
U, Petermann
|
||
F, Kraut
|
||
AA
|
||
et al. Drug treatment patterns of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents in Germany: results from a large population-based cohort study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2012; 22(6):452–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3523251/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3523251</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23234588" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23234588</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>270.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref270">Garfinkel
|
||
BD, Wender
|
||
PH, Sloman
|
||
L, O’Neill
|
||
I. Tricyclic antidepressant and methylphenidate treatment of attention deficit disorder in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry. 1983; 22(4):343–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6875128" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6875128</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>271.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref271">Garg
|
||
J, Arun
|
||
P. A follow-up study of academic functioning and social adjustment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2013; 35(1):47–52 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3701360/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3701360</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23833342" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23833342</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>272.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref272">Garg
|
||
J, Arun
|
||
P, Chavan
|
||
BS. Comparative short term efficacy and tolerability of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Indian Pediatrics. 2014; 51(7):550–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25031133" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25031133</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>273.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref273">Garg
|
||
J, Arun
|
||
P, Chavan
|
||
BS. Comparative efficacy of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in oppositional defiant disorder comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research. 2015; 5(2):114–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4456885/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4456885</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26097819" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26097819</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>274.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref274">Gau
|
||
SS, Huang
|
||
YS, Soong
|
||
WT, Chou
|
||
MC, Chou
|
||
WJ, Shang
|
||
CY
|
||
et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on once-daily atomoxetine in Taiwanese children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2007; 17(4):447–460 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17822340" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17822340</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>275.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref275">Gau
|
||
SS, Shang
|
||
CY. Improvement of executive functions in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an open-label follow-up study with once-daily atomoxetine. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010; 13(2):243–56 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19849892" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19849892</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>276.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref276">Gawrilow
|
||
C, Stadler
|
||
G, Langguth
|
||
N, Naumann
|
||
A, Boeck
|
||
A. Physical activity, affect, and cognition in children with symptoms of ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2016; 20(2):151–62 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23893534" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23893534</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>277.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref277">Gehricke
|
||
JG, Hong
|
||
N, Whalen
|
||
CK, Steinhoff
|
||
K, Wigal
|
||
TL. Effects of transdermal nicotine on symptoms, moods, and cardiovascular activity in the everyday lives of smokers and nonsmokers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2009; 23(4):644–55 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20025370" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20025370</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>278.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref278">Gehricke
|
||
JG, Hong
|
||
N, Wigal
|
||
TL, Chan
|
||
V, Doan
|
||
A. ADHD medication reduces cotinine levels and withdrawal in smokers with ADHD. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. 2011; 98(3):485–91 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3065552/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3065552</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21356232" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21356232</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>279.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref279">Geller
|
||
D, Donnelly
|
||
C, Lopez
|
||
F, Rubin
|
||
R, Newcorn
|
||
J, Sutton
|
||
V
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine treatment for pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid anxiety disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007; 46(9):1119–1127 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17712235" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17712235</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>280.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref280">Germinario
|
||
EA, Arcieri
|
||
R, Bonati
|
||
M, Zuddas
|
||
A, Masi
|
||
G, Vella
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs and growth: an Italian prospective observational study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(7):440–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3778954/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3778954</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24024538" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24024538</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>281.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref281">Ghanizadeh
|
||
A, Haghighat
|
||
R. Nortriptyline for treating enuresis in ADHD--a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. Pediatric Nephrology. 2012; 27(11):2091–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22700161" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22700161</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>282.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref282">Ghanizadeh
|
||
A, Sayyari
|
||
Z, Mohammadi
|
||
MR. Effect of methylphenidate and folic acid on ADHD symptoms and quality of life and aggression: a randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry. 2013; 8(3):108–12 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3887226/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3887226</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24454418" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24454418</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>283.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref283">Ghuman
|
||
JK, Aman
|
||
MG, Lecavalier
|
||
L, Riddle
|
||
MA, Gelenberg
|
||
A, Wright
|
||
R
|
||
et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study of methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschoolers with developmental disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(4):329–39 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2861958/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2861958</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19702485" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19702485</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>284.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref284">Ghuman
|
||
JK, Riddle
|
||
MA, Vitiello
|
||
B, Greenhill
|
||
LL, Chuang
|
||
SZ, Wigal
|
||
SB
|
||
et al. Comorbidity moderates response to methylphenidate in the Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS). Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2007; 17(5):563–80 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17979578" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17979578</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>285.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref285">Giblin
|
||
JM, Strobel
|
||
AL. Effect of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on sleep in children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2011; 15(6):491–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20574056" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20574056</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>286.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref286">Ginsberg
|
||
L, Katic
|
||
A, Adeyi
|
||
B, Dirks
|
||
B, Babcock
|
||
T, Lasser
|
||
R
|
||
et al. Long-term treatment outcomes with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder stratified by baseline severity. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2011; 27(6):1097–107 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21438796" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21438796</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>287.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref287">Ginsberg
|
||
Y, Arngrim
|
||
T, Philipsen
|
||
A, Gandhi
|
||
P, Chen
|
||
CW, Kumar
|
||
V
|
||
et al. Long-term (1 year) safety and efficacy of methylphenidate modified-release long-acting formulation (MPH-LA) in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a 26-week, flexible-dose, open-label extension to a 40-week, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled core study. CNS Drugs. 2014; 28(10):951–62 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4676085/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4676085</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183661" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25183661</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>288.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref288">Ginsberg
|
||
Y, Hirvikoski
|
||
T, Grann
|
||
M, Lindefors
|
||
N. Long-term functional outcome in adult prison inmates with ADHD receiving OROS-methylphenidate. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2012; 262(8):705–24 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3491195/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3491195</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22526730" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22526730</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>289.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref289">Gittelman-Klein
|
||
R, Klein
|
||
DF, Katz
|
||
S, Saraf
|
||
K, Pollack
|
||
E. Comparative effects of methylphenidate and thioridazine in hyperkinetic children. I. Clinical results. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1976; 33(10):1217–31 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/971031" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 971031</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>290.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref290">Goez
|
||
HR, Scott
|
||
O, Nevo
|
||
N, Bennett-Back
|
||
O, Zelnik
|
||
N. Using the test of variables of attention to determine the effectiveness of modafinil in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a prospective methylphenidate-controlled trial. Journal of Child Neurology. 2012; 27(12):1547–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22447850" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22447850</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>291.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref291">Gonzalez-Carpio Hernandez
|
||
G, Serrano Selva
|
||
JP. Medication and creativity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Psicothema. 2016; 28(1):20–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26820419" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26820419</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>292.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref292">Gonzalez-Heydrich
|
||
J, Whitney
|
||
J, Waber
|
||
D, Forbes
|
||
P, Hsin
|
||
O, Faraone
|
||
SV
|
||
et al. Adaptive phase I study of OROS methylphenidate treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior. 2010; 18(3):229–237 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2902631/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2902631</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20493783" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20493783</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>293.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref293">Goodman
|
||
DW, Starr
|
||
HL, Ma
|
||
YW, Rostain
|
||
AL, Ascher
|
||
S, Armstrong
|
||
RB. Randomized, 6-week, placebo-controlled study of treatment for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: individualized dosing of osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate with a goal of symptom remission. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2017; 78(1):105–114 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27487193" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27487193</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>294.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref294">Goto
|
||
T, Hirata
|
||
Y, Takita
|
||
Y, Trzepacz
|
||
PT, Allen
|
||
AJ, Song
|
||
DH
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine hydrochloride in Asian adults with ADHD: A multinational 10-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Asian study. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2013; 21(2):100–109 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24203774" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24203774</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>295.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref295">Grant
|
||
M, Cohen-Pfeffer
|
||
JL, McCandless
|
||
S, Stahl
|
||
SM, Da
|
||
BI, Jurecki
|
||
ER. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of sapropterin to treat symptoms of ADHD and executive dysfunction in children and adolescents with phenylketonuria
|
||
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 2015; 114(3):367–368 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25533024" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25533024</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>296.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref296">Green
|
||
T, Weinberger
|
||
R, Diamond
|
||
A, Berant
|
||
M, Hirschfeld
|
||
L, Frisch
|
||
A
|
||
et al. The effect of methylphenidate on prefrontal cognitive functioning, inattention, and hyperactivity in velocardiofacial syndrome. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2011; 21(6):589–95 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22149470" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22149470</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>297.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref297">Greenhill
|
||
L, Kollins
|
||
S, Abikoff
|
||
H, McCracken
|
||
J, Riddle
|
||
M, Swanson
|
||
J
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of immediate-release methylphenidate treatment for preschoolers with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006; 45(11):1284–93 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17023867" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17023867</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>298.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref298">Greenhill
|
||
LL, Biederman
|
||
J, Boellner
|
||
SW, Rugino
|
||
TA, Sangal
|
||
RB, Earl
|
||
CQ
|
||
et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006; 45(5):503–11 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16601402" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16601402</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>299.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref299">Greenhill
|
||
LL, Findling
|
||
RL, Swanson
|
||
JM. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of modified-release methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2002; 109(3):E39 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11875167" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11875167</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>300.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref300">Greenhill
|
||
LL, Muniz
|
||
R, Ball
|
||
RR, Levine
|
||
A, Pestreich
|
||
L, Jiang
|
||
H. Efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006; 45(7):817–23 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16832318" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16832318</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>301.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref301">Greenhill
|
||
LL, Swanson
|
||
JM, Steinhoff
|
||
K, Fried
|
||
J, Posner
|
||
K, Lerner
|
||
M
|
||
et al. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study comparing a single morning dose of adderall to twice-daily dosing in children with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2003; 42(10):1234–41 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14560174" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14560174</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>302.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref302">Grizenko
|
||
N, Cai
|
||
E, Jolicoeur
|
||
C, Ter-Stepanian
|
||
M, Joober
|
||
R. Effects of methylphenidate on acute math performance in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2013; 58(11):632–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24246434" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24246434</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>303.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref303">Grizenko
|
||
N, Paci
|
||
M, Joober
|
||
R. Is the inattentive subtype of ADHD different from the combined/hyperactive subtype?
|
||
Journal of Attention Disorders. 2010; 13(6):649–57 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19767592" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19767592</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>304.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref304">Grizenko
|
||
N, Qi Zhang
|
||
DD, Polotskaia
|
||
A, Joober
|
||
R. Efficacy of methylphenidate in ADHD children across the normal and the gifted intellectual spectrum. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2012; 21(4):282–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3490529/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3490529</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23133462" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23133462</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>305.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref305">Groenman
|
||
AP, Oosterlaan
|
||
J, Rommelse
|
||
NN, Franke
|
||
B, Greven
|
||
CU, Hoekstra
|
||
PJ
|
||
et al. Stimulant treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and risk of developing substance use disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2013; 203(2):112–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23846996" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23846996</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>306.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref306">Groom
|
||
MJ, Liddle
|
||
EB, Scerif
|
||
G, Liddle
|
||
PF, Batty
|
||
MJ, Liotti
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 2013; 54(8):836–45 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3807603/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3807603</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23662815" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23662815</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>307.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref307">Guardiola
|
||
A, Terra
|
||
AR, Ferreira
|
||
LT, Londero
|
||
RG. [Use of amitriptyline in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 1999; 57(3a):599–605 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10667283" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10667283</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>308.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref308">Gunther
|
||
T, Herpertz-Dahlmann
|
||
B, Konrad
|
||
K. Sex differences in attentional performance and their modulation by methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2010; 20(3):179–86 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20578930" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20578930</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>309.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref309">Guo
|
||
Y, Fijal
|
||
B, Marshall
|
||
S, Li
|
||
G, Ahl
|
||
J, Nisenbaum
|
||
L
|
||
et al. Comparison of efficacy and safety between intermediate and extensive/ultra-rapid metabolizers of atomoxetine in adult patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder participating in a large placebo-controlled maintenance of response clinical trial. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2013; 93:(Suppl 1):S29 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25919121" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25919121</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>310.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref310">Gustafsson
|
||
PA, Birberg-Thornberg
|
||
U, Duchen
|
||
K, Landgren
|
||
M, Malmberg
|
||
K, Pelling
|
||
H
|
||
et al. EPA supplementation improves teacher-rated behaviour and oppositional symptoms in children with ADHD. Acta Paediatrica. 2010; 99(10):1540–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20491709" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20491709</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>311.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref311">Haas
|
||
M, Karcher
|
||
K, Pandina
|
||
GJ. Treating disruptive behavior disorders with risperidone: a 1-year, open-label safety study in children and adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2008; 18(4):337–45 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18759643" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18759643</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>312.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref312">Haghighat
|
||
R, Ghanizadeh
|
||
A. The effect of nortriptiline on nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials
|
||
2014. Available from: <a href="http://www.irct.ir/searchresult.php?keyword=&id=3930&number=16&prt=2651&total=10&m=1" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.irct.ir/searchresult<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.php?keyword<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>=&id=3930&number<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>=16&prt<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>=2651&total<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>=10&m=1</a> Last accessed: 20/06/17.</div></dd><dt>313.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref313">Hammerness
|
||
P, Joshi
|
||
G, Doyle
|
||
R, Georgiopoulos
|
||
A, Geller
|
||
D, Spencer
|
||
T
|
||
et al. Do stimulants reduce the risk for cigarette smoking in youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder? A prospective, long-term, open-label study of extended-release methylphenidate. Journal of Pediatrics. 2013; 162(1):22–7.e2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22878114" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22878114</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>314.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref314">Hammerness
|
||
P, McCarthy
|
||
K, Mancuso
|
||
E, Gendron
|
||
C, Geller
|
||
D. Atomoxetine for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2009; 5(1):215–226 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2695220/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2695220</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19557116" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19557116</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>315.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref315">Hammerness
|
||
P, Wilens
|
||
T, Mick
|
||
E, Spencer
|
||
T, Doyle
|
||
R, McCreary
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Cardiovascular effects of longer-term, high-dose OROS methylphenidate in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pediatrics. 2009; 155(1):84–9, 89.e1 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19394037" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19394037</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>316.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref316">Handen
|
||
BL, Johnson
|
||
CR, Lubetsky
|
||
M. Efficacy of methylphenidate among children with autism and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2000; 30(3):245–55 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11055460" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11055460</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>317.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref317">Handen
|
||
BL, Sahl
|
||
R, Hardan
|
||
AY. Guanfacine in children with autism and/or intellectual disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 2008; 29(4):303–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18552703" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18552703</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>318.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref318">Handen
|
||
BL, Taylor
|
||
J, Tumuluru
|
||
R. Psychopharmacological treatment of ADHD symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 2011; 23(3):167–73 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22191179" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22191179</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>319.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref319">Hansen
|
||
MV, Darling
|
||
L, Holst
|
||
H. Safety and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine: a retrospective cohort study. CNS Drugs. 2015; 29(5):415–23 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25920467" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25920467</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>320.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref320">Hardan
|
||
AY, Jou
|
||
RJ, Handen
|
||
BL. Retrospective study of quetiapine in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2005; 35(3):387–91 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16119479" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16119479</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>321.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref321">Harfterkamp
|
||
M, Buitelaar
|
||
JK, Minderaa
|
||
RB, van de Loo-Neus
|
||
G, van der Gaag
|
||
RJ, Hoekstra
|
||
PJ. Long-term treatment with atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: an open-label extension study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(3):194–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23578015" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23578015</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>322.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref322">Harfterkamp
|
||
M, Buitelaar
|
||
JK, Minderaa
|
||
RB, van de Loo-Neus
|
||
G, van der Gaag
|
||
RJ, Hoekstra
|
||
PJ. Atomoxetine in autism spectrum disorder: no effects on social functioning; some beneficial effects on stereotyped behaviors, inappropriate speech, and fear of change. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2014; 24(9):481–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25369243" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25369243</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>323.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref323">Harfterkamp
|
||
M, van de Loo-Neus
|
||
G, Minderaa
|
||
RB, van der Gaag
|
||
R-J, Escobar
|
||
R, Schacht
|
||
A
|
||
et al. A randomized double-blind study of atomoxetine versus placebo for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2012; 51(7):733–741 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22721596" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22721596</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>324.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref324">Harfterkamp
|
||
M, van der Meer
|
||
D, van der Loo-Neus
|
||
G, Buitelaar
|
||
JK, Minderaa
|
||
RB, Hoekstra
|
||
PJ. No evidence for predictors of response to atomoxetine treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2015; 25(4):372–375 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25919900" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25919900</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>325.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref325">Hazell
|
||
P, Becker
|
||
K, Nikkanen
|
||
EA, Trzepacz
|
||
PT, Tanaka
|
||
Y, Tabas
|
||
L
|
||
et al. Relationship between atomoxetine plasma concentration, treatment response and tolerability in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2009; 1(2):201–10 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2837233/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2837233</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20234828" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20234828</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>326.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref326">Hazell
|
||
P, Zhang
|
||
S, Wolanczyk
|
||
T, Barton
|
||
J, Johnson
|
||
M, Zuddas
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and the risk of relapse during 9 months of atomoxetine treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006; 15(2):105–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16523251" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16523251</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>327.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref327">Hazell
|
||
PL, Stuart
|
||
JE. A randomized controlled trial of clonidine added to psychostimulant medication for hyperactive and aggressive children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2003; 42(8):886–94 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12874489" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12874489</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>328.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref328">Heffner
|
||
JL, Lewis
|
||
DF, Winhusen
|
||
TM. Osmotic release oral system methylphenidate prevents weight gain during a smoking-cessation attempt in adults with ADHD. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2013; 15(2):583–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3545716/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3545716</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22955246" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22955246</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>329.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref329">Hellwig-Brida
|
||
S, Daseking
|
||
M, Keller
|
||
F, Petermann
|
||
F, Goldbeck
|
||
L. Effects of methylphenidate on intelligence and attention components in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2011; 21(3):245–53 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21663427" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21663427</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>330.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref330">Helseth
|
||
SA, Waschbusch
|
||
DA, Gnagy
|
||
EM, Onyango
|
||
AN, Burrows-MacLean
|
||
L, Fabiano
|
||
GA
|
||
et al. Effects of behavioral and pharmacological therapies on peer reinforcement of deviancy in children with ADHD-only, ADHD and conduct problems, and controls. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015; 83(2):280–92 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4380669/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4380669</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25495357" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25495357</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>331.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref331">Heriot
|
||
SA, Evans
|
||
IM, Foster
|
||
TM. Critical influences affecting response to various treatments in young children with ADHD: A case series. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2008; 34(1):121–133 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18171453" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18171453</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>332.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref332">Herring
|
||
WJ, Wilens
|
||
TE, Adler
|
||
LA, Baranak
|
||
C, Liu
|
||
K, Snavely
|
||
DB
|
||
et al. Randomized controlled study of the histamine H3 inverse agonist MK-0249 in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2012; 73(7):e891–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22901359" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22901359</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>333.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref333">Hervas
|
||
A, Huss
|
||
M, Johnson
|
||
M, McNicholas
|
||
F, van Stralen
|
||
J, Sreckovic
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, controlled, phase III trial. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014; 24(12):1861–72 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25453486" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25453486</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>334.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref334">Hester
|
||
R, Lee
|
||
N, Pennay
|
||
A, Nielsen
|
||
S, Ferris
|
||
J. The effects of modafinil treatment on neuropsychological and attentional bias performance during 7-day inpatient withdrawal from methamphetamine dependence. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2010; 18(6):489–97 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21186923" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21186923</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>335.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref335">Hilton
|
||
RC, Rengasamy
|
||
M, Mansoor
|
||
B, He
|
||
J, Mayes
|
||
T, Emslie
|
||
GJ
|
||
et al. Impact of treatments for depression on comorbid anxiety, attentional, and behavioral symptoms in adolescents with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2013; 52(5):482–92 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3756470/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3756470</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23622849" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23622849</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>336.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref336">Hirata
|
||
Y, Goto
|
||
T, Takita
|
||
Y, Trzepacz
|
||
PT, Allen
|
||
AJ, Ichikawa
|
||
H
|
||
et al. Long-term safety and tolerability of atomoxetine in Japanese adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry. 2014; 6(3):292–301 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24376099" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24376099</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>337.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref337">Hoebert
|
||
M, van der Heijden
|
||
KB, van Geijlswijk
|
||
IM, Smits
|
||
MG. Long-term follow-up of melatonin treatment in children with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia. Journal of Pineal Research. 2009; 47(1):1–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19486273" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19486273</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>338.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref338">Holden
|
||
SE, Jenkins-Jones
|
||
S, Poole
|
||
CD, Morgan
|
||
CL, Coghill
|
||
D, Currie
|
||
CJ. The prevalence and incidence, resource use and financial costs of treating people with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the United Kingdom (1998 to 2010). Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Mental Health. 2013; 7(1):34 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3856565/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3856565</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24119376" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24119376</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>339.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref339">Hong
|
||
J, Dilla
|
||
T, Arellano
|
||
J. A modelled economic evaluation comparing atomoxetine with methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Spain. BMC Psychiatry. 2009; 9:15 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2674033/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2674033</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19366449" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19366449</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>340.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref340">Hong
|
||
J, Novick
|
||
D, Treuer
|
||
T, Montgomery
|
||
W, Haynes
|
||
VS, Wu
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Patient characteristics associated with treatment initiation among paediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in a naturalistic setting in Central Europe and East Asia. BMC Psychiatry. 2014; 14:304 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4219015/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4219015</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25358916" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25358916</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>341.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref341">Hong
|
||
SB, Lee
|
||
JH, Kim
|
||
JW, Chun
|
||
DH, Shin
|
||
MS, Yoo
|
||
HJ
|
||
et al. The impact of depressive symptoms in adults with ADHD symptoms on family function and ADHD symptoms of their children. Psychiatry Investigation. 2014; 11(2):124–30 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4023085/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4023085</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24843366" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24843366</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>342.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref342">Hosenbocus
|
||
S, Chahal
|
||
R. A review of long-acting medications for ADHD in Canada. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2009; 18(4):331–339 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2765387/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2765387</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19881943" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19881943</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>343.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref343">Howard
|
||
AL, Molina
|
||
BS, Swanson
|
||
JM, Hinshaw
|
||
SP, Belendiuk
|
||
KA, Harty
|
||
SC
|
||
et al. Developmental progression to early adult binge drinking and marijuana use from worsening versus stable trajectories of adolescent attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and delinquency. Addiction. 2015; 110(5):784–95 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4398637/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4398637</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25664657" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25664657</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>344.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref344">Huizink
|
||
AC, van Lier
|
||
PA, Crijnen
|
||
AA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms mediate early-onset smoking. European Addiction Research. 2009; 15(1):1–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19052457" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19052457</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>345.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref345">Hurt
|
||
RD, Ebbert
|
||
JO, Croghan
|
||
IT, Schroeder
|
||
DR, Sood
|
||
A, Hays
|
||
JT. Methylphenidate for treating tobacco dependence in non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder smokers: a pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine. 2011; 10:1 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3038986/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3038986</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21276244" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21276244</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>346.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref346">Hurwitz
|
||
R, Blackmore
|
||
R, Hazell
|
||
P, Williams
|
||
K, Woolfenden
|
||
S. Tricyclic antidepressants for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
||
2012, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD008372. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008372.pub2. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22419332" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22419332</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008372.pub2" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd><dt>347.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref347">Huss
|
||
M, Ginsberg
|
||
Y, Arngrim
|
||
T, Philipsen
|
||
A, Carter
|
||
K, Chen
|
||
CW
|
||
et al. Open-label dose optimization of methylphenidate modified release long acting (MPH-LA): a post hoc analysis of real-life titration from a 40-week randomized trial. Clinical Drug Investigation. 2014; 34(9):639–49 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4143596/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4143596</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25015027" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25015027</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>348.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref348">Huss
|
||
M, Ginsberg
|
||
Y, Tvedten
|
||
T, Arngrim
|
||
T, Philipsen
|
||
A, Carter
|
||
K
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate hydrochloride modified-release in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Advances in Therapy. 2014; 31(1):44–65 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3905180/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3905180</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24371021" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24371021</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>349.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref349">Huss
|
||
M, Hervas
|
||
A, Johnson
|
||
M, McNicholas
|
||
F, Stralen
|
||
J, Sreckovic
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo- and active-reference phase 3 study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2015; 49(1_suppl):111</div></dd><dt>350.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref350">Ialongo
|
||
NS, Lopez
|
||
M, Horn
|
||
WF, Pascoe
|
||
JM, Greenberg
|
||
G. Effects of psychostimulant medication on self-perceptions of competence, control, and mood in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 1994; 23(2):161–173</div></dd><dt>351.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref351">Inglis
|
||
SK, Carucci
|
||
S, Garas
|
||
P, Hage
|
||
A, Banaschewski
|
||
T, Buitelaar
|
||
JK
|
||
et al. Prospective observational study protocol to investigate long-term adverse effects of methylphenidate in children and adolescents with ADHD: the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Drugs Use Chronic Effects (ADDUCE) study. BMJ Open. 2016; 6(4):e010433 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4853973/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4853973</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27118284" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27118284</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>352.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref352">Ironside
|
||
S, Davidson
|
||
F, Corkum
|
||
P. Circadian motor activity affected by stimulant medication in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Sleep Research. 2010; 19(4):546–51 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20629940" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20629940</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>353.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref353">Ishii-Takahashi
|
||
A, Takizawa
|
||
R, Nishimura
|
||
Y, Kawakubo
|
||
Y, Hamada
|
||
K, Okuhata
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Neuroimaging-aided prediction of the effect of methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015; 40(12):2676–85 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4864654/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4864654</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25936640" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25936640</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>354.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref354">Jacobi-Polishook
|
||
T, Shorer
|
||
Z, Melzer
|
||
I. The effect of methylphenidate on postural stability under single and dual task conditions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - A double blind randomized control trial. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2009; 280(1–2):15–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19217632" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19217632</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>355.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref355">Jafarinia
|
||
M, Mohammadi
|
||
MR, Modabbernia
|
||
A, Ashrafi
|
||
M, Khajavi
|
||
D, Tabrizi
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Bupropion versus methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: randomized double-blind study. Human Psychopharmacology. 2012; 27(4):411–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22806822" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22806822</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>356.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref356">Jahromi
|
||
LB, Kasari
|
||
CL, McCracken
|
||
JT, Lee
|
||
LS, Aman
|
||
MG, McDougle
|
||
CJ
|
||
et al. Positive effects of methylphenidate on social communication and self-regulation in children with pervasive developmental disorders and hyperactivity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2009; 39(3):395–404 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4374624/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4374624</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18752063" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18752063</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>357.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref357">Jain
|
||
R, Babcock
|
||
T, Burtea
|
||
T, Dirks
|
||
B, Adeyi
|
||
B, Scheckner
|
||
B
|
||
et al. Efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder previously treated with methylphenidate: a post hoc analysis. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Mental Health. 2011; 5(1):35 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3225298/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3225298</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22054243" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22054243</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>358.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref358">Jain
|
||
R, Babcock
|
||
T, Burtea
|
||
T, Dirks
|
||
B, Adeyi
|
||
B, Scheckner
|
||
B
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and recent methylphenidate use. Advances in Therapy. 2013; 30(5):472–86 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3680667/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3680667</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23681505" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23681505</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>359.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref359">Jain
|
||
R, Segal
|
||
S, Kollins
|
||
SH, Khayrallah
|
||
M. Clonidine extended-release tablets for pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011; 50(2):171–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21241954" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21241954</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>360.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref360">Jain
|
||
U, Hechtman
|
||
L, Weiss
|
||
M, Ahmed
|
||
TS, Reiz
|
||
JL, Donnelly
|
||
GA
|
||
et al. Efficacy of a novel biphasic controlled-release methylphenidate formula in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007; 68(2):268–77 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17335326" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17335326</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>361.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref361">Jans
|
||
T, Graf
|
||
E, Jacob
|
||
C, Zwanzger
|
||
U, Gross-Lesch
|
||
S, Matthies
|
||
S
|
||
et al. A randomized controlled multicentre trial on the treatment for ADHD in mothers and children: enrolment and basic characteristics of the study sample. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2013; 5(1):29–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23070786" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23070786</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>362.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref362">Jaselskis
|
||
CA, Cook
|
||
EH, Jr., Fletcher
|
||
KE, Leventhal
|
||
BL. Clonidine treatment of hyperactive and impulsive children with autistic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1992; 12(5):322–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1479049" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1479049</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>363.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref363">Jasinski
|
||
DR, Faries
|
||
DE, Moore
|
||
RJ, Schuh
|
||
LM, Allen
|
||
AJ. Abuse liability assessment of atomoxetine in a drug-abusing population. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2008; 95(1–2):140–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18328639" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18328639</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>364.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref364">Jasinski
|
||
DR, Krishnan
|
||
S. Abuse liability and safety of oral lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in individuals with a history of stimulant abuse. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2009; 23(4):419–27 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19329547" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19329547</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>365.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref365">Jerrell
|
||
JM, McIntyre
|
||
RS. Metabolic, digestive, and reproductive adverse events associated with antimanic treatment in children and adolescents: A retrospective cohort study. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010; 12(4):e1–e8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2983461/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2983461</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21085553" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21085553</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>366.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref366">Jin
|
||
L, Xu
|
||
W, Krefetz
|
||
D, Gruener
|
||
D, Kielbasa
|
||
W, Tauscher-Wisniewski
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Clinical outcomes from an open-label study of edivoxetine use in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(3):200–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23607409" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23607409</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>367.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref367">Johnston
|
||
C, Weiss
|
||
MD, Murray
|
||
C, Miller
|
||
NV. The effects of instructions on mothers’ ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in referred children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2014; 42(3):479–88 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23963544" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23963544</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>368.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref368">Jordan
|
||
I, Robertson
|
||
D, Catani
|
||
M, Craig
|
||
M, Murphy
|
||
D. Aripiprazole in the treatment of challenging behaviour in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Psychopharmacology. 2012; 223(3):357–360 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22535309" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22535309</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>369.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref369">Joseph
|
||
A, Cloutier
|
||
M, Guerin
|
||
A, Nitulescu
|
||
R, Sikirica
|
||
V. Treatment outcomes after methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate or atomoxetine. Patient Preference & Adherence. 2016; 10:391–405 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4818045/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4818045</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27069357" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27069357</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>370.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref370">Jucaite
|
||
A, Ohd
|
||
J, Potter
|
||
AS, Jaeger
|
||
J, Karlsson
|
||
P, Hannesdottir
|
||
K
|
||
et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of alpha4beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist AZD1446 (TC-6683) in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology. 2014; 231(6):1251–65 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3838503/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3838503</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23640072" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23640072</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>371.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref371">Kahbazi
|
||
M, Ghoreishi
|
||
A, Rahiminejad
|
||
F, Mohammadi
|
||
MR, Kamalipour
|
||
A, Akhondzadeh
|
||
S. A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial of modafinil in children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Research. 2009; 168(3):234–237 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19439364" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19439364</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>372.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref372">Kamble
|
||
P, Chen
|
||
H, Johnson
|
||
ML, Bhatara
|
||
V, Aparasu
|
||
RR. Concurrent use of stimulants and second-generation antipsychotics among children with ADHD enrolled in Medicaid. Psychiatric Services. 2015; 66(4):404–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25828983" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25828983</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>373.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref373">Kandemir
|
||
H, Kılıç
|
||
BG, Ekinci
|
||
S, Yüce
|
||
M. An evaluation of the quality of life of children with ADHD and their families. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2014; 15(3):265–271</div></dd><dt>374.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref374">Kaplan
|
||
S, Heiligenstein
|
||
J, West
|
||
S, Busner
|
||
J, Harder
|
||
D, Dittmann
|
||
R
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2004; 8(2):45–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15801334" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15801334</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>375.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref375">Kay
|
||
GG, Michaels
|
||
MA, Pakull
|
||
B. Simulated driving changes in young adults with ADHD receiving mixed amphetamine salts extended release and atomoxetine. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2009; 12(4):316–29 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815438" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18815438</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>376.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref376">Keating
|
||
GM. Methylphenidate transdermal system: in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents. CNS Drugs. 2011; 25(4):333–42 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21425884" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21425884</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>377.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref377">Kelsey
|
||
DK, Sumner
|
||
CR, Casat
|
||
CD, Coury
|
||
DL, Quintana
|
||
H, Saylor
|
||
KE
|
||
et al. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, including an assessment of evening and morning behavior: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2004; 114(1):e1–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15231966" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15231966</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>378.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref378">Kent
|
||
JM, Hough
|
||
D, Singh
|
||
J, Karcher
|
||
K, Pandina
|
||
G. An open-label extension study of the safety and efficacy of risperidone in children and adolescents with autistic disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(10):676–686 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3870601/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3870601</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24350813" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24350813</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>379.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref379">Keulers
|
||
EH, Hendriksen
|
||
JG, Feron
|
||
FJ, Wassenberg
|
||
R, Wuisman-Frerker
|
||
MG, Jolles
|
||
J
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate improves reading performance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid dyslexia: an unblinded clinical trial. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2007; 11(1):21–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17169593" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17169593</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>380.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref380">Khodadust
|
||
N, Jalali
|
||
AH, Ahmadzad-Asl
|
||
M, Khademolreza
|
||
N, Shirazi
|
||
E. Comparison of two brands of methylphenidate (Stimdate vs. Ritalin) in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 2012; 6(1):26–32 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3939941/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3939941</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24644466" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24644466</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>381.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref381">Kim
|
||
Y, Shin
|
||
M-S, Kim
|
||
J-W, Yoo
|
||
H-J, Cho
|
||
S-C, Kim
|
||
B-N. Neurocognitive effects of switching from methylphenidate-IR to OROS-methylphenidate in children with ADHD. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental. 2009; 24(2):95–102 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19226534" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19226534</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>382.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref382">King
|
||
S, Waschbusch
|
||
DA, Pelham
|
||
WE, Frankland
|
||
BW, Corkum
|
||
PV, Jacques
|
||
S. Subtypes of aggression in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: medication effects and comparison with typical children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2009; 38(5):619–29 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20183647" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20183647</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>383.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref383">Koblan
|
||
KS, Hopkins
|
||
SC, Sarma
|
||
K, Jin
|
||
F, Goldman
|
||
R, Kollins
|
||
SH
|
||
et al. Dasotraline for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial in adults. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015; 40(12):2745–52 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4864650/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4864650</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25948101" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25948101</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>384.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref384">Kollins
|
||
S, Greenhill
|
||
L, Swanson
|
||
J, Wigal
|
||
S, Abikoff
|
||
H, McCracken
|
||
J
|
||
et al. Rationale, design, and methods of the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006; 45(11):1275–83 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17023869" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17023869</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>385.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref385">Kollins
|
||
SH, English
|
||
J, Robinson
|
||
R, Hallyburton
|
||
M, Chrisman
|
||
AK. Reinforcing and subjective effects of methylphenidate in adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychopharmacology. 2009; 204(1):73–83 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2688681/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2688681</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19104775" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19104775</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>386.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref386">Kollins
|
||
SH, English
|
||
JS, Itchon-Ramos
|
||
N, Chrisman
|
||
AK, Dew
|
||
R, O’Brien
|
||
B
|
||
et al. A pilot study of lis-dexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX/SPD489) to facilitate smoking cessation in nicotine-dependent adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2014; 18(2):158–68 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3421044/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3421044</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22508760" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22508760</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>387.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref387">Kollins
|
||
SH, Lopez
|
||
FA, Vince
|
||
BD, Turnbow
|
||
JM, Farrand
|
||
K, Lyne
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Psychomotor functioning and alertness with guanfacine extended release in subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2011; 21(2):111–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21476931" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21476931</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>388.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref388">Kollins
|
||
SH, Schoenfelder
|
||
E, English
|
||
JS, McClernon
|
||
FJ, Dew
|
||
RE, Lane
|
||
SD. Methylphenidate does not influence smoking-reinforced responding or attentional performance in adult smokers with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2013; 21(5):375–84 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4145471/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4145471</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24099358" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24099358</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>389.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref389">Kollins
|
||
SH, Youcha
|
||
S, Lasser
|
||
R, Thase
|
||
ME. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults with a history of depression or history of substance use disorder. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience. 2011; 8(2):28–32 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3071091/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3071091</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21468295" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21468295</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>390.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref390">Konstenius
|
||
M, Jayaram-Lindstrom
|
||
N, Beck
|
||
O, Franck
|
||
J. Sustained release methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD in amphetamine abusers: a pilot study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2010; 108(1–2):130–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20015599" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20015599</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>391.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref391">Konstenius
|
||
M, Jayaram-Lindstrom
|
||
N, Guterstam
|
||
J, Beck
|
||
O, Philips
|
||
B, Franck
|
||
J. Methylphenidate for ADHD and drug relapse in criminal offenders with substance dependence: A 24-week randomized placebo-controlled trial. Addiction. 2014; 109(3):440–49 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4226329/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4226329</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24118269" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24118269</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>392.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref392">Konstenius
|
||
M, Jayaram-Lindstrom
|
||
N, Guterstam
|
||
J, Beck
|
||
O, Philips
|
||
B, Franck
|
||
J. Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and drug relapse in criminal offenders with substance dependence: a 24-week randomized placebo-controlled trial. Addiction. 2014; 109(3):440–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4226329/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4226329</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24118269" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24118269</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>393.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref393">Konstenius
|
||
M, Jayaram-Lindstrom
|
||
N, Guterstam
|
||
J, Philips
|
||
B, Beck
|
||
O, Franck
|
||
J. Methylphenidate for ADHD in adults with substance dependence: A 24-week randomized placebo-controlled trial. European Psychiatry. 2013; 28:(Suppl 1):1 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4226329/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4226329</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24118269" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24118269</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>394.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref394">Kooij
|
||
JJ, Burger
|
||
H, Boonstra
|
||
AM, Van der Linden
|
||
PD, Kalma
|
||
LE, Buitelaar
|
||
JK. Efficacy and safety of methylphenidate in 45 adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over trial. Psychological Medicine. 2004; 34(6):973–82 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15554568" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15554568</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>395.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref395">Kooij
|
||
JJ, Rosler
|
||
M, Philipsen
|
||
A, Wachter
|
||
S, Dejonckheere
|
||
J, van der Kolk
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Predictors and impact of non-adherence in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder receiving OROS methylphenidate: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2013; 13:36 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3577504/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3577504</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23347693" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23347693</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>396.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref396">Krakowski
|
||
AJ. Amitriptyline in treatment of hyperkinetic children. A double-blind study. Psychosomatics. 1965; 6(5):355–60 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5319250" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5319250</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>397.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref397">Kratochvil
|
||
CJ, Michelson
|
||
D, Newcorn
|
||
JH, Weiss
|
||
MD, Busner
|
||
J, Moore
|
||
RJ
|
||
et al. High-dose atomoxetine treatment of ADHD in youths with limited response to standard doses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007; 46(9):1128–1137 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17712236" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17712236</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>398.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref398">Kubas
|
||
HA, Backenson
|
||
EM, Wilcox
|
||
G, Piercy
|
||
JC, Hale
|
||
JB. The effects of methylphenidate on cognitive function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgraduate Medicine. 2012; 124(5):33–48 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23095424" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23095424</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>399.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref399">Kuperman
|
||
S, Perry
|
||
PJ, Gaffney
|
||
GR, Lund
|
||
BC, Bever-Stille
|
||
KA, Arndt
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Bupropion SR vs. methylphenidate vs. placebo for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001; 13(3):129–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11791949" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11791949</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>400.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref400">Kupietz
|
||
SS, Winsberg
|
||
BG, Richardson
|
||
E, Maitinsky
|
||
S, Mendell
|
||
N. Effects of methylphenidate dosage in hyperactive reading-disabled children: I. Behavior and cognitive performance effects. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1988; 27(1):70–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3343209" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3343209</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>401.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref401">Lamberti
|
||
M, Siracusano
|
||
R, Italiano
|
||
D, Alosi
|
||
N, Cucinotta
|
||
F, Di Rosa
|
||
G
|
||
et al. Head-to-Head Comparison of Aripiprazole and Risperidone in the Treatment of ADHD Symptoms in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and ADHD: A Pilot, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Study. Paediatric Drugs. 2016; 18(4):319–29 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27278054" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27278054</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>402.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref402">Law
|
||
SF, Schachar
|
||
RJ. Do typical clinical doses of methylphenidate cause tics in children treated for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder?
|
||
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999; 38(8):944–51 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10434485" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10434485</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>403.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref403">LeBlanc
|
||
JC, Binder
|
||
CE, Armenteros
|
||
JL, Aman
|
||
MG, Wang
|
||
JS, Hew
|
||
H
|
||
et al. Risperidone reduces aggression in boys with a disruptive behaviour disorder and below average intelligence quotient: analysis of two placebo-controlled randomized trials. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2005; 20(5):275–83 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16096518" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16096518</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>404.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref404">Leddy
|
||
JJ, Waxmonsky
|
||
JG, Salis
|
||
RJ, Paluch
|
||
RA, Gnagy
|
||
EM, Mahaney
|
||
P
|
||
et al. Dopamine-related genotypes and the dose-response effect of methylphenidate on eating in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder youths. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(2):127–36 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19364291" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19364291</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>405.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref405">Lee
|
||
SH, Seox
|
||
WS, Sung
|
||
HM, Choi
|
||
TY, Kim
|
||
SY, Choi
|
||
SJ
|
||
et al. Effect of methylphenidate on sleep parameters in children with ADHD. Psychiatry Investigation. 2013; 10(1):384–390 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3521116/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3521116</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23251204" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23251204</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>406.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref406">Lee
|
||
SI, Song
|
||
DH, Shin
|
||
DW, Kim
|
||
JH, Lee
|
||
YS, Hwang
|
||
JW
|
||
et al. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine hydrochloride in Korean adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry
|
||
2014; 6(4):386–96 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25345739" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25345739</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>407.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref407">Lerer
|
||
RJ, Artner
|
||
J, Lerer
|
||
MP. Handwriting deficits in children with minimal brain dysfunction: effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) and placebo. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1979; 12(7):450–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/521686" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 521686</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>408.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref408">Lerer
|
||
RJ, Lerer
|
||
MP, Artner
|
||
J. The effects of methylphenidate on the handwriting of children with minimal brain dysfunction. Journal of Pediatrics. 1977; 91(1):127–32 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/874649" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 874649</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>409.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref409">Leuchter
|
||
AF, McGough
|
||
JJ, Korb
|
||
AS, Hunter
|
||
AM, Glaser
|
||
PE, Deldar
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Neurophysiologic predictors of response to atomoxetine in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot project. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2014; 54:11–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24726639" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24726639</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>410.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref410">Levin
|
||
FR, Evans
|
||
SM, Brooks
|
||
DJ, Garawi
|
||
F. Treatment of cocaine dependent treatment seekers with adult ADHD: double-blind comparison of methylphenidate and placebo. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2007; 87(1):20–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16930863" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16930863</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>411.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref411">Levin
|
||
FR, Mariani
|
||
JJ, Specker
|
||
S, Mooney
|
||
M, Mahony
|
||
A, Brooks
|
||
DJ
|
||
et al. Extended-Release Mixed Amphetamine Salts vs Placebo for Comorbid Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Cocaine Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015; 72(6):593–602 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4456227/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4456227</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25887096" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25887096</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>412.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref412">Li
|
||
JJ, Li
|
||
ZW, Wang
|
||
SZ, Qi
|
||
FH, Zhao
|
||
L, Lv
|
||
H
|
||
et al. Ningdong granule: a complementary and alternative therapy in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology. 2011; 216(4):501–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21416235" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21416235</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>413.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref413">Li
|
||
L, Yang
|
||
L, Zhuo
|
||
CJ, Wang
|
||
YF. A randomised controlled trial of combined EEG feedback and methylphenidate therapy for the treatment of ADHD. Swiss Medical Weekly. 2013; 143:w13838 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23986461" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23986461</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>414.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref414">Li
|
||
S, Yu
|
||
B, Lin
|
||
Z, Jiang
|
||
S, He
|
||
J, Kang
|
||
L
|
||
et al. Randomized-controlled study of treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder of preschool children with combined electro-acupuncture and behavior therapy. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2010; 18(5):175–183 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21056840" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21056840</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>415.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref415">Lin
|
||
DY, Kratochvil
|
||
CJ, Xu
|
||
W, Jin
|
||
L, D’Souza
|
||
DN, Kielbasa
|
||
W
|
||
et al. A randomized trial of edivoxetine in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2014; 24(4):190–200 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4026219/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4026219</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24840045" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24840045</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>416.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref416">Lin
|
||
HY, Gau
|
||
SS. Atomoxetine treatment strengthens an anti-correlated relationship between functional brain networks in medication-naive adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015; 19(3):1–15 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4815465/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4815465</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26377368" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26377368</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>417.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref417">Lin
|
||
HY, Gau
|
||
SS. Atomoxetine treatment strengthens an anti-correlated relationship between functional brain networks in medication-naïve adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017; 19(3):pyv094 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4815465/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4815465</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26377368" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26377368</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>418.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref418">Linares
|
||
LO, Martinez-Martin
|
||
N, Castellanos
|
||
FX. Stimulant and atypical antipsychotic medications for children placed in foster homes. PloS One. 2013; 8(1):e54152 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3541235/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3541235</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23326588" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23326588</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>419.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref419">Lion-Francois
|
||
L, Gueyffier
|
||
F, Mercier
|
||
C, Gerard
|
||
D, Herbillon
|
||
V, Kemlin
|
||
I
|
||
et al. The effect of methylphenidate on neurofibromatosis type 1: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2014; 9:142 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4172829/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4172829</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25205361" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25205361</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>420.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref420">Liu
|
||
J. Is electro-acupuncture, in combination with behaviour therapy, effective in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
|
||
Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies. 2011; 16(3):227–228</div></dd><dt>421.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref421">Logemann
|
||
HN, Bocker
|
||
KB, Deschamps
|
||
PK, Kemner
|
||
C, Kenemans
|
||
JL. The effect of noradrenergic attenuation by clonidine on inhibition in the stop signal task. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. 2013; 110:104–11 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23792541" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23792541</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>422.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref422">Loo
|
||
SK, Bilder
|
||
RM, Cho
|
||
AL, Sturm
|
||
A, Cowen
|
||
J, Walshaw
|
||
P
|
||
et al. Effects of d-Methylphenidate, Guanfacine, and Their Combination on Electroencephalogram Resting State Spectral Power in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016; 55(8):674–682.e1 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5003618/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5003618</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27453081" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27453081</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>423.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref423">Lopez
|
||
FA, Ginsberg
|
||
LD, Arnold
|
||
V. Effect of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on parent-rated measures in children aged 6 to 12 years with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a secondary analysis. Postgraduate Medicine. 2008; 120(3):89–102 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18824828" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18824828</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>424.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref424">Lufi
|
||
D, Gai
|
||
E. The effect of methylphenidate and placebo on eye-hand coordination functioning and handwriting of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurocase. 2007; 13(5):334–41 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18781432" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18781432</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>425.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref425">Luman
|
||
M, Papanikolau
|
||
A, Oosterlaan
|
||
J. The unique and combined effects of reinforcement and methylphenidate on temporal information processing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2015; 35(4):414–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26075486" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26075486</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>426.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref426">Lyon
|
||
GJ, Samar
|
||
SM, Conelea
|
||
C, Trujillo
|
||
MR, Lipinski
|
||
CM, Bauer
|
||
CC
|
||
et al. Testing tic suppression: comparing the effects of dexmethylphenidate to no medication in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Tourette’s disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2010; 20(4):283–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2958463/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2958463</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20807066" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20807066</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>427.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref427">Lyon
|
||
MR, Kapoor
|
||
MP, Juneja
|
||
LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Alternative Medicine Review. 2011; 16(4):348–54 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22214254" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22214254</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>428.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref428">Malone
|
||
RP, Waheed
|
||
A. The role of antipsychotics in the management of behavioural symptoms in children and adolescents with autism. Drugs. 2009; 69(5):535–48 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19368416" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19368416</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>429.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref429">Manor
|
||
I, Newcorn
|
||
JH, Faraone
|
||
SV, Adler
|
||
LA. Efficacy of metadoxine extended release in patients with predominantly inattentive subtype attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgraduate Medicine. 2013; 125(4):181–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23933905" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23933905</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>430.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref430">Manor
|
||
I, Rubin
|
||
J, Daniely
|
||
Y, Adler
|
||
LA. Attention benefits after a single dose of metadoxine extended release in adults with predominantly inattentive ADHD. Postgraduate Medicine. 2014; 126(5):7–16 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25295645" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25295645</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>431.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref431">Manos
|
||
M, Frazier
|
||
TW, Landgraf
|
||
JM, Weiss
|
||
M, Hodgkins
|
||
P. HRQL and medication satisfaction in children with ADHD treated with the methylphenidate transdermal system. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2009; 25(12):3001–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19849639" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19849639</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>432.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref432">Marchant
|
||
BK, Reimherr
|
||
FW, Halls
|
||
C, Williams
|
||
ED, Strong
|
||
RE. OROS methylphenidate in the treatment of adults with ADHD: a 6-month, open-label, follow-up study. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010; 22(3):196–204 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20680193" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20680193</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>433.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref433">Marchant
|
||
BK, Reimherr
|
||
FW, Halls
|
||
C, Williams
|
||
ED, Strong
|
||
RE, Kondo
|
||
D
|
||
et al. Long-term open-label response to atomoxetine in adult ADHD: influence of sex, emotional dysregulation, and double-blind response to atomoxetine. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2011; 3(3):237–44 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21442440" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21442440</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>434.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref434">Marchant
|
||
BK, Reimherr
|
||
FW, Robison
|
||
RJ, Olsen
|
||
JL, Kondo
|
||
DG. Methylphenidate transdermal system in adult ADHD and impact on emotional and oppositional symptoms. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2011; 15(4):295–304 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20410322" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20410322</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>435.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref435">Martenyi
|
||
F, Zavadenko
|
||
NN, Jarkova
|
||
NB, Yarosh
|
||
AA, Soldatenkova
|
||
VO, Bardenstein
|
||
LM
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A 6-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in Russia. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010; 19(1):57–66 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19568826" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19568826</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>436.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref436">Martin
|
||
CA, Guenthner
|
||
G, Bingcang
|
||
C, Rayens
|
||
MK, Kelly
|
||
TH. Measurement of the subjective effects of methylphenidate in 11- to 15-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2007; 17(1):63–73 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3184246/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3184246</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17343554" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17343554</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>437.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref437">Martin
|
||
PT, Corcoran
|
||
M, Zhang
|
||
P, Katic
|
||
A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and mixed amphetamine salts on cognition throughout the day in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Drug Investigation. 2014; 34(2):147–57 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3899471/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3899471</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24297663" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24297663</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>438.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref438">Martins
|
||
S, Tramontina
|
||
S, Polanczyk
|
||
G, Eizirik
|
||
M, Swanson
|
||
JM, Rohde
|
||
LA. Weekend holidays during methylphenidate use in ADHD children: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2004; 14(2):195–206 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15319017" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15319017</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>439.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref439">Mattes
|
||
JA, Boswell
|
||
L, Oliver
|
||
H. Methylphenidate effects on symptoms of attention deficit disorder in adults. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1984; 41(11):1059–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6388523" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6388523</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>440.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref440">Mattingly
|
||
GW, Weisler
|
||
RH, Young
|
||
J, Adeyi
|
||
B, Dirks
|
||
B, Babcock
|
||
T
|
||
et al. Clinical response and symptomatic remission in short- and long-term trials of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2013; 13:39 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3568402/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3568402</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23356790" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23356790</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>441.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref441">Mattos
|
||
P. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety in children and adolescents. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry. 2014; 41(2):34–39</div></dd><dt>442.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref442">Mattos
|
||
P, Louza
|
||
MR, Palmini
|
||
AL, de Oliveira
|
||
IR, Rocha
|
||
FL. A multicenter, open-label trial to evaluate the quality of life in adults with ADHD treated with long-acting methylphenidate (OROS MPH): Concerta Quality of Life (CONQoL) study. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2013; 17(5):444–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22334621" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22334621</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>443.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref443">Matza
|
||
LS, Johnston
|
||
JA, Faries
|
||
DE, Malley
|
||
KG, Brod
|
||
M. Responsiveness of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Quality of Life Scale (AAQoL). Quality of Life Research. 2007; 16(9):1511–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17874207" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17874207</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>444.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref444">Matza
|
||
LS, Rentz
|
||
AM, Secnik
|
||
K, Swensen
|
||
AR, Revicki
|
||
DA, Michelson
|
||
D
|
||
et al. The link between health-related quality of life and clinical symptoms among children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 2004; 25(3):166–74 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15194901" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15194901</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>445.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref445">McCarthy
|
||
S, Asherson
|
||
P, Coghill
|
||
D, Hollis
|
||
C, Murray
|
||
M, Potts
|
||
L
|
||
et al. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: treatment discontinuation in adolescents and young adults. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009; 194(3):273–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19252159" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19252159</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>446.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref446">McCarthy
|
||
S, Wilton
|
||
L, Murray
|
||
ML, Hodgkins
|
||
P, Asherson
|
||
P, Wong
|
||
ICK. Persistence of pharmacological treatment into adulthood, in UK primary care, for ADHD patients who started treatment in childhood or adolescence. BMC Psychiatry. 2012; 12
|
||
219 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3570395/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3570395</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23216881" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23216881</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>447.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref447">McCracken
|
||
JT, McGough
|
||
JJ, Loo
|
||
SK, Levitt
|
||
J, Del’Homme
|
||
M, Cowen
|
||
J
|
||
et al. Combined stimulant and guanfacine administration in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a controlled, comparative study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2016; 55(8):657–666.e1 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4976782/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4976782</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27453079" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27453079</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>448.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref448">McGough
|
||
J, McCracken
|
||
J, Swanson
|
||
J, Riddle
|
||
M, Kollins
|
||
S, Greenhill
|
||
L
|
||
et al. Pharmacogenetics of methylphenidate response in preschoolers with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006; 45(11):1314–22 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17023870" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17023870</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>449.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref449">McGough
|
||
JJ, Greenbaum
|
||
M, Adeyi
|
||
B, Babcock
|
||
T, Scheckner
|
||
B, Dirks
|
||
B
|
||
et al. Sex subgroup analysis of treatment response to lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children aged 6 to 12 years with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2012; 32(1):138–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22217951" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22217951</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>450.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref450">McInnes
|
||
A, Bedard
|
||
AC, Hogg-Johnson
|
||
S, Tannock
|
||
R. Preliminary evidence of beneficial effects of methylphenidate on listening comprehension in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2007; 17(1):35–49 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17343552" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17343552</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>451.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref451">McRae-Clark
|
||
AL, Carter
|
||
RE, Killeen
|
||
TK, Carpenter
|
||
MJ, White
|
||
KG, Brady
|
||
KT. A placebo-controlled trial of atomoxetine in marijuana-dependent individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal on Addictions. 2010; 19(6):481–489 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3019094/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3019094</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20958842" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20958842</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>452.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref452">Medori
|
||
R, Ramos-Quiroga
|
||
JA, Casas
|
||
M, Kooij
|
||
JJS, Niemela
|
||
A, Trott
|
||
GE
|
||
et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of three fixed dosages of prolonged-release OROS methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2008; 63(10):981–989 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18206857" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18206857</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>453.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref453">Meisel
|
||
V, Servera
|
||
M, Garcia-Banda
|
||
G, Cardo
|
||
E, Moreno
|
||
I. Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: a randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up. Biological Psychology. 2013; 94(1):12–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23665196" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23665196</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>454.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref454">Merrill
|
||
RM, Thygerson
|
||
SM, Palmer
|
||
CA. Risk of injury according to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, comorbid mental illness, and medication therapy. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2016; 49(2):45–50 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26829453" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26829453</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>455.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref455">Michelson
|
||
D. Once-daily administration of atomoxetine: a new treatment for ADHD. 155th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. 2002;</div></dd><dt>456.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref456">Michelson
|
||
D, Adler
|
||
L, Spencer
|
||
T, Reimherr
|
||
FW, West
|
||
SA, Allen
|
||
AJ
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine in adults with ADHD: two randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Biological Psychiatry. 2003; 53(2):112–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12547466" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12547466</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>457.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref457">Michelson
|
||
D, Allen
|
||
AJ, Busner
|
||
J, Casat
|
||
C, Dunn
|
||
D, Kratochvil
|
||
C
|
||
et al. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002; 159(11):1896–901 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12411225" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12411225</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>458.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref458">Michelson
|
||
D, Buitelaar
|
||
JK, Danckaerts
|
||
M, Gillberg
|
||
C, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Zuddas
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Relapse prevention in pediatric patients with ADHD treated with atomoxetine: a randomized, double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2004; 43(7):896–904 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15213591" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15213591</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>459.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref459">Michelson
|
||
D, Faries
|
||
D, Wernicke
|
||
J, Kelsey
|
||
D, Kendrick
|
||
K, Sallee
|
||
FR
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Pediatrics. 2001; 108(5):E83 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11694667" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11694667</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>460.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref460">Mikami
|
||
AY, Cox
|
||
DJ, Davis
|
||
MT, Wilson
|
||
HK, Merkel
|
||
RL, Burket
|
||
R. Sex differences in effectiveness of extended-release stimulant medication among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. 2009; 16(3):233–242 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19418208" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19418208</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>461.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref461">Mikkelsen
|
||
EJ. Efficacy of neuroleptic medication in pervasive developmental disorders of childhood. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1982; 8(2):320–332 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6126001" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6126001</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>462.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref462">Miller
|
||
NL, Findling
|
||
RL. Is methylphenidate a safe and effective treatment for ADHD-like symptoms in children with pervasive developmental disorders?
|
||
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2007; 8(7):1025–1028 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17472547" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17472547</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>463.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref463">Mohammadi
|
||
MR, Hafezi
|
||
P, Galeiha
|
||
A, Hajiaghaee
|
||
R, Akhondzadeh
|
||
S. Buspirone versus methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: randomized double-blind study. Acta Medica Iranica. 2012; 50(11):723–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23292622" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23292622</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>464.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref464">Mohammadi
|
||
MR, Mohammadzadeh
|
||
S, Akhondzadeh
|
||
S. Memantine versus methylphenidate in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry. 2015; 10(2):106–114 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4752523/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4752523</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26884787" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26884787</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>465.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref465">Mohammadi
|
||
MR, Mostafavi
|
||
SA, Keshavarz
|
||
SA, Eshraghian
|
||
MR, Hosseinzadeh
|
||
P, Hosseinzadeh-Attar
|
||
MJ
|
||
et al. Melatonin effects in methylphenidate treated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized double blind clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 2012; 7(2):87–92 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3428643/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3428643</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22952551" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22952551</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>466.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref466">Montoya
|
||
A, Hervas
|
||
A, Cardo
|
||
E, Artigas
|
||
J, Mardomingo
|
||
MJ, Alda
|
||
JA
|
||
et al. Evaluation of atomoxetine for first-line treatment of newly diagnosed, treatment-naive children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2009; 25(11):2745–2754 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19785510" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19785510</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>467.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref467">Monuteaux
|
||
MC, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Faraone
|
||
SV, Wilson
|
||
AM, Biederman
|
||
J. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of bupropion for the prevention of smoking in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007; 68(7):1094–101 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17685748" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17685748</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>468.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref468">Moorthy
|
||
G, Sallee
|
||
F, Gabbita
|
||
P, Zemlan
|
||
F, Sallans
|
||
L, Desai
|
||
PB. Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of 2-pyridylacetic acid, a major metabolite of betahistine, in a phase 1 dose escalation study in subjects with ADHD. Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition. 2015; 36(7):429–39 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25904220" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25904220</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>469.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref469">Morash-Conway
|
||
J, Gendron
|
||
M, Corkum
|
||
P. The role of sleep quality and quantity in moderating the effectiveness of medication in the treatment of children with ADHD. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2017; 9(1):31–38 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27515452" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27515452</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>470.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref470">Moriyama
|
||
TS, Polanczyk
|
||
GV, Terzi
|
||
FS, Faria
|
||
KM, Rohde
|
||
LA. Psychopharmacology and psychotherapy for the treatment of adults with ADHD-a systematic review of available meta-analyses. CNS Spectrums. 2013; 18(6):296–306 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23739183" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23739183</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>471.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref471">Morrow
|
||
RL, Garland
|
||
EJ, Wright
|
||
JM, Maclure
|
||
M, Taylor
|
||
S, Dormuth
|
||
CR. Influence of relative age on diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2012; 184(7):755–62 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3328520/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3328520</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22392937" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22392937</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>472.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref472">Moshe
|
||
K, Karni
|
||
A, Tirosh
|
||
E. Anxiety and methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a double-blind placebo-drug trial. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2012; 4(3):153–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22622628" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22622628</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>473.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref473">Muir
|
||
VJ, Perry
|
||
CM. Guanfacine extended-release: in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Drugs. 2010; 70(13):1693–702 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20731476" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20731476</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>474.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref474">Muniz
|
||
R, Brams
|
||
M, Mao
|
||
A, McCague
|
||
K, Pestreich
|
||
L, Silva
|
||
R. Efficacy and safety of extended-release dexmethylphenidate compared with d,l-methylphenidate and placebo in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a 12-hour laboratory classroom study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2008; 18(3):248–56 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18582179" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18582179</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>475.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref475">Murray
|
||
DW, Childress
|
||
A, Giblin
|
||
J, Williamson
|
||
D, Armstrong
|
||
R, Starr
|
||
HL. Effects of OROS methylphenidate on academic, behavioral, and cognitive tasks in children 9 to 12 years of age with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Pediatrics. 2011; 50(4):308–320 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21436147" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21436147</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>476.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref476">Nagaraj
|
||
R, Singhi
|
||
P, Malhi
|
||
P. Risperidone in children with autism: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Journal of Child Neurology. 2006; 21(6):450–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16948927" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16948927</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>477.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref477">Nagy
|
||
P, Häge
|
||
A, Coghill
|
||
DR, Caballero
|
||
B, Adeyi
|
||
B, Anderson
|
||
CS
|
||
et al. Functional outcomes from a head-to-head, randomized, double-blind trial of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and an inadequate response to methylphenidate. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2015; 25(2):141–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4735245/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4735245</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25999292" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25999292</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>478.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref478">Nandam
|
||
LS, Hester
|
||
R, Wagner
|
||
J, Cummins
|
||
TD, Garner
|
||
K, Dean
|
||
AJ
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate but not atomoxetine or citalopram modulates inhibitory control and response time variability. Biological Psychiatry. 2011; 69(9):902–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21193172" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21193172</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>479.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref479">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual. London. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Available from: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26677490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26677490</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>480.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref480">Newcorn
|
||
JH, Harpin
|
||
V, Huss
|
||
M, Lyne
|
||
A, Sikirica
|
||
V, Johnson
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Extended-release guanfacine hydrochloride in 6–17-year olds with ADHD: a randomised-withdrawal maintenance of efficacy study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 2016; 57(6):717–28 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26871297" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26871297</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>481.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref481">Newcorn
|
||
JH, Kratochvil
|
||
CJ, Allen
|
||
AJ, Casat
|
||
CD, Ruff
|
||
DD, Moore
|
||
RJ
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine and osmotically released methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Acute comparison and differential response. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008; 165(6):721–730 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18281409" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18281409</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>482.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref482">Newcorn
|
||
JH, Michelson
|
||
D, Kratochvil
|
||
CJ, Allen
|
||
AJ, Ruff
|
||
DD, Moore
|
||
RJ. Low-dose atomoxetine for maintenance treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2006; 118(6):e1701–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17101710" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17101710</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>483.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref483">Newcorn
|
||
JH, Stein
|
||
MA, Childress
|
||
AC, Youcha
|
||
S, White
|
||
C, Enright
|
||
G
|
||
et al. Randomized, double-blind trial of guanfacine extended release in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: morning or evening administration. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2013; 52(9):921–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23972694" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23972694</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>484.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref484">Newcorn
|
||
JH, Stein
|
||
MA, Cooper
|
||
KM. Dose-response characteristics in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with OROS methylphenidate in a 4-week, open-label, dose-titration study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2010; 20(3):187–96 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20578931" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20578931</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>485.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref485">Ni
|
||
HC, Hwang Gu
|
||
SL, Lin
|
||
HY, Lin
|
||
YJ, Yang
|
||
LK, Huang
|
||
HC
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine could improve intra-individual variability in drug-naive adults with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder comparably with methylphenidate: A head-to-head randomized clinical trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2016; 30(5):459–67 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26905919" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26905919</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>486.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref486">Ni
|
||
HC, Shang
|
||
CY, Gau
|
||
SS, Lin
|
||
YJ, Huang
|
||
HC, Yang
|
||
LK. A head-to-head randomized clinical trial of methylphenidate and atomoxetine treatment for executive function in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013; 16(9):1959–73 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23672818" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23672818</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>487.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref487">Niederhofer
|
||
H. Agomelatine treatment with adolescents with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2012; 16(6):530–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22668524" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22668524</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>488.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref488">Nunes
|
||
EV, Covey
|
||
LS, Brigham
|
||
G, Hu
|
||
MC, Levin
|
||
FR, Somoza
|
||
EC
|
||
et al. Treating nicotine dependence by targeting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with OROS methylphenidate: the role of baseline ADHD severity and treatment response. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2013; 74(10):983–90 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3946795/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3946795</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24229749" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24229749</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>489.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref489">Ogrim
|
||
G, Hestad
|
||
KA. Effects of neurofeedback versus stimulant medication in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized pilot study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(7):448–57 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3779016/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3779016</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23808786" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23808786</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>490.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref490">Olsen
|
||
JL, Reimherr
|
||
FW, Marchant
|
||
BK, Wender
|
||
PH, Robison
|
||
RJ. The effect of personality disorder symptoms on response to treatment with methylphenidate transdermal system in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2012; 14(5):PCC [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3583767/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3583767</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23469326" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23469326</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>491.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref491">Overtoom
|
||
CCE, Bekker
|
||
EM, van der Molen
|
||
MW, Verbaten
|
||
MN, Kooij
|
||
JJS, Buitelaar
|
||
JK
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate restores link between stop-signal sensory impact and successful stopping in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2009; 65(7):614–619 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19103443" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19103443</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>492.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref492">Owen
|
||
R, Sikich
|
||
L, Marcus
|
||
RN, Corey-Lisle
|
||
P, Manos
|
||
G, McQuade
|
||
RD
|
||
et al. Aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents with autistic disorder. Pediatrics. 2009; 124(6):1533–1540 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19948625" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19948625</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>493.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref493">Owens
|
||
J, Weiss
|
||
M, Nordbrock
|
||
E, Mattingly
|
||
G, Wigal
|
||
S, Greenhill
|
||
LL
|
||
et al. Effect of Aptensio XR (methylphenidate HCl extended-release) capsules on sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2016; 26(10):873–881 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5178023/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5178023</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27754700" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27754700</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>494.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref494">Pagano
|
||
ME, Demeter
|
||
CA, Faber
|
||
JE, Calabrese
|
||
JR, Findling
|
||
RL. Initiation of stimulant and antidepressant medication and clinical presentation in juvenile bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disorders. 2008; 10(2):334–41 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3005589/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3005589</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18271913" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18271913</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>495.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref495">Palumbo
|
||
DR, Sallee
|
||
FR, Pelham
|
||
WE, Jr., Bukstein
|
||
OG, Daviss
|
||
WB, McDermott
|
||
MP. Clonidine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: I. Efficacy and tolerability outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008; 47(2):180–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18182963" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18182963</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>496.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref496">Parker
|
||
J, Wales
|
||
G, Chalhoub
|
||
N, Harpin
|
||
V. The long-term outcomes of interventions for the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2013; 6:87–99 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3785407/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3785407</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24082796" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24082796</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>497.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref497">Pataki
|
||
CS, Carlson
|
||
GA, Kelly
|
||
KL, Rapport
|
||
MD, Biancaniello
|
||
TM. Side effects of methylphenidate and desipramine alone and in combination in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1993; 32(5):1065–72 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8407753" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8407753</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>498.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref498">Paterson
|
||
R, Douglas
|
||
C, Hallmayer
|
||
J, Hagan
|
||
M, Krupenia
|
||
Z. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dexamphetamine in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1999; 33(4):494–502 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10483843" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10483843</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>499.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref499">Pearson
|
||
DA, Santos
|
||
CW, Aman
|
||
MG, Arnold
|
||
LE, Casat
|
||
CD, Mansour
|
||
R
|
||
et al. Effects of extended release methylphenidate treatment on ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders and ADHD symptoms. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(5):337–51 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3689935/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3689935</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23782128" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23782128</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>500.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref500">Pelham
|
||
WE, Burrows-MacLean
|
||
L, Gnagy
|
||
EM, Fabiano
|
||
GA, Coles
|
||
EK, Wymbs
|
||
BT
|
||
et al. A dose-ranging study of behavioral and pharmacological treatment in social settings for children with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2014; 42(6):1019–31 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4090274/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4090274</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24429997" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24429997</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>501.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref501">Pelham
|
||
WE, Waxmonsky
|
||
JG, Schentag
|
||
J, Ballow
|
||
CH, Panahon
|
||
CJ, Gnagy
|
||
EM
|
||
et al. Efficacy of a methylphenidate transdermal system versus t.i.d. methylphenidate in a laboratory setting. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2011; 15(1):28–35 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20439487" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20439487</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>502.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref502">Perez-Alvarez
|
||
F, Serra-Amaya
|
||
C, Timoneda-Gallart
|
||
CA. Cognitive versus behavioral ADHD phenotype: what is it all about?
|
||
Neuropediatrics. 2009; 40(1):32–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19639526" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19639526</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>503.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref503">Perrin
|
||
JM, Friedman
|
||
RA, Knilans
|
||
TK, Black Box Working G, Section on C, Cardiac S. Cardiovascular monitoring and stimulant drugs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2008; 122(2):451–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18676566" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18676566</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>504.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref504">Peterson
|
||
K, McDonagh
|
||
MS, Fu
|
||
R. Comparative benefits and harms of competing medications for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and indirect comparison meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology. 2008; 197(1):1–11 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18026719" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18026719</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>505.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref505">Philipsen
|
||
A, Graf
|
||
E, Jans
|
||
T, Matthies
|
||
S, Borel
|
||
P, Colla
|
||
M
|
||
et al. A randomized controlled multicenter trial on the multimodal treatment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: enrollment and characteristics of the study sample. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2014; 6(1):35–47 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24132867" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24132867</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>506.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref506">Philipsen
|
||
A, Jans
|
||
T, Graf
|
||
E, Matthies
|
||
S, Borel
|
||
P, Colla
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Effects of group psychotherapy, individual counseling, methylphenidate, and placebo in the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015; 72(12):1199–210 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26536057" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26536057</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>507.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref507">Pierce
|
||
D, Katic
|
||
A, Buckwalter
|
||
M, Webster
|
||
K. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate administered as methylphenidate transdermal system or osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate to children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2010; 30(5):554–64 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20814325" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20814325</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>508.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref508">Pollak
|
||
Y, Shomaly
|
||
HB, Weiss
|
||
PL, Rizzo
|
||
AA, Gross-Tsur
|
||
V. Methylphenidate effect in children with ADHD can be measured by an ecologically valid continuous performance test embedded in virtual reality. CNS Spectrums. 2010; 15(2):125–130 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20414157" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20414157</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>509.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref509">Posey
|
||
DJ, Aman
|
||
MG, McCracken
|
||
JT, Scahill
|
||
L, Tierney
|
||
E, Arnold
|
||
LE
|
||
et al. Positive effects of methylphenidate on inattention and hyperactivity in pervasive developmental disorders: an analysis of secondary measures. Biological Psychiatry. 2007; 61(4):538–44 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17276750" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17276750</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>510.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref510">Potter
|
||
AS, Dunbar
|
||
G, Mazzulla
|
||
E, Hosford
|
||
D, Newhouse
|
||
PA. AZD3480, a novel nicotinic receptor agonist, for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Biological Psychiatry. 2014; 75(3):207–14 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23856296" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23856296</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>511.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref511">Potter
|
||
AS, Newhouse
|
||
PA. Acute nicotine improves cognitive deficits in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. 2008; 88(4):407–17 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18022679" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18022679</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>512.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref512">Powell
|
||
SG, Frydenberg
|
||
M, Thomsen
|
||
PH. The effects of long-term medication on growth in children and adolescents with ADHD: an observational study of a large cohort of real-life patients. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Mental Health. 2015; 9:50 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4624592/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4624592</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26516345" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26516345</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>513.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref513">Prada
|
||
P, Nicastro
|
||
R, Zimmermann
|
||
J, Hasler
|
||
R, Aubry
|
||
JM, Perroud
|
||
N. Addition of methylphenidate to intensive dialectical behaviour therapy for patients suffering from comorbid borderline personality disorder and ADHD: a naturalistic study. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2015; 7(3):199–209 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25634471" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25634471</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>514.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref514">Prasad
|
||
S, Arellano
|
||
J, Steer
|
||
C, Libretto
|
||
SE. Assessing the value of atomoxetine in treating children and adolescents with ADHD in the UK. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2009; 63(7):1031–1040 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19570121" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19570121</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>515.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref515">Prasad
|
||
S, Harpin
|
||
V, Poole
|
||
L, Zeitlin
|
||
H, Jamdar
|
||
S, Puvanendran
|
||
K
|
||
et al. A multi-centre, randomised, open-label study of atomoxetine compared with standard current therapy in UK children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2007; 23(2):379–394 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17288692" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17288692</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>516.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref516">Prince
|
||
JB, Wilens
|
||
TE, Biederman
|
||
J, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Millstein
|
||
R, Polisner
|
||
DA
|
||
et al. A controlled study of nortriptyline in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2000; 10(3):193–204 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11052409" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11052409</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>517.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref517">Pringsheim
|
||
T, Steeves
|
||
T. Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with comorbid tic disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
||
2011, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD007990. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007990.pub2. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21491404" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21491404</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007990.pub2" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd><dt>518.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref518">Punja
|
||
S, Shamseer
|
||
L, Hartling
|
||
L, Urichuk
|
||
L, Vandermeer
|
||
B, Nikles
|
||
CJ
|
||
et al. Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
||
2012, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD009996. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009996. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10329868/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC10329868</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26844979" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26844979</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009996" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd><dt>519.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref519">Ramtvedt
|
||
BE, Aabech
|
||
HS, Sundet
|
||
K. Minimizing adverse events while maintaining clinical improvement in a pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder crossover trial with dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2014; 24(3):130–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3993015/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3993015</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24666268" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24666268</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>520.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref520">Ramtvedt
|
||
BE, Roinas
|
||
E, Aabech
|
||
HS, Sundet
|
||
KS. Clinical gains from including both dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate in stimulant trials. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(9):597–604 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3842881/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3842881</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23659360" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23659360</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>521.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref521">Ramtvedt
|
||
BE, Sandvik
|
||
L, Sundet
|
||
K. Correspondence between children’s and adults’ ratings of stimulant-induced changes in ADHD behaviours in a crossover trial with medication-naive children. European Journal of Developmental Psychology. 2014; 11(6):687–700</div></dd><dt>522.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref522">Rapoport
|
||
JL, Quinn
|
||
PO, Bradbard
|
||
G, Riddle
|
||
KD, Brooks
|
||
E. Imipramine and methylphenidate treatments of hyperactive boys. A double-blind comparison. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1974; 30(6):789–93 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4598851" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4598851</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>523.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref523">Rapport
|
||
MD, Kofler
|
||
MJ, Coiro
|
||
MM, Raiker
|
||
JS, Sarver
|
||
DE, Alderson
|
||
RM. Unexpected effects of methylphenidate in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder reflect decreases in core/secondary symptoms and physical complaints common to all children. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2008; 18(3):237–247 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18582178" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18582178</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>524.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref524">Ray
|
||
R, Rukstalis
|
||
M, Jepson
|
||
C, Strasser
|
||
A, Patterson
|
||
F, Lynch
|
||
K
|
||
et al. Effects of atomoxetine on subjective and neurocognitive symptoms of nicotine abstinence. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2009; 23(2):168–76 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18515446" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18515446</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>525.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref525">Redman
|
||
T, Scheermeyer
|
||
E, Ogawa
|
||
M, Sparks
|
||
EC, Taylor
|
||
JC, Tran
|
||
VT
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate for core and ADHD-like symptoms in children aged 6 to 18 years with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
||
2014, Issue 8. Art. No.: CD011144. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011144. [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011144" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd><dt>526.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref526">Reichow
|
||
B, Volkmar
|
||
FR, Bloch
|
||
MH. Systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacological treatment of the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2013; 43(10):2435–41 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3787525/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3787525</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23468071" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23468071</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>527.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref527">Reimherr
|
||
FW, Williams
|
||
ED, Strong
|
||
RE, Mestas
|
||
R, Soni
|
||
P, Marchant
|
||
BK. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of osmotic release oral system methylphenidate in adults with ADHD with assessment of oppositional and emotional dimensions of the disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007; 68(1):93–101 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17284136" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17284136</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>528.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref528">Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network. Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of methylphenidate in pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005; 62(11):1266–74 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16275814" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16275814</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>529.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref529">Retz
|
||
W, Rosler
|
||
M, Ose
|
||
C, Scherag
|
||
A, Alm
|
||
B, Philipsen
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Multiscale assessment of treatment efficacy in adults with ADHD: a randomized placebo-controlled, multi-centre study with extended-release methylphenidate. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2012; 13(1):48–59 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3279134/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3279134</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21155632" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21155632</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>530.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref530">Reyes
|
||
M, Buitelaar
|
||
J, Toren
|
||
P, Augustyns
|
||
I, Eerdekens
|
||
M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone maintenance treatment in children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2006; 163(3):402–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16513860" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16513860</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>531.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref531">Rezaei
|
||
V, Mohammadi
|
||
MR, Ghanizadeh
|
||
A, Sahraian
|
||
A, Tabrizi
|
||
M, Rezazadeh
|
||
SA
|
||
et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of risperidone plus topiramate in children with autistic disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2010; 34(7):1269–72 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20637249" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20637249</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>532.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref532">Riahi
|
||
F, Tehrani-Doost
|
||
M, Shahrivar
|
||
Z, Alaghband-Rad
|
||
J. Efficacy of reboxetine in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Human Psychopharmacology. 2010; 25(7–8):570–576 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21312292" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21312292</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>533.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref533">Richardson
|
||
E, Kupietz
|
||
SS, Winsberg
|
||
BG, Maitinsky
|
||
S, Mendell
|
||
N. Effects of methylphenidate dosage in hyperactive reading-disabled children: II. Reading achievement. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1988; 27(1):78–87 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3343210" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3343210</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>534.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref534">Riggs
|
||
PD, Winhusen
|
||
T, Davies
|
||
RD, Leimberger
|
||
JD, Mikulich-Gilbertson
|
||
S, Klein
|
||
C
|
||
et al. Randomized controlled trial of osmotic-release methylphenidate with cognitive-behavioral therapy in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2011; 50(9):903–14 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3164797/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3164797</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21871372" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21871372</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>535.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref535">Robison
|
||
RJ, Reimherr
|
||
FW, Gale
|
||
PD, Marchant
|
||
BK, Williams
|
||
ED, Soni
|
||
P
|
||
et al. Personality disorders in ADHD Part 2: The effect of symptoms of personality disorder on response to treatment with OROS methylphenidate in adults with ADHD. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010; 22(2):94–102 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20445836" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20445836</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>536.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref536">Roesch
|
||
B, Corcoran
|
||
M, Haffey
|
||
M, Stevenson
|
||
A, Wang
|
||
P, Purkayastha
|
||
J
|
||
et al. Pharmacokinetics of coadministration of guanfacine extended release and methylphenidate extended release. Drugs in R & D. 2013; 13(1):53–61 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3627016/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3627016</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23519656" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23519656</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>537.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref537">Roesch
|
||
B, Corcoran
|
||
ME, Fetterolf
|
||
J, Haffey
|
||
M, Martin
|
||
P, Preston
|
||
P
|
||
et al. Pharmacokinetics of coadministered guanfacine extended release and lisdexamfetamine dimesylate. Drugs in R & D. 2013; 13(2):119–28 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3689918/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3689918</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23615868" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23615868</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>538.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref538">Rosler
|
||
M, Fischer
|
||
R, Ammer
|
||
R, Ose
|
||
C, Retz
|
||
W. A randomised, placebo-controlled, 24-week, study of low-dose extended-release methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2009; 259(2):120–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19165529" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19165529</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>539.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref539">Rosler
|
||
M, Ginsberg
|
||
Y, Arngrim
|
||
T, Adamou
|
||
M, Niemela
|
||
A, Dejonkheere
|
||
J
|
||
et al. Correlation of symptomatic improvements with functional improvements and patient-reported outcomes in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with OROS methylphenidate. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2013; 14(4):282–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21517701" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21517701</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>540.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref540">Rosler
|
||
M, Retz
|
||
W, Fischer
|
||
R, Ose
|
||
C, Alm
|
||
B, Deckert
|
||
J
|
||
et al. Twenty-four-week treatment with extended release methylphenidate improves emotional symptoms in adult ADHD. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2010; 11(5):709–718 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20353312" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20353312</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>541.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref541">Rubia
|
||
K, Halari
|
||
R, Cubillo
|
||
A, Mohammad
|
||
AM, Brammer
|
||
M, Taylor
|
||
E. Methylphenidate normalises activation and functional connectivity deficits in attention and motivation networks in medication-naive children with ADHD during a rewarded continuous performance task. Neuropharmacology. 2009; 57(7–8):640–652 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19715709" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19715709</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>542.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref542">Rubia
|
||
K, Halari
|
||
R, Cubillo
|
||
A, Smith
|
||
AB, Mohammad
|
||
AM, Brammer
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate normalizes fronto-striatal underactivation during interference inhibition in medication-naive boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011; 36(8):1575–86 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3116801/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3116801</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21451498" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21451498</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>543.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref543">Rubia
|
||
K, Halari
|
||
R, Mohammad
|
||
AM, Taylor
|
||
E, Brammer
|
||
M. Methylphenidate normalizes frontocingulate underactivation during error processing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2011; 70(3):255–62 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3139835/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3139835</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21664605" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21664605</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>544.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref544">Safavi
|
||
P, Hasanpour-Dehkordi
|
||
A, AmirAhmadi
|
||
M. Comparison of risperidone and aripiprazole in the treatment of preschool children with disruptive behavior disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (update): FINAL and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 2016; 7(2):43–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4850767/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4850767</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27144151" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27144151</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>545.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref545">Sahin
|
||
S, Yuce
|
||
M, Alacam
|
||
H, Karabekiroglu
|
||
K, Say
|
||
GN, Salis
|
||
O. Effect of methylphenidate treatment on appetite and levels of leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 2014; 18(4):280–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24994482" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24994482</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>546.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref546">Salehi
|
||
B, Imani
|
||
R, Mohammadi
|
||
MR, Fallah
|
||
J, Mohammadi
|
||
M, Ghanizadeh
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Ginkgo biloba for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A double blind, randomized controlled trial. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2010; 34(1):76–80 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19815048" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19815048</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>547.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref547">Sallee
|
||
FR, Kollins
|
||
SH, Wigal
|
||
TL. Efficacy of guanfacine extended release in the treatment of combined and inattentive only subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2012; 22(3):206–14 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3373219/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3373219</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22612526" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22612526</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>548.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref548">Sallee
|
||
FR, Lyne
|
||
A, Wigal
|
||
T, McGough
|
||
JJ. Long-term safety and efficacy of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(3):215–26 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19519256" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19519256</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>549.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref549">Sallee
|
||
FR, McGough
|
||
J, Wigal
|
||
T, Donahue
|
||
J, Lyne
|
||
A, Biederman
|
||
J
|
||
et al. Guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2009; 48(2):155–65 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19106767" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19106767</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>550.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref550">Sandler
|
||
AD, Bodfish
|
||
JW. Open-label use of placebos in the treatment of ADHD: a pilot study. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2008; 34(1):104–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18171451" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18171451</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>551.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref551">Sandler
|
||
AD, Glesne
|
||
CE, Bodfish
|
||
JW. Conditioned placebo dose reduction: A new treatment in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder?
|
||
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 2010; 31(5):369–375 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2902360/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2902360</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20495473" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20495473</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>552.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref552">Santisteban
|
||
JA, Stein
|
||
MA, Bergmame
|
||
L, Gruber
|
||
R. Effect of extended-release dexmethylphenidate and mixed amphetamine salts on sleep: a double-blind, randomized, crossover study in youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. CNS Drugs. 2014; 28(9):825–33 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4362706/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4362706</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25056567" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25056567</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>553.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref553">Santosh
|
||
PJ, Baird
|
||
G, Pityaratstian
|
||
N, Tavare
|
||
E, Gringras
|
||
P. Impact of comorbid autism spectrum disorders on stimulant response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a retrospective and prospective effectiveness study. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2006; 32(5):575–83 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16919137" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16919137</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>554.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref554">Say
|
||
GN, Karabekiroglu
|
||
K, Yuce
|
||
M. Factors related to methylphenidate response in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A retrospective study. Düşünen Adam: Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2015; 28(4):319–327</div></dd><dt>555.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref555">Sayer
|
||
GR, McGough
|
||
JJ, Levitt
|
||
J, Cowen
|
||
J, Sturm
|
||
A, Castelo
|
||
E
|
||
et al. Acute and long-term cardiovascular effects of stimulant, guanfacine, and combination therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2016; 26(10):882–888 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5178010/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5178010</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27483130" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27483130</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>556.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref556">Scahill
|
||
L, Chappell
|
||
PB, Kim
|
||
YS, Schultz
|
||
RT, Katsovich
|
||
L, Shepherd
|
||
E
|
||
et al. A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001; 158(7):1067–74 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11431228" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11431228</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>557.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref557">Scahill
|
||
L, McCracken
|
||
JT, King
|
||
BH, Rockhill
|
||
C, Shah
|
||
B, Politte
|
||
L
|
||
et al. Extended-release guanfacine for hyperactivity in children with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2015; 172(12):1197–206 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26315981" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26315981</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>558.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref558">Schachar
|
||
R, Ickowicz
|
||
A, Crosbie
|
||
J, Donnelly
|
||
GA, Reiz
|
||
JL, Miceli
|
||
PC
|
||
et al. Cognitive and behavioral effects of multilayer-release methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2008; 18(1):11–24 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294084" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18294084</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>559.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref559">Schachar
|
||
RJ, Tannock
|
||
R, Cunningham
|
||
C, Corkum
|
||
PV. Behavioral, situational, and temporal effects of treatment of ADHD with methylphenidate. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997; 36(6):754–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9183129" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9183129</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>560.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref560">Scheffler
|
||
RM, Brown
|
||
TT, Fulton
|
||
BD, Hinshaw
|
||
SP, Levine
|
||
P, Stone
|
||
S. Positive association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication use and academic achievement during elementary school. Pediatrics. 2009; 123(5):1273–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19403491" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19403491</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>561.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref561">Schrantee
|
||
A, Tamminga
|
||
HG, Bouziane
|
||
C, Bottelier
|
||
MA, Bron
|
||
EE, Mutsaerts
|
||
HJ
|
||
et al. Age-dependent effects of methylphenidate on the human dopaminergic system in young vs adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016; 73(9):955–62 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5267166/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5267166</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27487479" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27487479</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>562.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref562">Schulz
|
||
E, Fleischhaker
|
||
C, Hennighausen
|
||
K, Heiser
|
||
P, Haessler
|
||
F, Linder
|
||
M
|
||
et al. A randomized, rater-blinded, crossover study comparing the clinical efficacy of Ritalin() LA (methylphenidate) treatment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder under different breakfast conditions over 2 weeks. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2010; 2(3):133–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21432599" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21432599</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>563.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref563">Schulz
|
||
E, Fleischhaker
|
||
C, Hennighausen
|
||
K, Heiser
|
||
P, Oehler
|
||
KU, Linder
|
||
M
|
||
et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo/active controlled crossover evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Ritalin la in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a laboratory classroom setting. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2010; 20(5):377–385 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20973708" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20973708</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>564.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref564">Sciberras
|
||
E, Fulton
|
||
M, Efron
|
||
D, Oberklaid
|
||
F, Hiscock
|
||
H. Managing sleep problems in school aged children with ADHD: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Sleep Medicine. 2011; 12(9):932–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22005602" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22005602</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>565.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref565">Shakibaei
|
||
F, Radmanesh
|
||
M, Salari
|
||
E, Mahaki
|
||
B. Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. A randomized, placebo-controlled, trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2015; 21(2):61–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25925875" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25925875</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>566.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref566">Shang
|
||
CY, Pan
|
||
YL, Lin
|
||
HY, Huang
|
||
LW, Gau
|
||
SS. An open-label, randomized trial of methylphenidate and atomoxetine treatment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2015; 25(7):566–73 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26222447" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26222447</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>567.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref567">Shang
|
||
CY, Yan
|
||
CG, Lin
|
||
HY, Tseng
|
||
WY, Castellanos
|
||
FX, Gau
|
||
SS. Differential effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on intrinsic brain activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Medicine. 2016; 46(15):3173–3185 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27574878" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27574878</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>568.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref568">Sharp
|
||
WS, Walter
|
||
JM, Marsh
|
||
WL, Ritchie
|
||
GF, Hamburger
|
||
SD, Castellanos
|
||
FX. ADHD in girls: clinical comparability of a research sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999; 38(1):40–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9893415" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9893415</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>569.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref569">Shaywitz
|
||
S, Shaywitz
|
||
B, Wietecha
|
||
L, Wigal
|
||
S, McBurnett
|
||
K, Williams
|
||
D
|
||
et al. Effect of atomoxetine treatment on reading and phonological skills in children with dyslexia or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid dyslexia in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2016; 13:13 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5327054/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5327054</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27410907" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27410907</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>570.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref570">Shea
|
||
S, Turgay
|
||
A, Carroll
|
||
A, Schulz
|
||
M, Orlik
|
||
H, Smith
|
||
I
|
||
et al. Risperidone in the treatment of disruptive behavioral symptoms in children with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatrics. 2004; 114(5):e634–41 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15492353" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15492353</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>571.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref571">Shin
|
||
JY, Roughead
|
||
EE, Park
|
||
BJ, Pratt
|
||
NL. Cardiovascular safety of methylphenidate among children and young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): nationwide self controlled case series study. BMJ. 2016; 353:i2550 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4887614/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4887614</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27245699" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27245699</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>572.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref572">Short
|
||
EJ, Manos
|
||
MJ, Findling
|
||
RL, Schubel
|
||
EA. A prospective study of stimulant response in preschool children: insights from ROC analyses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2004; 43(3):251–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15076257" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15076257</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>573.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref573">Shytle
|
||
RD, Silver
|
||
AA, Wilkinson
|
||
BJ, Sanberg
|
||
PR. A pilot controlled trial of transdermal nicotine in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2002; 3(3):150–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12478880" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12478880</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>574.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref574">Sikirica
|
||
V, Findling
|
||
RL, Signorovitch
|
||
J, Erder
|
||
MH, Dammerman
|
||
R, Hodgkins
|
||
P
|
||
et al. Comparative efficacy of guanfacine extended release versus atomoxetine for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: applying matching-adjusted indirect comparison methodology. CNS Drugs. 2013; 27(11):943–53 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3824845/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3824845</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23975660" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23975660</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>575.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref575">Sikirica
|
||
V, Xie
|
||
J, He
|
||
TL, Erder
|
||
MH, Hodgkins
|
||
P, Yang
|
||
H
|
||
et al. Immediate-release versus extended-release guanfacine for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Pharmacy Benefits. 2013; 5(4):e85–e94</div></dd><dt>576.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref576">Silva
|
||
R, Muniz
|
||
R, McCague
|
||
K, Childress
|
||
A, Brams
|
||
M, Mao
|
||
A. Treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results of a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, crossover study of extended-release dexmethylphenidate and D,L-methylphenidate and placebo in a laboratory classroom setting. Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 2008; 41(1):19–33 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18362868" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18362868</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>577.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref577">Silva
|
||
RR, Brams
|
||
M, McCague
|
||
K, Pestreich
|
||
L, Muniz
|
||
R. Extended-release dexmethylphenidate 30 mg/d versus 20 mg/d: duration of attention, behavior, and performance benefits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Neuropharmacology. 2013; 36(4):117–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23860345" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23860345</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>578.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref578">Silva
|
||
RR, Muniz
|
||
R, Pestreich
|
||
L, Brams
|
||
M, Mao
|
||
AR, Childress
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008; 47(2):199–208 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18176337" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18176337</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>579.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref579">Simonoff
|
||
E, Taylor
|
||
E, Baird
|
||
G, Bernard
|
||
S, Chadwick
|
||
O, Liang
|
||
H
|
||
et al. Randomized controlled double-blind trial of optimal dose methylphenidate in children and adolescents with severe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 2013; 54(5):527–35 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22676856" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22676856</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>580.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref580">Singer
|
||
HS, Brown
|
||
J, Quaskey
|
||
S, Rosenberg
|
||
LA, Mellits
|
||
ED, Denckla
|
||
MB. The treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Tourette’s syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled study with clonidine and desipramine. Pediatrics. 1995; 95(1):74–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7770313" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7770313</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>581.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref581">Sinzig
|
||
J, Dopfner
|
||
M, Lehmkuhl
|
||
G. Long-acting methylphenidate has an effect on aggressive behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2007; 17(4):421–432 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17822338" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17822338</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>582.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref582">Slama
|
||
H, Fery
|
||
P, Verheulpen
|
||
D, Vanzeveren
|
||
N, Van Bogaert
|
||
P. Cognitive improvement of attention and inhibition in the late afternoon in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate. Journal of Child Neurology. 2015; 30(8):1000–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25296928" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25296928</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>583.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref583">Snyder
|
||
R, Turgay
|
||
A, Aman
|
||
M, Binder
|
||
C, Fisman
|
||
S, Carroll
|
||
A. Effects of risperidone on conduct and disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage IQs. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2002; 41(9):1026–36 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12218423" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12218423</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>584.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref584">So
|
||
CY, Leung
|
||
PW, Hung
|
||
SF. Treatment effectiveness of combined medication/behavioural treatment with Chinese ADHD children in routine practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2008; 46(9):983–992 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18692170" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18692170</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>585.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref585">Sobanski
|
||
E, Sabljic
|
||
D, Alm
|
||
B, Baehr
|
||
C, Dittmann
|
||
RW, Skopp
|
||
G
|
||
et al. A randomized, waiting list-controlled 12-week trial of atomoxetine in adults with ADHD. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2012; 45(3):100–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22174029" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22174029</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>586.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref586">Sobanski
|
||
E, Schredl
|
||
M, Kettler
|
||
N, Alm
|
||
B. Sleep in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) before and during treatment with methylphenidate: a controlled polysomnographic study. Sleep. 2008; 31(3):375–81 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2276739/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2276739</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18363314" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18363314</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>587.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref587">Socanski
|
||
D, Aurlien
|
||
D, Herigstad
|
||
A, Thomsen
|
||
PH, Larsen
|
||
TK. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and interictal epileptiform discharges: it is safe to use methylphenidate?
|
||
Seizure. 2015; 25:80–3 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25645642" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25645642</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>588.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref588">Solanto
|
||
M, Newcorn
|
||
J, Vail
|
||
L, Gilbert
|
||
S, Ivanov
|
||
I, Lara
|
||
R. Stimulant drug response in the predominantly inattentive and combined subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(6):663–671 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2830210/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2830210</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20035584" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20035584</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>589.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref589">Sonuga-Barke
|
||
EJ, Coghill
|
||
D, DeBacker
|
||
M, Swanson
|
||
J. Measuring methylphenidate response in attention-deficit/hyperactvity disorder: how are laboratory classroom-based measures related to parent ratings?
|
||
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(6):691–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20035587" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20035587</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>590.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref590">Sonuga-Barke
|
||
EJ, Coghill
|
||
D, Markowitz
|
||
JS, Swanson
|
||
JM, Vandenberghe
|
||
M, Hatch
|
||
SJ. Sex differences in the response of children with ADHD to once-daily formulations of methylphenidate. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007; 46(6):701–10 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17513982" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17513982</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>591.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref591">Sonuga-Barke
|
||
EJ, Coghill
|
||
D, Wigal
|
||
T, DeBacker
|
||
M, Swanson
|
||
J. Adverse reactions to methylphenidate treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: structure and associations with clinical characteristics and symptom control. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(6):683–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20035586" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20035586</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>592.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref592">Sonuga-Barke
|
||
EJ, Van Lier
|
||
P, Swanson
|
||
JM, Coghill
|
||
D, Wigal
|
||
S, Vandenberghe
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Heterogeneity in the pharmacodynamics of two long-acting methylphenidate formulations for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A growth mixture modelling analysis. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008; 17(4):245–54 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18071840" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18071840</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>593.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref593">Spencer
|
||
SV, Hawk
|
||
LW, Jr., Richards
|
||
JB, Shiels
|
||
K, Pelham
|
||
WE, Jr., Waxmonsky
|
||
JG. Stimulant treatment reduces lapses in attention among children with ADHD: the effects of methylphenidate on intra-individual response time distributions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2009; 37(6):805–16 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2709162/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2709162</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19291387" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19291387</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>594.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref594">Spencer
|
||
T, Biederman
|
||
J, Coffey
|
||
B, Geller
|
||
D, Crawford
|
||
M, Bearman
|
||
SK
|
||
et al. A double-blind comparison of desipramine and placebo in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorder and comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002; 59(7):649–56 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12090818" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12090818</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>595.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref595">Spencer
|
||
T, Biederman
|
||
J, Wilens
|
||
T, Doyle
|
||
R, Surman
|
||
C, Prince
|
||
J
|
||
et al. A large, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of methylphenidate in the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2005; 57(5):456–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15737659" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15737659</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>596.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref596">Spencer
|
||
TJ, Adler
|
||
LA, McGough
|
||
JJ, Muniz
|
||
R, Jiang
|
||
H, Pestreich
|
||
L. Efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2007; 61(12):1380–1387 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17137560" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17137560</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>597.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref597">Spencer
|
||
TJ, Adler
|
||
LA, Weisler
|
||
RH, Youcha
|
||
SH. Triple-bead mixed amphetamine salts (SPD465), a novel, enhanced extended-release amphetamine formulation for the treatment of adults with ADHD: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2008; 69(9):1437–1448 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19012813" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19012813</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>598.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref598">Spencer
|
||
TJ, Landgraf
|
||
JM, Adler
|
||
LA, Weisler
|
||
RH, Anderson
|
||
CS, Youcha
|
||
SH. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-specific quality of life with triple-bead mixed amphetamine salts (SPD465) in adults: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2008; 69(11):1766–75 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19026251" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19026251</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>599.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref599">Spencer
|
||
TJ, Mick
|
||
E, Surman
|
||
CBH, Hammerness
|
||
P, Doyle
|
||
R, Aleardi
|
||
M
|
||
et al. A randomized, single-blind, substitution study of OROS methylphenidate (Concerta) in ADHD adults receiving immediate release methylphenidate. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2011; 15(4):286–294 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20495161" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20495161</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>600.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref600">Spencer
|
||
TJ, Sallee
|
||
FR, Gilbert
|
||
DL, Dunn
|
||
DW, McCracken
|
||
JT, Coffey
|
||
BJ
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine treatment of ADHD in children with comorbid Tourette syndrome. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2008; 11(4):470–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17934184" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17934184</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>601.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref601">Stein
|
||
MA, Sikirica
|
||
V, Weiss
|
||
MD, Robertson
|
||
B, Lyne
|
||
A, Newcorn
|
||
JH. Does guanfacine extended release impact functional impairment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? results from a randomized controlled trial. CNS Drugs. 2015; 29(11):953–62 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4653245/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4653245</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26547425" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26547425</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>602.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref602">Stein
|
||
MA, Waldman
|
||
ID, Charney
|
||
E, Aryal
|
||
S, Sable
|
||
C, Gruber
|
||
R
|
||
et al. Dose effects and comparative effectiveness of extended release dexmethylphenidate and mixed amphetamine salts. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2011; 21(6):581–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3243461/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3243461</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22136094" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22136094</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>603.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref603">Steiner
|
||
NJ, Frenette
|
||
EC, Rene
|
||
KM, Brennan
|
||
RT, Perrin
|
||
EC. In-school neurofeedback training for ADHD: Sustained improvements from a randomized control trial. Pediatrics. 2014; 133(3):483–492 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24534402" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24534402</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>604.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref604">Steinhausen
|
||
HC, Bisgaard
|
||
C. Substance use disorders in association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, co-morbid mental disorders, and medication in a nationwide sample. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014; 24(2):232–41 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24314850" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24314850</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>605.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref605">Stocks
|
||
JD, Taneja
|
||
BK, Baroldi
|
||
P, Findling
|
||
RL. A phase 2a randomized, parallel group, dose-ranging study of molindone in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and persistent, serious conduct problems. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2012; 22(2):102–11 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22372512" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22372512</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>606.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref606">Strand
|
||
MT, Hawk
|
||
LW, Jr., Bubnik
|
||
M, Shiels
|
||
K, Pelham
|
||
WE, Jr., Waxmonsky
|
||
JG. Improving working memory in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the separate and combined effects of incentives and stimulant medication. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2012; 40(7):1193–207 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3422611/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3422611</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22477205" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22477205</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>607.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref607">Stray
|
||
LL, Stray
|
||
T, Iversen
|
||
S, Ruud
|
||
A, Ellertsen
|
||
B. Methylphenidate improves motor functions in children diagnosed with Hyperkinetic Disorder. Behavioral and Brain Functions. 2009; 5:21 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2686715/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2686715</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19439096" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19439096</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>608.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref608">Su
|
||
Y, Yang
|
||
L, Stein
|
||
MA, Cao
|
||
Q, Wang
|
||
Y. Osmotic Release Oral System Methylphenidate Versus Atomoxetine for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Chinese Youth: 8-Week Comparative Efficacy and 1-Year Follow-Up. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2016; 26(4):362–71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26779845" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26779845</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>609.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref609">Suehs
|
||
BT, Sikirica
|
||
V, Mudumby
|
||
P, Dufour
|
||
R, Patel
|
||
NC. Impact of a Step Therapy for Guanfacine Extended-Release on Medication Utilization and Health Care Expenditures Among Individuals Receiving Treatment for ADHD. Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy. 2015; 21(9):793–802, 802a–802i [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10398156/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC10398156</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26308226" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26308226</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>610.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref610">Sung
|
||
M, Fung
|
||
DS, Cai
|
||
Y, Ooi
|
||
YP. Pharmacological management in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2010; 44(5):410–28 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20047454" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20047454</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>611.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref611">Surman
|
||
C, Hammerness
|
||
P, Petty
|
||
C, Doyle
|
||
R, Chu
|
||
N, Gebhard
|
||
N
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine in the treatment of adults with subthreshold and or late onset attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder-not otherwise specified (ADHD-NOS): A prospective open-label 6-week study. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 2010; 16(1):6–12 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6493840/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6493840</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20070786" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20070786</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>612.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref612">Sutherland
|
||
SM, Adler
|
||
LA, Chen
|
||
C, Smith
|
||
MD, Feltner
|
||
DE. An 8-week, randomized controlled trial of atomoxetine, atomoxetine plus buspirone, or placebo in adults with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2012; 73(4):445–50 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22313788" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22313788</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>613.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref613">Svanborg
|
||
P, Thernlund
|
||
G, Gustafsson
|
||
PA, Hagglof
|
||
B, Poole
|
||
L, Kadesjo
|
||
B. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine as add-on to psychoeducation in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in stimulant-naive Swedish children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2009; 18(4):240–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19156355" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19156355</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>614.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref614">Svanborg
|
||
P, Thernlund
|
||
G, Gustafsson
|
||
PA, Hagglof
|
||
B, Schacht
|
||
A, Kadesjo
|
||
B. Atomoxetine improves patient and family coping in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Swedish children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2009; 18(12):725–735 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2770135/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2770135</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19466476" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19466476</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>615.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref615">Swanson
|
||
JM, Greenhill
|
||
LL, Lopez
|
||
FA, Sedillo
|
||
A, Earl
|
||
CQ, Jiang
|
||
JG
|
||
et al. Modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study followed by abrupt discontinuation. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006; 67(1):137–47 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16426100" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16426100</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>616.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref616">Swearingen
|
||
D, Pennick
|
||
M, Shojaei
|
||
A, Lyne
|
||
A, Fiske
|
||
K. A phase I, randomized, open-label, crossover study of the single-dose pharmacokinetic properties of guanfacine extended-release 1-, 2-, and 4-mg tablets in healthy adults. Clinical Therapeutics. 2007; 29(4):617–25 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17617285" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17617285</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>617.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref617">Szobot
|
||
CM, Rohde
|
||
LA, Katz
|
||
B, Ruaro
|
||
P, Schaefer
|
||
T, Walcher
|
||
M
|
||
et al. A randomized crossover clinical study showing that methylphenidate-SODAS improves attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents with substance use disorder. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2008; 41(3):250–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18327433" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18327433</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>618.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref618">Takahashi
|
||
M, Takita
|
||
Y, Yamazaki
|
||
K, Hayashi
|
||
T, Ichikawa
|
||
H, Kambayashi
|
||
Y
|
||
et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of atomoxetine in Japanese children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(4):341–350 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19702486" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19702486</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>619.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref619">Takahashi
|
||
N, Koh
|
||
T, Tominaga
|
||
Y, Saito
|
||
Y, Kashimoto
|
||
Y, Matsumura
|
||
T. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system methylphenidate HCl in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Japan. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2014; 15(6):488–98 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24456065" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24456065</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>620.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref620">Tamm
|
||
L, Adinoff
|
||
B, Nakonezny
|
||
PA, Winhusen
|
||
T, Riggs
|
||
P. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes in adolescents with comorbid substance-use disorder. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2012; 38(1):93–100 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3441182/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3441182</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21834613" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21834613</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>621.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref621">Tamm
|
||
L, Carlson
|
||
CL. Task demands interact with the single and combined effects of medication and contingencies on children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2007; 10(4):372–80 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17449836" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17449836</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>622.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref622">Taragin
|
||
D, Berman
|
||
S, Zelnik
|
||
N, Karni
|
||
A, Tirosh
|
||
E. Parents’ attitudes toward methylphenidate using n-of-1 trial: a pilot study. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2013; 5(2):105–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23242806" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23242806</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>623.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref623">Taylor
|
||
FB, Russo
|
||
J. Efficacy of modafinil compared to dextroamphetamine for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2000; 10(4):311–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11191692" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11191692</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>624.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref624">Taylor
|
||
FB, Russo
|
||
J. Comparing guanfacine and dextroamphetamine for the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2001; 21(2):223–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11270920" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11270920</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>625.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref625">Tebartz van Elst
|
||
L, Maier
|
||
S, Kloppel
|
||
S, Graf
|
||
E, Killius
|
||
C, Rump
|
||
M
|
||
et al. The effect of methylphenidate intake on brain structure in adults with ADHD in a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. 2016; 41(6):422–430 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5082513/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5082513</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27575717" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27575717</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>626.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref626">Tehrani-Doost
|
||
M, Moallemi
|
||
S, Shahrivar
|
||
Z. An open-label trial of reboxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2008; 18(2):179–84 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18439114" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18439114</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>627.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref627">Tellechea
|
||
N GA, Barros
|
||
HT, Hibig
|
||
A. Efficacy of imipramine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. International Pediatrics. 1991; 6(4):343–346</div></dd><dt>628.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref628">Ter-Stepanian
|
||
M, Grizenko
|
||
N, Zappitelli
|
||
M, Joober
|
||
R. Clinical response to methylphenidate in children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2010; 55(5):305–12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20482957" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20482957</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>629.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref629">Thomson
|
||
A, Maltezos
|
||
S, Paliokosta
|
||
E, Xenitidis
|
||
K. Amfetamine for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in people with intellectual disabilities. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2009; (1):CD007009 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7388934/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7388934</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19160313" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19160313</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>630.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref630">Thomson
|
||
A, Maltezos
|
||
S, Paliokosta
|
||
E, Xenitidis
|
||
K. Risperidone for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in people with intellectual disabilities. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
||
2009, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD007011. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007011.pub2. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7387848/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7387848</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19370667" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19370667</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007011.pub2" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd><dt>631.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref631">Thurstone
|
||
C, Riggs
|
||
PD, Salomonsen-Sautel
|
||
S, Mikulich-Gilbertson
|
||
SK. Randomized, controlled trial of atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents with substance use disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010; 49(6):573–582 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2876346/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2876346</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20494267" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20494267</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>632.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref632">Torgersen
|
||
T, Gjervan
|
||
B, Nordahl
|
||
HM, Rasmussen
|
||
K. Predictive factors for more than 3 years’ duration of central stimulant treatment in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a retrospective, naturalistic study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2012; 32(5):645–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22926598" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22926598</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>633.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref633">Torrioli
|
||
MG, Vernacotola
|
||
S, Peruzzi
|
||
L, Tabolacci
|
||
E, Mila
|
||
M, Militerni
|
||
R
|
||
et al. A double-blind, parallel, multicenter comparison of L-acetylcarnitine with placebo on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in fragile X syndrome boys. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 2008; 146A(7):803–12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18286595" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18286595</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>634.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref634">Treatment of ADHD in children with tics. American Journal of Nursing. 2002; 102(9):24D</div></dd><dt>635.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref635">Treatment of ADHD in children with tics: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2002; 58(4):527–36 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11865128" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11865128</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>636.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref636">Trzepacz
|
||
PT, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Zhang
|
||
S, Bangs
|
||
ME, Witte
|
||
MM, Desaiah
|
||
D. Effect of atomoxetine on Tanner stage sexual development in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: 18-month results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2011; 27:(Suppl 2):45–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21973230" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21973230</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>637.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref637">Tucha
|
||
L, Tucha
|
||
O, Sontag
|
||
TA, Stasik
|
||
D, Laufkötter
|
||
R, Lange
|
||
KW. Differential effects of methylphenidate on problem solving in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2011; 15(2):161–173 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20484710" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20484710</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>638.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref638">Upadhyaya
|
||
H, Ramos-Quiroga
|
||
JA, Adler
|
||
LA, Williams
|
||
D, Tanaka
|
||
Y, Lane
|
||
JR
|
||
et al. Maintenance of response after open-label treatment with atomoxetine hydrochloride in international European and non-European adult outpatients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A placebo-controlled, randomised withdrawal study. European Journal of Psychiatry. 2013; 27(3):185–205</div></dd><dt>639.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref639">Upadhyaya
|
||
H, Tanaka
|
||
Y, Lipsius
|
||
S, Kryzhanovskaya
|
||
LA, Lane
|
||
JR, Escobar
|
||
R
|
||
et al. Time-to-onset and -resolution of adverse events before/after atomoxetine discontinuation in adult patients with ADHD. Postgraduate Medicine. 2015; 127(7):677–85 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26329980" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26329980</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>640.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref640">Valdizan-Uson
|
||
JR, Canovas-Martinez
|
||
A, De Lucas-Taracena
|
||
MT, Diaz-Atienza
|
||
F, Eddy-Ives
|
||
LS, Fernandez-Jaen
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Response to methylphenidate by adult and pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the Spanish multicenter DIHANA study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2013; 9:211–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3573811/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3573811</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23430373" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23430373</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>641.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref641">van der Donk
|
||
ML, Hiemstra-Beernink
|
||
AC, Tjeenk-Kalff
|
||
AC, van der Leij
|
||
AV, Lindauer
|
||
RJ. Interventions to improve executive functioning and working memory in school-aged children with AD(H)D: a randomised controlled trial and stepped-care approach. BMC Psychiatry. 2013; 13:23 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3548701/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3548701</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23311304" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23311304</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>642.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref642">Van Der Heijden
|
||
KB, Smits
|
||
MG, Van Someren
|
||
EJW, Ridderinkhof
|
||
KR, Gunning
|
||
WB. Effect of melatonin on sleep, behavior, and cognition in ADHD and chronic sleep-onset insomnia. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007; 46(2):233–241 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17242627" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17242627</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>643.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref643">van der Kolk
|
||
A, Bouwmans
|
||
CAM, Schawo
|
||
SJ, Buitelaar
|
||
JK, van Agthoven
|
||
M, Hakkaart-van Roijen
|
||
L. Association between quality of life and treatment response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their parents. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics. 2014; 17(3):119–129 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25543115" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25543115</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>644.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref644">van der Meer
|
||
JM, Harfterkamp
|
||
M, van de Loo-Neus
|
||
G, Althaus
|
||
M, de Ruiter
|
||
SW, Donders
|
||
AR
|
||
et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of atomoxetine and placebo on response inhibition and interference control in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2013; 33(6):824–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24018545" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24018545</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>645.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref645">Van der Oord
|
||
S, Prins
|
||
PJ, Oosterlaan
|
||
J, Emmelkamp
|
||
PM. Efficacy of methylphenidate, psychosocial treatments and their combination in school-aged children with ADHD: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2008; 28(5):783–800 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18068284" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18068284</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>646.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref646">Van der Oord
|
||
S, Prins
|
||
PJM, Oosterlaan
|
||
J, Emmelkamp
|
||
PMG. Does brief, clinically based, intensive multimodal behavior therapy enhance the effects of methylphenidate in children with ADHD?
|
||
European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007; 16(1):48–57 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16972117" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16972117</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>647.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref647">Verster
|
||
JC, Bekker
|
||
EM, De
|
||
RM, Minova
|
||
A, Eijken
|
||
EJE, Kooij
|
||
JJS
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate significantly improves driving performance of adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized crossover trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2008; 22(3):230–237 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18308788" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18308788</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>648.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref648">Verster
|
||
JC, Bekker
|
||
EM, Kooij
|
||
JJS, Buitelaar
|
||
JK, Verbaten
|
||
MN, Volkerts
|
||
ER
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate significantly improves declarative memory functioning of adults with ADHD. Psychopharmacology. 2010; 212(2):277–281 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2937141/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2937141</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20645078" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20645078</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>649.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref649">Wang
|
||
Y, Zheng
|
||
Y, Du
|
||
Y, Song
|
||
D, Shin
|
||
YJ, Cho
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine versus methylphenidate in paediatric outpatients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, double-blind comparison trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2007; 41(3):222–230 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17464703" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17464703</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>650.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref650">Warden
|
||
D, Riggs
|
||
PD, Min
|
||
SJ, Mikulich-Gilbertson
|
||
SK, Tamm
|
||
L, Trello-Rishel
|
||
K
|
||
et al. Major depression and treatment response in adolescents with ADHD and substance use disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2012; 120(1–3):214–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3245790/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3245790</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21885210" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21885210</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>651.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref651">Waxmonsky
|
||
J, Pelham
|
||
WE, Gnagy
|
||
E, Cummings
|
||
MR, O’Connor
|
||
B, Majumdar
|
||
A
|
||
et al. The efficacy and tolerability of methylphenidate and behavior modification in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and severe mood dysregulation. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2008; 18(6):573–588 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2680095/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2680095</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19108662" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19108662</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>652.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref652">Waxmonsky
|
||
JG, Waschbusch
|
||
DA, Akinnusi
|
||
O, Pelham
|
||
WE. A comparison of atomoxetine administered as once versus twice daily dosing on the school and home functioning of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2011; 21(1):21–32 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21288121" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21288121</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>653.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref653">Waxmonsky
|
||
JG, Waschbusch
|
||
DA, Babinski
|
||
DE, Humphrey
|
||
HH, Alfonso
|
||
A, Crum
|
||
KI
|
||
et al. Does pharmacological treatment of ADHD in adults enhance parenting performance? Results of a double-blind randomized trial. CNS Drugs. 2014; 28(7):665–77 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24796970" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24796970</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>654.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref654">Weber
|
||
W, Vander
|
||
SA, McCarty
|
||
RL, Weiss
|
||
NS, Biederman
|
||
J, McClellan
|
||
J. Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008; 299(22):2633–2641 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2587403/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2587403</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18544723" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18544723</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>655.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref655">Wehmeier
|
||
PM, Dittmann
|
||
RW, Banaschewski
|
||
T, Schacht
|
||
A. Does stimulant pretreatment modify atomoxetine effects on core symptoms of ADHD in children assessed by quantitative measurement technology?
|
||
Journal of Attention Disorders. 2014; 18(2):105–16 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22617861" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22617861</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>656.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref656">Wehmeier
|
||
PM, Dittmann
|
||
RW, Schacht
|
||
A, Minarzyk
|
||
A, Lehmann
|
||
M, Sevecke
|
||
K
|
||
et al. Effectiveness of atomoxetine and quality of life in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as perceived by patients, parents, and physicians in an open-label study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2007; 17(6):813–30 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18315453" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18315453</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>657.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref657">Wehmeier
|
||
PM, Kipp
|
||
L, Banaschewski
|
||
T, Dittmann
|
||
RW, Schacht
|
||
A. Does comorbid disruptive behavior modify the effects of atomoxetine on ADHD symptoms as measured by a continuous performance test and a motion tracking device?
|
||
Journal of Attention Disorders. 2015; 19(7):591–602 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22930789" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22930789</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>658.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref658">Wehmeier
|
||
PM, Schacht
|
||
A, Ulberstad
|
||
F, Lehmann
|
||
M, Schneider-Fresenius
|
||
C, Lehmkuhl
|
||
G
|
||
et al. Does atomoxetine improve executive function, inhibitory control, and hyperactivity? Results from a placebo-controlled trial using quantitative measurement technology. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2012; 32(5):653–60 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22926599" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22926599</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>659.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref659">Wehmeier
|
||
PM, Schacht
|
||
A, Wolff
|
||
C, Otto
|
||
WR, Dittmann
|
||
RW, Banaschewski
|
||
T. Neuropsychological outcomes across the day in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with atomoxetine: results from a placebo-controlled study using a computer-based continuous performance test combined with an infra-red motion-tracking device. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2011; 21(5):433–44 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22040189" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22040189</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>660.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref660">Weisler
|
||
R, Young
|
||
J, Mattingly
|
||
G, Gao
|
||
J, Squires
|
||
L, Adler
|
||
L
|
||
et al. Long-term safety and effectiveness of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CNS Spectrums. 2009; 14(10):573–85 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20095369" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20095369</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>661.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref661">Weisler
|
||
RH, Pandina
|
||
GJ, Daly
|
||
EJ, Cooper
|
||
K, Gassmann-Mayer
|
||
C, Investigators
|
||
ATTS. Randomized clinical study of a histamine H3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. CNS Drugs. 2012; 26(5):421–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22519922" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22519922</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>662.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref662">Weiss
|
||
M, Hechtman
|
||
L. A randomized double-blind trial of paroxetine and/or dextroamphetamine and problem-focused therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2006; 67(4):611–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16669726" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16669726</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>663.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref663">Weiss
|
||
M, Murray
|
||
C, Wasdell
|
||
M, Greenfield
|
||
B, Giles
|
||
L, Hechtman
|
||
L. A randomized controlled trial of CBT therapy for adults with ADHD with and without medication. BMC Psychiatry. 2012; 12:30 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3414742/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3414742</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22480189" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22480189</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>664.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref664">Weiss
|
||
M, Tannock
|
||
R, Kratochvil
|
||
C, Dunn
|
||
D, Velez-Borras
|
||
J, Thomason
|
||
C
|
||
et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled study of once-daily atomoxetine in the school setting in children with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2005; 44(7):647–55 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15968233" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15968233</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>665.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref665">Weiss
|
||
M, Wasdell
|
||
M, Patin
|
||
J. A post hoc analysis of d-threo-methylphenidate hydrochloride (focalin) versus d,l-threo-methylphenidate hydrochloride (ritalin). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2004; 43(11):1415–21 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15502601" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15502601</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>666.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref666">Wender
|
||
PH, Reimherr
|
||
FW, Marchant
|
||
BK, Sanford
|
||
ME, Czajkowski
|
||
LA, Tomb
|
||
DA. A one year trial of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2011; 15(1):36–45 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20071637" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20071637</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>667.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref667">Werry
|
||
JS, Aman
|
||
MG, Diamond
|
||
E. Imipramine and methylphenidate in hyperactive children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 1980; 21(1):27–35 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7358801" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7358801</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>668.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref668">Westover
|
||
AN, Nakonezny
|
||
PA, Winhusen
|
||
T, Adinoff
|
||
B, Vongpatanasin
|
||
W. Risk of methylphenidate-induced prehypertension in normotensive adult smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2013; 15(2):124–32 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3556994/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3556994</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23339731" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23339731</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>669.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref669">Wietecha
|
||
L, Young
|
||
J, Ruff
|
||
D, Dunn
|
||
D, Findling
|
||
RL, Saylor
|
||
K. Atomoxetine once daily for 24 weeks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): impact of treatment on family functioning. Clinical Neuropharmacology. 2012; 35(3):125–33 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22561876" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22561876</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>670.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref670">Wigal
|
||
S, Swanson
|
||
JM, Feifel
|
||
D, Sangal
|
||
RB, Elia
|
||
J, Casat
|
||
CD
|
||
et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and d,l-threo-methylphenidate hydrochloride in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2004; 43(11):1406–14 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15502600" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15502600</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>671.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref671">Wigal
|
||
S, Wigal
|
||
T, Schuck
|
||
S, Williamson
|
||
D, Armstrong
|
||
RB, Brams
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Effect of oros methylphenidate treatment on reading performance in children with ADHD. 163rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2010 May 22–26; New Orleans, LA. 2010;</div></dd><dt>672.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref672">Wigal
|
||
SB, Childress
|
||
AC, Belden
|
||
HW, Berry
|
||
SA. NWP06, an extended-release oral suspension of methylphenidate, improved attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms compared with placebo in a laboratory classroom study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(1):3–10 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3696913/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3696913</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23289899" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23289899</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>673.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref673">Wigal
|
||
SB, Greenhill
|
||
LL, Nordbrock
|
||
E, Connor
|
||
DF, Kollins
|
||
SH, Adjei
|
||
A
|
||
et al. A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study evaluating the time course of response to methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2014; 24(10):562–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4268556/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4268556</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25470572" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25470572</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>674.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref674">Wigal
|
||
SB, Gupta
|
||
S, Heverin
|
||
E, Starr
|
||
HL. Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effect of OROS methylphenidate under different breakfast conditions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2011; 21(3):255–63 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21663428" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21663428</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>675.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref675">Wigal
|
||
SB, Jun
|
||
A, Wong
|
||
AA, Stehli
|
||
A, Steinberg-Epstein
|
||
R, Lerner
|
||
MA. Does prior exposure to stimulants in children with ADHD impact cardiovascular parameters from lisdexamfetamine dimesylate?
|
||
Postgraduate Medicine. 2010; 122(5):27–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20861585" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20861585</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>676.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref676">Wigal
|
||
SB, Kollins
|
||
SH, Childress
|
||
AC, Adeyi
|
||
B. Efficacy and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: sex and age effects and effect size across the day. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Mental Health. 2010; 4:32 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3022598/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3022598</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21156071" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21156071</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>677.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref677">Wigal
|
||
SB, McGough
|
||
JJ, McCracken
|
||
JT, Biederman
|
||
J, Spencer
|
||
TJ, Posner
|
||
KL
|
||
et al. A laboratory school comparison of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (Adderall XR®) and atomoxetine (Strattera®) in school-aged children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2005; 9(1):275–289 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16371674" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16371674</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>678.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref678">Wigal
|
||
SB, Nordbrock
|
||
E, Adjei
|
||
AL, Childress
|
||
A, Kupper
|
||
RJ, Greenhill
|
||
L. Efficacy of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (aptensio xrtm) in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a phase III, randomized, double-blind study. CNS Drugs. 2015; 29(4):331–40 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4425805/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4425805</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25877989" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25877989</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>679.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref679">Wigal
|
||
SB, Wigal
|
||
T, Childress
|
||
A, Donnelly
|
||
GA, Reiz
|
||
JL. The Time Course of Effect of Multilayer-Release Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Capsules: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Adults With ADHD in a Simulated Adult Workplace Environment. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2016; 17:17 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27756854" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27756854</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>680.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref680">Wigal
|
||
SB, Wigal
|
||
T, Schuck
|
||
S, Brams
|
||
M, Williamson
|
||
D, Armstrong
|
||
RB
|
||
et al. Academic, behavioral, and cognitive effects of OROS methylphenidate on older children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2011; 21(2):121–131 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3080768/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3080768</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21488750" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21488750</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>681.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref681">Wigal
|
||
SB, Wong
|
||
AA, Jun
|
||
A, Stehli
|
||
A, Steinberg-Epstein
|
||
R, Lerner
|
||
MA. Adverse events in medication treatment-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a small, controlled trial of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2012; 22(2):149–56 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22372513" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22372513</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>682.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref682">Wigal
|
||
T, Brams
|
||
M, Gasior
|
||
M, Gao
|
||
J, Giblin
|
||
J. Effect size of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgraduate Medicine. 2011; 123(2):169–76 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21474905" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21474905</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>683.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref683">Wigal
|
||
T, Brams
|
||
M, Gasior
|
||
M, Gao
|
||
J, Squires
|
||
L, Giblin
|
||
J
|
||
et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: novel findings using a simulated adult workplace environment design. Behavioral and Brain Functions. 2010; 6:34 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2908054/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2908054</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20576091" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20576091</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>684.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref684">Wigal
|
||
T, Greenhill
|
||
L, Chuang
|
||
S, McGough
|
||
J, Vitiello
|
||
B, Skrobala
|
||
A
|
||
et al. Safety and tolerability of methylphenidate in preschool children with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006; 45(11):1294–303 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17028508" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17028508</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>685.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref685">Wilens
|
||
TE, Adler
|
||
LA, Tanaka
|
||
Y, Xiao
|
||
F, D’Souza
|
||
DN, Gutkin
|
||
SW
|
||
et al. Correlates of alcohol use in adults with ADHD and comorbid alcohol use disorders: exploratory analysis of a placebo-controlled trial of atomoxetine. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2011; 27(12):2309–20 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3772672/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3772672</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22029549" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22029549</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>686.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref686">Wilens
|
||
TE, Adler
|
||
LA, Weiss
|
||
MD, Michelson
|
||
D, Ramsey
|
||
JL, Moore
|
||
RJ
|
||
et al. Atomoxetine treatment of adults with ADHD and comorbid alcohol use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2008; 96(1–2):145–154 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18403134" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18403134</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>687.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref687">Wilens
|
||
TE, Boellner
|
||
SW, Lopez
|
||
FA, Turnbow
|
||
JM, Wigal
|
||
SB, Childress
|
||
AC
|
||
et al. Varying the wear time of the methylphenidate transdermal system in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008; 47(6):700–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18434918" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18434918</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>688.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref688">Wilens
|
||
TE, Hammerness
|
||
P, Martelon
|
||
M, Brodziak
|
||
K, Utzinger
|
||
L, Wong
|
||
P. A controlled trial of the methylphenidate transdermal system on before-school functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010; 71(5):548–56 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20492851" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20492851</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>689.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref689">Wilens
|
||
TE, Klint
|
||
T, Adler
|
||
L, West
|
||
S, Wesnes
|
||
K, Graff
|
||
O
|
||
et al. A randomized controlled trial of a novel mixed monoamine reuptake inhibitor in adults with ADHD. Behavioral and Brain Functions. 2008; 4:24 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2442604/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2442604</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18554401" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18554401</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>690.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref690">Wilens
|
||
TE, McBurnett
|
||
K, Bukstein
|
||
O, McGough
|
||
J, Greenhill
|
||
L, Lerner
|
||
M
|
||
et al. Multisite controlled study of OROS methylphenidate in the treatment of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 2006; 160(1):82–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16389216" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16389216</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>691.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref691">Wilens
|
||
TE, Robertson
|
||
B, Sikirica
|
||
V, Harper
|
||
L, Young
|
||
JL, Bloomfield
|
||
R
|
||
et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of guanfacine extended release in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2015; 54(11):916–925.e2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26506582" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26506582</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>692.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref692">Williams
|
||
ED, Reimherr
|
||
FW, Marchant
|
||
BK, Strong
|
||
RE, Halls
|
||
C, Soni
|
||
P
|
||
et al. Personality disorder in ADHD Part 1: Assessment of personality disorder in adult ADHD using data from a clinical trial of OROS methylphenidate. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010; 22(2):84–93 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20445835" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20445835</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>693.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref693">Williamson
|
||
D, Murray
|
||
DW, Damaraju
|
||
CV, Ascher
|
||
S, Starr
|
||
HL. Methylphenidate in children with ADHD with or without learning disability. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2014; 18(2):95–104 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22628142" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22628142</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>694.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref694">Winhusen
|
||
TM, Lewis
|
||
DF, Riggs
|
||
PD, Davies
|
||
RD, Adler
|
||
LA, Sonne
|
||
S
|
||
et al. Subjective effects, misuse, and adverse effects of osmotic-release methylphenidate treatment in adolescent substance abusers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2011; 21(5):455–63 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3243465/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3243465</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22040190" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22040190</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>695.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref695">Winhusen
|
||
TM, Somoza
|
||
EC, Brigham
|
||
GS, Liu
|
||
DS, Green
|
||
CA, Covey
|
||
LS
|
||
et al. Does treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) enhance response to smoking cessation intervention in ADHD smokers?
|
||
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010; 71(12):1680–1688 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3151610/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3151610</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20492837" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20492837</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>696.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref696">Winhusen
|
||
TM, Somoza
|
||
EC, Brigham
|
||
GS, Liu
|
||
DS, Green
|
||
CA, Covey
|
||
LS
|
||
et al. Impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment on smoking cessation intervention in ADHD smokers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010; 71(12):1680–1688 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3151610/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3151610</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20492837" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20492837</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>697.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref697">Witt
|
||
KL, Shelby
|
||
MD, Itchon-Ramos
|
||
N, Faircloth
|
||
M, Kissling
|
||
GE, Chrisman
|
||
AK
|
||
et al. Methylphenidate and amphetamine do not induce cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes of children with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008; 47(12):1375–83 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2807376/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2807376</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978633" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18978633</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>698.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref698">Wolraich
|
||
ML, Greenhill
|
||
LL, Pelham
|
||
W, Swanson
|
||
J, Wilens
|
||
T, Palumbo
|
||
D
|
||
et al. Randomized, controlled trial of oros methylphenidate once a day in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2001; 108(4):883–92 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11581440" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11581440</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>699.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref699">Wong
|
||
CG, Stevens
|
||
MC. The effects of stimulant medication on working memory functional connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2012; 71(5):458–66 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4120250/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4120250</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22209640" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22209640</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>700.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref700">Yang
|
||
L, Cao
|
||
Q, Shuai
|
||
L, Li
|
||
H, Chan
|
||
RCK, Wang
|
||
Y. Comparative study of OROS-MPH and atomoxetine on executive function improvement in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012; 15(1):15–26 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22017969" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22017969</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>701.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref701">Yang
|
||
R, Gao
|
||
W, Li
|
||
R, Zhao
|
||
Z. Effect of atomoxetine on the cognitive functions in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with congenital hypothyroidism: a pilot study. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015; 18(8):pyv044 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4571625/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4571625</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25896257" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25896257</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>702.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref702">Yellin
|
||
AM SC, Greenberg
|
||
LM. Effects of imipramine and methylphenidate on behavior of hyperactive children. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavior. 1978; 3(1):15–26</div></dd><dt>703.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref703">Yepes
|
||
LE, Balka
|
||
EB, Winsberg
|
||
BG, Bialer
|
||
I. Amitriptyline and methylphenidate treatment of behaviorally disordered children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 1977; 18(1):39–52 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/320219" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 320219</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>704.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref704">Yildiz
|
||
O, Sismanlar
|
||
SG, Memik
|
||
NC, Karakaya
|
||
I, Agaoglu
|
||
B. Atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD: the efficacy, tolerability and effects on executive functions. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2011; 42(3):257–69 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21165694" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21165694</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>705.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref705">Yildiz Oc
|
||
O, Agaoglu
|
||
B, Sen Berk
|
||
F, Komsuoglu
|
||
S, Karakaya
|
||
I, Coskun
|
||
A. Evaluation of the effect of methylphenidate by computed tomography, electroencephalography, neuropsychological tests, and clinical symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A prospective cohort study. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental. 2007; 68(6):432–49 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3969951/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3969951</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24692774" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24692774</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>706.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref706">Yilmaz
|
||
A, Gokcen
|
||
C, Fettahoglu
|
||
EC, Ozatalay
|
||
E. The effect of methylphenidate on executive functions in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2013; 23(2):162–170</div></dd><dt>707.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref707">Young
|
||
J, Rugino
|
||
T, Dammerman
|
||
R, Lyne
|
||
A, Newcorn
|
||
JH. Efficacy of guanfacine extended release assessed during the morning, afternoon, and evening using a modified Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-revised: Short Form. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2014; 24(8):435–41 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4203148/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4203148</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25286026" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25286026</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>708.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref708">Young
|
||
JL, Sarkis
|
||
E, Qiao
|
||
M, Wietecha
|
||
L. Once-daily treatment with atomoxetine in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Neuropharmacology. 2011; 34(2):51–60 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21406998" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21406998</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>709.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref709">Yucel
|
||
A, Patel
|
||
J, Pise
|
||
MN. Effect of long-acting versus short-acting stimulants for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on emergency room visits using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research. 2015; 6(1):43–46</div></dd><dt>710.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref710">Zarinara
|
||
AR, Mohammadi
|
||
MR, Hazrati
|
||
N, Tabrizi
|
||
M, Rezazadeh
|
||
SA, Rezaie
|
||
F
|
||
et al. Venlafaxine versus methylphenidate in pediatric outpatients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, double-blind comparison trial. Human Psychopharmacology. 2010; 25(7–8):530–535 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20860068" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20860068</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>711.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref711">Zeni
|
||
CP, Tramontina
|
||
S, Ketzer
|
||
CR, Pheula
|
||
GF, Rohde
|
||
LA. Methylphenidate combined with aripiprazole in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized crossover trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2009; 19(5):553–561 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19877980" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19877980</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>712.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref712">Zheng
|
||
Y, Liang
|
||
JM, Gao
|
||
HY, Yang
|
||
ZW, Jia
|
||
FJ, Liang
|
||
YZ
|
||
et al. An open-label, self-control, prospective study on cognitive function, academic performance, and tolerability of osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chinese Medical Journal. 2015; 128(22):2988–97 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4795269/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4795269</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26608976" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26608976</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>713.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref713">Zoega
|
||
H, Valdimarsdottir
|
||
UA, Hernandez-Diaz
|
||
S. Age, academic performance, and stimulant prescribing for ADHD: a nationwide cohort study. Pediatrics. 2012; 130(6):1012–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3507253/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3507253</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23166340" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23166340</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>714.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref714">Zuvekas
|
||
SH, Vitiello
|
||
B. Stimulant medication use in children: a 12-year perspective. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2012; 169(2):160–6 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3548321/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3548321</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22420039" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22420039</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup4"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup4_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch4.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><div id="ch4.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 41</span><span class="title">Review protocol: Adverse events</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What are the adverse events issues associated with pharmacological treatment for people with ADHD?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention</p>
|
||
<p>A review of health economic evidence related to the same review question was conducted in parallel with this review. For details see the health economic review protocol for this NICE guideline.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify the adverse events that may be associated with pharmacological treatments for ADHD so that clinicians can use this information to (a) inform the appropriate choice of treatment in people with contra-indications to treatment and (b) to inform a recommendation on what potential adverse events clinicians should consider monitoring for in people receiving treatment for ADHD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population / disease / condition / issue / domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Children, young people and adults with ADHD</p>
|
||
<p>Stratified by:</p>
|
||
<p>Age – under 5, 5 to 18, over 18</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – interventions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The following treatments (all doses), received for a minimum of 2 weeks:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate modified release</p>
|
||
<p>Dexamphetamine</p>
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine</p>
|
||
<p>Guanfacine</p>
|
||
<p>Clonidine</p>
|
||
<p>Tricyclic antidepressants</p>
|
||
<p>SSRIs</p>
|
||
<p>SNRIs</p>
|
||
<p>MAOIs</p>
|
||
<p>Risperidone</p>
|
||
<p>Olanzapine</p>
|
||
<p>Clozapine</p>
|
||
<p>Haloperidol</p>
|
||
<p>Quetiapine</p>
|
||
<p>Aripiprazole</p>
|
||
<p>Carbamazepine</p>
|
||
<p>Valproate</p>
|
||
<p>Lamotrigine</p>
|
||
<p>Lithium</p>
|
||
<p>Asenapine</p>
|
||
<p>Buspirone</p>
|
||
<p>Bupropion</p>
|
||
<p>Nicotine</p>
|
||
<p>Modafinil</p>
|
||
<p>Melatonin</p>
|
||
<p>Sativex</p>
|
||
<p>Acetylycholinesterase inhibitors</p>
|
||
<p>Antiparkinson medication</p>
|
||
<p>Combinations of the above</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s) / control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
<p>Each other</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p><b>Critical</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l157"><li id="ch4.lt470" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total number of participants with an adverse event</div></li><li id="ch4.lt471" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality</div></li><li id="ch4.lt472" class="half_rhythm"><div>Suicide or suicidal ideation</div></li><li id="ch4.lt473" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac mortality</div></li><li id="ch4.lt474" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac events including tachycardia/palpitations (defined by >/120bpm), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes</div></li><li id="ch4.lt475" class="half_rhythm"><div>Substance abuse</div></li><li id="ch4.lt476" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abnormal growth (height and weight)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt477" class="half_rhythm"><div>Appetite changes</div></li><li id="ch4.lt478" class="half_rhythm"><div>Increase in seizures in people with epilepsy</div></li><li id="ch4.lt479" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychotic symptoms</div></li><li id="ch4.lt480" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep including insomnia</div></li><li id="ch4.lt481" class="half_rhythm"><div>Liver damage (defined by deranged LFTs)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt482" class="half_rhythm"><div>Increased tics</div></li><li id="ch4.lt483" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tremors</div></li><li id="ch4.lt484" class="half_rhythm"><div>Congenital defects amongst patients who are pregnant</div></li><li id="ch4.lt485" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sexual dysfunction</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
<p>Outcomes to be stratified into short term (up to 3 months follow-up) and long term (>3 months follow-up). Where multiple timepoints are reported within each definition, the longest timepoint only will be extracted.</p>
|
||
<p>This review will be looking at specified adverse events and will not include data on the overall number of serious adverse events; these are included in the efficacy review.</p>
|
||
<p>This review will include a narrative summary of the common adverse events reported in the studies for information. Adverse events have been categorised as very common (≥ 1 in 10), common (1 in 100 to 1 in 10), uncommon (1 in 1000 to 1 in 100), rare (1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1000) and very rare (< 1 in 10,000).</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">We will extract data according to the following hierarchy:
|
||
<ol id="ch4.l158"><li id="ch4.lt486" class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative data
|
||
<ol id="ch4.l159" class="lower-alpha"><li id="ch4.lt487" class="half_rhythm"><div>RCTs included in other pharmacological reviews or excluded from other pharmacological reviews for having no relevant outcomes</div></li><li id="ch4.lt488" class="half_rhythm"><div>RCTs excluded from other reviews for excluding participants based on previous response/tolerance of medication only for long term outcomes (≥3 months)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt489" class="half_rhythm"><div>Open label RCTs and non-randomised studies only for long term outcomes (≥3 months)</div></li></ol></div></li><li id="ch4.lt490" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative data for long term outcomes (≥3 months)</div></li></ol>The purpose of including non-randomised studies is to supplement the evidence from randomised studies, particularly for outcomes that require long observation periods with large numbers of participants (which are challenges in randomised study design).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Studies will be excluded if ADHD diagnosis made not using DSM-III or ICD-10 or later versions. Studies evaluating treatments for ADHD in a population of people with autistic spectrum disorder will be included if no formal diagnosis of ADHD is made but there is evidence of moderate to severe symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity and/or inattention through validated symptom questionnaires.</p>
|
||
<p>Crossover trials will be excluded if there is an inappropriate washout period (specific to pharmacokinetics of drug involved)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity / subgroup analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Presence or absence of co-existing conditions (inc. intellectual disability, ASD, epilepsy, affective disorders, tic disorder, personality disorder, addiction, CD/ODD)</p>
|
||
<p>Additional age groups (13–18, 18–25, 25–65, >65)</p>
|
||
<p>Severity (mild, moderate severe)</p>
|
||
<p>Dose (low, medium, high)</p>
|
||
<p>Diagnostic method (DSM vs ICD)</p>
|
||
<p>Region (UK vs Europe vs US vs Japan)</p>
|
||
<p>Titration (fixed dose vs titrated)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening / selection / analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A sample of at least 10% of the abstract lists were double-sifted by a senior research fellow and discrepancies rectified, with committee input where consensus could not be reached, for more information please see the separate Methods report for this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Pairwise meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
|
||
<p>GRADEpro was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
|
||
<p>Endnote for bibliography, citations, sifting and reference management.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Clinical search databases to be used: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO</p>
|
||
<p>Date: From October 2007</p>
|
||
<p>Health economics search databases to be used: Medline, Embase, NHSEED, HTA</p>
|
||
<p>Date: Medline, Embase from 2014</p>
|
||
<p>NHSEED, HTA – from 2008</p>
|
||
<p>Language: Restrict to English only</p>
|
||
<p>Supplementary search techniques: backward citation searching</p>
|
||
<p>Key papers: Not known</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yes, 2009</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg72" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg72</a>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an amendment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch4.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms / duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as appendix/ces [X] of the evidence report.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch4.appd">Appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch4.apph">H</a> (health economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome / study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
|
||
<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
|
||
<p>[Please document any deviations/alternative approach when GRADE isn’t used or if a modified GRADE approach has been used for non-intervention or non-comparative studies.]</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for quantitative analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the separate Methods report for this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a> and the methods section of this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale / context – what is known</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>A <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg72/history" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">multidisciplinary committee</a> developed the evidence review. The committee was convened by the National Guideline Centre (NGC) and chaired by Gillian Baird in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Staff from NGC undertook systematic literature searches, critically appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the evidence review in collaboration with the committee. For details please see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a> and the methods section of this guideline.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding / support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds NGC to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health and social care in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch4.appa.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 42</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objectives</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the clinical review protocols in <a href="#ch4.appa">appendix A</a> above.</p>
|
||
<p>Studies must be of a relevant health economic study design (cost–utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost–consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</p>
|
||
<p>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of health economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</p>
|
||
<p>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</p>
|
||
<p>Studies must be in English.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a health economic study filter – see <a href="#ch4.appb">appendix B</a>. For questions being updated, the search will be run from December 2007, which was the cut-off date for the searches conducted for NICE guideline CG72</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review strategy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2001, abstract-only studies and studies from non-OECD countries or the USA will also be excluded.</p>
|
||
<p>Studies published after 2001 that were included in the previous guideline will be reassessed for inclusion and may be included or selectively excluded based on their relevance to the questions covered in this update and whether more applicable evidence is also identified.</p>
|
||
<p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in <a href="#ch4.apph">appendix H</a> of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref479"><sup>479</sup></a></p>
|
||
<p>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</p>
|
||
<p>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’ then it will be included in the guideline. A health economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the health economic evidence profile.</p>
|
||
<p>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then a health economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the health economic evidence profile.</p>
|
||
<p>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</p>
|
||
<p>Where there is discretion</p>
|
||
<p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include health economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to selectively exclude the remaining studies. All studies excluded on the basis of applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation as excluded health economic studies in <a href="#ch4.appi">appendix I</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p>
|
||
<p>Setting:</p>
|
||
<p>UK NHS (most applicable).</p>
|
||
<p>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</p>
|
||
<p>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</p>
|
||
<p>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</p>
|
||
<p>Health economic study type:</p>
|
||
<p>Cost–utility analysis (most applicable).</p>
|
||
<p>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost–benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–consequences analysis).</p>
|
||
<p>Comparative cost analysis.</p>
|
||
<p>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</p>
|
||
<p>Year of analysis:</p>
|
||
<p>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</p>
|
||
<p>Studies published in 2001 or later (including any such studies included in the previous guideline) but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly from before 2001 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</p>
|
||
<p>Studies published before 2001 (including any such studies included in the previous guideline) will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</p>
|
||
<p>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis:</p>
|
||
<p>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis match with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline.</p>
|
||
<p>Economic evaluations that are based on studies excluded from the clinical review will be excluded.</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual, Oct 2014, updated 2017 <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869</a></p><p><i>For more detailed information, please see the</i> Methodology <i>Review</i>.</p><div id="ch4.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches for were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexed and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the search where appropriate.</p><div id="ch4.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 43</span><span class="title">Database date parameters for search</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (Ovid)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">01 October 2007 – 28 April 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Observational</p>
|
||
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
||
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (Ovid)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">01 October 2007 – 28 April 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Observational</p>
|
||
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
||
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Cochrane Reviews 2007 to 2017 Issue 4 of 12</p>
|
||
<p>CENTRAL 2007 to 2017 Issue 3 of 12</p>
|
||
<p>DARE and NHSEED 2007 to 2015 Issue 1 of 4</p>
|
||
<p>HTA 2007 to 2017 Issue 1 of 4</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PsycINFO (ProQuest)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">01 October 2007 – 28 April 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Observational</p>
|
||
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
||
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch4.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders”/ or attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* or disrupt*) adj3 (adolescent* or adult* or behav* or child* or class or classes or classroom* or condition* or difficult* or disorder* or learn* or people or person* or poor or problem* or process* or youngster*)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* or disrupt*) adj3 disorder*).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adhd or addh or ad hd or ad??hd).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(attenti* adj3 deficit*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((hyperkin* or hyper kin*) adj1 (syndrome* or disorder*)) or hkd).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(minimal brain adj2 (dysfunct* or disorder*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(autistic or autism or asperger*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pervasive developmental disorder*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(asd or pdd or pdd-nos).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/9–12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hyperkinesis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hyperactiv* or inattent* or hyperkin* or hyper-kin*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 or 15</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 and 16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 or 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 18 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20–27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 not 29</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp animal experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–36</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 not 37</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drug therapy.fs.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">groups.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/39–46</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/39–42,44,48–49</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/51–60</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Case control studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cohort studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or nonrandomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/62–69</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 and (50 or 61 or 70)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch4.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">attention deficit disorder/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* or disrupt*) adj3 (adolescent* or adult* or behav* or child* or class or classes or classroom* or condition* or difficult* or disorder* or learn* or people or person* or poor or problem* or process* or youngster*)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* or disrupt*) adj3 disorder*).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adhd or addh or ad hd or ad??hd).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(attenti* adj3 deficit*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((hyperkin* or hyper kin*) adj1 (syndrome* or disorder*)) or hkd).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(minimal brain adj2 (dysfunct* or disorder*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp autism/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(autistic or autism or asperger*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pervasive developmental disorder*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(asd or pdd or pdd-nos).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/9–12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hyperactivity/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hyperkinesia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hyperactiv* or inattent* or hyperkin* or hyper-kin*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/14–16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 and 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 or 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 19 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/21–25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 not 27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/28–35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 not 36</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/38–46</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic or evidence) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/48–57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Family study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 and 46</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or nonrandomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/59–66, 47–73</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37 and (47 or 58 or 74)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch4.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[mh ^“attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders”]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[mh ^“attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity”]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* or disrupt*) near/3 (adolescent* or adult* or behav* or child* or class or classes or classroom* or condition* or difficult* or disorder* or learn* or people or person* or poor or problem* or process* or youngster*)):ti</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* or disrupt*) near/3 disorder*):ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adhd or addh or ad next hd or ad-hd):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(attenti* near/3 deficit*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((hyperkin* or (hyper near/1 kin*)) near/1 (syndrome* or disorder*)) or hkd):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(minimal near/1 brain near/2 (dysfunct* or disorder*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #1-#8)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[mh “Child Development Disorders, Pervasive”]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(autistic or autism or asperger*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pervasive next developmental next disorder*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(asd or pdd or pdd-nos):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #10-#13)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[mh ^hyperkinesis]</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hyperactiv* or inattent* or hyperkin* or hyper-kin*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15 or #16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14 and #17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9 and #18</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch4.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="title">PsycINFO (ProQuest) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SU.EXACT.EXPLODE(“Attention Deficit Disorder”) OR TI((attenti* OR disrupt*) NEAR/3 (adolescent* OR adult* OR behav* OR child* OR class OR classes OR classroom* OR condition* OR difficult* OR disorder* OR learn* OR people OR person* OR poor OR problem* OR process* OR youngster*)) OR AB((attenti* OR disrupt*) NEAR/3 disorder*) OR TI,AB(adhd OR addh OR ad-hd OR ad??hd) OR TI,AB(attenti* NEAR/3 deficit*) OR TI,AB(((hyperkin* OR (hyper-kin*)) NEAR/1 (syndrome* OR disorder*)) OR hkd) OR TI,AB(minimal NEAR/1 brain NEAR/2 (dysfunct* OR disorder*))) OR ((SU.EXACT.EXPLODE(“Autism Spectrum Disorders”) or TI,AB(autistic or autism or asperger*) or TI,AB(pervasive-developmental-disorder*) or TI,AB(asd or pdd or pdd-nos)) AND (SU.EXACT(“Hyperkinesis”) or TI,AB(hyperactiv* or inattent* or hyperkin* or hyper-kin*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(su.exact.explode(“clinical trials”) OR ti,ab((clinical OR control*) NEAR/3 trial*) OR ti,ab((single* OR double* OR treble* OR triple*) NEAR/5 (blind* OR mask*)) OR ti,ab(volunteer* OR control-group OR controls) OR su.exact(“placebo”) OR ti,ab(placebo*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((SU.EXACT(“Literature Review”) or RTYPE(review) or ti(review) or me(literature review)) AND (ti,ab(systematic or evidence or methodol* or quantitative*))) or (SU.EXACT(“Meta Analysis”) or ti,ab(meta-analys* or metanalys* or metaanalys* or meta analys*) or ti,ab((systematic or evidence* or methodol* or quantitative*) near/3 (review* or overview*)) or ti,ab((pool* or combined or combining) near/2 (data or trials or studies or results)) or RTYPE(systematic or meta*) or ME(meta analysis or systematic review))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(su.exact.explode(“longitudinal studies”) or su.exact.explode(“followup studies”) OR SU.EXACT(“Cohort Analysis”) or ti,ab(case-control*) or ti,ab(cohort near/1 (study or studies or analys*)) or ti,ab((follow-up or observational or uncontrolled or nonrandomi?ed or nonrandomi?ed or epidemiologic*) near/1 (study or studies)) or ti,ab((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross-section) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 AND (2 OR 3 OR 4)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limit to English</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NOT (Dissertations & Theses AND Books)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to ADHD population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional searches were run on Medline and Embase.</p><div id="ch4.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 44</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 28 April 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Health economics</p>
|
||
<p>Economic modelling</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014 – 28 April 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Health economics</p>
|
||
<p>Economic modelling</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>HTA - 2008 – 28 April 2017</p>
|
||
<p>NHSEED - 2008 to March 2015</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch4.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders”/ or attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* or disrupt*) adj3 (adolescent* or adult* or behav* or child* or class or classes or classroom* or condition* or difficult* or disorder* or learn* or people or person* or poor or problem* or process* or youngster*)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* or disrupt*) adj3 disorder*).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adhd or addh or ad hd or ad??hd).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(attenti* adj3 deficit*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((hyperkin* or hyper kin*) adj1 (syndrome* or disorder*)) or hkd).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(minimal brain adj2 (dysfunct* or disorder*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 8 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/10–17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 not 19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp animal experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20–26</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 not 27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/29–44</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp models, economic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Models, Theoretical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Models, Organizational/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">markov chains/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Decision Theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/46–54</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 and (45 or 55)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch4.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">attention deficit disorder/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* or disrupt*) adj3 (adolescent* or adult* or behav* or child* or class or classes or classroom* or condition* or difficult* or disorder* or learn* or people or person* or poor or problem* or process* or youngster*)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* or disrupt*) adj3 disorder*).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adhd or addh or ad hd or ad??hd).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(attenti* adj3 deficit*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((hyperkin* or hyper kin*) adj1 (syndrome* or disorder*)) or hkd).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(minimal brain adj2 (dysfunct* or disorder*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 8 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/10–14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 not 16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/17–24</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 not 25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">statistical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic aspect/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 and 28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*theoretical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*nonbiological model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stochastic model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision tree/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/29–38</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*health economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *fee/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/40–52</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 and (39 or 53)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch4.appb.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appb.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((attenti* or disrupt*) adj3 (adolescent* or adult* or behav* or child* or class or classes or classroom* or condition* or difficult* or disorder* or learn* or people or person* or poor or problem* or process* or youngster*))):TI</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((attenti* or disrupt*) adj3 disorder*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((adhd or addh or ad hd or ad??hd))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((attenti* adj3 deficit*))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((((hyperkin* or hyper kin*) adj1 (syndrome* or disorder*)) or hkd))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((minimal brain adj2 (dysfunct* or disorder*)))</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(#9) IN NHSEED, HTA</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><div id="ch4.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20adverse%20events%20of%20pharmacological%20treatment%20for%20people%20with%20ADHD%3F&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of adverse events of pharmacological treatment for people with ADHD?" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of adverse events of pharmacological treatment for people with ADHD?</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p id="ch4.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (2.5M)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch4.appe.s1"><h4>E.1. Pre-school children (under the age of 5)</h4><div id="ch4.appe.s1.1"><h5>E.1.1. Methylphenidate versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Tachycardia%20at%201%20week.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Tachycardia at 1 week." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Tachycardia at 1 week</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%204%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 4 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 4 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%204%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 4 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 4 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Weight(kg)%20at%204%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Weight(kg) at 4 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Weight(kg) at 4 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Height(cm)%20at%204%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Height(cm) at 4 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Height(cm) at 4 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s1.2"><h5>E.1.2. Methylphenidate versus risperidone</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Decreased%20appetite%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Decreased appetite at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Sleep%20(sedation)%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Sleep (sedation) at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Sleep (sedation) at 6 weeks</span></h3></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2"><h4>E.2. Children and young people (aged 5 to 18)</h4><div id="ch4.appe.s2.1"><h5>E.2.1. Immediate release methylphenidate versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%203%20to%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Total participants with adverse events at 3 to 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 3 to 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Tachycardia%20events%20at%208%20weeks%20-%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Tachycardia events at 8 weeks - 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Tachycardia events at 8 weeks - 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%202%0201316%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 2–16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 2–16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%202%0201316%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 2–16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 2–16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Decreased%20weight%20at%202%0201316%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef12.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Decreased weight at 2–16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Decreased weight at 2–16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2014.%20Seizures%20at%203%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef13.jpg" alt="Figure 14. Seizures at 3 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 14</span><span class="title">Seizures at 3 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2015.%20Psychotic%20symptoms%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef14.jpg" alt="Figure 15. Psychotic symptoms at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 15</span><span class="title">Psychotic symptoms at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2016.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%203%020138%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef15.jpg" alt="Figure 16. Sleep (insomnia) at 3–8 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 16</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 3–8 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2017.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef16.jpg" alt="Figure 17. Sleep (insomnia) at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 17</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2018.%20Tics%20at%204%20weeks%20and%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef17.jpg" alt="Figure 18. Tics at 4 weeks and 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 18</span><span class="title">Tics at 4 weeks and 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2019.%20YGTSS%20Rating%20Scale%20at%209%20weeks%20(Tics%20global%20severity%3B%200%02013100%3B%20lower%20scores%20are%20beneficial).&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef18.jpg" alt="Figure 19. YGTSS Rating Scale at 9 weeks (Tics global severity; 0–100; lower scores are beneficial)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 19</span><span class="title">YGTSS Rating Scale at 9 weeks (Tics global severity; 0–100; lower scores are beneficial)</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.2"><h5>E.2.2. OROS methylphenidate versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig19" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2020.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef19.jpg" alt="Figure 20. Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 20</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig20" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2021.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%206%020137%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef20.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef20.jpg" alt="Figure 21. Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 6–7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 21</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 6–7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig21" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2022.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%206%020137%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef21.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef21.jpg" alt="Figure 22. Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 6–7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 22</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 6–7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig22" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2023.%20Decreased%20weight%20(kg)%20at%206%020137%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef22.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef22.jpg" alt="Figure 23. Decreased weight (kg) at 6–7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 23</span><span class="title">Decreased weight (kg) at 6–7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig23" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2024.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef23.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef23.jpg" alt="Figure 24. Sleep (insomnia) at 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 24</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 7 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.3"><h5>E.2.3. IR methylphenidate versus OROS methylphenidate</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig24" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2025.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%203%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef24.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef24.jpg" alt="Figure 25. Total participants with adverse events at 3 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 25</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 3 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig25" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2026.%20Decreased%20appetite%20at%203%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef25.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef25.jpg" alt="Figure 26. Decreased appetite at 3 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 26</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite at 3 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig26" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2027.%20Insomnia%20at%203%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef26.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef26.jpg" alt="Figure 27. Insomnia at 3 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 27</span><span class="title">Insomnia at 3 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig27" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2028.%20Tics%20at%203%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef27.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef27.jpg" alt="Figure 28. Tics at 3 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 28</span><span class="title">Tics at 3 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.4"><h5>E.2.4. Methylphenidate versus no treatment (non-randomised)</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig28" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2029.%20Cardiovascular%20events%20at%206%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef28.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef28.jpg" alt="Figure 29. Cardiovascular events at 6 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 29</span><span class="title">Cardiovascular events at 6 months</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig29" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2030.%20Substance%20use%20at%204.4%20years.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef29.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef29.jpg" alt="Figure 30. Substance use at 4.4 years." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 30</span><span class="title">Substance use at 4.4 years</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.5"><h5>E.2.5. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig30" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2031.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%204%20to%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef30.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef30.jpg" alt="Figure 31. Total participants with adverse events at 4 to 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 31</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 4 to 7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig31" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2032.%20All-cause%20mortality%20at%204%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef31.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef31.jpg" alt="Figure 32. All-cause mortality at 4 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 32</span><span class="title">All-cause mortality at 4 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig32" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2033.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20change%20(mmHg)%20at%204%20to%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef32.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef32.jpg" alt="Figure 33. Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) at 4 to 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 33</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) at 4 to 7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig33" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2034.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%204%20to%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef33.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef33.jpg" alt="Figure 34. Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 4 to 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 34</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 4 to 7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig34" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2035.%20Weight%20change%20(kg)%20at%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef34.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef34.jpg" alt="Figure 35. Weight change (kg) at 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 35</span><span class="title">Weight change (kg) at 7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig35" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2036.%20Decreased%20weight%20at%204%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef35.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef35.jpg" alt="Figure 36. Decreased weight at 4 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 36</span><span class="title">Decreased weight at 4 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig36" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2037.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%204%20to%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef36.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef36.jpg" alt="Figure 37. Sleep (insomnia) at 4 to 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 37</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 4 to 7 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.6"><h5>E.2.6. Lisdexamfetamine versus methylphenidate</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig37" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2038.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20change%20at%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef37.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef37.jpg" alt="Figure 38. Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) change at 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 38</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) change at 7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig38" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2039.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20change%20at%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef38.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef38.jpg" alt="Figure 39. Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) change at 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 39</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) change at 7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig39" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2040.%20Weight%20change%20(kg)%20at%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef39.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef39.jpg" alt="Figure 40. Weight change (kg) at 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 40</span><span class="title">Weight change (kg) at 7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig40" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2041.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef40.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef40.jpg" alt="Figure 41. Sleep (insomnia) at 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 41</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 7 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.7"><h5>E.2.7. Atomoxetine versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig41" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2042.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%206%0201310%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef41.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef41.jpg" alt="Figure 42. Total participants with adverse events at 6–10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 42</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 6–10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig42" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2043.%20All-cause%20mortality%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef42.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef42.jpg" alt="Figure 43. All-cause mortality at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 43</span><span class="title">All-cause mortality at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig43" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2044.%20Suicidal%20ideation%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef43.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef43.jpg" alt="Figure 44. Suicidal ideation at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 44</span><span class="title">Suicidal ideation at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig44" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2045.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20change%20(mmHg)%20at%206%20to%2013%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef44.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef44.jpg" alt="Figure 45. Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) at 6 to 13 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 45</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) at 6 to 13 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig45" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2046.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20change%20(mmHg)%20at%206%20to%2013%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef45.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef45.jpg" alt="Figure 46. Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) at 6 to 13 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 46</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) at 6 to 13 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig46" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2047.%20Change%20in%20weight%20(kg)%20at%206%20to%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef46.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef46.jpg" alt="Figure 47. Change in weight (kg) at 6 to 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 47</span><span class="title">Change in weight (kg) at 6 to 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig47" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2048.%20Weight%20change%20(kg)%20at%206%0201318%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef47.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef47.jpg" alt="Figure 48. Weight change (kg) at 6–18 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 48</span><span class="title">Weight change (kg) at 6–18 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig48" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2049.%20Change%20in%20height%20(cm)%20at%206%20to%208%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef48.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef48.jpg" alt="Figure 49. Change in height (cm) at 6 to 8 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 49</span><span class="title">Change in height (cm) at 6 to 8 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig49" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2050.%20Sleep%20problems%20(insomnia)%20at%206%0201316%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef49.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef49.jpg" alt="Figure 50. Sleep problems (insomnia) at 6–16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 50</span><span class="title">Sleep problems (insomnia) at 6–16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig50" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2051.%20Yale%20Global%20Tics%20Severity%20scale%20scores%20at%207%20to%2018%20weeks%20(high%20is%20good%20outcome%3B%20range%200%0201310).&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef50.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef50.jpg" alt="Figure 51. Yale Global Tics Severity scale scores at 7 to 18 weeks (high is good outcome; range 0–10)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 51</span><span class="title">Yale Global Tics Severity scale scores at 7 to 18 weeks (high is good outcome; range 0–10)</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig51" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2052.%20Tics%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef51.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef51.jpg" alt="Figure 52. Tics at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 52</span><span class="title">Tics at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig52" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2053.%20Sexual%20dysfunction%20at%208%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef52.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef52.jpg" alt="Figure 53. Sexual dysfunction at 8 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 53</span><span class="title">Sexual dysfunction at 8 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig53" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2054.%20Tremor%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef53.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef53.jpg" alt="Figure 54. Tremor at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 54</span><span class="title">Tremor at 6 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.8"><h5>E.2.8. Methylphenidate versus atomoxetine</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig54" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2055.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef54.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef54.jpg" alt="Figure 55. Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 55</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig55" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2056.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef55.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef55.jpg" alt="Figure 56. Systolic blood pressure at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 56</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig56" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2057.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef56.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef56.jpg" alt="Figure 57. Diastolic blood pressure at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 57</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig57" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2058.%20Decreased%20weight(kg)%20at%206%20to%208%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef57.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef57.jpg" alt="Figure 58. Decreased weight(kg) at 6 to 8 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 58</span><span class="title">Decreased weight(kg) at 6 to 8 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig58" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2059.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%208%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef58.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef58.jpg" alt="Figure 59. Sleep (insomnia) at 8 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 59</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 8 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.9"><h5>E.2.9. Methylphenidate versus atomoxetine (non-randomised)</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig59" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2060.%20Weight%20at%2024%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef59.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef59.jpg" alt="Figure 60. Weight at 24 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 60</span><span class="title">Weight at 24 months</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig60" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2061.%20Height%20at%2024%20months.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef60.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef60.jpg" alt="Figure 61. Height at 24 months." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 61</span><span class="title">Height at 24 months</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.10"><h5>E.2.10. Atomoxetine versus lisdexamfetamine dimesylate</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig61" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2062.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef61.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef61.jpg" alt="Figure 62. Total participants with adverse events at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 62</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig62" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2063.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef62.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef62.jpg" alt="Figure 63. Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 63</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig63" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2064.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef63.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef63.jpg" alt="Figure 64. Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 64</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig64" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2065.%20Decreased%20weight%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef64.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef64.jpg" alt="Figure 65. Decreased weight at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 65</span><span class="title">Decreased weight at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig65" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2066.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef65.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef65.jpg" alt="Figure 66. Sleep (insomnia) at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 66</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 9 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.11"><h5>E.2.11. Atomoxetine versus guanfacine</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig66" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2067.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%2010%20to%2013%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef66.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef66.jpg" alt="Figure 67. Total participants with adverse events at 10 to 13 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 67</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 10 to 13 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig67" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2068.%20Decreased%20appetite%20at%2010%20to%2013%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef67.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef67.jpg" alt="Figure 68. Decreased appetite at 10 to 13 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 68</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite at 10 to 13 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig68" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2069.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%2010%20to%2013%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef68.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef68.jpg" alt="Figure 69. Sleep (insomnia) at 10 to 13 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 69</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 10 to 13 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.12"><h5>E.2.12. Guanfacine versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig69" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2070.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%205%20to%2012%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef69.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef69.jpg" alt="Figure 70. Total participants with adverse events at 5 to 12 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 70</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 5 to 12 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig70" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2071.%20Total%20adverse%20events%20at%2015%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef70.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef70.jpg" alt="Figure 71. Total adverse events at 15 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 71</span><span class="title">Total adverse events at 15 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig71" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2072.%20All-cause%20mortality%20at%208%20to%2015%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef71.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef71.jpg" alt="Figure 72. All-cause mortality at 8 to 15 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 72</span><span class="title">All-cause mortality at 8 to 15 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig72" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2073.%20Cardiovascular%20events%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef72.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef72.jpg" alt="Figure 73. Cardiovascular events at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 73</span><span class="title">Cardiovascular events at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig73" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2074.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%208%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef73.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef73.jpg" alt="Figure 74. Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 8 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 74</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 8 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig74" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2075.%20Suicidal%20ideation%20at%208%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef74.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef74.jpg" alt="Figure 75. Suicidal ideation at 8 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 75</span><span class="title">Suicidal ideation at 8 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig75" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2076.%20Decreased%20appetite%20at%208%20to%2013%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef75.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef75.jpg" alt="Figure 76. Decreased appetite at 8 to 13 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 76</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite at 8 to 13 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig76" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2077.%20Psychotic%20symptoms%20at%208%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef76.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef76.jpg" alt="Figure 77. Psychotic symptoms at 8 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 77</span><span class="title">Psychotic symptoms at 8 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig77" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2078.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%208%20to%2013%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef77.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef77.jpg" alt="Figure 78. Sleep (insomnia) at 8 to 13 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 78</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 8 to 13 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig78" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2079.%20Yale%20tic%20severity%20scale%20at%208%20weeks%3B%200%0201350%3B%20lower%20scores%20are%20beneficial.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef78.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef78.jpg" alt="Figure 79. Yale tic severity scale at 8 weeks; 0–50; lower scores are beneficial." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 79</span><span class="title">Yale tic severity scale at 8 weeks; 0–50; lower scores are beneficial</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.13"><h5>E.2.13. Clonidine versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig79" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2080.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%208%20to%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef79.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef79.jpg" alt="Figure 80. Total participants with adverse events at 8 to 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 80</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 8 to 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig80" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2081.%20All-cause%20mortality%20at%208%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef80.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef80.jpg" alt="Figure 81. All-cause mortality at 8 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 81</span><span class="title">All-cause mortality at 8 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig81" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2082.%20Tachycardia%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef81.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef81.jpg" alt="Figure 82. Tachycardia at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 82</span><span class="title">Tachycardia at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig82" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2083.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20change%20(mmHg)%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef82.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef82.jpg" alt="Figure 83. Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 83</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure change (mmHg) at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig83" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2084.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20change%20(mmHg)%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef83.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef83.jpg" alt="Figure 84. Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 84</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure change (mmHg) at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig84" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2085.%20Weight%20change%20(kg)%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef84.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef84.jpg" alt="Figure 85. Weight change (kg) at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 85</span><span class="title">Weight change (kg) at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig85" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2086.%20Psychotic%20symptoms%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef85.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef85.jpg" alt="Figure 86. Psychotic symptoms at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 86</span><span class="title">Psychotic symptoms at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig86" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2087.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%208%20to%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef86.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef86.jpg" alt="Figure 87. Sleep (insomnia) at 8 to 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 87</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 8 to 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig87" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2088.%20Increase%20in%20tics%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef87.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef87.jpg" alt="Figure 88. Increase in tics at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 88</span><span class="title">Increase in tics at 16 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.14"><h5>E.2.14. Methylphenidate versus clonidine</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig88" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2089.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef88.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef88.jpg" alt="Figure 89. Total participants with adverse events at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 89</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig89" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2090.%20Tachycardia%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef89.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef89.jpg" alt="Figure 90. Tachycardia at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 90</span><span class="title">Tachycardia at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig90" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2091.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef90.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef90.jpg" alt="Figure 91. Systolic blood pressure at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 91</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig91" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2092.%20Weight%20changes(kg)%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef91.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef91.jpg" alt="Figure 92. Weight changes(kg) at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 92</span><span class="title">Weight changes(kg) at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig92" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2093.%20Psychotic%20symptoms%20(hallucinations)%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef92.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef92.jpg" alt="Figure 93. Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations) at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 93</span><span class="title">Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations) at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig93" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2094.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef93.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef93.jpg" alt="Figure 94. Sleep (insomnia) at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 94</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 16 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig94" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2095.%20Increase%20in%20tics%20at%2016%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef94.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef94.jpg" alt="Figure 95. Increase in tics at 16 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 95</span><span class="title">Increase in tics at 16 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.15"><h5>E.2.15. Clonidine versus desipramine</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig95" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2096.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef95.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef95.jpg" alt="Figure 96. Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 96</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.16"><h5>E.2.16. Desipramine versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig96" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2097.%20Improvement%20of%20tics%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef96.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef96.jpg" alt="Figure 97. Improvement of tics at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 97</span><span class="title">Improvement of tics at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig97" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2098.%20Decreased%20appetite%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef97.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef97.jpg" alt="Figure 98. Decreased appetite at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 98</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig98" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2099.%20Sleep%20(difficulty%20sleeping)%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef98.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef98.jpg" alt="Figure 99. Sleep (difficulty sleeping) at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 99</span><span class="title">Sleep (difficulty sleeping) at 6 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.17"><h5>E.2.17. Methylphenidate versus venlafaxine</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig99" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20100.%20Decreased%20appetite%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef99.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef99.jpg" alt="Figure 100. Decreased appetite at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 100</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig100" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20101.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef100.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef100.jpg" alt="Figure 101. Sleep (insomnia) at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 101</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 6 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.18"><h5>E.2.18. Risperidone versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig101" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20102.%20Weight%20change%20(kg)%20at%2024%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef101.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef101.jpg" alt="Figure 102. Weight change (kg) at 24 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 102</span><span class="title">Weight change (kg) at 24 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig102" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20103.%20Sleeping%20problems%20at%2010%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef102.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef102.jpg" alt="Figure 103. Sleeping problems at 10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 103</span><span class="title">Sleeping problems at 10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig103" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20104.%20Tremor%20at%2010%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef103.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef103.jpg" alt="Figure 104. Tremor at 10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 104</span><span class="title">Tremor at 10 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.19"><h5>E.2.19. Methylphenidate versus buproprion</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig104" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20105.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef104.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef104.jpg" alt="Figure 105. Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 105</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig105" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20106.%20Tachycardia%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef105.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef105.jpg" alt="Figure 106. Tachycardia at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 106</span><span class="title">Tachycardia at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig106" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20107.%20Decreased%20appetite%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef106.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef106.jpg" alt="Figure 107. Decreased appetite at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 107</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig107" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20108.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef107.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef107.jpg" alt="Figure 108. Sleep (insomnia) at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 108</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig108" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20109.%20Tremor%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef108.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef108.jpg" alt="Figure 109. Tremor at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 109</span><span class="title">Tremor at 6 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.20"><h5>E.2.20. Modafinil versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig109" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20110.%20Tachycardia%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef109.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef109.jpg" alt="Figure 110. Tachycardia at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 110</span><span class="title">Tachycardia at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig110" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20111.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef110.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef110.jpg" alt="Figure 111. Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 111</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig111" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20112.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20(mmHg)%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef111.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef111.jpg" alt="Figure 112. Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 112</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig112" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20113.%20Weight%20change(kg)%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef112.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef112.jpg" alt="Figure 113. Weight change(kg) at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 113</span><span class="title">Weight change(kg) at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig113" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20114.%20Decreased%20weight%20at%205%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef113.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef113.jpg" alt="Figure 114. Decreased weight at 5 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 114</span><span class="title">Decreased weight at 5 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig114" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20115.%20Psychotic%20symptoms%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef114.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef114.jpg" alt="Figure 115. Psychotic symptoms at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 115</span><span class="title">Psychotic symptoms at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig115" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20116.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%205%20to%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef115.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef115.jpg" alt="Figure 116. Sleep (insomnia) at 5 to 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 116</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 5 to 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig116" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20117.%20Sleep%20(insomnia)%20at%208%20weeks%20(autism%20population).&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef116.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef116.jpg" alt="Figure 117. Sleep (insomnia) at 8 weeks (autism population)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 117</span><span class="title">Sleep (insomnia) at 8 weeks (autism population)</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2.21"><h5>E.2.21. Methylphenidate versus modafinil</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig117" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20118.%20Participants%20with%20decreased%20weight%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef117.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef117.jpg" alt="Figure 118. Participants with decreased weight at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 118</span><span class="title">Participants with decreased weight at 6 weeks</span></h3></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3"><h4>E.3. Forest plots (Adults)</h4><div id="ch4.appe.s3.1"><h5>E.3.1. Methylphenidate versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig118" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20119.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%205%020138%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef118.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef118.jpg" alt="Figure 119. Total participants with adverse events at 5–8 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 119</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 5–8 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig119" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20120.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%20over%2013%20%02013%2024%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef119.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef119.jpg" alt="Figure 120. Total participants with adverse events at over 13 – 24 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 120</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at over 13 – 24 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig120" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20121.%20Cardiac%20events%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef120.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef120.jpg" alt="Figure 121. Cardiac events at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 121</span><span class="title">Cardiac events at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig121" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20122.%20Cardiac%20events%20at%2024%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef121.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef121.jpg" alt="Figure 122. Cardiac events at 24 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 122</span><span class="title">Cardiac events at 24 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig122" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20123.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef122.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef122.jpg" alt="Figure 123. Systolic blood pressure." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 123</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig123" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20124.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef123.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef123.jpg" alt="Figure 124. Diastolic blood pressure." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 124</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig124" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20125.%20Palpitations%203%020139%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef124.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef124.jpg" alt="Figure 125. Palpitations 3–9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 125</span><span class="title">Palpitations 3–9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig125" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20126.%20Palpitations%2013%20%02013%2024%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef125.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef125.jpg" alt="Figure 126. Palpitations 13 – 24 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 126</span><span class="title">Palpitations 13 – 24 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig126" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20127.%20Decreased%20appetite.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef126.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef126.jpg" alt="Figure 127. Decreased appetite." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 127</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig127" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20128.%20Weight%20change%204%020137%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef127.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef127.jpg" alt="Figure 128. Weight change 4–7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 128</span><span class="title">Weight change 4–7 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig128" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20129.%20Weight%20loss.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef128.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef128.jpg" alt="Figure 129. Weight loss." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 129</span><span class="title">Weight loss</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig129" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20130.%20Anorexia.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef129.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef129.jpg" alt="Figure 130. Anorexia." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 130</span><span class="title">Anorexia</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig130" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20131.%20Psychotic%20symptoms%204%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef130.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef130.jpg" alt="Figure 131. Psychotic symptoms 4 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 131</span><span class="title">Psychotic symptoms 4 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig131" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20132.%20Insomnia%202%020139%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef131.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef131.jpg" alt="Figure 132. Insomnia 2–9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 132</span><span class="title">Insomnia 2–9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig132" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20133.%20Insomnia%2013%0201324%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef132.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef132.jpg" alt="Figure 133. Insomnia 13–24 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 133</span><span class="title">Insomnia 13–24 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig133" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20134.%20Tics%203%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef133.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef133.jpg" alt="Figure 134. Tics 3 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 134</span><span class="title">Tics 3 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig134" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20135.%20Tremor.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef134.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef134.jpg" alt="Figure 135. Tremor." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 135</span><span class="title">Tremor</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig135" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20136.%20Sexual%20dysfunction%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef135.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef135.jpg" alt="Figure 136. Sexual dysfunction 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 136</span><span class="title">Sexual dysfunction 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig136" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20137.%20Sexual%20dysfunction%2024%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef136.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef136.jpg" alt="Figure 137. Sexual dysfunction 24 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 137</span><span class="title">Sexual dysfunction 24 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3.2"><h5>E.3.2. Lisdexamphetamine versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig137" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20138.%20Total%20number%20of%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%202%0201310%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef137.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef137.jpg" alt="Figure 138. Total number of participants with adverse events 2–10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 138</span><span class="title">Total number of participants with adverse events 2–10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig138" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20139.%20Cardiac%20events%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef138.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef138.jpg" alt="Figure 139. Cardiac events 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 139</span><span class="title">Cardiac events 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig139" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20140.%20Decreased%20appetite%202%0201310%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef139.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef139.jpg" alt="Figure 140. Decreased appetite 2–10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 140</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite 2–10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig140" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20141.%20Weight%20change%204%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef140.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef140.jpg" alt="Figure 141. Weight change 4 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 141</span><span class="title">Weight change 4 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig141" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20142.%20Weight%20loss%2010%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef141.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef141.jpg" alt="Figure 142. Weight loss 10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 142</span><span class="title">Weight loss 10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig142" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20143.%20Anorexia%204%20%02013%2010%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef142.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef142.jpg" alt="Figure 143. Anorexia 4 – 10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 143</span><span class="title">Anorexia 4 – 10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig143" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20144.%20Insomnia%20at%202%0201310%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef143.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef143.jpg" alt="Figure 144. Insomnia at 2–10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 144</span><span class="title">Insomnia at 2–10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig144" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20145.%20Sexual%20dysfunction%2010%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef144.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef144.jpg" alt="Figure 145. Sexual dysfunction 10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 145</span><span class="title">Sexual dysfunction 10 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3.3"><h5>E.3.3. Dexamphetamine versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig145" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20146.%20Weight%20change%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef145.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef145.jpg" alt="Figure 146. Weight change at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 146</span><span class="title">Weight change at 6 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig146" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20147.%20Decreased%20appetite%202%020135%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef146.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef146.jpg" alt="Figure 147. Decreased appetite 2–5 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 147</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite 2–5 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig147" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20148.%20Insomnia%20at%202%020135%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef147.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef147.jpg" alt="Figure 148. Insomnia at 2–5 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 148</span><span class="title">Insomnia at 2–5 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3.4"><h5>E.3.4. Atomoxetine versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig148" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20149.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%208%0201310%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef148.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef148.jpg" alt="Figure 149. Total participants with adverse events at 8–10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 149</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 8–10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig149" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20150.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%20at%2012%0201325%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef149.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef149.jpg" alt="Figure 150. Total participants with adverse events at 12–25 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 150</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events at 12–25 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig150" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20151.%20Palpitations.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef150.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef150.jpg" alt="Figure 151. Palpitations." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 151</span><span class="title">Palpitations</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig151" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20152.%20Systolic%20blood%20pressure%2010%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef151.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef151.jpg" alt="Figure 152. Systolic blood pressure 10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 152</span><span class="title">Systolic blood pressure 10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig152" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20153.%20Diastolic%20blood%20pressure%2010%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef152.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef152.jpg" alt="Figure 153. Diastolic blood pressure 10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 153</span><span class="title">Diastolic blood pressure 10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig153" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20154.%20Weight%20change.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef153.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef153.jpg" alt="Figure 154. Weight change." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 154</span><span class="title">Weight change</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig154" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20155.%20Weight%20loss%2010%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef154.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef154.jpg" alt="Figure 155. Weight loss 10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 155</span><span class="title">Weight loss 10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig155" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20156.%20Decreased%20appetite%208%0201310%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef155.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef155.jpg" alt="Figure 156. Decreased appetite 8–10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 156</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite 8–10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig156" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20157.%20Decreased%20appetite%2012%0201325%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef156.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef156.jpg" alt="Figure 157. Decreased appetite 12–25 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 157</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite 12–25 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig157" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20158.%20Insomnia%208%0201310%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef157.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef157.jpg" alt="Figure 158. Insomnia 8–10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 158</span><span class="title">Insomnia 8–10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig158" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20159.%20Insomnia%2012%0201325%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef158.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef158.jpg" alt="Figure 159. Insomnia 12–25 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 159</span><span class="title">Insomnia 12–25 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig159" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20160.%20Sexual%20dysfunction%208%0201310%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef159.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef159.jpg" alt="Figure 160. Sexual dysfunction 8–10 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 160</span><span class="title">Sexual dysfunction 8–10 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig160" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20161.%20Sexual%20dysfunction%2012%0201324%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef160.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef160.jpg" alt="Figure 161. Sexual dysfunction 12–24 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 161</span><span class="title">Sexual dysfunction 12–24 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3.5"><h5>E.3.5. Guanfacine versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig161" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20162.%20Increased%20appetite%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef161.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef161.jpg" alt="Figure 162. Increased appetite 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 162</span><span class="title">Increased appetite 9 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3.6"><h5>E.3.6. Venlafaxine versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig162" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20163.%20Sexual%20dysfunction%20at%206%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef162.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef162.jpg" alt="Figure 163. Sexual dysfunction at 6 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 163</span><span class="title">Sexual dysfunction at 6 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3.7"><h5>E.3.7. Bupropion SR versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig163" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20164.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%207%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef163.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef163.jpg" alt="Figure 164. Total participants with adverse events 7 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 164</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events 7 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3.8"><h5>E.3.8. Bupropion SR versus methylphenidate</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig164" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20165.%20Total%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef164.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef164.jpg" alt="Figure 165. Total participants with adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 165</span><span class="title">Total participants with adverse events</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3.9"><h5>E.3.9. Modafinil versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig165" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20166.%20Total%20number%20of%20participants%20with%20adverse%20events%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef165.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef165.jpg" alt="Figure 166. Total number of participants with adverse events 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 166</span><span class="title">Total number of participants with adverse events 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig166" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20167.%20Suicidal%20ideation%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef166.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef166.jpg" alt="Figure 167. Suicidal ideation 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 167</span><span class="title">Suicidal ideation 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig167" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20168.%20Tachycardia%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef167.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef167.jpg" alt="Figure 168. Tachycardia 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 168</span><span class="title">Tachycardia 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig168" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20169.%20Decreased%20appetite%202%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef168.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef168.jpg" alt="Figure 169. Decreased appetite 2 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 169</span><span class="title">Decreased appetite 2 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig169" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20170.%20Anorexia%20at%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef169.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef169.jpg" alt="Figure 170. Anorexia at 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 170</span><span class="title">Anorexia at 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig170" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20171.%20Psychotic%20symptoms%209%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef170.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef170.jpg" alt="Figure 171. Psychotic symptoms 9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 171</span><span class="title">Psychotic symptoms 9 weeks</span></h3></div><div id="ch4.appe.fig171" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20172.%20Insomnia%202%020139%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef171.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef171.jpg" alt="Figure 172. Insomnia 2–9 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 172</span><span class="title">Insomnia 2–9 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3.10"><h5>E.3.10. Modafinil versus dexamphetamine</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig172" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20173.%20Insomnia%202%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef172.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef172.jpg" alt="Figure 173. Insomnia 2 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 173</span><span class="title">Insomnia 2 weeks</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3.11"><h5>E.3.11. Reboxetine versus placebo</h5><div id="ch4.appe.fig173" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20174.%20Insomnia%204%20weeks.&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appef173.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appef173.jpg" alt="Figure 174. Insomnia 4 weeks." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 174</span><span class="title">Insomnia 4 weeks</span></h3></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="ch4.appf.s1"><h4>F.1. Pre-school children (under the age of 5)</h4><div id="ch4.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 45</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Methyphenidate versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate versus placebo (pre-schoolers)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia (follow-up 1 week)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab1_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/165</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/160</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure (follow-up 4 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab1_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab1_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 5 higher (3.17 lower to 13.17 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure (follow-up 4 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab1_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab1_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 higher (5.18 lower to 7.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased weight (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab1_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.9 lower (5.94 lower to 2.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Height changes (follow-up 4 weeks; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab1_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab1_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 higher (5.41 lower to 5.81 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">No explanation was provided</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 46</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Methyphenidate versus risperidone</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate versus risperidone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (sedation) (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/18</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/20</p>
|
||
<p>(5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.15 (0 to 7.58)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42 fewer per 1000 (from 50 fewer to 235 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab2_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab2_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/18</p>
|
||
<p>(5.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/20</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 8.26 (0.16 to 418.42)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60 more 1000 (from 80 fewer to 190 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s2"><h4>F.2. Children and young people (aged 5 to 18)</h4><div id="ch4.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 47</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IR Methyphenidate versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 3 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>80/155</p>
|
||
<p>(51.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>61/161</p>
|
||
<p>(37.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.36 (1.06 to 1.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">136 more per 1000 (from 23 more to 284 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>17/29</p>
|
||
<p>(58.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>12/40</p>
|
||
<p>(30%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.95 (1.11 to 3.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">285 more per 1000 (from 33 more to 729 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia (follow-up 8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/20</p>
|
||
<p>(5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/20</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.39 (0.15 to 372.38)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50 more per 1000 (from 80 less to 100 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia - (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/29</p>
|
||
<p>(3.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/30</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.65 (0.15 to 385.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30 more per 1000 (from 60 less to 120 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure - (follow-up 2 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.18 higher (0.76 to 5.6 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure - (follow-up 16 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.05 higher (1.75 lower to 3.84 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure - (follow-up 2 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.9 higher (0.37 to 5.43 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure - (follow-up 16 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.2 higher (0.21 lower to 6.61 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased weight - (follow-up 2 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.07 lower (17.03 lower to 14.89 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased weight - (follow-up 16 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">181</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.9 lower (2.61 to 1.18 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Seizures (follow-up 3 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/33</p>
|
||
<p>(12.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/33</p>
|
||
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.33 (0.32 to 5.5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30 more per 1000 (from 62 fewer to 409 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Psychotic symptoms (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/29</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/30</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.06 TO 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) - (follow-up 3 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>40/284</p>
|
||
<p>(14.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10/200</p>
|
||
<p>(5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 5.57 (2.82 to 11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">177 more per 1000 (from 79 more to 317 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) - (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/29</p>
|
||
<p>(3.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/30</p>
|
||
<p>(16.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.21 (0.03 to 1.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">131 fewer per 1000 (from 290 fewer to 20 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Increase in tics - Participants with tic disorder (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/192</p>
|
||
<p>(0.52%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/90</p>
|
||
<p>(4.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.12 (0.01 to 1.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39 fewer per 1000 (from 44 fewer to 1 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Increase in tics - Participants without tic disorder</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/37</p>
|
||
<p>(21.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>7/32</p>
|
||
<p>(21.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.99 (0.4 to 2.42)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2 fewer per 1000 (from 131 fewer to 311 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">YGTSS tics global severity (follow-up 16 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.8 higher (6.28 lower to 9.88 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 48</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: OROS Methyphenidate versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">OROS Methylphenidate versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab4_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>146/219</p>
|
||
<p>(66.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>40/74</p>
|
||
<p>(54.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.23 (0.98 to 1.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">124 more per 1000 (from 11 fewer to 297 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure (follow-up 6–7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">330</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">184</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.98 lower (2.32 to 1.64 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure (follow-up 6–7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">330</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">184</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.83 higher (0.82 lower to 2.48 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased weight (follow-up 6–7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">330</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">184</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 lower (2.23 to 1.77 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) (follow-up 7 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab4_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>6/139</p>
|
||
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/46</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 3.93 (0.6 to 25.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40 more per 1000 (from 0 to 90 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 49</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: IR Methyphenidate versus OROS Methylphenidate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate IR versus OROS methylphenidate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 4 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab5_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>44/95</p>
|
||
<p>(46.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>40/94</p>
|
||
<p>(42.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.09 (0.79 to 1.5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38 more per 1000 (from 89 fewer to 213 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 3 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab5_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab5_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/133</p>
|
||
<p>(3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/139</p>
|
||
<p>(6.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.46 (0.15 to 1.47)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35 fewer per 1000 (from 55 fewer to 30 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 3 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab5_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/133</p>
|
||
<p>(3.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>6/139</p>
|
||
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.87 (0.27 to 2.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6 fewer per 1000 (from 32 fewer to 77 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Increase in tics (follow-up 4 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab5_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/95</p>
|
||
<p>(1.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/94</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.31 (0.15 to 368.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 40 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 50</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Methyphenidate versus no treatment (non-randomised)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate versus no treatment</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cardiovascular events (follow-up mean 6 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab6_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1073/114647</p>
|
||
<p>(0.94%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>350/114647</p>
|
||
<p>(0.31%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.07 (2.72 to 3.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6 more per 1000 (from 5 more to 8 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Substance use (follow-up mean 4.4 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab6_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>65/327</p>
|
||
<p>(19.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>17/61</p>
|
||
<p>(27.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.71 (0.45 to 1.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">81 fewer per 1000 (from 153 fewer to 36 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 51</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Lisdexamfetamine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total any adverse event (follow-up 4–7 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>322/451</p>
|
||
<p>(71.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>79/149</p>
|
||
<p>(53%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 2.2 (1.5 to 3.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">183 more per 1000 (from 98 more to 253 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All-cause mortality (follow-up 4 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/235</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/79</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure (follow-up 4–7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">346</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">189</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.78 lower (2.08 to 1.48 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure (follow-up 4–7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">346</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">189</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.57 higher (0.25 to 0.89 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change (follow-up 7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.8 lower (3.2 to 2.4 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased weight - (follow-up 4–7 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>42/453</p>
|
||
<p>(9.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/151</p>
|
||
<p>(0.66%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 3.66 (1.79 to 7.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17 more per 1000 (from 5 more to 41 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) (follow-up 4–7 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>83/564</p>
|
||
<p>(14.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/261</p>
|
||
<p>(1.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 3.84 (2.34 to 6.31)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51 more per 1000 (from 25 more to 91 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 52</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Lisdexamfetamine versus methylphenidate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Lisdexamfetamine versus methylphenidate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure change (follow-up 7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.5 lower (4.07 lower to 1.07 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure change (follow-up 7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.7 higher (2.05 lower to 3.45 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change (follow-up 7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.8 lower (1.24 to 0.36 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 7 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab8_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>16/111</p>
|
||
<p>(14.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/111</p>
|
||
<p>(8.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.78 (0.82 to 3.85)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">63 more per 1000 (from 15 fewer to 231 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 53</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Atomoxetine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Atomoxetine versus guanfacine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Overall participants with adverse events (follow-up 6–13 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">445/651</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">194/342</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.18 (1.06 to 1.32)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">102 fewer per 1000 (from 34 fewer to 173 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Overall participants with adverse events (follow-up 12 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">65/100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">19/51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.75 (1.19, 2.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">276 more per 1000 (from 71 more to 581 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All-cause mortality (follow up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0/72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0/33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.04 to 0.04</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Suicidal ideation (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0/72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0/33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.04 to 0.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure (follow-up 6–13 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">601</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">432</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.62mmHg lower (1.87 to 1.37 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure (follow-up 6–13 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">544</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">400</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.8mmHg higher (1.67 to 3.93 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Change in height (follow-up 6–8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">353</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">146</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.99cm lower (1.78 to 0.2 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Change in weight (follow-up 6–12 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">566</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">188</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.61kg lower in the intervention group (1.73 to 1.48 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Change in weight (follow-up 12–18 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">654</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">269</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.11kg lower in the intervention group (2.46 to 1.76 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Change in weight; high risk group; anxiety disorders (follow-up 12 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.94kg lower (2.5 lower to 1.38 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased weight (follow-up 6–9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22/323</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5/169</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 2.13 (0.93 to 4.91)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>31 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 2 to 101 more)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (follow-up 6–12 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39/377</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18/263</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.71</p>
|
||
<p>(1.04 to 2.81</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>49 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 3 more to 124 more)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (follow-up 13–16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7/160</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2/16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.85</p>
|
||
<p>(0.32 to 2.29)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 35 fewer to 67 more)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tic severity (YGTSS); 0–100; lower scores are beneficial (follow-up 8–16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7.9 lower in the intervention group (9.35 to 4.85 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tics (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/112</p>
|
||
<p>(7.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>13/114</p>
|
||
<p>(11.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3 (0.71 to 12.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">250 more per 1000 (36 more to 1000 more</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tremor (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1/16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2/16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.5 (0.05 to 4.98)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">62 more pre 1000 (6 more to 623 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sexual dysfunction (follow-up 70 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0/281</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0/113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab9_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 54</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Methylphenidate versus atomoxetine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate versus atomoxetine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab10_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>146/219</p>
|
||
<p>(66.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>149/221</p>
|
||
<p>(67.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.99 (0.87 to 1.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7 fewer per 1000 (from 88 fewer to 88 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure (follow-up 9 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">219</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">221</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.3 lower (0.55 to 0.05 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure (follow-up 9 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">219</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.7 lower (2.84 lower to 1.44 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased weight (follow-up 9 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">383</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">387</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.37 lower (0.6 to 0.14 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) (follow-up 9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab10_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/164</p>
|
||
<p>(3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/166</p>
|
||
<p>(5.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.56 (0.19 to 1.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24 fewer per 1000 (from 44 fewer to 35 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 55</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Methyphenidate versus atomoxetine (non-randomised)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Atomoxetine versus methylphenidate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight (follow-up mean 24 months; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab11_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.31 lower (9.97 lower to 5.35 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Height (follow-up mean 24 months; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab11_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.4 higher (0.16 to 0.65 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 56</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Atomoxetine versus lisdexamfetamine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Atomoxetine versus lisdexamfetamine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total adverse events at 6 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>95/134</p>
|
||
<p>(70.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>92/128</p>
|
||
<p>(71.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.99 (0.85 to 1.15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7 fewer per 1000 (from 108 fewer to 108 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure (Better indicated by lower values) at 6 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 lower (2.15 lower to 1.95 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure (Better indicated by lower values) at 6 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.2 higher (0.79 lower to 3.19 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased weight at 6 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/134</p>
|
||
<p>(6.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>28/133</p>
|
||
<p>(21.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.32 (0.16 to 0.65)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">143 fewer per 1000 (from 74 fewer to 177 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia at 8 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/134</p>
|
||
<p>(6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15/133</p>
|
||
<p>(11.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.53 (0.23 to 1.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">53 fewer per 1000 (from 87 fewer to 24 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 57</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Atomoxetine versus guanfacine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Atomoxetine versus guanfacine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 10–13 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>76/112</p>
|
||
<p>(67.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>88/114</p>
|
||
<p>(77.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.88 (0.75 to 1.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">93 fewer per 1000 (from 193 fewer to 23 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) (follow-up 10–13 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab13_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/112</p>
|
||
<p>(7.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>13/114</p>
|
||
<p>(11.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.63 (0.27 to 1.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">42 fewer per 1000 (from 83 fewer to 51 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 10–13 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab13_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab13_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>31/112</p>
|
||
<p>(27.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15/114</p>
|
||
<p>(13.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.1 (1.2 to 3.68)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">145 more per 1000 (from 26 more to 353 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab13_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 58</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Guanfacine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Guanfacine versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 5–13 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>792/985</p>
|
||
<p>(80.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>287/453</p>
|
||
<p>(63.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.26 (1.07 to 1.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">171 more per 1000 (from 114 more to 234 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 15 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>147/157</p>
|
||
<p>(93.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>120/155</p>
|
||
<p>(77.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.21 (1.1 to 1.33)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">163 more per 1000 (from 77 more to 255 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All-cause mortality (follow-up 8–15 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/409</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/263</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cardiovascular events (follow-up 9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/256</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/66</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Suicidal ideation (follow-up 8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/227</p>
|
||
<p>(0.44%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/113</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 4.47 (0.07 to 286.74)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 20 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure (follow-up 8 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 higher (9.43 lower to 9.83 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 8–15 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>47/498</p>
|
||
<p>(9.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>36/379</p>
|
||
<p>(9.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.17 (0.77 to 1.77)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16 more per 1000 (from 22 fewer to 73 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Psychotic symptoms (follow-up 8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/30</p>
|
||
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/32</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.9 (0.16 to 398.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30 more per 1000 (from 50 fewer to 120 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) (follow-up 8–15 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>36/498</p>
|
||
<p>(7.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>17/379</p>
|
||
<p>(4.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.77 (1.02 to 3.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">35 more per 1000 (from 1 more to 93 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tic severity (follow-up 1 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab14_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.7 lower (8.93 to 0.47 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded due to heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab14_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 59</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Clonidine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Clonidine versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>108/130</p>
|
||
<p>(83.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>56/78</p>
|
||
<p>(71.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.16 (0.99 to 1.36)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">115 more per 1000 (from 7 fewer to 258 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>26/31</p>
|
||
<p>(83.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>12/40</p>
|
||
<p>(30%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.8 (1.7 to 4.6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">540 more per 1000 (from 210 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All-cause mortality (follow-up 8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/172</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/48</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.03 TO 0.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/31</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/30</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.06 TO 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure (follow-up 16 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.1 higher (3.24 lower to 5.44 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure (follow-up 16 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 higher (3.91 lower to 4.11 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight changes (follow-up 16 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.6 higher (0.57 lower to 1.77 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Psychotic symptoms (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/31</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/30</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.06 to 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) (follow-up 8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/172</p>
|
||
<p>(5.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/48</p>
|
||
<p>(2.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.51 (0.33 to 19.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31 more per 1000 (from 14 fewer to 382 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/31</p>
|
||
<p>(16.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/30</p>
|
||
<p>(16.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.97 (0.31 to 3.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5 fewer per 1000 (from 115 fewer to 335 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Increase in tics (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/34</p>
|
||
<p>(26.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>7/32</p>
|
||
<p>(21.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.21 (0.51 to 2.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">46 more per 1000 (from 107 fewer to 407 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 60</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Clonidine versus desipramine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Clonidine versus Desipramine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total Participants with adverse events (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab16_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>28/34</p>
|
||
<p>(82.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>26/34</p>
|
||
<p>(76.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.08 (0.84 to 1.37)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">61 more per 1000 (from 122 fewer to 283 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 61</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Desipramine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Despiramine versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab17_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/21</p>
|
||
<p>(23.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/20</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 8.75 (1.38 to 55.58)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">240 more per 1000 (from 50 more to 430 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (difficulty sleeping) (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab17_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/21</p>
|
||
<p>(19%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/20</p>
|
||
<p>(5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.81 (0.46 to 31.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">140 more per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Improvement of tics (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>11/21</p>
|
||
<p>(52.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/20</p>
|
||
<p>(5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 10.48 (1.49 to 73.88)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">474 more per 1000 (from 25 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 62</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Methylphenidate versus clonidine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate versus Clonidine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total with any adverse events (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>17/29</p>
|
||
<p>(58.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>26/31</p>
|
||
<p>(83.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.7 (0.5 to 0.98)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">252 fewer per 1000 (from 17 fewer to 419 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/29</p>
|
||
<p>(3.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/31</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.92 (0.16 to 399.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30 more (from 50 fewer to 120 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure (follow-up 16 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 lower (4.58 lower to 4.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight changes (follow-up 16 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.7 lower (3.02 to 0.38 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations) (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/29</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/31</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.06 to 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep(insomnia) (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/29</p>
|
||
<p>(3.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/31</p>
|
||
<p>(16.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.21 (0.03 to 1.72)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">127 fewer per 1000 (from 156 fewer to 116 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Increase in tics (follow-up 16 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab18_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/37</p>
|
||
<p>(21.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/34</p>
|
||
<p>(26.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.82 (0.36 to 1.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48 fewer per 1000 (from 169 fewer to 230 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab18_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 63</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Risperidone versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risperidone versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change (follow-up 6 months; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab19_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab19_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.1 higher (0.04 to 2.16 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleeping problems (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab19_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab19_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/19</p>
|
||
<p>(10.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/17</p>
|
||
<p>(29.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.36 (0.08 to 1.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">188 fewer per 1000 (from 271 fewer to 179 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tremor (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab19_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab19_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/19</p>
|
||
<p>(21.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/17</p>
|
||
<p>(11.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.79 (0.37 to 8.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">93 more per 1000 (from 74 fewer to 891 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab19_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab19_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 64</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Methylphenidate versus venlafaxine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate versus venlafaxine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab20_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab20_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>7/18</p>
|
||
<p>(38.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/19</p>
|
||
<p>(10.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.69 (0.88 to 15.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">283 more per 1000 (from 13 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10/18</p>
|
||
<p>(55.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/19</p>
|
||
<p>(10.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.28 (1.34 to 20.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">451 more per 1000 (from 36 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab20_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab20_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab21" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 65</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Methylphenidate versus buproprion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate versus Buproprion</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab21_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab21_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/15</p>
|
||
<p>(60%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/15</p>
|
||
<p>(33.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.8 (0.79 to 4.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">267 more per 1000 (from 70 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab21_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/20</p>
|
||
<p>(10%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/20</p>
|
||
<p>(5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2 (0.2 to 20.33)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50 more per 1000 (from 40 fewer to 966 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite - <3 months (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab21_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab21_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab21_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/35</p>
|
||
<p>(25.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>13/35</p>
|
||
<p>(37.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.52 (0.17 to 1.59)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">136 fewer per 1000 (from 280 fewer to 113 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab21_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab21_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/35</p>
|
||
<p>(22.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10/35</p>
|
||
<p>(28.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.7 (0.21 to 2.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">67 fewer per 1000 (from 208 fewer to 190 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tremor (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab21_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab21_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/15</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/15</p>
|
||
<p>(6.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.14 (0 to 6.82)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">57 fewer per 1000 (from 67 fewer to 261 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab21_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab21_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab21_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab22" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 66</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Modafinil versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Modafinil versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia (follow-up 7 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/120</p>
|
||
<p>(0.83%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/63</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 4.6 (0.07 to 284.33)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 40 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure (follow-up 3–9 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">423</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">213</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.07 higher (1.56 lower to 1.71 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure (follow-up 9 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">197</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.03 higher (2.88 lower to 2.95 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change (follow-up 7–9 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">284</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">145</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.26 lower (1.51 to 1 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased weight (follow-up 5 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/23</p>
|
||
<p>(8.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/23</p>
|
||
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2 (0.19 to 20.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43 more per 1000 (from 35 fewer to 850 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) (follow-up 3–9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>88/417</p>
|
||
<p>(21.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/214</p>
|
||
<p>(3.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 4.12 (2.57 to 6.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">101 more per 1000 (from 53 more to 167 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleep (insomnia) - high risk (autism) (follow-up 8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/48</p>
|
||
<p>(6.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/49</p>
|
||
<p>(10.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.6 (0.14 to 2.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38 fewer per 1000 (from 86 fewer to 121 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Psychotic symptoms (follow-up 7 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/120</p>
|
||
<p>(0.83%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/63</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 4.6 (0.07 to 284.33)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 40 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab23" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 67</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Modafinil versus methylphenidate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab23_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate versus modafinil</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased weight (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab23_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>7/30</p>
|
||
<p>(23.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/30</p>
|
||
<p>(10%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.33 (0.67 to 8.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">133 more per 1000 (from 33 fewer to 718 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab23_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.s3"><h4>F.3. Adults</h4><div id="ch4.appf.tab24" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 68</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Methyphenidate versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab24_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Methylphenidate versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 5–8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>553/739</p>
|
||
<p>(74.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.31 (1.2 to 1.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">186 more per 1000 (from 120 more to 258 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events - Immediate release (follow-up 5–8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/12</p>
|
||
<p>(75%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">66.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.12 (0.67 to 1.89)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">80 more per 1000 (from 220 fewer to 594 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events - OROS (follow-up 5–8 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>544/727</p>
|
||
<p>(74.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.31 (1.2 to 1.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">175 more per 1000 (from 113 more to 248 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 13–24 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>272/308</p>
|
||
<p>(88.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">76.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.16 (1.06 to 1.26)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">122 more per 1000 (from 46 more to 198 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cardiac events (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10/184</p>
|
||
<p>(5.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.6 (0.83 to 8.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">32 more per 1000 (from 3 fewer to 143 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cardiac events 24 weeks (follow-up 24 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/62</p>
|
||
<p>(12.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.39 (0.57 to 33.62)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">98 more per 1000 (from 12 fewer to 946 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure - systolic blood pressure (follow-up 7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.7 lower (3.12 lower to 1.72 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure - Systolic blood pressure (follow-up mean 24 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">241</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 higher (2.17 lower to 4.17 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure (follow-up 7 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.7 higher (1.13 lower to 2.53 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure (follow-up 24 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">241</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 higher (2.13 lower to 2.13 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Palpitations (follow-up 3–9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>78/755</p>
|
||
<p>(10.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 7.3 (3.68 to 14.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">88 more per 1000 (from 38 more to 188 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Palpitations - Immediate release MPH (follow-up 3 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/45</p>
|
||
<p>(8.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4 (0.47 to 34.41)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">66 more per 1000 (from 12 fewer to 735 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Palpitations- OROS MPH (follow-up 3–9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>74/710</p>
|
||
<p>(10.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 7.68 (3.73 to 15.82)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">47 more per 1000 (from 19 more to 104 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Palpitations (follow-up 13–24 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>80/550</p>
|
||
<p>(14.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.45 (1.97 to 6.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20 more per 1000 (from 8 more to 40 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 2–9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>274/1072</p>
|
||
<p>(25.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.57 (3.37 to 6.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">200 more per 1000 (from 133 more to 292 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite - Decreased appetite 13–24 weeks (follow-up 13–24 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>175/612</p>
|
||
<p>(28.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.59 (2.46 to 5.24)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">137 more per 1000 (from 77 more to 225 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change (follow-up 4–7 weeks; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious inconsistency<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">160</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">163</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.11 lower (2.77 to 1.44 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight loss (follow-up 5 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>22/305</p>
|
||
<p>(7.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.38 (0.54 to 3.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20 more per 1000 (from 24 fewer to 133 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight loss (follow-up 13 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>26/182</p>
|
||
<p>(14.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.46 (1.24 to 9.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">101 more per 1000 (from 10 more to 354 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anorexia (follow-up 3 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>11/50</p>
|
||
<p>(22%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.67 (1.09 to 12.36)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">160 more per 1000 (from 5 more to 682 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anorexia (follow-up 13 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>18/182</p>
|
||
<p>(9.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.4 (0.84 to 6.89)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">57 more per 1000 (from 7 fewer to 241 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Psychotic symptoms (follow-up 4 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/143</p>
|
||
<p>(0.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.29 (0.14 to 367.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 30 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 2–9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>162/1169</p>
|
||
<p>(13.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.88 (1.42 to 2.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60 more per 1000 (from 29 more to 101 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia- Immediate release MPH (follow-up 2–9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>40/149</p>
|
||
<p>(26.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">19.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.47 (0.88 to 2.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">91 more per 1000 (from 23 fewer to 281 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia - OROS MPH (follow-up 2–9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>122/1020</p>
|
||
<p>(12%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.04 (1.47 to 2.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60 more per 1000 (from 27 more to 107 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 13–24 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>67/424</p>
|
||
<p>(15.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.47 (0.99 to 2.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">55 more per 1000 (from 1 fewer to 137 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tics (follow-up 3 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/45</p>
|
||
<p>(6.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 2.81 (0.38 to 20.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37 more per 1000 (from 14 fewer to 295 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tremor (follow-up 13 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/182</p>
|
||
<p>(4.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.8 (0.62 to 37.31)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38 more per 1000 (from 4 fewer to 363 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sexual dsyfunction (follow-up 24 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab24_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>27/241</p>
|
||
<p>(11.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.3 (1.18 to 9.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">78 more per 1000 (from 6 more to 280 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab24_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab24_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab24_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab24_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab24_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID.</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab24_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded due to heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab24_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab25" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 69</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile Lisdexamfetamine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab25_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Lisdexamfetamine versus Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 2–10 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>376/552</p>
|
||
<p>(68.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">58.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.17 (0.87 to 1.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">99 more per 1000 (from 76 fewer to 325 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cardiac events (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/35</p>
|
||
<p>(2.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.97 (0.06 to 14.91)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1 fewer per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 403 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 2–10 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>144/587</p>
|
||
<p>(24.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 7.2 (3.64 to 14.26)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">236 more per 1000 (from 100 more to 504 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change - 30mg (follow-up 4 weeks; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.3 lower (4.63 to 1.97 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change - 50mg (follow-up 4 weeks; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.6 lower (4.92 to 2.28 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change - 70mg (follow-up 4 weeks; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.8 lower (6.12 to 3.48 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight loss at 10 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/79</p>
|
||
<p>(10.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 8.21 (1.99 to 33.91)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100 more per 1000 (from 30 more to 170 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anorexia 4–10 weeks (follow-up 4–10 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>22/437</p>
|
||
<p>(5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 4.4 (1.46 to 13.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50 more per 1000 (from 20 more to 80 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 2–10 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>90/587</p>
|
||
<p>(15.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.73 (1.84 to 7.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">93 more per 1000 (from 29 more to 223 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sexual dysfunction at 10 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab25_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/79</p>
|
||
<p>(5.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.78 (1.08 to 56.29)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">50 more per 1000 (from 0 more to 100 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab25_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab25_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab25_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded due to heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis. It should be noted that Wigal, 2010 #730 reported five times more cases of respiratory tract infections in the placebo group. This was resulted in a higher number of the placebo group reporting adverse events compared to the other studies.</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab25_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID.</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab25_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab25_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab25_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab26" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 70</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile Dexamphetamine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab26_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Dexamphetamine ER versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change (follow-up 6 weeks; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.31 higher (2.05 to 4.58 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 2–5 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab26_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab26_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab26_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>34/187</p>
|
||
<p>(18.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 2.08 (0.96 to 4.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56 more per 1000 (from 4 fewer to 188 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 2–5 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab26_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab26_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>35/187</p>
|
||
<p>(18.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.62 (0.84 to 3.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">92 more per 1000 (from 24 fewer to 309 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab26_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab26_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab26_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID.</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab26_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab27" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 71</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile Atomoxetine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab27_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Atomoxetine versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 8–10 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>293/575</p>
|
||
<p>(51%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">64.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.31 (1.03 to 1.65)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">201 more per 1000 (from 19 more to 422 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 12–25 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>576/712</p>
|
||
<p>(80.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">77.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.13 (1.06 to 1.19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">100 more per 1000 (from 46 more to 147 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Palpitations</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/37</p>
|
||
<p>(8.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.5 (0.27 to 8.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27 more per 1000 (from 39 fewer to 403 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systolic blood pressure 1 (follow-up 10 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.5 higher (0.77 lower to 9.77 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diastolic blood pressure (follow-up 10 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.7 higher (1.74 lower to 7.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change (follow-up 10 weeks; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.4 lower (3.65 to 1.15 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight change (follow-up 13 weeks; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.33 lower (1.98 to 0.68 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight loss (follow-up 10 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>17/232</p>
|
||
<p>(7.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 6.34 (2.47 to 16.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16 more per 1000 (from 4 more to 44 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 8–10 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>200/1290</p>
|
||
<p>(15.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.92 (3.52 to 6.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">122 more per 1000 (from 78 more to 182 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 12–24 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>148/1000</p>
|
||
<p>(14.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.19 (2.95 to 5.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">89 more per 1000 (from 55 more to 139 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 8–10 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>154/922</p>
|
||
<p>(16.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2 (1.29 to 3.1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">84 more per 1000 (from 24 more to 176 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 12–24 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>116/962</p>
|
||
<p>(12.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.75 (1.3 to 2.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">53 more per 1000 (from 21 more to 95 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sexual dysfunction (follow-up 8–10 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>50/851</p>
|
||
<p>(5.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.73 (2.36 to 9.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">45 more per 1000 (from 16 more to 102 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sexual dsyfunction (follow-up 12–24 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab27_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>36/962</p>
|
||
<p>(3.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.43 (2.36 to 12.5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18 more per 1000 (from 5 more to 46 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab27_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab27_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab27_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded due to heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab27_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID.</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab27_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab27_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab27_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab28" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 72</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Guanfacine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab28_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Guanfacine versus Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Increased appetite (follow-up 9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab28_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab28_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/13</p>
|
||
<p>(7.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.5 (0.05 to 4.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">77 fewer per 1000 (from 146 fewer to 594 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab28_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab28_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increment if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab29" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 73</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile Venlafaxine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab29_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Venlafaxine versus Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sexual dysfunction (follow-up 6 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab29_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/22</p>
|
||
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.75 (0.47 to 128.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">90 more per 1000 (from 50 fewer to 230 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab29_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab30" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 74</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile Bupropion SR versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab30_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Bupropion SR versus Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 7 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab30_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab30_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/13</p>
|
||
<p>(69.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">66.7%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.04 (0.61 to 1.78)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">27 more per 1000 (from 260 fewer to 520 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab30_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab30_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab31" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 75</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile Bupropion SR versus methylphenidate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab31_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Bupropion SR versus methylphenidate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events 7 weeks (follow-up 7 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab31_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab31_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/13</p>
|
||
<p>(69.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">75%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.92 (0.57 to 1.5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">60 fewer per 1000 (from 322 fewer to 375 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab31_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab31_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab32" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 76</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile Modafinil versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab32_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Modafinil versus Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total participants with adverse events (follow-up 9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>227/264</p>
|
||
<p>(86%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">85.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.01 (0.91 to 1.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9 more per 1000 (from 77 fewer to 102 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Suicidal ideation (follow-up 9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/264</p>
|
||
<p>(0.38%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 3.6 (0.03 to 411.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 20 less to 20 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia (follow-up 9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/264</p>
|
||
<p>(0.38%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 3.6 (0.03 to 411.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (rom 20 less to 20 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Decreased appetite (follow-up 2 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/22</p>
|
||
<p>(18.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 8.58 (1.13 to 65.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">180 more per 1000 (from 10 more to 350 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anorexia (follow-up 9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>38/264</p>
|
||
<p>(14.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.55 (1.13 to 11.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">105 more per 1000 (from 5 more to 417 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 2–9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_3">3</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>76/286</p>
|
||
<p>(26.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.15 (1.18 to 3.91)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">167 more per 1000 (from 26 more to 422 LOW more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Psychotic symptoms (follow-up 9 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab32_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/264</p>
|
||
<p>(0.38%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 3.6 (0.03 to 411.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 20 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab32_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab32_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab32_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID.</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab32_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab33" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 77</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile Modafinil versus dexamphetamine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab33_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Modafinil versus Dexamphetamine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 2 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab33_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/22</p>
|
||
<p>(18.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.5 (0.18 to 1.42)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">182 fewer per 1000 (from 298 fewer to 153 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab33_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appf.tab34" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 78</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile Reboxetine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appf.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab34_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Reboxetine versus placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Insomnia (follow-up 4 weeks)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab34_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.appf.tab34_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/23</p>
|
||
<p>(34.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.91 (0.81 to 42.92)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">290 more per 1000 (from 11 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab34_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab34_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><div id="ch4.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch4appgf1&p=BOOKS&id=578097_ch4appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578097/bin/ch4appgf1.jpg" alt="Image ch4appgf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>* Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p><p>(a) note that there were 2 original models from the previous guideline (either included or excluded) which is why the numbers add to more than 15.</p><p>(b) Two articles identified were applicable to Q5 and Q10, for the purposes of this diagram it has been included under Q5 only.</p><p>(c) One of these is a model from the previous guideline that was exclude. Two articles identified were applicable to both Q5 and Q11 and have only been included here under Q11. One paper here was selectively excluded in Q11 but included in Q5 and so is double counted in this flowchart.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p>None</p></div><div id="ch4.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch4.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><div id="ch4.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 79</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abbasi 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abikoff 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Agay 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Agay 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Altin 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aman 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aman 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aman 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aman 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aman 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No control group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aman 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aman 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aman 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amiri 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">An 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anderson 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not article</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anon 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anon 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref634"><sup>634</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref253"><sup>253</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not article</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref181"><sup>181</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Apostol 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Araki 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arango 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ardic 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arduc 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect diagnosis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Armenteros 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Armstrong 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arnold 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arnold 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arnold 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arnold 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wrong intervention (combination)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Asherson 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: study designs inappropriate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ashkenasi 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Babinski 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Babinski 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Babinski 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bahcivan saydam 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bain 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bain 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bali 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Banaschewski 2014 <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Banerjee 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bangs 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barbaresi 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barkley 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barnard 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barry 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Commentary</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bart 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barton 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bastiaens 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Becker 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Background info</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Becker 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bedard 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bedard 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beherec 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bejerot 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bendz 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bental 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Benvenuto 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berlin 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beyer von morgenstern 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2005 <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref104"><sup>104</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-analysis: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-analysis of individual studies included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bilder 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blader 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blader 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blum 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blumer 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boellner 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bögels 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bohnstedt 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient information on full trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boisjoli 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boonstra 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Borsting 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bottelier 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brams 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brams 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brams 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brams 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Erratum</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brams 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brams 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No washout following open label lead in phase</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bro 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref123"><sup>123</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brown 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brown 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-analysis of included studies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bubnik 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buchmann 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buitelaar 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buitelaar 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buitelaar 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buitelaar 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buitelaar 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buitelaar 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Burton 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Butter 1983<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Butter 1984<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Camporeale 2013 <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cantilena 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cardo 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Castellanos-ryan 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Castells 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref147"><sup>147</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cetin 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref148"><sup>148</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chang 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref149"><sup>149</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chang 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref150"><sup>150</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chang 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref151"><sup>151</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chantiluke 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref152"><sup>152</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chantiluke 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref153"><sup>153</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chavez 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref154"><sup>154</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref157"><sup>157</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref156"><sup>156</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cheng-shannon 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Childress 2009 <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref163"><sup>163</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Childress 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref159"><sup>159</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Childress 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref162"><sup>162</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Childress 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref161"><sup>161</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ching 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref164"><sup>164</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cho 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref165"><sup>165</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chou 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref167"><sup>167</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chou 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref166"><sup>166</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non randomised study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Classen 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref168"><sup>168</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: study designs inappropriate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Classen 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref169"><sup>169</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Classen 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref170"><sup>170</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Classi 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref171"><sup>171</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clemow 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref172"><sup>172</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coghill 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref173"><sup>173</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coghill 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref175"><sup>175</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: study designs inappropriate. open label</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohen-yavin 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref178"><sup>178</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Collins 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref179"><sup>179</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not article</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comer 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref180"><sup>180</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connolly 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref184"><sup>184</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connor 1994<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref185"><sup>185</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connor 2013 <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref188"><sup>188</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connor 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref186"><sup>186</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">References checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cooper 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref189"><sup>189</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corkum 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref190"><sup>190</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cornforth 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref191"><sup>191</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Correia Filho 2005 <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref192"><sup>192</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect method of diagnosis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cortese 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref193"><sup>193</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Costa 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref194"><sup>194</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cottrell 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref195"><sup>195</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Included in the economic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Covey 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref198"><sup>198</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Covey 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Covey 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref197"><sup>197</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cox 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref200"><sup>200</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cox 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref199"><sup>199</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cubillo 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref201"><sup>201</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cubillo 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref202"><sup>202</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Curtin 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref203"><sup>203</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cutler 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref204"><sup>204</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dalsgaard 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref205"><sup>205</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dean 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref207"><sup>207</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Deputy 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref209"><sup>209</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not article</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Devito 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref210"><sup>210</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dinca 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref212"><sup>212</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doig 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref216"><sup>216</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Donnelly 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref217"><sup>217</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population (diagnosis)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dopfner 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref220"><sup>220</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dopfner 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref219"><sup>219</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dopfner 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref218"><sup>218</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dupaul 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref221"><sup>221</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Durell 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref223"><sup>223</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Erratum</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epstein 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref225"><sup>225</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ercan 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref226"><sup>226</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Erdogan 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fabiano 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref228"><sup>228</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fabiano 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref229"><sup>229</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref236"><sup>236</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Farah 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref230"><sup>230</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Farah 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref231"><sup>231</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Faraone 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref236"><sup>236</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Faraone 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref232"><sup>232</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Faraone 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref234"><sup>234</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Faraone 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref233"><sup>233</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Faraone 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref235"><sup>235</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Farmer 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref237"><sup>237</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Farmer 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref238"><sup>238</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fernandez-jaen 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref239"><sup>239</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref248"><sup>248</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref241"><sup>241</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not article</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref250"><sup>250</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref240"><sup>240</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref245"><sup>245</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref249"><sup>249</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref244"><sup>244</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref246"><sup>246</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fitzpatrick 1990<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref251"><sup>251</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Flapper 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref252"><sup>252</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fortier 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref254"><sup>254</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fosi 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref255"><sup>255</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Foster 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref256"><sup>256</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fox 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref257"><sup>257</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fredriksen 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref258"><sup>258</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Froehlich 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref260"><sup>260</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Froehlich 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref259"><sup>259</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fuentes 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref261"><sup>261</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fung 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref262"><sup>262</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gadow 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref264"><sup>264</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gadow 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref269"><sup>269</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gadow 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref263"><sup>263</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gallucci 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref268"><sup>268</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Garfinkel 1983<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref270"><sup>270</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Garg 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref271"><sup>271</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Garg 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref272"><sup>272</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Garg 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref273"><sup>273</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gau 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref275"><sup>275</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gawrilow 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref276"><sup>276</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gehricke 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref277"><sup>277</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gehricke 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref278"><sup>278</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ghanizadeh 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref281"><sup>281</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ghanizadeh 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref282"><sup>282</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ghuman 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref284"><sup>284</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Giblin 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref285"><sup>285</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ginsberg 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref286"><sup>286</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ginsberg 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref288"><sup>288</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gittelman-klein 1976<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref289"><sup>289</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate method of diagnosis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goez 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref290"><sup>290</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gonzalez-Carpio Hernandez 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref291"><sup>291</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grant 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref295"><sup>295</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Green 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref296"><sup>296</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Greenhill 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref301"><sup>301</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Greenhill 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref300"><sup>300</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wrong population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grizenko 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref303"><sup>303</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grizenko 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref304"><sup>304</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grizenko 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref302"><sup>302</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Groom 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref306"><sup>306</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guardiola 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref307"><sup>307</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gunther 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref308"><sup>308</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guo 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref309"><sup>309</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gustafsson 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref310"><sup>310</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Haas 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref311"><sup>311</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Haghighat 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref312"><sup>312</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not article</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hammerness 2009 <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref315"><sup>315</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hammerness 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref314"><sup>314</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hammerness 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref313"><sup>313</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handen 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref316"><sup>316</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than mimnum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handen 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref317"><sup>317</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than mimnum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handen 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref318"><sup>318</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hansen 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref319"><sup>319</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hardan 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref320"><sup>320</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harfterkamp 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref321"><sup>321</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harfterkamp 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref324"><sup>324</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Post hoc. open label.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hazell 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref327"><sup>327</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Combination intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hazell 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref326"><sup>326</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hazell 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref325"><sup>325</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heffner 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref328"><sup>328</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hellwig-brida 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref329"><sup>329</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Helseth 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref330"><sup>330</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heriot 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref331"><sup>331</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Herring 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref332"><sup>332</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hervas 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref333"><sup>333</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate method of diagnosis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hester 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref334"><sup>334</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hilton 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref335"><sup>335</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holden 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref338"><sup>338</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not guideline condition</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hong 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref339"><sup>339</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hong 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref341"><sup>341</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hong 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref340"><sup>340</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hosenbocus 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref342"><sup>342</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Howard 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref343"><sup>343</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huizink 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref344"><sup>344</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurt 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref345"><sup>345</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurwitz 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref346"><sup>346</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: study designs inappropriate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huss 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref347"><sup>347</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Post hoc analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huss 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref348"><sup>348</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ialongo 1994<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref350"><sup>350</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inglis 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref351"><sup>351</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ironside 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref352"><sup>352</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ishii-takahashi 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref353"><sup>353</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Correction</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jacobi-polishook 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref354"><sup>354</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jahromi 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref356"><sup>356</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jain 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref358"><sup>358</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: study designs inappropriate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jans 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref361"><sup>361</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jaselskis 1992<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref362"><sup>362</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jasinski 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref363"><sup>363</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jasinski 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref364"><sup>364</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jerrell 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref365"><sup>365</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jin 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref366"><sup>366</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Johnston 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref367"><sup>367</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jordan 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref368"><sup>368</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Joseph 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref369"><sup>369</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jucaite 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref370"><sup>370</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kamble 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref372"><sup>372</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kandemir 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref373"><sup>373</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Background information</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kay 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref375"><sup>375</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Keating 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref376"><sup>376</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not article</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kent 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref378"><sup>378</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Keulers 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref379"><sup>379</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Khodadust 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref380"><sup>380</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref381"><sup>381</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">King 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref382"><sup>382</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koblan 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref383"><sup>383</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kollins 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref384"><sup>384</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kollins 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref385"><sup>385</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kollins 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref388"><sup>388</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kollins 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref386"><sup>386</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Konstenius 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref390"><sup>390</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Konstenius 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref391"><sup>391</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Konstenius 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref393"><sup>393</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Konstenius 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref392"><sup>392</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Krakowski 1965<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref396"><sup>396</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate method of diagnosis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kratochvil 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref397"><sup>397</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kubas 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref398"><sup>398</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kupietz 1988<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref400"><sup>400</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lamberti 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref401"><sup>401</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Law 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref402"><sup>402</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Leblanc 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref403"><sup>403</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Leddy 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref404"><sup>404</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref405"><sup>405</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lerer 1977<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref408"><sup>408</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lerer 1979<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref407"><sup>407</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Leuchter 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref409"><sup>409</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Levin 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref411"><sup>411</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Li 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref414"><sup>414</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Li 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref412"><sup>412</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Li 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref413"><sup>413</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref415"><sup>415</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref416"><sup>416</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref417"><sup>417</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Linares 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref418"><sup>418</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lion-francois 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref419"><sup>419</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref420"><sup>420</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Commentary</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Logemann 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref421"><sup>421</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Loo 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref422"><sup>422</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lufi 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref424"><sup>424</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Luman 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref425"><sup>425</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lyon 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref426"><sup>426</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lyon 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref427"><sup>427</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Malone 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref428"><sup>428</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Manor 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref429"><sup>429</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Manor 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref430"><sup>430</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Manos 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref431"><sup>431</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marchant 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref432"><sup>432</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marchant 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref433"><sup>433</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marchant 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref434"><sup>434</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martin 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref436"><sup>436</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martin 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref437"><sup>437</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martins 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref438"><sup>438</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mattes 1984<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref439"><sup>439</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mattos 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref442"><sup>442</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mattos 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref441"><sup>441</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">References checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matza 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref444"><sup>444</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matza 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref443"><sup>443</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mccarthy 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref445"><sup>445</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mccarthy 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref446"><sup>446</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McCracken 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref447"><sup>447</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mcgough 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref448"><sup>448</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mcgough 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref449"><sup>449</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mcinnes 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref450"><sup>450</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mcrae-clark 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref451"><sup>451</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meisel 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref453"><sup>453</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Merrill 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref454"><sup>454</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Michelson 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref455"><sup>455</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Michelson 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref458"><sup>458</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mikami 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref460"><sup>460</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mikkelsen 1982<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref461"><sup>461</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miller 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref462"><sup>462</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mohammadi 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref465"><sup>465</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions (combination)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mohammadi 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref464"><sup>464</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Monuteaux 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref467"><sup>467</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moorthy 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref468"><sup>468</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morash-Conway 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref469"><sup>469</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moriyama 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref470"><sup>470</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morrow 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref471"><sup>471</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moshe 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref472"><sup>472</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Muir 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref473"><sup>473</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No primary research</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Muniz 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref474"><sup>474</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Murray 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref475"><sup>475</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nandam 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref478"><sup>478</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Newcorn 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref482"><sup>482</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Newcorn 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref484"><sup>484</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Newcorn 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref480"><sup>480</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ni 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref486"><sup>486</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ni 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref485"><sup>485</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Niederhofer 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref487"><sup>487</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nunes 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref488"><sup>488</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ogrim 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref489"><sup>489</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Olsen 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref490"><sup>490</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Overtoom 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref491"><sup>491</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Owen 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref492"><sup>492</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population (not ADHD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Owens 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref493"><sup>493</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pagano 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref494"><sup>494</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parker 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref496"><sup>496</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pataki 1993<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref497"><sup>497</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate washout period</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pearson 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref499"><sup>499</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pelham 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref501"><sup>501</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pelham 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref500"><sup>500</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Open label dose comparison no washout</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perez-alvarez 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref502"><sup>502</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perez-alvarez 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref502"><sup>502</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perrin 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref503"><sup>503</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peterson 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref504"><sup>504</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Philipsen 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref505"><sup>505</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Philipsen 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref506"><sup>506</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pierce 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref507"><sup>507</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pollak 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref508"><sup>508</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Posey 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref509"><sup>509</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate washout period</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potter 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref511"><sup>511</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potter 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref510"><sup>510</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Powell 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref512"><sup>512</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prada 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref513"><sup>513</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prasad 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref515"><sup>515</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prasad 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref514"><sup>514</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prince 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref516"><sup>516</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pringsheim 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref517"><sup>517</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SR checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Punja 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref518"><sup>518</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ramtvedt 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref520"><sup>520</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ramtvedt 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref519"><sup>519</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ramtvedt 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref521"><sup>521</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rapoport 1974<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref522"><sup>522</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate method of diagnosis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rapport 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref523"><sup>523</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate washout period</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ray 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref524"><sup>524</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not guideline condition</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Redman 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref525"><sup>525</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reichow 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref526"><sup>526</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SR checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Research units on pediatric psychopharmacology autism 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref528"><sup>528</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reyes 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref530"><sup>530</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rezaei 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref531"><sup>531</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Richardson 1988<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref533"><sup>533</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Riggs 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref534"><sup>534</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roesch 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref536"><sup>536</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roesch 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref537"><sup>537</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rubia 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref541"><sup>541</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rubia 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref542"><sup>542</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rubia 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref543"><sup>543</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Safavi 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref544"><sup>544</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sahin 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref545"><sup>545</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Salehi 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref546"><sup>546</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sallee 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref548"><sup>548</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sallee 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref547"><sup>547</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review (not systematic)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sandler 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref550"><sup>550</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sandler 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref551"><sup>551</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Santisteban 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref552"><sup>552</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Santosh 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref553"><sup>553</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Say 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref554"><sup>554</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sayer 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref555"><sup>555</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schachar 1997<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref559"><sup>559</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schachar 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref558"><sup>558</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Scheffler 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref560"><sup>560</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schrantee 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref561"><sup>561</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schulz 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref563"><sup>563</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schulz 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref562"><sup>562</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sciberras 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref564"><sup>564</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shakibaei 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref565"><sup>565</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shang 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref566"><sup>566</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shang 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref567"><sup>567</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sharp 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref568"><sup>568</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shaywitz 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref569"><sup>569</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shea 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref570"><sup>570</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population (not ADHD)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Short 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref572"><sup>572</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shytle 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref573"><sup>573</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sikirica 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref574"><sup>574</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">References checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sikirica 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref575"><sup>575</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Silva 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref578"><sup>578</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Silva 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref576"><sup>576</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Silva 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref577"><sup>577</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sinzig 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref581"><sup>581</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Slama 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref582"><sup>582</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Snyder 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref583"><sup>583</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">So 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref584"><sup>584</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sobanski 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref586"><sup>586</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wrong interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sobanski 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref585"><sup>585</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Socanski 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref587"><sup>587</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Solanto 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref588"><sup>588</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Crossover no washout. Inappropriate washout period</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sonuga-barke 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref590"><sup>590</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sonuga-barke 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref592"><sup>592</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sonuga-barke 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref589"><sup>589</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Crossover with no washout</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sonuga-barke 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref591"><sup>591</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spencer 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref597"><sup>597</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spencer 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref598"><sup>598</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spencer 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref593"><sup>593</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spencer 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref599"><sup>599</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stein 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref602"><sup>602</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Steiner 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref603"><sup>603</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Steinhausen 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref604"><sup>604</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wrong comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stocks 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref605"><sup>605</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Strand 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref606"><sup>606</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stray 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref607"><sup>607</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Su 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref608"><sup>608</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suehs 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref609"><sup>609</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sung 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref610"><sup>610</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surman 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref611"><sup>611</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Swearingen 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref616"><sup>616</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Szobot 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref617"><sup>617</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tamm 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref621"><sup>621</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tamm 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref620"><sup>620</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Taragin 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref622"><sup>622</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Taylor 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref624"><sup>624</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tebartz van Elst 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref625"><sup>625</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tehrani-doost 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref626"><sup>626</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison. Less than minimum duration. Open label</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tellechea 1991<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref627"><sup>627</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ter-stepanian 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref628"><sup>628</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The MTA Cooperative Group 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thomson 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref629"><sup>629</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review checked for references</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thomson 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref630"><sup>630</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review is not relevant to review question or unclear PICO</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thurstone 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref631"><sup>631</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions (combination)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Torgersen 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref632"><sup>632</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Torrioli 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref633"><sup>633</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tucha 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref637"><sup>637</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Upadhyaya 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref638"><sup>638</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Upadhyaya 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref639"><sup>639</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Valdizan-uson 2013–2<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref640"><sup>640</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van der donk 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref641"><sup>641</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van der kolk 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref643"><sup>643</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van der meer 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref644"><sup>644</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van der oord 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref646"><sup>646</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van der oord 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref645"><sup>645</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Verster 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref647"><sup>647</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Verster 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref648"><sup>648</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warden 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref650"><sup>650</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Combination. No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Waxmonsky 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref651"><sup>651</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Waxmonsky 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref652"><sup>652</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dose comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Waxmonsky 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref653"><sup>653</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weber 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref654"><sup>654</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wehmeier 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref656"><sup>656</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weisler 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref660"><sup>660</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weisler 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref661"><sup>661</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weiss 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref665"><sup>665</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weiss 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref662"><sup>662</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weiss 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref663"><sup>663</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wender 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref666"><sup>666</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Werry 1980<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref667"><sup>667</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate method of diagnosis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Westover 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref668"><sup>668</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref670"><sup>670</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref677"><sup>677</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref684"><sup>684</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No results reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref671"><sup>671</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref675"><sup>675</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref676"><sup>676</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref680"><sup>680</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref674"><sup>674</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref681"><sup>681</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref672"><sup>672</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref673"><sup>673</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref678"><sup>678</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigal 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref679"><sup>679</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wilens 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref690"><sup>690</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wilens 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref687"><sup>687</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention (wrong drugs)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wilens 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref689"><sup>689</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wilens 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref688"><sup>688</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wilens 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref685"><sup>685</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Williams 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref692"><sup>692</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Williamson 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref693"><sup>693</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Winhusen 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref695"><sup>695</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Winhusen 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref694"><sup>694</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Witt 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref697"><sup>697</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wong 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref699"><sup>699</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No usable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yang 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref700"><sup>700</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yang 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref701"><sup>701</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yellin am 1978<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref702"><sup>702</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate method of diagnosis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yepes 1977<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref703"><sup>703</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate method of diagnosis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yildiz 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref704"><sup>704</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yildiz oc 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref705"><sup>705</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yilmaz 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref706"><sup>706</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Young 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref707"><sup>707</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No useable outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yucel 2014 <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref709"><sup>709</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zeni 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref711"><sup>711</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zheng 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref712"><sup>712</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zoega 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref713"><sup>713</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zuvekas 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref714"><sup>714</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch4.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p>None.</p></div></div></div><div class="bk_prnt_sctn"><h2>Tables</h2><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj bk_first_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Children, young people and adults with ADHD</p>
|
||
<p>Stratification: Children (<5 years), children and young people (5–17 years) and adults (≥18 years)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention(s)</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The following treatments (all doses), received for a minimum of 2-weeks:
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l1"><li id="ch4.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>CNS stimulants
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l2" class="circle"><li id="ch4.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>methylphenidate</div></li><li id="ch4.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>methylphenidate modified release</div></li><li id="ch4.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>dexamphetamine</div></li><li id="ch4.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>lisdexamfetamine dimesylate</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch4.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>atomoxetine</div></li><li id="ch4.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>guanfacine</div></li><li id="ch4.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>clonidine</div></li><li id="ch4.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antidepressants (all drugs should be included separately and not pooled, except for class comparisons in the following groups:
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l3" class="circle"><li id="ch4.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>tricyclics</div></li><li id="ch4.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSRIs</div></li><li id="ch4.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>SNRIs</div></li><li id="ch4.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>MAOIs</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch4.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antipsychotics
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l4" class="circle"><li id="ch4.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Risperidone</div></li><li id="ch4.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Olanzapine</div></li><li id="ch4.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clozapine</div></li><li id="ch4.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Haloperidol</div></li><li id="ch4.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quetiapine</div></li><li id="ch4.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aripriprazole</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch4.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mood stabilisers
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l5" class="circle"><li id="ch4.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>carbamazepine</div></li><li id="ch4.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>valproate</div></li><li id="ch4.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>lamotrigine</div></li><li id="ch4.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>lithium</div></li><li id="ch4.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>asenapine</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch4.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>buspirone</div></li><li id="ch4.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>bupropion</div></li><li id="ch4.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>nicotine</div></li><li id="ch4.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>modafinil</div></li><li id="ch4.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>melatonin</div></li><li id="ch4.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>sativex</div></li><li id="ch4.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>anti-cholinesterase inhibitors</div></li><li id="ch4.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>pharmacological treatments used to treat Parkinson’s Disease</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison(s)</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
<p>Compared against each other</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>All outcomes to be measured at short term (up to 12 weeks) and long-term (≥12 weeks) timepoints</p>
|
||
<p><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l6"><li id="ch4.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l7" class="circle"><li id="ch4.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total number of participants with an adverse event</div></li><li id="ch4.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality</div></li><li id="ch4.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>Suicide or suicidal ideation</div></li><li id="ch4.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac mortality</div></li><li id="ch4.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac events including tachycardia/palpitations (defined by >/120bpm) or systolic or diastolic blood pressure changes</div></li><li id="ch4.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>Substance misuse</div></li><li id="ch4.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abnormal growth (height and weight)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>Increase in seizures in people with epilepsy</div></li><li id="ch4.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychotic symptoms</div></li><li id="ch4.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disturbed sleep</div></li><li id="ch4.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>Liver damage (defined by deranged LFTs)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>Increased tics</div></li><li id="ch4.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tremors</div></li><li id="ch4.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>Congenital defects amongst patients who are pregnant</div></li><li id="ch4.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sexual dysfunction</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RCTs</p>
|
||
<p>Open label RCTs and non-randomised studies only for long term outcomes (≥3 months)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review (RCTs)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arabgol 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Risperidone 2mg/d in two divided doses (n=20)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate 20mg/d in two divided doses (n=18)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preschool children aged 3–6 years who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD. (n=38)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l8"><li id="ch4.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>All/mixed subtypes (57.57% combined, 33.33% hyperactive/impulsive, 9.09% inattentive).</p>
|
||
<p>Total scores parent ADHD-RS approximately 28. Baseline scores of ADHD-RS show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
<p>(Total scores parent ADHD-RS approx. 28).</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ghuman 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref283"><sup>283</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=17) Crossover</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 1: CNS stimulants – Methylphenidate initiated at 1.25mg t.i.d. and titrated based on response and tolerance</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison: Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 3 to 5 years who met the DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, or pervasive development disorder. Subjects were included only if they exhibited impairing symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity in multiple settings, and met severity criteria based on the Hyperactive-Impulsive subscale T-score of 65, 1.5(SD) on the CPRS or CTRS.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l9"><li id="ch4.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>Height changes at 4 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Mixed line. 8 children were drug naïve and 6 had received previous psychotropic medication.</p>
|
||
<p>No clinically important changes in ECG parameters.</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Greenhill 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref297"><sup>297</sup></a> (PA TS study)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate multiple doses (n=165)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison: placebo (n=165)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 3 to 5.5 years that met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l10"><li id="ch4.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tachycardia at 1 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children were stimulant naive</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review (RCTs)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Allen 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 0.5mg/kg per day to 1.5mg/kg per day (n=76)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=72)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 7 to 17 years that met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and had concurrent Tourette’s syndrome or chronic motor tic disorder. (n=148)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l12"><li id="ch4.lt76" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tachycardia at 18 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt77" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 18 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt78" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tics at 18 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>68.2% had previous stimulant exposure</p>
|
||
<p>ADHD-RS scores 1.5SDs above gender and age norms.</p>
|
||
<p>60.8% combined subtype, 35.5% inattentive and 3.4% hyperactive/impulsive. Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amiri 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Modafinil 200–300mg/day (n=30)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate OROS (20–30mg per day) (n=30)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6 to 15 years that met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=60)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l13"><li id="ch4.lt79" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>ADHD-RS-IV score at least 1.5 standard deviations above norms for age and gender (ADHD-RS-IV baseline score of 40)</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
<p>All patients combined subtype and newly diagnosed, drug naïve</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Anon 2002</p>
|
||
<p>(Tourette’s Syndrome Study Group)<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref635"><sup>635</sup></a></p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Interventions: Methylphenidate (n=37)</p>
|
||
<p>Clonidine (n=34)</p>
|
||
<p>Combination (n=33)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=32)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents 7–14 meeting DSM-IV-TR ADHD and Tourette disorder, chronic motor tic disorder or chronic vocal tic disorder criteria (n=136)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l14"><li id="ch4.lt80" class="half_rhythm"><div>Increase in tics at 16 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>All tic disorder (95% Tourette’s, 4% chronic motor tic disorder, 1% chronic vocal tic disorder)</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment and subtype</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arnold 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Crossover trial (n=16)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine: maximum dose 1.4mg/kg per day</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 5 to 15 years meeting DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l15"><li id="ch4.lt81" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt82" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tics at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt83" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tremor at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subtypes not specified 43.8% Autism spectrum disorder</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment and subtype</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bangs 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine. target dose was 1.2mg/kg per day which could be increased to 1.8mg/kg (n=72)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (N=70)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Children and adolescents aged 12–18 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</p>
|
||
<p>(n=142)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l16"><li id="ch4.lt84" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased weight at 9 weeks and 9 months</div></li><li id="ch4.lt85" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 9 months (non-comparative</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>79% had prior exposure to stimulants All subtypes (43% combined, 47% inattentive, 10% is hyperactive-impulsive) with severity over 1.5 SDs above ADHD-RS norms.</p>
|
||
<p>ADHD-RS-IV score at least 1.5 SD above age and sex norms and a Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised total score of 40 or more. Baseline scores of ADHD-RS show the majority of the population had severe ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barrickman 1995<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Bupropion 50–200mg/day</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate 20–60mg/day</p>
|
||
<p>Crossover trial (n=18)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 7–16 with a diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-III-R</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l17"><li id="ch4.lt86" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 5 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt87" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 5 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt88" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 5 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt89" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tremor at 5 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 of 15 had previously taken Methylphenidate up to two weeks before enrolling. Results at seven weeks. Subtype status not stated. Subjects’ CGI was “severe” in 12 and “moderate” in three.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 1989<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Desipramine 30, 50 and 70mg (n=31)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo. (n=31)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children 13 to 17 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=62)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l18"><li id="ch4.lt90" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt91" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 9 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear line of treatment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Modafinil. Titrated from 85mg to 425mg per day (n=197)</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=51)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children 6 to 17 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=248)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l19"><li id="ch4.lt92" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt93" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt94" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt95" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 9 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness (CGI-S) rating of 4 or higher (“moderately ill” or worse). ADHD-RS-IV total and/or subscale score at least 1.5 SDs above normal values for age and gender</p>
|
||
<p>76% combined subtype, 20.6% inattentive subtype, 3.4% hyperactive-impulsive subtype</p>
|
||
<p>Participants were stimulant naïve or had manifested an unsatisfactory response to stimulant therapy</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a> (Childress 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref160"><sup>160</sup></a>, Lopez 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref423"><sup>423</sup></a>, Jain 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref357"><sup>357</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate 30, 50 and 70 mg/day(n=235)</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=79)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children 13 to 17 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=314)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l20"><li id="ch4.lt96" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events</div></li><li id="ch4.lt97" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight decrease at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt98" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 4 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>ADHD Rating Scale of (ADHD-RS-IV) score >28</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Interventions: Extended release guanfacine 2mg/d (n=87)</p>
|
||
<p>Extended release guanfacine 3mg/d (n=86)</p>
|
||
<p>Extended release guanfacine 4mg/d (n=86)</p>
|
||
<p>Total (n=138)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=86)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6–17 who met DSM-IV criteria for a primary diagnosis of ADHD combined subtype, predominantly inattentive subtype, or predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype (n=345)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l21"><li id="ch4.lt99" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total adverse events at 5 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt100" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality at 5 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt101" class="half_rhythm"><div>Appetite changes at 5 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt102" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 5 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>All/mixed subtypes (Inattentive 26.1%, Hyperactive-impulsive 2%, Combined 71.9%) Baseline scores of ADHD-RS show the majority of the population had severe ADHD.</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brown 1989<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref124"><sup>124</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Crossover trial (n=11)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate 0.15mg/kg per day, 0.3mg/kg per day and 0.5mg/kg per day (2 weeks)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (2 weeks)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boys aged 12 to 15 years diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-III criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l22"><li id="ch4.lt103" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 2 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Comorbid ASD</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
<p>Subtypes not specified</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buitelaar 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=19) Intervention 1: Antipsychotics – Risperidone (maximum 5mg/day)</p>
|
||
<p>(n=19) Intervention 2: No treatment - Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=38) Children aged 12 to 18 years with a formal diagnosis of ADHD with subaverage cognitive abilities (IQ of 60 to 90 on the WISC-R for children).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l23"><li id="ch4.lt104" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt105" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tremor at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Subtype not specified</p>
|
||
<p>70% stimulant naive</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00763971" title="Study NCT00763971" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00763971</a> trial: Coghill 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a> (Coghill 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref177"><sup>177</sup></a>, Banaschewski 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a>, Coghill 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref176"><sup>176</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate 30–70mg/day (n=113)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate 18–54mg per day (n=112)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo (n-111)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children 6 to 16 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=336)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l24"><li id="ch4.lt106" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt107" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt108" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 7 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>ADHD-RS-IV score of 28 or higher</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connor 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref187"><sup>187</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=138) Guanfacine. Guanfacine modified release >(maximum dose 4mg/day)</p>
|
||
<p>(n=79) Comparison: placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=217) Children aged 6 to 12 years who met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l25"><li id="ch4.lt109" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt110" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt111" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychotic symptoms at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>ADHD-RS-IV score of 24 or more</p>
|
||
<p>Inattentive subtype(12.6%), hyperactive subtype(3.3%), combined subtype (84.1%)</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conners 1980<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref183"><sup>183</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate mean dose 22mg/day (maximum 60mg/day) (n=20)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=21)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children diagnosed with ADHD between 6 and 11 years old (n=41)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l26"><li id="ch4.lt112" class="half_rhythm"><div>Palpitations at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt113" class="half_rhythm"><div>Appetite problems at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt114" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Line of treatment unclear</p>
|
||
<p>Subtypes unclear</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dell’agnello 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref208"><sup>208</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 1.2mg/kg/d(n=105)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=32)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6–15 years who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder. (n=137)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l27"><li id="ch4.lt115" class="half_rhythm"><div>Diastolic blood pressure at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt116" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased weight at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt117" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20% of the atomoxetine group and 12.5% of the placebo group had previous therapy.</p>
|
||
<p>89% of the population diagnosed with combined subtype.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dittmann 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref213"><sup>213</sup></a> (Nagy 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref477"><sup>477</sup></a>, Dittmann 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref214"><sup>214</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (n=133)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine (n=134)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria (n=267)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l28"><li id="ch4.lt118" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with any adverse events at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt119" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt120" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased weight at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt121" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt122" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 9 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Mean baseline scores of ADHD-RS-IV total scores were 42.6(6.14).</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref247"><sup>247</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention 1: IR-Methylphenidate (n=133)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 2:</p>
|
||
<p>OROS-MPH (n=139)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=46)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children 6 to 12 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=318)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l29"><li id="ch4.lt123" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased weight (anorexia) at 3 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt124" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 3 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt125" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tics at 3 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>85% drug naïve.</p>
|
||
<p>80.5% of the study population were of the combined subtype of ADHD, 17% of the inattentive subtype, 1.4% of the hyperactive/impulsive subtype and 1.06% of the unclassified subtype.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref242"><sup>242</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine 30, 50 and 70mg (n=235)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo. (n=79)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children 13 to 17 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=314)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l30"><li id="ch4.lt126" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with any adverse events at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt127" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt128" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt129" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight decrease at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt130" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 4 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Moderate severity on ADHD-RS (28 or higher). 3 week titration period and 1 week maintenance</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gadow 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref265"><sup>265</sup></a> (Gadow 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref266"><sup>266</sup></a>;Gadow 1995<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref267"><sup>267</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Crossover (n=31)</p>
|
||
<p>Interventions: CNS stimulants – Methylphenidate 0.1mg/kg per day, 0.3mg/kg per day and 0.5mg/kg per day</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children meeting the DSM-III or IV criteria for ADHD and either chronic motor tic disorder or Tourette’s syndrome.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l31"><li id="ch4.lt131" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 2 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt132" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 2 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt133" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tic severity at 2 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Line of treatment not specified</p>
|
||
<p>Subtype not specified</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gau 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref274"><sup>274</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 1.2–1.8mg/kg/day, mean daily dose 43.12mg (n=72)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo (n=34)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6–16 years diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM-IV (n=106)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l32"><li id="ch4.lt134" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt135" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>64% drug naïve.</p>
|
||
<p>Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD. 73% combined subtype, 27% combined subtype, and no participants had the predominantly hyperactive subtype.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Geller 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref279"><sup>279</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine, max dose 120 mg/day (n=87)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=89)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 8–17 years diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM-IV. (n=176)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l33"><li id="ch4.lt136" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight loss at 12 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>37.5% were stimulant naïve</p>
|
||
<p>All subjects met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and for at least one of the following anxiety disorders: separation anxiety disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, or social phobia. 75% were of the combined subtype, 23% inattentive and 1% hyperactive/impulsive.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gonzalez;Heydrich<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref292"><sup>292</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo</p>
|
||
<p>Crossover trial (n=33)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents 6–18 meeting DSM-IV-TR ADHD criteria and epilepsy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seizures at 3 weeks</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Adaptive RCTs; those with seizures were kept on current dose, those without increased their dose up to 54mg</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Greenhill 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref298"><sup>298</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Modafinil (n=133)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo (n=67)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6 to 16 diagnosed with ADHD and ASD according to the DSM-IV. (n=198)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l34"><li id="ch4.lt137" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt138" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight loss at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt139" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt140" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 9 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>ADHD-RS score at least 1.5 SDs above normal values for age and gender</p>
|
||
<p>23.7% of the population were of Inattentive subtype of ADHD, 5.05% were hyperactive/impulsive subtype and 70.2% were of the combined subtype.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Greenhill 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref299"><sup>299</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=155) Intervention 1: CNS stimulants – Methylphenidate (maximum 60mg/day)</p>
|
||
<p>(n=159) Intervention 2: No treatment - Placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=311) Children aged 6 to 16 years diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l35"><li id="ch4.lt141" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 3 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Combined and predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtypes only 64% had been previously treated for ADHD</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harfterkamp 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref323"><sup>323</sup></a> (Harfterkamp 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref322"><sup>322</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine, fixed dose of 1.2mg/kg/day (n=48)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=49)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6 to 17 diagnosed with ADHD and ASD according to the DSM-IV. (n=97)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l36"><li id="ch4.lt142" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>37% received no previous drug treatment</p>
|
||
<p>All subjects scored over 1.5 SD above age-standard norms for ADHD-RS. Sub-type not stated. Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
<p>Comorbid autism spectrum disorder</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huss 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref349"><sup>349</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Guanfacine 4–7mg/day (n=115)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine (n=112)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=111)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6 to 17 years who met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=338)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l37"><li id="ch4.lt143" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 10 to 13 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt144" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality at 10 to 13 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt145" class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood pressure at 10 to 13 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt146" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 10 to 13 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>85% combined, 12% inattentive and 3% hyperactive impulsive</p>
|
||
<p>Moderate severity (ADHD-RS score of 32 or higher at baseline)</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jafarinia 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref355"><sup>355</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Bupropion 100mg/d if <30kg, 150mg/d if >30kg(n=22)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate 20mg if <30kg, 30mg is >30kg (n=22)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents aged 6–17 who met the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for ADHD (n=44)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l38"><li id="ch4.lt147" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tachycardia at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt148" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite</div></li><li id="ch4.lt149" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>All patients were drug naïve.</p>
|
||
<p>All subjects scored over 1.5 SD above age-standard norms for ADHD-RS. Subtype diagnosis not stated. Baseline scores of ADHD-RS show the majority of the population had severe ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jain 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref359"><sup>359</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Clonidine (0.2mg/kg per day and 0.4mg/kg per day) (n=158)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=78)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children 6 to 17 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=236)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l39"><li id="ch4.lt150" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events</div></li><li id="ch4.lt151" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt152" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Minimum score of 26 on ADHD-RS</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kahbazi 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref371"><sup>371</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=23) Intervention 1: CNS stimulants - Modafinil. Once daily 200–300mg per day depending on weight (200mg/day for <30kg and 300mg/day for >30kg).</p>
|
||
<p>(n=23) Intervention 2: No treatment - Placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=46) Children aged 6 to 15 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l40"><li id="ch4.lt153" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight loss at 5 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>ADHD-RS-IV score at least 1.5 SDs above norms.</p>
|
||
<p>All combined subtype (mean baseline ADHD-RS score of 36)</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaplan 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref374"><sup>374</sup></a> (Biederman 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine (n=53)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=45)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children 7 to 13 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=98)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l41"><li id="ch4.lt154" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt155" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 9 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear line of treatment and subtype.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kelsey 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref377"><sup>377</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine. Maximum of 1.8mg/kg per day (n=133)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo. (n=64)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6–12 who met ADHD diagnostic criteria as defined by DSM-IV (n=197)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l42"><li id="ch4.lt156" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt157" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.5% had previous stimulant exposure. Participants were required to have an ADHD-RS score of 1.5SDs above gender and age norms. 96% combined type, 28% inattentive, 3% hyperactive impulsive. Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kollins 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref387"><sup>387</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention 1:</p>
|
||
<p>Extended release guanfacine 1–3 mg/day (n=121)</p>
|
||
<p>Control: Placebo. (n=57)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents 6–17 meeting DSM-IV-TR ADHD criteria (n=178)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l43"><li id="ch4.lt158" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Previous treatment allowed, proportion not stated.</p>
|
||
<p>ADHD subtype not stated. All subjects had a baseline score of >24 on the ADHD-RS-IV and a baseline score> 4 on the CGI-S scale.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martenyi 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref435"><sup>435</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine, titrated to a max dose of 1.8mg/kg/day (n=72)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=33)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents aged 6–16 who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD (n=105)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l44"><li id="ch4.lt159" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events</div></li><li id="ch4.lt160" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt161" class="half_rhythm"><div>Suicide at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt162" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt163" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt164" class="half_rhythm"><div>Height changes at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All participants were stimulant naive, however 40% were on nortropics (n=30) or psychotropics (n=14) before the trial, and 10% continued another medication during the trial. All ADHD subtypes were included, 72.4% combined, 24% inattentive, 5% hyperactive. Baseline scores of ADHD-RS show the majority of the population had severe ADHD.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mohammadi 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref463"><sup>463</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=23) Intervention 1: CNS stimulants – Methylphenidate (20–30mg/day depending on weight)</p>
|
||
<p>(n=23) Intervention 2: No treatment - Standard treatment. Buspirone tablets 20–30mg doses depending on weight</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=46) Children aged 6–14 years who met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l45"><li id="ch4.lt165" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt166" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt167" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tics at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>ADHD-RS-IV score of at least 1.5 standard deviations above norms for patient’s age and gender</p>
|
||
<p>All combined subtype and drug naive</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Michelson 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref459"><sup>459</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 0.5–1.8mg/kg per day (n=213)</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=84)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 8 to 18 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=297)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l46"><li id="ch4.lt168" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 13 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt169" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased weight at 13 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt170" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite 13 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt171" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (Sleep (insomnia)) at 13 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Required to be at least 1.5 SD above the age and gender norms as assessed by ADHD-RS-IV.</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Michelson 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref457"><sup>457</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 1.2mg/kg/d (n=84)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=84)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents aged 8–18 who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD (n=168)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l47"><li id="ch4.lt172" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt173" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of therapy.</p>
|
||
<p>All/mixed subtypes. 57.6% combined, 40.6% inattentive, 1.8% hyperactive impulsive.</p>
|
||
<p>Participants scored 1.5 SDs above age and gender norms on ADHD RS. Baseline scores of ADHD-RS show the majority of the population had severe ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Montoya 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref466"><sup>466</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 1.2mg/kg/d(n=100)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=51)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents aged 6–15 years who were newly diagnosed (≤ 3 months) with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR (n=151)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l48"><li id="ch4.lt174" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 12 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt175" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 12 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>All patients drug naïve.</p>
|
||
<p>All/mixed subtypes (63.1% combined, 32.9% inattentive, 4% hyperactive). Mean total ADHD-RD-IV score (parent) = 39 at baseline. Baseline scores of ADHD-RS show the majority of the population had severe ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nagaraj 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref476"><sup>476</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=19) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Antipsychotics – Risperidone</p>
|
||
<p>(n=21) Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=40) children aged 6 to 12 years diagnosed with autism according to DSM-IV criteria, who were referred to outpatients clinics due to symptoms of hyperactivity, aggression and language difficulties.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l49"><li id="ch4.lt176" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight at 6 months</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20% have had previous treatment (n=20)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Newcorn 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref481"><sup>481</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Interventions: Atomoxetine, 0.8–1.8 mg/kg per day (n=82)</p>
|
||
<p>OROS methylphenidate, 18–54 mg/day (n=82)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=27)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6–16 diagnosed with ADHD as per the DSM-IV criteria (n=191)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l50"><li id="ch4.lt177" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt178" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt179" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subpopulation of stimulant naïve subjects.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Newcorn 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref483"><sup>483</sup></a> (Stein 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref601"><sup>601</sup></a>; Young 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref707"><sup>707</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Extended release guanfacine maximum dose 4mg/d (n=227)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=113)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6–12 years diagnosed with ADHD as per the DSM-IV criteria (n=340)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l51"><li id="ch4.lt180" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt181" class="half_rhythm"><div>Suicidal ideation at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt182" class="half_rhythm"><div>Increased appetite at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt183" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line.</p>
|
||
<p>All/mixed subtypes (Predominantly inattentive subtype was an exclusion criteria). All participants had ADHD-RS-IV baseline score of 28 or more, and a CGI-S score of 4 or more.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palumbo 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref495"><sup>495</sup></a> (Daviss 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref206"><sup>206</sup></a>, Cannon 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref141"><sup>141</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate (n=29)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 2: Clonidine (n=31)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 3: Methylphenidate and clonidine combination (n=32)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo (n=30)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents 7–12 meeting DSM-IV-TR ADHD criteria (n=122)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l52"><li id="ch4.lt184" class="half_rhythm"><div>Heart palpitations at 16 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt185" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 16 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt186" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 16 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt187" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 16 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt188" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychotic symptoms at 16 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear line of treatment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sallee 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref549"><sup>549</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Guanfacine (n=256) All doses – 1, 2, 3 and 4mg/day.</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=66)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents 6–17 meeting DSM-IV-TR ADHD criteria (n=182)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l53"><li id="ch4.lt189" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt190" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiovascular events at 9 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>73% combined, 26% inattentive, 2% hyperactive/impulse</p>
|
||
<p>Severity: Mixed (Mean ADHD-RS-IV score of 40.1 (SD 8.65))</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Scahill 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref557"><sup>557</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Extended release guanfacine. Maximum 3mg (<25kg) and 4mg (>25kg). (n=30)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo (n=32)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 5–14 who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD (n=62)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l54"><li id="ch4.lt191" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt192" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychotic symptoms at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Mixed line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>A minimum score of 24 on the parentrated Aberrant behaviour Checklist-hyperactivity subscale, a CGI-S score of moderate or greater and an IQ of 35 (or mental age of 18 months) or greater. Baseline scores of ADHD-RS show the majority of the population had severe ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Simonoff 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref579"><sup>579</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate 0.5mg, 1mg and 1.5mg/kg TDS (n=61)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=61)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 7–15 with a diagnosis of ICD-10 Hyperkinetic disorder and a full scale IQ of 3–69 (n=122)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l55"><li id="ch4.lt193" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 16 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt194" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 16 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt195" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 16 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt196" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 16 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
<p>Mean baseline scores of Teacher Conners ADHD Index of 20.6 (SD9.5)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Singer 1995<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref580"><sup>580</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Crossover (n=34)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 1:</p>
|
||
<p>Tricyclic antidepressants - Desipramine 25mg-100mg per day</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 2:</p>
|
||
<p>Clonidine. total daily dose of clonidine, 0.2mg/day</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison: No treatment - Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 7 to 14with who met the DSM-III criteria for ADHD and Tourette’s syndrome or other tic disorders</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l56"><li id="ch4.lt197" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear line of treatment and subtype.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spencer 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref594"><sup>594</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=21) Intervention 1: Tricyclic antidepressants - Amitriptyline (50mg/day; titrated up to 3.5mg/kg per day unless adverse effects developed)</p>
|
||
<p>(n=20) Intervention 2: No treatment - Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n-41) Children aged 5 to 17 years with a diagnosis of ADHD ascertained from clinical referrals to a paediatric psychopharmacology unit. All subjects had a history of Tourette disorder or non-Tourette disorder chronic tic disorders.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l57"><li id="ch4.lt198" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt199" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disturbed sleeping at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt200" class="half_rhythm"><div>Improvement to tics at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Combined subtype</p>
|
||
<p>22/41 participants had been previously treated with stimulants.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spencer 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref600"><sup>600</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Desipramine. 3.5mg/kg per day (n=21)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=20)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children diagnosed with ADHD as per the DSM-IV criteria (n=41)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l58"><li id="ch4.lt201" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt202" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tics at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
<p>53.6% had received previous stimulants. Baseline scores of ADHD-RS show the majority of the population had severe ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Svanborg 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref614"><sup>614</sup></a> (Svanborg 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref613"><sup>613</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 1.2mg/kg or 80mg/day (n=49)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=50)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6–15 diagnosed with ADHD as per the DSM-IV criteria (n=99)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l59"><li id="ch4.lt203" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 10 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>All patients stimulant naïve. All/mixed subtypes (77.8% combined, 4% hyperactive, 18.2% inattentive). Baseline mean total ADHDRS-IV = 39</p>
|
||
<p>Baseline scores of ADHD-RS show the majority of the population had severe ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Swanson 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref615"><sup>615</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Modafinil (n=120)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=63)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents (6 to 17 years) meeting DSM-IV-TR ADHD criteria (n=183)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l60"><li id="ch4.lt204" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tachycardia at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt205" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systolic blood pressure at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt206" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt207" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt208" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychotic symptoms at 7 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Severity of 1.5 SDs above the US age and gender norms on the ADHD-RS-Parent Version</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Takahashi 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref618"><sup>618</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=62) Intervention 1: CNS stimulants - Atomoxetine. 0.5mg/kg per day</p>
|
||
<p>(n=60) Intervention 2: CNS stimulants - Atomoxetine. 1.2mg/kg</p>
|
||
<p>(n=61) Intervention 3: CNS stimulants - Atomoxetine. 1.8mg/kg per day</p>
|
||
<p>(n=62) Intervention 4: No treatment - Placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=245) children aged 6 to 17 years who met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l61"><li id="ch4.lt209" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total adverse events at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt210" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>At least 1.5SDs above norm on ADHD-RS</p>
|
||
<p>61.2% inattentive, 4.5% hyperactive/impulsive, 34.2% combined</p>
|
||
<p>46% stimulant naïve</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trzepacz 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref636"><sup>636</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine. Mixed dosage (n=281)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo (n=113)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=394) children aged 6 to 15 years with a diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l62"><li id="ch4.lt211" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sexual dysfunction at 15 months</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Line of treatment unclear</p>
|
||
<p>73% combined subtype, 22% inattentive and 5% hyperactive</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van der heijden 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref642"><sup>642</sup></a>; Hoebert 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref337"><sup>337</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Melatonin 3mg if <40kg, 6mg if > 40kg (n=54)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=53)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged between 6–12, diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria and chronic sleep-onset insomnia (SOI) (n=107_</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l63"><li id="ch4.lt212" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 4 year follow up</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>All/mixed subtypes (73% of patients were of combined subtype of ADHD, 21% of patients were of the inattentive subtype and 3.8% were of the hyperactive/impulsive subtype). Approximately half of the population had at least one psychiatric comorbidity-suggesting moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref649"><sup>649</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 0.8–1.8 mg/kg/day (n = 164)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate 0.2–0.6 mg/kg/day (n = 166)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents aged 6–16 years, weighing between 20 and 60 kg who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=330)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l64"><li id="ch4.lt213" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt214" class="half_rhythm"><div>Appetite changes at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt215" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>24% had had previous exposure to stimulant treatment. All/mixed subtypes (59% of patients were of combined subtype of ADHD, 38% of patients were of the inattentive subtype and 3% were of hyperactive/impulsive subtype). Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wehmeier 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref658"><sup>658</sup></a> (Wehmeier 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref657"><sup>657</sup></a>, Wehmeier 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref655"><sup>655</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=63) Intervention 1: CNS stimulants – Atomoxetine (1.2mg/kg per day)</p>
|
||
<p>(n=62) Intervention 2: No treatment - Placebo.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=125) children aged 6 to 12 years old who met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l65"><li id="ch4.lt216" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>70.4% of the study population included patients with combined subtype of ADHD, 22.4% with predominantly inattentive subtype and 0.8% with predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype</p>
|
||
<p>75.2% of the study population were stimulant naive, previous treatment with atomoxetine was an exclusion criteria</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wehmeier 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref659"><sup>659</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=64) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine (1.2mg/kg per day)</p>
|
||
<p>(n=64) Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=128) children aged 6 to 12 years who met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l66"><li id="ch4.lt217" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusion criteria: previous treatment with atomoxetine or other psychotropic medication other than the study drug</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weiss 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref664"><sup>664</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=101) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine (1.2mg/kg per day; maximum 1.6mg/kg per day)</p>
|
||
<p>(n=52) Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=153) children aged 8 to 12 years with a diagnosis of ADHD confirmed using a structured interview and clinical assessment.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l67"><li id="ch4.lt218" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt219" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 7 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>ADHD Index score at least 1.5 SDs above age and sex norms.</p>
|
||
<p>Hyperactive/impulsive 0.7%, Inattentive 26.8%, 72.5% combined</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wilens 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref691"><sup>691</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Extended release guanfacine, max dose 4–7mg depending on weight (n=157)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=155)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 13–17 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=312)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l68"><li id="ch4.lt220" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with any adverse events at 15 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt221" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality at 15 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt222" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 15 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt223" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 15 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Around 75% of the population had previously used stimulant medication Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD. 68% combined subtype, 29% inattentive subtype, and 3% hyperactive subtype.</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wolraich 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref698"><sup>698</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate 18–54mg/day (n=189; 94 OROS-MPH, 94 IR MPH</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>placebo (n=89)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children and adolescents 6–12 meeting DSM-IVTR ADHD criteria (n=278)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l69"><li id="ch4.lt224" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total participants with adverse events at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt225" class="half_rhythm"><div>Increase in tics at 4 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>73.4% combined, 19.5% inattentive and 7.1% hyperactive/impulsive</p>
|
||
<p>20.2% received no stimulant therapy, 67.7% methylphenidate, 5.7% other medication, 6.4% hadn’t received any medication in the previous 4 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>Severity not stated</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zarinara 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref710"><sup>710</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=19) Intervention 1: Venlafaxine. Patients were randomised to receive 50–75 mg/day depending on weight</p>
|
||
<p>(n=19) Intervention 2: CNS stimulants – Methylphenidate(2 0–30mg per day depending on weight)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=38) Children aged 6 to 12 years who met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l70"><li id="ch4.lt226" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt227" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Baseline ADHD-RS-IV scores were ~30 (teacher rated)</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
<p>All combined subtype</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review (Non-randomised)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=240) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Guanfacine 2mg/day</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 5 to 17 years diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l71"><li id="ch4.lt228" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiovascular events at 24 months</div></li><li id="ch4.lt229" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight at 24 months</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
<p>Subtypes not specified</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dittmann 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref215"><sup>215</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=159) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 0.5–1.2mg/kg per day</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 1217 years who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l72"><li id="ch4.lt230" class="half_rhythm"><div>Liver function at 24 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Combined and inattentive subtypes.</p>
|
||
<p>Moderate severity.</p>
|
||
<p>86.2% previously treated for ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findling 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref243"><sup>243</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=274) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine 30–70mg per day</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children 6 to 12 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=318)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l73"><li id="ch4.lt231" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight at 11 months</div></li><li id="ch4.lt232" class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood pressure at 11 months</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Combined and hyperactive subtypes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Germanario 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref280"><sup>280</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=296) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate</p>
|
||
<p>(n=294) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6 to 18 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria (n=590)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l74"><li id="ch4.lt233" class="half_rhythm"><div>Height at 24 months</div></li><li id="ch4.lt234" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight at 24 months</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>All participants drug naïve prior to the study</p>
|
||
<p>90% combined subtype, 5.6% inattentive subtype, 4.4% hyperactive subtype</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Groenman 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref305"><sup>305</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=327) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Stimulants</p>
|
||
<p>(n=61) Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>No stimulants</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(n=388) Children aged 5–17 years with a formal diagnosis of ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l75"><li id="ch4.lt235" class="half_rhythm"><div>Substance use disorder at 4.4 years</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtype and line of treatment not specified</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hoebert 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref337"><sup>337</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=105) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Melatonin (dose of 3mg per day if weight was less than 40kg, 6mg per day if weight was more than 40kg)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 6–12 years who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l76"><li id="ch4.lt236" class="half_rhythm"><div>Insomnia at 4 years</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All participants had chronic onset sleep insomnia</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shin 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref571"><sup>571</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(n=114,647) Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate. Exposure was defined by submitted prescriptions, mean duration of 0.5 months for each period of drug use</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>No treatment (same population; defined as non exposed periods where drugs were not used)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children aged 17 years or younger with an ADHD diagnosis according to ICD-10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l77"><li id="ch4.lt237" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiovascular events at 6 months</div></li><li id="ch4.lt238" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality at 6 months</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtype, line of treatment and severity unclear.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review (RCTs)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a> (Mattingly 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref440"><sup>440</sup></a>, Adler 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a>, Kollins 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref389"><sup>389</sup></a>) Adler<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a> Babcock 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Interventions:</p>
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate 30mg/d (n=119), lisdexamfetamine dimesylate 50mg/d (n=117), lisdexamfetamine 70mg/d (n=122)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=62)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–55 years with moderate to severe (>28) ADHD according to DSM-IV (n=420)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l79"><li id="ch4.lt251" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total number of participants with adverse events at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt252" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt253" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anorexia at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt254" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt255" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 4 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>All subjects had moderate to severe ADHD as rated by a clinician on ADHD-RS (scores 28 or above).</p>
|
||
<p>Doses have been combined as there no difference was reported. The highest number of adverse events were reported in the first week on the 30mg dose.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 80mg/d (n=224)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=218)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–65 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and social anxiety disorder. (n=442)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l80"><li id="ch4.lt256" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total numbers of participants with adverse events at 16 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt257" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 16 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt258" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sexual dysfunction at 16 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt259" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 16 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>86.9% generalized social anxiety disorder, 23.3% also had generalised anxiety disorder. Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a> (Brown 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 80mg/d (n=250)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=251)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–65 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=501)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l81"><li id="ch4.lt260" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 10 and 24 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt261" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sexual dysfunction at 10 and 24 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>72% combined subtype</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment; exclusion criteria: failure to respond to an adequate trial of ADHD stimulant medication, buproprion or other nonstimulant medications.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate titrated -max 108mg (n=113)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=116)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Adults aged 18–65 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV</p>
|
||
<p>Chronic from childhood (n=229)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l82"><li id="ch4.lt262" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total numbers of participants with adverse events at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt263" class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood pressure at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt264" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt265" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 7 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt266" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 7 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Severity: AISRS score of 24 or higher</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment; known non-responders were excluded from the study</p>
|
||
<p>80% combined subtype.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine, max dose 70mg/day (n=80)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=81)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–26 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV (n=161)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l83"><li id="ch4.lt267" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total numbers of participants with adverse events at 10 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt268" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 10 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt269" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 10 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>81.11% combined, 18.24% inattentive, 0.63% hyperactive-impulsive</p>
|
||
<p>Severity: baseline score of 39.9 on ADHD-RS</p>
|
||
<p>Line of treatment unclear</p>
|
||
<p>No reported deaths or serious adverse events</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amiri 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Venlafaxine 75mg TDS (n=22)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=22)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–45 years diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria. (n=44)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l84"><li id="ch4.lt270" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sexual dysfunction at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>All participants were drug naïve.</p>
|
||
<p>The participants were parents or siblings of children diagnosed to have ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arnold 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention 1:</p>
|
||
<p>Modafinil 255mg/day (n = 73)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 2:</p>
|
||
<p>Modafinil 340mg/day (n = 73)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 3:</p>
|
||
<p>Modafinil 425mg/day (n=74)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 4:</p>
|
||
<p>Modafinil 510mg/day (n=44)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n = 74)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 and over diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria. (n = 338)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l85"><li id="ch4.lt271" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total numbers of participants with adverse events at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt272" class="half_rhythm"><div>Suicidal ideation at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt273" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tachycardia at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt274" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anorexia at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt275" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychotic symptoms at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt276" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 9 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>37% of the population had received ADHD medication within the last 5 years.</p>
|
||
<p>Baseline CGI-S scores show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref97"><sup>97</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate CR, maximum dose of 1.3mg/kg (n=72)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=77)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 19–60 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV (n=149)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l86"><li id="ch4.lt277" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac events at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt278" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt279" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt280" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sexual dysfunction at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>Baseline CGI-S scores show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention: OROS methylphenidate, max dose 1.3 mg/kg (n = 112)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=115)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 19–60 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV (n=227)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l87"><li id="ch4.lt281" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt282" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac events at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>Subjects had to endorse a moderate or severe level of impairment attributed to the ADHD symptoms. Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biederman 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine, max dose 70mg/day (n=35)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=34)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–26 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV (n=69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l88"><li id="ch4.lt283" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac events at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt284" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt285" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear line of treatment.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Butterfield 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref139"><sup>139</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Guanfacine (n=13)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=13)</p>
|
||
<p>Treatment augmentation; CNS stimulants continued.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Adults with ADHD who had a sub-optimal response to CNS stimulants (lisdexamfetamine, amphetamine/dextroamphetamine or methylphenidate) (n=26).</p>
|
||
<p>Mean age: 37.5.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l89"><li id="ch4.lt286" class="half_rhythm"><div>Increased appetite at 9 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Suboptimal response was defined as participant’s dissatisfaction with clinical progress and either an ADHD-RS-IV of >/=28 or CGI-S >/= 4.</p>
|
||
<p>Mean final dispensed dose was 4.8 mg/day. Range of 2 to 6 mg/day.</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Casas 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref144"><sup>144</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention 1:</p>
|
||
<p>OROS methylphenidate 54mg (n=90)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 2:</p>
|
||
<p>OROS methylphenidate 72mg (n=92)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=97)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults 18–65 with ADHD diagnosed by DSM-IV (n=279)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l90"><li id="ch4.lt287" class="half_rhythm"><div>Palpitations at 13 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt288" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 13 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt289" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight loss at 13 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt290" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 13 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>70% combined subtype; 26% inattentive; 4% hyperactive-impulsive</p>
|
||
<p>CAARS-O:SV score of 36</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment; known non-responders to methylphenidate were excluded.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Durrell 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a> (Adler 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine, 80–100mg/day. Mean dose 87.1mg/day (n=220)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=225)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–30 years that met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=445)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l91"><li id="ch4.lt291" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 12 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt292" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 12 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>64% of subjects were drug naïve.</p>
|
||
<p>Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
<p>78% had combined subtype, 21.6% had the inattentive subtype and 0.45% had the hyperactive/impulsive subtype.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goodman 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref293"><sup>293</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate modified release long acting Max 72 mg</p>
|
||
<p>(n=178)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
<p>(n=179)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 – 65 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=357)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l92"><li id="ch4.lt293" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total numbers of participants with adverse events at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt294" class="half_rhythm"><div>Palpitations at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt295" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt296" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
<p>81% were of the combined subtype of ADHD, 2% were predominantly inattentive subtype. 17% of the study population reported lifetime psychiatry co-morbidity of autism-spectrum disorder, 73% reported mood and anxiety disorder, 100% reported duct disorder, 97% had antisocial personality disorder and 10% demonstrated psychotherapy as a co-morbidity. All participants had a lifetime substance use disorder.</p>
|
||
<p>Baseline scores on CAARS-O:SV, ASRS, CGI-S and GAF show participants had severe ADHD</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goto 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref294"><sup>294</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 40–120mg/day (n=195)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=196)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 and over who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=391)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l93"><li id="ch4.lt297" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight loss at 10 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt298" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 10 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt299" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 10 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>22% had prior stimulant exposure</p>
|
||
<p>All participants were required to have a CGI-S score of 4 or more.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jain 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref360"><sup>360</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate OROS 80mg/d</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
<p>Crossover trial (n=50)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults 18–60 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l94"><li id="ch4.lt300" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 3 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusion of known non-responders</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Kooij 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref394"><sup>394</sup></a></p>
|
||
<p>LAMDA-II</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate IR, titrated up to 1mg/kg/day</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
<p>Crossover trial: (n=45)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 20–56 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l95"><li id="ch4.lt301" class="half_rhythm"><div>Palpitations at 3 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt302" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 3 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt303" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tics at 3 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Stimulant naïve population.</p>
|
||
<p>All subtypes were included. Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
<p>the placebo group.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kuperman 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref399"><sup>399</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention 1:</p>
|
||
<p>Bupropion SR, maximum dose 300mg/day (n=11)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 2:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate IR, max dose 0.9mg/kg/day (n=8)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=11)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–60 years who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=30)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l96"><li id="ch4.lt304" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total numbers of participants with adverse events at 7 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had mild ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref406"><sup>406</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine, maximum dose 120mg daily (n=37)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=37)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 and over who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=74)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l97"><li id="ch4.lt305" class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood pressure at 10 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt306" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 10 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt307" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight loss at 10 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt308" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 10 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>19.2% had previous treatment with stimulants.</p>
|
||
<p>All subtypes were included: Inattentive (39.7%).</p>
|
||
<p>Hyperactive/impulsive (4.1%), Combined (56.2%). All patients had a score of 2 or more on 6 or more items of either the inattentive or hyperactive/impulsive subscale scores, CGI-ADHD-S score of 4 or more at baseline. Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Levin 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref410"><sup>410</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate max 60mg/d (n=53)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=53)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 to 65 years who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and met criteria for cocaine dependence (n=106)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l98"><li id="ch4.lt309" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 14 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear line of treatment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Medori 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref452"><sup>452</sup></a></p>
|
||
<p>Rosler 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref539"><sup>539</sup></a></p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate CR, maximum dose 72mg/day (n=305)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=96)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Adults aged 18 to 65 years who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD.(n=401)</p>
|
||
<p>Exclusion criteria included responders</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l99"><li id="ch4.lt310" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight loss at 5 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt311" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 5 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>70.8% combined subtype; 24.2% inattentive subtype; 4% hyperactive-impulsive subtype (1% unspecified)</p>
|
||
<p>Severity: Conners Adult ADHD score of >24.</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment: non-responders to methylphenidate were excluded</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Michelson 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref456"><sup>456</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 80–120mg/d (n=270)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=266)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 and over who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=536)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l100"><li id="ch4.lt312" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt313" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt314" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sexual dysfunction at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>66.4% combined, 31% inattentive, 2.6% hyperactive/impulsive</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment; patients responding to initial placebo trial were excluded</p>
|
||
<p>CGI-S score of 4.7</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paterson 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref498"><sup>498</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Dexamphetamine, up to six tablets per day (n=24)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=21)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 19–57 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l101"><li id="ch4.lt315" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight changes at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>All subtypes were included. Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reimherr 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref527"><sup>527</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention: OROS Methylphenidate, up to maximum dose 90mg daily</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo</p>
|
||
<p>Crossover trial: (n=47)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 19–57 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l102"><li id="ch4.lt316" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 4 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt317" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 4 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Line of treatment not specified</p>
|
||
<p>Subtype not specified Baseline ADHD-RS scores of 36.2</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retz 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref529"><sup>529</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate CR, maximum daily dose 1mg/kg (n=84)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=78)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 and over who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=162)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l103"><li id="ch4.lt318" class="half_rhythm"><div>Palpitations at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Riahi 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref532"><sup>532</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Reboxetine 8mg twice a day (n=23)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=17)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults age 18 and over diagnosed with ADHD (n=40)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l104"><li id="ch4.lt319" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 4 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear line of treatment.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rosler 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref538"><sup>538</sup></a> (Rosler 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref540"><sup>540</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate CR, maximum dose 60mg/day (n=241)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=118)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults age 18 and over who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (n=359)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l105"><li id="ch4.lt320" class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood pressure at 24 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38% of the population had previous treatment for ADHD.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spencer 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref595"><sup>595</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate IR, maximum dose of 1.3mg/kg (n=104)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=42)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 19–60 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV (n=146)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l106"><li id="ch4.lt321" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 6 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>Subjects met full DSM-IV-R criteria (at least six of nine symptoms) for inattentive or hyperactive/impulsive subtypes (or both) by age 7 and within the past month.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spencer 2007<sup>59616</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention 1:</p>
|
||
<p>Dexamphetamine ER</p>
|
||
<p>20mg/d (n=58)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 2:</p>
|
||
<p>Dexamphetamine ER</p>
|
||
<p>40mg/d (n=55)</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention 3:</p>
|
||
<p>Dexamphetamine ER</p>
|
||
<p>60mg/d(n=55)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=53)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Adults 18–60 years diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria with childhood onset (n=221)</p>
|
||
<p>ADHD-RS score > 24</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l107"><li id="ch4.lt322" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 5 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
<p>No dose related effects.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sutherland 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref612"><sup>612</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 80–100mg/d (n=97)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=47)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–60 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria and AISRS (n=144)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l108"><li id="ch4.lt323" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 8 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt324" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sexual dysfunction at 8 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>A third group were randomised to atomoxetine plus buspirone; this data will be included in the pharmacological combination review. All subjects had to have a score of 24 or more on the AISRS scale, Mean scores AISRS = 36</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Takahashi 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref619"><sup>619</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention: OROS Methylphenidate (n= 143)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n= 141)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–64 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (n=284)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l109"><li id="ch4.lt325" class="half_rhythm"><div>Palpitations at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt326" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt327" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychotic symptoms at 9 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt328" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 9 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Drug exposure for 54 days</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Taylor 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref623"><sup>623</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention 1</p>
|
||
<p>Dexamphetamine, max dose 40 mg/day</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention</p>
|
||
<p>Modafinil, max dose 400 mg/day</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison: Placebo</p>
|
||
<p>Crossover trial: (n=22)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–59 years with ADHD according to DSM-IV</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l110"><li id="ch4.lt329" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 2 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Crossover trial of three, 2 week drug treatment comparisons.</p>
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment. Subjects had to meet full DSM-IV criteria for the disorder by the age of 7 years as well as currently. 11 subjects were of the inattentive subtype, 9 were of the combined subtype and 2 were of the hyperactive subtype</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Wigal 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref683"><sup>683</sup></a></p>
|
||
<p>Wigal 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref682"><sup>682</sup></a></p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Early dose optimisation and then 2 week RCT</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine, max dose 70mg/day (n=115)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=117)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Adult ADHD</p>
|
||
<p>Known responders and then optimised (n=132)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l111"><li id="ch4.lt330" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total numbers of participants with adverse events at 2 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt331" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 2 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear line of treatment</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wilens 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref686"><sup>686</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 25–100mg/d (n=72)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=75)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults over the age of 18 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and had an ADHD symptom severity score >20 on the AISRS. (n=147)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l112"><li id="ch4.lt332" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 13 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt333" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 13 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Unclear line of treatment.</p>
|
||
<p>Subjects also met DSM-IV-TR criteria for alcohol use disorders (abuse or dependence). AISRS baseline = ~40.3, ASRS baseline = 50, CGI-S baseline = 4.8. Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Winhusen 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref696"><sup>696</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention: OROS Methylphenidate (n= 127)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n= 128)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults over the age of 18, who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for adult ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l113"><li id="ch4.lt334" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total number of participants with adverse events at 24 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt335" class="half_rhythm"><div>Palpitations at 24 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt336" class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood pressure at 24 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt337" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 24 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt338" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 24 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear line of treatment.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Young 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref708"><sup>708</sup></a> (Wietecha 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref669"><sup>669</sup></a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 60–100mg/d (n=268)</p>
|
||
<p>Comparison:</p>
|
||
<p>Placebo (n=234)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults over the age of 18, who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for adult ADHD, had a historical diagnosis during childhood and a CGI-ADHD-S score of 4+. (n=502)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l114"><li id="ch4.lt339" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 8 and 24 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt340" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleep (insomnia) at 8 and 24 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt341" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sexual dysfunction at 8 and 24 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>84% of the subjects were stimulant naïve.</p>
|
||
<p>68.7% of the study population were of the combined subtype of ADHD, 31.1% of inattentive subtype, 0.2% of the hyperactive/impulsive subtype. No co-morbid conditions reported. Participants randomised to the intervention arm were initiated to treatment during an assessment stage prior to the trial. Participants who were unable to tolerate the drug were excluded from the trial. Baseline scores of CGI-S show the majority of the population had moderate ADHD.</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review (non-randomised)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine 80mg/d (n=384)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 and over who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l115"><li id="ch4.lt342" class="half_rhythm"><div>Insomnia at 221 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt343" class="half_rhythm"><div>Erectile dysfunction at 221 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Long term open label extension of Michelson 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref456"><sup>456</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adler 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate 36–108mg/day (mean dose 67.7mg/day) (n=550)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 to 65 years who met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l116"><li id="ch4.lt344" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total numbers of participants with adverse events at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt345" class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood pressure at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt346" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt347" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt348" class="half_rhythm"><div>Insomnia at 52 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buitelaar 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention: OROS methylphenidate max 90mg per day (n=155)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 to 65 years who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and completed the Medori 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref452"><sup>452</sup></a> trial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l117"><li id="ch4.lt349" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total numbers of participants with adverse events at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt350" class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation due to adverse event at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt351" class="half_rhythm"><div>Insomnia at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt352" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension at 52 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>52 week open label non comparative extension of Medori 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref452"><sup>452</sup></a></p>
|
||
<p>Rosler 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref539"><sup>539</sup></a></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ginsberg 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref287"><sup>287</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Methylphenidate modified release long acting</p>
|
||
<p>Max >60 mg (n=298)</p>
|
||
<p>Open label extension of Huss 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref348"><sup>348</sup></a></p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Adults aged 18 – 60 who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD childhood onset</p>
|
||
<p>Known responders</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l118"><li id="ch4.lt353" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tachycardia at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt354" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 52 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>No changes were reported in blood pressure, pulse rate or body weight.</p>
|
||
<p>No deaths were reported.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hirata 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref336"><sup>336</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention:</p>
|
||
<p>Atomoxetine, 40–120mg/day (n=233)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18 and over who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l119"><li id="ch4.lt355" class="half_rhythm"><div>Palpitations at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt356" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt357" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight decreased at 52 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52 week open label non comparative extension of Goto 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref294"><sup>294</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Weisler 2009</p>
|
||
<p>(Mattingly 2013)<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref660"><sup>660</sup></a><sup>(</sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref440"><sup>440</sup></a><sup>)</sup></p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention</p>
|
||
<p>Lisdexamfetamine, max dose</p>
|
||
<p>70mg/day (n=349)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged 18–55 years with moderate to severe (>28) ADHD according to DSM-IV</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch4.l120"><li id="ch4.lt358" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total numbers of participants with adverse events at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt359" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased appetite at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt360" class="half_rhythm"><div>Decreased weight at 52 weeks</div></li><li id="ch4.lt361" class="half_rhythm"><div>Insomnia at 52 weeks</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52 week open label non comparative extension of Adler 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Methylphenidate versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus placebo (pre-schoolers) (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tachycardia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>325</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>1 week</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in the control group</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>35</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure in the control group was 91mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Mean systolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was 5mmHg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(3.17 lower to 13.17 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>35</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure in the control group was 63mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Mean diastolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was 1mmHg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(5.18 lower to 7.18 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight (kg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>35</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_1">a</a></sup> due to risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_4">d</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight in the intervention group was 1.9kg lower (from 5.94 lower to 2.14 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Height (cm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>35</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab7_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean height in the control group was 109.2cm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Mean height in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.2cm higher</p>
|
||
<p>(5.41 lower to 5.81 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab7_3"><p class="no_margin">To note: this was a crossover study of 1 week on placebo and 1 week on each of 4 doses of methylphenidate (n=165). Risk was calculated by pooling number of events in each dose, and number of participants that took each dose.</p></div></dd><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab7_4"><p class="no_margin">Control group risk not reported</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Methylphenidate versus risperidone</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus risperidone (pre-schoolers) (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (sedation)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>38</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab8_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab8_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.15 (0 to 7.58)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>42 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 50 fewer to 235 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>38</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab8_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab8_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab8_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 8.26 (0.16 to 418.42)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60 more 1000 (from 80 fewer to 190 more)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">IR Methylphenidate versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>316</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>3 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.36</p>
|
||
<p>(1.06 to 1.75)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">379 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>136 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 23 more to 284 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>69</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.95</p>
|
||
<p>(1.11 to 3.43)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">300 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>285 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 33 more to 729 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tachycardia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>40</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.39 (0.15 to 372.38)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 more per 1000 (from 80 less to 100 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tachycardia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>49</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.65 (0.15 to 385.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 more per 1000 (from 60 less to 120 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>84</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure in the control group was 95mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Systolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>3.18mmHg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.76 to 5.6 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>181</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure in the control group was 102mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Systolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.05mmHg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(1.75 lower to 3.84 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>22</p>
|
||
<p>(1 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure in the control group was 94.7mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was 2.90 higher (from 0.37 to 5.43 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>122</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure in the control group was 64.4mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was 3.20 mmHg higher (0.21 lower to 6.61 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>122</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>2 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See comment<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_3">c</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Mean weight in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.07kg lower</p>
|
||
<p>(17.03 to14.89 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>181</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control group was +1.4kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight in the intervention group was 1.9kg lower (2.61 to 1.18kg)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Height (cm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>34</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean height in the control group was 109.2cm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Height change in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.2cm higher</p>
|
||
<p>(5.41 lower to 5.81 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seizures</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>66</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>3 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.33 (0.32 TO 5.5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>30 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 62 fewer to 409 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychotic symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>59</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.06 TO 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>523</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3 weeks–8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 5.57</p>
|
||
<p>(2.82 to 11)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>177 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 79 more to 317 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>59</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.21 (0.03 to 1.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">167 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>131 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 280 fewer to 20 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Increase in tics</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>351</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.62 (0.29 to 1.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>34 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 64 fewer to 31 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">YGTSS tics global severity;0–100; lower scores are beneficial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>62</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab9_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean YGTSS global severity score in the control group was 28.3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean YGTSS global severity score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.8 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(6.28 lower to 9.88 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab9_3"><p class="no_margin">Control group means not reported.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">OROS methylphenidate versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with OROS Methylphenidate versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>293 (1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab10_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab10_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.23 (0.98 to 1.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">541 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124 per 1000 (from 11 fewer to 297 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>514</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6–7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab10_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure increase in the control group was 1mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean systolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was 1.98mmHg lower (2.32 to 1.64 lower)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>514</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6–7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab10_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure increase in the control group was 1.3mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean diastolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was 0.83mmHg lower (0.82 lower to 3.33 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>514</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6–7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab10_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight gain in the control group was 1.1kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Mean weight in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>2kg lower</p>
|
||
<p>(2.23 to 1.77 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>221</p>
|
||
<p>(1 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab10_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab10_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 3.93 (0.6 to 25.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 more per 1000 (from 0 to 90 more)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Methylphenidate versus no treatment (non-randomised)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cardiovascular events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>114,647 (1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>Mean follow up 6 months</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab11_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab11_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.07 (2.72 to 3.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 more events per 1000 (5 more to7 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Substance misuse</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>388 (1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>Mean follow up 4.4 years</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab11_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab11_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.71 (0.45 to 1.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">279 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 fewer per 1000 (from 156 more to 36 fewer)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment for indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">IR methylphenidate versus OROS methylphenidate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate IR versus OROS methylphenidate (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>189 (1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup>a,b</sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.09 (0.79 to 1.5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">426 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 more per 1000 (from 89 fewer to 213 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>272</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>3 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a,b,c</sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.46</p>
|
||
<p>(0.15 to 1.47)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>35 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 55 fewer to 30 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>272</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>3 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a,b</sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.87</p>
|
||
<p>(0.27 to 2.79)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>6 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 32 fewer to 77 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Increase in tics</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>189</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a,b</sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 7.31 (0.15–368.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 40 more)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(f)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment because the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with any adverse event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>600</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>4–7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab13_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 2.2 (1.5 to 3.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">530 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">183 more per 1000 (from 98 more to 253 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All-cause mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>314</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab13_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>535</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>4–7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab13_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the control group was 1.6mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the intervention group was 1.78mmHg lower (2.08 to 1.48 lower)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>535</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>4–7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab13_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the control group was 0.8mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the intervention group was 0.57mmHg lower (0.25 to 0.89 lower)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>221 (1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab13_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control group was 0.7kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the intervention groups was 2.8kg lower (3.2 to 2.4 lower)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>604</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>4–7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab13_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 3.66</p>
|
||
<p>(1.79 to 7.48)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>17 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 5 more to 41 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>825</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>4–7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab13_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 3.84</p>
|
||
<p>(2.34 to 6.31)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>51 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 25 more to 91 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate versus methylphenidate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Lisdexamfetamine versus methylphenidate (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>222</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab14_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the control group was 0.3mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the intervention group was 0.7mmHg higher (2.05 lower to 3.45 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>222</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab14_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the control group was 1.7mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the intervention group was 1.5mmHg lower (4.07 lower to 1.07 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>222</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab14_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control groups was 1.3kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the intervention groups was 0.8kg lower (1.24 to 0.36 lower)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>222</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab14_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab14_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.78</p>
|
||
<p>(0.82 to 3.85)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>63 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 15 fewer to 231 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Atomoxetine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Atomoxetine versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Overall participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>993 (5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6–10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.18</p>
|
||
<p>(1.06, 1.32)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">567 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102 more per 1000 (from 34 more to 173 fewer)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Overall participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>84 (1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.75</p>
|
||
<p>(1.19, 2.56)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">373 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">276 more per 1000 (from 71 more to 581 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All-cause mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>105</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.04 to 0.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suicidal ideation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>105</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.04 to 0.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1216</p>
|
||
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6–13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the control group was 1.8mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure in the intervention group was 1.62mmHg lower (1.87 to 1.37 lower)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>944</p>
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6–13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the control group was 0.3mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group was 2.8mmHg higher (1.67 to 3.93 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Change in height</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>754</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6–8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean height change in the control group was 2.46cm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean height change in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.99cm lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1.78 to 0.2 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Change in weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>754</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6–12 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control group was 1.1kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight was</p>
|
||
<p>1.61kg lower in the intervention group</p>
|
||
<p>(1.73 to 1.48 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Change in weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>709</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>12–18 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control group was 2.65kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight was</p>
|
||
<p>2.11kg lower in the intervention group</p>
|
||
<p>(2.46 to 1.76 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Change in weight at high risk (anxiety disorders)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>176</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control group was 1.39kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.94kg lower</p>
|
||
<p>(2.5 lower to 1.38 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>492</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 2.13</p>
|
||
<p>(0.93 to 4.91)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>31 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 2 to 101 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (Insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>640</p>
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6–13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.71</p>
|
||
<p>(1.04 to 2.81)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>49 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 3 more to 124 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (Insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>315</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>13–16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.85</p>
|
||
<p>(0.32 to 2.29)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 35 fewer to 67 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tic severity (YGTSS); 0–100; lower scores are beneficial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>265</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>8–16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean tic severity score in the control group was −2.5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean tic severity score was 7.9 lower in the intervention group (9.35 to 4.85 lower)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tics</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>32</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3 (0.71 to 12.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">250 more per 1000 (36 more to 1000 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tremor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>32</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.5 (0.05 to 4.98)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 more pre 1000 (6 more to 623 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sexual dysfunction</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>394</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>70 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab15_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Methylphenidate versus atomoxetine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus atomoxetine (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>440</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab16_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.99 (0.87 to 1.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">675 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 fewer per 1000 (from 88 fewer to 88 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>440</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab16_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the control group was −0.6mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the intervention groups was 0.3mmHg lower (0.55 to 0.05 lower)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>440</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab16_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the control group was −3.8mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the intervention groups was 0.7 lower (2.84 lower to 1.44 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>770</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6 to 8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab16_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight loss in the control group was 0.8kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight change in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.37kg lower</p>
|
||
<p>(0.6 to 0.14 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>330</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab16_2">b</a></sup> due to imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.56</p>
|
||
<p>(0.19 to 1.64)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>24 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 44 fewer to 35 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Methylphenidate versus atomoxetine (non-randomised)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus atomoxetine (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight (kg; final values)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>83</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>24 months</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab17_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab17_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight in the control group was 49.11kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>2.31kg lower</p>
|
||
<p>(9.97 to 5.35 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Height (Z scores; change scores)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>83</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>24 months</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab17_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab17_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean height z score in the control group was 0.441</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean height in the intervention groups was 0.48 lower (0.77 to 0.19 lower)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Atomoxetine versus lisdexamfetamine dimesylate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Atomoxetine versus lisdexamfetamine (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>267</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.99</p>
|
||
<p>(0.85 to 1.15)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 fewer per 1000 (from 108 fewer to 108 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>267</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the control group was 0.7mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was 0.1mmHg lower (2.15 lower to 1.95 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>267</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the control group was 0.1mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was 1.2mmHg higher (0.79 lower to 3.19 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>267</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.32</p>
|
||
<p>(0.16 to 0.65)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">211 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>143 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 74 fewer to 177 fewer)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>267</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab18_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.53</p>
|
||
<p>(0.23 to 1.21)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>53 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 87 fewer to 24 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">Atomoxetine versus guanfacine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Atomoxetine versus guanfacine (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>226</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>10–13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab19_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.88</p>
|
||
<p>(0.75 to 1.03)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">772 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>93 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 193 fewer to 23 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>226</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>10–13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab19_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab19_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab19_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 2.1</p>
|
||
<p>(1.2 to 3.68)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>145 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 26 more to 353 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>226</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>10–13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab19_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab19_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.63</p>
|
||
<p>(0.27 to 1.45)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>42 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 83 fewer to 51 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab19_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab19_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab19_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">Guanfacine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Guanfacine versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1438 (5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>5–13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.26 (1.07 to 1.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">634 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">171 more per 1000 (from 114 more to 234 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>312 (1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>15 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup>1,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.21 (1.1 to 1.33)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">774 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">163 more per 1000 (from 77 more to 255 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All-cause mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>754</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>8–15 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW due to risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.01 to 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cardiovascular events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>322</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_1">a</a></sup> due to risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.02 to 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>34</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_2">b</a></sup> due to imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure in the control groups was 110.5mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the intervention group was 0.2mmHg higher (9.43 lower to 9.83 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suicidal ideation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>340</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_2">b</a></sup> due to imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 1.5</p>
|
||
<p>(0.06 to 36.53)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 20 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>877</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>8–15 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.17</p>
|
||
<p>(0.77 to 1.77)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>16 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 22 fewer to 73 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychotic symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>62</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_2">b</a></sup> due to imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 7.9</p>
|
||
<p>(0.16 to 398.87)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 more per 1000 (from 50 fewer to 120 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>877</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>8–15 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.77</p>
|
||
<p>(1.02 to 3.08)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>35 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 5 fewer to 96 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tic severity; 0–25; lower scores are beneficial</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>17</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab20_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tic severity in the control arm was 15.4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean tic severity in the intervention groups was 4.7 lower (8.93 lower to 0.47 higher)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab20_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab20_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab20_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment because the majority of the evidence had indirect outcome.</p></div></dd><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab20_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because the point estimate varies widely across studies, unexplained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab21" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 21</span><span class="title">Clonidine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Clonidine versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>208</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.16</p>
|
||
<p>(0.99 to 1.36)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">718 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>115 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 7 fewer to 258 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>71</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 2.8</p>
|
||
<p>(1.7 to 4.6)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">300 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>540 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 210 more to 1000 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All-cause mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>220</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.03 TO 0.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tachycardia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>61</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.06 to 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>61</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean systolic blood pressure in the control arm was −2mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean systolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.1mmHg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(3.24 lower to 5.44 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>61</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean systolic blood pressure in the control arm was −1.3mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean diastolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.1mmHg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(3.91 lower to 4.11 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight changes (kg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>61</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean weight increase in the control group was 1.4kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight increase in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>0.6kg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.57 lower to 1.77 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychotic symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>61</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.06 to 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>220</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 2.51</p>
|
||
<p>(0.33 to 19.34)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>31 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 14 fewer to 382 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>61</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.97</p>
|
||
<p>(0.31 to 3.01)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">167 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 115 fewer to 335 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Increase in tics</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>66</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab21_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.21</p>
|
||
<p>(0.51 to 2.86)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">219 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>46 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 107 fewer to 407 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab21_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab21_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab22" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">Methylphenidate versus clonidine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus Clonidine (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.7 (0.5 to 0.98)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">839 per 100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">252 less per 1000 (from 17 fewer to 419)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tachycardia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 7.92</p>
|
||
<p>(0.16 to 399.84)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 more (from 50 fewer to 120 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the control group was −0.9mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the intervention group was 0.1mmHg lower (4.58 lower to 4.38 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control group was +2kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the intervention group was 1.7kg lower (3.02 to 0.38 lower)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0 (−0.06 to 0.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in both arms</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.21</p>
|
||
<p>(0.03 to 1.72)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">161 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>127 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 156 fewer to 116 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Increase in tics</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>71</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>16 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab22_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.82</p>
|
||
<p>(0.36 to 1.87)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">265 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>48 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 169 fewer to 230 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab22_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab22_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab23" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 23</span><span class="title">Clonidine versus desipramine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab23_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Clonidine versus Desipramine (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total Participants with adverse events (<3 months)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>68</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab23_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.08</p>
|
||
<p>(0.84 to 1.37)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">765 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>61 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 122 fewer to 283 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab23_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab24" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Desipramine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab24_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Despiramine versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>41</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab24_2">b</a></sup> due to indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 8.75</p>
|
||
<p>(1.38 to 55.58)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">240 more per 1000 (from 50 more to 430 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (difficulty sleeping)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>41</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab24_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 3.81</p>
|
||
<p>(0.46 to 31.23)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>140 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 27 fewer to 1000 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Improvement of tics</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>41</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 10.48</p>
|
||
<p>(1.49 to 73.88)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>474 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 25 more to 1000 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab24_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab24_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab25" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Methylphenidate versus venlafaxine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab25_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus venlafaxine (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>37</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab25_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab25_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 3.69</p>
|
||
<p>(0.88 to 15.49)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>283 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 13 fewer to 1000 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>37</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 5.28</p>
|
||
<p>(1.34 to 20.86)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>451 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 36 more to 1000 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab25_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab25_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment because the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab26" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Risperidone versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab26_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Risperidone versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>40</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 months</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab26_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab26_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control groups was 1.71kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight change in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.1kg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.04 to 2.16 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleeping problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>36</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab26_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab26_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.36</p>
|
||
<p>(0.08 to 1.61)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">294 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>188 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 271 fewer to 179 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tremor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>36</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab26_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab26_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.79</p>
|
||
<p>(0.37 to 8.57)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>93 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 74 fewer to 891 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab26_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab26_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab27" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Methylphenidate versus buproprion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab27_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus Buproprion (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>30 (1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab27_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab27_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.8 (0.79 to 4.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">333 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">261 more (70 fewer to 1000 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tachycardia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>40</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab27_2">b</a></sup> due to imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 2</p>
|
||
<p>(0.2 to 20.33)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>50 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 40 fewer to 966 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>70</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab27_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab27_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab27_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.52 (0.17 to 1.59)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">371 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>136 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 280 fewer to 113 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>70</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab27_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab27_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.7 (0.21 to 2.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">286 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>67 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 208 fewer to 190 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tremor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>30</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab27_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab27_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 0.14</p>
|
||
<p>(0 to 6.82)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>57 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 67 fewer to 261 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab27_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab27_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab27_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment because the majority of the evidence had indirect outcomes.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab28" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Modafinil versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab28_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Modafinil versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tachycardia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>183</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 4.6</p>
|
||
<p>(0.07 to 284.33)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 40 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>636</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure in the control group was 103.8mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure in the intervention group was 0.07mmHg higher (1.56 lower to 1.71 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>248</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_1">a</a></sup> due to risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the control group was −0.5mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group was 0.03mmHg higher (2.88 lower to 2.95 higher)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>429</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>7–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control group was +0.65kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight change in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.26kg lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1.51 lower to 1.63 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>46</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>5 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2 (0.19 to 20.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 more per 1000 (from 36 fewer to 850 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychotic symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>183</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 4.6</p>
|
||
<p>(0.07 to 284.33)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 40 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>631</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_1">a</a></sup> due to risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 4.12</p>
|
||
<p>(2.57 to 6.61)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>101 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 53 more to 167 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>97</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>8 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>Autism population</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab28_2">b</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.61</p>
|
||
<p>(0.15 to 2.42)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>40 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 86 fewer to 121 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab28_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab28_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab29" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 29</span><span class="title">Methylphenidate versus modafinil</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab29_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus modafinil (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased weight</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab29_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 2.33</p>
|
||
<p>(0.67 to 8.18)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>133 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 33 fewer to 718 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab29_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab30" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 30</span><span class="title">Methylphenidate versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab30_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Methylphenidate versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1267</p>
|
||
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>5–8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.31</p>
|
||
<p>(1.2 to 1.43)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">601 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>186 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 120 more to 258 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events - Immediate release</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>24</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>5–8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.12</p>
|
||
<p>(0.67 to 1.89)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">667 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>80 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 220 fewer to 594 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">adverse events - OROS</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>5–8 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(1.2 to 1.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">564 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>175 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 113 more to 248 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>533</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>13–24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.16</p>
|
||
<p>(1.06 to 1.26)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">763 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>122 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 46 more to 198 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cardiac events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>375</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 2.6</p>
|
||
<p>(0.83 to 8.13)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>32 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 3 fewer to 143 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cardiac events 24 weeks</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>96</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 4.39</p>
|
||
<p>(0.57 to 33.62)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>98 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 12 fewer to 946 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>229</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the control groups was −0.5 mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean systolic blood pressure change was 0.7 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(3.12 lower to 1.72 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>359</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure in the control groups was 123 mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean systolic blood pressure - systolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was 1 mmHg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(2.17 lower to 4.17 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>229</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the control groups was 0.4 mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean diastolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was 0.7 mmHg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(1.13 lower to 2.53 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>359</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure in the control groups was 78 mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean diastolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was the same</p>
|
||
<p>(2.13 lower to 2.13 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palpitations (immediate release and OROS MPH)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1294</p>
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 7.3</p>
|
||
<p>(3.68 to 14.46)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>88 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 38 more to 188 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palpitations - Immediate release MPH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>90</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>3 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 4</p>
|
||
<p>(0.47 to 34.41)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>66 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 12 fewer to 735 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palpitations- OROS MPH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1204</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>3–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 7.68</p>
|
||
<p>(3.73 to 15.82)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>47 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 19 more to 104 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palpitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>893</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>13–24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 3.45</p>
|
||
<p>(1.97 to 6.06)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 8 more to 40 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1882</p>
|
||
<p>(8 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_5">e</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 4.57</p>
|
||
<p>(3.37 to 6.21)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>200 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 133 more to 292 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>989</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>13–24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_5">e</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 3.59</p>
|
||
<p>(2.46 to 5.24)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>137 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 77 more to 225 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>323</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>4–7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control groups was 0.39kgs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight change in the intervention groups was 2.11 kgs lower</p>
|
||
<p>(2.77 to 1.44 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight loss</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>401</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>5 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.38</p>
|
||
<p>(0.54 to 3.56)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>20 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 24 fewer to 133 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight loss</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>279</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 3.46</p>
|
||
<p>(1.24 to 9.64)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>101 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 10 more to 354 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anorexia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>3 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 3.67</p>
|
||
<p>(1.09 to 12.36)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>160 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 5 more to 682 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anorexia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>279</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 2.4</p>
|
||
<p>(0.84 to 6.89)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>57 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 7 fewer to 241 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychotic symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>284</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 7.29</p>
|
||
<p>(0.14 to 367.25)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 30 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia) (immediate release MPH and OROS MPH)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2076</p>
|
||
<p>(10 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.88</p>
|
||
<p>(1.42 to 2.48)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 29 more to 101 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)- Immediate release MPH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>236</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_4">d</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.47</p>
|
||
<p>(0.88 to 2.45)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">194 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>91 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 23 fewer to 281 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia) - OROS MPH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1840</p>
|
||
<p>(8 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 2.04</p>
|
||
<p>(1.47 to 2.84)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 27 more to 107 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>736</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>13–24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.47</p>
|
||
<p>(0.99 to 2.18)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>55 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 1 fewer to 137 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tics</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>90</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>3 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 2.81</p>
|
||
<p>(0.38 to 20.67)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>37 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 14 fewer to 295 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tremor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>279</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 4.8</p>
|
||
<p>(0.62 to 37.31)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>38 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 4 fewer to 363 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sexual dysfunction</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>359</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab30_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 3.3</p>
|
||
<p>(1.18 to 9.23)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>78 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 6 more to 280 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab30_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab30_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab30_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab30_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID.</p></div></dd><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab30_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab31" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 31</span><span class="title">Lisdexamfetamine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab31_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Lisdexamfetamine versus Placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>811</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2–10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.17</p>
|
||
<p>(0.87 to 1.56)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">581 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>99 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 76 fewer to 325 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cardiac events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>69</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_5">e</a></sup> due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.97</p>
|
||
<p>(0.06 to 14.91)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 27 fewer to 403 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>880</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2–10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_6">f</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 7.2</p>
|
||
<p>(3.64 to 14.26)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>236 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 100 more to 504 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change - 30mg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>181</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control groups was 0.5 kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight change - 30mg in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>3.3kg lower</p>
|
||
<p>(4.63 to 1.97 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change - 50mg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>179</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control groups was 0.5 kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight change - 50mg in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>3.6kg lower</p>
|
||
<p>(4.92 to 2.28 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change - 70mg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>184</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control groups was 0.5 kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight change - 70mg in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>4.8kg lower</p>
|
||
<p>(6.12 to 3.48 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight loss</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>159</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 8.21</p>
|
||
<p>(1.99 to 33.91)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 more per 1000 (from 30 more to 170 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anorexia 4–10 weeks</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>579</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>4–10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 4.4</p>
|
||
<p>(1.46 to 13.25)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 more per 1000 (from 20 more to 80 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>880</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2–10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 3.73</p>
|
||
<p>(1.84 to 7.57)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>93 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 29 more to 223 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sexual dysfunction</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>159</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab31_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 7.78</p>
|
||
<p>(1.08 to 56.29)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 more per 1000 (from 0 more to 100 more)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab31_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab31_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded due to heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab31_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID.</p></div></dd><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab31_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab31_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed two MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(f)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab31_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab32" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 32</span><span class="title">Dexamphetamine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab32_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Dexamphetamine ER versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change (kg)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>45</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control group was 0.286kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight change in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>3.31kg higher</p>
|
||
<p>(2.05 to 4.58 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>262</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2–5 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab32_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab32_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab32_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 2.08</p>
|
||
<p>(0.96 to 4.49)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>56 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 4 fewer to 188 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>262</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2–5 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab32_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab32_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.62</p>
|
||
<p>(0.84 to 3.09)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">148 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab32_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>92 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 24 fewer to 309 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab32_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab32_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab32_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab33" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 33</span><span class="title">Atomoxetine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab33_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk difference with Atomoxetine versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1115</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>8–10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.31</p>
|
||
<p>(1.03 to 1.65)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">649 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>201 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 19 more to 422 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1387</p>
|
||
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>12–25 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.13</p>
|
||
<p>(1.06 to 1.19)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">773 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>100 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 46 more to 147 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palpitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>74</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_5">e</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.5</p>
|
||
<p>(0.27 to 8.46)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>27 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 39 fewer to 403 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>71</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean systolic blood pressure change in the control groups was 1.2 mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean systolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>4.5 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(0.77 lower to 9.77 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diastolic blood pressure</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>71</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean diastolic blood pressure change in the control groups was 1.4mmHg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean diastolic blood pressure in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>2.7 higher</p>
|
||
<p>(1.74 lower to 7.14 higher)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>71</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_2">b</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_3">c</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control groups was 0.3kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight change in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>2.4 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(3.65 to 1.15 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>147</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>13 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean weight change in the control groups was 0.42kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The mean weight change in the intervention groups was</p>
|
||
<p>1.33 lower</p>
|
||
<p>(1.98 to 0.68 lower)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight loss</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>465</p>
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 6.34</p>
|
||
<p>(2.47 to 16.23)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>16 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 4 more to 44 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2537</p>
|
||
<p>(6 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>8–10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_6">f</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 4.92</p>
|
||
<p>(3.52 to 6.87)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>122 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 78 more to 182 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2017</p>
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>12–24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_4">d</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_6">f</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 4.19</p>
|
||
<p>(2.95 to 5.96)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>89 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 55 more to 139 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1757</p>
|
||
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>8–10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 2</p>
|
||
<p>(1.29 to 3.1)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>84 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 24 more to 176 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1890</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>12–24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.75</p>
|
||
<p>(1.3 to 2.34)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>53 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 21 more to 95 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sexual dysfunction</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1655</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>8–10 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>MODERATE<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 4.73</p>
|
||
<p>(2.36 to 9.49)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>45 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 16 more to 102 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sexual dsyfunction</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1890</p>
|
||
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>12–24 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab33_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 5.43</p>
|
||
<p>(2.36 to 12.5)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>18 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 5 more to 46 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab33_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab33_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded due to heterogeneity, unexplained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab33_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID.</p></div></dd><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab33_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab33_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(f)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab33_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab34" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 34</span><span class="title">Guanfacine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab34_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Guanfacine versus Placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Increased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>26</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab34_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab34_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.5</p>
|
||
<p>(0.05 to 4.86)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">154 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>77 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 146 fewer to 594 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab34_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab34_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab35" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 35</span><span class="title">Venlafaxine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab35_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk difference with Venlafaxine versus Placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sexual dysfunction</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>44</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>6 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab35_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 7.75</p>
|
||
<p>(0.47 to 128.03)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control group</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90 more per 1000 (from 50 fewer to 230 more)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab35_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab36" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 36</span><span class="title">Buproprion SR versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab36_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Bupropion SR versus Placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>25</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab36_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab36_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.04</p>
|
||
<p>(0.61 to 1.78)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">667 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>27 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 260 fewer to 520 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab36_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab36_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab37" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 37</span><span class="title">Buproprion SR versus methylphenidate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab37_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk difference with Bupropion SR versus methylphenidate (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>25</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>7 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab37_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab37_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.92</p>
|
||
<p>(0.57 to 1.5)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">750 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>60 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 322 fewer to 375 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab37_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab37_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab38" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 38</span><span class="title">Modafinil versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab38_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Modafinil versus Placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total participants with adverse events</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>338</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab38_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 1.01</p>
|
||
<p>(0.91 to 1.12)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">851 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 77 fewer to 102 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suicidal ideation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>338</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab38_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab38_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 3.6</p>
|
||
<p>(0.03 to 411.56)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 20 less to 20 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tachycardia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>338</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab38_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab38_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 3.6</p>
|
||
<p>(0.03 to 411.56)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 20 less to 20 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decreased appetite</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>44</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>2 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab38_3">c</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab38_4">d</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision, indirectness</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 8.58</p>
|
||
<p>(1.13 to 65.51)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">180 more per 1000 (from 10 more to 350 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anorexia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>338</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab38_1">a</a></sup><sup>,3</sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 3.55</p>
|
||
<p>(1.13 to 11.18)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>105 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 5 more to 417 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychotic symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>338</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab38_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab38_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>OR 3.6</p>
|
||
<p>(0.03 to 411.56)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 events in control arm</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 20 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
||
<p>2–9 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">due to risk of bias, imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(1.18 to 3.91)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">145 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>167 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 26 more to 422 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab38_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab38_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab38_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID.</p></div></dd><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab38_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments if the majority of evidence had indirect outcomes.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab39" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 39</span><span class="title">Modafinil versus dexamphetamine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab39_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Modafinil versus Dexamphetamine (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>44</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>2 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab39_1">a</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 0.5</p>
|
||
<p>(0.18 to 1.42)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">364 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>182 fewer per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 298 fewer to 153 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab39_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch4.tab40" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 40</span><span class="title">Reboxetine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578097/table/ch4.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab40_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Reboxetine versus placebo (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sleep (insomnia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>40</p>
|
||
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
||
<p>4 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>VERY LOW<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab40_1">a</a></sup><sup>,</sup><sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch4.tab40_2">b</a></sup></p>
|
||
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>RR 5.91</p>
|
||
<p>(0.81 to 42.92)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>290 more per 1000</p>
|
||
<p>(from 11 fewer to 1000 more)</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab40_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab40_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed1 MID.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review</p><p>These evidence reviews were developed by the National Guideline Centre</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2018.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK578097</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35192259" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">35192259</a></span></div></div></div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="bottom">
|
||
|
||
<div id="NCBIFooter_dynamic">
|
||
<!--<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="breadcrumbs"/>
|
||
<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="helpdesk"/>-->
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js"> </script>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--/.page-->
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!--/.wrap-->
|
||
</div><!-- /.twelve_col -->
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- /.grid -->
|
||
|
||
<span class="PAFAppResources"></span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- BESelector tab -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<noscript><img alt="statistics" src="/stat?jsdisabled=true&ncbi_db=books&ncbi_pdid=book-toc&ncbi_acc=NBK578097&ncbi_domain=niceng87er4&ncbi_report=printable&ncbi_type=fulltext&ncbi_objectid=&ncbi_pcid=/NBK578097/?report=printable&ncbi_app=bookshelf" /></noscript>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- usually for JS scripts at page bottom -->
|
||
<!--<component id="PageFixtures" label="styles"></component>-->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID /projects/books/PBooks@9.11 portal107 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
|
||
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID"></span>
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/js/3879255/4121861/3501987/4008961/3893018/3821238/3400083/3426610.js" snapshot="books"></script></body>
|
||
</html> |