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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng136er7-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence review for step 4 treatment" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK578063_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for step 4 treatment</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management</div><p><b>Evidence review G</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 136</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2019 Aug</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3503-1</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="ch7.s1"><h2 id="_ch7_s1_">1. Step 4 treatment</h2><div id="ch7.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What is the most clinically and cost-effective sequence for step 4 treatment for hypertension?</h3></div><div id="ch7.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>Antihypertensive treatment is usually very effective in lowering blood pressure to within normal limits. However, in some individuals, blood pressure remains elevated despite being prescribed multiple antihypertensive medications, and these individuals remain at an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. The term ‘resistant hypertension’ is commonly applied to individuals who are prescribed 3 antihypertensive medications including a diuretic, but their blood pressure remains above the target. Those with resistant hypertension have double the risk of cardiovascular events than those without resistant hypertension, thus making them an important group to study. Estimates vary as to what proportion of those with hypertension have ‘resistant hypertension’, but it is generally thought to be around 5%.</p><p>Current clinical practice when selecting a step 4 treatment is to choose 1 of a number of medications based on the person’s and the clinician’s preference without robust evidence as to which might lower blood pressure the most effectively. During the guideline scoping process, a number of recently published clinical studies were highlighted that were designed to identify which medication(s) would be the optimal choice as step 4 treatment. In this chapter, the evidence for choosing a step 4 medication was reviewed.</p></div><div id="ch7.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details, see the review protocol in <a href="#ch7.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch7.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="ch7.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant clinical studies comparing step 4 antihypertensive pharmacological treatment received for a minimum of 1 year were identified.</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch7.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#ch7.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch7.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#ch7.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="ch7.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>One Cochrane review relevant to this review question was identified.<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a> This was excluded because it included crossover studies without the minimum washout period of 4 weeks as required for inclusion within this review. The references were checked for any relevant studies.</p><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch7.appi">appendix I</a>. <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch7appitab2" rid-ob="figobch7appitab2">Table 14</a> outlines the full excluded studies list, and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch7appitab1" rid-ob="figobch7appitab1">Table 13</a> provides additional detail of studies that were included in the previous guideline iteration (CG127) but excluded from this update.</p><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch7.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch7.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="ch7.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were identified.</p></div><div id="ch7.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>No health economic studies that were relevant to this question were excluded due to assessment of limited applicability or methodological limitations.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch7.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div><div id="ch7.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Resource costs</h4><p>Costs are illustrated below for average doses of the most commonly used drugs from each class listed on the review protocol, based on committee opinion.</p></div></div><div id="ch7.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="ch7.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><p>No relevant published evidence was identified.</p></div><div id="ch7.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><p>No relevant economic evaluations were identified.</p></div></div><div id="ch7.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="ch7.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="ch7.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee considered all-cause mortality, quality of life, stroke and myocardial infarction to be critical outcomes for decision-making. Heart failure, vascular procedures, angina and discontinuation or dose reduction due to side effects were also considered important for decision-making.</p><p>No relevant clinical studies were identified therefore no evidence was available for any of these outcomes.</p></div><div id="ch7.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>No clinical studies relevant to the review question were identified.</p></div><div id="ch7.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>No clinical studies relevant to this review protocol were identified.</p><p>The committee discussed the use of different step 4 antihypertensive treatments. It agreed that there was very little evidence within this area, so the committee formed consensus recommendations based on their clinical experience. They were aware of a trial (PATHWAY-2) that assessed the step 4 treatment in resistant hypertension. Afterdiscussing the findings of the PATHWAY-2 trial, they agreed that this study did not meet the inclusion criteria for this review due to having a short follow-up and no outcomes relevant to the agreed protocol. Nevertheless, it suggested that adding spironolactone could be effective at reducing blood pressure as a step 4 treatment. It was noted that higher doses of spironolactone were used (25 mg–50 mg), and the 50 mg dose was noted to lower blood pressure more. However, it was unclear what proportion of people were receiving the 50 mg dose. The study also suggested that amiloride could be as effective as spironolactone in lowering blood pressure. However, the committee noted that amiloride is more expensive, and it is taken twice a day, whereas spironolactone is taken only once daily making it a more convenient option for people who are already taking multiple medications. The committee agreed that changes in blood pressure alone, without information on cardiovascular events was not very informative to patient important outcomes, however they agreed that there was no evidence to suggest a better treatment option was available than spironolactone, which was now part of common clinical practice, and so it should still be recommended as step 4 treatment for those who had an inadequate response to 3 previous treatments.</p><p>It was discussed that the previous spironolactone dose recommendation of 25 mg once daily was too specific given the limited evidence base; instead, the committee decided to leave this more open as a ‘low-dose’ if the potassium level was 4.5 mmol/l or lower. The committee suggested that they were aware of recent evidence, outside of the remit for this reviwew, which suggested a smaller dose of 12.5 mg could be effective as a step 4 treatment. The committee also agreed that there was no evidence with hard outcomes data to warrant recommending a higher dose thiazide in people with higher potassium levels, and it was agreed that in this case alpha- or beta-blockers should be considered instead, as higher dose thiazide diuretics are not more effective than lower dose thiazide diuretics.</p><p>The need for further research to inform choice of step 4 treatment was discussed; however, the committee considered this would be unlikely to be funded, as the PATHWAY-2 trial had addressed this question previously, despite not including the hard cardiovascular outcomes this committee considered necessary to make a strong recommendation on the topic.</p><p>The committee discussed the need to seek specialist advice in order to investigate alternative reasons for a lack of response to treatment, such as adherence issues or secondary causes of hypertension to better manage treatment. The previous guideline recommendation stated that specialist advice should be sought regardless of whether a fourth antihypertensive drug was already added. The committee agreed that its clinical experience suggested the decision to seek specialist advice would be made on a case-by-case basis, but generally, it would either be appropriate to treat a person with resistant hypertension or to seek specialist advice. The committee highlighted the importance of taking the person’s preference into account, particularly where people might be concerned that they are already on 3 drugs and hadn’t responded well to these. The committee therefore agreed to reword the previous recommendation to clarify that either option should be considered.</p><p>The committee discussed the long-term implications of spironolactone treatment. Although there was no evidence identified for this within the review, including a lack of information on adverse events, the committee agreed that the multiple known harms of consistently high blood pressure outweighed this uncertainty. They did agree, however, that further evidence was required in order for healthcare professionals and people with hypertension to understand the choice of drugs available and the benefit and harms associated with each of these.</p><p>The committee discussed the use of ambulatory or home blood pressure measurement to confirm elevated blood pressure levels based on their experience and current practice. It was agreed that this is generally the method used in current practice to confirm resistant hypertension. Although there could be some variation in current practice, the committee agreed that this is the best and most accurate method of identifying people with resistant hypertension. Screening for postural hypotension was also considered an important factor to include in a recommendation, as it could affect whether additional treatment could be harmful.</p></div></div><div id="ch7.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this question.</p><p>The drugs that could be used for resistant hypertension can vary in price; for example, amiloride hydrochloride is more expensive than spironolactone. The population affected with resistant hypertension, although being a small proportion of those with hypertension (around 6%), still results in a large amount of people given the size of the hypertensive population.</p><p>It was discussed how the measurement method to confirm resistant hypertension is important and best practice would be to confirm elevated measurements using ambulatory or home blood pressure recordings. This has been added as a recommendation and is generally already believed to be current practice. But where it is not, it will be of benefit because it will more accurately identify those with resistant hypertension. The committee considered that the population on 3 drugs who actually have resistant hypertension is likely to be smaller than those labelled as having resistant hypertension. This could mean a reduction in treatment as there might be some overtreatment of resistant hypertension in practice due to inappropriate measurement (overtreatment can however also be because people are not properly adhering to their medication, rather than their medication is not working – although this is more difficult to identify). There might be some additional diagnostic costs involved if some areas do not currently confirm resistant hypertension in this way, but this depends on the measurement method; for example, if someone is already using home monitoring with their own device then that person could use the same method to diagnose if the hypertension is resistant.</p><p>There was no clinical evidence identified; therefore, the committee agreed to carry forward previous recommendations with some minor amendments. These included deleting a recommendation on considering higher dose thiazide-like diuretic therapy for those with high blood potassium levels, as this was not considered to be current practice and people would generally go onto step 4 of alpha or beta-blockers.</p><p>It was also discussed how the recommendation around seeking specialist advice for those in whom blood pressure was uncontrolled on 3 drugs was unclear, as it stated specialist advice should be sought even if a step 4 treatment was already added. The committee’s opinion was that not all clinicians would seek specialist advice, as some would be more comfortable trying a step 4 treatment and some would prefer to seek advice first. The recommendation was changed to make it clearer that step 4 treatment could be considered or specialist advice could be sought. As the previous recommendation was a consider recommendation, practice was variable as to whether people were seeking specialist advice; therefore, this wording change is unlikely to have an impact on practice. It was also discussed whether it should be specified if seeking advice means referring a person to a more specialist service, or if it should be stated who this individual might be. However, the committee agreed that asking for advice is more flexible because the advice may well be to refer the person, or it may be more of an informal discussion between clinicians. Additionally, specifying whether the specialist should be a hypertension specialist was thought to be too restrictive because the specialist could also be another role such as a cardiologist, nephrologist or endocrinologist and would really depend on local services.</p><p>On balance, the recommendations are not expected to have a resource impact.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch7.rl.r1"><h2 id="_ch7_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch7.ref1">Abarquez
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||
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||
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||
AM, van Ittersum
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||
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V, Izzo
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F, Marino
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et al. Should thiazide diuretics be given as first line antihypertensive therapy or in addition to other medications?
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High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention. 2015; 22(1):55–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24956971" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24956971</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>272.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch7.ref272">Umemoto
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||
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JD, Wilson
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N, Maronde
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||
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R. Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blockers telmisartan versus valsartan in combination with hydrochlorothiazide: A large, confirmatory trial. Blood Pressure Monitoring. 2008; 13(1):21–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18199920" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18199920</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup7"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup7_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch7.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><div id="ch7.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Review protocol: Step 4 treatment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the most clinically and cost-effective step 4 antihypertensive drug treatment for hypertension in adults?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Intervention review</p>
|
||
<p>A review of health economic evidence related to the same review question was conducted in parallel with this review. For details, see the health economic review protocol for this NICE guideline.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To establish which step 4 treatment is most clinically and cost effective in adults with hypertension that remains uncontrolled following step 3 treatment.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population / disease / condition / issue / domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Population: Adults (over 18 years) with primary hypertension are taking the maximally tolerated doses of at least 3 drugs (including a diuretic) and their blood pressure is still uncontrolled.</p>
|
||
<p>Stratify by:
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l4"><li id="ch7.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Presence or absence of type 2 diabetes</div></li><li id="ch7.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>The drug class(es) previously received</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s) / exposure(s) / prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Step 4 antihypertensive pharmacological treatment received for a minimum of 1 year.
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l5"><li id="ch7.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>Alpha-blockers</div></li><li id="ch7.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>Beta-blockers</div></li><li id="ch7.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other or further diuretics such as amiloride and spironolactone</div></li><li id="ch7.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aliskiren (direct renin inhibitors)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clonidine, minoxidil, methyldopa, moxonidine (centrally acting antihypertensive)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s) / control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l6"><li id="ch7.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>Compared against each other (class comparisons)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>Compared to placebo (class compared to placebo)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>All outcomes to be measured at a minimum of 12 months. Where multiple time points are reported within each study, the longest time point only will be extracted.</p><p><b>Critical</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l7"><li id="ch7.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality</div></li><li id="ch7.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>Health-related quality of life</div></li><li id="ch7.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>MI</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
<p><b>Important</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l8"><li id="ch7.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>Heart failure needing hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch7.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vascular procedures (including lower limb, coronary and carotid artery procedures)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Angina needing hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch7.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation or dose reduction due to side effects</div></li><li id="ch7.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effect 1: Acute kidney injury</div></li><li id="ch7.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effect 2: New onset diabetes</div></li><li id="ch7.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effect 3: Change in creatinine or eGFR</div></li><li id="ch7.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effect 4: Hypotension (dizziness)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Combined cardiovascular disease outcomes in the absence of MI and stroke data]</div></li><li id="ch7.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>[coronary heart disease outcome in the absence of MI data]</div></li></ul></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs and SRs</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Minimum follow up time: 1 year</p>
|
||
<p>Exclusions:
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l9"><li id="ch7.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies including participants with type 1 diabetes or chronic kidney disease (A3 or above [heavy proteinuria]). For the type 2 diabetes strata studies including participants with or chronic kidney disease (A2 or above [heavy proteinuria])</div></li><li id="ch7.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>Indirect populations with secondary causes of hypertension such as tumours or structural vascular defects (Conn’s adenoma, phaeochromocytoma, renovascular hypertension)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pregnant women</div></li><li id="ch7.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>Children (aged under 18 years)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>Crossover trials (unless washout is 4 weeks or more)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>Reserpine (withdrawn from UK market) – exclude studies using this treatment.</div></li></ul></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity / subgroup analysis, or metaregression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroups to explore heterogeneity:
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l10"><li id="ch7.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>Age (under 55, 55–74 and 75 or older)*</div></li><li id="ch7.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>Family origin (African and Caribbean, White, South Asian)</div></li></ul>
|
||
*To note that we will also extract evidence in those >80 years old if this evidence is reported separately.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening / selection / analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A senior research fellow will undertake quality assurance prior to completion.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
|
||
<p>GRADEpro will be used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
|
||
<p>Endnote will be used for bibliography, citations, sifting and reference management.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library</p>
|
||
<p>Language: Restrict to English only</p>
|
||
<p>Key papers: PATHWAY-2 trial (2015) <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)00257-3/abstract" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.thelancet<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.com/journals/lancet<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)00257-3<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/abstract</a></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yes, 2011</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg127" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg127</a>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for 1 database</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see <a href="#ch7.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms / duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch7.appd">appendix D</a> of the evidence report.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch7.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch7.apph">H</a> (health economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome / study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard study checklists were used to appraise individual studies critically. For details, please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
|
||
<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for quantitative analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see the separate Methods report for this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale / context – what is known</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details, please see the introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg127/history" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">multidisciplinary committee</a> developed the evidence review. The committee was convened by the National Guideline Centre (NGC) and chaired by Anthony Wierzbicki in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>. Staff from the NGC undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the evidence review in collaboration with the committee. For details, please see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding / support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds the NGC to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health and social care in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch7.appa.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Objectives</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Search criteria</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l11"><li id="ch7.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the clinical review protocol above.</div></li><li id="ch7.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant health economic study design (cost–utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost–consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li id="ch7.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of health economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li id="ch7.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Search strategy</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a health economic study filter – see <a href="#ch7.appb">appendix B</a> below. No date cut-off from the previous guideline was used.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Review strategy</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"><p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2002, abstract-only studies and studies from non-OECD countries or the US will also be excluded.</p><p>Studies published after 2002 that were included in the previous guideline(s) will be reassessed for inclusion and may be included or selectively excluded based on their relevance to the questions covered in this update and whether more applicable evidence is also identified.</p><p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in <a href="#ch7.apph">appendix H</a> of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref227"><sup>227</sup></a></p>
|
||
<p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l12"><li id="ch7.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’, then it will be included in the guideline. A health economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch7.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’, then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then a health economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch7.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both, then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
<p><b>Where there is discretion</b></p>
|
||
<p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question in discussion with the guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include health economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to exclude selectively the remaining studies. All studies excluded based on applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation in the excluded health economic studies appendix below.</p>
|
||
<p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p>
|
||
<p><i>Setting:</i>
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l13"><li id="ch7.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch7.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li id="ch7.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li id="ch7.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the US will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
<p><i>Health economic study type:</i>
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l14"><li id="ch7.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost–utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch7.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost–benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–consequences analysis).</div></li><li id="ch7.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li id="ch7.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
<p><i>Year of analysis:</i>
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l15"><li id="ch7.lt67" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li id="ch7.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2002 or later (including any such studies included in the previous guideline[s]) but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly before 2002 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li id="ch7.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2002 (including any such studies included in the previous guideline[s]) will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
<p><i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis:</i>
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l16"><li id="ch7.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis match with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review, the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline.</div></li><li id="ch7.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>Generally, economic evaluations based on excludes from the clinical review will be excluded.</div></li></ul></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch7.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/pmg20/resources/developing-nice-guidelines-the-manual-pdf-72286708700869" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014, updated 2017</a>.</p><p>For more detailed information, please see the Methodology Review. [Add cross reference]</p><div id="ch7.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the search where appropriate.</p><div id="ch7.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946–02 October 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
||
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974–02 October 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
|
||
<p>Systematic review studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Cochrane Reviews to Issue 8 of 12, August 2018</p>
|
||
<p>CENTRAL to Issue 7 of 12, July 2018</p>
|
||
<p>DARE and NHSEED to Issue 2 of 4, April 2015</p>
|
||
<p>HTA to Issue 4 of 4, October 2016</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch7.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypertens*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(elevat* adj2 blood adj pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(high adj blood adj pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(increase* adj2 blood pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systolic or diastolic or arterial) adj2 pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp pregnancy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/ not exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre eclampsia or pre-eclampsia or preeclampsia).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hypertension, Portal/ not exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hypertension, Pulmonary/ not exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intracranial Hypertension/ not exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Ocular Hypertension/ not exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/ not exp Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/9–15</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 not 16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18–25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 not 27</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/28–34</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 not 35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/ or exp infant/) not (exp adolescent/ or exp adult/ or exp middle age/ or exp aged/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36 not 37</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 38 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ACE inhibitor* or ACEI).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Captopril or Enalapril or Fosinopril or Imidapril or Lisinopril or Moexipril or Perindopril or Quinapril or Ramipril or Trandolapril or Capoten or Ecopace or Noyada or Innovace or Tanatril or Zestril or Perdix or Coversil or Accupro or Tritace).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Captopril/ or Enalapril/ or Fosinopril/ or Lisinopril/ or Perindopril/ or Ramipril/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Angiotensin II adj3 (antagonist* or blocker*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ARB.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Azilsartan or Candesartan or Eprosartan or Irbesartan or Losartan or Olmesartan or Telmisartan or Valsartan or Edarbi or Amias or Teveten or Aprovel or Ifirmasta or Sabervel or Cozaar or Olmetec or Tolura or Micardis or Diovan).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Losartan/ or Valsartan/ or Olmesartan Medoxomil/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Calcium Channel Blockers/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calcium channel blocker*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CCB.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Amlodipine or Clevidipine or Diltiazem or Felodipine or Isradipine or Lacidipine or Lercanidipine or Nicardipine or Nifedipine or Verapamil or Amlostin or Istin or Adizem or Angitil or Dilcardia or Dilzem or Slozem or Tildiem or Viazem or Zemtard or Kenzem or Cardioplen or Felendil or Neofel or Parmid or Plendil or Pinefeld or Vascalpha or Molap or Motens or Zanidip or Cardene or Adalat or Adipine or Coracten or Fortipine or Nifedipress or Tensipine or Valni or Securon or Verapress or Vertab or Univer or Zolvera or Cleviprex).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amlodipine/ or Diltiazem/ or Felodipine/ or Isradipine/ or Nicardipine/ or Nifedipine/ or Verapamil/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diuretics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diuretics, Thiazide/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((thiazide or thiazide-like or non-thiazide or conventional or potassium sparing) adj3 diuretic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((mineralocorticoid or aldosterone) adj3 antagonist*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Amiloride or Cyclopenthiazide or Spironolactone or Eplerenone or Bendroflumethiazide or Hydrochlorothiazide or Co-amilozide or Co-triamterzide or Co-zidocapt or Chlortalidone or Indapamide or Metolazone or Xipamide or Carace or Zestoretic or Coversyl or Accuretic or Cozaar or Sevikar or Olmetec or Actelsar or Tolucombi or Co-Diovan or Hygroton or Co-tenidone or Kalspare or Natrilix or Cardide or Indipam or Rawel or Tensaid or Alkapamid or Zaroxolyn or Diurexan or Aprinox or Neo-Naclex or CoAprovel or Lisoretic or Dyazide or Navispare or Lasilactone).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amiloride/ or Cyclopenthiazide/ or Spironolactone/ or Bendroflumethiazide/ or Hydrochlorothiazide/ or Chlortalidone/ or Indapamide/ or Metolazone/ or Xipamide/ or Chlorthalidone/ or Metolazone/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adrenergic beta antagonist* or beta blocker* or b blocker*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Carvedilol or Labetalol or Atenolol or Nadolol or Oxprenolol or Pindolol or Propranolol or Timolol or Acebutolol or Bisoprolol or Celiprolol or Esmolol or Metoprolol or Nebivolol or Tenormin or Tenif or Corgard or Slow-Trasicor or Visken or Viskladix or Bedranol or Beta-Prograne or Syprol or Betim or Sectral or Cardicor or Congescor or Celectol or Breviblock or Betaloc or Lopresor or Nebilet).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Labetalol/ or Nadolol/ or Oxprenolol/ or Pindolol/ or Propranolol/ or Timolol/ or Acebutolol/ or Bisoprolol/ or Celiprolol/ or Metoprolol/ or Nebivolol/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adrenergic alpha antagonist* or alpha adrenoreceptor blocker* or alpha blocker*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Doxazosin or Prazosin or Terazosin or Cardura or Doxadura or Raporsin or Slocinx or Doxzogen or Larbex or Hypovase or Hytrin).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doxazosin/ or Prazosin/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antihypertensive Agents/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">centrally acting antihypertensive*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Clonidine or Moxonidine or Minoxidil or Methyldopa or Catapres or Dixarit or Aldomet or Physiotens).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clonidine/ or Minoxidil/ or Methyldopa/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">renin inhibitor*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Aliskiren or Rasilez).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/40–75</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 and 76</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/78–84</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/86–95</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77 and (85 or 96)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch7.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypertens*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(elevat* adj2 blood adj pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(high adj blood adj pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(increase* adj2 blood pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systolic or diastolic or arterial) adj2 pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp pregnancy/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Maternal Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre eclampsia or pre-eclampsia or preeclampsia).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hypertension, Portal/ not exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hypertension, Pulmonary/ not exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intracranial Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Ocular Hypertension/ not exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/ not exp Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/8–15</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 not 16</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18–22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 not 24</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25–32</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 not 33</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp child/ or exp pediatrics/) not (exp adult/ or exp adolescent/)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34 not 35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 36 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ACE inhibitor* or ACEI).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Captopril or Enalapril or Fosinopril or Imidapril or Lisinopril or Moexipril or Perindopril or Quinapril or Ramipril or Trandolapril or Capoten or Ecopace or Noyada or Innovace or Tanatril or Zestril or Perdix or Coversil or Accupro or Tritace).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Captopril/ or *Enalapril/ or *Fosinopril/ or *Imidapril/ or *Lisinopril/ or *Moexipril/ or *Perindopril/ or *Quinapril/ or *Ramipril/ or *Trandolapril/ or *enalapril maleate/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*angiotensin receptor antagonist/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Angiotensin II adj3 (antagonist* or blocker*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ARB.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Azilsartan or Candesartan or Eprosartan or Irbesartan or Losartan or Olmesartan or Telmisartan or Valsartan or Edarbi or Amias or Teveten or Aprovel or Ifirmasta or Sabervel or Cozaar or Olmetec or Tolura or Micardis or Diovan).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Azilsartan/ or *Candesartan/ or *Eprosartan/ or *Irbesartan/ or *Losartan/ or *Valsartan/ or *Olmesartan Medoxomil/ or *Telmisartan/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *Calcium Channel Blockers/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calcium channel blocker*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CCB.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Amlodipine or Clevidipine or Diltiazem or Felodipine or Isradipine or Lacidipine or Lercanidipine or Nicardipine or Nifedipine or Verapamil or Amlostin or Istin or Adizem or Angitil or Dilcardia or Dilzem or Slozem or Tildiem or Viazem or Zemtard or Kenzem or Cardioplen or Felendil or Neofel or Parmid or Plendil or Pinefeld or Vascalpha or Molap or Motens or Zanidip or Cardene or Adalat or Adipine or Coracten or Fortipine or Nifedipress or Tensipine or Valni or Securon or Verapress or Vertab or Univer or Zolvera or Cleviprex).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Amlodipine/ or *Diltiazem/ or *Felodipine/ or *Isradipine/ or *Nicardipine/ or *Nifedipine/ or *Verapamil/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Diuretics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*thiazide diuretic agent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((thiazide or thiazide-like or non-thiazide or conventional or potassium sparing) adj3 diuretic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*mineralocorticoid antagonist/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((mineralocorticoid or aldosterone) adj3 antagonist*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Amiloride or Cyclopenthiazide or Spironolactone or Eplerenone or Bendroflumethiazide or Hydrochlorothiazide or Co-amilozide or Co-triamterzide or Co-zidocapt or Chlortalidone or Indapamide or Metolazone or Xipamide or Carace or Zestoretic or Coversyl or Accuretic or Cozaar or Sevikar or Olmetec or Actelsar or Tolucombi or Co-Diovan or Hygroton or Co-tenidone or Kalspare or Natrilix or Cardide or Indipam or Rawel or Tensaid or Alkapamid or Zaroxolyn or Diurexan or Aprinox or Neo-Naclex or CoAprovel or Lisoretic or Dyazide or Navispare or Lasilactone).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Amiloride/ or *Cyclopenthiazide/ or *Spironolactone/ or *Bendroflumethiazide/ or *Hydrochlorothiazide/ or *Chlortalidone/ or *Indapamide/ or *Metolazone/ or *Xipamide/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adrenergic beta antagonist* or beta blocker* or b blocker*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Carvedilol or Labetalol or Atenolol or Nadolol or Oxprenolol or Pindolol or Propranolol or Timolol or Acebutolol or Bisoprolol or Celiprolol or Esmolol or Metoprolol or Nebivolol or Carvedilol or Tenormin or Tenif or Corgard or Slow-Trasicor or Visken or Viskladix or Bedranol or Beta-Prograne or Syprol or Betim or Sectral or Cardicor or Congescor or Celectol or Breviblock or Betaloc or Lopresor or Nebilet).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Carvedilol/ or *Labetalol/ or *Nadolol/ or *Oxprenolol/ or *Pindolol/ or *Propranolol/ or *Timolol/ or *Acebutolol/ or *Bisoprolol/ or *Celiprolol/ or *Metoprolol/ or *Nebivolol/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adrenergic alpha antagonist* or alpha adrenoreceptor blocker* or alpha blocker*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Doxazosin or Prazosin or Terazosin or Cardura or Doxadura or Raporsin or Slocinx or Doxzogen or Larbex or Hypovase or Hytrin).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*doxazosin/ or *Prazosin/ or *Terazosin/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Antihypertensive Agents/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">centrally acting antihypertensive*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Clonidine or Moxonidine or Methyldopa or Catapres or Dixarit or Aldomet or Physiotens).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*clonidine/ or *moxonidine/ or *Methyldopa/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">renin inhibitor*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Aliskiren or Rasilez).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Aliskiren/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/38–74</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37 and 75</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/77–85</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/87–96</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76 and (86 or 97)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch7.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Hypertension] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypertens*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(elevat* near/2 blood next pressur*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(high near/1 blood near/1 pressur*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(increase* near/2 blood pressur*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systolic or diastolic or arterial) near/2 pressur*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #1-#6)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ACE inhibitor* or ACEI):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Captopril or Enalapril or Fosinopril or Imidapril or Lisinopril or Moexipril or Perindopril or Quinapril or Ramipril or Trandolapril or Capoten or Ecopace or Noyada or Innovace or Tanatril or Zestril or Perdix or Coversil or Accupro or Tritace):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Captopril] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(AngiotensinII near/3 (antagonist* or blocker*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ARB:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Azilsartan or Candesartan or Eprosartan or Irbesartan or Losartan or Olmesartan or Telmisartan or Valsartan or Edarbi or Amias or Teveten or Aprovel or Ifirmasta or Sabervel or Cozaar or Olmetec or Tolura or Micardis or Diovan):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Losartan] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Calcium Channel Blockers] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calcium channel blocker*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CCB:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Amlodipine or Clevidipine or Diltiazem or Felodipine or Isradipine or Lacidipine or Lercanidipine or Nicardipine or Nifedipine or Verapamil or Amlostin or Istin or Adizem or Angitil or Dilcardia or Dilzem or Slozem or Tildiem or Viazem or Zemtard or Kenzem or Cardioplen or Felendil or Neofel or Parmid or Plendil or Pinefeld or Vascalpha or Molap or Motens or Zanidip or Cardene or Adalat or Adipine or Coracten or Fortipine or Nifedipress or Tensipine or Valni or Securon or Verapress or Vertab or Univer or Zolvera or Cleviprex):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Amlodipine] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Diuretics] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((thiazide* or thiazide-like or non-thiazide or conventional or potassium sparing) near/3 diuretic*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((mineralocorticoid or aldosterone) near/3 antagonist*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Amiloride or Cyclopenthiazide or Spironolactone or Eplenerone or Bendroflumethiazide or Hydrochlorothiazide or Co-amilozide or Co-triamterzide or Co-zidocapt or Chlortalidone or Indapamide or Metolazone or Xipamide or Carace or Zestoretic or Coversyl or Accuretic or Cozaar or Sevikar or Olmetec or Actelsar or Tolucombi or Co-Diovan or Hygroton or Co-tenidone or Kalspare or Natrilix or Cardide or Indipam or Rawel or Tensaid or Alkapamid or Zaroxolyn or Diurexan or Aprinox or Neo-Naclex or Co-Aprovel or Lisoretic or Dyazide or Navispare or Lasilactone):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Amiloride] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Adrenergic beta-Antagonists] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adrenergic beta antagonist* or beta blocker* or b blocker*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Carvedilol or Labetalol or Atenolol or Nadolol or Oxprenolol or Pindolol or Propranolol or Timolol or Acebutolol or Bisoprolol or Celiprolol or Esmolol or Metoprolol or Nebivolol or Carvedilol or Tenormin or Tenif or Corgard or Slow-Trasicor or Visken or Viskladix or Bedranol or Beta-Prograne or Syprol or Betim or Sectral or Cardicor or Congescor or Celectol or Breviblock or Betaloc or Lopresor or Nebilet):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Labetalol] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(adrenergic alpha antagonist* or alpha adrenoreceptor blocker* or alpha blocker*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Doxazosin or Prazosin or Terazosin or Cardura or Doxadura or Raporsin or Slocinx or Doxzogen or Larbex or Hypovase or Hytrin):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Doxazosin] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Antihypertensive Agents] this term only</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">centrally acting antihypertensive*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Clonidine or Moxonidine or Methyldopa or Catapres or Dixarit or Aldomet or Physiotens):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Clonidine] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">renin inhibitor*:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Aliskiren or Rasilez):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(or #8-#43)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7 and #44</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch7.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to hypertension in adults population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional searches were run on Medline and Embase for health economics, economic modelling and quality of life studies.</p><div id="ch7.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014–28 August 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2014–28 August 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
||
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>HTA - Inception–28 August 2018</p>
|
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<p>NHSEED - Inception to March 2015</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch7.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypertens*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(elevat* adj2 blood adj pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(high adj blood adj pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(increase* adj2 blood pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systolic or diastolic or arterial) adj2 pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/8–15</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 not 17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18–24</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 not 25</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 26 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/28–43</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 and 44</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch7.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hypertension/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hypertens*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(elevat* adj2 blood adj pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(high adj blood adj pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(increase* adj2 blood pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systolic or diastolic or arterial) adj2 pressur*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–6</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/8–12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 not 14</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/15–22</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 not 23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 24 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26–38</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 and 39</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch7.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH DESCRIPTOR Hypertension EXPLODE ALL TREES IN NHSEED,HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Hypertens*) IN NHSEED, HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(elevat* adj2 blood adj pressur*) IN NHSEED, HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(high adj blood adj pressur*) IN NHSEED, HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(increase* adj2 blood pressur*) IN NHSEED, HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systolic or diastolic or arterial) adj2 pressur*) IN NHSEED, HTA</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div id="ch7.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><div id="ch7.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20step%204%20treatment.&p=BOOKS&id=578063_ch7appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578063/bin/ch7appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of step 4 treatment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of step 4 treatment</span></h3></div></div><div id="ch7.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="ch7.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="ch7.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="ch7.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><div id="ch7.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20health%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=578063_ch7appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK578063/bin/ch7appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>* Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p></div></div></div><div id="ch7.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p>None.</p></div><div id="ch7.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch7.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><div id="ch7.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review that were included in the previous guideline (CG127)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Exclusion details</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chapman 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow up from the ASCOT trial consisting of only 1,790 of the original 19,257 participants. Incorrect comparison; follow up of those who took spironolactone only.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">de Souza 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect comparison; not a comparative study. The uncontrolled group received spironolactone and there were no details of the comparator.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gaddam 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration; 8 weeks follow up, less than the 12 month minimum follow up specified by the protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lane 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref170"><sup>170</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration; 3–6 months follow up, less than the 12 month minimum follow up specified by the protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mahmud 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref202"><sup>202</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect intervention, incorrect population, less than minimum duration. One group consisted of people not having any previous antihypertensive treatment and were given either spironolactone or bendroflumethiazide as step 1 treatment. There was a 4 week follow up with a 4 week washout period and another 4 weeks of intervention. The second group were followed up 3 to 4 months later, less than the 12 month minimum follow up specified by the protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rodilla 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref250"><sup>250</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration. The follow up was for a median of 3 months for the spironolactone group, and 5 months for the doxazosin group, not meeting the 12 month minimum follow up specified by the protocol.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch7.appi.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abarquez 1993<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abascal 1998<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abe 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abe 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abetel 1984<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adir 1987<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adolphe 1993<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Agabiti-Rosei 1992<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Agabiti-Rosei 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Agarwal 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ahola 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ahrens 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Akanabe 1985<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Akioyamen 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Akram 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alderman 1989<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alici 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ALLHAT officers 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alviar 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amar 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ames 1992<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amir 1994<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andersen 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andersen 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andersen 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ando 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andreadis 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andren 1983<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andreucci 1983<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Angeli 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous 1993<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Applegate 1991<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes. Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arima 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arriaga-gracia 1993<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bakris 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bakris 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Balamuthusamy 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baldwin 1987<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bang 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bangalore 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, references checked. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Batterink 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Benjamin 1988<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berger 1992<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Black 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blumenthal 1990<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boissel 1995<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Borgmastars 1987<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bremner 1997<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brenner 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brown 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Byrd 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Byyny 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Castano 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Celis 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cesaris 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chapman 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study population, incorrect intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chatellier 1987<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chi 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, references checked. Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chrysant 1997<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Circelli 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coope 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Correa 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cowley 1987<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cranston 1962<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Curb 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Daae 1998<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dahlof 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dahlöf 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Daien 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">De rosa 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">de Souza 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Degl’innocenti 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Destro 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Devereux 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dews 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diao 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Du 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ekbom 1992<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ekbom 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions. Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Estacio 1998<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Family Physicians Hypertension Study Group 1984<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fariello 1990<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Farsang 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fasano 1989<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Faust 1993<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Faust 1993<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ferdinand 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref91"><sup>91</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fernandes 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fernandez 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ferrara 1984<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref94"><sup>94</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Finnerty 1979<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fogari 1991<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fogari 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref99"><sup>99</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fogari 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref98"><sup>98</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fogari 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref97"><sup>97</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fogari 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fogari 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Forette 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Forrest 1983<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref103"><sup>103</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fossum 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref104"><sup>104</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Franco 1992<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Franse 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frewin 1991<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frick 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frick 1987<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gaddam 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gao 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gasowski 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gazdick 1994<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref113"><sup>113</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">George 1990<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref114"><sup>114</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ghiadoni 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref115"><sup>115</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Giles 1992<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison. No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gillespie 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref117"><sup>117</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Girerd 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gitt 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref119"><sup>119</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glorioso 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goicolea 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gosse 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref122"><sup>122</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Grimm 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref123"><sup>123</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guo 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref125"><sup>125</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guo 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref124"><sup>124</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gupta 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref126"><sup>126</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gyntelberg 1977<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref127"><sup>127</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hall 1998<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref128"><sup>128</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hamada 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref130"><sup>130</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hamada 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref129"><sup>129</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hamed 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref131"><sup>131</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration. Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hanon 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref132"><sup>132</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hanon 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref133"><sup>133</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hansson 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref136"><sup>136</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hansson 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref135"><sup>135</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hansson 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref137"><sup>137</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hansson 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref134"><sup>134</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hasegawa 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref138"><sup>138</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Helgeland 1980<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref139"><sup>139</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Helgeland 1983<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref140"><sup>140</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Himmelmann 1995<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref141"><sup>141</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hosie 1983<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref142"><sup>142</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hradec 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref143"><sup>143</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hughes 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref144"><sup>144</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions. No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hulley 1985<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref145"><sup>145</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ibsen 1990<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref147"><sup>147</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ibsen 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref146"><sup>146</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ichihara 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref148"><sup>148</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">J. Elan investigators 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref149"><sup>149</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jamerson 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref150"><sup>150</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Johnson 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref151"><sup>151</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Johnston 1991<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref152"><sup>152</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Julius 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref153"><sup>153</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaku 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref154"><sup>154</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Katayama 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref155"><sup>155</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kawalec 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref156"><sup>156</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kereiakes 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref157"><sup>157</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kerfoot 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref158"><sup>158</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Incorrect interventions. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref160"><sup>160</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref159"><sup>159</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kjeldsen 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref161"><sup>161</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kjeldsen 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref164"><sup>164</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kjeldsen 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref163"><sup>163</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kjeldsen 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref162"><sup>162</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ko 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref165"><sup>165</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kohlmann 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref166"><sup>166</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kostis 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref167"><sup>167</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kuwajima 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref168"><sup>168</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lacourciere 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref169"><sup>169</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lane 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref170"><sup>170</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration, incorrect population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Laufer 1998<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref171"><sup>171</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions. No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Laurent 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref172"><sup>172</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lavenius 1982<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref173"><sup>173</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Leonetti 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref174"><sup>174</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Levine 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref175"><sup>175</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Licata 1994<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref176"><sup>176</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lim 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref177"><sup>177</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 1991<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref178"><sup>178</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 1993<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref179"><sup>179</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin 1995<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref180"><sup>180</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lind 1994<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref181"><sup>181</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindholm 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref183"><sup>183</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindholm 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref184"><sup>184</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindholm 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref182"><sup>182</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindholm 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref186"><sup>186</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindholm 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref185"><sup>185</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions. Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindner 1984<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref187"><sup>187</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindroos 1984<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref188"><sup>188</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Littlejohn 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref189"><sup>189</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref191"><sup>191</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref190"><sup>190</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lombardo 1997<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref192"><sup>192</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">López 1997<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref193"><sup>193</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lu 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref194"><sup>194</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review, references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ludwig 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref195"><sup>195</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Luno 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref196"><sup>196</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lynch 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref197"><sup>197</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lynch 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref198"><sup>198</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maclean 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref200"><sup>200</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maclean 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref201"><sup>201</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mahmud 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref202"><sup>202</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study population, incorrect intervention, less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Malacco 2003<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref203"><sup>203</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions. Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Malminiemi 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref204"><sup>204</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison. No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mancia 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref205"><sup>205</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mann 1998<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref206"><sup>206</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marfatia 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref207"><sup>207</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marre 2004<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref208"><sup>208</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martinez-martin 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref209"><sup>209</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mason 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref210"><sup>210</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matsuno 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref211"><sup>211</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matsushita 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref212"><sup>212</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matsuzaki 2011<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref213"><sup>213</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mazza 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref214"><sup>214</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">M’Buyamba-Kabangu 1987<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref199"><sup>199</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mcareavey 1983<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref215"><sup>215</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mende 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref216"><sup>216</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Metelitsa 1991<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref217"><sup>217</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Metelitsa 1991<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref218"><sup>218</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Middeke 1990<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref219"><sup>219</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Middeke 1997<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref220"><sup>220</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Misson 1984<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref221"><sup>221</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mizuno 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref222"><sup>222</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morgan 1989<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref223"><sup>223</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mroczek 1984<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref224"><sup>224</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Muller 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref225"><sup>225</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nakae 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref226"><sup>226</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NCT<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref228"><sup>228</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Citation only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neutel 1999<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref230"><sup>230</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neutel 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref229"><sup>229</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oberman 1983<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref231"><sup>231</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ocón 1985<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref232"><sup>232</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ogawa 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref233"><sup>233</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ogihara 2000<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref234"><sup>234</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ogihara 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref235"><sup>235</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ogihara 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref236"><sup>236</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ogihara 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref237"><sup>237</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ohnishi 2001<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref238"><sup>238</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Okin 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref239"><sup>239</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oshikawa 2014<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref240"><sup>240</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ostergren 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref241"><sup>241</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Park 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref242"><sup>242</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patay 2010<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref243"><sup>243</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Persson 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref244"><sup>244</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Philip 1987<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref245"><sup>245</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pierini 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref246"><sup>246</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Piller 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref247"><sup>247</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison. No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Remonti 2016<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref248"><sup>248</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NMA, references checked</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ritter 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref249"><sup>249</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rodilla, 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref250"><sup>250</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roush 2018<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref251"><sup>251</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ruoff 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref252"><sup>252</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Russell 1985<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref253"><sup>253</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Safar 1994<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref254"><sup>254</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saha 2005<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref255"><sup>255</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration. Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saini 1998<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref256"><sup>256</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saku 1996<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref257"><sup>257</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sano 1994<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref258"><sup>258</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saruta 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref259"><sup>259</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sato 2002<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref260"><sup>260</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison. No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sato 2009<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref261"><sup>261</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Citation only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sato 2012<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref262"><sup>262</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sato 2013<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref263"><sup>263</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seedat 1992<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref264"><sup>264</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than minimum duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seedat 1998<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref265"><sup>265</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Soucek 2007<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref266"><sup>266</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spoelstra-de Man 2006<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref267"><sup>267</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stamler 1986<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref268"><sup>268</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Swales 1982<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref269"><sup>269</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thomopoulos 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref270"><sup>270</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trimarco 2015<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref271"><sup>271</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Umemoto 2017<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref272"><sup>272</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wallin 1983<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref273"><sup>273</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">White 2008<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref274"><sup>274</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch7.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p>No health economic studies were found.</p></div></div></div><div class="bk_prnt_sctn"><h2>Tables</h2><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj bk_first_prnt_obj"><div id="ch7.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch7.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch7.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults (aged 18 years and older) with primary hypertension who are taking the maximally tolerated doses of at least 3 drugs (including a diuretic) and their blood pressure is still not controlled.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch7.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_ch7.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Step 4 antihypertensive pharmacological treatment received for a minimum of 1 year. Examples include:
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l1"><li id="ch7.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>Alpha-blockers</div></li><li id="ch7.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>Beta-blockers</div></li><li id="ch7.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other or further diuretics such as amiloride and spironolactone</div></li><li id="ch7.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aliskiren (direct renin inhibitors)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clonidine, minoxidil, methyldopa, moxonidine (centrally acting antihypertensive)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch7.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_ch7.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compared against each other (class comparisons) Compared to placebo (class compared to placebo)</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch7.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch7.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>All outcomes to be measured at a minimum of 12 months. Where multiple time points are reported within each study, the longest time point only will be extracted.</p>
|
||
<p>Critical
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l2"><li id="ch7.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality</div></li><li id="ch7.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>Health-related quality of life</div></li><li id="ch7.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Myocardial infarction (MI)</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
<p><b>Important</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch7.l3"><li id="ch7.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>Heart failure needing hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch7.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vascular procedures (including lower limb, coronary and carotid artery procedures)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>Angina needing hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch7.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>Discontinuation or dose reduction due to side effects</div></li><li id="ch7.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effect 1: Acute kidney injury</div></li><li id="ch7.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effect 2: New onset diabetes</div></li><li id="ch7.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effect 3: Change in creatinine or eGFR</div></li><li id="ch7.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effect 4: Hypotension (dizziness)</div></li><li id="ch7.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Combined cardiovascular disease outcomes in the absence of MI and stroke data]</div></li><li id="ch7.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>[Coronary heart disease outcome in the absence of MI data]</div></li></ul></p></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch7.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch7.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trials (RCT) and systematic reviews (SR)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch7.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">UK costs of step 4 drugs</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK578063/table/ch7.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch7.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Drug</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Detail</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Daily dose</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost/month (£)</th><th id="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost/year (£)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alpha blockers</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doxazosin</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4 mg tablets, 28 pack</p>
|
||
<p>= £1</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 mg per day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£13.56</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Beta blockers</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bisoprolol fumarate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5 mg tablets, 28 pack</p>
|
||
<p>= £0.59</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 mg per day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.69</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Further diuretics</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amiloride</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5 mg tablets, 28 pack</p>
|
||
<p>= £2.60</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 mg per day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£33.89</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spironolactone</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>25 mg tablets, 28 pack</p>
|
||
<p>= £1</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 mg per day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.09</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£13.04</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_8_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Direct renin inhibitors</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aliskiren</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>150 mg tablets, 28 pack</p>
|
||
<p>= £28.51</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">150 mg per day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£30.97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£371.65</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_10_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Centrally acting anti-hypertensives</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moxonidine</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0.2 mg tablets, 28 pack</p>
|
||
<p>= £1.02</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.4 mg per day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch7.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch7.tab2_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£26.59</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch7.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Costs are from the BNF drug tariff price. Accessed in May 2019.<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch7.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review underpinning recommendations 1.4.44 to 1.4.50 in the guideline</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div></div></div>
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