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class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK577839_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence reviews for managing respiratory disorders</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Specialist neonatal respiratory care for babies born preterm</div><p><b>Evidence review C</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 124</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Alliance (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2019 Apr</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3339-6</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch3.s1"><h2 id="_ch3_s1_">Managing respiratory disorders</h2><p>This evidence report contains information on 4 reviews relating to managing respiratory disorders.</p><ul id="ch3.l1"><li id="ch3.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</div></li><li id="ch3.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review question 3.5 What is the effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</div></li><li id="ch3.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</div></li><li id="ch3.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</div></li></ul><div id="ch3.s1.1"><h3>Review question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h3><div id="ch3.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Lung inflammation is an important risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and preterm babies have immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leading to relatively low cortisol levels after the initial surge which follows the stress of birth. This adrenal insufficiency is associated with an amplified immune response which may predispose to inflammation.</p><p>Treatment with postnatal corticosteroids with their strong anti-inflammatory properties may therefore decrease or ameliorate BPD. However, it is not known which corticosteroid, if any, is optimal, when it should be given, and at what dose. Corticosteroids can also have significant short and long term adverse effects including an impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes. These risks might outweigh the beneficial effects of corticosteroids in reducing the severity and incidence of BPD.</p><p>The aim of this review is to determine the optimal corticosteroid choice, dosing schedule, timing and mode of administration in ameliorating BPD and long-term sequelae.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch3tab1" rid-ob="figobch3tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3tab1" rid-ob="figobch3tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. Summary of the protocol (PICO table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PICO table). </p></div></div><p>For full details see review protocol in <a href="#ch3.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.3"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><p>The results are presented as an overall population for preterm babies on respiratory support. Additionally by request of the committee analysis was stratified by subgroups according to the timing of corticosteroid administration, whereever there were sufficient numbers of trials to make such subgroup analyses meaningful:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l10"><li id="ch3.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>Early [7 days or younger]</div></li><li id="ch3.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate [8–20 days of age]</div></li><li id="ch3.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>Late [21 days or older])</div></li></ul></p><p>In circumstances where it was not feasible or meaningful to group studies into the pre-specified specific sub-groups, the sub-group analyses were adapted to the characteristics of the studies identified using the pre-specified sub-groups as a guide.</p><p>Due to the limited evidence on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months or older in preterm babies on respiratory support, studies reporting neurodevelopmental outcomes without specifying the time of assessment were included in the analyses. However, the indirectness of the population was downgraded when assessing the quality and the confidence in the evidence using GRADE, as the committee were concerned that there was uncertainty around the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental outcomes before 18 months of age.</p><div id="ch3.s1.1.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Three Cochrane Systematic Reviews (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref10" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref10">Doyle 2014a</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref11" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref11">Doyle 2014b</a>; and <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref24" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref24">Onland 2017</a>) were included in this review. Study details, outcomes and risk of bias for the included studies relevant to this review were extracted directly from the Cochrane Systematic Reviews. 31 RCTs were identified (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref1">Anttila 2005</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref3">Baud 2016</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref5" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref5">Bloomfield 1998</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref6" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref6">Bosante 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref7">Brozanski 1995</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref8" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref8">Doyle 2006</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref12" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref12">Durand 1995</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref13">Durand 2002</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref14" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref14">Garland 1999</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref15">Halliday 2001</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref16" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref16">Jonsson 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref20" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref20">Lauterbach 2006</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref17" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref17">Kari 1993</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref18" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref18">Kothadia 1999</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref19" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref19">Kovacs 1998</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref21" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref21">McEvoy 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref22" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref22">Odd 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref26" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref26">Papile 1998</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref27" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref27">Parikh 2013</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref29" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref29">Peltoniemi 2005</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref32" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref32">Rastogi 1996</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref33" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref33">Romagnoli 1998</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref34" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref34">Romagnoli 1999</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref36" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref36">Shinwell 1996</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref39" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref39">Stark 2001</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref38" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref38">Soll 1999</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref41" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref41">Subhedar 1997</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref42" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref42">Tapia 1998</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref44" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref44">Walther 2003</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref46" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref46">Watterberg 1999</a>; Walther 2004). An additional 13 follow-up publications of these RCTs were identified, maintaining the initial randomisations while giving the subsequent long term neurodevelopmental outcomes (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref2">Armstrong 2002</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref5" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref5">Bloomfield 1998</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref4">Baud 2017</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref3">Baud 2016</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref9">Doyle 2007</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref8" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref8">Doyle 2006</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref28" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref28">Parikh 2015</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref27" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref27">Parikh 2013</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref30" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref30">Peltoniemi 2009</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref29" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref29">Peltoniemi 2005</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref31" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref31">Peltoniemi 2016</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref29" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref29">Peltoniemi 2005</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref35" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref35">Romagnoli 2002</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref33" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref33">Romagnoli 1998</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref37" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref37">Shinwell 2000</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref36" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref36">Shinwell 1996</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref40" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref40">Stark 2014</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref39" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref39">Stark 2001</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref43" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref43">Vermont Oxford Network Steroid Group 2001</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref38" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref38">Soll 1999</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref25" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref25">O’Shea 2007</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref18" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref18">Kothadia 1999</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref47" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref47">Watterberg 2007</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref45" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref45">Watterberg 2004</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref48" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref48">Wilson 2006</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref15">Halliday 2001</a>].</p><p>24 of the included studies compared systemic dexamethasone to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref1">Anttila 2005</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref7">Brozanski 1995</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref8" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref8">Doyle 2006</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref9">Doyle 2007</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref12" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref12">Durand 1995</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref14" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref14">Garland 1999</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref17" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref17">Kari 1993</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref18" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref18">Kothadia 1999</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref25" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref25">O’Shea 2007</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref19" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref19">Kovacs 1998</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref20" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref20">Lauterbach 2006</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref32" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref32">Rastogi 1996</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref33" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref33">Romagnoli 1998</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref35" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref35">Romagnoli 2002</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref34" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref34">Romagnoli 1999</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref36" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref36">Shinwell 1996</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref37" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref37">Shinwell 2000</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref38" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref38">Soll 1999</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref43" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref43">Vermont Oxford Network Steroid Group 2001</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref41" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref41">Subhedar 1997</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref39" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref39">Stark 2001</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref40" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref40">Stark 2014</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref42" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref42">Tapia 1998</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref44" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref44">Walther 2003</a>).</p><p>11 of the included studies compared systemic hydrocortisone to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref3">Baud 2016</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref4">Baud 2017</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref6" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref6">Bosante 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref27" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref27">Parikh 2013</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref28" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref28">Parikh 2015</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref29" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref29">Peltoniemi 2005</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref30" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref30">Peltoniemi 2009</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref31" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref31">2016</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref46" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref46">Watterberg 1999</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref45" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref45">Watterberg 2004</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref47" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref47">Watterberg 2007</a>]).</p><p>One RCT compared nebulised budesonide to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref16" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref16">Jonsson 2000</a>).</p><p>Eight of the included studies compared different regimens of systemic dexamethasone (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref5" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref5">Bloomfield 1998</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref2">Armstrong 2002</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref13">Durand 2002</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref15">Halliday 2001</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref48" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref48">Wilson 2006</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref21" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref21">McEvoy 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref22" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref22">Odd 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref26" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref26">Papile 1998</a>). Two RCTs compared lower dose dexamethasone regimens with higher dexamethasone regimens (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref13">Durand 2002</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref21" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref21">McEvoy 2004</a>). Five publications compared earlier dexamethasone initiation against later dexamethasone initiation (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref5" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref5">Bloomfield 1998</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref2">Armstrong 2002</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref15">Halliday 2001</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref48" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref48">Wilson 2006</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref26" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref26">Papile 1998</a>). One RCT compared a tailored dexamethasone regimen with a continuous tapered dexamethasone course (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref22" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref22">Odd 2004</a>).</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#ch3.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch3.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch3.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.4"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch3tab2" rid-ob="figobch3tab2">Table 2</a> provides a brief summary of the included studies.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3tab2" rid-ob="figobch3tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of included studies." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> for clinical evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.5"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#ch3.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.6"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><p>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support was identified by the literature searches of the economic literature undertaken for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.7"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8"><h4>Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1"><h5>Comparison 1. Corticosteroid versus placebo</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1"><h5>Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.1.1"><h5>All administration schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l47"><li id="ch3.lt204" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 17 RCTs (n=2098) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.1.2"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l48"><li id="ch3.lt205" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 9 RCTs (n=1631) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.1.3"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l49"><li id="ch3.lt206" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 8 RCTs (n=467) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.2.1"><h5>All administration schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l50"><li id="ch3.lt207" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 17 RCTs (n=2166) showed a clinically significant reduction in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.2.2"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l51"><li id="ch3.lt208" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 10 RCTs (n=1731) showed a clinically significant reduction in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.2.3"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l52"><li id="ch3.lt209" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 7 RCTs (n=435) showed a clinically significant reduction in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.3"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.3.1"><h5>All administration schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l53"><li id="ch3.lt210" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 11 RCTs (n=1662) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.3.2"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l54"><li id="ch3.lt211" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 6 RCTs (n=1410) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.3.3"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l55"><li id="ch3.lt212" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 5 RCTs (n=252) showed a clinically significant reduction in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.4"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: cerebral palsy</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.4.1"><h5>All administration schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l56"><li id="ch3.lt213" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 10 RCTs (n=647) showed no clinically significant increase in cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.4.2"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l57"><li id="ch3.lt214" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=395) showed no clinically significant increase in cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.4.3"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l58"><li id="ch3.lt215" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=252) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.5"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.5.1"><h5>All administration schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l59"><li id="ch3.lt216" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=198) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.5.2"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l60"><li id="ch3.lt217" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=144) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.5.3"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l61"><li id="ch3.lt218" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=54) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.6"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe intellectual impairment (IQ<70 on validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.6.1"><h5>All administration schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l62"><li id="ch3.lt219" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=162) showed no clinically significant difference in severe intellectual impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.6.2"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l63"><li id="ch3.lt220" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=30) showed no clinically significant difference in severe intellectual impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.6.3"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l64"><li id="ch3.lt221" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=132) showed no clinically significant difference in severe intellectual impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.7"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe psychomotor impairment (Bayley PDI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.7.1"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l65"><li id="ch3.lt222" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=136) showed no clinically significant difference in severe psychomotor impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.8"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: moderate or severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <85 or <-1SD on other validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.8.1"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l66"><li id="ch3.lt223" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=51) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate or severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.9"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe deafness</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.9.1"><h5>All administration schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l67"><li id="ch3.lt224" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 8 RCTs (n=523) showed no clinically significant difference in severe deafness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.9.2"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l68"><li id="ch3.lt225" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=377) showed no clinically significant difference in severe deafness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.9.3"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l69"><li id="ch3.lt226" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=146) showed no clinically significant difference in severe deafness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.10"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe blindness</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.10.1"><h5>All administration schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l70"><li id="ch3.lt227" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 9 RCTs (n=539) showed no clinically significant difference in severe blindness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.10.2"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l71"><li id="ch3.lt228" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=268) showed no clinically significant difference in severe blindness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.1.10.3"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l72"><li id="ch3.lt229" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=171) showed no clinically significant difference in severe blindness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.1"><h5>Days on invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l73"><li id="ch3.lt230" class="half_rhythm"><div>Evidence from 10 RCTs was available on total days of invasive ventilation, however due to different ways it was reported between studies as means and medians it was not possible to pool these results and thus the results are presented individually.</div></li></ul><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.1.1"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l74"><li id="ch3.lt231" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=241) showed no clinically significant difference in total days on invasive ventilation (defined as ventilation) among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger, however there is uncertainty around this estimate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt232" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=50) showed a clinically significant reduction in total days on invasive ventilation (defined as invasive ventilation) among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger</div></li><li id="ch3.lt233" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=248) showed a clinically significant reduction in total days on invasive ventilation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger</div></li><li id="ch3.lt234" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=42) showed a reduction in the median number of days on invasive ventilation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger, however there is uncertainty around this estimate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt235" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=109) showed no clinically significant difference in total days on invasive ventilation (defined as ventilation) among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li><li id="ch3.lt236" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=542) showed a clinically significant reduction in total days on invasive ventilation (defined as ventilation) among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.1.2"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l75"><li id="ch3.lt237" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=43) showed a clinically significant reduction in total days on invasive ventilation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older, however there is uncertainty around this estimate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt238" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=41) showed no clinically significant difference in total days on invasive ventilation (defined as intermittent positive-pressure ventilation) among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older, however there is uncertainty around this estimate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt239" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=118) showed a clinically significant reduction in total days on invasive ventilation (defined as ventilation) among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older, however there is uncertainty around this estimate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt240" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence 1 RCT (n=36) showed no clinically significant difference in total days on invasive ventilation (defined as ventilation) among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.2"><h5>Gastrointestinal perforation</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.2.1"><h5>All administration schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l76"><li id="ch3.lt241" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 7 RCTs (n=1290) showed a clinically significant increase in gastro-intestinal perforation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.2.2"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l77"><li id="ch3.lt242" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 6 RCTs (n=1220) showed a clinically significant increase in gastro-intestinal perforation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.2.3"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l78"><li id="ch3.lt243" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=70) showed no clinically significant increase in gastro-intestinal perforation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older, however there were no events in either arms of the RCT.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.3"><h5>Hypertension</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.3.1"><h5>All administration schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l79"><li id="ch3.lt244" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 13 RCTs (n=1822) showed a clinically significant increase in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.3.2"><h5>Early administration of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l80"><li id="ch3.lt245" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 8 RCTs (n=1509) showed a clinically significant increase in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.1.2.3.3"><h5>Later administration of dexamethasone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l81"><li id="ch3.lt246" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 5 RCTs (n=313) showed a clinically significant increase in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received dexamethasone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2"><h5>Comparison 1.2: Hydrocortisone versus placebo</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.1.1"><h5>All administration schedules of hydrocortisone</h5><ul id="ch3.l82"><li id="ch3.lt247" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 7 RCTs (n=1085) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.1.2"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l83"><li id="ch3.lt248" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 5 RCTs (n=1830) showed that there may be a clinically significant reduction in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger, however there is uncertainty around the estimate.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.1.3"><h5>Later administration of hydrocortisone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l84"><li id="ch3.lt249" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=64) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.2.1"><h5>All administration schedules of hydrocortisone</h5><ul id="ch3.l85"><li id="ch3.lt250" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 6 RCTs (n=1086) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.2.2"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l86"><li id="ch3.lt251" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 5 RCTs (n=1022) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.2.3"><h5>Later administration of hydrocortisone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l87"><li id="ch3.lt252" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCTs (n=64) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.3"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days</h5><ul id="ch3.l88"><li id="ch3.lt253" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.4"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: cerebral palsy</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.4.1"><h5>All administration schedules of hydrocortisone</h5><ul id="ch3.l89"><li id="ch3.lt254" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 6 RCTs (n=789) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.4.2"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l90"><li id="ch3.lt255" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 5 RCTs (n=752) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.4.3"><h5>Later administration of hydrocortisone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l91"><li id="ch3.lt256" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=37) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.5"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe cognitive impairment (Bayley Mental Development Index [MDI] <70 or <-2 standard deviations [SD] on other validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.5.1"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l92"><li id="ch3.lt257" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=297) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.6"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months; severe intellectual impairment (IQ<70)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.6.1"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l93"><li id="ch3.lt258" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=34) showed no clinically significant difference in severe intellectual impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.7"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe psychomotor impairment (Bayley psychomotor development index [PDI] <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.7.1"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l94"><li id="ch3.lt259" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=152) showed no clinically significant difference in severe psychomotor impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.8"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: moderate or severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <85 or <-1SD on other validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.8.1"><h5>All administration schedules of hydrocortisone</h5><ul id="ch3.l95"><li id="ch3.lt260" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=340) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate or severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.8.2"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l96"><li id="ch3.lt261" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=304) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate or severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.8.3"><h5>Later administration of hydrocortisone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l97"><li id="ch3.lt262" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=36) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate or severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.9"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: moderate or severe language impairment (Bayley language development index [LDI] <85 or <-1SD on other validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.9.1"><h5>Later administration of hydrocortisone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l98"><li id="ch3.lt263" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=35) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate or severe language impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.10"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: moderate cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI 70–84 or <−1 to −2SD on other validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.10.1"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l99"><li id="ch3.lt264" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=45) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.11"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe deafness</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.11.1"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l100"><li id="ch3.lt265" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=397) was available on severe deafness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone, however as there were no events in either arms of the RCTs the risk ratios were not estimable.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.12"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe blindness</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.12.1"><h5>All administration schedules of hydrocortisone</h5><ul id="ch3.l101"><li id="ch3.lt266" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=434) was available on severe blindness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone, however as there were no events in either arms of the RCTs the risk ratios were not estimable.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.12.2"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l102"><li id="ch3.lt267" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=397) was available on severe blindness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone, however as there were no events in either arms of the RCTs the risk ratios were not estimable.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.1.12.3"><h5>Later administration of hydrocortisone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l103"><li id="ch3.lt268" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=37) was available on severe blindness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone, however as there were no events in either arms of the RCT the risk ratios were not estimable.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.1"><h5>Days on invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l104"><li id="ch3.lt269" class="half_rhythm"><div>Evidence from 4 RCTs (n=345) was available on total days of invasive ventilation, however due to different ways it was reported between studies as means and medians it was not possible to pool these results and thus the results are presented individually.</div></li></ul><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.1.1"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l105"><li id="ch3.lt270" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=50) showed no clinically significant difference in total days on invasive ventilation (defined as ventilation) among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger, however there was uncertainty around this estimate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt271" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=34) showed a clinically significant reduction in total days on invasive ventilation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger, however there was uncertainty around this estimate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt272" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=197) showed no clinically significant difference in total days on invasive ventilation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger, however there was uncertainty around this estimate</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.1.2"><h5>Later administration of hydrocortisone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l106"><li id="ch3.lt273" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=64) showed no clinically significant difference in total days on invasive ventilation (defined as nasal continuous positive airway pressure) among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.2"><h5>Gastrointestinal perforation</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.2.1"><h5>All administration schedules of hydrocortisone</h5><ul id="ch3.l107"><li id="ch3.lt274" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 5 RCTs (n=662) showed no clinically significant difference in gastro-intestinal perforation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.2.2"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l108"><li id="ch3.lt275" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=662) showed no clinically significant difference in gastro-intestinal perforation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.2.3"><h5>Later administration of hydrocortisone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l109"><li id="ch3.lt276" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCTs (n=34) showed no clinically significant difference in gastro-intestinal perforation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.3"><h5>Hypertension</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.3.1"><h5>All administration schedules of hydrocortisone</h5><ul id="ch3.l110"><li id="ch3.lt277" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=114) showed no clinically significant difference in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.3.2"><h5>Early administration of hydrocortisone – 7 days of age or younger</h5><ul id="ch3.l111"><li id="ch3.lt278" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=50) showed no clinically significant difference in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 7 days of age or younger.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.2.2.3.3"><h5>Later administration of hydrocortisone – 8 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l112"><li id="ch3.lt279" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=64) showed no clinically significant difference in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received hydrocortisone compared to those who received placebo at 8 days of age or older.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.3"><h5>Comparison 1.3: Budesonide versus placebo</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.3.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.3.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l113"><li id="ch3.lt280" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.3.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</h5><ul id="ch3.l114"><li id="ch3.lt281" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=17) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received nebulised budesonide compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.3.1.3"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l115"><li id="ch3.lt282" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=27) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received nebulised budesonide compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.3.1.4"><h5>Neurodevelopmental delay at ≥18 months of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l116"><li id="ch3.lt283" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.3.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.3.2.1"><h5>Days on invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l117"><li id="ch3.lt284" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=27) showed no clinically significant difference in total days on invasive ventilation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received nebulised budesonide compared to those who received placebo, however there was uncertainty around the estimate</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.3.2.2"><h5>Gastrointestinal perforation</h5><ul id="ch3.l118"><li id="ch3.lt285" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.1.3.2.3"><h5>Hypertension</h5><ul id="ch3.l119"><li id="ch3.lt286" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.2"><h5>Comparison 2: Corticosteroid A versus corticosteroid B</h5><ul id="ch3.l120"><li id="ch3.lt287" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this comparison.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3"><h5>Comparison 3: Lower cumulative dose corticosteroid A versus higher cumulative dose corticosteroid A</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1"><h5>Comparison 3.1: Lower cumulative dose dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose dexamethasone</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l121"><li id="ch3.lt288" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=109) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received lower cumulative dose dexamethasone compared to those who received higher cumulative dose dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestation</h5><ul id="ch3.l122"><li id="ch3.lt289" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=109) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received lower cumulative dose dexamethasone compared to those who received higher cumulative dose dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.1.3"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l123"><li id="ch3.lt290" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.1.4"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: cerebral palsy</h5><ul id="ch3.l124"><li id="ch3.lt291" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=36) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received lower cumulative dose dexamethasone compared to those who received higher cumulative dose dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.1.5"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales)</h5><ul id="ch3.l125"><li id="ch3.lt292" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=47) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received lower cumulative dose dexamethasone compared to those who received higher cumulative dose dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.1.6"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe blindness</h5><ul id="ch3.l126"><li id="ch3.lt293" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=47) showed no clinically significant difference in severe blindness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received lower cumulative dose dexamethasone compared to those who received higher cumulative dose dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.2.1"><h5>Days on invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l127"><li id="ch3.lt294" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=62) showed no clinically significant difference in total days on invasive ventilation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received lower cumulative dose dexamethasone compared to those who received higher cumulative dose dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.2.2"><h5>Gastrointestinal perforation</h5><ul id="ch3.l128"><li id="ch3.lt295" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=109) showed no clinically significant difference in gastro-intestinal perforation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received lower cumulative dose dexamethasone compared to those who received higher cumulative dose dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.1.2.3"><h5>Hypertension</h5><ul id="ch3.l129"><li id="ch3.lt296" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=109) showed no clinically significant difference in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received lower cumulative dose dexamethasone compared to those who received higher cumulative dose dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.2"><h5>Comparison 3.2: Individual tailored course of dexamethasone versus continuous tapered dexamethasone course</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.2.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.2.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l130"><li id="ch3.lt297" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=33) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an individual tailored course of dexamethasone compared to those who received a continuous tapered dexamethasone course.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.2.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestation</h5><ul id="ch3.l131"><li id="ch3.lt298" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=33) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an individual tailored course of dexamethasone compared to those who received a continuous tapered dexamethasone course.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.2.1.3"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l132"><li id="ch3.lt299" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=33) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an individual tailored course of dexamethasone compared to those who received a continuous tapered dexamethasone course.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.2.1.4"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months</h5><ul id="ch3.l133"><li id="ch3.lt300" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.2.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.2.2.1"><h5>Total days on invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l134"><li id="ch3.lt301" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=33) showed a clinically significant increase in total days on invasive ventilation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an individual tailored course of dexamethasone compared to those who received a continuous tapered dexamethasone course.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.2.2.2"><h5>Gastrointestinal perforation</h5><ul id="ch3.l135"><li id="ch3.lt302" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=33) showed no clinically significant difference in gastro-intestinal perforation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an individual tailored course of dexamethasone compared to those who received a continuous tapered dexamethasone course.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.3.2.2.3"><h5>Hypertension</h5><ul id="ch3.l136"><li id="ch3.lt303" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=33) showed no clinically significant difference in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an individual tailored course of dexamethasone compared to those who received a continuous tapered dexamethasone course.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4"><h5>Comparison 4: Earlier initiation of corticosteroid A versus later initiation of corticosteroid A</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1"><h5>Comparison 4.1: Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.1.1"><h5>All earlier initiation schedules of dexamethasone versus later initiation schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l137"><li id="ch3.lt304" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=732) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an earlier initiation schedule of dexamethasone compared to those who received a later initiation schedule of dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.1.2"><h5>Early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger versus 8–20 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l138"><li id="ch3.lt305" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=361) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (7 days of age or younger) compared to those who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age).</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.1.3"><h5>Moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus late initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 8–20 days of age versus 21 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l139"><li id="ch3.lt306" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=371) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge among preterm babies on respiratory support who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age) compared to those who received a late initiation schedule of dexamethasone (21 days of age or older).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.2.1"><h5>All earlier initiation schedules of dexamethasone versus later initiation schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l140"><li id="ch3.lt307" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=732) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an earlier initiation schedule of dexamethasone compared to those who received a later initiation schedule of dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.2.2"><h5>Early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger versus 8–20 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l141"><li id="ch3.lt308" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=361) showed that there may be a clinically significant reduction in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (7 days of age or younger) compared to those who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age), however there is uncertainty around the estimate.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.2.3"><h5>Moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus late initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 8–20 days of age versus 21 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l142"><li id="ch3.lt309" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=371) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age) compared to those who received a late initiation schedule of dexamethasone (21 days of age or older).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.3"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.3.1"><h5>All earlier initiation schedules of dexamethasone versus later initiation schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l143"><li id="ch3.lt310" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=732) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an earlier initiation schedule of dexamethasone compared to those who received a later initiation schedule of dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.3.2"><h5>Early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger versus 8–20 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l144"><li id="ch3.lt311" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=361) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (7 days of age or younger) compared to those who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age).</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.3.3"><h5>Moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus late initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 8–20 days of age versus 21 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l145"><li id="ch3.lt312" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=371) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age) compared to those who received a late initiation schedule of dexamethasone (21 days of age or older).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.4"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: cerebral palsy</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.4.1"><h5>Early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger versus 8–20 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l146"><li id="ch3.lt313" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=56) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (7 days of age or younger) compared to those who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.5"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.5.1"><h5>Early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger versus 8–20 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l147"><li id="ch3.lt314" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=61) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (7 days of age or younger) compared to those who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.6"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: moderate cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI 70–84 or <−1 to −2SD on other validated scales)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.6.1"><h5>Early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger versus 8–20 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l148"><li id="ch3.lt315" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=61) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (7 days of age or younger) compared to those who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.7"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe deafness</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.7.1"><h5>Early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger versus 8–20 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l149"><li id="ch3.lt316" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=61) was available on severe deafness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (7 days of age or younger) compared to those who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age), however as there were no events in either arms of the RCT the risk ratios were not estimable.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.8"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: severe blindness at 18 months of age or older</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.1.8.1"><h5>Early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger versus 8–20 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l150"><li id="ch3.lt317" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=61) was available on severe blindness at 18 months of age or older among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (7 days of age or younger) compared to those who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age), however as there were no events in either arms of the RCT the risk ratios were not estimable.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.2.1"><h5>Days on invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l151"><li id="ch3.lt318" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this important outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.2.2"><h5>Gastrointestinal perforation</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.2.2.1"><h5>Early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger versus 8–20 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l152"><li id="ch3.lt319" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=285) showed no clinically significant difference in gastro-intestinal perforation among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (7 days of age or younger) compared to those who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.2.3"><h5>Hypertension</h5><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.2.3.1"><h5>All earlier initiation schedules of dexamethasone versus later initiation schedules of dexamethasone</h5><ul id="ch3.l153"><li id="ch3.lt320" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=732) showed no clinically significant difference in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an earlier initiation schedule of dexamethasone compared to those who received a later initiation schedule of dexamethasone.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.2.3.2"><h5>Early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 7 days of age or younger versus 8–20 days of age</h5><ul id="ch3.l154"><li id="ch3.lt321" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=361) showed no clinically significant difference in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received an early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (7 days of age or younger) compared to those who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age).</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.8.4.1.2.3.3"><h5>Moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone versus late initiation schedule of dexamethasone – 8–20 days of age versus 21 days of age or older</h5><ul id="ch3.l155"><li id="ch3.lt322" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=371) showed no clinically significant difference in hypertension among preterm babies on respiratory support who received a moderately early initiation schedule of dexamethasone (8–20 days of age) compared to those who received a late initiation schedule of dexamethasone (21 days of age or older).</div></li></ul><p>See <a href="#ch3.appe">appendix E</a> for Forest plots.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.9"><h4>Economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch3.l156"><li id="ch3.lt323" class="half_rhythm"><div>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support was available.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch3.s1.1.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><p>Note: The results are presented as an overall population for preterm babies on respiratory support and subgroup analyses are included by the timing of corticosteroid administration (early [7 days or younger]; moderate [8–20 days of age]; and late [21 days or older]) where there were sufficient numbers of trials to make such subgroup analyses meaningful.</p><div id="ch3.s1.1.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee agreed that the use of corticosteroids in preterm babies on respiratory support aims to reduce the incidence of BPD and mortality prior to discharge, thus BPD and mortality prior to discharge were both considered critical outcomes for decision making. However, a major concern with the use of early corticosteroids in babies is the possible risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, which could have a life-long impact on the affected individual and their parents or carers. The committee therefore considered neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months corrected gestational age or older as critically important outcomes for decision making. The committee prioritised mortality occurring prior to first discharge as being of primary importance. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were considered second in importance because of their potential lifelong impact and BPD was considered third in importance</p><p>In terms of neurodevelopmental outcomes, the committee prioritised cerebral palsy, moderate and/or severe neurodevelopmental impairment, and severe neurosensory impairment as key categories for decision making.</p><p>The total days on invasive ventilation (which may itself increase the risk of BPD) was considered an important outcome. Gastro-intestinal perforation and systemic hypertension, which are both possible adverse events associated with corticosteroid administration, were also considered as important outcomes in decision-making and in considering the balance of benefit and harm.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The evidence in the pairwise comparisons was assessed using the GRADE methodology. The quality of evidence in this review ranged from high to very low. Most of the evidence on outcomes assessed between birth and discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit was of high or moderate quality. The evidence on the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes was of low or very low quality.</p><p>The quality of evidence was most often downgraded because of the uncertainty around the risk estimate, uncertainty around the timeframe of the neurodevelopmental outcome assessment, heterogeneity in the population, and considerable loss to follow-up.</p><p>The committee discussed the difficulty that the timing of neurodevelopmental assessments could not always be ascertained to be at 18 months corrected age or older. For pragmatic reasons, considering that neurodevelopmental outcomes were not always available for every RCT, the committee agreed to include studies without a specified timeframe for neurodevelopmental assessment, but but downgraded for indirectness to account for the uncertainty in the outcome in the quality assessment of the evidence. Due to the lack of evidence for neurodevelopmental outcomes, the committee also prioritised making a research recommendation on this topic.</p><p>Uncertainty around the risk estimate, in particular with neurodevelopmental outcomes, was generally attributable to the low event rates and small sample sizes of these follow-up studies.</p><p>Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the studies assessing the number of days on invasive ventilation, which may be attributed to the subjectivity of the outcome and variation in clinical practice in different settings and countries. Furthermore, approximately half of the studies did not report the number of days on ventilation as means, but rather as medians. In view of this, studies were not meta-analysed, but rather assessed individually. Imprecision could not be assessed for the outcomes reported as medians, in these cases the quality of the evidence was downgraded by one level.</p><p>No evidence was found on head-to-head comparisons of different corticosteroids. The committee made it a priority to make a research recommendation for comparative studies on the effectiveness of the two most widely used systemic corticosteroids, dexamethasone and hydrocortisone, in preterm babies on respiratory support.</p><p>Only 1 RCT of very low quality evidence was identified on the use of nebulised budesonide in preterm babies on respiratory support. The committee highlighted the need for more evidence on nebulised budesonide and prioritised making a further research recommendation on the effectiveness of nebulised budesonide in preterm babies who require respiratory support. The committee also did not prioritise research on different doing strategies.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>As defined in the protocol, the committee had requested that the initiation of corticosteroid therapy should be stratified into the following sub-groups where possible:
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<ul id="ch3.l157"><li id="ch3.lt324" class="half_rhythm"><div>Early (≤7 days after birth)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt325" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate delayed (8–20 days after birth)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt326" class="half_rhythm"><div>Late (>21 days after birth)</div></li></ul></p><p>The committee agreed that the division of preterm babies requiring respiratory support into these 3 groups may be aligned to differences in critical and important outcomes, with early administration more often given as prophylaxis, and moderate delayed or late administration as treatment. The committee recognised that dividing moderate and late administration of corticosteroid therapy was difficult as the many of the studies overlapped these periods, in situations where this arose the committee agreed that 2 stratifications of early (≤7 days after birth) and later (≥8 days after birth) was more practical. The committee considered differentiation between prophylaxis and treatment in the evidence review key when weighing up the benefits and harms of the different corticosteroids and drafting recommendations.</p><p>The committee recognised the potential importance of differences in cumulative dose and duration of corticosteroid administration in the studies. However, they also recognised that due to the variations in dose and duration between studies that it was not feasible to take account of this in the analyses without reporting each trial separately and so foregoing the benefits of meta-analysis. The committee agreed that reporting the different corticosteroid regimens in the evidence table was sufficient to identify trials that had widely differing regimens.</p><div id="ch3.s1.1.10.1.3.1"><h5>Dexamethasone in preterm babies requiring respiratory support</h5><p>In preterm babies requiring respiratory support, the committee decided that, taking into account the baby’s risk factors for BPD (see <a href="/books/n/niceng124/?report=reader" class="toc-item">recommendation 1.1.1</a>), dexamethasone should be considered for babies who are 8 days or older.</p><p>The evidence in this population showed that dexamethasone reduced the incidence of BPD at 36 weeks PMA and, with late administration, at 28 days compared to placebo. Some studies showed an improvement in total days on invasive ventilation with dexamethasone administration at 8 days of age or older, although, as these studies could not be meta-analysed because the outcome was reported as means and medians in different studies, it was difficult to draw clear conclusions on these outcomes from consideration of the individual RCTs.</p><p>The committee also considered potential harms with dexamethasone. There was an increased risk of hypertension during hospitalisation with dexamethasone administration, although the committee observed that poor reporting in the studies made it difficult to determine the clinical significance of this outcome, because there was a lack of information as to whether the hypertension was severe enough to require intervention or early stoppage of the dexamethasone and as to whether it was transient or persistent.</p><p>Despite the benefit identified with dexamethasone given at 8 days of age or older, the committee agreed that they could not make a recommendation that it should be ‘offered’, due to the uncertainty regarding the quality of evidence for any possible association between dexamethasone and neurodevelopmental outcomes, and in particular cerebral palsy. There was also uncertainty around the evidence showing no difference in gastro-intestinal perforation with dexamethasone use at 8 days of age or older, and this was an additional consideration in the decision not to make a firm recommendation to offer it.</p><p>The evidence on the use of dexamethasone in preterm babies of 7 days of age or younger requiring respiratory support also showed a reduction in BPD at 36 weeks PMA (although not at 28 days of age) compared to placebo and a reduction in days on ventilation. However, the committee decided not to make a recommendation for the use of dexamethasone in preterm babies of 7 days of age or younger as there was evidence for an increased risk of gastrointestinal perforation and no difference in mortality. When a fixed effects meta-analysis model was used there was also evidence of an increased risk of cerebral palsy with use of dexamethasone in preterm babies of 7 days of age or younger. However there was considerable heterogeneity in the individual study results and when using a random effects meta-analysis model there was no increased risk of cerebral palsy in this group. The committee noted that an RCT by <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref37" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref37">Shinwell 2000</a> was the only trial that showed an increase in the risk of cerebral palsy with early dexamethasone in preterm babies on respiratory support, but that this study had the largest population of all studies meta-analysed. The committee looked at the balance of the evidence for cerebral palsy and agreed that, given the very low quality and inconsistency of the evidence regarding cerebral palsy, they could not conclusively determine the risk of cerebral palsy in babies 7 days of age or younger.</p><p>The committee considered that use of dexamethasone at 7 days of age or younger is deemed “prophylactic” (rather than actual “treatment”, where healthcare professionals are trying to get preterm babies off respiratory support). Although there was evidence of benefit there was also evidence of increased risk of gastrointestinal perforation with dexamethasone in this age group, and uncertainty as described above over the risk of cerebral palsy. The committee therefore decided they did not wish to make a recommendation for or against its use. Although further evidence was desirable, the committee decided that this topic was not enough of a priority to make a research recommendation.</p><p>The committee agreed it was important to discuss the potential risks of gastro-intestinal perforation and cerebral palsy with dexamethasone with parents or carers before commencing therapy. The committee agreed that the use of dexamethasone, although the evidence suggested likely benefit in terms of preventing BPD, may have serious lifelong implications for a preterm baby, as well as an impact on the parents’ or carers’ lives and thus parents or carers should be involved in the decision to use dexamethasone.</p><p>Although, the combination of dexamethasone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were not specifically assessed in this review, the committee recommended that dexamethasone and NSAIDs not be used concurrently because of the increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation. The committee agreed that even though it is widely recognised and documented in the summary of product characteristics (SPC) that the combination of these drugs increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation, it is still important to highlight the risk to minimise their combinational use in clinical practice.</p><p>In view of the increased risk of hypertension with dexamethasone, the committee agreed that a recommendation to monitor blood pressure was appropriate. The length of monitoring and point of intervention would be decided by the neonatologist responsible for the preterm baby on respiratory support, depending on the degree of concern, as evidence on this aspect was not examined in the review.</p><p>The limited evidence on the different dexamethasone strategies with regards to dosing and initiation schedules did not show any clear favour in either direction for high versus low dose nor tailored versus continuous. Furthermore, the scarcity of evidence on neurodevelopmental outcomes precluded recommendations to be drawn based on these comparisons, but the committee did not prioritise these areas for further research.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.10.1.3.2"><h5>Hydrocortisone in preterm babies on respiratory support</h5><p>The committee decided not to make any recommendation on the use of hydrocortisone in preterm babies requiring respiratory support. Most of the evidence on the use of hydrocortisone was in preterm babies aged 7 days or younger, and showed no convincing difference between hydrocortisone and placebo for BPD at 36 weeks PMA, although there was a trend towards a reduced incidence of BPD with hydrocortisone in preterm babies aged 7 days or younger. The evidence suggested that there may be an improvement in mortality prior to discharge with hydrocortisone in preterm babies aged 7 days or younger, however given the absence of an effect on BPD the committee questioned whether the possible improvement in mortality was due to early cardiovascular stabilisation rather than an improvement in respiratory related mortality. No difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes, total days on invasive ventilation, gastro-intestinal perforation, or hypertension were seen from the analyses in preterm babies on respiratory support aged 7 days or younger, or in those 8 days of age or older.</p><p>The committee noted that the RCT by <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref45" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref45">Watterberg 2004</a> did not show as strong a trend towards reduced BPD at 36 weeks PMA as other RCTs in the meta-analysis at 7 days of age or younger. The committee noted that there was a very high rate of prophylactic indomethacin in this study and this may have been the cause of the higher rates of GI perforation seen in this study. Nonetheless, the committee agreed that <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref45" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref45">Watterberg 2004</a> was not particularly different to the other trials, thus there were no grounds to conduct a sensitivity analysis and exclude the trial from the analysis.</p><p>The evidence base for hydrocortisone versus placebo is smaller in quantity than that of dexamethasone versus placebo, and so it is difficult to determine whether there is any clear benefit from hydrocortisone over placebo, despite mortality prior to discharge and BPD outcomes tending towards benefit. The committee discussed the ongoing multi-centre SToP-BPD randomised controlled trial (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref23" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref23">Onland 2011</a>), investigating the efficacy and safety of hydrocortisone versus placebo, started 7 to 14 days after birth. Promising preliminary results were presented in a recent conference, however absence of published data meant that the results could not be incorporated into the review. In view of this large RCT the committee did not think it was necessary to recommend a research study for hydrocortisone versus placebo, as this trial aims to answer this question.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.10.1.3.3"><h5>Nebulised budesonide in preterm babies requiring respiratory support</h5><p>The committee did not make any recommendation on the use of nebulised budesonide in preterm babies requiring respiratory support, because of the lack of evidence. Only 1 very low quality RCT was identified and only short term outcomes were captured. The committee did make a research recommendation however for a placebo controlled trial to study its effectiveness.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.10.1.3.4"><h5>Dexamethasone versus hydrocortisone in preterm babies requiring respiratory support</h5><p>In the absence of head-to-head comparisons between dexamethasone and hydrocortisone and inconsistency in use across different neonatal intensive care units, the committee highlighted the need for a high quality multicentre RCT to determine which if any is to be preferred in terms of short and long term outcomes, and made a research recommendation to this effect.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.1.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>There was no evidence on the cost effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies who require respiratory support.</p><p>The committee noted that corticosteroids are cheap and the acquisition costs of different corticosteroids are comparable. Dexamethasone may have potential cost savings associated with the reduction in the short-term morbidity (that is, BPD at 36 weeks PMA) and the associated long-term respiratory consequences (including chronic lung disease) that may require expensive repeated hospital readmissions, prolonged invasive ventilation support at home, and expensive medical management in the future years of life. However, this finding was uncertain as BPD was reduced at 36 weeks PMA but not at 28 days of age. Even though improvement in BPD is a critical outcome the committee highlighted the importance of mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The evidence suggested hydrocortisone may be associated with an improvement in survival and there is a potential for significant quality-adjusted life year gain gain. However, the committee noted that this finding was also uncertain. No such survival benefit was observed for dexamethasone.</p><p>The committee discussed the potential harms such as cerebral palsy associated with dexamethasone, particularly when it is given early (7 days of age or younger), an increase in GI perforation and hypertension. Such complications require resource intensive management and are costly to the NHS. However, it was noted that later administration of dexamethasone is associated with fewer adverse effects. Given the potential high risk of hypertension in babies receiving dexamethasone, the committee stressed the importance of monitoring blood pressure and discussed the optimal monitoring duration. The committee agreed that hypertension should be monitored even after dexamethasone is stopped but that it would be up to individual clinicians to decide the exact duration. The committee explained that these babies are closely monitored anyway and that monitoring blood pressure would be unlikely to result in an increase in costs. Overall, on balance, the committee were of a view that the benefits of giving dexamethasone late would outweigh any increase in costs associated with the management of potential adverse events. Also, the committee noted that the number of babies requiring treatment with corticosteroids is very small (most babies come off ventilation without the use of corticosteroids) and thus the financial impact of their use is not likely to be significant.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.rl.r1"><h4>References</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.1.ref1"><p id="p-615">
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2003; 74:37–45 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14512180" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14512180</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.1.ref45"><p id="p-660">
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<strong>Watterberg 2004</strong>
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</p>Watterberg, K.L., Gerdes, J.S., Cole, C.H., Aucott, S.W., Thilo, E.H., Mammel, M.C., Couser, R.J., Garland, J.S., Rozycki, H.J., Leach, C.L., Backstrom, C., Shaffer, M.L.
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Prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a multicenter trial. Pediatrics
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2004; 114:1649–1657 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15574629" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15574629</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.1.ref46"><p id="p-661">
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<strong>Watterberg 1999</strong>
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</p>Watterberg, K.L., Gerdes, J.S., Gifford, K.L., Lin, H.M.
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Prophylaxis against early adrenal insufficiency to prevent chronic lung disease in premature infants. Pediatrics
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1999; 104: 1258–1263 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10585975" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10585975</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.1.ref47"><p id="p-662">
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<strong>Watterberg 2007</strong>
|
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</p>Watterberg, K.L., Shaffer, M.L., Mishefske, M.J., Leach, C.L., Mammel, M.C., Couser, R.J., Abbasi, S., Cole, C.H., Aucott, S.W., Thilo, E.H., Rozycki, H.J., Lacy, C.B.
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Growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes after early low-dose hydrocortisone treatment in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics
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2007; 120: 40–48 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17606560" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17606560</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.1.ref48"><p id="p-663">
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<strong>Wilson 2006</strong>
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</p>Wilson, T.T., Waters, L., Patterson, C.C., McCusker, C.G., Rooney, N.M., Marlow, N., Halliday, H.L.
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Neurodevelopmental and respiratory follow-up results at 7 years for children from the United Kingdom and Ireland enrolled in a randomized trial of early and late postnatal corticosteroid treatment, systemic and inhaled (the Open Study of Early Corticosteroid Treatment). Pediatrics
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2006; 117: 2196–2205 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16740865" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16740865</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.2"><h3>Review question 3.5 What is the effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h3><div id="ch3.s1.2.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Diuretics have been used with the aim of improving respiratory outcomes in preterm infants. However, there is limited knowledge on their impact on both short and long-term clinically important outcomes in preterm infants on respiratory support. There are significant variations in clinical practice regarding diuretic administration in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) including the choice of diuretic, dose, frequency and duration of treatment. Diuretics are also associated with certain adverse effects and have the potential to cause harm.</p><p>The aim of this review is to determine the optimal diuretic choice, dosing schedule, timing and mode of administration in ameliorating BPD and long-term sequelae. The review will also look at the adverse effects of the different diuretics.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch3tab3" rid-ob="figobch3tab3">Table 3</a> for a summary of the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3tab3" rid-ob="figobch3tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Summary of the protocol (PICO table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PICO table). </p></div></div><p>For full details see review protocol in <a href="#ch3.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.3"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="ch3.s1.2.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>In preterm babies on respiratory support, 2 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.2.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.2.ref1">Hoffman 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.2.ref2" rid="ch3.s1.2.ref2">Kao 1994</a>) comparing diuretic treatment to a placebo. Additionally, 1 observational study was included - a retrospective multi-centre cohort study comparing infants exposed to diuretics to infants were not (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.2.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.2.ref3">Laughon 2015</a>).</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#ch3.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch3.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch3.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.4"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch3tab4" rid-ob="figobch3tab4">Table 4</a> provides a brief summary of the included studies</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3tab4" rid-ob="figobch3tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Summary of included studies." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.5"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#ch3.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.6"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><p>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support was identified by the literature searches of the economic literature undertaken for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.7"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8"><h4>Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1"><h5>Comparison 1. Diuretic versus placebo/no intervention</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1.1"><h5>Comparison 1.1 Chlorothiazide + spironolactone versus placebo</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1.1.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l171"><li id="ch3.lt356" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1.1.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 36 weeks post-menstrual age <i>[PMA] or 28 days of age)</i></h5><ul id="ch3.l172"><li id="ch3.lt357" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1.1.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months</h5><ul id="ch3.l173"><li id="ch3.lt358" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1.1.2.1"><h5>Days on invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l174"><li id="ch3.lt359" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this important outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1.1.2.2"><h5>Nephrocalcinosis</h5><ul id="ch3.l175"><li id="ch3.lt360" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=43) showed no clinically significant difference in nephrocalcinosis at 1 year PMA among preterm babies on respiratory support with BPD who received chlorothiazide + spironolactone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1.1.2.3"><h5>Ototoxicty</h5><ul id="ch3.l176"><li id="ch3.lt361" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=43) showed no clinically significant difference in hearing loss at 1 year PMA among preterm babies on respiratory support with BPD who received chlorothiazide + spironolactone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.1.1.2.4"><h5>Hyponatraemia</h5><ul id="ch3.l177"><li id="ch3.lt362" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=43) showed no clinically significant difference in the need for supplemental electrolytes among preterm babies on respiratory support with BPD who received chlorothiazide + spironolactone compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2"><h5>Comparison 2. Diuretic A versus diuretic B</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2.1"><h5>Comparison 2.1 Furosemide versus other diuretic(s)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2.1.1.1"><h5>Mortality before discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l178"><li id="ch3.lt363" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2.1.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of age)</h5><ul id="ch3.l179"><li id="ch3.lt364" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2.1.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months</h5><ul id="ch3.l180"><li id="ch3.lt365" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2.1.2.1"><h5>Days on invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l181"><li id="ch3.lt366" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this important outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2.1.2.2"><h5>Nephrocalcinosis</h5><ul id="ch3.l182"><li id="ch3.lt367" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this important outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2.1.2.3"><h5>Ototoxicty</h5><ul id="ch3.l183"><li id="ch3.lt368" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this important outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.2.1.2.4"><h5>Hyponatraemia</h5><ul id="ch3.l184"><li id="ch3.lt369" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 cohort study (n= 39,357) showed a reduction in the incidence of hyponatraemia (<125 mmol/L) among preterm babies <32 weeks PMA on respiratory support who received furosemide compared to other diuretics, but there was uncertainty about this estimate.</div></li><li id="ch3.lt370" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 cohort study (n= 39,357) showed no difference in the incidence of severe hyponatraemia (<115 mmol/L) among preterm babies <32 weeks PMA on respiratory support who received furosemide compared to other diuretics, but there was uncertainty about this estimate.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3"><h5>Comparison 3. Combination diuretic versus single diuretic</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3.1"><h5>Comparison 3.1 Chlorothiazide + spironolactone versus chlorothiazide</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3.1.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l185"><li id="ch3.lt371" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3.1.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of age)</h5><ul id="ch3.l186"><li id="ch3.lt372" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3.1.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months</h5><ul id="ch3.l187"><li id="ch3.lt373" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3.1.2.1"><h5>Days on invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l188"><li id="ch3.lt374" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this important outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3.1.2.2"><h5>Nephrocalcinosis</h5><ul id="ch3.l189"><li id="ch3.lt375" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this important outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3.1.2.3"><h5>Ototoxicty</h5><ul id="ch3.l190"><li id="ch3.lt376" class="half_rhythm"><div>No studies reported on this important outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.8.3.1.2.4"><h5>Hyponatraemia</h5><ul id="ch3.l191"><li id="ch3.lt377" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=33) showed no clinically significant difference in the need for sodium supplementation among preterm babies on respiratory support with BPD who received chlorothiazide + spironolactone compared to those who received chlorothiazide.</div></li></ul><p>See <a href="#ch3.appe">appendix E</a> for Forest plots</p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.9"><h4>Economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch3.l192"><li id="ch3.lt378" class="half_rhythm"><div>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies requiring respiratory support was available.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch3.s1.2.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch3.s1.2.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee considered mortality prior to discharge, BPD, and neurodevelopmental outcomes as critical for decision making, due to their long term impact. Days on invasive ventilation was an important outcome as diuretics may be used to help wean babies off ventilation. Nephrocalcinosis, ototoxicity and hyponatraemia are all potential adverse effects of treatment with diuretics so were chosen to chosen as important outcomes to help balance the benefits and harms of diuretic treatment.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The evidence in the pairwise comparisons was assessed using GRADE methodology. The quality of evidence in this review was very low. Most of the outcomes available were related to the safety of diuretic use and not its effectiveness. Critical outcomes in relation to efficacy such as mortality prior to discharge, BPD, and neurodevelopmental outcomes were not assessed in any of the identified studies.</p><p>The quality of evidence was most often downgraded because of the uncertainty around the risk estimate, which was generally attributable to the low event rates and small sample sizes of the studies included in the review.</p><p>There was an absence of evidence on the critical outcomes.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>In preterm babies on respiratory support, the committee decided to not make any recommendation on the use of diuretics. Instead, they made two research recommendations.</p><p>The evidence for this review was of very low quality and limited, and of the outcomes listed in the protocol none of the critical outcomes (mortality prior to discharge, BPD, neurodevelopmental outcomes) were available. Of the outcomes for which data were available (nephrocalcinosis, ototoxicity, and hyponatraemia) there was no clear association between diuretics and the outcomes due to the uncertainty around the estimates given the small sample sizes of the studies.</p><p>The committee discussed that the use of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support was based on historical trials conducted prior to 1990 and short-term improvements in pulmonary mechanics that were used as surrogate markers, and assumed to translate into longer term clinical benefits. Although the committee discussed the evidence pre-1990, the committee agreed that these pre-surfactant era preterm babies were different to the preterm babies on the NICU’s today and that short-term improvements in pulmonary mechanics do not necessarily translate to long-term clinical outcomes, such as mortality prior to discharge and BPD.</p><p>The committee discussed the disparity across the UK in the use of diuretics in different units, and even within units by different clinicians. In view of the disparity and limited evidence, the committee agreed that they could not make recommendations for or against diuretic use in preterm babies on respiratory support. However, they strongly advocated the need for further research into the use of diuretics in the prevention and treatment of BPD in preterm babies on respiratory support. The committee discussed that although they could not make recommendations, they believed that the evidence review and clear lack of consensus on diuretic use in preterm babies on respiratory support may lead to some healthcare professionals re-evaluating their use of diuretics, at least until further studies in the area are published.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.2.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>There was no evidence for the clinical effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support. As a result, diuretics are not likely to be cost effective. The committee noted a low acquisition cost of diuretics and any change in practice (such as a decrease in their use) which might arise would have a minimal impact on the NHS.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.rl.r2"><h4>References</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.2.ref1"><p id="p-758">
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<strong>Hoffman 2000</strong>
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|
</p>Hoffman
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|
DJ., Gerdes
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|
JS., Abbasi
|
|
SA.
|
|
Pulmonary function and electrolyte balance following spironolactone treatment in preterm infants with chronic lung disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Journal of Perinatology
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|
2000; 1: 41–45 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10693099" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10693099</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.2.ref2"><p id="p-759">
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|
<strong>Kao 1994</strong>
|
|
</p>Kao
|
|
LC., Durand
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|
DJ., McCrea
|
|
RC., Birch
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|
MB., Powers
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|
RJ., Nickerson
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|
BG.
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|
Randomised trial of long-term diuretic therapy for infants with oxygen-dependent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Journal of Pediatrics
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|
1994; 124: 772–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8176568" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8176568</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.2.ref3"><p id="p-760">
|
|
<strong>Laughon 2015</strong>
|
|
</p>Laughon
|
|
MM., Chantala
|
|
MS., Aliaga
|
|
A., Herring
|
|
AH., Hornik
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|
CP., Hughes
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|
R., Clark
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RH., Smith
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|
BP.
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|
Diuretic exposure in premature infants from 1997–2011. American Journal of Perinatology
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|
2015: 32(1); 49–56 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4223004/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4223004</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24801161" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24801161</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3"><h3>Review question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support</h3><div id="ch3.s1.3.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Apnoea of prematurity (AOP) is usually defined as a cessation of breathing of at least 20 seconds, or for 10 seconds when it is accompanied by hypoxaemia and bradycardia. The prevalence of AOP is related to gestational age and is more common in babies born at less than 28 weeks gestation or with extremely low birth weight (less than 1000g). It usually resolves by 34 weeks PMA, but if not managed appropriately, can lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The mainstay of therapy is pharmacological, with some respiratory support if required. Caffeine citrate, a methylxanthine, is the most common pharmacological agent used for the management of AOP and has been suggested to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes by limiting hypoxic-induced white matter injury and by possible effects on the microstructure of developing white matter. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal use of caffeine citrate and some concern over its adverse effects.</p><p>This review aims to clarify the role of caffeine citrate in preterm babies requiring respiratory support, including the optimal treatment regimen and an evaluation of the potential benefits and harms.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch3tab5" rid-ob="figobch3tab5">Table 5</a> for a summary of the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3tab5" rid-ob="figobch3tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Summary of the protocol (PICO table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PICO table). </p></div></div><p>For full details see review protocol in <a href="#ch3.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.3"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="ch3.s1.3.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>In total, 17 study reports were included in this review (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref1">Amaro 2018</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref3">Borsdzewska-Kornacka 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref4">CAP 2006</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref5" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref5">Davis 2010</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref6" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref6">Dobson 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref7" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref7">Doyle 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref9">Gray 2011</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref10" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref10">Lodha 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref11" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref11">Lodha 2018</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref13">McPherson 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref14" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref14">Murner-Lavenchy 2018</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref15">Schmidt 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref16" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref16">Schmidt 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref17" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref17">Schmidt 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref18" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref18">Steer 2003</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref19" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref19">Steer 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref20" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref20">Taha 2014</a>)</p><p>Six were RCTs (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref1">Amaro 2018</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref4">CAP 2006</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref9">Gray 2011</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref13">McPherson 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref18" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref18">Steer 2003</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref19" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref19">Steer 2004</a>), 5 were retrospective cohort studies (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref3">Borsdzewska-Kornacka 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref6" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref6">Dobson 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref10" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref10">Lodha 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref11" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref11">Lodha 2018</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref20" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref20">Taha 2014</a>) and 6 were follow-up studies to the CAP trial that looked at longer-term neurodevelopemental outcomes (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref5" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref5">Davis 2010</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref7" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref7">Doyle 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref14" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref14">Murner-Lavenchy 2018</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref15">Schmidt 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref16" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref16">Schmidt 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref17" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref17">Schmidt 2017</a>). See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch3tab7" rid-ob="figobch3tab7">Table 7</a>: Summary of included studies for a description of the follow-up time frames. <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref9">Gray 2011</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref19" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref19">Steer 2004</a> reported on the same population of babies.</p><p>Two RCTs (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref1">Amaro 2018</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref4">CAP 2006</a>) compared caffeine to placebo.</p><p>Four RCTs (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref9">Gray 2011</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref13">McPherson 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref18" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref18">Steer 2003</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref19" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref19">Steer 2004</a>) compared lower dose caffeine to higher dose caffeine.</p><p>Four retrospective cohort studies (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref3">Borszewska-Kornacka 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref6" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref6">Dobson 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref10" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref10">Lodha 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref20" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref20">Taha 2014</a>) compared earlier administration of caffeine to later administration of caffeine.</p><p>One retrospective cohort study (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref11" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref11">Lodha 2018</a>) compared shorter with longer duration of caffeine.</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#ch3.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch3.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review, with reasons for their exclusion, are provided in <a href="#ch3.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.4"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch3tab6" rid-ob="figobch3tab6">Table 6</a> provides a brief summary of the included studies.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3tab6" rid-ob="figobch3tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Summary of included studies." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3tab6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> for clinical evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.5"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#ch3.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.6"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><p>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support was identified by the literature searches of the economic literature undertaken for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.7"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8"><h4>Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1"><h5>Comparison 1. Caffeine versus control</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l218"><li id="ch3.lt444" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=2087) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of 23–30<sup>+6</sup> weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.2.1"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of age</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.2.1.1"><h5>Babies 23–30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l219"><li id="ch3.lt445" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=83) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of age between preterm babies with a gestational age of 23–30 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.2.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – at 36 weeks PMA</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.2.2.1"><h5>Babies < 31 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l220"><li id="ch3.lt446" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=2006) showed a clinically significant decrease in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: cerebral palsy</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.3.1"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, all babies</h5><ul id="ch3.l221"><li id="ch3.lt447" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=1810) showed a clinically significant decrease in cerebral palsy at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.3.2"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, respiratory indications – pre-extubation</h5><ul id="ch3.l222"><li id="ch3.lt448" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=644) showed a clinically significant decrease in cerebral palsy at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine for pre-extubation compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.3.3"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, respiratory indications – apnoea treatment</h5><ul id="ch3.l223"><li id="ch3.lt449" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=749) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine for apnoea treatment compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.3.4"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, respiratory indications – apnoea prophylaxis</h5><ul id="ch3.l224"><li id="ch3.lt450" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=415) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine for apnoea prophylaxis compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.3.5"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, respiratory support – no partial-pressure ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l225"><li id="ch3.lt451" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=306) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks requiring no partial-pressure ventilation at randomisation who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.3.6"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, respiratory support – non-invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l226"><li id="ch3.lt452" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=754) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks requiring non-invasive ventilation at randomisation who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.3.7"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, respiratory support – endotracheal tube</h5><ul id="ch3.l227"><li id="ch3.lt453" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=956) showed a clinically significant decrease in cerebral palsy at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks requiring an endotracheal tube at randomisation who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.3.8"><h5>5 year follow-up</h5><ul id="ch3.l228"><li id="ch3.lt454" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=1433) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 5 years follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.3.9"><h5>11 year follow-up</h5><ul id="ch3.l229"><li id="ch3.lt455" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=968) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy at 11 years follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.4"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: severe cognitive impairment (babies < 31 weeks)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.4.1"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II – All babies</h5><ul id="ch3.l230"><li id="ch3.lt456" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=1725) showed a statistically (but not clinically) significant decrease in severe cognitive impairment at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.4.2"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II, respiratory indications – pre-extubation</h5><ul id="ch3.l231"><li id="ch3.lt457" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=612) showed there may be a statistically significant decrease in severe cognitive impairment at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine for pre-extubation compared to those who received placebo, but there is uncertainty around the risk estimate.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.4.3"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II, respiratory indications – apnoea treatment</h5><ul id="ch3.l232"><li id="ch3.lt458" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=715) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine for apnoea treatment compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.4.4"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II, respiratory indications – apnoea prophylaxis</h5><ul id="ch3.l233"><li id="ch3.lt459" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=396) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine for apnoea prophylaxis compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.4.5"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II, respiratory support – no partialpressure ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l234"><li id="ch3.lt460" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=291) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks requiring no partial-pressure ventilation at randomisation who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.4.6"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II, respiratory support – non-invasive ventilation</h5><ul id="ch3.l235"><li id="ch3.lt461" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=523) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks requiring non-invasive ventilation at randomisation who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.4.7"><h5>18–21 months follow-up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II, respiratory support – endotracheal tube</h5><ul id="ch3.l236"><li id="ch3.lt462" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=910) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks requiring an endotracheal tube at randomisation who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.4.8"><h5>5 year follow-up, Full Scale IQ < 70 on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III</h5><ul id="ch3.l237"><li id="ch3.lt463" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=1518) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 5 years follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.4.9"><h5>11 year follow-up, Full Scale IQ < 85 on the Wechsler Abbreviated Sale of Intelligence-II</h5><ul id="ch3.l238"><li id="ch3.lt464" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=785) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment at 11 years follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.5"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: deafness</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.5.1"><h5>18–21 months follow-up</h5><ul id="ch3.l239"><li id="ch3.lt465" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=1814) showed no clinically significant difference in deafness at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.5.2"><h5>5 year follow-up</h5><ul id="ch3.l240"><li id="ch3.lt466" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=1571) showed no clinically significant difference in deafness at 5 years follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.5.3"><h5>11 year follow-up</h5><ul id="ch3.l241"><li id="ch3.lt467" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=968) showed no clinically significant difference in deafness at 11 years follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.6"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: blindness (babies < 31 weeks)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.6.1"><h5>18–21 months follow-up</h5><ul id="ch3.l242"><li id="ch3.lt468" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=1816) showed no clinically significant difference in blindness at 18–21 months follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.6.2"><h5>5 year follow-up</h5><ul id="ch3.l243"><li id="ch3.lt469" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=1555) showed no clinically significant difference in blindness at 5 years follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.1.6.3"><h5>11 year follow-up</h5><ul id="ch3.l244"><li id="ch3.lt470" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=968) showed a clinically significant decrease in blindness at 11 years follow-up between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.2.1"><h5>Continuing apnoea</h5><ul id="ch3.l245"><li id="ch3.lt471" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.2.2"><h5>Extubation failure</h5><ul id="ch3.l246"><li id="ch3.lt472" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=83) showed no clinically significant difference in extubation failure between preterm babies with a gestational age of 23–30 weeks who received caffeine compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.2.3"><h5>Tachycardia</h5><ul id="ch3.l247"><li id="ch3.lt473" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.1.2.4"><h5>Necrotising enterocolitis</h5><ul id="ch3.l248"><li id="ch3.lt474" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=2089) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies with a gestational age of 23–30<sup>+6</sup> weeks who received caffeine compared to placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2"><h5>Comparison 2. Lower dose caffeine versus higher dose caffeine</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.1.1"><h5>5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg, all respiratory indications, babies < 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l249"><li id="ch3.lt475" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=246) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.1.2"><h5>5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg, respiratory indication – peri-extubation, babies < 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l250"><li id="ch3.lt476" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=234) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine for peri-extubation compared to higher dose.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.1.3"><h5>20mg/kg versus 80mg/kg, babies ≤ 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l251"><li id="ch3.lt477" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=74) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.2"><h5>Bronchpulmonary dysplasia</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.2.1"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – oxygen dependency at 36 weeks PMA</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.2.1.1"><h5>5 mg/kg versus 20 mg/kg, all respiratory indications, babies < 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l252"><li id="ch3.lt478" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=246) showed a clinically significant increase in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine for all respiratory indications compared to those who received higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.2.1.2"><h5>5 mg/kg versus 20 mg/kg, respiratory indication – peri-extubation, babies < 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l253"><li id="ch3.lt479" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=234) showed a clinically significant increase in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine for peri-extubation compared to those who received higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.2.1.3"><h5>20 mg/kg versus 80 mg/kg, babies ≤ 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l254"><li id="ch3.lt480" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=74) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to those who received higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.2.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – oxygen dependency at 28 days of age</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.2.2.1"><h5>5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg, respiratory indication – peri-extubation, babies < 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l255"><li id="ch3.lt481" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=234) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to those who received higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months</h5><ul id="ch3.l256"><li id="ch3.lt482" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.1"><h5>Continuing apnoea, episodes of apnoea recorded by nursing staff within 7 days of the start of caffeine treatment</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.1.1"><h5>5 mg/kg versus 20 mg/kg, all respiratory indications, babies < 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l257"><li id="ch3.lt483" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=246) showed a clinically significant increase in documented apnoeic periods between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine for all respiratory indications compared to those who received higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.1.2"><h5>5 mg/kg versus 20 mg/kg, respiratory indication – peri-extubation, babies < 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l258"><li id="ch3.lt484" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=234) showed clinically significantly increase in documented apnoeic periods in preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine for peri-extubation compared to those who received higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.2"><h5>Extubation failure</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.2.1"><h5>3mg/kg versus 15mg/kg, babies < 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l259"><li id="ch3.lt485" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=82) showed no clinically significant difference in extubation failure between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.2.2"><h5>3mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, babies < 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l260"><li id="ch3.lt486" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) showed a clinically significant increase in extubation failure between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.2.3"><h5>15mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, babies < 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l261"><li id="ch3.lt487" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=85) showed no clinically significant difference in extubation failure between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.2.4"><h5>5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg, respiratory indication – peri-extubation, babies < 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l262"><li id="ch3.lt488" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=234) showed a clinically significant increase in extubation failure between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine for peri-extubation compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.3"><h5>Tachycardia</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.3.1"><h5>3mg/kg versus 15mg/kg, babies < 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l263"><li id="ch3.lt489" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=82) showed no clinically significant difference in tachycardia between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.3.2"><h5>3mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, babies < 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l264"><li id="ch3.lt490" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) showed no clinically significant difference in tachycardia between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.3.3"><h5>15mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, babies < 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l265"><li id="ch3.lt491" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=85) showed no clinically significant difference in tachycardia between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.3.4"><h5>5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg, respiratory indication – peri-extubation, babies < 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l266"><li id="ch3.lt492" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=234) showed no clinically significant difference in tachycardia between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine for peri-extubation compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.4"><h5>Necrotising enterocolitis</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.4.1"><h5>3mg/kg versus 15mg/kg, babies < 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l267"><li id="ch3.lt493" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=82) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.4.2"><h5>3mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, babies < 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l268"><li id="ch3.lt494" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality of evidence from 1 RCT (n=87) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine. No events were reported in either of the treatment arms.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.4.3"><h5>15mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, babies < 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l269"><li id="ch3.lt495" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=85) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.4.4"><h5>5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg, respiratory indication – peri-extubation, babies < 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l270"><li id="ch3.lt496" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=234) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received lower dose caffeine for peri-extubation compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.2.2.4.5"><h5>20mg/kg versus 80mg/kg, babies ≤ 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l271"><li id="ch3.lt497" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=74) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks who received lower dose caffeine compared to higher dose caffeine.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3"><h5>Comparison 3. Earlier administration of caffeine versus later administration of caffeine</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.1.1"><h5>Caffeine administration at < 2 days versus ≥ 2 days, babies ≤ 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l272"><li id="ch3.lt498" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=286) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.1.2"><h5>Caffeine administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days</h5><ul id="ch3.l273"><li id="ch3.lt499" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=29070) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.1.3"><h5>Caffeine administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days, babies < 31 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l274"><li id="ch3.lt500" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=5101) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.1.4"><h5>Caffeine administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days</h5><ul id="ch3.l275"><li id="ch3.lt501" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=2951) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.2.1"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – oxygen dependency at 36 weeks PMA</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.2.1.1"><h5>Caffeine administration at < 2 days versus ≥ 2 days, babies ≤ 32 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l276"><li id="ch3.lt502" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=286) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.2.1.2"><h5>Caffeine administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days, babies < 31 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l277"><li id="ch3.lt503" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=5101) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.2.1.3"><h5>Caffeine administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days</h5><ul id="ch3.l278"><li id="ch3.lt504" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=2951) showed a statistically but not clinically significant decrease in bronchopulmonary dysplasia between preterm babies who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.2.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – oxygen dependency at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of age</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.2.2.1"><h5>Caffeine administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days</h5><ul id="ch3.l279"><li id="ch3.lt505" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=29070) showed a statistically but not clinically significant decrease in bronchopulmonary dysplasia between preterm babies who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.2.3"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – oxygen dependency at 28 days of age</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.2.3.1"><h5>Caffeine administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days, babies < 31 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l280"><li id="ch3.lt506" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=5101) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months</h5><ul id="ch3.l281"><li id="ch3.lt507" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.2.1"><h5>Continuing apnoea</h5><ul id="ch3.l282"><li id="ch3.lt508" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.2.2"><h5>Extubation failure</h5><ul id="ch3.l283"><li id="ch3.lt509" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.2.3"><h5>Tachycardia</h5><ul id="ch3.l284"><li id="ch3.lt510" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.2.4"><h5>Necrotising enterocolitis</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.2.4.1"><h5>NEC any stage</h5><ul id="ch3.l285"><li id="ch3.lt511" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=29,070) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li><li id="ch3.lt512" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=2,951) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.2.4.2"><h5>NEC ≥ stage 2</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.3.2.4.2.1"><h5>Babies < 31 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l286"><li id="ch3.lt513" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=5,101) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received earlier caffeine administration compared to later caffeine administration</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4"><h5>Comparison 4. Shorter duration caffeine versus longer duration caffeine</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l287"><li id="ch3.lt514" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this critical outcome</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – oxygen dependency at 36 weeks PMA (babies < 30 weeks)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.2.1"><h5>Early cessation of caffeine ≤ 14 days (ECC) versus intermediate cessation of caffeine 15–30 days (ICC)</h5><ul id="ch3.l288"><li id="ch3.lt515" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=214) showed a clinically significant increase in bronchopulmonary dysplasia between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to ICC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.2.2"><h5>ECC versus late cessation of caffeine > 30 days (LCC)</h5><ul id="ch3.l289"><li id="ch3.lt516" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=287) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.2.3"><h5>ICC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l290"><li id="ch3.lt517" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=257) showed no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ICC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: cerebral palsy (babies < 31 weeks)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.3.1"><h5>ECC versus ICC</h5><ul id="ch3.l291"><li id="ch3.lt518" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=214) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to ICC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.3.2"><h5>ECC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l292"><li id="ch3.lt519" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=287) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.3.3"><h5>ICC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l293"><li id="ch3.lt520" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=257) showed no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ICC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.4"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: moderate cognitive impairment – full scale IQ 1–2 SD below the mean (babies < 30 weeks) (follow-up 11 years)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.4.1"><h5>ECC versus ICC</h5><ul id="ch3.l294"><li id="ch3.lt521" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=214) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate cognitive impairment between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to ICC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.4.2"><h5>ECC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l295"><li id="ch3.lt522" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=287) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate cognitive impairment between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.4.3"><h5>ICC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l296"><li id="ch3.lt523" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=257) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate cognitive impairment between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ICC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.5"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: severe cognitive impairment – full scale IQ > 2 SD below the mean (babies < 30 weeks) (follow-up 11 years)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.5.1"><h5>ECC versus ICC</h5><ul id="ch3.l297"><li id="ch3.lt524" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=214) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to ICC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.5.2"><h5>ECC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l298"><li id="ch3.lt525" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=287) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.5.3"><h5>ICC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l299"><li id="ch3.lt526" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=257) showed no clinically significant difference in severe cognitive impairment between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ICC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.6"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: deafness (babies < 30 weeks) (11 years follow-up)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.6.1"><h5>ECC versus ICC</h5><ul id="ch3.l300"><li id="ch3.lt527" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=214) showed no clinically significant difference in deafness between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to ICC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.6.2"><h5>ECC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l301"><li id="ch3.lt528" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=287) showed no clinically significant difference in deafness between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.6.3"><h5>ICC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l302"><li id="ch3.lt529" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=257) showed no clinically significant difference in deafness between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ICC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.7"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: blindness (babies < 31 weeks)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.7.1"><h5>ECC versus ICC</h5><ul id="ch3.l303"><li id="ch3.lt530" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=214) showed no clinically significant difference in blindness between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to ICC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.7.2"><h5>ECC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l304"><li id="ch3.lt531" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=287) showed no clinically significant difference in blindness between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.1.7.3"><h5>ICC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l305"><li id="ch3.lt532" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=257) showed no clinically significant difference in blindness between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ICC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.2.1"><h5>Continuing apnoea</h5><ul id="ch3.l306"><li id="ch3.lt533" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.2.2"><h5>Extubation failure</h5><ul id="ch3.l307"><li id="ch3.lt534" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.2.3"><h5>Tachycardia</h5><ul id="ch3.l308"><li id="ch3.lt535" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.2.4"><h5>Necrotising enterocolitis</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.2.4.1"><h5>ECC versus ICC</h5><ul id="ch3.l309"><li id="ch3.lt536" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=214) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to ICC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.2.4.2"><h5>ECC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l310"><li id="ch3.lt537" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=287) showed a clinically significant increase in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ECC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.8.4.2.4.3"><h5>ICC versus LCC</h5><ul id="ch3.l311"><li id="ch3.lt538" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 retrospective cohort study (n=257) showed no clinically significant difference in necrotising enterocolitis between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ICC compared to LCC.</div></li></ul><p>See <a href="#ch3.appe">appendix E</a> for Forest plots.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.9"><h4>Economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch3.l312"><li id="ch3.lt539" class="half_rhythm"><div>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support was available.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch3.s1.3.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch3.s1.3.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The aim of the review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of caffeine citrate in preterm babies requiring respiratory support. Mortality prior to discharge, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months were prioritised as critical outcomes to inform decision making. Mortality prior to discharge was considered a critical outcome because the ultimate aim of caffeine citrate for preterm babies is to act as a respiratory stimulant to prevent intermittent hypoxia. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia can develop with prolonged respiratory support which may be required in hypoxic babies and was therefore also considered a critical outcome. Neurodevelopmental outcomes such as cerebral palsy, cognitive impairments and sensory impairments such as blindness and deafness can have profound effects on a baby’s later life and thus neurodevelopmental outcomes were also considered as critical outcomes.</p><p>Continued apnoea, extubation failure and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) were considered important outcomes to decision making as they reflect the effectiveness of caffeine citrate as a respiratory stimulant, while tachycardia is one of the most common side effects of caffeine citrateand so was chosen to help balance the benefits and harms of caffeine citrate therapy.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The quality of the evidence in this review ranged from high to very low and was most often downgraded due to methodological limitations affecting the risk of bias, inconsistency in results and uncertainty around the risk estimate. While much of the evidence was of low or very low quality, the majority of the clinically significant outcomes were based on evidence of moderate quality. This enabled the committee to make strong recommendations.</p><p>Methodological limitations affecting the risk of bias were studies not reporting the method for randomisation, treatment allocation or blinding. Additionally, neurodevelopmental outcomes were at a risk of bias as a result of sample attrition due to death or loss to follow-up.</p><p>Uncertainty around the risk estimate was generally attributable to low event rates and small sample sizes. Uncertainty was not estimable for some outcomes due to results being presented in medians, meaning that imprecision was not calculable and the quality of the evidence was downgraded by one level in these cases.</p><p>In addition, despite the evidence not being good quality, the committee were impressed with the body of evidence, and although limited meta-analysis was conducted, results from individual studie all provided evidence that all suggested similar benefits.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>The evidence for the use of caffeine citrate, doses, duration and time of administration was mixed, though evidence was available from studies with large sample sizes. There was evidence for a decrease in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in babies less than 31 weeks (caffeine citrate compared to placebo) and less than 30 weeks (high compared to low dose). Early administration of caffeine citrate (before 2 or 3 days of age) did not lead to improved clinically significant outcomes, but did lead to a statistically significant reduction in BPD compared to later administration. In babies <30 weeks gestation, there was evidence for a clinically significant decrease in BPD in those who received caffeine citrate for 15–30 days compared to <15 days</p><p>Compared to placebo, there was also evidence of a reduction in cerebral palsy at 18–21 months and in a sub-group of babies who were given caffeine citrate for respiratory indications, pre-extubation and with an endotracheal tube in place. There was a statistically significant but not clinically significant decrease in severe cognitive impairment.</p><p>There was no evidence for continued apnoea in caffeine citrate versus placebo comparisons, but evidence showed that higher compared to lower doses of caffeine citrate reduced the indicidence of continued apnoea.</p><p>The manufacturer’s summary of product characteristics for caffeine citrate recommends a loading dose of 20mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 5–10mg/kg every 24 hours, 24 hours after the initial loading dose with the option of increasing maintenance doses over 10mg/kg/day if the baby is not responding. There was evidence for a decrease in BPD, apnoea and extubation failure in babies receiving a higher dose of caffeine citrate compared to a lower dose (reported doses ranged from 15mg/kg to 30 mg/kg compared to 3mg/kg or 5mg/kg). There was no increase in tachycardia with the higher dose. Therefore, the committee recommended a loading dose of 20mg/kg of caffeine citrate followed by a maintenance dose of 5mg/kg, increasing to 20mg/kg per day if needed. The committee noted that the half-life of caffeine citrate in preterm babies is prolonged compared to adults and has been estimated to be 102 hours, which makes it unnecessary to split the daily dose (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref2" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref2">Aranda 1979</a>).</p><p>Additionally, the committee knew from their clinical experience that earlier initiation would lead to less apnoea, and that it is standard practice to start babies born at or before 30 weeks (which is the equivalent gestational age for babies born at or less than1.25kg, and which was the inclusion criteria for the large CAP study) on caffeine citrate soon after birth on their admission to the neonatal unit, so they recommended earlier initiation. There was no evidence for the use of caffeine citrate in babies older than 32 weeks but for preterm babies of any age who experienced apnoea, the committee knew from their clinical experience that caffeine citrate would be beneficial and so they made a consider recommendation for this age group.</p><p>To determine when caffeine citrate should be stopped, the committee referred back to the studies and identified the age at which caffeine citrate was started, the duration of caffeine citrate, and hence the age at which it had been stopped. The committee noted that caffeine citrate had been stopped in the studies at between 33 and 35 weeks. This reflected the clinical experience of the committee as the age at which preterm babies were no longer expected to have apnoea, and so this figure was used by the committee to develop their recommendations.</p><p>There was evidence that showed a clinically significant decrease in the incidence of NEC in babies <30 weeks gestation who received caffeine citrate for >30 days compared to <15 days. Though this evidence was of very low quality and was from a single study, the committee agreed that this was similar to their clinical experience where longer durations of caffeine citrate therapy seem to offer benefits.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>There was no evidence on the cost effectiveness of caffeine citrate in preterm babies who require respiratory support. The committee noted that caffeine citrate has low acquisition costs and is widely used across the NHS. The committee agreed that even increasing the dose up to 20 mg/kg would have negligible effect on NHS costs given that most centres are already using 10 mg/kg. As indicated by the clinical review, caffeine citrate is associated with important improvements in outcomes including lower risk of BPD, apnoea and extubation failure that otherwise may require expensive treatment. As caffeine citrate may also result in improvements in neurodevelopmental outcomes the committee agreed that the use of caffeine citrate was likely to be cost-effective. The committee noted that going above 20mg/kg will require regular blood tests to check caffeine citrate levels and this may incur additional costs to the NHS. However, not many babies would require higher than 20mg/kg dose and the impact on NHS would therefore be negligible. The committee acknowledged that the acquisition cost of intravenous caffeine citrate is higher. However, one vial will be required irrespective of the dose used. Also, the number of babies who require intravenous caffeine citrate is very small.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.3.10.3"><h5>Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>The committee used the Guy’s and Saint Thomas’ Trust (GSTT) Paediatric Formulary and Summaries of Product Characteristics (SPCs) when discussing their dosing recommendations.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.rl.r3"><h4>References</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref1"><p id="p-1021">
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<strong>Amaro 2018</strong>
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</p>Amaro, C. M., Bello, J. A., Jain, D., Ramnath, A., D’Ugard, C., Vanbuskirk, S., Bancalari, E., Claure, N., Early caffeine and weaning from mechanical ventilation in preterm Infants: A randomsied, placebo-controlled trial, Journal of Pediatrics, 06, 06, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29519541" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29519541</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref2"><p id="p-1022">
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<strong>Aranda 1979</strong>
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</p>Aranda, J. V., Cook, C. E., Gorman, W., Collinge, J. M., Loughnan, P. M., Outerbridge, E. W., & Neims, A. H.
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Pharmacokinetic profile of caffeine in the premature newborn infant with apnea. The Journal of Pediatrics, 94, 663–668, 1979 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/430317" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 430317</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref3"><p id="p-1023">
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<strong>Borszewska-Kornacka 2017</strong>
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</p>Borszewska-Kornacka, M. K., Hozejowski, R., Rutkowska, M., Lauterbach, R., Shifting the boundaries for early caffeine initiation in neonatal practice: Results of a prospective, multicenter study on very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome, PLOSone, 12 (12) (no pagination), 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5738066/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5738066</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29261723" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29261723</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref4"><p id="p-1024">
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<strong>CAP trial 2006 (Schmidt 2006)</strong>
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</p>Schmidt, B, Roberts, Rs, Davis, P, Doyle, Lw, Barrington, Kj, Ohlsson, A, Solimano, A, Tin, W, Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity, New England Journal of Medicine, 354, 2112–2121, 2006 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16707748" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16707748</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref5"><p id="p-1025">
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<strong>Davis 2010</strong>
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</p>Davis, P. G., Schmidt, B., Roberts, R. S., Doyle, L. W., Asztalos, E., Haslam, R., Sinha, S., Tin, W., Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity Trial: Benefits May Vary in Subgroups, Journal of Pediatrics, 156, 382–387.e3, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19926098" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19926098</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref6"><p id="p-1026">
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<strong>Dobson 2014</strong>
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</p>Dobson, N. R., Patel, R. M., Smith, P. B., Kuehn, D. R., Clark, J., Vyas-Read, S., Herring, A., Laughon, M. M., Carlton, D., Hunt, C. E., Trends in caffeine use and association between clinical outcomes and timing of therapy in very low birth weight infants, Journal of Pediatrics, 164, 992–998.e3, 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3992195/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3992195</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24461786" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24461786</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref7"><p id="p-1027">
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<strong>Doyle 2014</strong>
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</p>Doyle, L. W., Schmidt, B.
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anderson, P. J., Davis, P. G., Moddemann, D., Grunau, R. E., O’Brien, K., Sankaran, K., Herlenius, E., Roberts, R., Reduction in developmental coordination disorder with neonatal caffeine therapy, Journal of Pediatrics, 165, 356–359.e2, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24840756" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24840756</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref8"><p id="p-1028">
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<strong>Evelina London 2015</strong>
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</p>Caffeine citrate. Evelina London Paediatric Formulary. <a href="http://cms.ubqo.com/public/d2595446-ce3c-47ff-9dcc-63167d9f4b80/content/10149776-b327-415a-96bd-5003e0a4a10b" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://cms<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.ubqo.com/public<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/d2595446-ce3c-47ff-9dcc-63167d9f4b80<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/content/10149776-b327-415a-96bd-5003e0a4a10b</a>, 2015</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref9"><p id="p-1029">
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<strong>Gray 2011</strong>
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</p>Gray, P. H., Flenady, V. J., Charles, B. G., Steer, P. A., Caffeine citrate for very preterm infants: Effects on development, temperament and behaviour, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 47, 167–172, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21244548" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21244548</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref10"><p id="p-1030">
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<strong>Lodha 2015</strong>
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</p>Lodha, A., Seshia, M., McMillan, D. D., Barrington, K., Yang, J., Lee, S. K., Shah, P. S., Association of early caffeine administration and neonatal outcomes in very preterm neonates, JAMA Pediatrics, 169, 33–38, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25402629" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25402629</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref11"><p id="p-1031">
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<strong>Lodha 2018</strong>
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</p>Lodha, A., Rabi, Y., Soraisham, A., Dobry, J., Lodha, A., Amin, H., Awad, E. A., Tang, S., Sahai, A., Bhandari, V., Does duration of caffeine therapy in preterm infants born </=1250 g at birth influence neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes at 3 years of age?, Journal of Perinatology, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29740190" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29740190</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref12"><p id="p-1032">
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<strong>Martindale Pharma</strong>
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</p>Caffeine citrate 10mg/ml solution for injection. Martindale Pharma. <a href="https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5146" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.medicines<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.org.uk/emc/product/5146</a>, 2017</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref13"><p id="p-1033">
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<strong>McPherson 2015</strong>
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</p>McPherson, C., Neil, J. J., Tjoeng, T. H., Pineda, R., Inder, T. E., A pilot randomsied trial of high-dose caffeine therapy in preterm infants, Pediatric Research, 78, 198–204, 2015 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4928641/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4928641</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25856169" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25856169</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref14"><p id="p-1034">
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<strong>Murner-Lavanchy 2018</strong>
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</p>Murner-Lavanchy, I. M., Doyle, L. W., Schmidt, B., Roberts, R. S., Asztalos, E. V., Costantini, L., Davis, P. G., Dewey, D., D’Ilario, J., Grunau, R. E., Moddemann, D., Nelson, H., Ohlsson, A., Solimano, A., Tin, W., Anderson, P. J., Dix, J., Adams, B. A., Warriner, E., Callanan, C., Davis, N., McDonald, M., Duff, J., Kelly, E., Hutchinson, E., Hohn, D., Ayaz, A., Allen, J., Haslam, R., Goodchild, L., Lontis, R. M., Opie, G., Woods, H., Marchant, E., Magrath, E., Williamson, A., Synnes, A., Butt, A., Petrie, J., Sauve, R. S., Christianson, H., Anseeuw-Deeks, D., Makarchuk, S., Debooy, V., Granke, N., Bow, J., Herlenius, E., Legnevall, L., Bohm, B., BergStrom, B. M., Stalnacke, S., Sunden-Cullberg, S., Mayes, C., McCusker, C., Robinson, U., Embleton, N., Carnell, J., Neurobehavioral outcomes 11 years after neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity, Pediatrics, 141 (5) (no pagination), 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29643070" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29643070</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref15"><p id="p-1035">
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<strong>Schmidt 2007</strong>
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</p>Schmidt, B, Roberts, Rs, Davis, P, Doyle, Lw, Barrington, Kj, Ohlsson, A, Solimano, A, Tin, W, Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity, New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 1893–1902, 2007 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17989382" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17989382</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref16"><p id="p-1036">
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<strong>Schmidt 2012</strong>
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</p>Schmidt, B
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anderson, Pj, Doyle, Lw, Dewey, D, Grunau, Re, Asztalos, Ev, Davis, Pg, Tin, W, Moddemann, D, Solimano, A, Ohlsson, A, Barrington, Kj, Roberts, Rs, Survival without disability to age 5 years after neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity, JAMA, 307, 275–282, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22253394" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22253394</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref17"><p id="p-1037">
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<strong>Schmidt 2017</strong>
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</p>Schmidt, B., Roberts, R. S.
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anderson, P. J., Asztalos, E. V., Costantini, L., Davis, P. G., Dewey, D., D’Ilario, J., Doyle, L. W., Grunau, R. E., Moddemann, D., Nelson, H., Ohlsson, A., Solimano, A., Tin, W., Dix, J., Adams, B. A., Warriner, E., Callanan, C., Davis, N., McDonald, M., Duff, J., Kelly, E., Hutchinson, E., Hohn, D., Ayaz, A., Allen, J., Haslam, R., Goodchild, L., Lontis, R. M., Opie, G., Woods, H., Marchant, E., Magrath, E., Williamson, A., Bairam, A., Belanger, S., Fraser, A., Leblanc, M., Synnes, A., Butt, A., Petrie, J., Sauve, R. S., Christianson, H., Anseeuw-Deeks, D., Makarchuk, S., Debooy, V., Granke, N., Bow, J., Nwaesei, C., Ryan, H., Saunders, C., Herlenius, E., Legnevall, L., Bohm, B., Bergstrom, B. M., Stalnacke, S., Sunden-Cullberg, S., Mayes, C., McCusker, C., Robinson, U., Embleton, N., Carnell, J., Academic performance, motor function and behavior 11 years after neonatal caffeine citrate therapy for apnea of prematurity: An 11-year follow-up of the CAP randomsied clinical trial, JAMA Pediatrics, 171, 564–572, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28437520" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28437520</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref18"><p id="p-1038">
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<strong>Steer 2003</strong>
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</p>Steer, P. A., Flenady, V. J., Shearman, A., Lee, T. C., Tudehope, D. I., Charles, B. G., Periextubation caffeine in preterm neonates: a randomsied dose response trial, Journal of Paediatrics & Child HealthJ Paediatr Child Health, 39, 511–5, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12969204" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12969204</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref19"><p id="p-1039">
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<strong>Steer 2004</strong>
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</p>Steer, P., Flenady, V., Shearman, A., Charles, B., Gray, P. H., Henderson-Smart, D., Bury, G., Fraser, S., Hegarty, J., Rogers, Y., Reid, S., Horton, L., Charlton, M., Jacklin, R., Walsh, A., High dose caffeine citrate for extubation of preterm infants: A randomised controlled trial, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 89, F499–F503, 2004 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1721801/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1721801</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15499141" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15499141</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.3.ref20"><p id="p-1040">
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<strong>Taha 2014</strong>
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</p>Taha, D., Kirkby, S., Nawab, U., Dysart, K. C., Genen, L., Greenspan, J. S., Aghai, Z. H., Early caffeine therapy for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 27, 1698–1702, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24479608" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24479608</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4"><h3>Review question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h3><div id="ch3.s1.4.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>The ductus arteriosus is a vascular structure which connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta in the foetus, allowing most of the right ventricular output to be diverted directly from the pulmonary artery into the aorta, bypassing the lungs. The ductus normally closes after birth, but in preterm babies the usual stimuli for closure are not present and the blood vessel remains open, a condition called patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The presence of a PDA allows oxygen-rich blood from the aorta to mix with oxygen-poor blood from the pulmonary artery and has been associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).</p><p>The PDA is likely to close spontaneously before discharge in over 80% of preterm babies, but the time to closure is longer in babies with a lower gestational age and there is uncertainty over whether it is better to try to close a PDA in preterm babies or to adopt a conservative “wait and see” approach.</p><p>Pharmacological closure of a hemodynamically significant PDA in preterm babies is often carried out, usually using a cycloxygenase (COX) inhibitor, but other strategies such as fluid restriction, administration of diuretics and paracetamol may also be used. Closure may also be carried out using surgical techniques.</p><p>This review aims to explore whether any of these of these treatment strategies (pharmacological agents, fluid restriction with or without diuretics, or surgical closure) improves outcomes in preterm infants requiring respiratory support.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch3tab7" rid-ob="figobch3tab7">Table 7</a>: Summary of the protocol (PICO table) for a summary of the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3tab7"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3tab7" rid-ob="figobch3tab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Table 7. Summary of the protocol (PICO table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3tab7">Table 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PICO table). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.3"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="ch3.s1.4.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Thirteen studies that examined treatment outcomes in preterm babies on respiratory support were included in total.10 reports of 9 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref1">Aranda 2009</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref2" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref2">Bagnoli 2013</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref4">De Carolis 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref6" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref6">Gournay 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref7" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref7">Harkin 2016</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref8" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref8">Kanmaz 2013</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref12" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref12">Oncel 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref13">Oncel 2017</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref12" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref12">Oncel 2014</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref14" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref14">Overmeire 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref15">Sosenko 2012</a>). In addition 3 retrospective cohort studies (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref9">Laughon 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref10" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref10">Madan 2009</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref11" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref11">Mirea 2012</a>) were identified.</p><p>Seven RCTs compared ibuprofen to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref1">Aranda 2009</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref2" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref2">Bagnoli 2013</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref4">De Carolis 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref6" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref6">Gournay 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref8" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref8">Kanmaz 2013</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref14" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref14">Overmeire 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref15">Sosenko 2012</a>).</p><p>One RCT compared paracetamol to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref7" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref7">Harkin 2016</a>).</p><p>Two RCTs compared ibuprofen to paracetamol (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref12" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref12">Oncel 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref13">Oncel 2017</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref12" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref12">Oncel 2014</a>]).</p><p>Two retrospective cohort studies compared surgery to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref9">Laughon 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref10" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref10">Madan 2009</a>).</p><p>One retrospective cohort study compared surgery to fluid restriction (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref11" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref11">Mirea 2012</a>).</p><p>No evidence was available for the following comparisons:
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<ul id="ch3.l329"><li id="ch3.lt577" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction versus placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt578" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacological versus surgery</div></li><li id="ch3.lt579" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacological versus fluid restriction</div></li></ul></p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#ch3.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch3.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review, with reasons for their exclusion, are provided in <a href="#ch3.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.4"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch3tab8" rid-ob="figobch3tab8">Table 8</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch3tab9" rid-ob="figobch3tab9">Table 9</a> provide a brief summary of the included studies.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3tab8"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3tab8" rid-ob="figobch3tab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Table 8. RCTs included in the review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3tab8">Table 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">RCTs included in the review. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3tab9"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3tab9" rid-ob="figobch3tab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Table 9. Observational studies included in the review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3tab9">Table 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Observational studies included in the review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> for clinical evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.5"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#ch3.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.6"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><p>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support was identified by the literature searches of the economic literature undertaken for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.7"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8"><h4>Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1"><h5>Comparison 1. Pharmacological treatment versus placebo</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1"><h5>Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l343"><li id="ch3.lt647" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 6 RCTs (n=879) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.1.2"><h5>BPD at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of life</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.1.2.1"><h5>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</h5><ul id="ch3.l344"><li id="ch3.lt648" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=285) showed no clinically significant difference in BPD at 36 weeks PMA between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.1.2.3"><h5>BPD at 28 days of life</h5><ul id="ch3.l345"><li id="ch3.lt649" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=586) showed no clinically significant difference in BPD at 28 days of life between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months</h5><ul id="ch3.l346"><li id="ch3.lt650" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.1"><h5>Failure of patent ductus arteriosus closure</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.1.1"><h5>PDA required back-up treatment with indomethacin</h5><ul id="ch3.l347"><li id="ch3.lt651" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=561) showed a clinically significant decrease in the number of babies requiring back-up treatment with indomethacin in preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.1.2"><h5>PDA required surgical ligation</h5><ul id="ch3.l348"><li id="ch3.lt652" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=561) showed no clinically significant difference in those who required surgical ligation between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.1.3"><h5>PDA failed to close on day 3</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.1.3.1"><h5>All infants 24–30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l349"><li id="ch3.lt653" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=586) showed a clinically significant decrease in failure to close on day 3 in all preterm aged 24–30 weeks babies who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.1.3.2"><h5>24–26 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l350"><li id="ch3.lt654" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=101) showed a clinically significant decrease in failure to close on day 3 in preterm babies aged 24–26 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.1.3.3"><h5>27–30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l351"><li id="ch3.lt655" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=314) showed a clinically significant decrease in failure to close on day 3 in preterm babies aged 27–30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.1.4"><h5>PDA reopened after closure on day 3</h5><ul id="ch3.l352"><li id="ch3.lt656" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=415) showed no clinically significant difference in reopening after closure on day 3 between preterm babies with a gestational age of 24–30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.1.5"><h5>Repeated course of blinded study drug, first 28 days</h5><ul id="ch3.l353"><li id="ch3.lt657" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=105) showed a clinically significant decrease in those needing a repeated course of blinded study drug during the first 28 days in preterm babies with a gestational age of 23–32 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.1.6"><h5>Open-label ibuprofen, first 28 days</h5><ul id="ch3.l354"><li id="ch3.lt658" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=105) showed no clinically significant difference in those needing open-label ibuprofen during the first 28 days between preterm babies with a gestational age of 23–32 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2"><h5>Renal impairment</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.1"><h5>At least 1 episode of serum creatinine > 140µmol/L (Day 1–3)</h5><ul id="ch3.l355"><li id="ch3.lt659" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=131) showed no clinically significant difference in those with at least 1 episode of serum creatinine ><u>140µmol/L</u> between preterm babies with a gestational age < 28 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.2"><h5>Serum creatinine (mg/dL)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.2.1"><h5>Day 1</h5><ul id="ch3.l356"><li id="ch3.lt660" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=46) showed no clinically significant difference in serum creatinine levels on day 1 between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 28 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.2.2"><h5>Day 4</h5><ul id="ch3.l357"><li id="ch3.lt661" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=46) showed no clinically significant difference in serum creatinine levels on day 4 between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 28 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.3"><h5>Serum creatinine (µmol/L)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.3.1"><h5>Day 1</h5><ul id="ch3.l358"><li id="ch3.lt662" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=415) showed no clinically significant difference in serum creatinine levels on day 1 between preterm babies with a gestational age of 24–30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.3.2"><h5>Day 3</h5><ul id="ch3.l359"><li id="ch3.lt663" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=415) showed a clinically significant increase in serum creatinine levels on day 3 in preterm babies with a gestational age of 24–30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.4"><h5>Median serum creatinine (mg/dl), day 7</h5><ul id="ch3.l360"><li id="ch3.lt664" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=134) showed a clinically significant increase at day 7 in median creatinine levels in preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.5"><h5>At least 1 episode of urinary output < 2 mL/kg/h (Day 1–3)</h5><ul id="ch3.l361"><li id="ch3.lt665" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=131) showed no clinically significant difference in the number of babies who had at least 1 episode of urinary output < 2 mL/kg/h between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 28 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.6"><h5>Urine production (mL/kg/h)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.6.1"><h5>Day 1</h5><ul id="ch3.l362"><li id="ch3.lt666" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=415) showed a clinically significant decrease in urine production on day 1 in preterm babies with a gestational age of 24–30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.6.2"><h5>Day 3</h5><ul id="ch3.l363"><li id="ch3.lt667" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=415) showed no clinically significant difference in urine production on day 3 between preterm babies with a gestational age of 24–30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.7"><h5>Median blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dl) – Day 7</h5><ul id="ch3.l364"><li id="ch3.lt668" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=134) showed a clinically significant increase in median BUN levels in preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.8"><h5>Urea (mg/dl)</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.8.1"><h5>Day 1</h5><ul id="ch3.l365"><li id="ch3.lt669" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=46) showed no clinically significant difference in urea on day 1 between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 28 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.8.2"><h5>Day 4</h5><ul id="ch3.l366"><li id="ch3.lt670" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=46) showed no clinically significant difference in urea on day 4 between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 28 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.2.9"><h5>Oliguria < 0.5mL/kg/h (Days 1–3)</h5><ul id="ch3.l367"><li id="ch3.lt671" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=415) showed a clinically significant increase in oliguria < 0.5mL/kg/h on days 1–3 in preterm babies with a gestational age of 24–30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.3"><h5>Gastrointestinal complications</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.3.1"><h5>Intestinal perforation</h5><ul id="ch3.l368"><li id="ch3.lt672" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=236) showed no clinically significant difference in rates of intestinal perforation between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 32 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.3.2"><h5>NEC (requiring surgery)</h5><ul id="ch3.l369"><li id="ch3.lt673" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=105) showed no clinically significant difference in NEC requiring surgery between preterm babies with a gestational age of 23–32 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.3.3"><h5>NEC (stage 3)</h5><ul id="ch3.l370"><li id="ch3.lt674" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=415) showed no clinically significant difference in stage 3 NEC between preterm babies with a gestational age of 24–30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.1.2.3.4"><h5>NEC (any stage)</h5><ul id="ch3.l371"><li id="ch3.lt675" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=343) showed no clinically significant difference in NEC at any stage between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 31 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2"><h5>Comparison 1.2 Paracetamol versus placebo</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l372"><li id="ch3.lt676" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=48) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies who received paracetamol compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.1.2"><h5>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</h5><ul id="ch3.l373"><li id="ch3.lt677" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=48) showed no clinically significant difference in BPD at 36 weeks PMA between preterm babies who received paracetamol compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months</h5><ul id="ch3.l374"><li id="ch3.lt678" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.2.1"><h5>Failure of patent ductus arteriosus closure</h5><ul id="ch3.l375"><li id="ch3.lt679" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.2.2"><h5>Renal impairment</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.2.2.1"><h5>Oliguria (< 1mL/kg/h)</h5><ul id="ch3.l376"><li id="ch3.lt680" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=48) showed no clinically significant difference in oliguria between preterm babies who received paracetamol compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.2.2.2"><h5>Polyuria (> 5mL/kg/h)</h5><p>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=48) showed no clinically significant difference in polyuria between preterm babies who received paracetamol compared to those who received placebo.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.2.3"><h5>Gastrointestinal complications</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.1.2.2.3.1"><h5>NEC (stage 3)</h5><ul id="ch3.l377"><li id="ch3.lt681" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=48) showed no clinically significant difference in stage 3 NEC between preterm babies who received paracetamol compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2"><h5>Comparison 2. Surgery versus no surgery</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l378"><li id="ch3.lt682" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 observational studies (n=4587 and n=538) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of < 30 weeks who received surgery compared to those who received no surgery.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2.1.2"><h5>BPD at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of life</h5><ul id="ch3.l379"><li id="ch3.lt683" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months</h5><ul id="ch3.l380"><li id="ch3.lt684" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2.2.1"><h5>Failure of patent ductus arteriosus closure</h5><ul id="ch3.l381"><li id="ch3.lt685" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2.2.2"><h5>Renal impairment</h5><ul id="ch3.l382"><li id="ch3.lt686" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2.2.3"><h5>Gastrointestinal complications</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2.2.3.1"><h5>Intestinal perforation</h5><ul id="ch3.l383"><li id="ch3.lt687" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=4587) showed a clinically significant increase in intestinal perforation in preterm babies with a gestational age of 24–30 weeks who received surgery compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.2.2.3.2"><h5>NEC</h5><ul id="ch3.l384"><li id="ch3.lt688" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=4587) showed a clinically significant increase in NEC in preterm babies with a gestational age of 24–30 weeks who received surgery compared to those who received placebo.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.3"><h5>Comparison 3. Surgery versus fluid restriction</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.3.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.3.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l385"><li id="ch3.lt689" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=904) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks who received surgery compared to those who received fluid restriction.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.3.1.2"><h5>BPD at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of life</h5><ul id="ch3.l386"><li id="ch3.lt690" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=904) showed a clinically significant increase in BPD at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of life in preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks who received surgery compared to those who received fluid restriction.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.3.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months</h5><ul id="ch3.l387"><li id="ch3.lt691" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.3.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.3.2.1"><h5>Failure of patent ductus arteriosus closure</h5><ul id="ch3.l388"><li id="ch3.lt692" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.3.2.2"><h5>Renal impairment</h5><ul id="ch3.l389"><li id="ch3.lt693" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.3.2.3"><h5>Gastrointestinal complications</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.3.2.3.1"><h5>NEC (stages 2 or 3)</h5><ul id="ch3.l390"><li id="ch3.lt694" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=904) showed a clinically significant increase in stage 2 or 3 NEC in preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks who received surgery compared to those who received fluid restriction.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4"><h5>Comparison 4. Ibuprofen versus paracetamol</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.1.1"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch3.l391"><li id="ch3.lt695" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=80) showed no clinically significant difference in mortality prior to discharge between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.1.2"><h5>BPD at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of life</h5><ul id="ch3.l392"><li id="ch3.lt696" class="half_rhythm"><div>There was no evidence for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: neurodevelopmental impairment</h5><ul id="ch3.l393"><li id="ch3.lt697" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=61) showed no clinically significant difference in neurodevelopmental impairment between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.1.4"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: moderate to severe cerebral palsy</h5><ul id="ch3.l394"><li id="ch3.lt698" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=61) showed no clinically significant difference in moderate to severe cerebral palsy between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.1.5"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: blindness</h5><ul id="ch3.l395"><li id="ch3.lt699" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=61) showed no clinically significant difference in blindness between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.1.6"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥ 18 months: deafness</h5><ul id="ch3.l396"><li id="ch3.lt700" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=61) showed no clinically significant difference in deafness between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1"><h5>Failure of patent ductus arteriosus closure</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.1"><h5>PDA closure after first course of study drug</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.1.1"><h5>≤ 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l397"><li id="ch3.lt701" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=80) showed no clinically significant difference in PDA closure after the first course of the study drug between preterm babies at ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.1.2"><h5>< 28 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l398"><li id="ch3.lt702" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=42) showed no clinically significant difference in PDA closure after the first course of the study drug between preterm babies at < 28 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.1.3"><h5>≤ 26 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l399"><li id="ch3.lt703" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=39) showed no clinically significant difference in PDA closure after the first course of the study drug between preterm babies at ≤ 26 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.2"><h5>Reopening and closure with second cure</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.2.1"><h5>≤ 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l400"><li id="ch3.lt704" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=80) showed no clinically significant difference in reopening and closure with second cure between preterm babies at ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.2.2"><h5>< 28 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l401"><li id="ch3.lt705" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=42) showed no clinically significant difference in reopening and closure with second cure between preterm babies at < 28 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.2.3"><h5>26 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l402"><li id="ch3.lt706" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=39) showed no clinically significant difference in reopening and closure with second cure between preterm babies at ≤ 26 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.3"><h5>Surgical ligation rate</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.3.1"><h5>≤ 30 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l403"><li id="ch3.lt707" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=80) showed no clinically significant difference in the surgical ligation rate between preterm babies at ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.3.2"><h5>< 28 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l404"><li id="ch3.lt708" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=42) showed no clinically significant difference in the surgical ligation rate between preterm babies at < 28 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.1.3.3"><h5>26 weeks</h5><ul id="ch3.l405"><li id="ch3.lt709" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=39) showed no clinically significant difference in the surgical ligation rate between preterm babies at ≤ 26 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.2"><h5>Renal impairment</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.2.1"><h5>Change in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL) from pre-treatment to post-treatment</h5><ul id="ch3.l406"><li id="ch3.lt710" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=80) showed no clinically significant difference in change in BUN from pre-treatment to post-treatment between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.2.2"><h5>Change in serum creatinine (mg/dL) from pre-treatment to post-treatment</h5><ul id="ch3.l407"><li id="ch3.lt711" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=80) showed no clinically significant difference in deafness between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.2.3"><h5>Change in urine output (mL/kg/h) from pre-treatment to post-treatment</h5><ul id="ch3.l408"><li id="ch3.lt712" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=80) showed no clinically significant difference in change in urine output from pre-treatment to post-treatment between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.3"><h5>Gastrointestinal complications</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.3.1"><h5>NEC (any stage)</h5><ul id="ch3.l409"><li id="ch3.lt713" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=80) showed no clinically significant difference in NEC at any stage between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.3.2"><h5>NEC (stage > 2)</h5><ul id="ch3.l410"><li id="ch3.lt714" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=80) showed no clinically significant difference in NEC at stage 2 or greater between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.8.4.2.3.3"><h5>Gastrointestinal bleeding</h5><ul id="ch3.l411"><li id="ch3.lt715" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=80) showed no clinically significant difference in gastrointestinal bleeding between preterm babies with a gestational age of ≤ 30 weeks who received ibuprofen compared to those who received paracetamol.</div></li></ul><p>See <a href="#ch3.appe">appendix E</a> for Forest plots.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.9"><h4>Economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch3.l412"><li id="ch3.lt716" class="half_rhythm"><div>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support was available.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch3.s1.4.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch3.s1.4.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The aim of the review was to assess the effectiveness of interventions for closing a PDA in preterm babies requiring respiratory support. The aim of closing a PDA is to reduce mortality prior to discharge and the incidence of BPD and therefore these were critical outcomes. As the haemodynamic disturbances associated with a large PDA can affect cerebral blood flow, neurodevelopmental delay (cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment and sensory impairments such as blindness and deafness) was also selected as a critical outcome, particularly as this can have profound and long-lasting effects on a baby’s life, and their parents/carers too.</p><p>Failure of PDA closure was chosen as a measure of the effectiveness of interventions and an important outcome. As the range of possible treatment interventions can have adverse effects including renal impairment and gastrointestinal complications these were also considered as important outcomes.</p><p>There was evidence for all these outcomes across the range on interventions considered, but limited evidence for neurodevelopmental outcomes.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>No evidence was available for fluid restriction versus placebo, pharmacological treatment versus surgery, or pharmacological treatment versus fluid restriction. However these were not considered priorities for further research.</p><p>The quality of the evidence in this review ranged from very low to high with about half of the outcomes being rated as moderate to high.</p><p>The quality of evidence was most often downgraded because of methodological limitations affecting the risk of bias, inconsistency and the uncertainty around the risk estimate.</p><p>Methodological limitations affecting the risk of bias were generally attributed to several studies not reporting the method for randomisation, treatment allocation, or blinding.</p><p>Uncertainty around the risk estimate was generally attributable to low event rates and small sample sizes. Uncertainty was also not available for some outcomes due to results being presented in medians, meaning that imprecision was not calculable and the quality of the evidence was downgraded by one level in these cases.</p><p>The low quality of the evidence and failure of some studies to report the criteria for treating PDA or administering back up treatment made it more difficult for the committee to make any recommendations for the treatment of PDA.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>There was evidence that ibuprofen was effective at closing the PDA, but there was no evidence for a reduction in mortality with any of the interventions, nor for a reduction in BPD. Indeed, with one comparison (surgery versus fluid restriction) there was evidence of an increase in BPD rates with surgical treatment. Similarly, there was evidence, but it showed no difference for any change in neurodevelopmental outcomes for the comparison of ibuprofen versus paracetamol (the only comparison where neurodevelopmental outcomes were available). However, there was evidence which showed there were side-effects from interventions including evidence for renal impairment with ibuprofen and gastrointestinal complications including intestinal perforation with surgery. Therefore, the committee agreed that the harms of routinely treating PDA outweighed the potential clinical benefits. The committee’s recommendation to not routinely treat PDA would result in fewer babies receiving surgery unnecessarily and fewer side effects from drugs used to treat PDA.</p><p>The committee discussed that in some cases it might be appropriate to treat a PDA, for example in babies who were proving very difficult to wean from a ventilator. In these babies an individualised decision to treat the PDA might be made.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>There was no existing evidence on the cost-effectiveness of treatments for PDA in preterm babies requiring respiratory care. However, as evidence for the effectiveness of treatments for PDA showed no benefits, and the harms of treating PDA outweighed the potential clinical benefits it is unlikely that any interventions will be cost-effective in this population.</p><p>The committee explained that the unit cost for the PDA surgery depends on the presence of co-morbidities. According to the NHS Reference Costs 2016/17 (Non-Elective Long Stay) the unit cost for Intermediate Procedure for Congenital Heart Disease with CC Score 0–3 is £5,351 (EC14C), for a procedure with CC Score 4–8 it is £7,059 (EC14B), and for a procedure with a CC Score 9+ the unit cost is as much as £12,945 (EC14A). The committee noted that almost none will have EC14A, but many may have EC14B or EC14C. Also, the tariff will be brought down if another procedure of lower value is done concomitantly. The committee discussed the number of surgical PDA closures in premature babies that are done each year (approximately 260) and the cost of each procedure and agreed that there would, therefore, be cost-savings to the NHS if some of these procedures were not carried out. In addition, reducing the treatment of PDA will reduce the costs associated with transporting preterm babies to other centres for surgery.</p></div><div id="ch3.s1.4.10.3"><h5>Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>The committee took expert advice for this review question from a co-opted committee member who was a paediatric cardiologist and who provided an overview of the number of PDA closures carried out. The committee discussed the decision-making and referral process involving neonatologists, cardiologists and surgeons when the decision is being made whether to surgically repair a PDA. There was a particular concern that a baby’s referral to a cardiologist would be interpreted by the cardiologist as a definitive request for a PDA closure, when it may not actually be the best treatment option.</p><p>The committee noted two ongoing trials that are assessing the treatment of PDA. The Baby-OSCAR (<b>O</b>utcome after <b>S</b>elective Early Treatment for <b>C</b>losure of Patent Ductus <b>AR</b>teriosus in Pre-term Babies) compares the use of ibuprofen to placebo to close large PDAs in preterm babies and following them up for 2 years. The results of this study will provide further information to guide the use of pharmacologic treatment to close a PDA. The committee did not therefore make a research recommendation for this review question. However, they did note that further studies using different echo physiological parameters from Baby-OSCAR to identify which babies would potentially benefit from PDA closure may allow treatment to be targeted more effectively in the future. The Belgium Netherlands Ductus trial (BeNeDuctus) (<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref3">Hundscheid et al., 2018</a>) was still in recruitment at the time of this guideline’s development, but is assessing early treatment versus expectant management of PDA in preterm babies and will provide evidence as to whether delaying treatment allows a PDA to close spontaneously and thus avoid unnecessary treatment.</p><p>The committee also noted that it might be appropriate for the Neonatal Critical Care Clinical Reference Group (CRG) to incorporate their recommendations into the delivery of care in neonatal tertiary centres.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.rl.r4"><h4>References</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref1"><p id="p-1346">
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<strong>Aranda 2009</strong>
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</p>Aranda, J. V., Clyman, R., Cox, B., Van Overmeire, B., Wozniak, P., Sosenko, I., Carlo, W. A., Ward, R. M., Shalwitz, R., Baggs, G., Seth, A., Darko, L., A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on intravenous ibuprofen L-lysine for the early closure of nonsymptomatic patent ductus arteriosus within 72 hours of birth in extremely low-birth-weight infants, American Journal of Perinatology, 26, 235–246, 2009 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19067286" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19067286</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref2"><p id="p-1347">
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<strong>Bagnoli 2013</strong>
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</p>Bagnoli, F., Rossetti, A., Messina, G., Mori, A., Casucci, M., Tomasini, B., Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using ibuprofen: Renal side-effects in VLBW and ELBW newborns, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 26, 423–429, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23057804" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23057804</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref3"><p id="p-1348">
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<strong>BeNeDuctus trial</strong>
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</p>Hundscheid
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T, Onland
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W, van Overmeire
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B, Dijk
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P, van Kaam
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AHLC, Dijkman
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KP, Kooi
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EMW, Villamor
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E, Kroon
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AA, Visser
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R, Vijlbrief
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DC, de Tollenaer
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SM, Cools
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F, van Laere
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D, Johansson
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AB, Hocq
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C, Zecic
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A, Adang
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E, Donders
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R, de Vries
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W, van Heijst
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AFJ, de Boode
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WP. Early treatment versus expectative management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial in Europe (BeNeDuctus trial). BMC Pediatr. 2018
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Aug
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4;18(1):262. doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1215-7. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6090763/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6090763</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30077184" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30077184</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1215-7" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref4"><p id="p-1349">
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<strong>De Carolis</strong>
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</p>De Carolis, M. P., Romagnoli, C., Polimeni, V., Piersigilli, F., Zecca, E., Papacci, P., Delogu, A. B., Tortorolo, G., Prophylactic ibuprofen therapy of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants, European Journal of Pediatrics, 159, 364–368, 2000 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10834523" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10834523</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref5"><p id="p-1350">
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<strong>DHSC 2018</strong>
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</p>DHSC. NHS reference costs 2016/17, Department of Health and Social Care, 2018</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref6"><p id="p-1351">
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<strong>Gournay 2004</strong>
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</p>Gournay, V., Roze, J.C., Kuster, A., Daoud, P., Cambonie, G., Hascoet, J.M., Chamboux, C., Blanc, T., Fichtner, C., Savagner, C., Gouyon, J.B., Flurin, V., Thiriez, G., Prophylactic ibuprofen versus placebo in very premature infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet, 364, 1939–1944, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15567009" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15567009</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref7"><p id="p-1352">
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<strong>Harkin 2016</strong>
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</p>Harkin, P., Harma, A., Aikio, O., Valkama, M., Leskinen, M., Saarela, T., Hallman, M., Paracetamol Accelerates Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus after Premature Birth: A Randomised Trial, Journal of Pediatrics, 13, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27215779" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27215779</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref8"><p id="p-1353">
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<strong>Kanmaz 2013</strong>
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</p>Kanmaz, G., Erdeve, O., Canpolat, F.E., Oguz, S.S., Uras, N., Altug, N., Greijdanus, B., Dilmen, U., Serum ibuprofen levels of extremely preterm infants treated prophylactically with oral ibuprofen to prevent patent ductus arteriosus, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 69, 1075–1081, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23128963" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23128963</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref9"><p id="p-1354">
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<strong>Laughon 2007</strong>
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</p>Laughon, M., Bose, C., Clark, R., Treatment strategies to prevent or close a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants and outcomes, Journal of Perinatology, 27, 164–170, 2007 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17251985" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17251985</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref10"><p id="p-1355">
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<strong>Madan 2009</strong>
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</p>Madan, J. C., Kendrick, D., Hagadorn, J. I., Frantz, I. D., 3rd, National Institute of Child, Health, Human Development Neonatal Research, Network, Patent ductus arteriosus therapy: impact on neonatal and 18-month outcome, Pediatrics, 123, 674–81, 2009 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2752886/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2752886</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19171637" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19171637</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref11"><p id="p-1356">
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<strong>Mirea 2012</strong>
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</p>Mirea, L., Sankaran, K., Seshia, M., Ohlsson, A., Allen, A. C., Aziz, K., Lee, S. K., Shah, P. S., Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus and neonatal mortality/morbidities: adjustment for treatment selection bias, The Journal of Pediatrics, 161, 689–94.e1, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22703954" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22703954</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref12"><p id="p-1357">
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<strong>Oncel 2014</strong>
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</p>Oncel, M. Y., Yurttutan, S., Erdeve, O., Uras, N., Altug, N., Oguz, S. S., Canpolat, F. E., Dilmen, U., Oral paracetamol versus oral ibuprofen in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial, Journal of Pediatrics, 164, 510–4.e1, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24359938" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24359938</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref13"><p id="p-1358">
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<strong>Oncel 2017</strong>
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</p>Oncel, M. Y., Eras, Z., Uras, N., Canpolat, F. E., Erdeve, O., Oguz, S. S., Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants Treated with Oral Paracetamol Versus Ibuprofen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus, American Journal of Perinatology, 34, 1185–1189, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28395364" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28395364</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref14"><p id="p-1359">
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<strong>Overmeire 2004</strong>
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</p>Overmeire, B., Allegaert, K., Casaer, A., Debauche, C., Decaluwé, W., Jespers, A., Weyler, J., Harrewijn, I., Langhendries, JP., Prophylactic ibuprofen in premature infants: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet
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364, 1945–1949, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15567010" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15567010</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch3.s1.4.ref15"><p id="p-1360">
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<strong>Sosenko 2012</strong>
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</p>Sosenko, I.R., Fajardo, M.F., Claure, N., Bancalari, E., Timing of patent ductus arteriosus treatment and respiratory outcome in premature infants: a double-blind randomised controlled trial, Journal of Pediatrics, 160, 929–935, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22284563" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22284563</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup3"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup3_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch3.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><div id="ch3.appa.s1"><h4>Review protocol for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appatab1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appatab1" rid-ob="figobch3appatab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appatab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Preterm babies requiring respiratory support <i>Exclusions:</i></p></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appa.s2"><h4>Review protocol for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appatab2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appatab2" rid-ob="figobch3appatab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appa.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appatab2">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Preterm babies who require respiratory support: Exclusions:</p></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appa.s3"><h4>Review protocol for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appatab3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appatab3" rid-ob="figobch3appatab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appa.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appatab3">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Preterm babies who require respiratory support. Exclusions:
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Preterm babies with congenital abnormalities excluding patent ductus arteriosus Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, NEC, neurological <a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appatab3">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appa.s4"><h4>Review protocol for question 3.8: What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appatab4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appatab4" rid-ob="figobch3appatab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appa.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appatab4">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Preterm babies diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus by an echocardiogram and require respiratory support. Exclusions:
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Preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities except PDA Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory <a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appatab4">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="ch3.appb.s1"><h4>Literature search strategies for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appb.s1.1"><h5>Systematic reviews and RCTs</h5><p>Date of initial search: 10/05/2017</p><p>Database: Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 19, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 26/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 26, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab1" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab1">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s1.2"><h5>Observational studies</h5><p>Date of initial search: 10/05/2017</p><p>Database: Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 19, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 26/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 26, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab2" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab2">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s1.3"><h5>Health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search: 10/05/2017</p><p>Database: Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 19, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 26/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 26, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab3" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab3">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s1.4"><h5>Systematic reviews, RCTs, health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search: 10/05/2017</p><p>Databases: The Cochrane Library, issue 5 of 12, May 2017</p><p>Date of updated search: 27/06/2018</p><p>Databases: The Cochrane Library, issue 6 of 12, June 2018</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab4" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab4">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s2"><h4>Literature search strategies for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appb.s2.1"><h5>Systematic reviews and RCTs</h5><p>Date of initial search: 03/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 40, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 26/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 26, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab5"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab5" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab5">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s2.2"><h5>Observational studies</h5><p>Date of initial search: 03/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 40, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 26/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 26, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab6"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab6" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab6">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s2.3"><h5>Health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search: 03/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 40, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 26/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 26, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab7"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab7" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab7">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s2.4"><h5>Systematic reviews, RCTs and health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search: 03/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): Cochrane Library, issue 10 of 12, October 2017</p><p>Date of updated search: 27/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Cochrane Library, issue 6 of 12, June 2018</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab8"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab8" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab8">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s3"><h4>Literature search strategies for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>Date of initial search: 13/03/2018</p><p>Database: Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 11, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 12/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 24, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab9"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab9" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab9">Table</a></h4></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s3.1"><h5>Health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search: 14/03/2018</p><p>Database: Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 11, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 12/6/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 24, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab10"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab10" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab10">Table</a></h4></div></div><p>Date of initial search: 13/03/2018</p><p>Database: The Cochrane Library, issue 3 of 12, March 2018</p><p>Date of updated search: 13/06/2018</p><p>Database: The Cochrane Library, issue 6 of 12, June 2018</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab11"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab11" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab11">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s4"><h4>Literature search strategies for question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appb.s4.1"><h5>Systematic reviews and RCTs</h5><p>Date of initial search: 15/11/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 46, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 05/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 23, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab12"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab12" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab12">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s4.2"><h5>Observational studies</h5><p>Date of initial search:15/11/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 46, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 06/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 23, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab13"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab13" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab13"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab13/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab13/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab13">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s4.3"><h5>Health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search:15/11/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 46, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 05/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 23, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab14"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab14" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab14"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab14/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab14/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab14">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appb.s4.4"><h5>Systematic reviews, RCTs, health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search: 15/11/2017</p><p>Database: The Cochrane Library, issue11 of 12, November 2017</p><p>Date of updated search: 05/06/2018</p><p>Database: The Cochrane Library, issue 6 of 12, June 2018</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appbtab15"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appbtab15" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab15"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab15/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab15/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appb.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appbtab15">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch3.appc.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence study selection for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appc.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appcf1&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appcf1.jpg" alt="Image ch3appcf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appc.s2"><h4>Clinical evidence study selection for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appc.fig2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appcf2&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appcf2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appcf2.jpg" alt="Image ch3appcf2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appc.s3"><h4>Clinical evidence study selection for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appc.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appcf3&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appcf3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appcf3.jpg" alt="Image ch3appcf3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appc.s4"><h4>Clinical evidence study selection for question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appc.s4.1"><h5>Systematic reviews and RCTS</h5><div id="ch3.appc.fig4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appcf4&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appcf4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appcf4.jpg" alt="Image ch3appcf4" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appc.s4.2"><h5>Observational studies</h5><div id="ch3.appc.fig5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appcf5&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appcf5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appcf5.jpg" alt="Image ch3appcf5" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="ch3.appd.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (1.5M)</span></p></div><div id="ch3.appd.s2"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appd.et2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3-appd-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (157K)</span></p></div><div id="ch3.appd.s3"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appd.et3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3-appd-et3.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (652K)</span></p></div><div id="ch3.appd.s4"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appd.et4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3-appd-et4.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">RCTs</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 678K)</span></p><p id="ch3.appd.et5"><a href="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3-appd-et5.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Observational studies</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 302K)</span></p></div></div><div id="ch3.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch3.appe.s1"><h4>Forest plots for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – mortality prior to discharge</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo–bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 4. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older (random effects meta-analysis)</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 5. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older (fixed effects meta-analysis)</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 6. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig7" class="figpopup">Figure 7. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe intellectual impairment (IQ <70) at 18months of age or older</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig8" class="figpopup">Figure 8. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe blindness at 18 months of age or older</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig9" class="figpopup">Figure 9. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe deafness at 18 months of age or older</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig10" class="figpopup">Figure 10. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – gastro-intestinal perforation</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig11"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig11" class="figpopup">Figure 11. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – hypertension</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig12"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig12" class="figpopup">Figure 12. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – mortality prior to discharge</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig13"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig13" class="figpopup">Figure 13. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig14"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig14" class="figpopup">Figure 14. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig15"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig15" class="figpopup">Figure 15. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig16"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig16" class="figpopup">Figure 16. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – moderate or severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig17"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig17" class="figpopup">Figure 17. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – gastro-intestinal perforation</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig18"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig18" class="figpopup">Figure 18. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – hypertension</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig19"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig19" class="figpopup">Figure 19. Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone – mortality prior to discharge</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig20"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig20" class="figpopup">Figure 20. Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig21"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig21" class="figpopup">Figure 21. Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone – gastro-intestinal perforation</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig22"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig22" class="figpopup">Figure 22. Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone - hypertension</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig23"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig23" class="figpopup">Figure 23. Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – mortality prior to discharge</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig24"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig24" class="figpopup">Figure 24. Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig25"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig25" class="figpopup">Figure 25. Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig26"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig26" class="figpopup">Figure 26. Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – hypertension</a></p></div><div id="ch3.appe.s2"><h4>Forest plots for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><p>No meta-analyses were conducted for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.appe.s3"><h4>Forest plots for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appe.fig27"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig27" class="figpopup">Figure 27. Comparison 1: Caffeine versus placebo – Mortality prior to discharge</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig28"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig28" class="figpopup">Figure 28. Comparison 1: Caffeine versus placebo – Necrotising enterocolitis</a></p></div><div id="ch3.appe.s4"><h4>Forest plots for question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appe.fig29"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig29" class="figpopup">Figure 29. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – Mortality prior to discharge</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig30"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig30" class="figpopup">Figure 30. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig31"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig31" class="figpopup">Figure 31. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – BPD at 28 days of life</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig32"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig32" class="figpopup">Figure 32. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – PDA required back-up treatment with indomethacin</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig33"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig33/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig33" class="figpopup">Figure 33. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – PDA required surgical ligation</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig34"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig34/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig34" class="figpopup">Figure 34. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – PDA failed to close on day 3</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig35"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig35/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig35" class="figpopup">Figure 35. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – Intestinal perforation</a></p><p id="ch3.appe.fig36"><a href="/books/NBK577839/figure/ch3.appe.fig36/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appefig36" class="figpopup">Figure 36. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – NEC (any stage)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch3.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="ch3.appf.s1"><h4>GRADE tables for Question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 10. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab2" class="figpopup">Table 11. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab3" class="figpopup">Table 12. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1.3. Budesonide versus placebo</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab4" class="figpopup">Table 13. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose dexamethasone</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab5" class="figpopup">Table 14. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 3.2. Individual tailored course dexamethasone versus continuous tapered course dexamethasone</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab6" class="figpopup">Table 15. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone</a></p></div><div id="ch3.appf.s2"><h4>GRADE tables for Question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appf.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab7" class="figpopup">Table 16. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1.1 Chlorothiazide plus spironolactone versus placebo</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab8" class="figpopup">Table 17. Clinial evidence profile: comparison 2.1 Furosemide versus other diuretic(s)</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab9" class="figpopup">Table 18. Clinical evidence profile: comparison 3.1 Chlorothiazide plus spironolactone versus chlorothiazide</a></p></div><div id="ch3.appf.s3"><h4>GRADE tables for Question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appf.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab10" class="figpopup">Table 19. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1 – Caffeine versus placebo</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab11" class="figpopup">Table 20. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 2 – Lower dose caffeine versus higher dose caffeine</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab12" class="figpopup">Table 21. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 3 – Earlier administration of caffeine versus later administration of caffeine</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab13" class="figpopup">Table 22. Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 4 – Shorter duration caffeine versus longer duration caffeine</a></p></div><div id="ch3.appf.s4"><h4>GRADE tables for Question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch3.appf.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab14" class="figpopup">Table 23. Clinical evidence profile – Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab15" class="figpopup">Table 24. Evidence profile: Comparison 1.2 Paracetamol versus placebo</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab16" class="figpopup">Table 25. Clinical evidence profile – Comparison 2. Surgery versus no surgery</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab17" class="figpopup">Table 26. Clinical evidence profile – Comparison 3. Surgery versus fluid restriction</a></p><p id="ch3.appf.tab18"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appftab18" class="figpopup">Table 27. Clinical evidence profile – Comparison 4. Ibuprofen versus paracetamol</a></p></div></div><div id="ch3.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch3.appg.s1"><h4>Economic evidence selection for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appg.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appgf1&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appgf1.jpg" alt="Image ch3appgf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appg.s2"><h4>Economic evidence selection for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appg.fig2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appgf2&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appgf2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appgf2.jpg" alt="Image ch3appgf2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appg.s3"><h4>Economic evidence selection for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appg.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appgf3&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appgf3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appgf3.jpg" alt="Image ch3appgf3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appg.s4"><h4>Economic evidence selection for question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appg.fig4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appgf4&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appgf4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appgf4.jpg" alt="Image ch3appgf4" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><div id="ch3.apph.s1"><h4>Economic evidence tables for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.apph.s2"><h4>Economic evidence tables for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.apph.s3"><h4>Economic evidence tables for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.apph.s4"><h4>Economic evidence tables for question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Economic evidence profiles</h3><div id="ch3.appi.s1"><h4>Economic evidence profiles for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.appi.s2"><h4>Economic evidence profiles for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.appi.s3"><h4>Economic evidence profiles for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.appi.s4"><h4>Economic evidence profiles for question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Economic analysis</h3><div id="ch3.appj.s1"><h4>Economic analysis for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic analysis was undertaken for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.appj.s2"><h4>Economic analysis for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic analysis was undertaken for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.appj.s3"><h4>Economic analysis for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic analysis was undertaken for this review.</p></div><div id="ch3.appj.s4"><h4>Economic analysis for question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic analysis was undertaken for this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch3.appk.s1"><h4>Excluded studies for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appk.s1.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appktab1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appktab1" rid-ob="figobch3appktab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appk.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appktab1">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appk.s1.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>All economic studies were excluded at the initial title and abstract screening stage.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.appk.s2"><h4>Excluded studies for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appk.s2.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><p>Systematic reviews and RCTs:
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<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appktab2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appktab2" rid-ob="figobch3appktab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appk.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appktab2">Table</a></h4></div></div>
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</p><p>Observational studies:
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<div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appktab3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appktab3" rid-ob="figobch3appktab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appk.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appktab3">Table</a></h4></div></div>
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</p></div><div id="ch3.appk.s2.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>All economic studies were excluded at the initial title and abstract screening stage.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.appk.s3"><h4>Excluded studies for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appk.s3.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appktab4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appktab4" rid-ob="figobch3appktab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appk.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appktab4">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development </p></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appk.s3.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>All economic studies were excluded at the initial title and abstract screening stage.</p></div></div><div id="ch3.appk.s4"><h4>Excluded studies for question 3.8 What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch3.appk.s4.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><div id="ch3.appk.s4.1.1"><h5>Systematic reviews and RCTs</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appktab5"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appktab5" rid-ob="figobch3appktab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appk.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appktab5">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development </p></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appk.s4.1.2"><h5>Observational studies</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch3appktab6"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch3appktab6" rid-ob="figobch3appktab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch3.appk.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appktab6">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appk.s4.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>All economic studies were excluded at the initial title and abstract screening stage.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch3.appl"><h3>Appendix L. Research recommendations</h3><div id="ch3.appl.s1"><h4>Research recommendations for question 3.4 What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>
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<b>What is the comparative efficacy of hydrocortisone compared with dexamethasone for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Why this is important</b>
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</p><p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) can cause significant morbidity and mortality in preterm babies. Lung inflammation is an important risk factor for development of BPD, and treatment with corticosteroids with their strong anti-inflammatory properties can decrease or ameliorate BPD. However, use of corticosteroids in treatment or prevention of BPD is controversial, and although there is some evidence to support the use of dexamethasone in the prevention of BPD there is little evidence for hydrocortisone and so it is difficult to recommend the most effective steroid agent. Corticosteroids can also have significant short and long term adverse effects including an impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes, and these risks may differ between different drugs, and might outweigh the beneficial effects of corticosteroids.</p><p id="ch3.appl.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appltab1" class="figpopup">Table 28. Research recommendation rationale</a></p><p id="ch3.appl.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appltab2" class="figpopup">Table 29. Research recommendation modified PICO table</a></p><p>
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<b>Is nebulised budesonide effective versus placebo in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Why this is important</b>
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</p><p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) can cause significant morbidity and mortality in preterm babies. Lung inflammation is an important risk factor for development of BPD, and treatment with corticosteroids with their strong anti-inflammatory properties can decrease or ameliorate BPD. However, use of corticosteroids in treatment or prevention of BPD is controversial, and although there is some evidence to support the use of dexamethasone in the prevention of BPD there is little evidence for nebulised budesonide and so it is difficult to recommend the most effective steroid agent. Corticosteroids can also have significant short and long term adverse effects including an impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes, and these risks may differ between different drugs, and might outweigh the beneficial effects of corticosteroids.</p><p id="ch3.appl.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appltab3" class="figpopup">Table 30. Research recommendation rationale</a></p><p id="ch3.appl.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appltab4" class="figpopup">Table 31. Research recommendation modified PICO table</a></p></div><div id="ch3.appl.s2"><h4>Research recommendations for question 3.5 What is the safety and effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies on respiratory support?</h4><p>
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<b>What is the effectiveness of diuretics compared with placebo in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm babies on respiratory support?</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Why this is important</b>
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</p><p>BPD can cause significant morbidity and mortality in preterm babies. Diuretics have been used to prevent lung oedema and hence ameliorate BPD. However there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of diuretic treatment on both short and long term outcomes in preterm babies. Currently there is no evidence to support the use of diuretics to prevent BPD, nor information on the choice of diuretic, dose, timing, frequency and duration of treatment. Diuretics can also have significant short term and long term adverse effects and these risks might outweigh the beneficial effects of diuretics. Further research is therefore required to determine the place of diuretics in the prevention of BPD.</p><p id="ch3.appl.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appltab5" class="figpopup">Table 32. Research recommendation rationale</a></p><p id="ch3.appl.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appltab6" class="figpopup">Table 33. Research recommendation modified PICO table</a></p><p>
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<b>What is the effectiveness of diuretics compared with placebo in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm babies on respiratory support?</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Why this is important</b>
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</p><p>BPD can cause significant morbidity and mortality in preterm babies. Diuretics have been used to decrease lung oedema and treat BPD. However there is limited knowledge on their impact on both short and long term outcomes in preterm babies and currently there is no evidence to support the use of diuretics in the treatment of BPD, nor information on the choice of diuretic, dose, timing, frequency and duration of treatment. Diuretics can also have significant short term and long term adverse effects and these risks might outweigh the beneficial effects of diuretics. Further research is therefore required to determine the place of diuretics in the treatment of BPD.</p><p id="ch3.appl.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appltab7" class="figpopup">Table 34. Research recommendation rationale</a></p><p id="ch3.appl.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appltab8" class="figpopup">Table 35. Research recommendation modified PICO table</a></p></div><div id="ch3.appl.s3"><h4>Research recommendations for question 3.6 What is the effectiveness of caffeine and safety of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>
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<b>What is the optimal maintenance dose of caffeine citrate in order to optimise neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm babies?</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Why this is important</b>
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</p><p>Caffeine citrate is used in the management of apnoeas of prematurity and to reduce extubation failure rates. A maintenance dose up to 10mg/kg/day has been shown to reduce the incidence of BPD, cerebral palsy and severe cognitive impairment. There is evidence that higher maintenance doses of 20–30mg/kg/day (following high loading doses) are associated with reduced apnoeas, extubation failure and BPD when compared with maintenance doses of 3–5 mg/kg/day. However long term neurodevelopmental outcomes with higher maintenance dosing have not been assessed, and the higher dose may be associated with increased side effects, and require blood monitoring.</p><p id="ch3.appl.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appltab9" class="figpopup">Table 36. Research recommendation rationale</a></p><p id="ch3.appl.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch3appltab10" class="figpopup">Table 37. Research recommendation modified PICO table</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews</p><p>These evidence reviews were developed by the National Guideline Alliance, hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK577839</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35157412" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">35157412</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3tab1"><div id="ch3.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Preterm babies requiring respiratory support:</p>
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<p><b>Exclusions:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l2"><li id="ch3.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities except patent ductus arteriosus</div></li><li id="ch3.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, neurological disorders</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corticosteroids:
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<ul id="ch3.l3"><li id="ch3.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>Intravenous dexamethasone</div></li><li id="ch3.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>Intravenous hydrocortisone</div></li><li id="ch3.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Nebulised budesonide</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch3.l4"><li id="ch3.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>Corticosteroids versus placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Corticosteroid A versus corticosteroid B</div></li><li id="ch3.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>Lower dose corticosteroid A versus higher dose corticosteroid A</div></li><li id="ch3.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>Earlier administration of corticosteroid A versus later administration of corticosteroid A</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l5"><li id="ch3.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 36 weeks gestation or 28 days of age)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months:
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<ul id="ch3.l6" class="circle"><li id="ch3.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cerebral palsy (CP) (reported as presence or absence of condition, <b>not</b> severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, <b>not</b> continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)
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<dl id="ch3.l7" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt19"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe (score of >2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, <b>or</b> on Bayleys assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt20"><p class="no_top_margin">Moderate (score of 1–2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, <b>or</b> on Bayleys assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70–84)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li><li id="ch3.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition, <b>not</b> severity of condition)
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<dl id="ch3.l8" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt22"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe hearing impairment (for example, deaf)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt23"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe visual impairment (for example, blind)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
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<b>Important outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l9"><li id="ch3.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days on invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CP: cerebral palsy; MDI: mental development index; PDI: psychomotor developmental index; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SD: standard deviation</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3tab2"><div id="ch3.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study and setting</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention/comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cochrane Systematic Reviews</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref10" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref10">Doyle 2014a</a>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>n=1424</p>
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<p>Preterm infants with evolving or established CLD, defined as oxygen-dependent, ventilator-dependent, or both, with or without radiographic changes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Late (>7 days) postnatal systemic corticosteroids versus control</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up time: Primarily 28 days to 36 weeks PMA, but up to 2 years for long-term outcomes
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l11"><li id="ch3.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>CLD</div></li><li id="ch3.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>Death or CLD – <i>combined outcome</i></div></li><li id="ch3.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>Long term outcomes (including blindness, deafness, cerebral palsy and major neurosensory disability)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>Failure to extubate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Late rescue with corticosteroids</div></li><li id="ch3.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for home oxygen therapy</div></li><li id="ch3.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications during primary hospitalisation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref11" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref11">Doyle 2014b</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=3750</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants with evolving or established CLD, defined as oxygen-dependent, ventilator-dependent, or both, with or without radiographic changes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Early (<8 days) postnatal systemic corticosteroids versus control</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up time: Primarily 28 days to 36 weeks PMA, but up to 2 years for long-term outcomes
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l12"><li id="ch3.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>CLD</div></li><li id="ch3.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Death or CLD - <i>combined outcome</i></div></li><li id="ch3.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>Long term outcomes (including blindness, deafness, cerebral palsy and major neurosensory disability)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>Failure to extubate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>Late rescue with corticosteroids</div></li><li id="ch3.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for home oxygen therapy</div></li><li id="ch3.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications during primary hospitalisation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref24" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref24">Onland 2017</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>n=232</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants at risk for BPD</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Two or more different regimens of postnatal systemic corticosteroids</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up time: Primarily 36 weeks PMA, but up to 4 years for long-term outcomes
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l13"><li id="ch3.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>Death or BPD – <i>combined outcome</i></div></li><li id="ch3.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD</div></li><li id="ch3.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>Failure to extubate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days of supplemental oxygen</div></li><li id="ch3.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications during primary hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Long term outcomes (including blindness, deafness, cerebral palsy and major neurosensory disability at 1–4 years of age)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RCTs that met the NICE review criteria included in the Cochrane Systematic Reviews</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref10" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref10">Doyle 2014a</a> Cochrane Systematic Review</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref7">Brozanski 1995</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>n=88</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants < 1501g who were ventilator-dependent at 7 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Dexamethasone (0.25mg/kg/day 12-hourly for 2 days, repeated every 10 days until 36 weeks’ PMA or no longer needs ventilator support or supplemental oxygen) versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> Dependent on gestational age</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration</b>: 7 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l14"><li id="ch3.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref8" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref8">Doyle 2006</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>n=70</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants < 28 weeks’ gestation or < 1000g birth weight, ventilator-dependent after 7 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10 day tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 0.89mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 7 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l15"><li id="ch3.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older*</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref9">Doyle 2007</a>*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref12" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref12">Durand 1995</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=43</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm babies, 7 to 14 days old with birth weight 501g to 1500g, gestational age 24 to 32 weeks, needing invasive ventilation with < 30% oxygen</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 2.35mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 7–14 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l16"><li id="ch3.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt67" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref17" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref17">Kari 1993</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Finland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=41</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants 10 days old, weighing < 1500g and with gestational age > 23 weeks, and ventilator-dependent.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Dexamethasone course versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 3.5mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 10 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l17"><li id="ch3.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt72" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref18" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref18">Kothadia 1999</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=118</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants, < 1501g age 15 to 25 days, ventilator-dependent over 30% oxygen</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 6.7mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 15–25 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l18"><li id="ch3.lt73" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt74" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt75" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt76" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt77" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older*</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref25" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref25">O’Shea 2007</a>*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref19" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref19">Kovacs 1998</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=60</p>
|
|
<p>Ventilator-dependent preterm infants of < 30 weeks’ gestation and < 1501g birth weight</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Dexamethasone course for 3 days followed by nebulised budesonide course for 18 days versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 1.5mg/kg dexamethasone + 1.8mg of budesonide</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 7 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l19"><li id="ch3.lt78" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt79" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt80" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt81" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref27" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref27">Parikh 2013</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=64</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants with birth weight < 1001g, ventilator-dependent between 10 to 21 days of age with a respiratory index ≥ 2 with estimated 75% risk of developing CLD</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Hydrocortisone course versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose</b>: 17mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 10–21 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l20"><li id="ch3.lt82" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt83" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt84" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt85" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt86" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref33" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref33">Romagnoli 1998</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=30</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants, oxygen- and ventilator-dependent on 10th day and at high risk of CLD by authors’ own scoring system (90% risk)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 4.75mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 10 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l21"><li id="ch3.lt87" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt88" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt89" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt90" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older*</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref35" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref35">Romagnoli 2002</a>*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref44" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref44">Walther 2003</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=36</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants of gestation 24 to 32 weeks and birth weight > 599g with respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive ventilation with > 29% oxygen or respiratory index (MAP × inspired oxygen) > 1.9 and ventilator rate > 16/min on day 7 to 14 after birth</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 1.9mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 7–14 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l22"><li id="ch3.lt91" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt92" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt93" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_5_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref1">Anttila 2005</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>European</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=109</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants with birthweight 500g to 999g, gestation <32 weeks, need for invasive ventilation and supplemental oxygen by 4 hours of age.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Dexamethasone course versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 1mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> Before 6 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l23"><li id="ch3.lt94" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt95" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt96" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref6" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref6">Bosante 2007</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=50</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants either <1000g birth weight or <28 weeks gestation, ventilator dependent after 7 days of age and considered to be a candidate for corticosteroids</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of hydrocortisone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 10.5mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> Before 48 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l24"><li id="ch3.lt97" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt98" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt99" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt100" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt101" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref14" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref14">Garland 1999</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=241</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants weighing between 500g and 1500g, received surfactant, at significant risk for CLD or death using a model to predict at 24 hours</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 1.35mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 24 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l25"><li id="ch3.lt102" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt103" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt104" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt105" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt106" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt107" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt108" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref20" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref20">Lauterbach 2006</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Poland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=150</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants weighing < 1500g who needed oxygen on fourth day of life, regardless of the need for assisted ventilation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Dexamethasone course versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose</b>: 1.5mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 4th day of life</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l26"><li id="ch3.lt109" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref29" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref29">Peltoniemi 2005</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Finland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=51</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants with a birth weight 501g to 1250g, gestation 23 to 29 weeks, needing invasive ventilation before age of 24 hours</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of hydrocortisone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 11.5mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> Before 36 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l27"><li id="ch3.lt110" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt111" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt112" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt113" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older* (up to 2 years for long-term outcomes)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref30" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref30">Peltoniemi 2009</a>*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref32" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref32">Rastogi 1996</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=70</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants <12 hours old, weighing 700g to 1500g with RDS, confirmed clinically and radiologically, infants needed invasive ventilation >30% O<sub>2</sub> and/or MAP 7cm H<sub>2</sub>O a/A <0.25 after surfactant treatment</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 3.03mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> <12 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l28"><li id="ch3.lt114" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt115" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt116" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt117" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt118" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref34" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref34">Romagnoli 1999</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=50</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants <1251g or <33 weeks, oxygen-dependent at 72 hours and at high risk of CLD according to a scoring system predicting 90% risk of CLD</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 2.375mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 72 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l29"><li id="ch3.lt119" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt120" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt121" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt122" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt123" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt124" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref36" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref36">Shinwell 1996</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Israel</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=248</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants with birth weight 500g to 2000g, 1–3 days old, requiring invasive ventilation with more than 40% oxygen</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Dexamethasone course versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 3mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> <12 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l30"><li id="ch3.lt125" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt126" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt127" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt128" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt129" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt130" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older*</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref37" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref37">Shinwell 2000</a>*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref38" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref38">Soll 1999</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=542</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants weighing 501g to 100g who required assisted ventilation <12 hours, had received surfactant by 12 hours, were physiologically stable and had no life-threatening congenital abnormalities</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 2.7mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 12 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l31"><li id="ch3.lt131" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt132" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt133" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt134" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt135" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt136" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref43" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref43">Vermont Oxford Network Steroid Group 2001</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref39" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref39">Stark 2001</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=220</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants with birth weight 501g to 1000g, invasively ventilated <12 hours. Infants >750g also needed to receive surfactant and have FiO<sub>2</sub> >0.29</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 0.89/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> <24 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l32"><li id="ch3.lt137" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt138" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt139" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt140" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt141" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt142" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older*</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref40" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref40">Stark 2014</a>*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref41" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref41">Subhedar 1997</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=42</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants, entry at 96 hours if gestation <32 weeks, invasive ventilation from birth, surfactant treatment and high risk of developing CLD by a score.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose</b>: 4.5mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 96 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l33"><li id="ch3.lt143" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt144" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt145" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt146" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt147" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt148" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref42" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref42">Tapia 1998</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Chile</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=113</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants with birth weight between 700g and 1600g, clinical and radiological diagnosis of RDS, needing invasive ventilation at <36 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of dexamethasone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 2.79mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 36 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l34"><li id="ch3.lt149" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt150" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt151" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt152" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref46" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref46">Watterberg 1999</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=40</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants weighing between 500g and 999g who needed invasive ventilation <48 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of hydrocortisone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 10.5mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> <48 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l35"><li id="ch3.lt153" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt154" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt155" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt156" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt157" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref45" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref45">Watterberg 2004</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=360</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants 500g to 999g birth weight, needing invasive ventilation and aged 12 to 48 hours</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of hydrocortisone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 13.5mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 12–48 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l36"><li id="ch3.lt158" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt159" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt160" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days of invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt161" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt162" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older*</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref47" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref47">Watterberg 2007</a>*</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref24" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref24">Onland 2017</a> Cochrane Systematic Review</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref5" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref5">Bloomfield 1998</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>New Zealand</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=40</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants with a birth weight ≤ 1250g, and ventilated at ≥ 15 cycles/min at 7 days of age.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pulse course of dexamethasone versus long course of dexamethasone</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> Pulse (5.3 mg/kg) versus Long (7.1mg/kg)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> Pulse (7 days of age) versus long (14 days of age)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l37"><li id="ch3.lt163" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt164" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt165" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt166" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt167" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref2">Armstrong 2002</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref13">Durand 2002</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=47</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants were included when having a birth weight between 501 and 1500g, a gestational age between 24 weeks and 32 weeks, postnatal age between 7 and 14 days and at entry on ventilation support</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Moderate dose dexamethasone versus low dose dexamethasone</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> moderate dose (2.35mg/kg) versus low dose (1 mg/kg)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 7–14 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l38"><li id="ch3.lt168" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt169" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt170" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt171" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt172" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref15">Halliday 2001</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Multinational</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=285</p>
|
|
<p>Intubated infants < 30 weeks’ gestational age, a postnatal age < 72 hours and with an inspired oxygen concentration > 30%. Infants with a gestational age between 30 and 31 weeks could be included if needing inspired oxygen > 50%</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Early course of dexamethasone versus moderately early course of dexamethasone</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 2.7mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> Early (< 72 hours of age) versus moderate early (> 15 days of age)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l39"><li id="ch3.lt173" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt174" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt175" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt176" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt177" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt178" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older* (up to 7 years of age for long-term outcomes)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref48" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref48">Wilson 2006</a>*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref21" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref21">McEvoy 2004</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=62</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants were included when between 7 and 21 days of postnatal age, with a birth weight of > 501g and < 1500g, a gestational age of > 24 weeks and < 32 weeks. The infants were dependent on ventilation support with 15 cycles per minute or more and oxygen levels of 30% or more at entry</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Moderate dose course of dexamethasone versus low dose course of dexamethasone</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> moderate dose (2.35mg/kg) versus low dose (1mg/kg)</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 7–21 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l40"><li id="ch3.lt179" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt180" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt181" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days on invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt182" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt183" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref22" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref22">Odd 2004</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>New Zealand</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=33</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants ≤ 1250g, ventilated between postnatal age of 7 days and 28 days for which dexamethasone was indicated</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Individual tailored course of dexamethasone versus continuous course of dexamethasone</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose</b>: individual course (median 3.8mg/kg [2–5.7]) versus continuous course (median 6.5mg/kg [3.8–7.3])</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> 7 days of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l41"><li id="ch3.lt184" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt185" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt186" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt187" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt188" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li><li id="ch3.lt189" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days on invasive ventilation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref26" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref26">Papile 1998</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=371</p>
|
|
<p>Ventilator-dependent preterm infants with birth weight 501 to 1500g, at a postnatal age between 13 and 15 days, with a respiratory index of ≥ 2.4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Moderately early course of dexamethasone versus late course of dexamethasone</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 4mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> moderately early (14 days of age) versus late (28 days of age)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l42"><li id="ch3.lt190" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt191" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt192" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt193" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypertension</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RCTs and follow-up publications not included in identified systematic reviews</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref3">Baud 2016</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>France</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=523</p>
|
|
<p>Inborn (born in a maternity ward that is at the same site as the NICU) and delivered between 24+0 and 27+6 weeks gestation (randomised within 24 hrs of birth)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Tapering course of hydrocortisone versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p><b>Total cumulative dose:</b> 8.5mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p><b>Timing of administration:</b> Within first 24 hours of age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l43"><li id="ch3.lt194" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt195" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt196" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastro-intestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt197" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older*</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publications from the same RCT with relevant outcomes for this review: <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref4">Baud 2017</a>*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref16" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref16">Jonsson 2000</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Sweden</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=30</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm infants on invasive ventilation on day 6 of life, or if extubated, nCPAP with Fi0<sub>2</sub> >0.3</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Budesonide (Pulmicort) 500mcg twice daily for 14 days via jet nebulisation versus placebo</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l44"><li id="ch3.lt198" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt199" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt200" class="half_rhythm"><div>Total days on invasive ventilation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref28" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref28">Parikh 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref27" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref27">Parikh 2013</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref27" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref27">Parikh 2013</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l45"><li id="ch3.lt201" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older*</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publication to <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref27" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref27">Parikh 2013</a>*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref31" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref31">Peltoniemi 2016</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Finland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref29" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref29">Peltoniemi 2005</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref29" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref29">Peltoniemi 2005</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l46"><li id="ch3.lt202" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age or older*</div></li><li id="ch3.lt203" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data up to 5–7 years of age</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab2_1_1_38_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-up publication to <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.1.ref29" rid="ch3.s1.1.ref29">Peltoniemi 2005</a>*</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CLD: chronic lung disease; FiO<sub>2</sub>: fraction of inspired oxygen; H<sub>2</sub>O: water; MAP: mean arterial pressure; nCPAP: nasal continuous positive airway pressure; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; O<sub>2</sub>: oxygen; PMA: post-menstrual age; RDS: respiratory distress syndrome; RCT: randomised controlled trial</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3tab3"><div id="ch3.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Preterm babies requiring respiratory support:</p>
|
|
<p><b>Exclusions:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l158"><li id="ch3.lt327" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities except patent ductus arteriosus</div></li><li id="ch3.lt328" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, neurological disorders</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Loop diuretics:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l159"><li id="ch3.lt329" class="half_rhythm"><div>Furosemide intravenous or oral</div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Aldosterone antagonists:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l160"><li id="ch3.lt330" class="half_rhythm"><div>Spironolactone (oral)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt331" class="half_rhythm"><div>Potassium canrenoate (intravenous)</div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Thiazide diuretics:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l161"><li id="ch3.lt332" class="half_rhythm"><div>Chlorothiazide (oral)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l162"><li id="ch3.lt333" class="half_rhythm"><div>Diuretic versus placebo/no intervention</div></li><li id="ch3.lt334" class="half_rhythm"><div>Diuretic A versus diuretic B</div></li><li id="ch3.lt335" class="half_rhythm"><div>Combination diuretic versus single diuretic</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l163"><li id="ch3.lt336" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt337" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of age)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt338" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at >18 months:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l164" class="circle"><li id="ch3.lt339" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cerebral palsy (reported as presence or absence of condition, <b>not</b> severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt340" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, <b>not</b> continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)
|
|
<dl id="ch3.l165" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt341"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe (score of >2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, <b>or</b> on Bayleys assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt342"><p class="no_top_margin">Moderate (score of 1–2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, <b>or</b> on Bayleys assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70–84)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li><li id="ch3.lt343" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition, <b>not</b> severity of condition)
|
|
<dl id="ch3.l166" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt344"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe hearing impairment (for example, deaf)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt345"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe visual impairment (for example, blind)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Important outcomes:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l167"><li id="ch3.lt346" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days on invasive ventilation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt347" class="half_rhythm"><div>Nephrocalcinosis</div></li><li id="ch3.lt348" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ototoxicity</div></li><li id="ch3.lt349" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hyponatraemia</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CP: cerebral palsy; MDI: mental development index; PDI: psychomotor developmental index; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SD: standard deviation</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3tab4"><div id="ch3.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study and setting</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention/comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RCTs</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.2.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.2.ref1">Hoffman 2000</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 33</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm babies with CLD (defined as oxygen dependency beyond 28 days of life coexisting with characteristic radiographic abnormalities) and establishment of enteral feeding</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chlorothiazide (20mg/kg) + spironolactone (1.5mg/kg) orally twice daily vs chlorothiazide (20mg/kg) orally twice daily for 2-weeks</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l168"><li id="ch3.lt350" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hyponatraemia (defined as sodium supplementation required)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.2.ref2" rid="ch3.s1.2.ref2">Kao 1994</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 43</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm babies with typical radiographic appearance of Northway stage III or IV BPD, had received invasive ventilatory support for more than 1 month, were stable after extubation for more than 1 week, weighed more than 1.5kg</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chlorothiazide (40mg/kg) + spironolactone (4mg/kg) per day orally versus placebo continued until babies no longer required supplemental oxygen</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l169"><li id="ch3.lt351" class="half_rhythm"><div>Nephrocalcinosis (1 year PMA)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt352" class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of oxygen supplementation days</div></li><li id="ch3.lt353" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hearing loss (1 year PMA)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt354" class="half_rhythm"><div>Supplemental electrolytes (defined as sodium or potassium)</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Open label furosemide used in both study arms at discretion of attending physician</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_4_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cohort studies</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.2.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.2.ref3">Laughon 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective multi-centre cohort study</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 107,432</p>
|
|
<p><32 weeks GA and <1500g birthweight.</p>
|
|
<p>Diuretics being used to prevent or treat BPD.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exposed to at least 1 diuretic of interest: acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, chlorothiazide, diazoxide, ethracrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, mannitol, metolazone, spironolactone</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l170"><li id="ch3.lt355" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hyponatraemia</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab4_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CLD: chronic lung disease; GA: gestational age; PMA: post-menstrual age; RCT: randomised controlled trial</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3tab5"><div id="ch3.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Preterm babies requiring respiratory support.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Exclusions:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l193"><li id="ch3.lt379" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities except patent ductus arteriosus</div></li><li id="ch3.lt380" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, neurological disorders</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caffeine (citrate or base) – oral or intravenous</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Control:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l194"><li id="ch3.lt381" class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt382" class="half_rhythm"><div>No intervention</div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Comparisons:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l195"><li id="ch3.lt383" class="half_rhythm"><div>Caffeine versus control</div></li><li id="ch3.lt384" class="half_rhythm"><div>Lower dose caffeine versus higher dose caffeine</div></li><li id="ch3.lt385" class="half_rhythm"><div>Earlier administration of caffeine versus later administration of caffeine</div></li><li id="ch3.lt386" class="half_rhythm"><div>Shorter duration versus longer duration</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab5_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab5_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l196"><li id="ch3.lt387" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt388" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt389" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l197" class="circle"><li id="ch3.lt390" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cerebral palsy (reported as presence or absence of condition, <b>not</b> severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt391" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, <b>not</b> continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)
|
|
<dl id="ch3.l198" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt392"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe (score of >2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, <b>or</b> on Bayley’s assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt393"><p class="no_top_margin">Moderate (score of 1–2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, <b>or</b> on Bayley’s assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70–84)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li><li id="ch3.lt394" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition, <b>not</b> severity of condition)
|
|
<dl id="ch3.l199" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt395"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe hearing impairment (for example, deaf)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt396"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe visual impairment (for example, blind)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Important outcomes:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l200"><li id="ch3.lt397" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continuing apnoea</div></li><li id="ch3.lt398" class="half_rhythm"><div>Extubation failure</div></li><li id="ch3.lt399" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tachycardia</div></li><li id="ch3.lt400" class="half_rhythm"><div>Necrotising enterocolitis</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CP: cerebral palsy; MDI: mental development index; PDI: psychomotor developmental index; PMA: postmenstrual age; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SD: standard deviation</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3tab6"><div id="ch3.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study and setting</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention/comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">RCTs</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref1">Amaro 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n= 83</p>
|
|
<p>Babies born at 23–30 weeks gestation and required invasive ventilation in the first 5 post-natal days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Caffeine versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p>Intervention: Loading dose of caffeine citrate 20 mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg/day</p>
|
|
<p>Control: blinded loading dose of placebo before extubation.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l201"><li id="ch3.lt401" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt402" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA or 28 DOL</div></li><li id="ch3.lt403" class="half_rhythm"><div>Extubation failure</div></li><li id="ch3.lt404" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref4">CAP trial 2006</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Australia and Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n= 2006</p>
|
|
<p>Babies with a birth weight of 500–1250g and were considered to be candidates for methylxanthine therapy during the first 10 days of life</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Caffeine versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p>Intervention: Intravenous loading dose of 20mg/kg caffeine citrate, daily maintenance dose of 5mg/kg. If apnoeas persisted, the daily maintenance dose could be increased to a maximum doe of 10mg/kg.</p>
|
|
<p>Control: Intravenous loading dose of 20mg/kg of normal saline, daily maintenance dose of 5mg/kg.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l202"><li id="ch3.lt405" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt406" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt407" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.5% of participants received ≥ 1 dose of open-label methylxanthines</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref9">Gray 2011</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n= 246</p>
|
|
<p>Required methylxanthines for treatment of apnoea of prematurity or as part of per-extubation management</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Lower dose caffeine versus higher dose caffeine</p>
|
|
<p>Low dose: 20mg/kg loading dose of caffeine citrate followed at 24 hour intervals of a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p>High dose: 80mg/kg loading dose of caffeine citrate followed at 24 hour intervals of a maintenance dose of 20 mg/kg</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l203"><li id="ch3.lt408" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt409" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt410" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continued apnoea</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref13">McPherson 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n= 74</p>
|
|
<p>Babies born at ≤ 30 weeks gestation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Standard dose caffeine versus higher dose caffeine</p>
|
|
<p>Standard dose: Administered intravenously as 20 mg/kg of caffeine citrate followed by 10 mg/kg 24 hours after the initial dose (30 mg/kg total over 36 hours)</p>
|
|
<p>Higher dose: Administered intravenously as an initial loading dose of 40 mg/kg of caffeine citrate followed by 20 mg/kg 12 hours later, then 10 mg/kg at 24 and 36 hours after the initial dose (80 mg/kg total over 36 hours)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l204"><li id="ch3.lt411" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt412" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt413" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref18" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref18">Steer 2003</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=127</p>
|
|
<p>Babies born at a gestational age of < 31 weeks and who had received or were expected to receive at least 48 hours of invasive ventilation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Lower dose caffeine versus higher dose caffeine</p>
|
|
<p>Loading dose of 2mL/kg caffeine citrate, with either 6, 30, or 60 mg/kg caffeine according to treatment group over a 15-minute period.</p>
|
|
<p>Maintenance dose of 1mL/kg given at 24 hour intervals for the following 6 days, starting 24 hours after the loading dose.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l205"><li id="ch3.lt414" class="half_rhythm"><div>Extubation failure</div></li><li id="ch3.lt415" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tachycardia</div></li><li id="ch3.lt416" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref19" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref19">Steer 2004</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=234</p>
|
|
<p>Babies born at a gestational age of < 30 weeks and who had received or were expected to receive at least 48 hours of invasive ventilation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Lower dose caffeine versus higher dose caffeine</p>
|
|
<p>Low dose: 20mg/kg loading dose of caffeine citrate followed at 24 hour intervals of a maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg</p>
|
|
<p>High dose: 80mg/kg loading dose of caffeine citrate followed at 24 hour intervals of a maintenance dose of 20 mg/kg</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l206"><li id="ch3.lt417" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt418" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt419" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continued apnoea</div></li><li id="ch3.lt420" class="half_rhythm"><div>Extubation failure</div></li><li id="ch3.lt421" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tachycardia</div></li><li id="ch3.lt422" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Follow up studies of CAP trial</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref5" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref5">Davis 2010</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref4">CAP trial 2006</a> for study details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18–21 months follow up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l207"><li id="ch3.lt423" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref7" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref7">Doyle 2014</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref4">CAP trial 2006</a> for study details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 year follow up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l208"><li id="ch3.lt424" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref14" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref14">Murner-Lavanchy 2018</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref4">CAP trial 2006</a> for study details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 year follow up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l209"><li id="ch3.lt425" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref15">Schmidt 2007</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref4">CAP trial 2006</a> for study details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18–21 months follow up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l210"><li id="ch3.lt426" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref16" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref16">Schmidt 2012</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref4">CAP trial 2006</a> for study details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 year follow up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l211"><li id="ch3.lt427" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref17" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref17">Schmidt 2017</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref4">CAP trial 2006</a> for study details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 year follow up</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l212"><li id="ch3.lt428" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Retrospective cohort studies</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref3" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref3">Borszewska-Kornacka 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Poland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=286</p>
|
|
<p>Babies with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks gestation, had a diagnosis of RDS regardless of the severity of radiological findings on the chest X-ray and needed surfactant treatment</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Earlier administration (< 2 days) caffeine versus later administration (≥ 2 days) caffeine</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l213"><li id="ch3.lt429" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt430" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref6" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref6">Dobson 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n= 28,706</p>
|
|
<p>Very-low birth weight babies (< 1500g), received caffeine during hospital course and were admitted to hospital within 1 day of birth</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Earlier administration (< 3 days) caffeine versus later administration (≥ 3 days) caffeine</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l214"><li id="ch3.lt431" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt432" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA or at 28 DOL</div></li><li id="ch3.lt433" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref10" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref10">Lodha 2015</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n= 5101</p>
|
|
<p>Babies born at < 31 weeks gestation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Earlier administration (< 3 days) caffeine versus later administration (≥ 3 days) caffeine</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l215"><li id="ch3.lt434" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt435" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA or at 28 DOL</div></li><li id="ch3.lt436" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref11" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref11">Lodha 2018</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n= 448</p>
|
|
<p>Premature babies born before 30 weeks gestation, birth weight < 1250g, receiving CPAP, before extubation from the ventilator and for AOP</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Early cessation of caffeine ≤ 14 days (ECC), intermediate cessation of caffeine 15–30 days (ICC) and late cessation of caffeine > 30 days (LCC)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l216"><li id="ch3.lt437" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt438" class="half_rhythm"><div>CP</div></li><li id="ch3.lt439" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li><li id="ch3.lt440" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.3.ref20" rid="ch3.s1.3.ref20">Taha 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n= 2951</p>
|
|
<p>Babies admitted to the NICU, were ≤ 1250g, were treated with caffeine within the first 10 days of life</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Earlier administration (< 3 days) caffeine versus later administration (≥ 3 days) caffeine</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l217"><li id="ch3.lt441" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt442" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt443" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AOP: apnoea of prematurity; BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CP: cerebral palsy; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; DOL: days of life; g: grams; GA: gestational age; n: number; NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; PMA: post-menstrual age; RDS: respiratory distress syndrome</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3tab7"><div id="ch3.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Preterm babies diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus by an echocardiogram and who require respiratory support.</p>
|
|
<p><b>Exclusions:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l313"><li id="ch3.lt540" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities except patent ductus arteriosus</div></li><li id="ch3.lt541" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, neurological disorders</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pharmacological</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l314"><li id="ch3.lt542" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ibuprofen – oral or intravenous</div></li><li id="ch3.lt543" class="half_rhythm"><div>Paracetamol – oral or intravenous</div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Fluid restriction</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l315"><li id="ch3.lt544" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction only – oral or intravenous</div></li><li id="ch3.lt545" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction with diuretics:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l316" class="circle"><li id="ch3.lt546" class="half_rhythm"><div>Furosemide – oral or intravenous</div></li><li id="ch3.lt547" class="half_rhythm"><div>Combined oral spironolactone and oral chlorothiazide</div></li><li id="ch3.lt548" class="half_rhythm"><div>Combined intravenous furosemide and intravenous potassium canrenoate</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Surgical</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l317"><li id="ch3.lt549" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical ligation</div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Control</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l318"><li id="ch3.lt550" class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt551" class="half_rhythm"><div>No intervention</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l319"><li id="ch3.lt552" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacological versus placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt553" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery versus no surgery</div></li><li id="ch3.lt554" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction versus placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt555" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacological versus surgery</div></li><li id="ch3.lt556" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacological versus fluid restriction</div></li><li id="ch3.lt557" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery versus fluid restriction</div></li></ul>
|
|
If pharmacological is better than surgery and fluid restriction:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l320"><li id="ch3.lt558" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ibuprofen versus paracetamol</div></li></ul>
|
|
If fluid restriction is better than surgery and pharmacological:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l321"><li id="ch3.lt559" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction only versus fluid restriction with diuretics</div></li></ul>
|
|
If fluid restriction with diuretics is better than fluid restriction only:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l322"><li id="ch3.lt560" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction with combination diuretics versus fluid restriction with single diuretics</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch3.tab7_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</th><td headers="hd_b_ch3.tab7_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l323"><li id="ch3.lt561" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt562" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchpulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 36 weeks postmenstrual age or 28 days of age)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt563" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l324" class="circle"><li id="ch3.lt564" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cerebral palsy (CP) (reported as presence or absence of condition, <b>not</b> severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt565" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, not continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)
|
|
<dl id="ch3.l325" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt566"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe (score of >2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, <b>or</b> on Bayleys assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt567"><p class="no_top_margin">Moderate (score of 1–2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, <b>or</b> on Bayleys assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70–84)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li><li id="ch3.lt568" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition, <b>not</b> severity of condition)
|
|
<dl id="ch3.l326" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt569"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe hearing impairment (for example, deaf)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch3.lt570"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe visual impairment (for example, blind)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Important outcomes:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l327"><li id="ch3.lt571" class="half_rhythm"><div>Failure of patent ductus arteriosus closure</div></li><li id="ch3.lt572" class="half_rhythm"><div>Renal impairment</div></li><li id="ch3.lt573" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastrointestinal complications:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l328" class="circle"><li id="ch3.lt574" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastrointestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt575" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastrointestinal haemorrhage</div></li><li id="ch3.lt576" class="half_rhythm"><div>Necrotising enterocolitis</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CP: cerebral palsy; MDI: mental development index; PDI: psychomotor developmental index; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SD: standard deviation</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3tab8"><div id="ch3.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">RCTs included in the review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study details</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Participants</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Interventions</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes and results</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref1" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref1">Aranda 2009</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
<p>Multi-centre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 136</p>
|
|
<p>All preterm infants born ≤ 30 weeks gestation, who were admitted to the NICU, birth weight 500–1000g, < 72 hours postnatal age, non-symptomatic PDA, evidence of ductal shunting documented by echocardiogram</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: 10mg/mL ibuprofen (L-lysine formulation) given intravenously for 10 minutes using a 10mg/kg loading dose followed by 5mg/kg/d on the second and third study day, using an umbilical venous catheter or peripheral IV site</p>
|
|
<p>Control: normal saline solution given at same intervals as the intervention</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l330"><li id="ch3.lt580" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt581" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt582" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rescued who were ligated- on or before day 14</div></li><li id="ch3.lt583" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref2" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref2">Bagnoli 2013</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
<p>Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel design trial</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=134</p>
|
|
<p>Babies with a gestational age ≤ 32 weeks, birth weight ≤ 1500g, PDA with evidence of ductal shunting documented by echocardiography, postnatal age > 72h</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: Ibuprofen was given intravenously for 10 min using 10mg/kg loading doses, followed by 5 mg/kg/d on the second and third study days, using an umbilical venous catheter or peripheral IV site</p>
|
|
<p>Control: The treatment course for the control group was not reported</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l331"><li id="ch3.lt584" class="half_rhythm"><div>Creatinine levels</div></li><li id="ch3.lt585" class="half_rhythm"><div>BUN</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref4" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref4">De Carolis 2000</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 46</p>
|
|
<p>Babies with a gestational age less than 31 weeks, admitted to the NICU, PDA determined by echocardiographic evaluation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: Ibuprofen as lysine salt, according to the following therapeutic regime: 10mg/kg infused over 20 min via peripheral vein and commenced within a period of 2 h following birth. A further two treatments of 5mg/kg, using the same modality, were administered by infusion at 24 and 48 h after the first dose.</p>
|
|
<p>Control: No placebo was administered to the control group.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l332"><li id="ch3.lt586" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt587" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of life</div></li><li id="ch3.lt588" class="half_rhythm"><div>Back-up treatment with indomethacin</div></li><li id="ch3.lt589" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical ligation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt590" class="half_rhythm"><div>Urine output</div></li><li id="ch3.lt591" class="half_rhythm"><div>Serum creatinine</div></li><li id="ch3.lt592" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li><li id="ch3.lt593" class="half_rhythm"><div>Renal impairment</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants with significant PDA after receiving ibuprofen or placebo were treated with open-label indomethacin. Failure to respond to medical treatment was followed by surgical ligation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref6" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref6">Gournay 2004</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>France</p>
|
|
<p>Multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled RCT</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 131</p>
|
|
<p>Babies with a gestational age less than 28 weeks, postnatal age < 6 hours</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: 2mL vials containing 5g/L intravenous ibuprofen. Loading dose of 10mg/kg then two maintenance doses of 5mg/kg at 24-h interval</p>
|
|
<p>Control: 2mL vials containing 0.9% saline. Equivalent volumes of saline</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l333"><li id="ch3.lt594" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt595" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt596" class="half_rhythm"><div>At least 1 episode of urinary output < 2mL/kg per h (day 1–3)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt597" class="half_rhythm"><div>At least episode of serum creatinine > 140µmol/L (day 1–3)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt598" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li><li id="ch3.lt599" class="half_rhythm"><div>Isolated intestinal perforation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients received open-label ibuprofen</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref7" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref7">Harkin 2016</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Finland</p>
|
|
<p>Single-centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled RCT</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 48</p>
|
|
<p>Babies admitted to NICU with a very low gestational age</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: intravenous paracetamol 10mg/mL</p>
|
|
<p>Control: 0.45% saline solution</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l334"><li id="ch3.lt600" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt601" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 28 days of life,</div></li><li id="ch3.lt602" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA,</div></li><li id="ch3.lt603" class="half_rhythm"><div>Oliguria (<1mL/kg/h)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt604" class="half_rhythm"><div>Polyuria (>5mL/kg/h)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt605" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC, stage 3</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref8" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref8">Kanmaz 2013</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
<p>Single-centre, double-blind RCT</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 46</p>
|
|
<p>Babies with a gestational age < 28weeks and/or birth weight of <1000g</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: oral ibuprofen 10mg/kg within 12–24h after birth followed by 5mg/kg at 24 and 48 h. Oral ibuprofen was given via an orogastric tube, which was flushed with 1mL of sterile water to ensure delivery of the drug.</p>
|
|
<p>Control: no treatment</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l335"><li id="ch3.lt606" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt607" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt608" class="half_rhythm"><div>Urea</div></li><li id="ch3.lt609" class="half_rhythm"><div>Creatinine</div></li><li id="ch3.lt610" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref12" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref12">Oncel 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Turkey</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 80</p>
|
|
<p>Babies with a gestational age ≤ 30 weeks, birth weight ≤1250g, postnatal age 48–96 hours, 1 of the following echocardiographic criteria: a duct size >1.5mm, a left atrium to aorta ratio > 1/5. end diastolic reversal of blood flow in the aorta, or poor cardia function in addition to clinical signs of PDA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention 1: oral ibuprofen at an initial dose of 10mg/kg followed by 5mg/kg at 24 and 48 hours.</p>
|
|
<p>Intervention 2: oral paracetamol 15mg/kg every 6 hours for 3 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l336"><li id="ch3.lt611" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt612" class="half_rhythm"><div>PDA closure rate (after the first course)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt613" class="half_rhythm"><div>Reopening and closure with 2nd cure</div></li><li id="ch3.lt614" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical ligation rate</div></li><li id="ch3.lt615" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li><li id="ch3.lt616" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastrointestinal bleeding</div></li><li id="ch3.lt617" class="half_rhythm"><div>BUN</div></li><li id="ch3.lt618" class="half_rhythm"><div>Serum creatinine</div></li><li id="ch3.lt619" class="half_rhythm"><div>Urine output</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref13" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref13">Oncel 2017</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>See <a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref12" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref12">Oncel 2014</a> for study details</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N=61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l337"><li id="ch3.lt620" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevel opmental impairment</div></li><li id="ch3.lt621" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate to severe cerebral palsy</div></li><li id="ch3.lt622" class="half_rhythm"><div>Blindness</div></li><li id="ch3.lt623" class="half_rhythm"><div>Deafness</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref14" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref14">Overmeire 2004</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Belgium</p>
|
|
<p>Multi-centre, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 415</p>
|
|
<p>Babies with a gestational age 24–30 weeks, written informed consent signed by parents</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: 3 doses of intravenous ibuprofen lysine as an initial dose of 10mg/kg within the first 6 h of life, followed by two doses of 5mg/kg after 24 h and 48 h</p>
|
|
<p>Control: 3 doses of saline as an initial dose of 1mL/kg, followed by 0·5mL/kg after 24 h and 48 h</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l338"><li id="ch3.lt624" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt625" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt626" class="half_rhythm"><div>PDA closed on day 3</div></li><li id="ch3.lt627" class="half_rhythm"><div>Reopened after closure on day 3</div></li><li id="ch3.lt628" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rescue treatment</div></li><li id="ch3.lt629" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ligated</div></li><li id="ch3.lt630" class="half_rhythm"><div>Urine production</div></li><li id="ch3.lt631" class="half_rhythm"><div>Oliguria</div></li><li id="ch3.lt632" class="half_rhythm"><div>Serum creatinine</div></li><li id="ch3.lt633" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC stage 3</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref15" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref15">Sosenko 2012</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
<p>Single-centre, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomised trial</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 105</p>
|
|
<p>Babies with a birth weight 500–1250g, gestational age 23–32 weeks, >24 hours old but ≤ 14 days old</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: ibuprofen lysine; initial dose of 10mg/kg, 2 doses of 5mg/kg each, every 24 hours, by slow intravenous infusion</p>
|
|
<p>Control: placebo equivalent volumes of dextrose by slow intravenous infusion on the same schedule as the intervention group</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l339"><li id="ch3.lt634" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt635" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt636" class="half_rhythm"><div>Repeat course of blinded study drug, first 28 days</div></li><li id="ch3.lt637" class="half_rhythm"><div>Open-label ibuprofen, first 28 days</div></li><li id="ch3.lt638" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC (requiring surgery)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt639" class="half_rhythm"><div>Spontaneous intestinal perforation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Open-label ibuprofen was administered when PDA was confirmed with echo-cardiography</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; d: days; h: hours; IV: intravenous; n: number; NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; PMA: post-menstrual age</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3tab9"><div id="ch3.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Observational studies included in the review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study details</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Participants</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Interventions</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes and Results</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref9" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref9">Laughon 2007</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 4587</p>
|
|
<p>Babies born 23–30 weeks gestation, cared for in NICUs managed by the Pediatrix Medical Group, discharged from the unit</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Ligation only: ligation of the PDA was performed and in whom there was no report of prior use of indomethacin</p>
|
|
<p>PDA without treatment: diagnosis of PDA and in whom there was no report of treatment (i.e. indomethacin or ligation)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l340"><li id="ch3.lt640" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt641" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC</div></li><li id="ch3.lt642" class="half_rhythm"><div>Intestinal perforation</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The database did not provide information on how PDA was diagnosed or how the clinician made the decision to treat the PDA. The authors could only evaluate the first course of therapy and did not have information on dose. The outcome of neonates exposed to multiple courses of indomethacin was not evaluated.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref10" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref10">Madan 2009</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 538</p>
|
|
<p>Babies who survived > 72 hours, developed clinically significant PDA, had 18 to 22 month neurodevelopmental follow up before October 27, 2006</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Intervention: primary surgical closure</p>
|
|
<p>Control: supportive treatment (met clinical criteria for significant PDA and who received no indomethacin treatment or surgical ligation for PDA. Some patients who received supportive treatment received prophylactic indomethacin before the diagnosis of PDA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l341"><li id="ch3.lt643" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Some patients in the control group received prophylactic indomethacin before the diagnosis of PDA. Information regarding clinicians’ choice of therapy, several complications of prematurity and therapy for PDA other than indomethacin or surgery were not available.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch3.s1.4.ref11" rid="ch3.s1.4.ref11">Mirea 2012</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective cohort study</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N= 904</p>
|
|
<p>Babies born between 2004–2008, GA ≤ 32 weeks, diagnosed with PDA from 22 NICUs in Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Surgical ligation only: performed in infants with PDA unresponsive to medical treatment or with contraindications to medical treatment</p>
|
|
<p>Conservative management alone: including fluid restriction and/or diuretics, without medical or surgical intervention</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l342"><li id="ch3.lt644" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt645" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD at 36 weeks PMA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt646" class="half_rhythm"><div>NEC stages 2 or 3</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants with PDA unresponsive to medical treatment or with contraindications to medical treatment received surgical ligation. Some infants classified as conservatively treated could have received prophylactic indomethacin, thereby contaminating the control group and reducing the observed impact of indomethacin treatment administered specifically for PDA; however, data regarding prophylactic indomethacin use were not available for adjustment.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; GA: gestational age: n= number; NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; PMA: postmenstrual age</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appatab1"><div id="ch3.appa.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a></th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in SCOPE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the effectiveness and safety of corticosteroids in preventing or managing bronchopulmonary dysplasia?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in guideline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the effectiveness of corticosteroids in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To determine the optimal corticosteroid choice, dosing schedule, mode of administration, in ameliorating BPD and longer-term sequelae in preterm babies requiring respiratory support.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Preterm babies requiring respiratory support</p>
|
|
<p><b>Exclusions:</b></p>
|
|
<p>Preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities except patent ductus arteriosus</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, NEC, neurological disorders.</p>
|
|
<p>RCTs with <15 participants in each arm will not routinely be included. Consideration will be given to their inclusion if the evidence from larger RCTs is judged not to be sufficient – in quality or quantity.</p>
|
|
<p>Studies where >2/3 of preterm babies receive respiratory support will be included in the review</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><b>Corticosteroids:</b></p>
|
|
<p>Intravenous dexamethasone</p>
|
|
<p>Intravenous hydrocortisone</p>
|
|
<p>Nebulised budesonide</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><b>Comparisons:</b></p>
|
|
<p>Corticosteroids versus placebo</p>
|
|
<p>Corticosteroid A versus Corticosteroid B</p>
|
|
<p>Lower dose corticosteroid A versus higher dose corticosteroid A</p>
|
|
<p>Earlier administration of corticosteroid A versus Later administration of corticosteroid A</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><b>Critical outcomes:</b></p>
|
|
<p>Mortality prior to discharge</p>
|
|
<p>Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (Oxygen dependency at 36 weeks gestation or 28 days of age)</p>
|
|
<p>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l413"><li id="ch3.lt717" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cerebral Palsy (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt718" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, not continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l414" class="circle"><li id="ch3.lt719" class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe (Score of >2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayleys assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt720" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate (Score of 1–2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayleys assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70–84)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch3.lt721" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt722" class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe hearing impairment (e.g deaf)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt723" class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe visual impairment (e.g blind)</div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Important outcomes:</b></p>
|
|
<p>Days on invasive ventilation</p>
|
|
<p>GI perforation</p>
|
|
<p>Hypertension</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Systematic reviews of RCTs</p>
|
|
<p>RCTs</p>
|
|
<p>If insufficient RCTs: prospective cohort studies</p>
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<p>If insufficient prospective cohort studies: retrospective cohort studies</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Inclusion:</p>
|
|
<p>English language</p>
|
|
<p>Developed countries with a neonatal care system similar to the UK (e.g. OECD countries)</p>
|
|
<p>Studies conducted post 1990</p>
|
|
<p>Exclusion:</p>
|
|
<p>Corticosteroid courses less than 2 days of duration</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Stratified analyses based on the following sub-groups of pre-term babies:</p>
|
|
<p>Timing of corticosteroid administration:</p>
|
|
<p>Early: <7 days gestational age</p>
|
|
<p>Moderate: 8–20 days gestational age</p>
|
|
<p>Late: >21 days gestational age</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Sifting, data extraction, appraisal of methodological quality and GRADE assessment will be performed by the systematic reviewer. Resolution of any disputes will be with the senior systematic review and the Topic Advisor. Quality control will be performed by the senior systematic reviewer.</p>
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<p>Dual sifting and data extraction will not be undertaken for this question.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
|
|
<p>‘GRADEpro’ will be used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
|
|
<p>NGA STAR software will be used for study sifting, data extraction, recording quality assessment using checklists and generating bibliographies/citations.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Sources to be searched: Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Embase</p>
|
|
<p>Limits (e.g. date, study design):</p>
|
|
<p>Apply standard animal/non-English language exclusion</p>
|
|
<p>Limit to RCTs and systematic reviews in first instance but download all results</p>
|
|
<p>Dates: from 1990</p>
|
|
<p>Studies conducted post 1990 will be considered for this review question, as the GC felt that significant advances have occurred in ante-natal and post-natal respiratory management since this time period and outcomes for preterm babies prior to 1990 are not the same as post 1990.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Developer: NGA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch3.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch3.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch3.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
|
|
<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis (where suitable)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Appraisal of methodological quality:</p>
|
|
<p>The methodological quality of each study will be assessed using an appropriate checklist:
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l415"><li id="ch3.lt724" class="half_rhythm"><div>AMSTAR for systematic reviews</div></li><li id="ch3.lt725" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs</div></li><li id="ch3.lt726" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for non-randomised studies</div></li></ul>
|
|
The quality of the evidence for an outcome (i.e. across studies) will be assessed using GRADE.</p>
|
|
<p>Synthesis of data:</p>
|
|
<p>Pairwise meta-analysis will be conducted where appropriate.</p>
|
|
<p>When meta-analysing continuous data, final and change scores will be pooled and if any studies reports both, the method used in the majority of studies will be analysed.</p>
|
|
<p>Minimally important differences:</p>
|
|
<p>Default values will be used of: 0.8 and 1.25 for dichotomous outcomes; 0.5 times SD for continuous outcomes, unless more appropriate values are identified by the guideline committee or in the literature.</p>
|
|
<p>Mortality prior to discharge – any change (statistically significant)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>If sufficient relevant RCT evidence is available, publication bias will be explored using RevMan software to examine funnel plots.</p>
|
|
<p>Trial registries will be examined to identify missing evidence: <a href="http://Clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinical trials.gov</a>, NIHR Clinical Trials Gateway</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – Current management</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review in the full guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by The National Guideline Alliance and chaired by Dr Janet Rennie in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Staff from The National Guideline Alliance undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details please see the methods chapter of the full guideline.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds The National Guideline Alliance to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health, and social care in England</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appatab2"><div id="ch3.appa.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a></th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in SCOPE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the effectiveness and safety of diuretics in preventing or managing bronchopulmonary dysplasia?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in guideline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the effectiveness of diuretics in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To determine the optimal diuretic choice, dosing schedule and mode of administration, in ameliorating BPD and longer-term sequelae in preterm babies requiring respiratory support.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Preterm babies who require respiratory support:</p>
|
|
<p>Exclusions:</p>
|
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<p>Preterm babies with congenital abnormalities except patent ductus arteriosus</p>
|
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<p>Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, NEC, neurological disorders.</p>
|
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<p>RCTs with <15 participants in each arm will not routinely be included. Consideration will be given to their inclusion if the evidence from larger RCTs is judged not to be sufficient – in quality or quantity.</p>
|
|
<p>Studies where >2/3 of preterm babies receive respiratory support will be included in the review</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Loop diuretics:</p>
|
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<p>Furosemide intravenous or oral</p>
|
|
<p>Aldosterone antagonists:</p>
|
|
<p>Spironolactone oral</p>
|
|
<p>Potassium canrenoate intra-venous</p>
|
|
<p>Thiazide diuretic:</p>
|
|
<p>Chlorothiazide oral</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Comparisons:</p>
|
|
<p>Diuretic vs placebo/no intervention</p>
|
|
<p>Diuretic A vs Diuretic B</p>
|
|
<p>Combination diuretic vs single diuretic</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Critical outcomes:</p>
|
|
<p>Mortality prior to discharge</p>
|
|
<p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 36 weeks corrected gestation or 28 days of age)</p>
|
|
<p>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at >18 months:</p>
|
|
<p>Cerebral Palsy (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</p>
|
|
<p>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, not continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)</p>
|
|
<p>Severe (Score of >2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayleys assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</p>
|
|
<p>Moderate (Score of 1–2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayleys assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70–84)</p>
|
|
<p>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</p>
|
|
<p>Severe hearing impairment (e.g deaf)</p>
|
|
<p>Severe visual impairment (e.g blind)</p>
|
|
<p>Important outcomes:</p>
|
|
<p>Days on invasive ventilation</p>
|
|
<p>Nephrocalcinosis</p>
|
|
<p>Ototoxicity</p>
|
|
<p>Hyponatraemia</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Systematic reviews of RCTs</p>
|
|
<p>RCTs</p>
|
|
<p>If insufficient RCTs: prospective cohort studies</p>
|
|
<p>If insufficient prospective cohort studies: retrospective cohort studies</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Inclusion:</p>
|
|
<p>English language</p>
|
|
<p>Developed countries with a neonatal care system similar to the UK (e.g. OECD countries)</p>
|
|
<p>Studies conducted post 1990</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Stratified analyses based on the following sub-groups of ventilated preterm babies receiving diuretics:</p>
|
|
<p>Age at start of diuretic treatment</p>
|
|
<p><7 days after birth</p>
|
|
<p>8–20 days after birth</p>
|
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<p>>21 days after birth</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of treatment course:</p>
|
|
<p><14 days</p>
|
|
<p>>15 days</p>
|
|
<p>Gestational age:</p>
|
|
<p>≤26+6 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>27-31+6 weeks</p>
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<p>32-36+6 weeks</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sifting, data extraction, appraisal of methodological quality and GRADE assessment will be performed by the systematic reviewer. Resolution of any disputes will be with the senior systematic review and the Topic Advisor. Quality control will be performed by the senior systematic reviewer. Dual quality assessment and data extraction will be performed when capacity allows</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
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<p>‘GRADEpro’ will be used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
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<p>NGA STAR software will be used for study sifting, data extraction, recording quality assessment using checklists and generating bibliographies/citations.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Sources to be searched: Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Embase</p>
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<p>Limits (e.g. date, study design):</p>
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<p>Apply standard animal/non-English language exclusion</p>
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<p>Limit to RCTs and systematic reviews in first instance but download all results</p>
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<p>Dates: from 1990</p>
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<p>Studies conducted post 1990 will be considered for this review question, as the GC felt that significant advances have occurred in ante-natal and post-natal respiratory management since this time period and outcomes for preterm babies prior to 1990 are not the same as post 1990.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Developer: NGA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch3.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch3.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch3.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
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<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
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<p>Please document any deviations/alternative approach when GRADE isn’t used or if a modified GRADE approach has been used for non-intervention or non-comparative studies.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis (where suitable)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Appraisal of methodological quality:</p>
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<p>The methodological quality of each study will be assessed using an appropriate checklist:
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<ul id="ch3.l416"><li id="ch3.lt727" class="half_rhythm"><div>AMSTAR for systematic reviews</div></li><li id="ch3.lt728" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs</div></li><li id="ch3.lt729" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for non-randomised studies</div></li></ul>
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The quality of the evidence for an outcome (i.e. across studies) will be assessed using GRADE.</p>
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<p>Synthesis of data:</p>
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<p>Pairwise meta-analysis will be conducted where appropriate.</p>
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<p>When meta-analysing continuous data, final and change scores will be pooled and if any studies reports both, the method used in the majority of studies will be analysed.</p>
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<p>Minimally important differences:</p>
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<p>Default values will be used of: 0.75 and 1.25 for dichotomous outcomes; 0.5 times SD for continuous outcomes, unless more appropriate values are identified by the guideline committee or in the literature.</p>
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<p>Mortality – any change (statistically significant)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>If sufficient relevant RCT evidence is available, publication bias will be explored using RevMan software to examine funnel plots.</p>
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<p>Trial registries will be examined to identify missing evidence: <a href="http://Clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinical trials.gov</a>, NIHR Clinical Trials Gateway</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – Current management</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review in the full guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by The National Guideline Alliance and chaired by Dr Janet Rennie in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>Staff from The National Guideline Alliance undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details please see the methods chapter of the full guideline.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE finds The National Guideline Alliance to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health, and social care in England</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered to PROSPERO</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appatab3"><div id="ch3.appa.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appa.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a></th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in SCOPE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the effectiveness and safety of caffeine in preventing or managing bronchopulmonary dysplasia?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in guideline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the effectiveness of caffeine in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To determine the optimal caffeine dosing schedule, mode of administration, in ameliorating BPD and longer-term sequelae in preterm babies</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Preterm babies who require respiratory support.</p>
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<p>Exclusions:
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<ul id="ch3.l417"><li id="ch3.lt730" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies with congenital abnormalities excluding patent ductus arteriosus</div></li><li id="ch3.lt731" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, NEC, neurological disorders.</div></li><li id="ch3.lt732" class="half_rhythm"><div>RCTs with <15 participants in each arm will not routinely be included. Consideration will be given to their inclusion if the evidence from larger RCTs is judged not to be sufficient – in quality or quantity.</div></li></ul>
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Studies where >2/3 of preterm babies receive respiratory support will be included in the review</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Caffeine (citrate or base) – oral or IV</b>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Control:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l418"><li id="ch3.lt733" class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt734" class="half_rhythm"><div>No intervention</div></li></ul>
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<b>Comparisons:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l419"><li id="ch3.lt735" class="half_rhythm"><div>Caffeine versus control</div></li><li id="ch3.lt736" class="half_rhythm"><div>Lower dose caffeine versus higher dose caffeine</div></li><li id="ch3.lt737" class="half_rhythm"><div>Earlier administration of caffeine versus later administration of caffeine</div></li><li id="ch3.lt738" class="half_rhythm"><div>Shorter duration versus longer duration</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l420"><li id="ch3.lt739" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality before discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt740" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA or 28 days of age</div></li><li id="ch3.lt741" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months:
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<ul id="ch3.l421" class="circle"><li id="ch3.lt742" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cerebral palsy (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt743" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, not continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)
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<dl id="ch3.l422" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>▪</dt><dd id="ch3.lt744"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe (score of >2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayleys assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>▪</dt><dd id="ch3.lt745"><p class="no_top_margin">Moderate (score of 1–2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayleys assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70–84)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li><li id="ch3.lt746" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)
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<dl id="ch3.l423" class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>▪</dt><dd id="ch3.lt747"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe hearing impairment (e.g deaf)</p></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>▪</dt><dd id="ch3.lt748"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe visual impairment (e.g blind)</p></dd></dl></dl></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
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<b>Important outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l424"><li id="ch3.lt749" class="half_rhythm"><div>Continuing apnoea</div></li><li id="ch3.lt750" class="half_rhythm"><div>Extubation failure</div></li><li id="ch3.lt751" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tachycardia</div></li><li id="ch3.lt752" class="half_rhythm"><div>Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Systematic reviews of RCTs</p>
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<p>RCTs</p>
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<p>If insufficient RCTs: prospective cohort studies</p>
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<p>If insufficient prospective cohort studies: retrospective cohort studies</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion:
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<ul id="ch3.l425"><li id="ch3.lt753" class="half_rhythm"><div>English language</div></li><li id="ch3.lt754" class="half_rhythm"><div>Developed countries with a neonatal care system similar to the UK (e.g. OECD countries)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt755" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies conducted post 1990</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Stratified analyses based on the following sub-groups of preterm babies receiving caffeine:</p>
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<p><b>Respiratory support:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l426"><li id="ch3.lt756" class="half_rhythm"><div>Invasive</div></li><li id="ch3.lt757" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-invasive</div></li></ul>
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<b>Gestational age:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l427"><li id="ch3.lt758" class="half_rhythm"><div><26<sup>+6</sup> weeks</div></li><li id="ch3.lt759" class="half_rhythm"><div>27–31<sup>+6</sup> weeks</div></li><li id="ch3.lt760" class="half_rhythm"><div>32–36<sup>+6</sup> weeks</div></li></ul>
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<b>Respiratory indications:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l428"><li id="ch3.lt761" class="half_rhythm"><div>Prevention of extubation failure</div></li><li id="ch3.lt762" class="half_rhythm"><div>Apnoea of prematurity</div></li></ul></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Sifting, data extraction, appraisal of methodological quality and GRADE assessment will be performed by the systematic reviewer. Resolution of any disputes will be with the senior systematic reviewer and the Topic Advisor. Quality control will be performed by the senior systematic reviewer.</p>
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<p>Dual sifting and data extraction will not be undertaken for this question.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
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<p>‘GRADEpro’ will be used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
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<p>NGA STAR software will be used for study sifting, data extraction, recording quality assessment using checklists and generating bibliographies/citations.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Sources to be searched: Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Embase</p>
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<p>Limits (e.g. date, study design):</p>
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<p>Apply standard animal/non-English language exclusion</p>
|
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<p>Limit to RCTs and systematic reviews in first instance but download all results</p>
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<p>Dates: from 1990</p>
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<p>Studies conducted post 1990 will be considered for this review question, as the GC felt that significant advances have occurred in ante-natal and post-natal respiratory management since this time period and outcomes for preterm babies prior to 1990 are not the same as post 1990.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Developer: NGA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch3.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used and published as <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch3.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch3.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
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<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis (where suitable)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Appraisal of methodological quality:</p>
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<p>The methodological quality of each study will be assessed using an appropriate checklist:
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<ul id="ch3.l429"><li id="ch3.lt763" class="half_rhythm"><div>AMSTAR for systematic reviews</div></li><li id="ch3.lt764" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs</div></li><li id="ch3.lt765" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for non-randomised studies</div></li></ul>
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The quality of the evidence for an outcome (i.e. across studies) will be assessed using GRADE.</p>
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<p>Synthesis of data:</p>
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<p>Pairwise meta-analysis will be conducted where appropriate.</p>
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<p>When meta-analysing continuous data, final and change scores will be pooled and if any studies reports both, the method used in the majority of studies will be analysed.</p>
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<p>Minimally important differences:</p>
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<p>Default values will be used of: 0.75 and 1.25 for dichotomous outcomes; 0.5 times SD for continuous outcomes, unless more appropriate values are identified by the guideline committee or in the literature.</p>
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<p>Mortality – any change (statistically significant)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>If sufficient relevant RCT evidence is available, publication bias will be explored using RevMan software to examine funnel plots.</p>
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<p>Trial registries will be examined to identify missing evidence: <a href="http://Clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinical trials.gov</a>, NIHR Clinical Trials Gateway</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – Current management</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review in the full guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by The National Guideline Alliance and chaired by Dr Janet Rennie in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>Staff from The National Guideline Alliance undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details please see the methods chapter of the full guideline.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE finds The National Guideline Alliance to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health and social care in England</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered to PROSPERO</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appatab4"><div id="ch3.appa.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appa.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appa.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a>)</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in SCOPE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the effectiveness and safety of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preventing or managing bronchopulmonary dysplasia?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in guideline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the effectiveness of interventions for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To determine the optimal intervention for closing a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies requiring respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Preterm babies diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus by an echocardiogram and require respiratory support.</p>
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<p>Exclusions:
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<ul id="ch3.l430"><li id="ch3.lt766" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities except PDA</div></li><li id="ch3.lt767" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, NEC, neurological disorders</div></li><li id="ch3.lt768" class="half_rhythm"><div>RCTs with <15 participants in each arm will not routinely be included. Consideration will be given to their inclusion if the evidence from larger RCTs is judged not to be sufficient – in quality or quantity.</div></li><li id="ch3.lt769" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies where >2/3 of preterm babies receive respiratory support will be included in the review</div></li></ul></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Pharmacological:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l431"><li id="ch3.lt770" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ibuprofen - oral or intravenous</div></li><li id="ch3.lt771" class="half_rhythm"><div>Paracetamol – oral or intravenous</div></li></ul>
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<b>Fluid Restriction:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l432"><li id="ch3.lt772" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction only – oral or iv</div></li><li id="ch3.lt773" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction with diuretics:</div></li><li id="ch3.lt774" class="half_rhythm"><div>Furosemide – oral or iv</div></li><li id="ch3.lt775" class="half_rhythm"><div>Combined oral spironolactone and oral chlorothiazide</div></li><li id="ch3.lt776" class="half_rhythm"><div>Combined IV frusemide and IV potassium canrenoate</div></li></ul>
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<b>Surgical:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l433"><li id="ch3.lt777" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical ligation</div></li></ul>
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<b>Control:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l434"><li id="ch3.lt778" class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt779" class="half_rhythm"><div>No intervention</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Comparisons:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l435"><li id="ch3.lt780" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacological vs placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt781" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery vs placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt782" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction vs placebo</div></li><li id="ch3.lt783" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacological vs surgery</div></li><li id="ch3.lt784" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pharmacological vs fluid restriction</div></li><li id="ch3.lt785" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery vs fluid restriction</div></li></ul>
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If pharmacological is better than surgery and fluid restriction:
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<ul id="ch3.l436"><li id="ch3.lt786" class="half_rhythm"><div>Ibuprofen vs paracetamol</div></li></ul>
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If fluid restriction is better than surgery and pharmacological:
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<ul id="ch3.l437"><li id="ch3.lt787" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction only vs fluid restriction with diuretics</div></li><li id="ch3.lt788" class="half_rhythm"><div>If fluid restriction with diuretics is better than fluid restriction only:</div></li><li id="ch3.lt789" class="half_rhythm"><div>Fluid restriction with combination diuretics vs fluid restriction with single diuretics</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l438"><li id="ch3.lt790" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt791" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchpulmonary dysplasia (Oxygen dependency at 36 weeks postmenstrual age or 28 days of age)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt792" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months:
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<ul id="ch3.l439" class="circle"><li id="ch3.lt793" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cerebral Palsy (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt794" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, not continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt795" class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe (Score of >2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayleys assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt796" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate (Score of 1–2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayleys assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70–84)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt797" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt798" class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe hearing impairment (e.g deaf)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt799" class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe visual impairment (e.g blind)</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
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<b>Important outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l440"><li id="ch3.lt800" class="half_rhythm"><div>Failure of patent ductus arteriosus closure</div></li><li id="ch3.lt801" class="half_rhythm"><div>Renal impairment</div></li><li id="ch3.lt802" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gastrointestinal complications:
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<ul id="ch3.l441" class="circle"><li id="ch3.lt803" class="half_rhythm"><div>gastrointestinal perforation</div></li><li id="ch3.lt804" class="half_rhythm"><div>gastrointestinal haemorrhage</div></li><li id="ch3.lt805" class="half_rhythm"><div>necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Systematic reviews of RCTs</p>
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<p>RCTs</p>
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<p>If insufficient RCTs: prospective cohort studies</p>
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<p>If insufficient prospective cohort studies: retrospective cohort studies</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion:
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<ul id="ch3.l442"><li id="ch3.lt806" class="half_rhythm"><div>English language</div></li><li id="ch3.lt807" class="half_rhythm"><div>Developed countries with a neonatal care system similar to the UK (e.g. OECD countries)</div></li><li id="ch3.lt808" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies conducted post 1990</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Stratified analyses based on the following sub-groups of ventilated preterm babies receiving caffeine:</p>
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<p>Gestational age:
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<ul id="ch3.l443"><li id="ch3.lt809" class="half_rhythm"><div><26+6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch3.lt810" class="half_rhythm"><div>27-31+6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch3.lt811" class="half_rhythm"><div>32-36+6 weeks</div></li></ul>
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Post-natal age at start of PDA treatment:
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<ul id="ch3.l444"><li id="ch3.lt812" class="half_rhythm"><div><7 days</div></li><li id="ch3.lt813" class="half_rhythm"><div>8–14 days</div></li><li id="ch3.lt814" class="half_rhythm"><div>>15 days</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Dual sifting, data extraction and methodological quality assessment:</p>
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<p>Sifting, data extraction, appraisal of methodological quality and GRADE assessment will be performed by the systematic reviewer. Dual weeding will be performed by a second systematic reviewer on 5% or 10% of records (depending on database size), with resolution of discrepancies in discussion with the senior reviewer if necessary.</p>
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<p>Quality control will be performed by the senior systematic reviewer.</p>
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<p>Dual data extraction and quality assessment will be performed as capacity allows.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
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<p>‘GRADEpro’ will be used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
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<p>NGA STAR software will be used for study sifting, data extraction, recording quality assessment using checklists and generating bibliographies/citations,</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources to be searched: Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Embase
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<ul id="ch3.l445"><li id="ch3.lt815" class="half_rhythm"><div>Limits (e.g. date, study design):</div></li><li id="ch3.lt816" class="half_rhythm"><div>Apply standard animal/non-English language exclusion</div></li><li id="ch3.lt817" class="half_rhythm"><div>Limit to RCTs and systematic reviews in first instance but download all results</div></li><li id="ch3.lt818" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dates from 1990</div></li></ul>
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Studies conducted post 1990 will be considered for this review question, as the GC felt that significant advances have occurred in ante-natal and post-natal respiratory management since this time period and outcomes for preterm babies prior to 1990 are not the same as post 1990.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Developer: NGA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch3.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used and published as <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch3.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch3.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch3.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
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<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis (where suitable)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Appraisal of methodological quality:</p>
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<p>The methodological quality of each study will be assessed using an appropriate checklist:
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<ul id="ch3.l446"><li id="ch3.lt819" class="half_rhythm"><div>AMSTAR for systematic reviews</div></li><li id="ch3.lt820" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs</div></li><li id="ch3.lt821" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for non-randomised studies</div></li></ul>
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The quality of the evidence for an outcome (i.e. across studies) will be assessed using GRADE.</p>
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<p>Synthesis of data:</p>
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<p>Pairwise meta-analysis will be conducted where appropriate.</p>
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<p>When meta-analysing continuous data, final and change scores will be pooled and if any studies reports both, the method used in the majority of studies will be analysed.</p>
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<p>For details regarding inconsistency, please see the methods chapter of the full guideline</p>
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<p>Minimally important differences:</p>
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<p>Default values will be used of: 0.75 and 1.25 for dichotomous outcomes; 0.5 times SD for continuous outcomes, unless more appropriate values are identified by the guideline committee or in the literature.</p>
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<p>Mortality – any change (statistically significant)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>If sufficient relevant RCT evidence is available, publication bias will be explored using RevMan software to examine funnel plots.</p>
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<p>Trial registries will be examined to identify missing evidence: <a href="http://Clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinical trials.gov</a>, NIHR Clinical Trials Gateway</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – Current management</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review in the full guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by The National Guideline Alliance and chaired by Dr Janet Rennie in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>Staff from The National Guideline Alliance undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details please see the methods chapter of the full guideline.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE finds The National Guideline Alliance to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health and social care in England</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appa.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered to PROSPERO</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab1"><div id="ch3.appb.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or newborn* or new-born* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">special care baby unit*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiration, Artificial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp artificial ventilation/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp assisted ventilation/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Ventilators, Mechanical/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ventilator/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((mechanic* or artificial or assisted or continu* or control* or high frequency or invasive or mandatory or oscillat* or pressure* or pulmonary or support* or trigger* or volume) adj3 (ventilat* or respirate or respiration or breathing or airway*)) or ventilat* or respirator or respirators).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ACV or CMV or SIMV or PCV or PTV or SIPPV or VGV or PCVG or HFOV).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">assist* control*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">volume control*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">volume guarantee.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/19–28</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Budesonide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budesonide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(budesonide or budelin or pulmicort).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Dexamethasone/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dexamethasone/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dexamethasone or dexsol or martapen).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hydrocortisone/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hydrocortisone/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hydrocortisone or efcortesol or solu cortef or solucortef or corlan).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(steroid* or corticosteroid* or glucocortico*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 and 29 and 40</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 41 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 42 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/44–55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/57–59</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 not 60</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/61–73</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 not 74</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic or evidence) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pool* or combined) adj2 (data or trials or studies or results)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/76–77,80,82–87 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/78–81,83–88 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/89–90</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clinical Trials as topic.sh. or (controlled clinical trial or pragmatic clinical trial or randomized controlled trial).pt. or (placebo or randomi#ed or randomly).ab. or trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(controlled clinical trial or pragmatic clinical trial or randomized controlled trial).pt. or drug therapy.fs. or (groups or placebo or randomi#ed or randomly or trial).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/ or double blind procedure/ or randomized controlled trial/ or single blind procedure/ or (assign* or allocat* or crossover* or cross over* or ((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*) or factorial* or placebo* or random* or volunteer*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93 or 95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97 or 98</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91 or 99</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 and 100</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 101</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab2"><div id="ch3.appb.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or newborn* or new-born or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">special care baby unit*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiration, Artificial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp artificial ventilation/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp assisted ventilation/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Ventilators, Mechanical/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ventilator/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((mechanic* or artificial or assisted or continu* or control* or high frequency or invasive or mandatory or oscillat* or pressure* or pulmonary or support* or trigger* or volume) adj3 (ventilat* or respirate or respiration or breathing or airway*)) or ventilat* or respirator or respirators).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ACV or CMV or SIMV or PCV or PTV or SIPPV or VGV or PCVG or HFOV).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">assist control.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">volume control*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">volume guarantee.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/19–28</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Budesonide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budesonide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(budesonide or budelin or pulmicort).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Dexamethasone/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dexamethasone/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dexamethasone or dexsol or martapen).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hydrocortisone/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hydrocortisone/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hydrocortisone or efcortesol or solu cortef or solucortef or corlan).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(steroid* or corticosteroid* or glucocortico*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 and 29 and 40</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 41 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 42 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/44–55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/57–59</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 not 60</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/61–73</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 not 74</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Control Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohort Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Longitudinal Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-Up Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-Sectional Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/76–83 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/85–91 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((retrospective* or cohort* or longitudinal or follow?up or prospective or cross section*) adj3 (stud* or research or analys*)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84 or 92 or 93</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 and 94</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 95</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab3"><div id="ch3.appb.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or newborn* or new-born* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">special care baby unit*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiration, Artificial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp artificial ventilation/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp assisted ventilation/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Ventilators, Mechanical/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ventilator/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((mechanic* or artificial or assisted or continu* or control* or high frequency or invasive or mandatory or oscillat* or pressure* or pulmonary or support* or trigger* or volume) adj3 (ventilat* or respirate or respiration or breathing or airway*)) or ventilat* or respirator or respirators).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ACV or CMV or SIMV or PCV or PTV or SIPPV or VGV or PCVG or HFOV).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">assist control.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">volume control*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">volume guarantee.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/19–28</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Budesonide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budesonide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(budesonide or budelin or pulmicort).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Dexamethasone/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dexamethasone/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dexamethasone or dexsol or martapen).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Hydrocortisone/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hydrocortisone/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hydrocortisone or efcortesol or solu cortef or solucortef or corlan).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(steroid* or corticosteroid* or glucocortico*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 and 29 and 40</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 41 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 42 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/44–55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/57–59</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 not 60</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/61–73</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 not 74</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/76–84 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/86–91 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/93–98</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85 or 92 or 100</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 and 101</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 102</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/93–98</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85 or 92 or 100</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 and 101</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 102</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab4"><div id="ch3.appb.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Infant, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or newborn* or new-born* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie or premies)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((low near/3 birth near/3 weigh*) or (LBW or VLBW))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care, Neonatal] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care Units, Neonatal] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special care baby unit* or ((newborn or neonatal) near ICU*1) or (SCBU or NICU))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #1-#7}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Respiration, Artificial] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Ventilators, Mechanical] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((mechanic* or artificial or assisted or continu* or control* or high frequency or invasive or mandatory or oscillat* or pressure* or pulmonary or support* or trigger* or volume) near/3 (ventilat* or respirate or respiration or breathing or airway*)) or ventilat* or respirator or respirators)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ACV or CMV or SIMV or PCV or PTV or SIPPV or VGV or PCVG or HFOV)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assist* control* or volume control* or volume guarantee)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #9-#13}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Budesonide] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(budesonide or budelin or pulmicort)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Dexamethasone] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dexamethasone or dexsol or martapen)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Hydrocortisone] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hydrocortisone or efcortesol or solu cortef or solucortef or corlan)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(steroid* or corticosteroid* or glucocortico*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #15-#21}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8 and #14 and #22 Publication Year from 1990 to 2017</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab5"><div id="ch3.appb.tab5" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diuretics/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">loop diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furosemide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">furosemide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(furosemid* or frusemide or furantral).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">aldosterone antagonist/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Canrenoic Acid/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">canrenoate potassium/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((potassium adj canrenoate) or (aldadiene adj kalium) or canrenoic acid).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spironolactone/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">spironolactone/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(spironolact?on* or acetylthiospirolactone).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thiazides/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">thiazide diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">thiazide*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Chlorothiazide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">chlorothiazide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(chlorothiazid* or mechlozid or uroflux).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/24–44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 and 46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 47 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 48 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/50–61</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/63–65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 not 66</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/67–79</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49 not 80</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic or evidence) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pool* or combined) adj2 (data or trials or studies or results)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/82–83,86,88–93 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/84–87,89–94 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/95–96</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clinical Trials as topic.sh. or (controlled clinical trial or pragmatic clinical trial or randomized controlled trial).pt. or (placebo or randomi#ed or randomly).ab. or trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(controlled clinical trial or pragmatic clinical trial or randomized controlled trial).pt. or drug therapy.fs. or (groups or placebo or randomi#ed or randomly or trial).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/ or double blind procedure/ or randomized controlled trial/ or single blind procedure/ or (assign* or allocat* or crossover* or cross over* or ((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*) or factorial* or placebo* or random* or volunteer*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99 or 101</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103 or 104</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97 or 105</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 and 106</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 107</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab6"><div id="ch3.appb.tab6" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diuretics/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">loop diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furosemide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">furosemide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(furosemid* or frusemide or furantral).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">aldosterone antagonist/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Canrenoic Acid/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">canrenoate potassium/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((potassium adj canrenoate) or (aldadiene adj kalium) or canrenoic acid).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spironolactone/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">spironolactone/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(spironolact?on* or acetylthiospirolactone).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thiazides/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">thiazide diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">thiazide*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Chlorothiazide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">chlorothiazide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(chlorothiazid* or mechlozid or uroflux).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/24–44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 and 46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 47 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 48 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/50–61</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/63–65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 not 66</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/67–79</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49 not 80</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Control Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohort Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Longitudinal Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-Up Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-Sectional Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/82–89 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/91–97 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((retrospective$ or cohort$ or longitudinal or follow?up or prospective or cross section$) adj3 (stud$ or research or analys$)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90 or 98 or 99</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 and 100</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 101</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab7"><div id="ch3.appb.tab7" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diuretics/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">loop diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furosemide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">furosemide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(furosemid* or frusemide or furantral).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">aldosterone antagonist/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Canrenoic Acid/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">canrenoate potassium/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((potassium adj canrenoate) or (aldadiene adj kalium) or canrenoic acid).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spironolactone/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">spironolactone/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(spironolact?on* or acetylthiospirolactone).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thiazides/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">thiazide diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">thiazide*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Chlorothiazide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">chlorothiazide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(chlorothiazid* or mechlozid or uroflux).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/24–44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 and 46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 47 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 48 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/50–61</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/63–65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 not 66</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/67–79</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49 not 80</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/82–90 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/92–97 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/99–104</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91 or 98 or 106</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 and 107</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 108</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab8"><div id="ch3.appb.tab8" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Infant, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie or premies or low birth weight or very low birth weight)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care, Neonatal] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care Units, Neonatal] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Neonatal Nursing] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) near/2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital* or ICU*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special near baby next unit*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie* or premies) near/2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #1-#11}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Diuretics] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Furosemide] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(furosemid* or frusemide or furantral)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Canrenoic Acid] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((potassium next canrenoate) or (aldadiene next kalium) or canrenoic acid)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Spironolactone] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(spironolacton* or acetylthiospirolactone)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Thiazides] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">thiazide*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Chlorothiazide] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(chlorothiazid* or mechlozid or uroflux)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #13-#26}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12 and #27</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab9"><div id="ch3.appb.tab9" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(infan* or neonat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">((newborn or neonatal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">or/1–17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Caffeine/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">caffeine/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">caffeine citrate/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">caffeine benzoate/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">caffeine.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">or/19–23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">18 and 24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">or/26–37</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">randomsied controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">randomsied controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">or/39–41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">38 not 42</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">or/43–55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">25 not 56</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">limit 57 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">limit 58 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">remove duplicates from 59</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab10"><div id="ch3.appb.tab10" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(infan* or neonat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">((newborn or neonatal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">or/1–17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Caffeine/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">caffeine/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">caffeine citrate/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">caffeine benzoate/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">caffeine.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">or/19–23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">18 and 24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(or/30–38) use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(or/40–45) use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">or/47–53</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">39 or 46 or 54</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">25 and 55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">limit 56 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">limit 57 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">remove duplicates from 58</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab11"><div id="ch3.appb.tab11" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MeSH descriptor: [Infant, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(low near birth near weigh*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care, Neonatal] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care Units, Neonatal] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(special and care and baby and unit*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) near (ICU*1 or unit*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">(SCBU or NICU)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">{or #1-#9}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MeSH descriptor: [Caffeine] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">caffeine</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#11 or #12</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#10 and #13 Publication Year from 1990 to 2018</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab12"><div id="ch3.appb.tab12" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp patent ductus arteriosus/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(patent ductus or persistent ductus or ductus arteriosus or PDA).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/24–26</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 and 27</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drug therapy.fs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">surgery.fs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 or 30</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prostaglandin synthase inhibitor/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acetaminophen/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">paracetamol/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(paracetamol or acetaminophen or acetamidophen* or acetylaminophen* or panadol or tylenol).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ibuprofen/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ibuprofen/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ibuprofen* or ibuprophen or isobutylphenyl propionic acid or NSAID*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/32–41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluid Therapy/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fluid therapy/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dehydration/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dehydration/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/43–46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((fluid* or water) adj3 (restrict* or balanc* or deplet* or depriv* or imbalanc* or intake* or loss or manag* or remov* or therap* or treatment*)) or (dehydrat* or dishydrat*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 or (48 and 49)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diuretics/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 or 52</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47 and 53</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furosemide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">furosemide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(furosemid* or frusemide or furantral).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/55–57</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spironolactone/ and exp Chlorothiazide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">spironolactone/ and chlorothiazide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furosemide/ and Canrenoic Acid/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((spironolact?on* or acetylthiospirolactone) and (chlorothiazid* or mechlozid or uroflux)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">furosemide/ and canrenoate potassium/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((furosemid* or frusemide or furantral) and ((potassium adj canrenoate) or (aldadiene adj kalium) or canrenoic acid)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/59–64</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ligation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ductus arteriosus obliteration/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp cardiovascular procedure/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cardiac Catheterization/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">heart catheterization/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clip/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/ or *Cardiac Surgical Procedures/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*cardiovascular surgery/ or *heart surgery/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ligation* or catheter* or clip or clips* or closure or coil* or device* or intervention* or occlusion* or surgery or suture* or suturing or transcatheter* or trans-catheter*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/66–74</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 or 42 or 47 or 50 or 54 or 58 or 65 or 75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 and 76</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 77 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 78 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/80–91</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/93–95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92 not 96</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/97–109</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79 not 110</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic or evidence) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pool* or combined) adj2 (data or trials or studies or results)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/112–113,116,118–123 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/114–117,119–124 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/125–126</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clinical Trials as topic.sh. or (controlled clinical trial or pragmatic clinical trial or randomised controlled trial).pt. or (placebo or randomi#ed or randomly).ab. or trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(controlled clinical trial or pragmatic clinical trial or randomised controlled trial).pt. or drug therapy.fs. or (groups or placebo or randomi#ed or randomly or trial).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/ or double blind procedure/ or randomised controlled trial/ or single blind procedure/ or (assign* or allocat* or crossover* or cross over* or ((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*) or factorial* or placebo* or random* or volunteer*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129 or 131</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133 or 134</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127 or 135</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">137</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111 and 136</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 137</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab13"><div id="ch3.appb.tab13" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp patent ductus arteriosus/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(patent ductus or persistent ductus or ductus arteriosus or PDA).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/24–26</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 and 27</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drug therapy.fs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">surgery.fs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 or 30</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prostaglandin synthase inhibitor/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acetaminophen/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">paracetamol/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(paracetamol or acetaminophen or acetamidophen* or acetylaminophen* or panadol or tylenol).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ibuprofen/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ibuprofen/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ibuprofen* or ibuprophen or isobutylphenyl propionic acid or NSAID*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/32–41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluid Therapy/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fluid therapy/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dehydration/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dehydration/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/43–46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((fluid* or water) adj3 (restrict* or balanc* or deplet* or depriv* or imbalanc* or intake* or loss or manag* or remov* or therap* or treatment*)) or (dehydrat* or dishydrat*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 or (48 and 49)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diuretics/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 or 52</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47 and 53</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furosemide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">furosemide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(furosemid* or frusemide or furantral).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/55–57</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spironolactone/ and exp Chlorothiazide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">spironolactone/ and chlorothiazide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furosemide/ and Canrenoic Acid/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((spironolact?on* or acetylthiospirolactone) and (chlorothiazid* or mechlozid or uroflux)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">furosemide/ and canrenoate potassium/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((furosemid* or frusemide or furantral) and ((potassium adj canrenoate) or (aldadiene adj kalium) or canrenoic acid)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/59–64</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ligation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ductus arteriosus obliteration/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp cardiovascular procedure/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cardiac Catheterization/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">heart catheterization/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clip/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/ or *Cardiac Surgical Procedures/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*cardiovascular surgery/ or *heart surgery/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ligation* or catheter* or clip or clips* or closure or coil* or device* or intervention* or occlusion* or surgery or suture* or suturing or transcatheter* or trans-catheter*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/66–74</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 or 42 or 47 or 50 or 54 or 58 or 65 or 75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 and 76</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 77 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 78 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/80–91</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/93–95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92 not 96</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/97–109</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79 not 110</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Control Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohort Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Longitudinal Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-Up Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-Sectional Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/112–119 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/121–127 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((retrospective$ or cohort$ or longitudinal or follow?up or prospective or cross section$) adj3 (stud$ or research or analys$)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 or 128 or 129</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111 and 130</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 131</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab14"><div id="ch3.appb.tab14" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp patent ductus arteriosus/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(patent ductus or persistent ductus or ductus arteriosus or PDA).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/24–26</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 and 27</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drug therapy.fs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">surgery.fs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 or 30</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prostaglandin synthase inhibitor/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acetaminophen/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">paracetamol/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(paracetamol or acetaminophen or acetamidophen* or acetylaminophen* or panadol or tylenol).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ibuprofen/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ibuprofen/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ibuprofen* or ibuprophen or isobutylphenyl propionic acid or NSAID*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/32–41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluid Therapy/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fluid therapy/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dehydration/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">dehydration/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/43–46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((fluid* or water) adj3 (restrict* or balanc* or deplet* or depriv* or imbalanc* or intake* or loss or manag* or remov* or therap* or treatment*)) or (dehydrat* or dishydrat*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 or (48 and 49)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diuretics/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic agent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 or 52</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47 and 53</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furosemide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">furosemide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(furosemid* or frusemide or furantral).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/55–57</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spironolactone/ and exp Chlorothiazide/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">spironolactone/ and chlorothiazide/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furosemide/ and Canrenoic Acid/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((spironolact?on* or acetylthiospirolactone) and (chlorothiazid* or mechlozid or uroflux)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">furosemide/ and canrenoate potassium/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((furosemid* or frusemide or furantral) and ((potassium adj canrenoate) or (aldadiene adj kalium) or canrenoic acid)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/59–64</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ligation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ductus arteriosus obliteration/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp cardiovascular procedure/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cardiac Catheterization/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">heart catheterization/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clip/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/ or *Cardiac Surgical Procedures/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*cardiovascular surgery/ or *heart surgery/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ligation* or catheter* or clip or clips* or closure or coil* or device* or intervention* or occlusion* or surgery or suture* or suturing or transcatheter* or trans-catheter*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/66–74</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 or 42 or 47 or 50 or 54 or 58 or 65 or 75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 and 76</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 77 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 78 to yr=“1990-Current”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/80–91</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/93–95</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92 not 96</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/97–109</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79 not 110</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/112–120 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/122–127 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/129–134</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">137</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121 or 128 or 136</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111 and 137</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">139</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 138</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appbtab15"><div id="ch3.appb.tab15" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appb.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appb.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Infant, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low near birth near weigh*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care, Neonatal] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care Units, Neonatal] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) near (ICU*1 or unit*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #1-#9}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Ductus Arteriosus, Patent] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(patent ductus or persistent ductus or ductus arteriosus or PDA)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11 or #12</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10 and #13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Acetaminophen] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Ibuprofen] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(paracetamol or acetaminophen or acetamidophen* or acetylaminophen* or panadol or tylenol)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ibuprofen* or ibuprophen or isobutylphenyl propionic acid or NSAID*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #15-#20}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Fluid Therapy] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Dehydration] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22 or #23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Diuretics] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24 and #25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #24-#26}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((fluid* or water) N3 (rrestrict* or balanc* or deplet* or depriv* or imbalanc* or intake* or loss or manag* or remov* or therap* or treatment*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dehydrat* or dishydrat*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28 or #29</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diuretic*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30 and #31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #30-#32}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Furosemide] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(furosemid* or frusemide or furantral)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34 or #35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Spironolactone] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Chlorothiazide] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#37 and #38</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Furosemide] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Canrenoic Acid] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#40 and #41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((spironolacton* or acetylthiospirolactone) and (chlorothiazid* or mechlozid or uroflux))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((furosemid* or frusemide or furantral) and ((potassium adj canrenoate) or (aldadiene N2 kalium) or canrenoic acid))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#43 or #44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Ligation] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Cardiac Catheterization] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Cardiac Surgical Procedures] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ligation* or catheter* or clip or clips* or closure or coil* or device* or intervention* or occlusion* or surgery or suture* or suturing or transcatheter* or trans-catheter*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #46-#50}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #21, #27, #33, #36, #39, #42, #45, #51}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14 and #52 Publication Year from 1990 to 2017</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appcfig1"><div id="ch3.appc.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appcf1&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appcf1.jpg" alt="Image ch3appcf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appcfig2"><div id="ch3.appc.fig2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appcf2&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appcf2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appcf2.jpg" alt="Image ch3appcf2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appcfig3"><div id="ch3.appc.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appcf3&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appcf3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appcf3.jpg" alt="Image ch3appcf3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appcfig4"><div id="ch3.appc.fig4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appcf4&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appcf4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appcf4.jpg" alt="Image ch3appcf4" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appcfig5"><div id="ch3.appc.fig5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appcf5&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appcf5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appcf5.jpg" alt="Image ch3appcf5" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig1"><div id="ch3.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20mortality%20prior%20to%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – mortality prior to discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – mortality prior to discharge</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig2"><div id="ch3.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20bronchopulmonary%20dysplasia%20at%2036%20weeks%20corrected%20gestational%20age.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig3"><div id="ch3.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%02013bronchopulmonary%20dysplasia%20at%2028%20days%20of%20age.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo–bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo–bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig4"><div id="ch3.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Neurodevelopmental%20outcomes%3A%20cerebral%20palsy%20at%2018%20months%20of%20age%20or%20older%20(random%20effects%20meta-analysis).&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older (random effects meta-analysis)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older (random effects meta-analysis)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig5"><div id="ch3.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Neurodevelopmental%20outcomes%3A%20cerebral%20palsy%20at%2018%20months%20of%20age%20or%20older%20(fixed%20effects%20meta-analysis).&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older (fixed effects meta-analysis)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: cerebral palsy at 18 months of age or older (fixed effects meta-analysis)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig6"><div id="ch3.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Neurodevelopmental%20outcomes%3A%20severe%20cognitive%20impairment%20at%2018%20months%20of%20age%20or%20older.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig7"><div id="ch3.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Neurodevelopmental%20outcomes%3A%20severe%20intellectual%20impairment%20(IQ%20%3C70)%20at%2018months%20of%20age%20or%20older.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe intellectual impairment (IQ <70) at 18months of age or older." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe intellectual impairment (IQ <70) at 18months of age or older</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig8"><div id="ch3.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Neurodevelopmental%20outcomes%3A%20severe%20blindness%20at%2018%20months%20of%20age%20or%20older.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe blindness at 18 months of age or older." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe blindness at 18 months of age or older</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig9"><div id="ch3.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Neurodevelopmental%20outcomes%3A%20severe%20deafness%20at%2018%20months%20of%20age%20or%20older.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe deafness at 18 months of age or older." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental outcomes: severe deafness at 18 months of age or older</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig10"><div id="ch3.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20gastro-intestinal%20perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – gastro-intestinal perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – gastro-intestinal perforation</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig11"><div id="ch3.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Comparison%201.1.%20Dexamethasone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20hypertension.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – hypertension." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo – hypertension</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig12"><div id="ch3.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Comparison%201.2.%20Hydrocortisone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20mortality%20prior%20to%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef12.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – mortality prior to discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – mortality prior to discharge</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig13"><div id="ch3.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Comparison%201.2.%20Hydrocortisone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20bronchopulmonary%20dysplasia%20at%2036%20weeks%20corrected%20gestational%20age.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef13.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig14"><div id="ch3.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2014.%20Comparison%201.2.%20Hydrocortisone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Neurodevelopmental.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef14.jpg" alt="Figure 14. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 14</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – Neurodevelopmental</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig15"><div id="ch3.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2015.%20Comparison%201.2.%20Hydrocortisone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20severe%20cognitive%20impairment%20at%2018%20months%20of%20age%20or%20older.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef15.jpg" alt="Figure 15. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 15</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig16"><div id="ch3.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2016.%20Comparison%201.2.%20Hydrocortisone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20moderate%20or%20severe%20cognitive%20impairment%20at%2018%20months%20of%20age%20or%20older.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef16.jpg" alt="Figure 16. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – moderate or severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 16</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – moderate or severe cognitive impairment at 18 months of age or older</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig17"><div id="ch3.appe.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2017.%20Comparison%201.2.%20Hydrocortisone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20gastro-intestinal%20perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef17.jpg" alt="Figure 17. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – gastro-intestinal perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 17</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – gastro-intestinal perforation</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig18"><div id="ch3.appe.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2018.%20Comparison%201.2.%20Hydrocortisone%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20hypertension.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef18.jpg" alt="Figure 18. Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – hypertension." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 18</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo – hypertension</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig19"><div id="ch3.appe.fig19" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2019.%20Comparison%203.1.%20Lower%20cumulative%20dose%20of%20dexamethasone%20versus%20higher%20cumulative%20dose%20of%20dexamethasone%20%02013%20mortality%20prior%20to%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef19.jpg" alt="Figure 19. Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone – mortality prior to discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 19</span><span class="title">Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone – mortality prior to discharge</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; Dex: dexamethasone; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig20"><div id="ch3.appe.fig20" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2020.%20Comparison%203.1.%20Lower%20cumulative%20dose%20of%20dexamethasone%20versus%20higher%20cumulative%20dose%20of%20dexamethasone%20%02013%20bronchopulmonary%20dysplasia%20at%2036%20weeks%20corrected%20gestational%20age.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef20.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef20.jpg" alt="Figure 20. Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 20</span><span class="title">Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; Dex: dexamethasone; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig21"><div id="ch3.appe.fig21" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2021.%20Comparison%203.1.%20Lower%20cumulative%20dose%20of%20dexamethasone%20versus%20higher%20cumulative%20dose%20of%20dexamethasone%20%02013%20gastro-intestinal%20perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef21.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef21.jpg" alt="Figure 21. Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone – gastro-intestinal perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 21</span><span class="title">Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone – gastro-intestinal perforation</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; Dex: dexamethasone; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig22"><div id="ch3.appe.fig22" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2022.%20Comparison%203.1.%20Lower%20cumulative%20dose%20of%20dexamethasone%20versus%20higher%20cumulative%20dose%20of%20dexamethasone%20-%20hypertension.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef22.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef22.jpg" alt="Figure 22. Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone - hypertension." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 22</span><span class="title">Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose of dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose of dexamethasone - hypertension</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; Dex: dexamethasone; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig23"><div id="ch3.appe.fig23" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2023.%20Comparison%204.1.%20Earlier%20initiation%20dexamethasone%20versus%20later%20initiation%20dexamethasone%20%02013%20mortality%20prior%20to%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef23.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef23.jpg" alt="Figure 23. Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – mortality prior to discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 23</span><span class="title">Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – mortality prior to discharge</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; Dex: dexamethasone; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig24"><div id="ch3.appe.fig24" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2024.%20Comparison%204.1.%20Earlier%20initiation%20dexamethasone%20versus%20later%20initiation%20dexamethasone%20%02013%20bronchopulmonary%20dysplasia%20at%2036%20weeks%20corrected%20gestational%20age.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef24.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef24.jpg" alt="Figure 24. Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 24</span><span class="title">Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; Dex: dexamethasone; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig25"><div id="ch3.appe.fig25" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2025.%20Comparison%204.1.%20Earlier%20initiation%20dexamethasone%20versus%20later%20initiation%20dexamethasone%20%02013%20bronchopulmonary%20dysplasia%20at%2028%20days%20of%20age.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef25.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef25.jpg" alt="Figure 25. Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 25</span><span class="title">Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; Dex: dexamethasone; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig26"><div id="ch3.appe.fig26" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2026.%20Comparison%204.1.%20Earlier%20initiation%20dexamethasone%20versus%20later%20initiation%20dexamethasone%20%02013%20hypertension.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef26.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef26.jpg" alt="Figure 26. Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – hypertension." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 26</span><span class="title">Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone – hypertension</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; Dex: dexamethasone; MD: mean difference; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; RR: risk ratio</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig27"><div id="ch3.appe.fig27" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2027.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Caffeine%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Mortality%20prior%20to%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef27.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef27.jpg" alt="Figure 27. Comparison 1: Caffeine versus placebo – Mortality prior to discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 27</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Caffeine versus placebo – Mortality prior to discharge</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig28"><div id="ch3.appe.fig28" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2028.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Caffeine%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Necrotising%20enterocolitis.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef28.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef28.jpg" alt="Figure 28. Comparison 1: Caffeine versus placebo – Necrotising enterocolitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 28</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Caffeine versus placebo – Necrotising enterocolitis</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig29"><div id="ch3.appe.fig29" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2029.%20Comparison%201.1%20Ibuprofen%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Mortality%20prior%20to%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef29.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef29.jpg" alt="Figure 29. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – Mortality prior to discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 29</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – Mortality prior to discharge</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig30"><div id="ch3.appe.fig30" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2030.%20Comparison%201.1%20Ibuprofen%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20BPD%20at%2036%20weeks%20postmenstrual%20age.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef30.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef30.jpg" alt="Figure 30. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 30</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig31"><div id="ch3.appe.fig31" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2031.%20Comparison%201.1%20Ibuprofen%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20BPD%20at%2028%20days%20of%20life.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef31.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef31.jpg" alt="Figure 31. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – BPD at 28 days of life." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 31</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – BPD at 28 days of life</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig32"><div id="ch3.appe.fig32" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2032.%20Comparison%201.1%20Ibuprofen%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20PDA%20required%20back-up%20treatment%20with%20indomethacin.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef32.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef32.jpg" alt="Figure 32. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – PDA required back-up treatment with indomethacin." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 32</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – PDA required back-up treatment with indomethacin</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig33"><div id="ch3.appe.fig33" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2033.%20Comparison%201.1%20Ibuprofen%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20PDA%20required%20surgical%20ligation.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef33.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef33.jpg" alt="Figure 33. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – PDA required surgical ligation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 33</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – PDA required surgical ligation</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig34"><div id="ch3.appe.fig34" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2034.%20Comparison%201.1%20Ibuprofen%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20PDA%20failed%20to%20close%20on%20day%203.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef34.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef34.jpg" alt="Figure 34. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – PDA failed to close on day 3." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 34</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – PDA failed to close on day 3</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig35"><div id="ch3.appe.fig35" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2035.%20Comparison%201.1%20Ibuprofen%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20Intestinal%20perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef35.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef35.jpg" alt="Figure 35. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – Intestinal perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 35</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – Intestinal perforation</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appefig36"><div id="ch3.appe.fig36" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2036.%20Comparison%201.1%20Ibuprofen%20versus%20placebo%20%02013%20NEC%20(any%20stage).&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appef36.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appef36.jpg" alt="Figure 36. Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – NEC (any stage)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 36</span><span class="title">Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo – NEC (any stage)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel; NEC: necrotising enterocolotis</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab1"><div id="ch3.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1.1. Dexamethasone versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dexamethasone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>219/1048</p>
|
|
<p>(20.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>218/1050</p>
|
|
<p>(20.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.85 to 1.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 31 fewer to 37 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>192/824</p>
|
|
<p>(23.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>180/807</p>
|
|
<p>(22.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.04 (0.87 to 1.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 more per 1000 (from 29 fewer to 56 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>27/224</p>
|
|
<p>(12.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38/243</p>
|
|
<p>(15.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.77 (0.49 to 1.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36 fewer per 1000 (from 80 fewer to 34 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>285/1090</p>
|
|
<p>(26.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>393/1076</p>
|
|
<p>(36.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.73 (0.64 to 0.82)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99 fewer per 1000 (from 66 fewer to 131 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>184/874</p>
|
|
<p>(21.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>255/857</p>
|
|
<p>(29.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.71 (0.61 to 0.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86 fewer per 1000 (from 48 fewer to 116 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>101/216</p>
|
|
<p>(46.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>138/219</p>
|
|
<p>(63%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.75 (0.63 to 0.88)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">158 fewer per 1000 (from 76 fewer to 233 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>465/838</p>
|
|
<p>(55.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>515/824</p>
|
|
<p>(62.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.88 (0.78 to 0.99)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 fewer per 1000 (from 6 fewer to 138 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>376/714</p>
|
|
<p>(52.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>407/696</p>
|
|
<p>(58.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.87 (0.74 to 1.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76 fewer per 1000 (from 152 fewer to 18 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>89/124</p>
|
|
<p>(71.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>108/128</p>
|
|
<p>(84.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.87 (0.71 to 1.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110 fewer per 1000 (from 245 fewer to 59 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral Palsy at 18 months or older of age</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75/334</p>
|
|
<p>(22.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46/313</p>
|
|
<p>(14.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.14 (0.63 to 2.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 more per 1000 (from 245 fewer to 59 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral Palsy at 18 months or older of age - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52/202</p>
|
|
<p>(25.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>27/193</p>
|
|
<p>(14%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.36 (0.45 to 4.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 more per 1000 (from 77 fewer to 439 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral Palsy at 18 months or older of age - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23/132</p>
|
|
<p>(17.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/120</p>
|
|
<p>(15.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.03 (0.56 to 1.88)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 more per 1000 (from 70 fewer to 139 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38/104</p>
|
|
<p>(36.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31/94</p>
|
|
<p>(33%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.1 (0.76 to 1.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 more per 1000 (from 79 fewer to 201 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales) - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>35/76</p>
|
|
<p>(46.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>25/68</p>
|
|
<p>(36.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.25 (0.84 to 1.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92 more per 1000 (from 59 fewer to 316 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales) - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/28</p>
|
|
<p>(10.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/26</p>
|
|
<p>(23.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.46 (0.13 to 1.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125 fewer per 1000 (from 201 fewer to 155 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe intellectual impairment (IQ <70 on validated scales)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/85</p>
|
|
<p>(15.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/77</p>
|
|
<p>(13%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.18 (0.54 to 2.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 more per 1000 (from 60 fewer to 201 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe intellectual impairment (IQ <70 on validated scales) - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/15</p>
|
|
<p>(13.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/15</p>
|
|
<p>(20%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.13 to 3.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66 fewer per 1000 (from 174 fewer to 488 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe intellectual impairment (IQ <70 on validated scales) - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/70</p>
|
|
<p>(15.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/62</p>
|
|
<p>(11.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.38 (0.57 to 3.37)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 more per 1000 (from 49 fewer to 268 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe psychomotor impairment (Bayley PSI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales) - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/74</p>
|
|
<p>(28.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/62</p>
|
|
<p>(35.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.8 (0.49 to 1.31)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71 fewer per 1000 (from 181 fewer to 110 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate or severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <85 or <-SD on validated scale) - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/27</p>
|
|
<p>(59.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/24</p>
|
|
<p>(50%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.19 (0.71 to 1.97)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95 more per 1000 (from 145 fewer to 485 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe deafness</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/261</p>
|
|
<p>(2.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/262</p>
|
|
<p>(3.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.77 (0.33 to 1.78)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 fewer per 1000 (from 26 fewer to 30 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe deafness - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/188</p>
|
|
<p>(2.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/189</p>
|
|
<p>(2.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.27 (0.42 to 3.9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 more per 1000 (from 12 fewer to 61 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe deafness - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/73</p>
|
|
<p>(2.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/73</p>
|
|
<p>(8.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.38 (0.1 to 1.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 fewer per 1000 (from 74 fewer to 45 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe blindness</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/273</p>
|
|
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/266</p>
|
|
<p>(1.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.58 (0.6 to 4.15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 more per 1000 (from 8 fewer to 59 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe blindness - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/188</p>
|
|
<p>(3.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/180</p>
|
|
<p>(1.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.51 (0.6 to 10.53)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 more per 1000 (from 4 fewer to 106 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe blindness - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/85</p>
|
|
<p>(3.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/86</p>
|
|
<p>(3.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.99 (0.25 to 3.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 26 fewer to 100 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger (Garland 1999) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n= 118</p>
|
|
<p>Median (range) 27 days (2 to 120)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=123</p>
|
|
<p>Median (range) 30 days (3 to 69)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 3 days less (p=0.20)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger (Romagnoli 1999) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 18.1 lower (27.68 to 8.52 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Early administration - 7 days or younger (Shinwell 19996) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 lower (2.27 to 1.73 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Early administration - 7 days or younger (Subhedar 1997) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=21</p>
|
|
<p>Median=23</p>
|
|
<p>Range= 6–44</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=21</p>
|
|
<p>Median=13</p>
|
|
<p>Range= 5–39</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 10 days more (p- not reported)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Early administration - 7 days or younger (Tapia 1998) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 5 lower (8.7 to 1.3 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger (Vermont Oxford Network Steroid Group 2001) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">273</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">269</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.5 lower (5.82 to 5.18 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Later administration - 8 days of age or older (Durand 1995) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=23</p>
|
|
<p>Median (range) 20 days</p>
|
|
<p>Range=17–33</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=20</p>
|
|
<p>Median (range) 35 days</p>
|
|
<p>Range=25–75</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 15 days less (p < 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_65_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Later administration - 8 days or older (Kari 1993) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=17</p>
|
|
<p>Median (range) 24 days</p>
|
|
<p>Range=20–40</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=24</p>
|
|
<p>Median (range) 40 days</p>
|
|
<p>Range= 22–50</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 0 days less (p- not significant)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_67_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Later administration - 8 days or older (Kothadia 1999) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=57</p>
|
|
<p>Median (range) 13 days (1 to 64)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=61</p>
|
|
<p>Median (range) 25 days (6 to 104)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 12 days less (p= 0.005)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_69_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Later administration - 8 days or older (Walther 2003) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 10 lower (32.56 lower to 12.56 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_71_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gastro-intestinal perforation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>63/645</p>
|
|
<p>(9.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37/645</p>
|
|
<p>(5.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.7 (1.15 to 2.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 more per 1000 (from 9 more to 87 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_73_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gastro-intestinal perforation - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>63/610</p>
|
|
<p>(10.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37/610</p>
|
|
<p>(6.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.7 (1.15 to 2.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42 more per 1000 (from 9 more to 92 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_75_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gastro-intestinal perforation - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/35</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/35</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.0 (-0.05 to 0.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 50 fewer to 50 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_77_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>223/921</p>
|
|
<p>(24.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120/901</p>
|
|
<p>(13.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.86 (1.55 to 2.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115 more per 1000 (from 73 more to 162 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_79_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>207/770</p>
|
|
<p>(26.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>115/739</p>
|
|
<p>(15.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.78 (1.49 to 2.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121 more per 1000 (from 76 more to 177 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_81_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/151</p>
|
|
<p>(10.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/162</p>
|
|
<p>(3.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.69 (1.43 to 9.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83 more per 1000 (from 13 more to 262 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab1_1_1_83_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; IQ: intelligence quotient; MD: mean difference; MDI; mental development index; PDI: psychomotor development index; RD: risk difference; RR: relative risk; SD: standard deviation</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 1 as the 95% CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because of of heterogeneity (I2=52% for the overall analysis); random effects model used; subgroup analysis done according to early versus late administration but heterogeneity remained in the early administration group (I2=79%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 1 as there was uncertainty around the timeframe for outcome assessment (follow-up papers were not available for assessment and precise timeframes were not documented in the systematic reviews by Doyle 2014a and 2014b)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab1_4"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 as the 95% CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab1_5"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 as imprecision was not calculable because the data were reported as medians available</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab1_6"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 as the confidence interval of the risk difference includes appreciable harm and benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab1_7"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because of of heterogeneity (I2=55% for the overall analysis); random effects model used; subgroup analysis done according to early versus late administration but heterogeneity remained: (I2=60% for early and I2=63% for late administration).</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab2"><div id="ch3.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1.2. Hydrocortisone versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hydrocortisone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>96/536</p>
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<p>(17.9%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>123/549</p>
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<p>(22.4%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.80 (0.63 to 1.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 fewer per 1000 (from 83 fewer to 4 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>88/505</p>
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<p>(17.4%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>115/516</p>
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<p>(22.3%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.78 (0.61 to 1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49 fewer per 1000 (from 87 fewer to 0 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>8/31</p>
|
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<p>(25.8%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>8/33</p>
|
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<p>(24.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.06 (0.46 to 2.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 more per 1000 (from 131 fewer to 361 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>183/536</p>
|
|
<p>(34.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>211/550</p>
|
|
<p>(38.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.89 (0.76 to 1.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42 fewer per 1000 (from 92 fewer to 12 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>163/505</p>
|
|
<p>(32.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>191/517</p>
|
|
<p>(36.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.87 (0.74 to 1.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 fewer per 1000 (from 96 fewer to 7 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/31</p>
|
|
<p>(64.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/33</p>
|
|
<p>(60.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.06 (0.73 to 1.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36 more per 1000 (from 164 fewer to 339 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral Palsy at 18 months of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36/401</p>
|
|
<p>(9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33/388</p>
|
|
<p>(8.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.06 (0.68 to 1.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 more per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 56 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral Palsy at 18 months of age or older - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33/381</p>
|
|
<p>(8.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>32/371</p>
|
|
<p>(8.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.01 (0.64 to 1.6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 more per 1000 (from 31 fewer to 52 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral Palsy at 18 months of age or older - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/20</p>
|
|
<p>(15%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/17</p>
|
|
<p>(5.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.55 (0.29 to 22.31)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91 more per 1000 (from 42 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales) - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36/149</p>
|
|
<p>(24.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>48/148</p>
|
|
<p>(32.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.75 (0.52 to 1.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 fewer per 1000 (from 156 fewer to 23 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe intellectual impairment (IQ <70 on validated scales) - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/17</p>
|
|
<p>(11.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/17</p>
|
|
<p>(5.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.00 (0.2 to 20.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59 more per 1000 (from 47 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe psychomotor impairment (Bayley PSI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales) - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33/126</p>
|
|
<p>(26.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29/126</p>
|
|
<p>(23%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.14 (0.74 to 1.76)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 more per 1000 (from 60 fewer to 175 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate or severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <85 or <-SD on validated scale)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/177</p>
|
|
<p>(6.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/163</p>
|
|
<p>(11.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.53 (0.27 to 1.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 fewer per 1000 (from 85 fewer to 6 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate or severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <85 or <-SD on validated scale) - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/158</p>
|
|
<p>(4.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/146</p>
|
|
<p>(7.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.59 (0.23 to 1.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 fewer per 1000 (from 58 fewer to 36 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate or severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <85 or <-SD on validated scale) - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/19</p>
|
|
<p>(21.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/17</p>
|
|
<p>(47.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.45 (0.16 to 1.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">259 fewer per 1000 (from 395 fewer to 104 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate or severe language impairment (Bayley LDI <85 or <-SD on validated scale) - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/18</p>
|
|
<p>(50%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/17</p>
|
|
<p>(58.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.85 (0.46 to 1.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88 fewer per 1000 (from 318 fewer to 329 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI 70–84 or −1 to −2SD on other validated scales) - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/23</p>
|
|
<p>(21.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/22</p>
|
|
<p>(4.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.78 (0.61 to 37.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">172 more per 1000 (from 18 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe deafness - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/204</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/193</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.00 (-0.01 to 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 10 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe blindness</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/224</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/210</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.00 (-0.02 to 0.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 20 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe blindness - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/204</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/193</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.00 (-0.01 to 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 10 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe blindness - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/20</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/17</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.00 (-0.01 to 0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 10 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger (Bosante 2007) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=25</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 4 days (2 to 21)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=25</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 15 days (2 to 27)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 0 days difference (p- not significant)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Early administration - 7 days or younger (Watterberg 1999) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=17</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 25 days (14 to 34)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=17</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 32 days (11 to 45)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 0 days difference (p=0.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger (Watterberg 2004) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=149</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 32 days (13 to 54)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=148</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 35 days (17 to 47)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 3 days less (p=0.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation - Later administration - 8 days of age or older (Parikh 2013) (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>10</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.8 higher (5.04 lower to 10.64 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gastro-intestinal perforation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/356</p>
|
|
<p>(6.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/370</p>
|
|
<p>(3.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.71 (0.89 to 3.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 more per 1000 (from 4 fewer to 80 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gastro-intestinal perforation - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/325</p>
|
|
<p>(6.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/337</p>
|
|
<p>(3.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.57 (0.8 to 3.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 more per 1000 (from 8 fewer to 80 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gastro-intestinal perforation - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/31</p>
|
|
<p>(6.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/33</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.31 (0.27 to 106.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/56</p>
|
|
<p>(35.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/58</p>
|
|
<p>(24.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.51 (0.89 to 2.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123 more per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 374 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension - Early administration - 7 days of age or younger</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/25</p>
|
|
<p>(12%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/25</p>
|
|
<p>(4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3 (0.33 to 26.92)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80 more per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension - Later administration - 8 days of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/31</p>
|
|
<p>(54.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/33</p>
|
|
<p>(39.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.39 (0.82 to 2.37)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">154 more per 1000 (from 71 fewer to 540 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab2_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; IQ: intelligence quotient; LDI: language development index; MD: mean difference; MDI; mental development index; PDI: psychomotor development index; RD: risk difference; RR: relative risk; SD: standard deviation</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 as the 95% CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 2 as the 95% CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 1 as only 65% of the infants were followed-up for cerebral palsy assessment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab2_4"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because only 76% and 73% of infants were followed-up in the hydrocortisone and placebo group, respectively for cognitive assessment with RBL tool in Baud 2017, and only 63% infants were followed-up for cognitive assessment in Parikh 2015</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab2_5"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because only 63% infants were followed-up for cognitive assessment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab2_6"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because only 61% of infants were followed-up for language assessment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab2_7"><p class="no_margin">Imprecision was not calculable because there were zero events in both intervention groups</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab2_8"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because there was uncertainty around how many infants were followed up for visual assessments</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab2_9"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 as imprecision was not calculable because the data were reported as medians</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab2_10"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 as the days on ventilation included invasive and non-invasive ventilation</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab3"><div id="ch3.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1.3. Budesonide versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Budesonide</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>8/13</p>
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<p>(61.5%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>11/14</p>
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<p>(78.6%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.78 (0.47 to 1.3)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173 fewer per 1000 (from 416 fewer to 236 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>13/13</p>
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<p>(100%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>14/14</p>
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<p>(100%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.87 to 1.15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 130 fewer to 150 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Total days on invasive ventilation (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>n=13</p>
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<p>Median (range) 11 days (1 to 40)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>n=14</p>
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<p>Median (range) 14 days (1 to 38)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 1 day less (p not significant)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; RR: relative risk; SD: standard deviation</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 due to unclear randomisation and allocation concealment.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 as the 95% CI crosses 2 MID</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 as imprecision was not calculable because data were reported as medians</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab4"><div id="ch3.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 3.1. Lower cumulative dose dexamethasone versus higher cumulative dose dexamethasone</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lower dose dexamethasone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Higher dose dexamethasone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2/57</p>
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<p>(3.5%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>3/52</p>
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<p>(5.8%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.61 (0.11 to 3.47)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 fewer per 1000 (from 51 fewer to 142 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>10/57</p>
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<p>(17.5%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>8/52</p>
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<p>(15.4%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.13 (0.48 to 2.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 more per 1000 (from 80 fewer to 251 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral Palsy at 18 months of age or older</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2/18</p>
|
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<p>(11.1%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>2/18</p>
|
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<p>(11.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.16 to 6.35)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 93 fewer to 594 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/24</p>
|
|
<p>(12.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/23</p>
|
|
<p>(17.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.72 (0.18 to 2.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49 fewer per 1000 (from 143 fewer to 325 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe blindness</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/24</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/23</p>
|
|
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.32 (0.01 to 6.1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 fewer per 1000 (from 43 fewer to 222 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.1 lower (14.2 lower to 12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gastro-intestinal perforation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/57</p>
|
|
<p>(3.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/52</p>
|
|
<p>(3.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.92 (0.13 to 6.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 fewer per 1000 (from 33 fewer to 203 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/57</p>
|
|
<p>(7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>9/52</p>
|
|
<p>(17.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.4 (0.13 to 1.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104 fewer per 1000 (from 151 fewer to 38 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; MDI; mental development index; RR: relative risk</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 2 as the 95% CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 as there was uncertainty around the timeframe of cerebral palsy assessment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 as the 95% CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab5"><div id="ch3.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 3.2. Individual tailored course dexamethasone versus continuous tapered course dexamethasone</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual tailored dexamethasone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Continuous tapered dexamethasone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/17</p>
|
|
<p>(29.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/16</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.18 (0.38 to 3.62)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 more per 1000 (from 155 fewer to 655 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/17</p>
|
|
<p>(52.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/16</p>
|
|
<p>(50%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.06 (0.55 to 2.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 more per 1000 (from 225 fewer to 530 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/17</p>
|
|
<p>(82.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/16</p>
|
|
<p>(93.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.88 (0.68 to 1.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113 fewer per 1000 (from 300 fewer to 122 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Days on invasive ventilation (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.5 higher (2.2 to 12.8 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gastro-intestinal perforation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/17</p>
|
|
<p>(52.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/16</p>
|
|
<p>(50%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.06 (0.55 to 2.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 more per 1000 (from 225 fewer to 530 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/17</p>
|
|
<p>(52.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/16</p>
|
|
<p>(50%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.06 (0.55 to 2.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 more per 1000 (from 225 fewer to 530 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; RR: relative risk</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 2 as the 95% CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 1 as the 95% CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab6"><div id="ch3.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 4.1. Earlier initiation dexamethasone versus later initiation dexamethasone</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Earlier administration dexamethasone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Later administration dexamethasone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>65/356</p>
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<p>(18.3%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>67/376</p>
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<p>(17.8%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.05 (0.77 to 1.41)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 more per 1000 (from 41 fewer to 73 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - Early initiation vs moderate initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>48/174</p>
|
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<p>(27.6%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>41/187</p>
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<p>(21.9%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.29 (0.9 to 1.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64 more per 1000 (from 22 fewer to 184 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - Moderate initiation vs late initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>17/182</p>
|
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<p>(9.3%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>26/189</p>
|
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<p>(13.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.68 (0.38 to 1.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 fewer per 1000 (from 85 fewer to 29 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age - Early initiation vs moderate initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>45/174</p>
|
|
<p>(25.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65/187</p>
|
|
<p>(34.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.74 (0.57 to 0.97)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90 fewer per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 149 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks corrected gestational age - Moderate initiation vs late initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>121/182</p>
|
|
<p>(66.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>127/189</p>
|
|
<p>(67.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.99 (0.88 to 1.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 fewer per 1000 (from 81 fewer to 81 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>237/356</p>
|
|
<p>(66.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>276/376</p>
|
|
<p>(73.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.9 (0.82 to 0.99)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73 fewer per 1000 (from 7 fewer to 132 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age - Early initiation vs moderate initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>96/174</p>
|
|
<p>(55.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>108/187</p>
|
|
<p>(57.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.96 (0.8 to 1.15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 fewer per 1000 (from 116 fewer to 87 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age - Moderate initiation vs late initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>141/182</p>
|
|
<p>(77.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>168/189</p>
|
|
<p>(88.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.87 (0.79 to 0.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116 fewer per 1000 (from 36 fewer to 187 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral Palsy at 18 months of age or older - Early initiation vs moderate initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/22</p>
|
|
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/34</p>
|
|
<p>(17.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.52 (0.11 to 2.33)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85 fewer per 1000 (from 157 fewer to 235 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI <70 or <-2SD on other validated scales) - Early initiation vs moderate initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/24</p>
|
|
<p>(8.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/37</p>
|
|
<p>(10.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.77 (0.15 to 3.89)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 fewer per 1000 (from 92 fewer to 312 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate cognitive impairment (Bayley MDI 70–84 or −1 to −2SD on other validated scales) - Early initiation vs moderate initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/24</p>
|
|
<p>(4.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/37</p>
|
|
<p>(2.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.54 (0.1 to 23.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 more per 1000 (from 24 fewer to 608 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe deafness - Early initiations vs moderate initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/24</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/37</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.00 (-0.07 to 0.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 70 fewer to 70 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe blindness - Early initiation vs moderate initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/24</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/37</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.00 (-0.07 to 0.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 70 fewer to 70 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gastro-intestinal perforation - Early initiation vs moderate initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/135</p>
|
|
<p>(4.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/150</p>
|
|
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.33 (0.42 to 4.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 more per 1000 (from 19 fewer to 109 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42/356</p>
|
|
<p>(11.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>45/376</p>
|
|
<p>(12%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.01 (0.68 to 1.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 more per 1000 (from 38 fewer to 57 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension - Early initiation vs moderate initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>25/174</p>
|
|
<p>(14.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/187</p>
|
|
<p>(11.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.26 (0.75 to 2.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 more per 1000 (from 29 fewer to 133 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hypertension - Moderate initiation vs late initiation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/182</p>
|
|
<p>(9.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23/189</p>
|
|
<p>(12.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.77 (0.42 to 1.39)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 fewer per 1000 (from 71 fewer to 47 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab6_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; MDI; mental development index; RD risk difference; RR: relative risk</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the 95% CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the 95% CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the 95% CI of the absolute effect includes appreciable benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab7"><div id="ch3.appf.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1.1 Chlorothiazide plus spironolactone versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chlorothiazide plus Spironolactone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nephrocalcinosis (1 year PMA)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/22</p>
|
|
<p>(31.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/21</p>
|
|
<p>(23.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.34 (0.5 to 3.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 more per 1000 (from 119 fewer to 610 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hearing loss (1 year PMA)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/22</p>
|
|
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/21</p>
|
|
<p>(4.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.91 (0.19 to 19.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 more per 1000 (from 39 fewer to 882 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Supplemental electrolytes</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/22</p>
|
|
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/21</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.78 (0.24 to 94.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; MID: minimal important difference; PMA: Post-menstrual age; RR: Relative risk;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 1 because of incomplete outcome data, and it was unclear if there was any bias in the random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding of participants or personnel.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 1 because the study period was from June 1989 to June 1992</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab7_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the 95% CI crosses 2 default MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab7_4"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 2 because the study period was from June 1989 to June 1992 and supplemental electrolytes may include sodium or potassium</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab8"><div id="ch3.appf.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Clinial evidence profile: comparison 2.1 Furosemide versus other diuretic(s)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furosemide</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other diuretics</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hyponatraemia – rate per 1000 infant days (measured with: < 125 mmol/L; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36759</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2598</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.1 lower per 1000 infant days (CI not reported)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe hyponatraemia – rate per 1000 infant days (measured with: < 115 mmol/L; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36759</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2598</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0 lower per 1000 infant days (CI not reported)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; PMA: Post-menstrual age; RR: Relative risk;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Baseline differences between furosemide group and other diuretics group not controlled for in the analysis</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Not possible to assess imprecision as SDs or P-values were not reported</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab9"><div id="ch3.appf.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: comparison 3.1 Chlorothiazide plus spironolactone versus chlorothiazide</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chlorothiazide plus Spironolactone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chlorothiazide</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hyponatraemia (sodium supplementation required)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>11/17</p>
|
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<p>(64.7%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>7/16</p>
|
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<p>(43.8%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.48 (0.77 to 2.85)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">210 more per 1000 (from 101 fewer to 809 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; MID: minimal important difference; RR: Relative risk</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the 95% CI crosses 2 default MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab10"><div id="ch3.appf.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1 – Caffeine versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caffeine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge, Infants 23–30<sup>+6</sup> weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>61/1047</p>
|
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<p>(5.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>60/1042</p>
|
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<p>(5.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.01 (0.72 to 1.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 more per 1000 (from 16 fewer to 25 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age or 28 days of life, Infants 23–30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/41</p>
|
|
<p>(36.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/42</p>
|
|
<p>(47.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.77 (0.46 to 1.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110 fewer per 1000 (from 257 fewer to 133 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>350/1006</p>
|
|
<p>(34.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>447/1000</p>
|
|
<p>(44.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.78 (0.7 to 0.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98 fewer per 1000 (from 58 fewer to 134 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy, Infants < 31 weeks - 18–21 months follow up, All infants</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>40/909</p>
|
|
<p>(4.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>66/901</p>
|
|
<p>(7.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.6 (0.41 to 0.88)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 fewer per 1000 (from 9 fewer to 43 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy - 18–21 months follow up, Respiratory indications - Pre-extubation, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/305</p>
|
|
<p>(6.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>39/339</p>
|
|
<p>(11.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.54 (0.32 to 0.92)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 fewer per 1000 (from 9 fewer to 78 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy - 18–21 months follow up, Respiratory indications - Apnoea treatment, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/388</p>
|
|
<p>(2.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18/361</p>
|
|
<p>(5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.57 (0.27 to 1.19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 fewer per 1000 (from 36 fewer to 9 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy - 18–21 months follow up, Respiratory indications - Apnoea prophylaxis, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/215</p>
|
|
<p>(4.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/200</p>
|
|
<p>(4.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.03 (0.43 to 2.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 more per 1000 (from 26 fewer to 67 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy - 18–21 months follow up, Respiratory support - No PPV, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/168</p>
|
|
<p>(1.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/138</p>
|
|
<p>(2.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.62 (0.14 to 2.71)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 fewer per 1000 (from 25 fewer to 50 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy - 18–21 months follow up, Respiratory support - Non-invasive ventilation, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/273</p>
|
|
<p>(2.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/274</p>
|
|
<p>(4.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.28 to 1.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 fewer per 1000 (from 32 fewer to 27 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy - 18–21 months follow up, Respiratory support - Endotracheal tube, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29/468</p>
|
|
<p>(6.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>49/488</p>
|
|
<p>(10%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.62 (0.4 to 0.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 fewer per 1000 (from 4 fewer to 60 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy - 5 year follow up, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28/735</p>
|
|
<p>(3.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>34/698</p>
|
|
<p>(4.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.78 (0.48 to 1.28)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 fewer per 1000 (from 25 fewer to 14 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy - 11 year follow up, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/484</p>
|
|
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29/484</p>
|
|
<p>(6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.72 (0.42 to 1.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 fewer per 1000 (from 35 fewer to 15 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment - 18–21 months follow up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II, All infants</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>293/867</p>
|
|
<p>(33.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>329/858</p>
|
|
<p>(38.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.88 (0.78 to 1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 fewer per 1000 (from 84 fewer to 0 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment - 18–21 months follow up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II (Respiratory indications - Pre-extubation), Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105/285</p>
|
|
<p>(36.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>145/327</p>
|
|
<p>(44.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.83 (0.68 to 1.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 fewer per 1000 (from 142 fewer to 4 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment - 18–21 months follow up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II (Respiratory indications - Apnoea treatment), Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>110/374</p>
|
|
<p>(29.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>117/341</p>
|
|
<p>(34.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.86 (0.69 to 1.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 fewer per 1000 (from 106 fewer to 21 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment - 18–21 months follow up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II (Respiratory indications - Apnoea prophylaxis), Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>78/207</p>
|
|
<p>(37.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>66/189</p>
|
|
<p>(34.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.08 (0.83 to 1.4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 more per 1000 (from 59 fewer to 140 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment - 18–21 months follow up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II (Respiratory support - No PPV), Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>55/162</p>
|
|
<p>(34%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33/129</p>
|
|
<p>(25.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.33 (0.92 to 1.91)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 233 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment - 18–21 months follow up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II (Respiratory support - Non-invasive ventilation), Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>77/263</p>
|
|
<p>(29.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>91/260</p>
|
|
<p>(35%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.84 (0.65 to 1.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 fewer per 1000 (from 123 fewer to 25 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment - 18–21 months follow up, MDI score < 85 on the BSID-II (Respiratory support - Endotracheal tube), Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>161/442</p>
|
|
<p>(36.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>204/468</p>
|
|
<p>(43.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.84 (0.71 to 0.98)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70 fewer per 1000 (from 9 fewer to 126 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment - 5 year follow up - Full Scale IQ < 70 on Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38/768</p>
|
|
<p>(4.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38/750</p>
|
|
<p>(5.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.98 (0.63 to 1.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 fewer per 1000 (from 19 fewer to 26 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment - 11 year follow up - Full scale IQ < 85 Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-II, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76/392</p>
|
|
<p>(19.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86/393</p>
|
|
<p>(21.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.89 (0.67 to 1.17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 fewer per 100 (from 72 fewer to 37 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Deafness - 18–21 months follow up, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/909</p>
|
|
<p>(1.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/905</p>
|
|
<p>(2.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.77 (0.41 to 1.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 fewer per 1000 (from 14 fewer to 11 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Deafness - 5 years follow up, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/798</p>
|
|
<p>(2.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>25/773</p>
|
|
<p>(3.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.85 (0.48 to 1.5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 fewer per 1000 (from 17 fewer to 16 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Deafness - 11 years follow up, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/484</p>
|
|
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/484</p>
|
|
<p>(2.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.23 (0.6 to 2.53)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 more per 1000 (from 11 fewer to 41 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Blindness - 18–21 months follow up, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/911</p>
|
|
<p>(0.66%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/905</p>
|
|
<p>(0.88%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.75 (0.26 to 2.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 fewer per 1000 (from 7 fewer to 10 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Blindness - 5 years follow up, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/792</p>
|
|
<p>(0.88%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/763</p>
|
|
<p>(0.92%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.96 (0.34 to 2.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 6 fewer to 16 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Blindness - 11 years follow up, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/484</p>
|
|
<p>(0.83%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/484</p>
|
|
<p>(2.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.31 (0.1 to 0.94)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 fewer per 1000 (from 2 fewer to 24 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Extubation failure, Infants 23–30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/41</p>
|
|
<p>(19.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/42</p>
|
|
<p>(19%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.02 (0.42 to 2.47)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 more per 1000 (from 110 fewer to 280 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis, Infants 23–30+6 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70/1047</p>
|
|
<p>(6.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>69/1042</p>
|
|
<p>(6.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.01 (0.73 to 1.39)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 more per 1000 (from 18 fewer to 26 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab10_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BSID-II: Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II; IQ: Intelligence Quotient; MDI: Mental Development Index; PPV: positive pressure ventilation; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because of high attrition at 5-year follow-up (29%) and 11-year follow-up (54%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab10_4"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 due to suspected heterogeneity (I-squared=66%)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab11"><div id="ch3.appf.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 2 – Lower dose caffeine versus higher dose caffeine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lower dose caffeine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Higher dose caffeine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - 5mg/kg versus 20 mg/kg (All respiratory indications), Infants < 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/126</p>
|
|
<p>(5.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/120</p>
|
|
<p>(4.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.33 (0.44 to 4.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 more per 1000 (from 23 fewer to 129 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - 5mg/kg versus 20 mg/kg (Respiratory indication - Peri-extubation), Infants < 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/121</p>
|
|
<p>(5.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/113</p>
|
|
<p>(4.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.31 (0.43 to 4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 more per 1000 (from 25 fewer to 133 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - 20mg/kg versus 80mg/kg, Infants ≤ 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/37</p>
|
|
<p>(13.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/37</p>
|
|
<p>(18.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.71 (0.25 to 2.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 fewer per 1000 (from 142 fewer to 199 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age - 5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg - (Respiratory indication - peri-extubation), Infants < 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>51/121</p>
|
|
<p>(42.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33/113</p>
|
|
<p>(29.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.44 (1.01 to 2.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128 more per 1000 (from 3 more to 310 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age - 5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg - (All respiratory indications), Infants < 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52/126</p>
|
|
<p>(41.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>35/120</p>
|
|
<p>(29.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.41 (1 to 2)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 more per 1000 (from 0 more to 292 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age - 20mg/kg versus 80mg/kg - Infants ≤ 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/37</p>
|
|
<p>(51.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18/37</p>
|
|
<p>(48.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.06 (0.67 to 1.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 more per 1000 (from 161 fewer to 326 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age- 5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg - (Respiratory indication- peri-extubation), Infants < 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80/121</p>
|
|
<p>(66.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64/113</p>
|
|
<p>(56.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.17 (0.95 to 1.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96 more per 1000 (from 28 fewer to 244 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Continued apnoea (number of documented periods) - 5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg (All respiratory indications), Infants < 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=126</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 6 periods (2 to 20)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=120</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 4 periods (1 to 12)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 2 more periods (p=0.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Continued apnoea (number of documented periods) - 5mg/kg versus 20 mg/kg (Respiratory indication - Peri-extubation), Infants < 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=121</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 7 periods (2 to 22)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=113</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 4 periods (1 to 12)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 3 more periods (p<0.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Extubation failure - 3mg/kg versus 15mg/kg, Infants < 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/42</p>
|
|
<p>(45.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/40</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.81 (0.96 to 3.4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">202 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 600 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Extubation failure - 3mg/kg versus 30mg/k, Infants < 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/42</p>
|
|
<p>(45.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/45</p>
|
|
<p>(24.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.85 (1 to 3.41)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">208 more per 1000 (from 0 more to 589 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Extubation failure - 15mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, Infants < 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/40</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/45</p>
|
|
<p>(24.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.02 (0.49 to 2.15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 more per 1000 (from 125 fewer to 281 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Extubation failure - 5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg (Respiratory indication - peri-extubation), Infants < 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36/121</p>
|
|
<p>(29.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/113</p>
|
|
<p>(15%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.98 (1.18 to 3.32)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">147 more per 1000 (from 27 more to 349 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia - 3mg/kg versus 15mg/kg, Infants < 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/42</p>
|
|
<p>(2.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/40</p>
|
|
<p>(12.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.19 (0.02 to 1.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101 fewer per 1000 (from 123 fewer to 70 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia - 3mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, Infants < 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/42</p>
|
|
<p>(4.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/45</p>
|
|
<p>(17.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.27 (0.06 to 1.19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130 fewer per 1000 (from 167 fewer to 34 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia - 15mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, Infants < 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/40</p>
|
|
<p>(12.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/45</p>
|
|
<p>(17.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.7 (0.25 to 1.98)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 fewer per 1000 (from 133 fewer to 174 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tachycardia - 5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg (Respiratory indication - peri-extubation), Infants < 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/121</p>
|
|
<p>(0.83%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/113</p>
|
|
<p>(3.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.23 (0.03 to 2.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 fewer per 1000 (from 34 fewer to 38 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis - 3mg/kg versus 15mg/kg, Infants < 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/42</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/40</p>
|
|
<p>(5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.19 (0.01 to 3.85)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 fewer per 1000 (from 49 fewer to 142 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis - 3mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, Infants < 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/42</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/45</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.0 (-0.04 to 0.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 40 fewer to 40 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis - 15mg/kg versus 30mg/kg, Infants < 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/40</p>
|
|
<p>(5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/45</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.61 (0.28 to 113.47)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 more per 1000 (from 4 fewer to 562 more)<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis - 5mg/kg versus 20mg/kg (Respiratory indication - peri-extubation), Infants < 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/121</p>
|
|
<p>(4.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/113</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 10.28 (0.57 to 183.8)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 more per 1000 (from 2 fewer to 914 more)<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis - 20mg/kg versus 80mg/kg, Infants ≤ 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/37</p>
|
|
<p>(13.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/37</p>
|
|
<p>(16.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.83 (0.28 to 2.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 fewer per 1000 (from 117 fewer to 242 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab11_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">IQR: interquartile range; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 due to unclear random sequence generation and allocation concealment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 – imprecision was not assessable due to results being presented as medians</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab11_5"><p class="no_margin">Not assessable due to 0 events in both treatment arms</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab11_6"><p class="no_margin">Control event rate was 0% so absolute values were calculated using an assumed baseline risk of 0.5%.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab12"><div id="ch3.appf.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 21</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 3 – Earlier administration of caffeine versus later administration of caffeine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Early administration of caffeine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Later administration of caffeine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - Administration at < 2 days versus ≥ 2 days, Infants ≤ 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/143</p>
|
|
<p>(8.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/143</p>
|
|
<p>(8.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.46 to 2.15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 45 fewer to 97 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - Administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>659/14535</p>
|
|
<p>(4.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>542/14535</p>
|
|
<p>(3.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.22 (1.09 to 1.36)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 more per 1000 (from 3 more to 13 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - Administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>217/3806</p>
|
|
<p>(5.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75/1295</p>
|
|
<p>(5.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.98 (0.76 to 1.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 fewer per 1000 (from 14 fewer to 16 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge - Administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>188/1986</p>
|
|
<p>(9.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>79/965</p>
|
|
<p>(8.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.16 (0.9 to 1.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 more per 1000 (from 8 fewer to 40 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age - Administration at < 2 days versus ≥ 2 days, Infants ≤ 32 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>43/143</p>
|
|
<p>(30.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>49/143</p>
|
|
<p>(34.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.88 (0.63 to 1.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 fewer per 1000 (from 127 fewer to 79 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age - Administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>999/3806</p>
|
|
<p>(26.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>340/1295</p>
|
|
<p>(26.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.9 to 1.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 26 fewer to 29 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age - Administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>716/1986</p>
|
|
<p>(36.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>451/965</p>
|
|
<p>(46.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.77 (0.71 to 0.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107 fewer per 1000 (from 75 fewer to 136 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age or 28 days of age - Administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3070/14535</p>
|
|
<p>(21.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4154/14535</p>
|
|
<p>(28.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.74 (0.71 to 0.77)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74 fewer per 1000 (from 66 fewer to 83 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days of age - Administration at < 3 days versus ≥ 3 days, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1535/3806</p>
|
|
<p>(40.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>502/1295</p>
|
|
<p>(38.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.04 (0.96 to 1.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 more per 1000 (from 16 fewer to 50 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis - NEC any stage</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1219/14535</p>
|
|
<p>(8.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1187/14535</p>
|
|
<p>(8.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.03 (0.95 to 1.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 more per 1000 (from 4 fewer to 9 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis - NEC any stage</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>144/1986</p>
|
|
<p>(7.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>57/965</p>
|
|
<p>(5.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.23 (0.91 to 1.65)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 more per 1000 (from 5 fewer to 38 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis - NEC stage ≥ 2, Infants < 31 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>240/3806</p>
|
|
<p>(6.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>78/1295</p>
|
|
<p>(6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.05 (0.82 to 1.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 more per 1000 (from 11 fewer to 20 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab12_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab13"><div id="ch3.appf.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 4 – Shorter duration caffeine versus longer duration caffeine</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shorter duration</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Longer duration</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age, Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus ICC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>71/122</p>
|
|
<p>(58.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>34/92</p>
|
|
<p>(37%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.57 (1.16 to 2.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">211 more per 1000 (from 59 more to 421 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age, Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>71/122</p>
|
|
<p>(58.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81/165</p>
|
|
<p>(49.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.19 (0.95 to 1.47)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93 more per 1000 (from 25 fewer to 231 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age, Infants < 30 weeks - ICC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>34/92</p>
|
|
<p>(37%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>82/165</p>
|
|
<p>(49.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.74 (0.55 to 1.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129 fewer per 1000 (from 224 fewer to 5 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy, 3 year follow up - Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus ICC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/138</p>
|
|
<p>(3.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/140</p>
|
|
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.85 (0.26 to 2.71)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 fewer per 1000 (from 32 fewer to 73 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy, 3 year follow up - Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/138</p>
|
|
<p>(3.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/149</p>
|
|
<p>(2.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.35 (0.37 to 4.92)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 more per 1000 (from 17 fewer to 105 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cerebral palsy, 3 year follow up - Infants < 30 weeks - ICC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/140</p>
|
|
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/149</p>
|
|
<p>(2.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.6 (0.46 to 5.54)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 more per 1000 (from 14 fewer to 122 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate cognitive impairment, 3 year follow up - Full scale IQ 1–2 SD below the mean, Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus ICC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/130</p>
|
|
<p>(10.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/133</p>
|
|
<p>(12.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.84 (0.43 to 1.64)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 fewer per 1000 (from 73 fewer to 82 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate cognitive impairment, 3 year follow up - Full scale IQ 1–2 SD below the mean, Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/130</p>
|
|
<p>(10.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/139</p>
|
|
<p>(14.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.75 (0.39 to 1.42)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36 fewer per 1000 (from 88 fewer to 60 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate cognitive impairment, 3 year follow up - Full scale IQ 1–2 SD below the mean, Infants < 30 weeks - ICC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/133</p>
|
|
<p>(12.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/139</p>
|
|
<p>(14.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.89 (0.49 to 1.62)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 fewer per 1000 (from 73 fewer to 89 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment, 3 year follow up - Full scale IQ > 2 SD below the mean, Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus ICC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/130</p>
|
|
<p>(1.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/133</p>
|
|
<p>(5.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.29 (0.06 to 1.38)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37 fewer per 1000 (from 49 fewer to 20 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment, 3 year follow up - Full scale IQ > 2 SD below the mean, Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/130</p>
|
|
<p>(1.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/139</p>
|
|
<p>(0.72%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.14 (0.2 to 23.3)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 more per 1000 (from 6 fewer to 160 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe cognitive impairment, 3 year follow up - Full scale IQ > 2 SD below the mean, Infants < 30 weeks - ICC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/133</p>
|
|
<p>(5.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/139</p>
|
|
<p>(0.72%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 7.32 (0.91 to 58.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 more per 1000 (from 1 fewer to 415 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Deafness, 3 year follow up - Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus ICC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/134</p>
|
|
<p>(1.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/135</p>
|
|
<p>(2.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.11 to 3.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 66 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Deafness, 3 year follow up - Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/134</p>
|
|
<p>(1.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/147</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.19 (0.2 to 23.92)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 more per 1000 (from 5 fewer to 156 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Deafness, 3 year follow up - Infants < 30 weeks - ICC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/135</p>
|
|
<p>(2.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/147</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.27 (0.34 to 31.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 more per 1000 (from 4 fewer to 204 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Blindness, 3 year follow up - Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus ICC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/137</p>
|
|
<p>(2.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/141</p>
|
|
<p>(3.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.62 (0.15 to 2.53)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 fewer per 1000 (from 30 fewer to 54 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Blindness, 3 year follow up - Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/137</p>
|
|
<p>(2.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/148</p>
|
|
<p>(3.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.65 (0.16 to 2.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 fewer per 1000 (from 28 fewer to 56 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Blindness, 3 year follow up - Infants < 30 weeks - ICC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/141</p>
|
|
<p>(3.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/148</p>
|
|
<p>(3.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.05 (0.31 to 3.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 more per 1000 (from 23 fewer to 86 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis, Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus ICC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/139</p>
|
|
<p>(13.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/122</p>
|
|
<p>(9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.52 (0.75 to 3.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47 more per 1000 (from 23 fewer to 186 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis, Infants < 30 weeks - ECC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/139</p>
|
|
<p>(13.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/286</p>
|
|
<p>(5.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.44 (1.3 to 4.6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 more per 1000 (from 17 more to 201 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Necrotising enterocolitis, Infants < 30 weeks - ICC versus LCC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/122</p>
|
|
<p>(9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/286</p>
|
|
<p>(5.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.61 (0.77 to 3.37)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34 more per 1000 (from 13 fewer to 133 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab13_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">ECC: early cessation of caffeine; ICC: intermediate cessation of caffeine; LCC: late cessation of caffeine; NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of the evidence was downgraded by 1 due incomplete follow up (Lodha 2018)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab13_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab14"><div id="ch3.appf.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 23</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile – Comparison 1.1 Ibuprofen versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ibuprofen</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>61/438</p>
|
|
<p>(13.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>68/441</p>
|
|
<p>(15.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.91 (0.66 to 1.24)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 fewer per 1000 (from 52 fewer to 37 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">BPD at 36 weeks PMA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>86/142</p>
|
|
<p>(60.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>84/143</p>
|
|
<p>(58.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.07 (0.91 to 1.26)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 more per 1000 (from 53 fewer to 153 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">BPD at 28 days of life</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>166/290</p>
|
|
<p>(57.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>156/296</p>
|
|
<p>(52.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.08 (0.94 to 1.24)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42 more per 1000 (from 32 fewer to 126 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA required back-up treatment with indomethacin</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/228</p>
|
|
<p>(7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>58/233</p>
|
|
<p>(24.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.28 (0.17 to 0.47)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179 fewer per 1000 (from 132 fewer to 207 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA required surgical ligation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/228</p>
|
|
<p>(2.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/233</p>
|
|
<p>(5.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.47 (0.18 to 1.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 fewer per 1000 (from 46 fewer to 12 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA failed to close on day 3 - All infants</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>36/228</p>
|
|
<p>(15.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>100/233</p>
|
|
<p>(42.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.37 (0.26 to 0.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">270 fewer per 1000 (from 210 fewer to 318 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA failed to close on day 3 - 24–26 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/50</p>
|
|
<p>(22%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26/51</p>
|
|
<p>(51%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.43 (0.24 to 0.78)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">291 fewer per 1000 (from 112 fewer to 387 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA failed to close on day 3 - 27–30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/155</p>
|
|
<p>(14.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>58/159</p>
|
|
<p>(36.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.39 (0.25 to 0.6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">223 fewer per 1000 (from 146 fewer to 274 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA reopened after closure on day 3</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/205</p>
|
|
<p>(2.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/210</p>
|
|
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.73 (0.24 to 2.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 fewer per 1000 (from 25 fewer to 42 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Repeated course of blinded study drug, first 28 days</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/54</p>
|
|
<p>(16.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24/51</p>
|
|
<p>(47.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.35 (0.18 to 0.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">306 fewer per 1000 (from 146 fewer to 386 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Open-label ibuprofen, first 28 days</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/54</p>
|
|
<p>(13%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/51</p>
|
|
<p>(19.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.66 (0.27 to 1.6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67 fewer per 1000 (from 143 fewer to 118 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">At least 1 episode of serum creatinine > 140 umol/L (Day 1–3)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/65</p>
|
|
<p>(12.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/66</p>
|
|
<p>(1.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 8.12 (1.05 to 63.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108 more per 1000 (from 1 more to 941 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Serum creatinine (mg/dL) - Day 1 (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.08 lower (0.2 lower to 0.04 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Serum creatinine (mg/dL) - Day 4 (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.09 higher (0.17 lower to 0.35 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Serum creatinine (µmol/L) - Day 1 (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">205</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">210</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 3 higher (0.38 lower to 6.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Serum creatinine (µmol/L) - Day 3 (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">205</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">210</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 13 higher (8.72 to 17.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Median creatinine (mg/dl) - day 7</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=67</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 1 mg/dl (NR)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=67</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 0.6 mg/dl (NR)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 0.3 mg/dl less (p=0.0003)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">At least 1 episode of urinary output < 2 ml/kg/h (Day 1–3)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37/65</p>
|
|
<p>(56.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26/66</p>
|
|
<p>(39.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.44 (1 to 2.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173 more per 1000 (from 0 more to 425 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Urine production (ml/kg/h) - Day 1 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">205</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">210</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.9 lower (1.14 to 0.66 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HIGH</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Urine production (ml/kg/h) - Day 3 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">205</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">210</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 lower (0.52 lower to 0.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Median blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) - day 7</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=67</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 84 mg/dl (NR)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>n=67</p>
|
|
<p>Median (IQR) 38 mg/dl (NR)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 46 mg/dl more (p= 0.0000002)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Urea (mg/dL) - Day 1 (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 higher (11.65 lower to 12.65 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Urea (mg/dL) - Day 4 (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.5 higher (23.73 lower to 38.73 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Oliguria < 0.5 ml/kg/h (Days 1–3)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>45/205</p>
|
|
<p>(22%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30/210</p>
|
|
<p>(14.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.54 (1.01 to 2.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77 more per 1000 (from 1 more to 191 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Intestinal perforation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/119</p>
|
|
<p>(5.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/117</p>
|
|
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.41 (0.14 to 14.68)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 more per 1000 (from 24 fewer to 135 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NEC (requiring surgery)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/54</p>
|
|
<p>(9.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/51</p>
|
|
<p>(3.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.36 (0.48 to 11.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 417 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NEC (stage 3)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/205</p>
|
|
<p>(2.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/210</p>
|
|
<p>(5.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.51 (0.2 to 1.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 fewer per 1000 (from 46 fewer to 19 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NEC (any stage)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/172</p>
|
|
<p>(12.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/171</p>
|
|
<p>(11.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.96 (0.32 to 2.88)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 more per 1000 (from 40 fewer to 112 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab14_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BPD: bronchopulmanory dysplasia; CI: confidence interval; NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; NR: not reported; PMA: post menstrual age; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the 95% CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the 95% CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 due to potential moderate inconsistency in results (PDA failed to close on day 3 - All infants I<sup>2</sup>= 42%; Intestinal perforation I<sup>2</sup>= 67%; NEC (any stage) I<sup>2</sup>= 59%); no source of heterogeneity identified for NEC; subgroup analysis not possible for the other outcomes as there were only 2 trials; random effects model used</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab14_4"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the method of randomisation and allocation was not specified and medians were presented without IQRs (Bagnoli 2013)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab14_5"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the method of randomisation and managing attrition was unclear and as recruitment stopped earlier than intended, the study was underpowered (Kanmaz 2012)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab14_6"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1: imprecision was not calculable because the results were reported as medians</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab15"><div id="ch3.appf.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Evidence profile: Comparison 1.2 Paracetamol versus placebo</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paracetamol</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/23</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/25</p>
|
|
<p>(4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.36 (0.02 to 8.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 fewer per 1000 (from 39 fewer to 298 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">BPD at 36 weeks PMA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/23</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/25</p>
|
|
<p>(4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.36 (0.02 to 8.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 fewer per 1000 (from 39 fewer to 298 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Oliguria (< 1 mL/kg/h)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/23</p>
|
|
<p>(21.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/25</p>
|
|
<p>(28%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.78 (0.29 to 2.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 fewer per 1000 (from 199 fewer to 311 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Polyuria (> 5 mL/kg/h)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/23</p>
|
|
<p>(26.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/25</p>
|
|
<p>(36%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.72 (0.31 to 1.72)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101 fewer per 1000 (from 248 fewer to 259 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NEC (stage 3)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/23</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/25</p>
|
|
<p>(4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.36 (0.02 to 8.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 fewer per 1000 (from 39 fewer to 298 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab15_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BPD: bronchopulmanory dysplasia; CI: confidence interval; NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; PMA: postmenstrual age; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the 95% CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab16"><div id="ch3.appf.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile – Comparison 2. Surgery versus no surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>98/701</p>
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<p>(14%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>566/3886</p>
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<p>(14.6%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.96 (0.79 to 1.17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 fewer per 1000 (from 31 fewer to 25 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>40/135</p>
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<p>(29.6%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>140/403</p>
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<p>(34.7%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.85 (0.64 to 1.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52 fewer per 1000 (from 125 fewer to 49 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Intestinal perforation</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>43/701</p>
|
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<p>(6.1%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>66/3886</p>
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<p>(1.7%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.61 (2.48 to 5.26)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 more per 1000 (from 25 more to 72 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NEC</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>86/701</p>
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<p>(12.3%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>271/3886</p>
|
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<p>(7%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.76 (1.4 to 2.21)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 more per 1000 (from 28 more to 84 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because patients in both arms may have received prophylactic indomethacin (Laughon 2007; Madan 2009)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the 95% CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab17"><div id="ch3.appf.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile – Comparison 3. Surgery versus fluid restriction</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluid restriction</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>35/327</p>
|
|
<p>(10.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>72/577</p>
|
|
<p>(12.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.86 (0.59 to 1.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 fewer per 1000 (from 51 fewer to 31 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">BPD at 36 weeks PMA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>199/327</p>
|
|
<p>(60.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>138/577</p>
|
|
<p>(23.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.54 (2.15 to 3.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">368 more per 1000 (from 275 more to 481 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NEC stages 2 or 3</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70/327</p>
|
|
<p>(21.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>34/577</p>
|
|
<p>(5.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.63 (2.47 to 5.35)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">155 more per 1000 (from 87 more to 256 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BPD: bronchopulmanory dysplasia; CI: confidence interval; NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; PMA: postmenstrual age; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because patients in both arms may have received prophylactic indomethacin (Mirea 2012)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the 95% CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appftab18"><div id="ch3.appf.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile – Comparison 4. Ibuprofen versus paracetamol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appf.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appf.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of babies</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ibuprofen</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paracetamol</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2/40</p>
|
|
<p>(5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>3/40</p>
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<p>(7.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.12 to 3.78)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 fewer per 1000 (from 66 fewer to 209 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Neurodevelopmental impairment</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>10/31</p>
|
|
<p>(32.3%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>9/30</p>
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<p>(30%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.08 (0.51 to 2.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 more per 1000 (from 147 fewer to 381 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moderate to severe cerebral palsy</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>2/31</p>
|
|
<p>(6.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>4/30</p>
|
|
<p>(13.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.48 (0.1 to 2.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69 fewer per 1000 (from 120 fewer to 193 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Blindness</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/31</p>
|
|
<p>(3.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/30</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.91 (0.12 to 68.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Deafness</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/31</p>
|
|
<p>(3.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/30</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.91 (0.12 to 68.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA closure after first course of study drug - ≤ 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31/40</p>
|
|
<p>(77.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29/40</p>
|
|
<p>(72.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.07 (0.83 to 1.38)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 more per 1000 (from 123 fewer to 275 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA closure after first course of study drug - < 28 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/19</p>
|
|
<p>(57.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/23</p>
|
|
<p>(73.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.78 (0.5 to 1.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">163 fewer per 1000 (from 370 fewer to 170 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA closure after first course of study drug - ≤ 26 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/16</p>
|
|
<p>(56.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/23</p>
|
|
<p>(43.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.29 (0.69 to 2.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126 more per 1000 (from 135 fewer to 626 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA reopening and closure with second cure - ≤ 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/40</p>
|
|
<p>(12.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/40</p>
|
|
<p>(17.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.71 (0.25 to 2.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 fewer per 1000 (from 131 fewer to 185 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA reopening and closure with second cure - < 28 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/19</p>
|
|
<p>(21.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/23</p>
|
|
<p>(30.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.69 (0.24 to 2.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94 fewer per 1000 (from 231 fewer to 307 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA reopening and closure with second cure - ≤ 26 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/16</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/23</p>
|
|
<p>(26.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.96 (0.32 to 2.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 177 fewer to 485 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA surgical ligation rate - ≤ 30 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/40</p>
|
|
<p>(5.0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/40</p>
|
|
<p>(2.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.00 (0.19 to 21.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 505 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA surgical ligation rate - < 28 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/19</p>
|
|
<p>(10.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/23</p>
|
|
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.42 (0.24 to 24.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 more per 1000 (from 33 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PDA surgical ligation rate - ≤ 26 weeks</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/16</p>
|
|
<p>(12.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/23</p>
|
|
<p>(4.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.88 (0.28 to 29.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82 more per 1000 (from 31 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Change in BUN (mg/dL) from pre-treatment to post-treatment (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.6 higher (0.25 to 14.95 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Change in serum creatinine (mg/dL) from pre-treatment to post-treatment (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.08 higher (0.01 to 0.15 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Change in urine output (mL/kg/h) from pre-treatment to post-treatment (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.31 higher (0.06 to 0.56 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NEC (any stage)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/40</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/40</p>
|
|
<p>(30%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.83 (0.41 to 1.7)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 fewer per 1000 (from 177 fewer to 210 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">NEC (NEC stage ≥ 2)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>0/31</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/30</p>
|
|
<p>(3.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.32 (0.01 to 7.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 fewer per 1000 (from 33 fewer to 221 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gastrointestinal bleeding</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/40</p>
|
|
<p>(2.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/40</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3 (0.13 to 71.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch3.appf.tab18_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CI: confidence interval; NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because of lack of computer-generated randomisation and patient attrition for follow-up neurodevelopmental outcomes (Oncel 2014; Oncel 2017)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab18_2"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 2 because the 95% CI crosses 2 MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch3.appf.tab18_3"><p class="no_margin">The quality of evidence was downgraded by 1 because the 95% CI crosses 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appgfig1"><div id="ch3.appg.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appgf1&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appgf1.jpg" alt="Image ch3appgf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appgfig2"><div id="ch3.appg.fig2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appgf2&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appgf2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appgf2.jpg" alt="Image ch3appgf2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appgfig3"><div id="ch3.appg.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appgf3&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appgf3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appgf3.jpg" alt="Image ch3appgf3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch3appgfig4"><div id="ch3.appg.fig4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch3appgf4&p=BOOKS&id=577839_ch3appgf4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577839/bin/ch3appgf4.jpg" alt="Image ch3appgf4" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appktab1"><div id="ch3.appk.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appk.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dexamethasone therapy in neonatal chronic lung disease: an international placebo-controlled trial. Collaborative Dexamethasone Trial Group, Pediatrics, 88, 421–427, 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recruitment dates do not meet the inclusion criteria for the review: 1986–1989</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous,, Early treatment of premature infants with steroids: neurological sequelae, Prescrire International, 16, 108–9, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arias-Camison, J M, Lau, J, Cole, C H, Frantz, I D, Meta-analysis of dexamethasone therapy started in the first 15 days of life for prevention of chronic lung disease in premature infants (Structured abstract), Pediatric Pulmonology, 28, 167–174, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by recent Cochrane systematic review by Doyle 2014</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arnon, S., Grigg, J., Silverman, M., Effectiveness of budesonide aerosol in ventilator-dependent preterm babies: A preliminary report, Pediatric Pulmonology, 21, 231–235, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Participants in each arm do not meet the inclusion criteria for review: <15 participants in each arm.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bassler, D, Halliday, Hl, Plavka, R, Hallman, M, Shinwell, Es, Jarreau, Ph, Carnielli, V, Anker, J, Schwab, M, Poets, Cf, The Neonatal European Study of Inhaled Steroids (NEUROSIS): an eu-funded international randomised controlled trial in preterm infants, Neonatology, 97, 52–5, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: Protocol for NEUROSIS trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bassler, D., Plavka, R., Shinwell, E. S., Hallman, M., Jarreau, P. H., Carnielli, V., Van den Anker, J. N., Meisner, C., Engel, C., Schwab, M., Halliday, H. L., Poets, C. F., Neurosis Trial Group, Early Inhaled Budesonide for the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, The New England journal of medicine, 373, 1497–506, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not of interest for review: budesonide MDI not nebules</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bloomfield, F.H., Knight, D.B., Breier, B.H., Harding, J.E., Growth restriction in dexamethasone-treated preterm infants may be mediated by reduced IGF-I and IGFBP-3 plasma concentrations, Clinical Endocrinology, 54, 235–242, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review: growth outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carlo, Wa, Stark, Ar, Bauer, C, Donovan, E, Oh, W, Papile, L, Shankaran, S, Tyson, Je, Wright, Ll, Temprosa, E, Poole, K, Effects of minimal ventilation in a multicenter randomized controlled trial of ventilator support and early corticosteroid therapy in extremely low birth weight infants, Pediatrics, 104, 738–9, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient data to extract for review: conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carlo, W.A., Stark, A.R., Wright, L.L., Tyson, J.E., Papile, L.A., Shankaran, S., Donovan, E.F., Oh, W., Bauer, C.R., Saha, S., Poole, W.K., Stoll, B., Minimal ventilation to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely-low-birth-weight infants, Journal of Pediatrics, 141, 370–374, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Results reported elsewhere for inclusion in review: 2 × 2 factorial design, dexamethasone intervention reported in Stark et al 2001</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cole, C. H., Colton, T., Shah, B. L., Abbasi, S., Mackinnon, B. L., Demissie, S., Frantz, Iii I. D., Early inhaled glucocorticoid therapy to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia, New England Journal of Medicine, 340, 1005–1010, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not of interest for review: Inhaled beclomethasone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Couser, R.J., Ferrara, T.B., Falde, B., Johnson, K., Schilling, C.G., Hoekstra, R.E., Effectiveness of dexamethasone in preventing extubation failure in preterm infants at increased risk for airway edema, Journal of Pediatrics, 121, 591–596, 1992</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review: pulmonary resistance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">de Oliveira Peixoto, F. A., Costa, P. S., Reviewing the use of corticosteroids in bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Jornal de Pediatria, 92, 122–8, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DeCastro, M., El-Khoury, N., Parton, L., Ballabh, P., LaGamma, E.F., Postnatal betamethasone vs dexamethasone in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A pilot study, Journal of Perinatology, 29, 297–304, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention is betamethasone and not of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Delara, M., Chauhan, B. F., Le, M. L., Abou-Setta, A. M., Zarychanski, R., tJong, G. W., Efficacy and safety of pulmonary application of corticosteroids in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient data to extract for review: conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Denjean, A., Paris-Llado, J., Zupan, V., Debillon, T., Kieffer, F., Magny, J.F., Desfreres, L., Llanas, B., Guimaraes, H., Moriette, G., Voyer, M., Dehan, M., Breart, G., Inhaled salbutamol and beclomethasone for preventing broncho-pulmonary dysplasia: a randomised double-blind study, European Journal of Pediatrics, 157, 926–931, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not of interest for review: beclomethasone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doyle, L. W., Ehrenkranz, R. A., Halliday, H. L., Dexamethasone treatment after the first week of life for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a systematic review, Neonatology, 98, 289–96, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Cochrane review Doyle 2014</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doyle, L. W., Halliday, H. L., Ehrenkranz, R. A., Davis, P. G., Sinclair, J. C., An update on the impact of postnatal systemic corticosteroids on mortality and cerebral palsy in preterm infants: effect modification by risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Journal of Pediatrics, 165, 1258–60, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not of interest for review: assessment of relationship between cerebral palsy or death with BPD</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doyle, Lex W., Cheong, Jeanie L., Ehrenkranz, Richard A., Halliday, Henry L., Early (< 8 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review identified at re-runs stage: systematic review does not include any additional studies to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doyle, Lex W., Cheong, Jeanie L., Ehrenkranz, Richard A., Halliday, Henry L., Late (> 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review identified at re-runs stage: Systematic review does not include any additional studies to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doyle, Lw, Davis, Pg, Morley, Cj, McPhee, A, Carlin, J, Low Dose Dexamethasone Facilitates Extubation in Chronically Ventilator-Dependent Infants A Multicentre International Randomized Controlled Trial. The DART Study Investigators, Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting; 2005 May 14–17; Washington DC, United States, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient data to extract for review: conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doyle, L.W., Davis, P.G., Postnatal corticosteroids in preterm infants: Systematic review of effects on mortality and motor function, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 36, 101–107, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No additional RCTs that are not captured in Doyle et al 2014 cochrane systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doyle, L.W., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Halliday, H.L., Postnatal hydrocortisone for preventing or treating bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a systematic review, Neonatology, 98, 111–117, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Cochrane review Doyle 2014</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ferguson, K. N., Roberts, C. T., Manley, B. J., Davis, P. G., Interventions to improve rates of successful extubation in preterm infants a systematic review and meta-analysis, JAMA Pediatrics, 171, 165–174, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not of interest for review: mode of ventilation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gupta, Sachin, Prasanth, Kaninghat, Chen, Chung-Ming, Yeh, Tsu F., Postnatal Corticosteroids for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Lung Disease in the Preterm Newborn, International Journal of Pediatrics, 2012, 315642, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Halliday, H. L., Ehrenkranz, R. A., Doyle, L. W., Delayed (>3 weeks) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD001145, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Doyle 2014 Cochrane review (Late > 7 days postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Halliday, H. L., Ehrenkranz, R. A., Doyle, L. W., Late (>7 days) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1), 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Updated in 2014 by Doyle et al.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Halliday, H. L., Ehrenkranz, R. A., Doyle, L. W., Early postnatal (<96 hours) corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD001146, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Doyle 2014 Cochrane review (Early < 8 days postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Halliday, H.L., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Doyle, L.W., Moderately early (7–14 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), 2003. Date of Publication, –, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No additional RCTs that are not included in cohrane systematic review by Doyle et al 2014</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Halliday, H.L., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Doyle, L.W., Early (< 8 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009. Article Number, –, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Updated in 2014 by Doyle et al.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harrold, J., Ali, S., Oleszczuk, M., Lacaze-Masmonteil, T., Hartling, L., Corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: An overview of Cochrane reviews, Evidence-Based Child Health, 8, 2063–2075, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inwald, D. P., Trivedi, K., Murch, S. H., Costeloe, K., The effect of early inhaled budesonide on pulmonary inflammation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome, European Journal of Pediatrics, 158, 815–6, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: longitudinal study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones, R. A., Randomized, controlled trial of dexamethasone in neonatal chronic lung disease: 13- to 17-year follow-up study: II. Respiratory status, growth, and blood pressure, Pediatrics, 116, 379–384, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recruitment dates do not meet the inclusion criteria for the review: 1986–1989</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones, R. A. K., Randomized, controlled trial of dexamethasone in neonatal chronic lung disease: 13- to 17-year follow-up study: I. Neurologic, psychological, and educational outcomes, Pediatrics, 116, 370–378, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recruitment dates do not meet the inclusion criteria for the review: 1986–1989</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones, R., Wincott, E., Elbourne, D., Grant, A., Controlled trial of dexamethasone in neonatal chronic lung disease: a 3-year follow-up, Pediatrics, 96, 897–906, 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recruitment dates do not meet the inclusion criteria for the review: 1986–1989</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ke, H, Li, Z-K, Yu, X-P, Guo, J-Z, Efficacy of different preparations of budesonide combined with pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: A comparative analysis. [Chinese], Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 18, 400–4, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Language not of interest for review: Article written in Chinese</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kopelman, A.E., Moise, A.A., Holbert, D., Hegemier, S.E., A single very early dexamethasone dose improves respiratory and cardiovascular adaptation in preterm infants, Journal of Pediatrics, 135, 345–350, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duration of corticosteroid course does not meet inclusion criteria: single dose of dexamethasone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kothadia, Jm, O’Shea, Tm, Roberts, D, Dillard, Rg, Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone to decrease the duration of ventilator dependency in very low birth weight infants, Pediatric Research, 39, 223a, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient data to extract for review: conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar, P., Effect of decreased use of postnatal corticosteroids on morbidity in extremely low birthweight infants, American Journal of Perinatology, 22, 77–81, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: Retrospective review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lin, Y.J., Yeh, T.F., Hsieh, W.S., Chi, Y.C., Lin, H.C., Lin, C.H., Prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants by early postnatal dexamethasone therapy, Pediatric Pulmonology, 27, 21–26, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest for review: Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lister, P., Iles, R., Shaw, B., Ducharme, F., Inhaled steroids for neonatal chronic lung disease, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), CD002311, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Onland 2012 Cochrane review (Late > 7 days inhalation corticosteroids to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Merz, U., Kusenbach, G., Hausler, M., Peschgens, T., Hornchen, H., Inhaled budesonide in ventilator-dependent preterm infants: A randomized, double-blind pilot study, Biology of the Neonate, 75, 46–53, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Participants in each arm do not meet the inclusion criteria for review: <15 participants in each arm.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mieskonen, S., Eronen, M., Malmberg, L.P., Turpeinen, M., Kari, M.A., Hallman, M., Controlled trial of dexamethasone in neonatal chronic lung disease: an 8-year follow-up of cardiopulmonary function and growth, Acta Paediatrica, 92, 896–904, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Participants in each arm do not meet the inclusion criteria for review: <15 participants in each arm.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morales, P., Rastogi, A., Bez, M.L., Akintorin, S.M., Pyati, S., Andes, S.M., Pildes, R.S., Effect of dexamethasone therapy on the neonatal ductus arteriosus, Pediatric Cardiology, 19, 225–229, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Participants in each arm do not meet the inclusion criteria for review: <15 participants in each arm.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ng, Pc, Lee, Ch, Bnur, Fl, Chan, Ih, Lee, Aw, Wong, E, Chan, Hb, Lam, Cw, Lee, Bs, Fok, Tf, A double-blind, randomized, controlled study of a “stress dose” of hydrocortisone for rescue treatment of refractory hypotension in preterm infants, Pediatrics, 117, 367–75, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest for review: Hong Kong</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Onland, W, Offringa, M, Kaam, A, Late (≥7 days) inhalation corticosteroids to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (online), 2017, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include any additional studies to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Onland, W., de Jaegere, A. P., van de Loo, M., van Kaam, A. H., Postnatal corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Netherlands Journal of Critical Care, 18, 8–14, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Onland, W., Offringa, M., Cools, F., De Jaegere, A. P., Rademaker, K., Blom, H., Cavatorta, E., Debeer, A., Dijk, P. H., van Heijst, A. F., Kramer, B. W., Kroon, A. A., Mohns, T., van Straaten, H. L., te Pas, A. B., Theyskens, C., van Weissenbruch, M. M., van Kaam, A. H., Systemic Hydrocortisone To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in preterm infants (the SToP-BPD study); a multicenter randomized placebo controlled trial, BMC Pediatrics, 11, 102, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Onland, W., Offringa, M., Jaegere, A. P. D., Van Kaam, A. H., Finding the optimal postnatal dexamethasone regimen for preterm infants at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A systematic review of placebo-controlled trials, Pediatrics, 123, 367–377, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Doyle 2014</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Onland, W., Offringa, M., van Kaam, A., Late (> 7 days) inhalation corticosteroids to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), 4, CD002311, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Only contains one RCT that meets inclusion criteria of review, data extracted from original paper</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">O’Shea, T. M., Kothadia, J. M., Klinepeter, K. L., Goldstein, D. J., Jackson, B. G., Weaver, Iii R. G., Dillard, R. G., Randomized placebo-controlled trial of a 42-day tapering course of dexamethasone to reduce the duration of ventilator dependency in very low birth weight infants: Outcome of study participants at 1-year adjusted age, Pediatrics, 104, 15–21, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Timeframe around neurodevelopmental outcomes not of interest for review: 1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Papile, L, Stoll, B, Donovan, E, Tyson, J, Bauer, C, Wright, L, Krause-Steinrauf, H, Verter, J, Dexamethasone therapy in infants at risk for chronic lung disease (CLD): a multi-center, randomized, double-masked trial, Pediatric Research, 39, 236a, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient data to extract for review: conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pappagallo, M, Bhutani, V, Abbasi, S, Nebulised steroid trial in ventilator-dependent preterm infants, Pediatric Research, 29, 327a, 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient data to extract for review: conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rademaker, K. J., Uiterwaal, C. S., Groenendaal, F., Venema, M. M., van Bel, F., Beek, F. J., van Haastert, I. C., Grobbee, D. E., de Vries, L. S., Neonatal hydrocortisone treatment: neurodevelopmental outcome and MRI at school age in preterm-born children, Journal of Pediatrics, 150, 351–7, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: Cohort study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Romagnoli, C., Zecca, E., Vento, G., Maggio, L., Papacci, P., Tortorolo, G., Effect on growth of two different dexamethasone courses for preterm infants at risk of chronic lung disease. A randomized trial, Pharmacology, 59, 266–274, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review: growth outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sanders, R.J., Cox, C., Phelps, D.L., Sinkin, R.A., Two doses of early intravenous dexamethasone for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in babies with respiratory distress syndrome, Pediatric Research, 36, 122–128, 1994</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duration of corticosteroid course does not meet inclusion criteria: two doses of dexamethasone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shah, S. S., Ohlsson, A., Halliday, H., Shah, V. S., Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4) (no pagination), 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Shah et al 2012</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shah, Sachin S, Ohlsson, Arne, Halliday, Henry L, Shah, Vibhuti S, Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No additional studies to 2012</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shah, Sachin S, Ohlsson, Arne, Halliday, Henry L, Shah, Vibhuti S, Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Only contains one RCT that meets inclusion criteria of review, data extracted from original paper</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shah, V. S., Ohlsson, A., Halliday, H. L., Dunn, M., Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm neonates, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017 (1) (no pagination), 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Only contains one RCT that meets inclusion criteria of review, data extracted from original paper</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shinwell, E. S., Portnov, I., Meerpohl, J. J., Karen, T., Bassler, D., Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A meta-analysis, Pediatrics, 138 (6) (no pagination), 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No additional RCTs to cochrane review by Shah et al 2017</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shipalana, N., Cooper, P. A., Strahlendorff, C., Early postnatal steroids for non-ventilated infants weighing less than 1000 g at birth - A randomised trial, Pediatric Reviews and Communications, 8, 29–33, 1994</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest for review: South Africa</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sinkin, R. A., Dweck, H. S., Horgan, M. J., Gallaher, K. J., Cox, C., Maniscalco, W. M., Chess, P. R., D’Angio, C. T., Guillet, R., Kendig, J. W., Ryan, R. M., Phelps, D. L., Early dexamethasone - Attempting to prevent chronic lung disease, Pediatrics, 105, 542–548, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duration of corticosteroid course does not meet inclusion criteria: Dexamethasone given for 2 doses</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stark, Ar, Carlo, W, Bauer, C, Donovan, E, Oh, W, Papile, L, Shankaran, S, Tyson, Je, Wright, Ll, Temprosa, M, Poole, K, Complications of early steroid therapy in a randomized controlled trial, Pediatrics, 104, 739, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient data to extract for review: conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suchomski, S. J., Cummings, J. J., A randomized trial of inhaled versus intravenous steroids in ventilator-dependent preterm infants, Journal of Perinatology, 22, 196–203, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not of interest for review: Inhaled beclomethasone</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Victorian Infant, Collaborative, Postnatal corticosteroids and sensorineural outcome at 5 years of age, Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, 36, 256–61, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: Cohort study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang, J. Y., Yeh, T. F., Lin, Y. C., Miyamura, K., Holmskov, U., Reid, K. B. M., Measurement of pulmonary status and surfactant protein levels during dexamethasone treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, Thorax, 51, 907–913, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest for review: Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Washburn, L.K., Nixon, P.A., O’Shea, T.M., Follow-up of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of postnatal dexamethasone: blood pressure and anthropometric measurements at school age, Pediatrics, 118, 1592–1599, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review: blood pressure and anthropometrics measurements at school age</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yates, H. L., Newell, S. J., Postnatal intravenous steroids and long-term neurological outcome: Recommendations from meta-analyses, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 97, F299-F303, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical recommendations based on a meta-analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yeh, T.F., Prevention of chronic lung disease (CLD) in premature infants with early dexamethasone therapy, Pediatric Pulmonology - Supplement, 16, 35–36, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient data to extract for review: conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yeh, T.F., Lin, Y.J., Huang, C.C., Chen, Y.J., Lin, C.H., Lin, H.C., Hsieh, W.S., Lien, Y.J., Early dexamethasone therapy in preterm infants: a follow-up study, Pediatrics, 101, E7-, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest for review: Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yeh, T.F., Lin, Y.J., Lin, H.C., Huang, C.C., Hsieh, W.S., Lin, C.H., Tsai, C.H., Outcomes at school age after postnatal dexamethasone therapy for lung disease of prematurity, New England Journal of Medicine, 350, 1304–1313, 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest for review: Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yeh, T.F., Torre, J.A., Rastogi, A., Anyebuno, M.A., Pildes, R.S., Early postnatal dexamethasone therapy in premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome: a double-blind, controlled study, Journal of Pediatrics, 117, 273–282, 1990</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recruitment dates do not meet the inclusion criteria for the review:June-November 1988</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yeh, T.F., Lin, Y.J., Hsieh, W.S., Lin, H.C., Lin, C.H., Chen, J.Y., Kao, H.A., Chien, C.H., Early postnatal dexamethasone therapy for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a multicenter clinical trial, Pediatrics, 100, E3-, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country not of interest for review: Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zeng, L., Tian, J., Song, F., Li, W., Jiang, L., Gui, G., Zhang, Y., Ge, L., Shi, J., Sun, X., Mu, D., Zhang, L., Corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis, Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include any additional studies to the review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang, Z. Q., Zhong, Y., Huang, X. M., Du, L. Z., Airway administration of corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis, BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 17, 207, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review does not include any additional studies to the review</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appktab2"><div id="ch3.appk.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appk.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brion, L. P., Primhak, R. A., Intravenous or enteral loop diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), CD001453, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Stewart 2011</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brion, L. P., Primhak, R. A., Ambrosio-Perez, I., Diuretics acting on the distal renal tubule for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), CD001817, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Stewart 2011</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brion, L. P., Soll, R. F., Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), CD001454, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Brion 2008</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brion, L.P., Soll, R.F., Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2008. Article Number, –, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Superseded by Stewart 2011</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cotton, R., Suarez, S., Reese, J., Unexpected extra-renal effects of loop diuretics in the preterm neonate, Acta PaediatricaActa Paediatr, 101, 835–45, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hoffman, Dj, Abbasi, S, Cnaan, A, Gerdes, Js, Effect of spironolactone on pulmonary function and electrolyte balance in infants with chronic lung disease, Pediatric Research, 35, 337a, 1994</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hoffman, Dj, Abbasi, S, Sivieri, Em, Deuber, C, Bhutani, Vk, Gerdes, Js, Pulmonary function and electrolyte balance following spironolactone treatment in preterm infants with chronic lung disease, Pediatric Research, 41, 56a, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reiter, P. D., Makhlouf, R., Stiles, A. D., Comparison of 6-hour infusion versus bolus furosemide in premature infants, Pharmacotherapy, 18, 63–68, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not of interest for review: 6hr infusion vs bolus furosemide</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rush, M. G., Engelhardt, B., Parker, R. A., Hazinski, T. A., Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of alternate-day furosemide therapy in infants with chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Journal of Pediatrics, 117, 112–118, 1990</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study dates pre-1990</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Segar, J. L., Chemtob, S., Bell, E. F., Changes in body water compartments with diuretic therapy in infants with chronic lung disease, Early Human Development, 48, 99–107, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review: changes in body water compartments and electrolyte intake</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stewart, A., Brion, L. P., Intravenous or enteral loop diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), 9, CD001453, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No RCTs that meet inclusion criteria of review, RCTs excluded based on study dates pre-1990 or no outcomes of interest for review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stewart, A., Brion, L. P., Ambrosio-Perez, I., Diuretics acting on the distal renal tubule for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), 9, CD001817, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Only 2 RCTs that meet inclusion criteria of review - Kao 1994 and Hoffman 2000 (both included and extracted from original RCT). Other RCTs excluded based on study dates pre-1990 or no outcomes of interest for review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stewart, A., Brion, L. P., Soll, R., Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), 12, CD001454, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No RCTs that meet inclusion criteria of review, RCTs excluded based on study dates pre-1990, intervention not of interest for review, or no outcomes of interest for review.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appktab3"><div id="ch3.appk.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appk.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blaisdell, C. J., Troendle, J., Zajicek, A., Prematurity,, Respiratory Outcomes, Program, Acute Responses to Diuretic Therapy in very preterm Results from the Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program Cohort Study, Journal of PediatricsJ Pediatr, 20, 20, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Has no outcomes that meet criteria. A prognostic study, not interventional.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Downing, G. J., Egelhoff, J. C., Daily, D. K., Alon, U., Furosemide-related renal calcifications in the premature infant: A longitudinal ultrasonographic study, Pediatric Radiology, 21, 563–565, 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not of interest for review: longitudinal study of a clinical group with no comparison group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Downing, G. J., Egelhoff, J. C., Daily, D. K., Thomas, M. K., Alon, U., Kidney function in very low birth weight infants with furosemide-related renal calcifications at ages 1 to 2 years, Journal of Pediatrics, 120, 599–604, 1992</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review: kidney function at 1–2 years of age (not including nephrocalcinosis)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Orth, L. E., O’Mara, K. L., Impact of Early Versus Late Diuretic Exposure on Metabolic Bone Disease and Growth in Premature Neonates, Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 23, 26–33, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes of interest for review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wise, R. T., Moffett, B. S., Akcan-Arikan, A., Galati, M., Afonso, N., Checchia, P. A., Enhancement of diuresis with metolazone in infant paediatric cardiac intensive care patients, Cardiology in the Young, 28, 27–31, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">population not of interest for review: paediatrics</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appktab4"><div id="ch3.appk.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appk.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abbasi, S., Aden, U., Allan, W., Bada, H., Barks, J., Bauer, C., Bizzarro, M., Carlo, W., Chen, X., Cummings, J., Ehrenkranz, R., Eyal, F., Faix, R., Fuller, J., Hopper, A., Inder, T., Kaiser, J., Karpen, H., Lifton, R., Maller, Kesselman, Ment, L., O’Shea, T., Poindexter, B., Pourcyrous, M., Sayman, K., Shankaran, S., Vohr, B., Yoder, B., Zhang, H., Early caffeine is associated with decreased IVH in very low birth weight neonates, Annals of neurology, 14), S89, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adzikah, S., Maletzki, J., Ruegger, C., Bassler, D., Association of early versus late caffeine administration on neonatal outcomes in very preterm neonates, Acta paediatrica, international journal of paediatrics, 106, 518, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Commentary on another trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Al Hazzani, F., Survival without Disability to Age 5 years After Neonatal Caffeine Therapy for Apnea of Prematurity, Journal of Clinical Neonatology, 1, 64–6, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Same outcomes and follow up period reported in Schmidt 2012</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Armanian, A. M., Iranpour, R., Faghihian, E., Salehimehr, N., Caffeine Administration to Prevent Apnea in Very Premature Infants, Pediatrics and Neonatology, 57, 408–412, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-OECD country - Iran</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bajaj, N., Use of methylxanthines in preterm neonates, Perinatology, 18, 72–76, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bancalari, E., Caffeine reduces the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants, Journal of pediatrics, 149, 727–728, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Commentary</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Benitz, W. E., Use of caffeine for apnea of prematurity also has long-term neurodevelopmental benefits, Journal of pediatrics, 152, 740–741, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Commentary</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bucher, Hu, Duc, G, Does caffeine prevent hypoxaemic episodes in premature infants? A randomized controlled trial, European journal of pediatrics, 147, 288–291, 1988</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study date pre-1990</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Charles, B. G., Townsend, S. R., Steer, P. A., Flenady, V. J., Gray, P. H., Shearman, A., Caffeine citrate treatment for extremely premature infants with apnea: population pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability, and implications for therapeutic drug monitoring, Therapeutic drug monitoring, 30, 709–16, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comer, A. M., Perry, C. M., Figgitt, D. P., Caffeine citrate: A review of its use in apnoea of prematurity, Paediatric Drugs, 3, 61–79, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corvaglia, L., Aceti, A., In preterm infants with recurrent apnoea, methylxanthine reduces the number of episodes and the use of mechanical ventilation in the short term; caffeine is also associated with improved longer term outcomes, Evidence Based Medicine, 16, 120–1, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non Cochrane systematic review-comparisons not relevant, studies assessed individually</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dekker, J., Hooper, S. B., Van Vonderen, J. J., Witlox, R. S. G. M., Lopriore, E., Te Pas, A. B., Caffeine to improve breathing effort of preterm infants at birth: A randomized controlled trial, Pediatric research, 82, 290–296, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Demauro, S. B., Roberts, R. S., Davis, P., Alvaro, R., Bairam, A., Schmidt, B., Impact of delivery room resuscitation on outcomes up to 18 months in very low birth weight infants, Journal of Pediatrics, 159, 546–550.e1, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroups not relevant</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doyle, L. W., Cheong, J., Hunt, R. W., Lee, K. J., Thompson, D. K., Davis, P. G., Rees, S., Anderson, P. J., Inder, T. E., Caffeine and brain development in very preterm infants, Annals of neurology, 68, 734–742, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup not relevant to review - Australian babies in the CAP trial (2006)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Erenberg, A, Leff, R, Wynne, Ba, Ludden, T, Results of the first double blind placebo (PL) controlled study of caffeine citrate (CC) for the treatment of apnea of prematurity (AOP), Pediatrics, 102, 756–757, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Erenberg, A., Leff, R. D., Haack, D. G., Mosdell, K. W., Hicks, G. M., Wynne, B. A., Caffeine citrate for the treatment of apnea of prematurity: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Pharmacotherapy, 20, 644–652, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - babies did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gupte, A. S., Gupta, D., Ravichandran, S., Michelle Ma, M., Chouthai, N. S., Effect of early caffeine on neurodevelopmental outcome of very low-birth weight newborns, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 29, 1233–1237, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Results reported in Davis 2010</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hand, I., Zaghloul, N., Barash, L., Parris, R., Aden, U., Li, H. L., Timing of Caffeine Therapy and Neonatal Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Study, International Journal of Pediatrics, 2016, 9478204, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fewer than 100 participants in each arm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Henderson-Smart, D. J., Davis, P. G., Prophylactic methylxanthines for extubation in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4) (no pagination), 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review out of date</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Henderson-Smart, David J, De, Paoli Antonio G, Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review with additional included studies relevant to review and outcomes included</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Henderson-Smart, David J, De, Paoli Antonio G, Methylxanthine treatment for apnoea in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual studies reported separately in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Katheria, A. C., Sauberan, J. B., Akotia, D., Rich, W., Durham, J., Finer, N. N., A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Early versus Routine Caffeine in Extremely Premature Infants, American Journal of Perinatology, 32, 879–86, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fewer than 15 participants in each arm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kua, K. P., Lee, S. W. H., Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes of early caffeine therapy in preterm neonates, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 83, 180–191, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non Cochrane systematic review, all studies assessed individually</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mohammed, S., Nour, I., Shabaan, A. E., Shouman, B., Abdel-Hady, H., Nasef, N., High versus low-dose caffeine for apnea of prematurity: a randomized controlled trial, European journal of pediatrics, 174, 949–956, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non OECD country - Egypt</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pakvasa, M. A., Saroha, V., Patel, R. M., Optimizing Caffeine Use and Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Application of Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Methodology, Clinics in Perinatology, 45, 273–291, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-Cochrane systematic review; articles already assessed individually</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Park, H. W., Lim, G., Chung, S. H., Chung, S., Kim, K. S., Kim, S. N., Early Caffeine Use in Very Low Birth Weight Infants and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Journal of Korean medical science, 30, 1828–1835, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non Cochrane systematic review; all studies assessed individually</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patel, R. M., Leong, T., Carlton, D. P., Vyas-Read, S., Early caffeine therapy and clinical outcomes in extremely preterm infants, Journal of Perinatology, 33, 134–40, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fewer than 15 participants in each arm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rhein, L. M., Dobson, N. R., Darnall, R. A., Corwin, M. J., Heeren, T. C., Poets, C. F., McEntire, B. L., Hunt, C. E., Effects of caffeine on intermittent hypoxia in infants born prematurely: A randomized clinical trial, JAMA pediatrics, 168, 250–257, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant - hypoxia</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Romagnoli, C., De Carolis, M. P., Muzii, U., Zecca, E., Tortorolo, G., Chiarotti, M., De Giovanni, N., Carnevale, A., Effectiveness and side effects of two different doses of caffeine in preventing apnea in premature infants, Therapeutic Drug MonitoringTher Drug Monit, 14, 14–9, 1992</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fewer than 15 participants in each arm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saeidi, R., Maghrebi, S., Comparison of the early and late caffeine therapy on clinical outcomes in preterm neonates, Giornale italianodi ostetricia e ginecologia, 36, 568–570, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schmidt, B, Anderson, Pj, Doyle, Lw, Dewey, D, Grunau, R, Asztalos, E, Davis, Pg, Tin, W, Moddemann, D, Solimano, A, Ohlsson, A, Barrington, K, Roberts, Rs, Investigator, Cap, The caffeine for apnea of prematurity (CAP) trial: outcomes at 5 years, Paediatrics and child health., 16, 11a, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shenk, E. E., Bondi, D. S., Pellerite, M. M., Sriram, S., Evaluation of Timing and Dosing of Caffeine Citrate in Preterm Neonates for the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology & TherapeuticsJ, 23, 139–145, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohort study; < 100 participants in each arm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Srinivasan, P, Katz, S, DeCristofaro, J, Increased caffeine levels do not reduce the frequency of clinical cardiopulmonary events in neonates with apnea of prematurity following repeat bolus therapy. A randomized placebo controlled study, Pediatric research, 51, 420a, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Citation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tabacaru, C. R., Jang, S. Y., Patel, M., Davalian, F., Zanelli, S., Fairchild, K. D., Impact of Caffeine Boluses and Caffeine Discontinuation on Apnea and Hypoxemia in Preterm Infants, Journal of Caffeine Research, 7, 103–110, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohort study-interventions not relevant</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Urtiaga Urrestizala, A., Lopez de Heredia y Goya, J., Arranz Cerezo, C., Santesteban Otazu, E., Valls-i-Soler, A., Efficacy of caffeine in extubation of newborns under 32 weeks of age. Systematic revision and observational study, Revista Espanola de Pediatria, 71, 19–27, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paper unavailable - written in Spanish</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vliegenthart, R., Miedema, M., Hutten, G. J., van Kaam, A. H., Onland, W., High versus standard dose caffeine for apnoea: a systematic review, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal EditionArch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 07, 07, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non Cochrane systematic review; studies assessed individually</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhao, Y, Tian, X, Liu, G, Clinical effectiveness of different doses of caffeine for primary apnea in preterm infants, Zhonghua ER ke za zhi = chinese journal of pediatrics, 54, 33–36, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non OECD country - China</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appktab5"><div id="ch3.appk.tab5" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appk.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome after selective early closure of ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm babies (Baby-OSCAR trial) (Project record), Health Technology Assessment Database, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol for a trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amoozgar, H., Ghodstehrani, M., Pishva, N., Oral ibuprofen and ductus arteriosus closure in full-term neonates: A prospective case-control study, Pediatric Cardiology, 31, 40–43, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants were not preterm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aranda, J. V., Thomas, R., Systematic review: intravenous Ibuprofen in preterm newborns, Seminars in Perinatology, 30, 114–20, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bagheri, M. M., Niknafs, P., Sabsevari, F., Torabi, M. H., Bahman Bijari, B., Noroozi, E., Mossavi, H., Comparison of Oral Acetaminophen Versus Ibuprofen in Premature Infants With Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 26, e3975, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bell, E. F., Acarregui, M. J., Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12, CD000503, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies did not match date criteria; comparisons were not relevant- 2 different fluid regimens</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dang, D., Wang, D., Zhang, C., Zhou, W., Zhou, Q., Wu, H., Comparison of oral paracetamol versus ibuprofen in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus: a randomized controlled trial, PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]PLoS ONE, 8, e77888, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dani, C., Poggi, C., Mosca, F., Schena, F., Lista, G., Ramenghi, L., Romagnoli, C., Salvatori, E., Rosignoli, M. T., Lipone, P., Comandini, A., Efficacy and safety of intravenous paracetamol in comparison to ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized control trial, Trials [Electronic Resource]Trials, 17, 182, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol for a trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dani, C., Vangi, V., Bertini, G., Pratesi, S., Lori, I., Favelli, F., Ciuti, R., Bandinelli, A., Martano, C., Murru, P., Messner, H., Schena, F., Mosca, F., High-dose ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants: A randomized controlled study, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 91, 590–596, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No intervention of interest - compared 2 doses of ibuprofen</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Das, R. R., Arora, K., Naik, S. S., Efficacy and safety of paracetamol versus ibuprofen for treating patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: A meta-analysis, Journal of Clinical Neonatology, 3, 183–190, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual studies assessed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">El-Mashad, Ae-R, El-Mahdy, H, Amrousy, D, Elgendy, M, Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and indomethacin in closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates, European Journal of Pediatrics, 1–8, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hammerman, C., Kaplan, M., Prophylactic ibuprofen in premature infants: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Journal of Pediatrics, 146, 709–710, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hochwald, O., Mainzer, G., Borenstein-Levin, L., Jubran, H., Dinur, G., Zucker, M., Mor, M., Khoury, A., Kugelman, A., Adding Paracetamol to Ibuprofen for the Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study, American Journal of Perinatology., 21, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">< 15 babies in each arm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huang, X., Wang, F., Wang, K., Paracetamol versus ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal MedicineJ Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 1–7, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies assessed independently</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jung, P, Rickards, Ed, Deming, D, Patent ductus arteriosus and associated outcomes in extremely preterm infants, Journal of investigative medicine. Conference: 2018 western medical research conference, WMRC 2018. United states, 66, 89, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kluckow, M. R., Carlisle, H., Broom, M., Woods, P., Jeffery, M., Desai, D., Evans, N. J., A randomised blinded placebo controlled trial of paracetamol to treat later PDA, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 52, 100, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Knight, D. B., The treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. A review and overview of randomized trials, Seminars in Neonatology, 6, 63–73, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies did not meet inclusion criteria i.e. date range or intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lotfy, W, Badrawi, N, Ghawas, M, Ehsan, E, Aly, H, Oral ibuprofen solution (O) is efficacious for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants: a randomized controlled trial, Pedaitric academic societies annual meeting, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mitra, S., Florez, I. D., Tamayo, M. E., Mbuagbaw, L., Vanniyasingam, T., Veroniki, A. A., Zea, A. M., Zhang, Y., Sadeghirad, B., Thabane, L., Association of placebo, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen with closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants a systematic review and meta-analysis, JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 319, 1221–1238, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review included indomethacin as a comparison; individual studies already assessed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mosalli, R., Alfaleh, K., Prophylactic surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus for prevention of mortality and morbidity in extremely low birth weight infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD006181, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Only 1 study included in review, did not meet date criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nct,, Paracetamol in the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in the premature neonate, <a href="http://Clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct01291654" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/show/nct01291654</a>, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nct,, Adding paracetamol to ibuprofen for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants, <a href="http://Clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct02002741" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/show/nct02002741</a>, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study not yet completed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ohlsson, A., Shah, S. S., Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD004213, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies assessed individually - reported independently</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ohlsson, Arne, Shah, Prakeshkumar S, Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane review published after original NGA review was done; all relevant studies included, no additional outcomes reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ohlsson, Arne, Shah, Prakeshkumar S, Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low-birth-weight infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies were assessed individually - reported separately</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oncel, M. Y., Yurttutan, S., Uras, N., Altug, N., Ozdemir, R., Ekmen, S., Erdeve, O., Dilmen, U., An alternative drug (paracetamol) in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in ibuprofen-resistant or contraindicated preterm infants, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal EditionArch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 98, F94, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Overmeire, B, Langhendries, Jp, Vanhaesebrouck, P, Lecoutere, D, Broek, H, Ibuprofen for early treatment of patent ductus arteriosus, a randomized multicenter trial, Pediatric Research, 43, 200a, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pacifici, G.M., Clinical pharmacology of the loop diuretics furosemide and bumetanide in neonates and infants, Paediatric Drugs, 14, 233–246, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patel, J, Marks, Ka, Roberts, I, Azzopardi, D, Edwards, Ad, Ibuprofen treatment of patent ductus arteriosus, Lancet, 346, 255, 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raychaudhuri, H., Bahadur, A., Alam, M., Nayak, S., Ali, I., Closing the ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. a review of present treatment strategies and developing a disease staging protocol, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103 (Supplement 1), A101-A102, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rubaltelli, F, Bertini, G, Reali, Mf, Vangi, V, Dani, C, Does early closure of PDA with ibuprofen reduce the severity of RDS in premature infants?, Pediatric Research, 43, 296a, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Salama, H, Alsisi, A, Al-Rifai, H, Shaddad, A, Samawal, L, Habboub, L, A randomized controlled trial on the use of oral ibuprofen to close patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants, Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 1, 153–158, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an OECD country</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schmidt, B., Wright, L. L., Davis, P., Solimano, A., Roberts, R. S., Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms, Investigators, Ibuprofen prophylaxis in preterm neonates, Lancet, 360, 492, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stewart, C. D., Morris, B. H., Huseby, V., Kennedy, K. A., Moya, F. R., Randomized trial of sterile water by gavage drip in the fluid management of extremely low birth weight infants, Journal of perinatology, 29, 26–32, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population did not have PDA before start of study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Terrin, G., Conte, F., Oncel, M. Y., Scipione, A., McNamara, P. J., Simons, S., Sinha, R., Erdeve, O., Tekgunduz, K. S., Dogan, M., Kessel, I., Hammerman, C., Nadir, E., Yurttutan, S., Jasani, B., Alan, S., Manguso, F., De Curtis, M., Paracetamol for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal EditionArch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 101, F127–36, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies assessed individually - reported independently</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van Overmeire, B., Allegaert, K., Casaer, A., Debauche, C., Decaluwe, W., Jespers, A., Weyler, J., Harrewijn, I., Langhendries, J. P., Prophylactic ibuprofen in premature infants: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet, 364, 1945–1949, 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yang, B., Gao, X., Ren, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Oral paracetamol vs. oral ibuprofen in the treatment of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants: A randomized controlled trial, Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 2531–2536, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an OECD country</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appktab6"><div id="ch3.appk.tab6" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appk.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appk.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alexander, F., Chiu, L., Kroh, M., Hammel, J., Moore, J., Analysis of outcome in 298 extremely low-birth-weight infants with patent ductus arteriosus, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 44, 112–117, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fewer than 100 patients in each arm;</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">De Buyst, J., Rakza, T., Pennaforte, T., Johansson, A. B., Storme, L., Hemodynamic effects of fluid restriction in preterm infants with significant patent ductus arteriosus, Journal of Pediatrics, 161, 404–8, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fewer than 100 patients in each arm; not comparative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heuchan, A.M., Hunter, L., Young, D., Outcomes following the surgical ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants in Scotland, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 97, F39-F44, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fewer than 100 patients in each arm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kabra, N. S., Schmidt, B., Roberts, R. S., Doyle, L. W., Papile, L., Fanaroff, A., Trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms, Investigators, Neurosensory impairment after surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants: results from the Trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterms, Journal of Pediatrics, 150, 229–34, 234.e1, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The total rates of exposure to indomethacin between birth and discharge from the study centre were identical in the 2 groups: 89% of infants in both groups received doses of randomly assigned prophylactic indomethacin, open-label therapeutic indomethacin, or both.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letshwiti, J. B., Semberova, J., Pichova, K., Dempsey, E. M., Franklin, O. M., Miletin, J., A conservative treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants, Early Human Development, 104, 45–49, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparators not relevant - received same interventions at different time points</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mandhan, P., Brown, S., Kukkady, A., Samarakkody, U., Surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm low birth weight infants, Congenital Heart Disease, 4, 34–7, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not comparative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Natarajan, G., Chawla, S., Aggarwal, S., Short-term outcomes of patent ductus arteriosus ligation in preterm neonates: reason for concern?, American Journal of Perinatology, 27, 431–437, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not relevant - immediate ligation vs delayed ligation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Niinikoski, H., Alanen, M., Parvinen, T., Aantaa, R., Ekblad, H., Kero, P., Surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in very-low-birth-weight infants, Pediatric Surgery International, 17, 338–41, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not comparative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raval, M.V., Laughon, M.M., Bose, C.L., Phillips, J.D., Patent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants: who really benefits and at what cost?, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 42, 69–75, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not comparative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rheinlaender, C., Helfenstein, D., Pees, C., Walch, E., Czernik, C., Obladen, M., Koehne, P., Neurodevelopmental outcome after COX inhibitor treatment for patent ductus arteriosus, Early Human Development, 86, 87–92, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In the comparison arm < 2/3 of infants were on ibuprofen</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stephens, B. E., Gargus, R. A., Walden, R. V., Mance, M., Nye, J., McKinley, L., Tucker, R., Vohr, B. R., Fluid regimens in the first week of life may increase risk of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants, Journal of Perinatology, 28, 123–8, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator not relevant - compared three courses of fluid regimen</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tashiro, J., Wang, B., Sola, J. E., Hogan, A. R., Neville, H. L., Perez, E. A., Patent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants in the United States, Journal of Surgical ResearchJ Surg Res, 190, 613–22, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify the proportion of patients in the control arm who received indomethacin versus ibuprofen</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tsui, I., Ebani, E., Rosenberg, J.B., Lin, J., Angert, R.M., Mian, U., Patent ductus arteriosus and indomethacin treatment as independent risk factors for plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity, Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 50, 88–92, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fewer than 100 patients in each arm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weisz, D. E., Martins, F. F., Nield, L. E., El-Khuffash, A., Jain, A., McNamara, P. J., Acetaminophen to avoid surgical ligation in extremely low gestational age neonates with persistent hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, Journal of Perinatology, 36, 649–653, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not comparative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weisz, D. E., Mirea, L., Rosenberg, E., Jang, M., Ly, L., Church, P. T., Kelly, E., Kim, S. J., Jain, A., McNamara, P. J., Shah, P. S., Association of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation With Death or Neurodevelopmental Impairment Between Extremely Preterm Infants, JAMA Pediatrics, 171, 443–449, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison arm did not specify which portion received indomethacin vs ibuprofen</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weisz, D. E., More, K., McNamara, P. J., Shah, P. S., PDA ligation and health outcomes: a meta-analysis, Pediatrics, 133, e1024–1046, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a Cochrane systematic review, studies assessed individually</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Youn, Y. A., Moon, C. J., Kim, S. Y., Lee, J. Y., Sung, I. K., Outcomes of primary ligation of patent ductus arteriosus compared with secondary ligation after pharmacologic failure in very-low-birth-weight infants, Pediatric Cardiology, 35, 793–7, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fewer than 100 patients in each arm</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appltab1"><div id="ch3.appl.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Research recommendation rationale</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appl.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Research question</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">What is the comparative efficacy of hydrocortisone compared with dexamethasone for preventing BPD in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to ‘patients’ or the population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BPD is a serious complication of prematurity. Advances in care now result in better survival of preterm babies, however these babies are highly vulnerable and at high risk for BPD. Most babies with BPD get better in time however they have significant respiratory vulnerability, are prone to chest infections, may require home oxygen and there is also an impact on long term neurodevelopmental outcome. Use of an effective steroid with minimal adverse effects could greatly improve outcomes in these babies.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Although there was some evidence from the NICE evidence review that dexamethasone decreases BPD, no studies were identified that directly examined the comparative safety or effectiveness of dexamethasone versus hydrocortisone. There is currently no consensus on the need, choice, dose or timing of postnatal steroids in the UK.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The results of the proposed research would standardise the clinical practice across neonatal units across NHS, improve patient care and potentially reduce length of stay and reduce adverse effects, which may lead to a reduction in NHS costs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">National priorities</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To decrease morbidity and mortality related to prematurity</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">From the NICE evidence review there was no robust evidence on which l steroid to use and when it should be used</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preterm neonates have an equal right to safe and effective treatment to prevent BPD, thus reducing future complication and improving their quality of life.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There are always ethical issues in conducting studies in vulnerable populations, and these would require careful consideration, but could be overcome. The numbers of children affected are also (fortunately) small, however a well conducted multicentre study would be likely to be adequately powered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appltab2"><div id="ch3.appl.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 29</span><span class="title">Research recommendation modified PICO table</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appl.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Criterion</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Explanation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preterm infants requiring respiratory support after 7 days of age</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hydrocortisone (IV/Oral)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dexamethasone (IV/Oral)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch3.l447"><li id="ch3.lt822" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt823" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia</div></li><li id="ch3.lt824" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age</div></li></ul>
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<b>Important:</b>
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|
<ul id="ch3.l448"><li id="ch3.lt825" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse effects of corticosteroids</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Double blinded randomised controlled trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Timeframe</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 years follow-up</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appltab3"><div id="ch3.appl.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 30</span><span class="title">Research recommendation rationale</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appl.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Research question</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Is nebulised budesonide effective versus placebo in preventing BPD in preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to ‘patients’ or the population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BPD is a serious complication of prematurity. Advances in care now result in better survival of preterm babies, however these babies are highly vulnerable and at high risk for BPD. Most babies with BPD get better in time however they have significant respiratory vulnerability, are prone to chest infections, may require home oxygen and also impact on long term neurodevelopmental outcome. Use of an effective steroid with minimal adverse effects could greatly improve outcomes in these babies. Systemic corticosteroids may have benefits in decreasing BPD but can have significant adverse effects on growth and neurodevelopment. Inhaled corticosteroids may offer clinical efficacy without systemic adverse effects.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In the NICE evidence review there was a lack of evidence on use of inhaled corticosteroids for prevention of BPD. Only 1 very low quality RCT was identified and only short term outcomes were captured. There is currently no consensus on the need, choice, dose or timing of postnatal steroids in the UK</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The results of the proposed research would standardise the clinical practice across neonatal units across NHS, improve patient care and potentially reduce length of stay and reduce adverse effects, which may lead to a reduction in NHS costs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">National priorities</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To decrease morbidity and mortality related to prematurity</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In the NICE evidence review, no o robust evidence on which postnatal steroid to use and when it should be used was identified.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preterm neonates have an equal right to safe and effective treatment to prevent BPD, thus reducing future complication and improving their quality of life.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There are always ethical issues in conducting studies in vulnerable populations, and these would require careful consideration, but could be overcome. The numbers of children affected are also (fortunately) small, however a well conducted multicentre study would be likely to be adequately powered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appltab4"><div id="ch3.appl.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 31</span><span class="title">Research recommendation modified PICO table</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appl.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Criterion</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Explanation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preterm infants requiring respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inhaled budesonide</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator (without the risk factor)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><b>Critical:</b></p>
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<p>Mortality prior to discharge
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<ul id="ch3.l449"><li id="ch3.lt826" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia</div></li><li id="ch3.lt827" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age</div></li></ul>
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<b>Important:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l450"><li id="ch3.lt828" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse effects of inhaled budesonide</div></li></ul></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Double blinded randomised controlled trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Timeframe</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 years follow-up</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appltab5"><div id="ch3.appl.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 32</span><span class="title">Research recommendation rationale</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appl.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Research question</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">What is the effectiveness of diuretics compared with placebo in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm babies on respiratory support?</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to ‘patients’ or the population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BPD is a significant complication of prematurity. Advances in care now result in better survival of preterm babies but these babies are highly vulnerable and at high risk for BPD, which can lead to significant respiratory vulnerability, leave babies prone to chest infections, requiring home oxygen and can also impact on long term neurodevelopmental outcomes.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In the NICE evidence review there was no evidence that diuretics prevent or reduce BPD, nor is there evidence of benefit on long term outcomes such as mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The results of the proposed research would standardise the clinical practice across neonatal units across NHS, improve patient care and potentially reduce length of stay and reduce adverse effects, which may lead to a reduction in NHS costs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">National priorities</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To decrease morbidity and mortality related to prematurity</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In the NICE evidence review, there was no robust evidence on whether diuretics are beneficial, which diuretic to use and when it should be used</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preterm babies have an equal right to safe and effective treatment to prevent BPD, thus reducing future complications and improving their quality of life.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There are always ethical issues in conducting studies in vulnerable populations and these would require careful consideration, but could be overcome. The numbers of children affected are also (fortunately) small, however a well conducted multicentre study would be likely to be adequately powered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appltab6"><div id="ch3.appl.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 33</span><span class="title">Research recommendation modified PICO table</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appl.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Criterion</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Explanation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preterm babies requiring respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diuretics (IV/oral)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><b>Critical:</b></p>
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<p>BPD at 36 weeks gestation
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<ul id="ch3.l451"><li id="ch3.lt829" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt830" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age</div></li></ul>
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<b>Important:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l452"><li id="ch3.lt831" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse effects of diuretics</div></li></ul></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Double blinded randomised control trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Timeframe</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 2 years follow-up</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appltab7"><div id="ch3.appl.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 34</span><span class="title">Research recommendation rationale</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appl.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Research question</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">What is the effectiveness of diuretics compared with placebo in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm babies on respiratory support?</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to ‘patients’ or the population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BPD is a significant complication of prematurity. Advances in care now result in better survival of preterm babies but these babies are highly vulnerable and at high risk for BPD, which can lead to significant respiratory vulnerability, leave babies prone to chest infections, requiring home oxygen and also impact on long term neurodevelopmental outcomes.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In the NICE evidence review, there was no evidence for the effectiveness of diuretics to treat BPD or evidence of benefit on long term outcomes such as mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The results of the proposed research would standardise the clinical practice across neonatal units across NHS, improve patient care and potentially reduce length of stay and reduce adverse effects, which may lead to a reduction in NHS costs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">National priorities</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To decrease morbidity and mortality related to prematurity</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In the NICE evidence review there was no robust evidence on whether diuretics are beneficial, which diuretic to use and when it should be used</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preterm neonates have an equal right to safe and effective treatment for BPD, thus reducing future complications and improving their quality of life.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There are always ethical issues in conducting studies in vulnerable populations and these would require careful consideration, but could be overcome. The numbers of children affected are also (fortunately) small, however a well conducted multicentre study would be likely to be adequately powered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appltab8"><div id="ch3.appl.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 35</span><span class="title">Research recommendation modified PICO table</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appl.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Criterion</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Explanation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preterm babies requiring respiratory support at 36 weeks gestation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diuretics (IV/oral)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l453"><li id="ch3.lt832" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt833" class="half_rhythm"><div>Respiratory support including oxygen prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch3.lt834" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age</div></li></ul>
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<b>Important:</b>
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<ul id="ch3.l454"><li id="ch3.lt835" class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse effects of diuretics</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Double blinded randomised control trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Timeframe</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 years follow-up</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appltab9"><div id="ch3.appl.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 36</span><span class="title">Research recommendation rationale</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appl.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Research question</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">What is the optimal maintenance dose of caffeine citrate in order to optimise neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm babies?</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to ‘patients’ or the population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preterm babies are at a high risk of severe and debilitating life-long complications. BPD is an important complication of prematurity. Advances in care now result in better survival of preterm infants however these infants are highly vulnerable and at high risk for BPD. Most babies with BPD get better in time however they have significant respiratory vulnerability, prone to chest infections, may require home oxygen and there is also an impact on long term neurodevelopmental outcome.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>High priority:</p>
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<p>Published evidence identified for the NICE evidence review did not provide any information on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes with higher doses of caffeine citrate, so it was not possible to provide guidance on the most optimal and effective maintenance dose of caffeine citrate that will provide better neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm babies.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The results of the proposed research would standardise clinical practice across neonatal units across NHS, improve patient care and potentially reduce length of stay and reduce adverse effects, which may lead to a reduction in NHS costs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">National priorities</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To decrease morbidity and mortality related to prematurity.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There was insufficient evidence in the NICE evidence review on the most optimal and effective maintenance dose of caffeine citrate that will provide better neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm babies.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pre-term babies are at higher risk of long-term health complications due the nature of their prematurity. They have an equal right as older babies to have better health and Quality of Life outcomes</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch3appltab10"><div id="ch3.appl.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 37</span><span class="title">Research recommendation modified PICO table</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577839/table/ch3.appl.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch3.appl.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Criterion</th><th id="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Explanation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants <30 weeks or <1.5Kg. Analysis by gestational age (or weight), and type of respiratory support cohorts.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Caffeine citrate: intravenous or oral</p>
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<p>Loading dose = 20mg/kg</p>
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<p>Maintenance dose = 5mg/kg/day starting 24 hours after the loading dose</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Caffeine citrate: intravenous or oral</p>
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<p>Loading dose = 20mg/kg</p>
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<p>Maintenance doses = 10mg/kg/day; 20mg/kg/day or 30mg/kg/day starting 24 hours after the loading dose</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p><b>Critical:</b></p>
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<p>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months:</p>
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<p>Cerebral palsy (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</p>
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<p>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, not continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)</p>
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<p>Severe (score of >2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayley’s assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</p>
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<p>Moderate (Score of 1–2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayley’s assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70–84)</p>
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<p>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</p>
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<p>Severe hearing impairment (e.g. deaf)</p>
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<p>Severe visual impairment (e.g. blind)</p>
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<p><b>Important:</b></p>
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<p>Apnoea of prematurity</p>
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<p>Extubation failure</p>
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<p>Days on invasive ventilation</p>
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<p>BPD</p>
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<p>Retinopathy of prematurity</p>
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<p>Adverse effects including tachycardia, gastrointestinal side-effects</p>
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<p>Combination of above-disease free survival-primary outcome</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multicentre randomised controlled trial with longitudinal follow-up</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Timeframe</td><td headers="hd_h_ch3.appl.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5–6 years to ensure a sufficient number of babies are enrolled and followed up for a minimum of 2 years</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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