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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng124er6-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence reviews for involving and supporting parents and carers" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK577836_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence reviews for involving and supporting parents and carers</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Specialist neonatal respiratory care for babies born preterm</div><p><b>Evidence review F</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 124</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Alliance (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2019 Apr</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3339-6</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="ch6.s1"><h2 id="_ch6_s1_">Involving and supporting parents and carers</h2><p>This evidence report contains information on 3 reviews relating to involving and supporting parents and carers.</p><ul id="ch6.l183"><li id="ch6.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</div></li><li id="ch6.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</div></li><li id="ch6.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</div></li></ul><div id="ch6.s1.1"><h3>Review question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h3><div id="ch6.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Preterm babies receiving respiratory support on a neonatal unit, particularly over a prolonged period, require attention to their ongoing developmental needs. While high-quality medical management and the use of specialised equipment is important for mortality and morbidity, these can also be influenced by the way in which the baby is cared for ex-utero. Attention to positioning, opportunities for contact, particularly skin to skin holding, appropriate progression of feeding and interaction all contribute to optimum neurodevelopmental outcomes. Parents are their baby’s best advocates and carers, a fact that is recognised by the growing implementation of programmes and philosophies of care such as the Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme (NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>) and Family Integrated Care (FIC). Staff training and education in behavioural cues is also necessary in order to support parents and optimise the effectiveness of their involvement in their baby’s care, including maximising opportunities for interaction.</p><p>This review aims to explore the effectiveness of parent and carer involvement in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support and aims to identify which types of involvement can have a positive effect on factors such as length of stay, oxygen dependency and neurodevelopmental outcomes.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab1" rid-ob="figobch6tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><p>For full details see review protocol in <a href="#ch6.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.3"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.1.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Sixteen publications of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref3">Als 1994</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2">Als 2003</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref1">Als 2004</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref4">Buehler 1995</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref6">Fleisher 1995</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref7">Harding 2014</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref8">Maguire 2009a</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref9">Maguire 2009b</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref10">McAnulty 2010</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref11">McAnulty 2009</a>, O’Brien 2018, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref12">Peters 2009</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref13">Roberts 2000</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref14">Rojas 2003</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref17">Westrup 2000</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref16">Westrup 2004</a>).</p><p>One was a multicentre international study (O’Brien 2018), 9 were performed in the USA (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref3">Als 1994</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2">Als 2003</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref1">Als 2004</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref4">Buehler 1995</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref6">Fleisher 1995</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref7">Harding 2014</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref10">McAnulty 2010</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref11">McAnulty 2009</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref14">Rojas 2003</a>), 2 in Sweden (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref17">Westrup 2000</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref16">Westrup 2004</a>), 2 in the Netherlands (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref8">Maguire 2009a</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref9">Maguire 2009b</a>), 1 in Canada (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref12">Peters 2009</a>) and 1 in the UK (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref13">Roberts 2000</a>).</p><p>Two RCTs examined kangaroo care and skin to skin contact compared to conventional cuddling and traditional holding (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref13">Roberts 2000</a> and <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref14">Rojas 2003</a>).</p><p>One RCT examined non-nutritive sucking prior to and at onset of nasogastric tube feeding compared to no non-nutritive sucking intervention (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref7">Harding 2014</a>).</p><p>One cluster RCT examined Family Integrated Care (FIC) compared to standard neonatal intensive care unit care (O’Brien 2018)</p><p>The remaining publications were RCTs (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref3">Als 1994</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2">Als 2003</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref1">Als 2004</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref4">Buehler 1995</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref6">Fleisher 1995</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref8">Maguire 2009a</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref9">Maguire 2009b</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref12">Peters 2009</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref17">Westrup 2000</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref16">Westrup 2004</a>), follow up studies at longer follow up periods (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref3">Als 1994</a> [<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref10">McAnulty 2010</a>]; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref8">Maguire 2009a</a> [<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref9">Maguire 2009b</a>]) or secondary publications of additional outcomes from previously published data (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref3">Als 1994</a> and 2003 [<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref11">McAnulty 2009</a>]) that examined NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard neonatal intensive care unit care.</p><p>There was no RCT or cohort study evidence for positive touch, comfort holding, verbal interaction, early feeding involvement or guided participation.</p><p>Most of the included studies reported length of hospital stay for the initial admission and some also reported bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), neurodevelopmental and neurosensory outcomes, sepsis and Mortality prior to discharge. None of the included studies reported parent/carer satisfaction outcomes.</p><p>See literature search strategy in <a href="#ch6.appb">appendix B</a> and the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review, and their reasons for exclusion, are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">appendix K</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab2" rid-ob="figobch6tab2">Table 2</a> provides a brief summary of the included studies.</p><p>See <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> for clinical evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.5"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#ch6.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.6"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.1.6.1"><h5>Existing economic evidence</h5><p>No existing economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of interventions with a focus on parent carer involvement in the care of preterm babies requiring respiratory support was identified by the literature searches of the economic literature undertaken for this guideline.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.6.2"><h5>Economic model</h5><p>A decision analytical model was developed to assess the relative cost-effectiveness of parent/carer interventions for preterm babies requiring respiratory care. The rationale for economic modelling, the methodology adopted, the results and the conclusions from this economic analysis are described in detail in <a href="#ch6.appj">appendix J</a>. Completed methodology checklist of guideline economic analysis is provided in <a href="#ch6.appm">appendix M</a>. Economic evidence profile is presented in <a href="#ch6.appi">appendix I</a>. This section provides a summary of the methods employed and the results of the guideline economic analysis.</p><div id="ch6.s1.1.6.2.1"><h5>Overview of methods</h5><p>A decision-analytic model in the form of a simple Markov model was constructed to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of interventions with a focus on parent/carer involvement in the care of preterm babies requiring respiratory support. The interventions assessed were NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) compared with standard care only. The choice of interventions assessed in the economic analysis was determined by the availability of respective clinical data included in the guideline systematic literature review. The economic analysis considered effective interventions, as demonstrated by the systematic review of clinical evidence. The study population comprised of preterm babies requiring respiratory care (<27 weeks’ gestation). Clinical data were derived from 2 studies included in the guideline systematic review of clinical evidence and other published literature.</p><p>The measure of outcome in the economic analysis was the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. The perspective of the analysis was that of NHS and PSS. Resource use and cost data was based on the published literature and where necessary supplemented with the committee’s expert opinion. National UK unit costs were used. The cost year was 2017. Two methods were employed for the analysis of input parameter data and the presentation of the results. First, a deterministic analysis was undertaken, where data were analysed as point estimates and results were presented in the form of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) following the principles of incremental analysis. A probabilistic analysis was subsequently performed in which most of the model input parameters were assigned probability distributions. Subsequently, 10,000 iterations were performed, each drawing random values out of the distributions fitted onto the model input parameters. Mean costs and QALYs for each treatment option were calculated by averaging across the 10,000 iterations. This approach allowed more comprehensive consideration of the uncertainty characterising the input parameters and captured the non-linearity characterising the economic model structure. Results of the probabilistic analysis were also summarised in the form of cost-effectiveness acceptability curves, which express the probability of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> being cost-effective at various at various cost-effectiveness thresholds. Various deterministic sensitivity analyses were undertaken to test the robustness of the conclusions. Sub-group analysis was undertaken to explore the cost-effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> in preterm babies 27-34 weeks’ gestation. Also, a secondary analysis was undertaken where the cost-effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> was explored using a wider public sector perspective.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.6.2.2"><h5>Findings of the base-case economic analysis</h5><p>According to deterministic analysis, from an NHS and PSS perspective in preterm babies <27 weeks’ gestation NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) was a cost-effective option with a cost per QALY of £14,380 (versus standard care) that is below the lower threshold of £20,000 per QALY. According to the deterministic sensitivity analyses, the results were sensitive to the risk ratio of neurodevelopmental problems for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> with a potential for the ICER to increase above the threshold of £30,000 per QALY when using the upper confidence interval value for the risk ratio of neurodevelopmental problems (cognitive domain). The results were also sensitive to the utility value for moderate neurodevelopmental problems with a potential for the ICER of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>to be above £20,000 per QALY threshold. The conclusions wree robust to changes in other model inputs including cost inputs and baseline rates.</p><p>The conclusions of the probabilistic analysis were similar to those of deterministic analysis. At the lower threshold of £20,000 per QALY (NICE, 2008b) the probability of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) being cost-effective was 0.673 and it increased to 0.843 at the threshold of £30,000 per QALY. NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) became dominant in preterm babies <27 weeks’ gestation from a wider public sector perspective.</p><p>The results of the sub-group analysis indicated that from an NHS and PSS perspective and also a wider public sector perspective NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) was unlikely to be cost-effective in preterm babies >27 weeks’ gestation.</p><p>A threshold analysis was undertaken which indicated that for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> to be cost-effective in preterm babies >27 weeks’ gestation at the threshold of £20,000 per QALY the public sector costs per child with neurodevelopmental problems would need to be substantially higher than expected and as a result, NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> is unlikely to be cost-effective in this sub-group of babies even from a wider public sector perspective. Although, the cost-effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> in preterm babies >27 weeks’ gestation may be improved when condsidering a longer lifetime horizon. However, clinical and cost data was insufficient to inform such analysis.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.6.2.3"><h5>Strengths and limitations</h5><p>This analysis attempted to estimate the cost-effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) in preterm babies requiring respiratory support with clinical data from the guideline systematic review. Clinical data on NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> was limited and focused only on the neurodevelopmental mental delay. However, the effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> in terms of reduction in neurodevelopmental mental delay was judged by the committee to be very important. Due to the lack of suitable data the NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> intervention cost was based on the committee expert opinion. Also, there was a lack of cost data in children with neurodevelopmental problems.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7"><h4>Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.1"><h5>Comparison 1. Kangaroo care or skin to skin contact versus conventional care</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.1.1.1"><h5>Initial hospital admission duration</h5><ul id="ch6.l211"><li id="ch6.lt75" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (number of participants, n=30) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in initial hospital admission duration between kangaroo care and conventional cuddling care.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.1.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia</h5><ul id="ch6.l212"><li id="ch6.lt76" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.1.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months</h5><ul id="ch6.l213"><li id="ch6.lt77" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.1.2.1"><h5>Sepsis</h5><ul id="ch6.l214"><li id="ch6.lt78" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=60) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in sepsis incidence between skin to skin contact and traditional holding.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.1.2.2"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch6.l215"><li id="ch6.lt79" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=60) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in Mortality prior to discharge between skin to skin contact and traditional holding.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.1.2.3"><h5>Infant growth defined as changes in z scores at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age</h5><ul id="ch6.l216"><li id="ch6.lt80" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.1.2.4"><h5>Parental/ carer satisfaction using validated scales</h5><ul id="ch6.l217"><li id="ch6.lt81" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.2"><h5>Comparison 2. Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) versus no NNS</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.2.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.2.1.1"><h5>Initial hospital admission duration</h5><ul id="ch6.l218"><li id="ch6.lt82" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=39) showed that there may be a clinically significant reduction in initial hospital admission duration with pre-nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding NNS compared to no NNS but there is uncertainty around the estimate</div></li><li id="ch6.lt83" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=40) showed that there is a clinically significant reduction in initial hospital admission duration with NNS at onset of NGT feeding compared to no NNS.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.2.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia</h5><ul id="ch6.l219"><li id="ch6.lt84" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.2.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months</h5><ul id="ch6.l220"><li id="ch6.lt85" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.2.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.2.2.1"><h5>Sepsis</h5><ul id="ch6.l221"><li id="ch6.lt86" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.2.2.2"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch6.l222"><li id="ch6.lt87" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.2.2.3"><h5>Infant growth defined as changes in z scores at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age</h5><ul id="ch6.l223"><li id="ch6.lt88" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.2.2.4"><h5>Parental/ carer satisfaction using validated scales</h5><ul id="ch6.l224"><li id="ch6.lt89" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.3"><h5>Comparison 3. Family Integrated Care (FIC) versus standard care</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.3.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.3.1.1"><h5>Initial hospital admission duration</h5><ul id="ch6.l225"><li id="ch6.lt90" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from one cluster RCT with a low risk of bias (n=26 sites, n=1786 babies) showed a clinically significant longer initial hospital admission duration with FIC compared to standard care for preterm babies of 33 weeks gestational age or less. When the analysis was adjusted for baseline characteristics however, there was no clinically significant difference.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.3.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia</h5><ul id="ch6.l226"><li id="ch6.lt91" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from one cluster RCT (n=26 sites, n=1786 babies) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia with FIC compared to standard care for preterm babies of 33 weeks gestational age or less</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.3.1.3"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months</h5><ul id="ch6.l227"><li id="ch6.lt92" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this critical outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.3.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.3.2.1"><h5>Sepsis</h5><ul id="ch6.l228"><li id="ch6.lt93" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.3.2.2"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch6.l229"><li id="ch6.lt94" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from one cluster RCT (n=26 sites, n=1786 babies) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in Mortality prior to discharge with FIC compared to standard care for preterm babies of 33 weeks gestational age or less.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.3.2.3"><h5>Infant growth defined as changes in z scores at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age</h5><ul id="ch6.l230"><li id="ch6.lt95" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.3.2.4"><h5>Parental/ carer satisfaction using validated scales</h5><ul id="ch6.l231"><li id="ch6.lt96" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4"><h5>Comparison 4. NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.1.1"><h5>Initial hospital admission duration</h5><ul id="ch6.l232"><li id="ch6.lt97" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 8 RCTs (n=506) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in initial hospital admission duration with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies overall.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt98" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=162) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in initial hospital admission duration with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <28 weeks gestational age.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt99" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=35) showed that there may be a clinically significant reduction in initial hospital admission duration with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <30 weeks gestational age but there is uncertainty around the estimate.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt100" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=255) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in initial hospital admission duration with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <32 weeks gestational age.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt101" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=30) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in initial hospital admission duration with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies 28-34 weeks gestational age.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt102" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=24) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in initial hospital admission duration with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies 30-34 weeks gestational age.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.1.2"><h5>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia</h5><ul id="ch6.l233"><li id="ch6.lt103" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 7 RCTs (n=487) showed that there may be a clinically significant reduction in bronchopulmonary dysplasia with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies overall but there is uncertainty around the estimate.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt104" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=164) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <28 weeks gestational age.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt105" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=293) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <32 weeks gestational age.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt106" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=30) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies 28-32 weeks gestational age.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.1.3"><h5>Cerebral palsy</h5><ul id="ch6.l234"><li id="ch6.lt107" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=149) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies overall</div></li><li id="ch6.lt108" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=22) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <28 weeks gestational age</div></li><li id="ch6.lt109" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=127) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in cerebral palsy with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <32 weeks gestational age</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.1.4"><h5>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months: neurodevelopmental mental delay</h5><ul id="ch6.l235"><li id="ch6.lt110" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=240) showed that there is a clinically significant reduction in moderate or severe neurodevelopmental mental delay (assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development [BSID], MDI sub-scale, followed up at between 18 months and 2 years corrected age) with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies</div></li><li id="ch6.lt111" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=101) showed that there is a clinically significant reduction in severe neurodevelopmental mental delay (assessed using BSID, MDI sub-scale, followed up at 18 months) with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <32 weeks gestational age</div></li><li id="ch6.lt112" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=139) showed that there is no difference in moderate or severe neurodevelopmental mental delay (assessed using BSID, MDI sub-scale, followed up at 2 years corrected age) with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <32 weeks gestational age</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.1.5"><h5>Psychomotor delay</h5><ul id="ch6.l236"><li id="ch6.lt113" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=139) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in moderate or severe psychomotor delay (assessed using BSID at 1 and 2 years) with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <32 weeks gestational age</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.1.6"><h5>Severe hearing impairment</h5><ul id="ch6.l237"><li id="ch6.lt114" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=149) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in severe hearing impairment (followed up at between 18 months and 8 years corrected age) with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies overall</div></li><li id="ch6.lt115" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=22) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in severe hearing impairment (followed up at 8 years corrected age) with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <30 weeks gestational age</div></li><li id="ch6.lt116" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (n=127) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in severe hearing impairment (followed up at 18 months and 5 years) with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <32 weeks gestational age</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.1.7"><h5>Severe visual impairment</h5><ul id="ch6.l238"><li id="ch6.lt117" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=26) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in severe visual impairment (followed up at 5 years) with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <32 weeks gestational age</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.2.1"><h5>Sepsis</h5><ul id="ch6.l239"><li id="ch6.lt118" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 4 RCTs (n=329) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in sepsis incidence with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies overall</div></li><li id="ch6.lt119" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=33) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in sepsis incidence with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <30 weeks gestational age</div></li><li id="ch6.lt120" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=296) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in sepsis incidence with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <32 weeks gestational age</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.2.2"><h5>Mortality prior to discharge</h5><ul id="ch6.l240"><li id="ch6.lt121" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (n=309) showed that there is no clinically significant difference in Mortality prior to discharge with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies <32 weeks gestational age.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.2.3"><h5>Infant growth defined as changes in z scores at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age</h5><ul id="ch6.l241"><li id="ch6.lt122" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7.4.2.4"><h5>Parental/ carer satisfaction using validated scales</h5><ul id="ch6.l242"><li id="ch6.lt123" class="half_rhythm"><div>No evidence was found for this important outcome.</div></li></ul><p>See <a href="#ch6.appe">appendix E</a> for Forest plots.</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.8"><h4>Economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch6.l243"><li id="ch6.lt124" class="half_rhythm"><div>Guideline economic analysis indicated that NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) compared with standard care is cost-effective in preterm babies <27 weeks’ gestation from an NHS and PSS perspective. At the threshold of £20,000 per QALY the probability of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> being cost-effective was 0.673 and it increased to 0.843 at the threshold of £30,000 per QALY. NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) is unlikely to be cost-effective in preterm babies >27 weeks’ gestation from NHS & PSS perspective and also from a wider public sector perspective. This evidence was directly applicable to the NICE decision-making context and was characterised by minor methodological limitations.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt125" class="half_rhythm"><div>No existing economic evidence on the cost-effectiveness of interventions with a focus on parent carer involvement in the care of preterm babies requiring respiratory support was available.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.9"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee agreed that the aims of involving parents and carers in caring for preterm babies on respiratory support were to reduce the length of hospital stay and the incidence of BPD, and to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes, and the committee therefore prioritised these as critical outcomes. The committee agreed that neurodevelopmental outcomes were the most important of these because of the life-long impact on the affected baby and their parents or carers.</p><p>The committee were keen to see if there was evidence that parent and carer involvement reduced Mortality prior to discharge and rates of sepsis and so these were chosen as important outcomes. Infant growth (defined as changes in z scores for weight, height or head circumference) was prioritised as an important outcome as this would be a more immediate marker of the potential benefit of the involvement of parents and carers in a baby’s care. Finally, parental satisfaction was chosen as an important outcome to determine if involvement was felt to be of benefit to the parents and carers too.</p><p>Evidence from RCTs was available for four of the interventions stipulated in the protocol - kangaroo or skin to skin care, non-nutritive sucking, FIC and NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>. Evidence was assessed using GRADE methodology.</p><p>For kangaroo care or skin to skin care no evidence was found for the critical outcomes BPD and neurodevelopmental outcome and for the important outcomes infant growth and parent/carer satisfaction.</p><p>For non-nutritive sucking no evidence was found for the critical outcomes BPD and neurodevelopmental outcome and for the important outcomes sepsis, Mortality prior to discharge, infant growth and parent/carer satisfaction.</p><p>For FIC no evidence was found for the critical outcome neurodevelopmental outcome and for the important outcomes sepsis, infant growth and parent/carer satisfaction.</p><p>For NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> no evidence was found for the important outcomes infant growth and parent/carer satisfaction.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. It was most often downgraded because of the uncertainty around the risk estimate or because of risk of bias introduced by a high risk of contamination across treatment groups. This was due to the fact that blinding of parents and NICU staff to treatment allocation was not feasible for the NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> intervention. There was heterogeneity within some meta-analyses. In most cases subgroup analysis according to gestational age accounted for this heterogeneity but otherwise a random effects model was used.</p><p>Meta-analysis and stratification of results by gestational age was performed for some NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> outcomes although stratification as specified in the protocol was not possible from the available data.</p><p>Due to the lack of data for some interventions and outcomes the committee made a research recommendation, prioritising the need for more evidence on the impact of Family Integrated Care and parental involvement as part of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> on length of hospital stay and BPD.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>The evidence that was included for kangaroo care and skin to skin care was limited to two small RCTs, creating uncertainty around the risk estimate for the three relevant outcomes presented. However, in combination with their own experience, the committee were aware of a large body of RCT evidence from developing world settings (mainly South America) that had established the benefits of this type of care, and of evidence from observational studies conducted in UK settings examining surrogate outcomes such as heart rate. The committee were also aware of other studies examining the mechanisms underlying the benefits of care, for example, the positive effect of kangaroo care in reducing cortisol levels and raising oxytocin levels, which aided breastfeeding and improved babies’ digestion. Therefore, although some of this evidence was for a different population, and not for preterm babies receiving respiratory support in a NHS setting, the committee considered that there would be very little risk of harm associated with this practice and it would be difficult to justify a “no treatment” comparison group in further research on kangaroo or skin to skin care in preterm babies receiving respiratory care in UK hospital settings. The committee identified that in their clinical experience the only risk from kangaroo or skin to skin care was the risk of accidently extubating a baby, but that this was extremely rare. The committee therefore made a recommendation to support parents and carers by advising them about the potential benefits of interacting with their baby using practices such as skin-to-skin or kangaroo care.</p><p>While the review did not identify any evidence on verbal interaction, from their clinical knowledge, the committee were aware of the benefits of early communication for the development of the preterm baby’s hearing.</p><p>Evidence from one small RCT demonstrated that there was a clinically significant reduction in length of hospital stay when non-nutritive sucking was offered at the onset of nasogastric tube feeding. The committee made a recommendation to explain the benefits of non-nutritive sucking to parents based on the evidence, the physiological rationale of feeding reinforcing the sucking reflex as these actions are simultaneous, and because they believed there would be no associated harm. However, a weak recommendation was made to consider non-nutritive sucking opportunities in between feeds if the baby showed an interest in sucking. The committee believed this might also improve feeding, but the evidence did not demonstrate a parallel reduction in length of hospital stay and the physiological rationale did not directly support a stronger recommendation.</p><p>Evidence from a large cluster randomised trial demonstrated no additional benefit with FIC compared to standard care for two critical outcomes and one important outcome. The committee discussed the limitations of the contributing study and the feasibility for and impact on parents and carers of a commitment to participate in the care of their baby for 6 hours in the neonatal unit on a daily basis. Although the committee agreed with the principles forming the basis of FIC, they chose not to make a clinical recommendation believing that these principles underlie many of the clinical recommendations made across the guideline.</p><p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> is an intervention comprising a detailed neurobehavioural observation of the baby with recommendations then made for individualised care and interaction based on the baby’s cues of challenge or competence. This is delivered by a neonatal professional extensively trained over two years in neuro-behaviour. Whilst the evidence did not demonstrate clear benefit for most of the outcomes that were prioritised for review, there was no evidence of harm – and benefit was demonstrated for one of the componemnts of the key outcome of neurodevelopment at 18 months and subsequent follow-up, when used with infants under 27 weeks. The committee acknowledged the considerable expense of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> training but also noted that few NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professionals are required per unit and that being part of a NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> network or having access to a NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professional to ensure the use of the NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> approach would have beneficial effects.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>There was no published economic evidence available for this review. The committee agreed that interventions such as skin to skin care or kangaroo care are cheap to deliver and would not require additional NHS resources.</p><p>The committee further discussed that offering parents and carers information and support is an integral part of services in most centres and any supplementary advice on the potential benefits of interacting with their baby (for example skin-to-skin care) would have only modest resource implications, if any.</p><p>The committee agreed that offering non-nutritive sucking would not require additional NHS resources.</p><p>The guideline economic analysis indicated that from an NHS & PSS perspective in preterm babies <27 weeks’ gestation NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) was a cost-effective option with a cost per QALY of £14,380 (versus standard care) that is below the threshold of £20,000 per QALY. At the threshold of £20,000 per QALY (NICE, 2008b) the probability of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) being cost-effective was 0.673 and it increased to 0.843 at the threshold of £30,000 per QALY. NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) became dominant in preterm babies <27 weeks’ gestation from a wider public sector perspective.</p><p>The results of the sub-group analysis indicated that from an NHS & PSS and also a wider public sector perspective NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (in addition to standard care) was unlikely to be cost-effective in preterm babies >27 weeks’ gestation. A threshold analysis indicated that the public sector cost would need to be substantially higher than expected for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> to be cost-effective in preterm babies >27 weeks’ gestation at the threshold of £20,000 per QALY.</p><p>The committee noted the additional cost of providing NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> in comparison to other developmental care approaches - the initial training is more costly. However, only a few neonatal staff within a centre would need to be trained to deliver NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>. Also, the apportioned cost of training per preterm baby is likely to be negligible. In addition, there are also important additional benefits for family members, caregivers and society as the likelihood of looking after a child with long-term developmental problems is reduced. Particularly so, since infants with neurodevelopmental problems are likely to incur higher education costs once they start school; if NIDCAP reduces neurodevelopmental mental delay, it could reduce education costs later in life.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.3"><h5>Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>The committee considered the fact that some families found it difficult to be present on the neonatal unit every day or for long periods of time, and for these parents and carers these recommendations might be more difficult to implement, but the committee agreed that parents/carers should be encouraged to be present on the neonatal unit with their baby for as long as possible and as often as possible, depending on their individual circumstances.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.rl.r1"><h4>References</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref1"><p id="p-290">
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<strong>Als 2004</strong>
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</p>Als, H, Duffy, Fh, McAnulty, Gb, Rivkin, Mj, Early experience alters brain function and structure, Pediatrics, 113, 846–57, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15060237" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15060237</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref2"><p id="p-291">
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<strong>Als 2003</strong>
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</p>Als, H, Gilkerson, L, Duffy, Fh, A three-center, randomized, controlled trial of individualized developmental care for very low birth weight preterm infants: medical, neurodevelopmental, parenting, and caregiving effects, Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 24, 399–408, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14671473" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14671473</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref3"><p id="p-292">
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<strong>Als 1994</strong>
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</p>Als, H., Lawhon, G., Duffy, F. H., Individualized developmental care for the very low-birth-weight preterm infant: Medical and neurofunctional effects, JAMA, 272, 853–858, 1994 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8078162" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8078162</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref4"><p id="p-293">
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||
<strong>Buehler 1995</strong>
|
||
</p>Buehler, D. M., Als, H., Duffy, F. H., Effectiveness of individualized developmental care for low-risk preterm infants: behavioral and electrophysiologic evidence, Pediatrics, 96, 923–32, 1995 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7478837" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7478837</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref5"><p id="p-294">
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||
<strong>Cruz 2018</strong>
|
||
</p>Cruz, M., Ye, X. Y., Mirea, L., Tarnow-Mordi, W., Lee, S. K., O’Brien, K., Lee, S., Bracht, M., Caouette, G., Ng, E., McMillan, D., Ly, L., Dow, K., Taylor, R., Monterrosa, L., Canning, R., Sankaran, K., Bingham, W., Soraisham, A., el Helos, S., Alvaro, R., Narvey, M., da Silva, O., Osiovich, H., Emberley, J., Catelin, C., St. Aubin, L., Warkentin, T., Kalapesi, Z., Bodani, J., Lui, K., Kho, G., Kecskes, Z., Stack, J., Schmidt, P., Paradisis, M., Broadbent, R., Raiman, C., Wong, C., Cabot, M., L’Herault, M., Gignac, M. A., Marquis, M. H., Leblanc, M., Travell, C., Furlong, M., Van Bergen, A., Ottenhof, M., Keron, H., Bowley, C., Cross, S., Kozinka, G., Cobham-Richards, V., Northrup, K., Gilbert-Rogers, C., Pidgeon, P., McDuff, K., Leger, N., Thiel, C., Willard, S., Ma, E., Kostecky, L., Pogorzelski, D., Jacob, S., Kwiatkowski, K., Cook, V., Granke, N., Geoghegan-Morphet, N., Bowell, H., Claydon, J., Tucker, N., Lemaitre, T., Doyon, M., Ryan, C., Sheils, J., Sibbons, E., Feary, A. M., Callander, I., Richard, R., Orbeso, J., Broom, M., Fox, A., Seuseu, J., Hourigan, J., Schaeffer, C., Mantha, G., Lataigne, M., Robson, K., Whitehead, L., Skinner, N., Visconti, R., Crosland, D., Griffin, K., Griffin, B., Collins, L., Meyer, K., Silver, I., Burnham, B., Freeman, R., Muralt, K., Ramsay, C., McGrath, P., Munroe, M., Hales, D., Effectiveness of Family Integrated Care in neonatal intensive care units on infant and parent outcomes: a multicentre, multinational, cluster-randomised controlled trial, The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 2, 245–254, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30169298" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30169298</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref6"><p id="p-295">
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||
<strong>Fleisher 1995</strong>
|
||
</p>Fleisher, B. E., VandenBerg, K., Constantinou, J., Individualized developmental care for very-low-birth-weight premature infants, Clinical Pediatrics, 34, 523–9, 1995 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8591679" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8591679</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref7"><p id="p-296">
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||
<strong>Harding 2014</strong>
|
||
</p>Harding, C., Frank, L., Van Someren, V., How does non-nutritive sucking support infant feeding?, Infant Behavior and Development, 37, 457–464, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24974134" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24974134</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref8"><p id="p-297">
|
||
<strong>Maguire 2009a</strong>
|
||
</p>Maguire, C. M., Walther, F. J., Sprij, A. J., Leiden Developmental Care, Project, Effects of individualized developmental care in a randomized trial of preterm infants <32 weeks, Pediatrics, 124, 1021–30, 2009 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19786441" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19786441</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref9"><p id="p-298">
|
||
<strong>Maguire 2009b</strong>
|
||
</p>Maguire, C. M., Walther, F. J., van Zwieten, P. H., Follow-up outcomes at 1 and 2 years of infants born less than 32 weeks after Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program, Pediatrics, 123, 1081–7, 2009 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19336365" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19336365</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref10"><p id="p-299">
|
||
<strong>McAnulty 2010</strong>
|
||
</p>McAnulty, Gb, Duffy, Fh, Butler, Sc, Effects of the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) at age 8 years: preliminary data, Clinical Pediatrics, 49, 258–270, 2010 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4097037/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4097037</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19448128" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19448128</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref11"><p id="p-300">
|
||
<strong>McAnulty 2009</strong>
|
||
</p>McAnulty, G, Duffy, Fh, Butler, S, H, Individualized developmental care for a large sample of very preterm infants: health, neurobehaviour and neurophysiology, Acta Paediatrica, 98, 1920–1926, 2009 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4097011/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4097011</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19735497" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19735497</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref12"><p id="p-301">
|
||
<strong>Peters 2009</strong>
|
||
</p>Peters, K. L., Rosychuk, R. J., Hendson, L., Improvement of short- and long-term outcomes for very low birth weight infants: Edmonton NIDCAP trial, Pediatrics, 124, 1009–20, 2009 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19786440" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19786440</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref13"><p id="p-302">
|
||
<strong>Roberts 2000</strong>
|
||
</p>Roberts, K. L., Paynter, C., McEwan, B., A comparison of kangaroo mother care and conventional cuddling care, Neonatal Network, 19, 31–35, 2000 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11949100" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11949100</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref14"><p id="p-303">
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||
<strong>Rojas 2003</strong>
|
||
</p>Rojas, Ma, Kaplan, M, Quevedo, M, Somatic growth of preterm infants during skin-to-skin care versus traditional holding: a randomized, controlled trial, Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 24, 163–168, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12806228" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12806228</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref15"><p id="p-304">
|
||
<strong>Wallin 2006</strong>
|
||
</p>Wallin, L, Eriksson
|
||
M. Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program – NIDCAP. Stockholm, Sweden: The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. SBU alert; 2006-03 2006-06-07. 2006. Available at: <a href="http://www.sbu.se/en/Published/Alert/Newborn-Individualized-Developmental-Care-and-Assessment-Program-NIDCAP/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.sbu.se/en<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/Published/Alert/Newborn-Individualized-Developmental-Care-and-Assessment-Program-NIDCAP/</a> [accessed July 2014]. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28876783" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28876783</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref16"><p id="p-305">
|
||
<strong>Westrup 2004</strong>
|
||
</p>Westrup, B, Böhm, B, Lagercrantz, H, Preschool outcome in children born very prematurely and cared for according to the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP), Acta Paediatrica, 93, 498–507, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15188978" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15188978</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref17"><p id="p-306">
|
||
<strong>Westrup 2000</strong>
|
||
</p>Westrup, B., Kleberg, A., von Eichwald, K., A randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effects of the newborn individualized developmental care and assessment program in a Swedish setting, Pediatrics, 105, 66–72, 2000 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10617706" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10617706</span></a>]</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2"><h3>Review question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h3><div id="ch6.s1.2.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>For parents, having a premature baby who requires respiratory support is an extremely stressful experience, and can be overwhelming. As well as being an emotionally difficult time, the practical difficulties families might face in being with, and caring for, their baby can cause additional stress and upset. Some families find it difficult to visit their baby consistently, and while many neonatal units offer some practical support to families (like overnight accommodation or help with travel costs), access to support varies between units. Needing respiratory support can also present unique challenges to parent and carers being involved in their baby’s care as well. The baby’s face may be covered making it more difficult to take part in certain aspects of their care because of this, for example feeding, changing or holding their baby.</p><p>This review aims to explore the different types of support that parents and carers value when their baby requires respiratory support in neonatal care. It also aims to assess how parents and carers would like to receive support, and to determine ways to improve the parent and carer experience through supporting their presence and involvement in their baby’s care.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab3" rid-ob="figobch6tab3">Table 3</a> for a summary of the population, intervention/context and outcome characteristics of this review.</p><p>For full details see review protocol in <a href="#ch6.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.3"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><p>A single search was conducted to look for systematic reviews and qualitative studies.</p><div id="ch6.s1.2.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>15 qualitative studies were identified (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref1">Ardal 2011</a>; Cescuti-Butler 2003; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref3">Falck 2016</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref4">Feeley 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref5">Flacking 2016</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref6">Gibbs 2016</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref7">Guillaume 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref8">Heinemann 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref9">Holditch-Davis 2000</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10">Jackson 2003</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref11">MacDonald 2007</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref12">Neu 1999</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref13">Pohlman 2009</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref14">Smith 2012</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref15">Wigert 2014</a>).</p><p>Two studies focused on the perspective of mothers with preterm babies requiring respiratory support in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref9">Holditch-Davis 2000</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref11">MacDonald 2007</a>). Two studies focused on the perspective of fathers with preterm babies requiring respiratory support in the NICU (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref4">Feeley 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref13">Pohlman 2009</a>). 11 studies focused on the perspective of parents with preterm babies requiring respiratory support in the NICU (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref1">Ardal 2011</a>; Cescuti-Butler 2003; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref3">Falck 2016</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref5">Flacking 2016</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref6">Gibbs 2016</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref7">Guillaume 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref8">Heinemann 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10">Jackson 2003</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref12">Neu 1999</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref14">Smith 2012</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref15">Wigert 2014</a>).</p><p>The majority of included studies collected data by semi-structured interviews or unstructured interviews. The most common data analysis method employed across studies was thematic analysis. With regard to the setting of studies:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l251"><li id="ch6.lt149" class="half_rhythm"><div>3 studies took place in Canada (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref1">Ardal 2011</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref4">Feeley 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref11">MacDonald 2007</a>)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt150" class="half_rhythm"><div>1 study took place in France (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref7">Guillaume 2013</a>)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt151" class="half_rhythm"><div>3 studies took place in Sweden (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref8">Heinemann 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10">Jackson 2003</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref15">Wigert 2014</a>)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt152" class="half_rhythm"><div>2 studies took place in the UK (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref2">Cescutti-Butler 2003</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref6">Gibbs 2016</a>)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt153" class="half_rhythm"><div>5 studies took place in the US (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref3">Falck 2016</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref9">Holditch-Davis 2000</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref12">Neu 1999</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref13">Pohlman 2009</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref14">Smith 2012</a>).</div></li></ul></p><p>Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane checklist for qualitative studies (see methods chapter). The risk of bias in the included studies ranged from low to high (3 studies with low risk of bias; 6 studies with moderate risk of bias; 1 with high risk of bias).</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#ch6.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4"><h4>Summary of qualitative studies included in the evidence review</h4><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab4" rid-ob="figobch6tab4">Table 4</a> provides a brief summary of the included studies.</p><p>See <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables and <a href="#ch6.appn">appendix N</a> for the qualitative quotes and excerpts extracted from the studies.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.5"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#ch6.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE-CERqual tables.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.6"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><p>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of aspects of care that parents and carers value when their baby requires respiratory care was identified by the literature searches of the economic literature undertaken for this guideline.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.7"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that the topic was unsuitable for the economic modelling.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8"><h4>Qualitative evidence statements</h4><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.1"><div class="h5"></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.2"><h5>Theme 1: Social and Psychological Support</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.2.1"><h5>Friends and family</h5><ul id="ch6.l288"><li id="ch6.lt215" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 3 qualitative studies carried out among fathers and parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that practical support, including meal preparation, assistance with household tasks, and child care, from friends and family assisted the parents in involving themselves with their preterm infant in the NICU. Parents also found that family and friends who were familiar with the NICU and demonstrated empathy and understanding of the parents’ anxieties reduced the stress over the burden of educating and reassuring those in the social support network who were not familiar with the situation.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.2.2"><h5>Counselling</h5><ul id="ch6.l289"><li id="ch6.lt216" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 qualitative studies carried out among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that an interdisciplinary NICU team with professionals who are able to provide psychological and spiritual support was valuable and some fathers utilised online chat rooms with similar parents in order to guide their involvement in their child’s care.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.2.3"><h5>Partners</h5><ul id="ch6.l290"><li id="ch6.lt217" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 6 qualitative studies carried out among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that being able to talk about the NICU experience with their partner and developing a routine around caregiving activities supported parents in coping with having their infant in the NICU.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.3"><h5>Theme 2: Staff Support</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.3.1"><h5>Facilitating parents in participating in care</h5><ul id="ch6.l291"><li id="ch6.lt218" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 5 qualitative studies carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that staff acted as gatekeepers to their participation in their infant’s care. Participating in ward rounds, hearing information about their child, and caring behaviour facilitate and support parents in becoming involved with their infant’s care.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.3.2"><h5>Facilitating the transition into the parenting role</h5><ul id="ch6.l292"><li id="ch6.lt219" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 7 qualitative studies carried out among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that parents felt more confident transitioning into the parenting role when staff provided encouragement and the parents felt they had the freedom to care for their child with the staff present to help if needed. Staff who provided informal and formal training on providing care and who acted as role models that the parents could observe were also welcome supports.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.3.3"><h5>Communication to reduce stress</h5><ul id="ch6.l293"><li id="ch6.lt220" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 8 qualitative studies carried out among parents and mothers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that communication with staff was crucial for developing a trusting relationship with staff and minimising parental anxiety. Elements such as using transparent communication methods to provide personalised information, family meetings to facilitate shared decision making, and regular phone updates when the parents are not in the NICU, assisted the parents and mothers to reduce stress. Parents need to feel that their beliefs and concerns are respected and that the information they receive is shared at the appropriate time and is not too medical.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.3.4"><h5>Interpersonal relationships</h5><ul id="ch6.l294"><li id="ch6.lt221" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 7 qualitative studies carried out among parents and mothers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that feeling a sense of rapport with staff gave the parents both self-confidence in their parenting role and that their infant was being cared for well in the NICU. Parents found it beneficial when staff facilitated friendships with other parents and NICU graduate parents, through activities such as coffee hours or scrapbooking sessions, as enjoyed interacting with people whose child was or had been receiving the same care.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.3.5"><h5>Continuity of care</h5><ul id="ch6.l295"><li id="ch6.lt222" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 6 qualitative studies carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that having continuity in the staff caring for their infant facilitated a sense of trust and confidence in the care the nurses were providing. Parents felt that lack of consistency in care meant that staff did not always know the infant and would have different opinions on the type of care that was needed. Parents felt supported by having a contact or designated nurse or doctor.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.4"><h5>Theme 3: Parent-to-Parent Support</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.4.1"><h5>Shared experiences</h5><ul id="ch6.l296"><li id="ch6.lt223" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 3 qualitative studies carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that having a parent-buddy who spoke the same language, was from the same ethno-cultural background, and had the same experience with an infant in the NICU enabled them to communicate their feelings and concerns and understand the preterm birth experience. Engaging with other NICU parents helped parents to cope because it provided them with information and perspective.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.4.2"><h5>Observational learning</h5><ul id="ch6.l297"><li id="ch6.lt224" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 qualitative study carried out among fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that being able to watch other parents in open-spaced NICUs as they cared for their own infants helped them to become more involved with their infant.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.5"><h5>Theme 4: Hospital Environment</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.5.1"><h5>Need for privacy</h5><ul id="ch6.l298"><li id="ch6.lt225" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 5 qualitative studies carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that the lack of privacy, noise, and business in the NICU prevented parents from engaging in skin-to-skin care and feeling comfortable expressing emotions.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.5.2"><h5>Friendly, homelike environment</h5><ul id="ch6.l299"><li id="ch6.lt226" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 qualitative studies carried out among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that allowing 24 hour visiting access and an NICU environment with décor and furniture that resembled a home environment facilitated involvement in their infant’s care.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.5.3"><h5>Feelings of security or insecurity</h5><ul id="ch6.l300"><li id="ch6.lt227" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 4 qualitative studies carried out among parents, fathers, and mothers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that in order to feel secure in the NICU environment they had to understand the different medical equipment and monitors. An open-room design made some mothers feel safer and more secure as they were in close proximity to medical staff.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.5.4"><h5>Participating in care</h5><ul id="ch6.l301"><li id="ch6.lt228" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 3 qualitative study carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that the presence of respiratory equipment and lines in the NICU environment highlighted the severity of their infant’s health condition and limited their involvement in nurturing their infant. The cultural environment of the NICU, including policies, restricted visiting hours, and prevention from joining in ward rounds, hindered parents from being able to engage with their infant.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.6"><h5>Theme 5: Employment Support</h5><ul id="ch6.l302"><li id="ch6.lt229" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 qualitative studies carried out among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that having employers who provided paternity leaves enabled them to participate more in their infant’s care and visit the NICU more frequently.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.9"><h4>Economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch6.l303"><li id="ch6.lt230" class="half_rhythm"><div>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of aspects of care that parents and carers value when their baby requires respiratory care was available.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.2.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee agreed that the support valued by parents or carers of preterm babies receiving respiratory support had thematic outcomes relating to social and psychological elements, parent-to-parent relationships, staff interactions, hospital environment and employment. All of these thematic outcomes were considered useful once the evidence had been appraised. These thematic outcomes reflect what service users value as the evidence was identified from interviews with parents themselves.</p><p>The committee prioritised psychological support for parents or carers of preterm babies receiving respiratory support as being of primary importance due to the large effect that poor mental health can have on both the wellbeing of the baby and the rest of the family. The committee noted that it would have been beneficial to have had more specific evidence regarding the type of psychological support and counselling that parents valued.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>Evidence was available from 15 qualitative studies, with 2 focusing on the perspective of mothers, 2 focusing on the perspective of fathers, and 11 focusing on the perspectives of both mothers and fathers. No studies were identified that investigated the perspectives of other carers of babies receiving respiratory support. Evidence was found for all of the thematic categories identified in the protocol. The quality of the evidence in this review ranged from low to high, but the majority of the evidence was moderate to high, which meant that the committee could make strong recommendations.</p><p>The quality of evidence was most often downgraded because of methodological limitations affecting the risk of bias, inadequacy of the evidence and relevance of the findings.</p><p>Methodological limitations affecting the risk of bias were generally attributed to some studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants.</p><p>The confidence of the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded in some instances as a result of data saturation not being reached. In these instances, the themes were under-developed and analysing further data would likely reveal new data and concepts.</p><p>The confidence in the relevance of the findings was downgraded due to indirectness in the study population with some babies not being preterm.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>In considering the evidence presented, the committee acknowledged the principles set out in the NICE Quality Standard 4 (QS4) on Specialist Neonatal Care. Quality statement 5 of this document covers ‘Encouraging parental involvement in care’ and states ‘Parents of babies receiving specialist neonatal care are encouraged and supported to be involved in planning and providing care for their baby, and regular communication with clinical staff occurs throughout the care pathway.’</p><p>The committee noted that there was evidence that parents valued having friends and family who were informed of the realities of having a preterm baby and who provided practical support, such as meal preparation and caring for older children. There was also evidence that parents valued psychological support and counselling, and although there was no specific evidence about who should deliver this care the committee agreed that it should be a qualified professional.</p><p>There was evidence that parents wanted to be supported by staff in caring for their baby, and this again was in-line with quality statement 5. There was evidence that parents value participating in ward round discussions about their baby, help transitioning into a parenting role and being recognised as partners in their baby’s care. Parents also expressed the need for clear, consistent, timely communication, the development of good interpersonal relationships and continuity of care.</p><p>The evidence showed that parents valued having the opportunity to engage with graduate parents of preterm babies or to have parent-buddies that could help them cope and understand the experience of being a parent of a preterm baby.</p><p>Finally, there was evidence regarding the hospital environment, showing that parents valued having 24-hour access to the neonatal unit, a homely environment with comfortable furniture and that private areas to facilitate skin-to-skin care and difficult conversations were required.</p><p>Employment support (such as paternity leave) was valued by parents but recommendations were not made in this area as any recommendations would be beyond the remit of this guideline and would rely instead on the parental leave policies of parents’ employers.</p><p>The evidence identified potential benefits of implementing support valued by parents or carers of preterm babies receiving respiratory support, including improving the parent’s experience and family relationships and better breastfeeding rates. Although the purpose of the review was to identify support valued by parents, it was also noted that improved support to parents had a beneficial effect on staff too, with fewer staff absences. The committee noted that in some units the professionals providing support to parents also provided support to the staff.</p><p>The committee identified several potential harms associated with implementing these recommendations, including issues of confidentiality arising with parents participating in ward rounds (and who may therefore be present on the ward when other babies are being discussed), conflict between staff and parents who have been given more decision-making power and feelings of exclusion by parents who are not able to visit their baby. However, overall the committee did not think these harms were a major problem.</p><p>The committee agreed that the benefits of implementing the support valued by parents outweighed the harms. The committee noted that there are solutions to the potential harms. For example, some units already give headphones to parents to maintain confidentiality during ward rounds, and parents who are not able to visit their baby (for example mothers who are too ill to attend the neonatal unit) can still receive updates on their baby’s care through phone calls from the medical team or by receiving videos or photos of their baby from nurses, although the committee recognised that this was not as good as participating in care by being present with their baby. Enabling and supporting parents to participate in their baby’s care, and fostering a culture where parents are regarded as partners in their baby care, is key to reducing conflict and tension between parents and staff.</p><p>While there was evidence that parents and carers expressed the need for maintaining continuity amongst the health care professionals caring for their baby, the committee did not make a recommendation based on this evidence because they did not think that such a recommendation could be implemented given ongoing staff turnover.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>There was no economic evidence on the cost-effectiveness of aspects of care that parents and carers value when their baby requires respiratory care.</p><p>The committee expressed the view that providing psychological support for parents and carers of all babies who require respiratory support may incur additional healthcare resources (that is, the time required to provide such support and care). The committee agreed that psychological support could be provided by members of the existing healthcare team (most neonatal units will already have access to trained staff who are able to deliver this type of support), and would not always require employment of additional staff. Therefore, the committee considered the costs of providing such support and care to be modest and would be worthwhile when taking into account the potential improvement in babies’ outcomes. Poor mental health in parents can have a negative effect on both the wellbeing of the baby and the rest of the family that may require more expensive later intervention.</p><p>The committee was of the view that staff support and training in providing effective support to parents and carers should already be routinely undertaken by professionals (including medical staff) working with babies requiring respiratory support and was unlikely to incur significant extra resource implications. The committee expressed the view that the cost of providing training for professionals is relatively small, taking into account that it has the potential to significantly change the behaviour of professionals in meaningful and positive ways. For example, staff would be better placed to facilitate parents’ involvement in care, to minimise parental anxiety, act as role models that the parents could observe, be better able to communicate with family and carers and to make their overall interactions more efficient when dealing with parents and carers.</p><p>The committee agreed that there was evidence that better equipped staff provide better care, may increase the potential for babies to be discharged earlier and reduce the number of staff absences. Overall, the committee was therefore of a view that well-trained staff may lead to cost savings in the NHS.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.10.3"><h5>Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>The committee agreed that support should be provided in an accessible format – for example in different languages. Parents with low-literacy may struggle to participate in interventions that involve reading or writing their baby’s notes or accessing other written information. The committee discussed the use of parent-buddies, particularly those that speak the same first language as the parents.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.rl.r2"><h4>References</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref1"><p id="p-705">
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<strong>Ardal 2011</strong>
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</p>Ardal, F., Sulman, J., Fuller-Thomson, E., Support like a walking stick: parent-buddy matching for language and culture in the NICU, Neonatal network: The Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 30, 89–98, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21520682" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21520682</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref2"><p id="p-706">
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<strong>Cescutti-Butler 2003</strong>
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||
</p>Cescutti-Butler, L., Galvin, K., Parents’ perceptions of staff competency in a neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 12, 752–761, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12919222" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12919222</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref3"><p id="p-707">
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||
<strong>Falck 2016</strong>
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||
</p>Falck, A. J., Moorthy, S., Hussey-Gardner, B., Perceptions of Palliative Care in the NICU, Advances in Neonatal Care: Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses, 16, 191–200, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27140033" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27140033</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref4"><p id="p-708">
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||
<strong>Feeley 2013</strong>
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||
</p>Feeley, N., Waitzer, E., Sherrard, K., Boisvert, L., Zelkowitz, P., Fathers’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to their involvement with their newborn hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 521–530, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23186388" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23186388</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref5"><p id="p-709">
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||
<strong>Flacking 2016</strong>
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||
</p>Flacking, R., Thomson, G., Axelin, A., Pathways to emotional closeness in neonatal units – a cross-national qualitative study, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16 (1) (no pagination), 2016 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4949764/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4949764</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27430590" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27430590</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref6"><p id="p-710">
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||
<strong>Gibbs 2016</strong>
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||
</p>Gibbs, D. P., Boshoff, K., Stenley, M. J., The acquisition of parenting occupations in neonatal intensive care: a preliminary perspective, Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 83, 91–102, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27026720" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27026720</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref7"><p id="p-711">
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<strong>Guillaume 2013</strong>
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||
</p>Guillaume, S., Michelin, N., Amrani, E., Bernier, B., Durrmeyer, X., Lescure, S., Bony, C., Danan, C., Baud, O., Jarreau, P., Zana-Glaieb, E., Caeymaex, L., Parents expectation of staff in the early bonding process with their premature babies in the intensive care setting: a qualitative multicenter study with 60 parents, Neonatal Intensive Care, 26, 40–46, 2013 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3568058/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3568058</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23375027" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23375027</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref8"><p id="p-712">
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<strong>Heinemann 2013</strong>
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||
</p>Heinemann, A. B., Hellstrom-Westas, L., Nyqvist, K. H., Factors affecting parents’ presence with their extremely preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care room, Acta Paediatrica, 102, 695–702, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23590800" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23590800</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref9"><p id="p-713">
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<strong>Holditch-Davis 2000</strong>
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||
</p>Holditch-Davis, D., Miles, M. S., Mothers’ stories about their experiences in the neonatal intensive care unit, Neonatal Network: The Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 19, 13–21, 2000 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11949060" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11949060</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref10"><p id="p-714">
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<strong>Jackson 2003</strong>
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</p>Jackson, K., Ternestedt, B. M., Schollin, J., From alienation to familiarity: experiences of mothers and fathers of preterm infants, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 43, 120–9, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12834369" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12834369</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref11"><p id="p-715">
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<strong>MacDonald 2007</strong>
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||
</p>MacDonald, M., Mothers of preterm infants in neonate intensive care, Early Child Development and Care, 177, 821–838, 2007</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref12"><p id="p-716">
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<strong>Neu 1999</strong>
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||
</p>Neu, M., Parents’ perception of skin-to-skin care with their preterm infants requiring assisted ventilation, Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 28, 157–164, 1999 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10102543" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10102543</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref13"><p id="p-717">
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<strong>Pohlman 2009</strong>
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||
</p>Pohlman, S., Fathering premature infants and the technological imperative of the neonatal intensive care unit: An interpretive inquiry, Advances in Nursing Science, 32, E1–E17, 2009 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19707083" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19707083</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref14"><p id="p-718">
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<strong>Smith 2012</strong>
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</p>Smith, V. C., Steelfisher, G. K., Salhi, C., Shen, L. Y., Coping with the neonatal intensive care unit experience: Parents’ strategies and views of staff support, Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 26, 343–352, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23111723" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23111723</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref15"><p id="p-719">
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<strong>Wigert 2014</strong>
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</p>Wigert, H., Dellenmark Blom, M., Bry, K., Parents’ experiences of communication with neonatal intensive-care unit staff: An interview study, BMC Pediatrics, 14 (1) (no pagination), 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4276021/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4276021</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25492549" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25492549</span></a>]</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.3"><h3>Review question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h3><div id="ch6.s1.3.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Parents and carers of preterm babies who require respiratory support in a neonatal unit see their babies undergoing a range of medical procedures, investigations and treatments. This involves the use of various types of specialist equipment, for example to supply supplemental oxygen or for ventilatory support. They also meet a range of healthcare professionals with varied roles. They may encounter difficulties with caring for their baby, for example associated with the use of face masks, nasal prongs, endotracheal tubes or occasionally a tracheostomy. In general, having a preterm baby receiving respiratory support on a neonatal unit can be a major challenge for parents and carers.</p><p>This review will aim to identify information that is valued by parents (for example on equipment, prognosis, treatments, infant health and care, bonding, and parent/carer support), and in what format this information should be provided.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab5" rid-ob="figobch6tab5">Table 5</a> for a summary of the population, intervention/context and outcome characteristics of this review.</p><p>For full details see review protocol in <a href="#ch6.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.3"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><p>A single search was conducted to look for systematic reviews and qualitative studies.</p><div id="ch6.s1.3.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Ten qualitative studies were identified (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref1">Calam 1999</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref2">Feeley 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref3">Gibbs 2016</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref4">Guillaume 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref5">Heinemann 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref5">Kavanaugh 2006</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref7">Neu 1999</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref8">Pohlman 2009</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref9">Smith 2012</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref10">Wigert 2014</a>).</p><p>Two studies focused on the perspective of fathers with preterm babies requiring respiratory support in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref2">Feeley 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref8">Pohlman 2009</a>), 8 studies focused on the perspective of parents with preterm babies requiring respiratory support in the NICU (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref1">Calam 1999</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref3">Gibbs 2016</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref4">Guillaume 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref5">Heinemann 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref5">Kavanaugh 2006</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref7">Neu 1999</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref9">Smith 2012</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref10">Wigert 2014</a>).</p><p>The majority of included studies collected data by semi-structured interviews or unstructured interviews. The most common data analysis method employed across studies was thematic analysis. With regard to the setting of studies:
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||
<ul id="ch6.l318"><li id="ch6.lt281" class="half_rhythm"><div>3 studies took place in Canada (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref2">Feeley 2013</a>)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt282" class="half_rhythm"><div>1 study took place in France (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref4">Guillaume 2013</a>)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt283" class="half_rhythm"><div>2 studies took place in Sweden (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref5">Heinemann 2013</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref10">Wigert 2014</a>)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt284" class="half_rhythm"><div>1 study took place in the UK (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref3">Gibbs 2016</a>)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt285" class="half_rhythm"><div>4 studies took place in the US (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref5">Kavanaugh 2006</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref7">Neu 1999</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref8">Pohlman 2009</a>; <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref9">Smith 2012</a>).</div></li></ul></p><p>Assessment of risk of bias was completed using the Cochrane checklist for qualitative studies (see Methods chapter). The risk of bias in the included studies ranged from low to high (3 studies with low risk of bias; and 7 studies with moderate risk of bias).</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#ch6.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.4"><h4>Summary of qualitative studies included in the evidence review</h4><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab6" rid-ob="figobch6tab6">Table 6</a> provides a brief summary of the included studies.</p><p>See <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables and <a href="#ch6.appn">appendix N</a> for the qualitative quotes and excerpts extracted from the studies.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.5"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#ch6.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE-CERqual tables.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.6"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><p>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of information provision to parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support was identified by the literature searches of the economic literature undertaken for this review.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.7"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that this topic was not suitable for de-novo economic modelling.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8"><h4>Qualitative evidence statements</h4><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.1"><h5>Theme 1. Prenatal and postnatal information</h5><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.1.1"><h5>Prenatal maternal and infant health</h5><ul id="ch6.l342"><li id="ch6.lt322" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 qualitative study carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that parents were given information, including morbidity and mortality for preterm infants born at different gestational ages. However, parents wanted more specific information on the treatments their infants would likely need after delivery.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.1.2"><h5>Postnatal information</h5><ul id="ch6.l343"><li id="ch6.lt323" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 3 qualitative studies carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that staff provided the most information at the beginning of the infant’s hospitalisation, but parents would have liked a delayed postnatal review of what happened prenatally and during the birth, as many mothers were still recovering from the birth when they received the majority of the information.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.2"><h5>Theme 2. Infant’s health status information</h5><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.2.1"><h5>Understanding the infant’s medical condition</h5><ul id="ch6.l344"><li id="ch6.lt324" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 3 qualitative studies carried out among fathers and parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that understanding their infant’s medical condition and care was crucial. However, parents found that staff did not always fully explain complex medical issues or would leave parents waiting for information about their infant’s illness, which caused them anxiety.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.2.2"><h5>Receiving updates of the infant’s health status</h5><ul id="ch6.l345"><li id="ch6.lt325" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 qualitative study carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that parents appreciated receiving clear information about their infant’s health status immediately after exam results or tests. Mothers did not like when they had to receive information from their husbands and would have preferred to receive updates from a physician.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.3"><h5>Theme 3: Caregiving information</h5><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.3.1"><h5>Parenting activities</h5><ul id="ch6.l346"><li id="ch6.lt326" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 6 qualitative studies carried out among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that nurses were crucial in providing information in regards to caregiving practices, such as feeding and nappy changes. Informal and formal training provided by patient staff assisted parents in developing the confidence to participate in their child’s care.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.3.2"><h5>Changes in care</h5><ul id="ch6.l347"><li id="ch6.lt327" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 qualitative study carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that parents insisted on receiving information in regards to changes in the infant’s medical treatment, such as changes in intubation, catheter, and location in the hospital. Parents preferred to receive this information from the neonatologist as opposed to the nurse.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.3.3"><h5>Understanding behavioural cues</h5><ul id="ch6.l348"><li id="ch6.lt328" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 qualitative study carried out parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that mothers, more often than fathers, wanted explanations of the infant’s reactions and behaviours.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.3.4"><h5>Breast feeding</h5><ul id="ch6.l349"><li id="ch6.lt329" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 qualitative study carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that mothers perceived information provided in breast-feeding programs as useful, as it helped them make decisions in regards to feeding their infant.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.3.5"><h5>Skin to skin care</h5><ul id="ch6.l350"><li id="ch6.lt330" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 qualitative study carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that parents were reluctant and lacked confidence to engage in skin to skin care when nurses did not provide them with information on how to hold and transfer the infant without dislodging tubes and ventilator equipment.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.4"><h5>Theme 4: Future information</h5><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.4.1"><h5>Plans to have children in the future</h5><ul id="ch6.l351"><li id="ch6.lt331" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 qualitative study carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that one mother whose infant had died wanted more information on the cause of death and advice for pregnancies in the future. Mothers who knew someone who had an extremely premature infant who survived found that this information gave them hope for their child.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.4.2"><h5>Decision making</h5><ul id="ch6.l352"><li id="ch6.lt332" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low evidence from 2 qualitative studies carried out among fathers and parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that staff sharing information and providing opportunities to ask questions facilitated parents becoming involved in decision-making about the infant’s care. Adequate and clear information enabled parents to feel confident when physicians asked them to make a decision about their infant’s care.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.5"><h5>Theme 5: Neonatal unit environment information</h5><ul id="ch6.l353"><li id="ch6.lt333" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 qualitative studies carried out among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that having regular explanations of the medical equipment, upper and lower limits of monitors and the meaning of different alarms and buzzers would prevent frightening experiences and feelings of helplessness.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.6"><h5>Theme 6: Information formats</h5><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.6.1"><h5>Telephone</h5><ul id="ch6.l354"><li id="ch6.lt334" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 qualitative studies carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that regular and ritualised phone calls were appreciated. Parents reported feeling reassured and linked to their child by receiving regular phone calls when they were at home and the infant was still in the neonatal unit. In contrast, receiving routine information at home through an unexpected phone call caused alarm, as it was assumed that an unplanned call was linked to bad news.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.6.2"><h5>Medical team (member not specified)</h5><ul id="ch6.l355"><li id="ch6.lt335" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 2 qualitative studies study carried out among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that information should be shared by staff members who are adequately trained to provide tailored medical information that is tailored to their emotional needs and technical knowledge and who provide parents with the opportunity to ask questions and recommend additional resources.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.6.3"><h5>Nurses</h5><ul id="ch6.l356"><li id="ch6.lt336" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 qualitative studies carried out among parents and mothers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that nurses assisted parents in understanding complex medical concepts and reduced feelings of anxiety. Due to nurses’ regular interactions with the infant, parents felt that primary nurses were most adept at providing day-to-day information and was the best source of information about changes in their baby’s medical condition.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.6.4"><h5>Physicians or neonatologists</h5><ul id="ch6.l357"><li id="ch6.lt337" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 qualitative studies carried out among parents and mothers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that the neonatologist was the preferred source of information for technical or complex information, even if parents required additional explanations from nurses afterwards. Physicians should provide as much information as is required to convey the complexities of the situation and allow the parents to ask as many questions as needed.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.6.5"><h5>Timing and consistency</h5><ul id="ch6.l358"><li id="ch6.lt338" class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 4 qualitative studies carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that parents, especially mothers, struggled to absorb and understand information that was shared with them during prenatal consultations when they learned their infant would be premature. Many parents were overwhelmed by the amount of information they received during this emotional experience, which later prevented them from being able to recall information. Parents stated that their preferred time to receive information would be during clinical rounds as opposed to during the prenatal consultation, immediately after delivery or before discharge. Parents would be interested in receiving information at a time separate from rounds. Additionally, it is crucial for parents to receive honest information that is shared consistently by all the members of the care team to avoid having parents receive confusing and varying messages.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.8.6.6"><h5>Other resources (including books, internet resources, friends and family)</h5><ul id="ch6.l359"><li id="ch6.lt339" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 qualitative study carried out among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that the majority of parents received information from staff and the medical care team, although sources such as printed materials, friends and family or the internet were also consulted.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.9"><h4>Economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch6.l360"><li id="ch6.lt340" class="half_rhythm"><div>No economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of information provision to parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support was available.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.3.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.3.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee agreed that the information valued by parents or carers of preterm babies receiving respiratory support had thematic outcomes relating to prenatal and postnatal information, caregiving information, information about the baby’s health status, information for the future and understanding the neonatal unit environment. In addition, the committee agreed that it was important to know the preferred format of this information. All of these thematic outcomes were considered useful once the evidence had been appraised. These thematic outcomes reflect what service users value, as the evidence was identified from interviews with parents themselves.</p><p>The committee prioritised the consistency, clarity and timely nature of information, as the evidence highlighted the importance of the adequate pacing of information, regardless of the type of information.</p><p>The committee noted that there was no evidence on formats of information using modern technology, such as apps, online resources or Facebook groups that many parents may utilise. However it was decided this was not a priority for a research recommendation.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>Evidence was available from 10 qualitative studies, with 2 focusing on the perspective of fathers, and 8 focusing on the perspectives of both mothers and fathers. No studies investigated the perspective of other caregivers responsible for babies requiring respiratory support. Evidence was not found for all of the thematic categories identified in the protocol, specifically formats including print, online resources or technology. The quality of the evidence in this review ranged from low to high, but the majority of the evidence was moderate to high, which meant that the committee could make strong recommendations.</p><p>The quality of evidence was most often downgraded because of methodological limitations affecting the risk of bias, inadequacy of the evidence, and relevance of the findings.</p><p>Methodological limitations affecting the risk of bias were generally attributed to some studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants.</p><p>The confidence of the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded in some instances as a result of data saturation not being reached. In these instances, the themes were under-developed and analysing further data would likely reveal new data and concepts.</p><p>The confidence in the relevance of the findings was downgraded due to indirectness in the study population with some babies not being preterm.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>The evidence showed that parents valued information on prenatal health issues (for both mother and baby) which included the likely morbidity and mortality at different gestational ages. However, parents had difficulty understanding some information about their baby’s prognosis and the birth of the baby if information was provided immediately after stressful events or if it was not given in a clear manner. The timing of information giving was therefore important, with some parents wanting it deferred in such circumstances.</p><p>Parents valued information about their baby’s medical condition and their medical care, and this should be provided in a timely fashion and delayed only where circumstances demanded it.</p><p>Parents valued information about how to care for their baby, as well as how to interpret their baby’s behavioural cues. Parents also valued information on breastfeeding and on providing skin-to-skin contact as part of the baby’s care, and information from the nurses on these areas greatly increased their confidence and willingness to be involved in their baby’s care. Parents valued receiving information that was tailored to their needs and that was delivered by the appropriate member of staff, with some parents valuing more technical information about changes in care coming from medical staff rather than nursing staff. Parents valued consistent information, and the committee agreed that it was important that whoever was delivering the information (nurse, doctor or other healthcare professional) should deliver it clearly and check for the parents’ understanding, and not rely on the information having to be re-explained by another member of the team later. Staff should however be aware that it may take time for parents to absorb information and they may require repeated encouragement before becoming confident in caring for their baby with reduced input from staff. The evidence also described how having an understanding of the medical equipment (for example, its purposes, and what alarms and buzzers meant) and being able to ask questions regarding their baby’s health and care enabled parents to become comfortable caring for their baby.</p><p>Parents valued information regarding the future (such as hereditary issues) and having sufficient information to be involved in decision-making.</p><p>The evidence addressed the importance parents placed on the format, timing and consistency of information provided, and the committee discussed the need for the medical and nursing teams to agree with parents the method of delivery and frequency of information. The evidence demonstrated that parents value information that is consistent between healthcare professionals so as to avoid confusion and mistrust.</p><p>Due to the complexity of medical information, the committee agreed that information shared with parents and carers should where appropriate be followed-up by high-quality written and online resources, and that parents are aware of key contacts on the neonatal unit.</p><p>The committee agreed that the potential benefits of the recommendations would include more accurate and consistent information, enabling parents and carers to feel more confident and improving relationships between staff and parents/carers.</p><p>The committee did not identify any harms related to these recommendations.</p><p>The committee discussed the value placed by parents on information for the future (such as hereditary issues) but did not make any recommendations as they felt this may require specialist information provision, would be on a case-by-case basis, and did not apply to the majority of babies requiring respiratory support.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>There was no economic evidence on the cost-effectiveness of information provision to parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support.</p><p>However, the committee noted that there would be costs associated with implementing these recommendations, including costs in terms of the time needed to share information and the costs of translating or interpreting information that needed to be provided in languages other than English.</p><p>The committee expressed the view that providing prenatal and postnatal information, caregiving information, infant’s health status information and making sure that neonatal unit environment is supportive and friendly are integral parts of most services and providing such supplementary advice would have only modest resource implications, if any, which are justifiable as these principles and factors are deemed essential in ensuring the success of care in preterm babies requiring respiratory care.</p><p>Similarly, the committee was of the view that staff training in providing effective support to parents and carers should be routinely undertaken by professionals (including medical staff) working with babies requiring respiratory support and would not incur significant extra resource implications. The committee expressed the view that the cost of providing training of professionals is relatively small, taking into account that it has the potential to significantly change the behaviour of professionals in meaningful and positive ways (for example, being better placed to facilitate parents’ involvement in care and minimising parental anxiety, acting as role models that the parents could observe, better ability to communicate with family and carers and the potential to reduce their burden) and make their overall interactions more efficient when dealing with parents and carers. Overall, the committee considered that such staff training is expected to lead to savings to the NHS.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.3.10.3"><h5>Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>The committee agreed that information should be available in different languages and that print materials should be easily readable and accessible to parents with lower levels of literacy.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.rl.r3"><h4>References</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.3.ref1"><p id="p-1052">
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<strong>Calam 1999</strong>
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</p>Calam, R. M., Lambrenos, K., Cox, A. D., Weindling, A. M., Maternal appraisal of information given around the time of preterm delivery, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 17, 267–280, 1999</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.3.ref2"><p id="p-1053">
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<strong>Feeley 2013</strong>
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</p>Feeley, N., Waitzer, E., Sherrard, K., Boisvert, L., Zelkowitz, P., Fathers’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to their involvement with their newborn hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 521–530, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23186388" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23186388</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.3.ref3"><p id="p-1054">
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<strong>Gibbs 2016</strong>
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</p>Gibbs, D. P., Boshoff, K., Stenley, M. J., The acquisition of parenting occupations in neonatal intensive care: a preliminary perspective, Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 83, 91–102, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27026720" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27026720</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.3.ref4"><p id="p-1055">
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<strong>Guillaume 2013</strong>
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</p>Guillaume, S., Michelin, N., Amrani, E., Bernier, B., Durrmeyer, X., Lescure, S., Bony, C., Danan, C., Baud, O., Jarreau, P., Zana-Glaieb, E., Caeymaex, L., Parents expectation of staff in the early bonding process with their premature babies in the intensive care setting: a qualitative multicenter study with 60 parents, Neonatal Intensive Care, 26, 40–46, 2013 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3568058/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3568058</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23375027" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23375027</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.3.ref5"><p id="p-1056">
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<strong>Heinemann 2013</strong>
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</p>Heinemann, A. B., Hellstrom-Westas, L., Nyqvist, K. H., Factors affecting parents’ presence with their extremely preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care room, Acta Paediatrica, 102, 695–702, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23590800" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23590800</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.3.ref6"><p id="p-1057">
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<strong>Kavanaugh 2005</strong>
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</p>Kavanaugh, K., Savage, T., Kilpatrick, S., et al., Life support decisions for extremely premature infants: report of a pilot study, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 20, 347–359, 2005 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16182094" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16182094</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.3.ref7"><p id="p-1058">
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<strong>Neu 1999</strong>
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</p>Neu, M., Parents’ perception of skin-to-skin care with their preterm infants requiring assisted ventilation, Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 28, 157–164, 1999 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10102543" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10102543</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.3.ref8"><p id="p-1059">
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<strong>Pohlman 2009</strong>
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</p>Pohlman, S., Fathering premature infants and the technological imperative of the neonatal intensive care unit: An interpretive inquiry, Advances in Nursing Science, 32, E1–E17, 2009 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19707083" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19707083</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.3.ref9"><p id="p-1060">
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<strong>Smith 2012</strong>
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</p>Smith, V. C., Steelfisher, G. K., Salhi, C., Shen, L. Y., Coping with the neonatal intensive care unit experience: Parents’ strategies and views of staff support, Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 26, 343–352, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23111723" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23111723</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.3.ref10"><p id="p-1061">
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<strong>Wigert 2014</strong>
|
||
</p>Wigert, H., Dellenmark Blom, M., Bry, K., Parents’ experiences of communication with neonatal intensive-care unit staff: An interview study, BMC Pediatrics, 14 (1) (no pagination), 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4276021/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4276021</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25492549" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25492549</span></a>]</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup6"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup6_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch6.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><div id="ch6.appa.s1"><h4>Review protocol for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appa.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a></th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in SCOPE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What involvement do parents, carers and family members value in the care of babies who are receiving respiratory support?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in guideline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To determine the impact of parent and carer involvement on short and long-term outcomes for preterm babies receiving respiratory support such as comfort, feeding, and neurodevelopmental outcomes.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Preterm babies receiving respiratory support</p>
|
||
<p>Exclusions:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l361"><li id="ch6.lt341" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities excluding patent ductus arteriosus</div></li><li id="ch6.lt342" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, NEC, neurological disorders</div></li><li id="ch6.lt343" class="half_rhythm"><div>RCTs with <15 participants in each arm will not routinely be included. Consideration will be given to their inclusion if the evidence from larger RCTs is judged not to be sufficient – in quality or quantity.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt344" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies where >2/3 of preterm babies receive respiratory support will be included in the review</div></li><li id="ch6.lt345" class="half_rhythm"><div>RCTs with <15 participants in each arm was chosen as a minimum number in order for an analysis that is based on normal distribution (e.g. t-test) to be reasonably valid.</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parent carer involvement:
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l362" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1)</dt><dd id="ch6.lt346"><p class="no_top_margin">Kangaroo Care</p></dd><dt>2)</dt><dd id="ch6.lt347"><p class="no_top_margin">Skin to skin</p></dd><dt>3)</dt><dd id="ch6.lt348"><p class="no_top_margin">Early parent/carer interaction
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l363" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt349"><p class="no_top_margin">positive touch</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt350"><p class="no_top_margin">comfort holding</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt351"><p class="no_top_margin">non-nutritive sucking</p></dd></dl></p></dd><dt>4)</dt><dd id="ch6.lt352"><p class="no_top_margin">Family integrated care</p></dd><dt>5)</dt><dd id="ch6.lt353"><p class="no_top_margin">NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme)</p></dd><dt>6)</dt><dd id="ch6.lt354"><p class="no_top_margin">Verbal Interaction:
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l364" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt355"><p class="no_top_margin">reading</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt356"><p class="no_top_margin">singing to babies</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt357"><p class="no_top_margin">talking to babies</p></dd></dl></p></dd><dt>7)</dt><dd id="ch6.lt358"><p class="no_top_margin">Involvement of parents/carers early on in feeding e.g.
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l365" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt359"><p class="no_top_margin">Tube feeding</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt360"><p class="no_top_margin">Bottle feeding</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt361"><p class="no_top_margin">Expressing</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt362"><p class="no_top_margin">Breastfeeding</p></dd></dl></p></dd><dt>8)</dt><dd id="ch6.lt363"><p class="no_top_margin">Specially trained healthcare professionals in guiding parents/carers on their involvement in the care of their preterm babies</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Comparisons:</p>
|
||
<p>Intervention versus conventional care</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l366"><li id="ch6.lt364" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital during initial admission</div></li><li id="ch6.lt365" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 36 weeks post menstrual age or 28 days of age)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt366" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at >18 months:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l367" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt367" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cerebral palsy (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt368" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, not continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l368" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt369" class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe (score of >2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayleys assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt370" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate (score of 1-2 SD below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayleys assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70-84)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt371" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition)
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l369" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt372" class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe hearing impairment (e.g deaf)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt373" class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe visual impairment (e.g blind)</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
||
Important outcomes:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l370"><li id="ch6.lt374" class="half_rhythm"><div>Number of episodes of confirmed or suspected sepsis during initial hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch6.lt375" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch6.lt376" class="half_rhythm"><div>Infant growth defined as changes in z scores for at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l371" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt377" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight</div></li><li id="ch6.lt378" class="half_rhythm"><div>Height</div></li><li id="ch6.lt379" class="half_rhythm"><div>Head circumference</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt380" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parental/ carer satisfaction using validated scales</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Systematic reviews of RCTs</p>
|
||
<p>RCTs</p>
|
||
<p>If insufficient RCTs: prospective cohort studies</p>
|
||
<p>If insufficient prospective cohort studies: retrospective cohort studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Inclusion:</p>
|
||
<p>English language</p>
|
||
<p>Developed countries with a neonatal care system similar to the UK (e.g. OECD countries)</p>
|
||
<p>Studies conducted post 1990</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Stratified analyses based on the following sub-groups:</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age:</p>
|
||
<p><26+6 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>27-31+6 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>32-36+6 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>A sensitivity analysis will be conducted if there is sufficient heterogeneity in the analyses.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Sifting, data extraction, appraisal of methodological quality and GRADE assessment will be performed by the systematic reviewer. Resolution of any disputes will be with the senior systematic reviewer and the Topic Advisor. Quality control will be performed by the senior systematic reviewer.</p>
|
||
<p>Dual sifting and data extraction will not be undertaken for this question.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
|
||
<p>‘GRADEpro’ will be used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
|
||
<p>NGA STAR software will be used for study sifting, data extraction, recording quality assessment using checklists and generating bibliographies/citations.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Sources to be searched: Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Embase</p>
|
||
<p>Limits (e.g. date, study design):</p>
|
||
<p>Apply standard animal/non-English language exclusion</p>
|
||
<p>Limit to RCTs and systematic reviews in first instance but download all results</p>
|
||
<p>Dates: from 1990</p>
|
||
<p>Studies conducted post 1990 will be considered for this review question, as the GC felt that significant advances have occurred in ante-natal and post-natal respiratory management since this time period and outcomes for preterm babies prior to 1990 are not the same as post 1990.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Developer: NGA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch6.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch6.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch6.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
|
||
<p>Appraisal of methodological quality:</p>
|
||
<p>The methodological quality of each study will be assessed using an appropriate checklist:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l372"><li id="ch6.lt381" class="half_rhythm"><div>AMSTAR for systematic reviews</div></li><li id="ch6.lt382" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs</div></li><li id="ch6.lt383" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for non-randomised studies</div></li></ul>
|
||
The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis (where suitable)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>The quality of the evidence for an outcome (i.e. across studies) will be assessed using GRADE.</p>
|
||
<p>Synthesis of data:</p>
|
||
<p>Pairwise meta-analysis will be conducted where appropriate</p>
|
||
<p>When meta-analysing continuous data, final and change scores will be pooled and if any studies reports both, the method used in the majority of studies will be analysed.</p>
|
||
<p>Inconsistency:</p>
|
||
<p>Inconsistency in pairwise meta-analyses will be assessed through the I2 statistic and through visual analysis of the forest plot generated. A sensitivity analysis will be conducted where significant heterogeneity is identified.</p>
|
||
<p>Minimally important differences:</p>
|
||
<p>Default values will be used of: 0.8 and 1.25 for dichotomous outcomes; 0.5 times SD for continuous outcomes from mean baseline for both groups, unless more appropriate values are identified by the guideline committee or in the literature.</p>
|
||
<p>Mortality – any change (statistically significant)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>If sufficient relevant RCT evidence is available, publication bias will be explored using RevMan software to examine funnel plots.</p>
|
||
<p>Trial registries will be examined to identify missing evidence: <a href="http://Clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.gov</a>, NIHR Clinical Trials Gateway</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – Current management</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review in the full guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by The National Guideline Alliance and chaired by Dr Janet Rennie in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Staff from The National Guideline Alliance undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details please see the methods chapter of the full guideline.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds The National Guideline Alliance to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health, and social care in England</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appa.s2"><h4>Review protocol for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appa.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a></th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in SCOPE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What are the benefits and risks of involving parents, carers and family members in the care of babies who are receiving respiratory support?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in guideline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qualitative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>To determine what support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support in the neonatal unit.</p>
|
||
<p>Three objectives have been set up:
|
||
<ol id="ch6.l373"><li id="ch6.lt384" class="half_rhythm"><div>Explore the areas of support that would benefit parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit and assess the means through which parents and carers would like to receive support</div></li><li id="ch6.lt385" class="half_rhythm"><div>Explore the areas of support that parents and carers have found acceptable and effective</div></li><li id="ch6.lt386" class="half_rhythm"><div>Determine ways to improve parent and carers’ experience of having a baby who is receiving respiratory support through supporting their presence and involvement in their baby’s care during their stay on the neonatal unit</div></li></ol></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusions:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l374"><li id="ch6.lt387" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies who require respiratory support</div></li><li id="ch6.lt388" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies of parents or carers whose baby is born below 37 weeks gestation</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusions:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l375"><li id="ch6.lt389" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities excluding PDA</div></li><li id="ch6.lt390" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, NEC, neurological disorders</div></li><li id="ch6.lt391" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies where >2/3 of preterm babies receive respiratory support will be included in the review</div></li><li id="ch6.lt392" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quantitative data</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Context:</p>
|
||
<p>Type of support for parents and carers with regards to preterm babies requiring respiratory support on the neonatal unit.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Themes</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Themes will be identified from the literature, but expected themes are:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l376"><li id="ch6.lt393" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological and Social support:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l377" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt394" class="half_rhythm"><div>Counselling</div></li><li id="ch6.lt395" class="half_rhythm"><div>Crisis intervention</div></li><li id="ch6.lt396" class="half_rhythm"><div>Emotional support</div></li><li id="ch6.lt397" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stress management</div></li><li id="ch6.lt398" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vulnerable families, safeguarding</div></li><li id="ch6.lt399" class="half_rhythm"><div>Support groups</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt400" class="half_rhythm"><div>Support from staff:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l378" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt401" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parental participation in decision-making, including participation in ward rounds</div></li><li id="ch6.lt402" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parental presence and participation in care-giving</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt403" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital design and supportive spaces:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l379" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt404" class="half_rhythm"><div>Facilities to support family presence in the neonatal unit e.g. comfortable reclining chairs</div></li><li id="ch6.lt405" class="half_rhythm"><div>Accommodation, food</div></li><li id="ch6.lt406" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parking and public transport links</div></li><li id="ch6.lt407" class="half_rhythm"><div>Design of physical space that take into account infants’, families’, and staff members’ needs</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt408" class="half_rhythm"><div>Financial support
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l380" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt409" class="half_rhythm"><div>Transportation to and from hospital, parking</div></li><li id="ch6.lt410" class="half_rhythm"><div>Child care</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Qualitative methods:</p>
|
||
<p>Semi-structured and structured interviews, focus groups, observations</p>
|
||
<p>Quantitative designs:</p>
|
||
<p>Surveys (from which only qualitative data will be included)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l381"><li id="ch6.lt411" class="half_rhythm"><div>English language</div></li><li id="ch6.lt412" class="half_rhythm"><div>Developed countries with a neonatal care system similar to the UK (e.g. OECD countries)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt413" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies conducted post 1990</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Stratified analyses based on the following sub-groups:</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l382"><li id="ch6.lt414" class="half_rhythm"><div><26+6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch6.lt415" class="half_rhythm"><div>27-31+6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch6.lt416" class="half_rhythm"><div>32-36+6 weeks</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Sifting, data extraction, appraisal of methodological quality and GRADE-CERQual assessment will be performed by the systematic reviewer. Resolution of any disputes will be with the senior systematic reviewer and the Topic Advisor. Quality control will be performed by the senior systematic reviewer.</p>
|
||
<p>Dual sifting and data extraction will not be undertaken for this question.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NGA STAR software will be used for study sifting, data extraction, recording quality assessment using checklists and generating bibliographies/citations.</p>
|
||
<p>Microsoft Excel will be used to organise data into themes</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Sources to be searched: Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL</p>
|
||
<p>Limits (e.g. date, study design):</p>
|
||
<p>Apply standard animal/non-English language exclusion</p>
|
||
<p>Dates: from 1990</p>
|
||
<p>Studies conducted post 1990 will be considered for this review question, as the GC felt that significant advances have occurred in antenatal and postnatal respiratory management that would influence the supports available to parents and carers of preterm babies, and thus what they might value, post-1990 that are not the same as prior to 1990.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Developer: NGA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch6.appb">appendix B</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) and <a href="#ch6.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) and <a href="#ch6.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The methodological quality of each study will be assessed using the NICE checklists for evaluating the quality of qualitative research</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis (where suitable)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Appraisal of methodological quality:</p>
|
||
<p>The quality of the evidence for a theme (i.e. across studies) will be assessed using GRADE-CERQual, a process like GRADE that is adapted for qualitative information</p>
|
||
<p>Synthesis of data:</p>
|
||
<p>Thematic content analysis will be used to synthesise the qualitative data. It is a qualitative analytic method that identifies and reports recurrent themes. Thematic analysis is used in qualitative research to focus on examining themes within data and goes beyond counting phrases or words to identifying implicit and explicit ideas within the data.</p>
|
||
<p>A theme map may also be presented if there is sufficient information identified in the search.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – Current management</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review in the full guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by The National Guideline Alliance and chaired by Dr Janet Rennie in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Staff from The National Guideline Alliance undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details please see the methods chapter of the full guideline.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds The National Guideline Alliance to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health, and social care in England</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appa.s3"><h4>Review protocol for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><div id="ch6.appa.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appa.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appa.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a></th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in SCOPE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of babies who are receiving respiratory support in hospital, both during admission and at discharge?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question in guideline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qualitative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>To determine what information, and in what format, parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit value</p>
|
||
<p>Two objectives have been set up:
|
||
<ol id="ch6.l383"><li id="ch6.lt417" class="half_rhythm"><div>To explore the type of information that parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit find valuable</div></li><li id="ch6.lt418" class="half_rhythm"><div>To assess the formats through which parents and carers would like to receive information</div></li></ol></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Parents or carers of preterm babies who require respiratory support on the neonatal unit</p>
|
||
<p>Inclusions:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l384"><li id="ch6.lt419" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies who require respiratory support</div></li><li id="ch6.lt420" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies of parents or carers of preterm babies born below 37 weeks gestation</div></li></ul>
|
||
Exclusions:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l385"><li id="ch6.lt421" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities except PDA</div></li><li id="ch6.lt422" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, NEC, neurological disorders</div></li></ul>
|
||
Studies where >2/3 of preterm babies receive respiratory support will be included in the review</p>
|
||
<p>Quantitative data</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Context:</p>
|
||
<p>Information content with regards to preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support during their stay on the neonatal unit</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Themes – information and format</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Themes will be identified from the literature, but expected themes are:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l386"><li id="ch6.lt423" class="half_rhythm"><div>Formats
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l387" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt424" class="half_rhythm"><div>In person
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l388" class="square"><li id="ch6.lt425" class="half_rhythm"><div>Presentations</div></li><li id="ch6.lt426" class="half_rhythm"><div>Health care professionals</div></li><li id="ch6.lt427" class="half_rhythm"><div>Peer support groups</div></li><li id="ch6.lt428" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neonatal groups</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt429" class="half_rhythm"><div>Print
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l389" class="square"><li id="ch6.lt430" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pamphlets, books, magazines</div></li><li id="ch6.lt431" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parent information binder</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt432" class="half_rhythm"><div>Online
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l390" class="square"><li id="ch6.lt433" class="half_rhythm"><div>Videos</div></li><li id="ch6.lt434" class="half_rhythm"><div>Webinars</div></li><li id="ch6.lt435" class="half_rhythm"><div>Condition-specific organisations</div></li><li id="ch6.lt436" class="half_rhythm"><div>Internet resources</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt437" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technology
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l391" class="square"><li id="ch6.lt438" class="half_rhythm"><div>Television</div></li><li id="ch6.lt439" class="half_rhythm"><div>DVD</div></li><li id="ch6.lt440" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mobile applications</div></li><li id="ch6.lt441" class="half_rhythm"><div>Call line</div></li><li id="ch6.lt442" class="half_rhythm"><div>Audio recordings</div></li><li id="ch6.lt443" class="half_rhythm"><div>Webcams</div></li><li id="ch6.lt444" class="half_rhythm"><div>Baby diaries/journey boxes</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt445" class="half_rhythm"><div>Qualities
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l392" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt446" class="half_rhythm"><div>Availability of different languages</div></li><li id="ch6.lt447" class="half_rhythm"><div>Equality of access e.g. vision impairment</div></li><li id="ch6.lt448" class="half_rhythm"><div>Timing of access</div></li><li id="ch6.lt449" class="half_rhythm"><div>Frequency of accessibility e.g. is a particular format really valuable, but very hard to get access to?</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt450" class="half_rhythm"><div>Types of information
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l393" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt451" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical Information
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l394" class="square"><li id="ch6.lt452" class="half_rhythm"><div>Equipment</div></li><li id="ch6.lt453" class="half_rhythm"><div>Prognosis</div></li><li id="ch6.lt454" class="half_rhythm"><div>Participation in ward rounds</div></li><li id="ch6.lt455" class="half_rhythm"><div>Risks</div></li><li id="ch6.lt456" class="half_rhythm"><div>Medication</div></li><li id="ch6.lt457" class="half_rhythm"><div>Medical options</div></li><li id="ch6.lt458" class="half_rhythm"><div>Infant’s health and care
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l395"><li id="ch6.lt459" class="half_rhythm"><div>Feeding and weight gain</div></li><li id="ch6.lt460" class="half_rhythm"><div>Behavioural cues and developmental stages</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt461" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parent/carer-infant bonding information
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l396" class="square"><li id="ch6.lt462" class="half_rhythm"><div>Positive touch techniques, including kangaroo care (skin-to-skin contact with the baby against the parent/carer’s chest) and comfort holding (cradling baby with still touch)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt463" class="half_rhythm"><div>Infant care - breastfeeding, feeding, changing</div></li><li id="ch6.lt464" class="half_rhythm"><div>Behavioural cues</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt465" class="half_rhythm"><div>Coping information
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l397" class="square"><li id="ch6.lt466" class="half_rhythm"><div>Support groups</div></li><li id="ch6.lt467" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stress education</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Qualitative methods:</p>
|
||
<p>Semi-structured and structured interviews, focus groups, observations</p>
|
||
<p>Quantitative methods:</p>
|
||
<p>Surveys (from which only qualitative data will be extracted)</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l398"><li id="ch6.lt468" class="half_rhythm"><div>English language</div></li><li id="ch6.lt469" class="half_rhythm"><div>Developed countries with a neonatal care system similar to the UK (e.g. OECD countries)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt470" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies conducted post 1990</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Stratified analyses based on the following sub-groups:</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l399"><li id="ch6.lt471" class="half_rhythm"><div><26+6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch6.lt472" class="half_rhythm"><div>27-31+6 weeks</div></li><li id="ch6.lt473" class="half_rhythm"><div>32-36+6 weeks</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Sifting, data extraction, appraisal of methodological quality and GRADE-CERQual assessment will be performed by the systematic reviewer. Resolution of any disputes will be with the senior systematic reviewer and the Topic Advisor. Quality control will be performed by the senior systematic reviewer.</p>
|
||
<p>Dual sifting and data extraction will not be undertaken for this question.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NGA STAR software will be used for study sifting, data extraction, recording quality assessment using checklists and generating bibliographies/citations.</p>
|
||
<p>Microsoft Excel will be used to organise data into themes</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Sources to be searched: Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL</p>
|
||
<p>Limits (e.g. date, study design):</p>
|
||
<p>Apply standard animal/non-English language exclusion</p>
|
||
<p>Dates: from 1990</p>
|
||
<p>Studies conducted post 1990 will be considered for this review question, as the GC felt that significant advances have occurred in antenatal and postnatal respiratory management that would influence the information that parents and carers of preterm babies might value post-1990 that are not the same as prior to 1990.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Developer: NGA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch6.appb">appendix B</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) and <a href="#ch6.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch6.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N/A</p>
|
||
<p>The methodological quality of each study will be assessed using the NICE checklists for evaluating the quality of qualitative research</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis (where suitable)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Appraisal of methodological quality:</p>
|
||
<p>The quality of the evidence for a theme (i.e. across studies) will be assessed using GRADE-CERQual, a process like GRADE that is adapted for qualitative information</p>
|
||
<p>Synthesis of data:</p>
|
||
<p>Thematic content analysis will be used to synthesise the qualitative data. It is a qualitative analytic method that identifies and reports recurrent themes. Thematic analysis is used in qualitative research to focus on examining themes within data and goes beyond counting phrases or words to identifying implicit and explicit ideas within the data.</p>
|
||
<p>A theme map may also be presented if there is sufficient information identified in the search.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – Current management</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review in the full guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by The National Guideline Alliance and chaired by Dr Janet Rennie in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Staff from The National Guideline Alliance undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details please see the methods chapter of the full guideline.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds The National Guideline Alliance to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health, and social care in England</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="ch6.appb.s1"><h4>Literature search strategies for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appb.s1.1"><h5>Systematic reviews and RCTs</h5><p>Date of initial search: 18/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 41, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 26/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 26, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-10</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 and 24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp family/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caregivers/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">caregiver/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sibling* or brother* or sister*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26-31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 and 32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Professional-Family Relations/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Object Attachment/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infant Care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kangaroo-Mother Care Method/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Parent-Child Relations/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Touch/ or Touch Perception/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Facilitated Tucking/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sucking Behavior/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pacifiers/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Voice/ or Speech/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acoustic Stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reading/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Singing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Music Therapy/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patient Participation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enteral Nutrition/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bottle Feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Breast Feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rooming-in Care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/34-52 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">human relation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family centered care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp emotional attachment/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">infant care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">kangaroo care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp child parent relation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp touch/ or tactile stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">facilitated tucking/ or body position/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sucking/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pacifier/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">voice/ or speech/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">maternal voice intervention/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp sensory stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reading/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">singing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">music therapy/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">patient participation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">enteric feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">bottle feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp breast feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rooming in/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/54-74 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(family?centred or family?centered or family?integrat*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(involv* or interact* or participat* or support* or satisf* or dissatisf* or well being or well?being).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">development* care.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(caregiving or caring or nurtur*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NIDCAP.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((skin adj2 skin) or (kangaroo adj2 (care or interact* or position* or support*))).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(bond or bonding or attachment).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hold or holding or cuddl* or rock* or swaddl* or touch* or tactile).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(suck* or dummy or dummies or pacifier*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(read or reading or sing* or song* or lullab* or talk* or voice* or vocal).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((auditory or acoustic or noise) adj2 stimulat*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tubefeed* or (tube adj feed*) or (enter* adj feed*) or (enter* adj nutrition)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(breastfeed* or (breast adj milk) or breastmilk or breastfed or (breast adj feed*) or (breast adj fed)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(express* adj2 milk).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/76-89</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 or 75 or 90</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 and 91</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 92 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 93 to yr="1990 -Current"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/95-106</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/108-110</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107 not 111</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/112-124</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94 not 125</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic or evidence) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">137</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">139</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pool* or combined) adj2 (data or trials or studies or results)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">140</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/127-128,131,133-138 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/129-132,134-139 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">142</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/140-141</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clinical Trials as topic.sh. or (controlled clinical trial or pragmatic clinical trial or randomized controlled trial).pt. or (placebo or randomi#ed or randomly).ab. or trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">144</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">145</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(controlled clinical trial or pragmatic clinical trial or randomized controlled trial).pt. or drug therapy.fs. or (groups or placebo or randomi#ed or randomly or trial).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">146</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">145 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">147</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/ or double blind procedure/ or randomized controlled trial/ or single blind procedure/ or (assign* or allocat* or crossover* or cross over* or ((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*) or factorial* or placebo* or random* or volunteer*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">148</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">147 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">149</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">144 or 146</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">150</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">148 or 149</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">151</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">142 or 150</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">152</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126 and 151</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">153</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 152</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appb.s1.2"><h5>Observational studies</h5><p>Date of initial search: 18/10/17</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 41, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 26/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 26, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-10</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 and 24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp family/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caregivers/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">caregiver/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sibling* or brother* or sister*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26-31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 and 32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Professional-Family Relations/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Object Attachment/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infant Care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kangaroo-Mother Care Method/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Parent-Child Relations/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Touch/ or Touch Perception/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Facilitated Tucking/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sucking Behavior/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pacifiers/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Voice/ or Speech/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acoustic Stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reading/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Singing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Music Therapy/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patient Participation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enteral Nutrition/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bottle Feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Breast Feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rooming-in Care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/34-52 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">human relation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family centered care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp emotional attachment/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">infant care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">kangaroo care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp child parent relation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp touch/ or tactile stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">facilitated tucking/ or body position/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sucking/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pacifier/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">voice/ or speech/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">maternal voice intervention/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp sensory stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reading/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">singing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">music therapy/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">patient participation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">enteric feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">bottle feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp breast feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rooming in/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/54-74 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(family?centred or family?centered or family?integrat*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(involv* or interact* or participat* or support* or satisf* or dissatisf* or well being or well?being).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">development* care.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(caregiving or caring or nurtur*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NIDCAP.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((skin adj2 skin) or (kangaroo adj2 (care or interact* or position* or support*))).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(bond or bonding or attachment).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hold or holding or cuddl* or rock* or swaddl* or touch* or tactile).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(suck* or dummy or dummies or pacifier*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(read or reading or sing* or song* or lullab* or talk* or voice* or vocal).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((auditory or acoustic or noise) adj2 stimulat*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tubefeed* or (tube adj feed*) or (enter* adj feed*) or (enter* adj nutrition)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(breastfeed* or (breast adj milk) or breastmilk or breastfed or (breast adj feed*) or (breast adj fed)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(express* adj2 milk).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/76-89</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 or 75 or 90</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 and 91</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 92 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 93 to yr="1990 -Current"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/95-106</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/108-110</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107 not 111</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/112-124</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94 not 125</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Control Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohort Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Longitudinal Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow-Up Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-Sectional Studies/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/127-134 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">137</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">139</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">140</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">142</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/136-142 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">144</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((retrospective$ or cohort$ or longitudinal or follow?up or prospective or cross section$) adj3 (stud$ or research or analys$)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">145</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135 or 143 or 144</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">146</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126 and 145</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">147</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 146</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appb.s1.3"><h5>Health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search: 18/10/17</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 41, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><p>Date of updated search: 26/06/2018</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2018 Week 26, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-10</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 and 24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp family/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caregivers/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">caregiver/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sibling* or brother* or sister*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26-31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 and 32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Professional-Family Relations/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Object Attachment/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infant Care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kangaroo-Mother Care Method/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Parent-Child Relations/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Touch/ or Touch Perception/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Facilitated Tucking/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sucking Behavior/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pacifiers/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Voice/ or Speech/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acoustic Stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reading/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Singing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Music Therapy/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patient Participation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Enteral Nutrition/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bottle Feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Breast Feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rooming-in Care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/34-52 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">human relation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family centered care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp emotional attachment/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">infant care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">kangaroo care/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp child parent relation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp touch/ or tactile stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">facilitated tucking/ or body position/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sucking/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pacifier/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">voice/ or speech/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">maternal voice intervention/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp sensory stimulation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reading/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">singing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">music therapy/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">patient participation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">enteric feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">bottle feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp breast feeding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rooming in/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/54-74 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(family?centred or family?centered or family?integrat*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(involv* or interact* or participat* or support* or satisf* or dissatisf* or well being or well?being).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">development* care.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(caregiving or caring or nurtur*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NIDCAP.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((skin adj2 skin) or (kangaroo adj2 (care or interact* or position* or support*))).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(bond or bonding or attachment).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hold or holding or cuddl* or rock* or swaddl* or touch* or tactile).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(suck* or dummy or dummies or pacifier*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(read or reading or sing* or song* or lullab* or talk* or voice* or vocal).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((auditory or acoustic or noise) adj2 stimulat*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tubefeed* or (tube adj feed*) or (enter* adj feed*) or (enter* adj nutrition)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(breastfeed* or (breast adj milk) or breastmilk or breastfed or (breast adj feed*) or (breast adj fed)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(express* adj2 milk).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/76-89</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 or 75 or 90</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 and 91</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 92 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 93 to yr="1990 -Current"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/95-106</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/108-110</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107 not 111</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/112-124</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94 not 125</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/127-135 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">137</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">139</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">140</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">142</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/137-142 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">144</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">145</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">146</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">147</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">148</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">149</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">150</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">151</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/144-149</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">152</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136 or 143 or 151</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">153</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126 and 152</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">154</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 153</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appb.s1.4"><h5>Systematic reviews, RCTs and Health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search: 18/10/2017</p><p>Databases: The Cochrane Library, issue 10 of 12, October 2017</p><p>Date of updated search: 27/06/2018</p><p>Databases: The Cochrane Library, issue 6 of 12, June 2018</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Infant, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie or premies or low birth weight or very low birth weight):ti,ab,kw</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care, Neonatal] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care Units, Neonatal] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Neonatal Nursing] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) near/2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital* or ICU*)):ti,ab,kw</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special near baby next unit*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie* or premies) near/2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)):ti,ab,kw</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #1-#11}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Family] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Caregivers] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent or parents or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*):ti,ab,kw</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #13-#15}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12 and #16 Publication Year from 1990 to 2017</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Professional-Family Relations] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Object Attachment] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Infant Care] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Parent-Child Relations] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Touch Perception] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Touch] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Sucking Behavior] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Pacifiers] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Voice] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Speech] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Acoustic Stimulation] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Reading] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Singing] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Music Therapy] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Patient Participation] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Enteral Nutrition] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Bottle Feeding] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Breast Feeding] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(“family centred” or “family centered” or “family integrat*”):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((famil* or parent or parents or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*) near (involv* or participat*)):ti,ab,kw</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“development* care"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((famil* or parent or parents or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*) near (caregiving or caring or nurtur*)):ti,ab,kw</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NIDCAP</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(“skin to skin” or “kangaroo care” or “kangaroo position*” or “kangaroo support*”):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((famil* or parent or parents or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*) near (bond or bonding or attachment)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((famil* or parent or parents or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*) near (hold or holding or cuddl* or rock* or swaddl* or touch* or tactile)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“non-nutriti* suck*” or pacifier* or dummy or dummies:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((famil* or parent or parents or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*) near (read or reading or sing* or song* or lullab* or talk* or vocal or voice*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((famil* or parent or parents or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*) near (auditory or acoustic or noise or stimulat*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((famil* or parent or parents or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*) near (tubefeed* or (tube near feed*) or (enter* near feed*) or (enter* near nutrition))):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((famil* or parent or parents or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*) near (breastfeed* or (breast adj milk) or breastmilk or breastfed or (breast adj feed*) or (breast adj fed))):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((famil* or parent or parents or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*) near (express* near milk*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #18-#49} Publication Year from 1990 to 2017</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17 and #50 Publication Year from 1990 to 2017</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appb.s2"><h4>Literature search strategies for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>Date of search: 25/09/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 39, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab5" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-10</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 and 24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp family/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caregivers/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">caregiver/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sibling* or brother* or sister*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26-31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 and 32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stress, Psychological/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp stress/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(stress* or anxious or anxiet* or worry or worri* or concern*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Adaptation, Psychological/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">psychological adjustment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp coping behavior/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Social Support/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">caregiver support/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">self help/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Self-Help Groups/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Counseling/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp counseling/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">counsel*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Crisis Intervention/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crisis intervention/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vulnerable Populations/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">vulnerable population/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Emotions/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Emotion/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((psychological or psychosocial or emotion* or social* or self or crisis) adj2 (support* or adjust* or intervention*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(family?centred or family?centered or family?integrat*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ward round* or involv* or support* or satisf* or dissatisf* or well being or well?being).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(caregiving or caring or nurtur*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Choice Behavior/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decision Support Techniques/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Decision Making/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision making/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family decision making/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">shared decision making/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Professional-Family Relations/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">human relation/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(choice* or choose* or request* or prefer* or decide* or decision* or seek*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Hospital Design and Construction"/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hospital design/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hospital building/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((hospital* or clinic*1 or unit* or department* or facilit*) adj2 (design* or environment* or comfort*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rooming-in Care/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rooming in/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(accommodat* or residen* or living or room*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Food/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp food/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(food or eat* or drink*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parking Facilities/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “traffic and transport”/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(parking or transport*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Financial Support/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or cost* or money or expense*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Child Rearing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp child care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(child care or childcare).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/34-83</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 and 84</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 85 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 86 to yr="1990-current"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/88-99</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/101-103</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 not 104</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/105-117</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87 not 118</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qualitative Research/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">qualitative research/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interview/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp interview/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(theme* or thematic).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">qualitative.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nursing Methodology Research/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nursing methodology research/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">questionnaire*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ethnological research.mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ethnograph*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ethnonursing.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">phenomenol*.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(grounded adj (theor* or study or studies or research or analys?s)).af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(life stor* or women* stor* or men* stor* or people* stor* or person* stor*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(emic or etic or hermeneutic* or heuristic* or semiotic*).af. or (data adj1 saturat*).tw. or participant observ*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(social construct* or (postmodern* or post-structural*) or (post structural* or poststructural*) or post modern* or post-modern* or feminis* or interpret*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">137</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(action research or cooperative inquir* or co operative inquir* or co-operative inquir*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(humanistic or existential or experiential or paradigm*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">139</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(field adj (study or studies or research)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">140</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">human science.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">biographical method.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">142</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">theoretical sampl*.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((purpos* adj4 sampl*) or (focus adj group*)).af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">144</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(account or accounts or unstructured or open-ended or open ended or text* or narrative*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">145</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(life world or life-world or conversation analys?s or personal experience* or theoretical saturation).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">146</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((lived or life) adj experience*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">147</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cluster sampl*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">148</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational method*.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">149</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">content analysis.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">150</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(constant adj (comparative or comparison)).af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">151</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((discourse* or discurs*) adj3 analys?s).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">152</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">narrative analys?s.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">153</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">heidegger*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">154</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">colaizzi*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">155</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">spiegelberg*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">156</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(van adj manen*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">157</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(van adj kaam*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">158</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(merleau adj ponty*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">159</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">husserl*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">160</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">foucault*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">161</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(corbin* adj2 strauss*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">162</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">glaser*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">163</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/120-162</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">164</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">165</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">166</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">167</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">168</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">169</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic or evidence) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">170</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">171</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">172</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">174</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">175</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">176</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pool* or combined) adj2 (data or trials or studies or results)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">177</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/162-163,166,168-173 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">178</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/164-167,169-174 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/177-178</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">180</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">163 or 179</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">181</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119 and 180</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">182</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 181</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p>Date of search: 25/09/2017</p><p>Database(s): AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) 1985 to September 2017, Health and Psychosocial Instruments 1985 to July 2017, Maternity & Infant Care Database (MIDIRS) 1971 to August 2017, PsycINFO 1806 to September Week 3 2017</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab6" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Premature Birth/ or Neonatal Period/ or Birth Weight/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant Newborn/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/2-7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Intensive Care/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intensive Care Neonatal/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/9-14</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 and 16</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ or exp Family Members/ or exp Family Relations/ or Caregivers/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sibling* or brother* or sister*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/19-22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 and 23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychological Stress/ or exp Stress Reactions/ or exp Anxiety/ or Emotional Trauma/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stress Psychological/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(stress* or anxious or anxiet* or worry or worri* or concern*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Stress and Coping Measures”/ or Coping Behavior/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adaptation Psychological/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Social Support/ or Caregiver Burden/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Social Support/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Counseling/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Counseling/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">counsel*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Crisis Intervention/ or exp Crisis Intervention Services/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Emotions/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Emotion/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((psychological or emotion* or social* or self or crisis) adj2 (support* or adjust* or intervention*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parent Perceptions/ or Parental Expectations/ or Parental Involvement/ or Parental Role/ or Parenting/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Family-Centered Care/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(family?centred or family?centered or family?integrat*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ward round* or involv* or support* or satisf* or dissatisf* or well being or well?being).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(caregiving or caring or nurtur*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((professional? or staff* or personnel or doctor? or physician? or consultant? or nurse?) adj3 (relation* or interact* or involv* or meet* or collaborat* or rapport*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nurse-Parent Interaction/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Choice Behavior/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decision Making/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shared Decision Making/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Decision Making/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Professional Family Relations/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(choice* or choose* or request* or prefer* or decide* or decision* or seek*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Health Facilities/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Facility Environment/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((hospital* or clinic*1 or unit* or department* or facilit*) adj2 (design* or environment* or comfort*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(accommodat* or residen* or living or room*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Eating Behavior/ or exp Drinking Behavior/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Food/ and Beverages/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(food or eat* or drink*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(parking or transport*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Financial Strain/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Financing Personal/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or cost* or money).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Child Care/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Child Care/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(child care or childcare).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26-28,30-31,33-37,39-42,44-60,62-71</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 72</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qualitative Research/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">qualitative.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">interview*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(theme* or thematic).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">questionnaire*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ethnological research or ethnograph* or ethnonursing or phenomenol*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(grounded adj (theor* or study or studies or research or analys?s)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(life stor* or women* stor* or men* stor* or people* stor* or person* stor*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(emic or etic or hermeneutic* or heuristic* or semiotic*).af. or (data adj1 saturat*).tw. or participant observ*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(social construct* or (post-modern* or post-structural*) or (post structural* or poststructural*) or post modern* or post-modern* or feminis* or interpret*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(action research or cooperative inquir* or co operative inquir* or co-operative inquir*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(humanistic or existential or experiential or paradigm*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(field adj (study or studies or research)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(human science or biographical method or theoretical sampl*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((purpos* adj4 sampl*) or (focus adj group*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(account or accounts or unstructured or open-ended or open ended or text* or narrative* or life world or life-world or conversation analys?s or personal experience* or theoretical saturation).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((lived or life) adj experience*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cluster sampl* or observational method* or content analysis or (constant adj (comparative or comparison))).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((discourse* or discurs*) adj3 analys?s) or narrative analys?s).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/74-92</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta Analysis/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta Analysis/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj2 (review* or overview*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pool* or combined) adj2 (data or trials or studies or results)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/94-103</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93 or 104</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73 and 105</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 106 to english language [Limit not valid in MWIC; records were retained]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 107 to yr="1990 -Current"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 108</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p>Date of search: 25/09/2017</p><p>Database(s): CINAHL Plus (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) 1937-current, EBSCO Host</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab7" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Query</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S53 AND S100</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S87 OR S99</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S88 OR S89 OR S90 OR S91 OR S92 OR S93 OR S94 OR S95 OR S96 OR S97 OR S98</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">AB ((pool* or combined) N2 (data or trials or studies or results))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Cochrane Library”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">AB (medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">AB (search* N4 literature)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">AB (search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">AB (reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((systematic* or evidence*) N2 (review* or overview*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((systematic or evidence) N2 (review* or overview*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Meta Analysis”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Systematic Review”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S54 OR S55 OR S56 OR S57 OR S58 OR S59 OR S60 OR S61 OR S62 OR S63 OR S64 OR S65 OR S66 OR S67 OR S68 OR S69 OR S70 OR S71 OR S72 OR S73 OR S74 OR S75 OR S76 OR S77 OR S78 OR S79 OR S80 OR S81 OR S82 OR S83 OR S84 OR S85 OR S86</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (constant N1 (comparative or comparison))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((discourse* or discurs or narrative)* N3 analys?s)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (cluster sampl* or theme* or thematic or observational method* or questionnaire* or content analysis)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (life world or life-world or conversation analys?s or personal experience* or theoretical saturation or lived experience* or life experience*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (focus group or account or accounts or unstructured or open-ended or open ended or text* or narrative* or life world or life-world or conversation analys?s or personal experience* or theoretical saturation)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (biographical method or theoretical sampl* or (purpos* N4 sampl*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (field N (study or studies or research))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (action research or cooperative inquir* or co operative inquir* or co-operative inquir* or humanistic or existential or experiential or paradigm*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (social construct* or postmodern* or post-structural* or post structural* or poststructural* or post modern* or post-modern* or feminis* or interpret*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((emic or etic or hermeneutic* or heuristic* or semiotic*) or (data near saturat*) or participant observ*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (life stor* or women* stor* or men* stor* or people* stor* or person* stor*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (grounded N (theor* or study or studies or research or analys?s))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (ethnonursing or ethnograph* or phenomenol*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Cluster Sample+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Life Experiences+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Phenomenological Research”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Theoretical Sample”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Field Studies”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Purposive Sample”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Qualitative Validity+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Constant Comparative Method”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Ethnonursing Research”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Ethnological Research”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Ethnographic Research”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Content Analysis”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Discourse Analysis”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Observational Methods+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Focus Groups”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Questionnaires+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Research, Nursing”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Grounded Theory”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Interviews+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Qualitative Studies+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S20 AND S52</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37 OR S38 OR S39 OR S40 OR S41 OR S42 OR S43 OR S44 OR S45 OR S46 OR S47 OR S48 OR S49 OR S50 OR S51</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (child care or childcare)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Child Care+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (financ* or cost* or money or expense*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Financial Support”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (parking or transport*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (food or eat* or drink*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Food Preferences”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (accommodat* or residen* or living or room*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Rooming In”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((hospital* or clinic or clinics or unit* or department* or facilit*) N (design* or environment* or comfort*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Interior Design and Furnishings+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Family Attitudes+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Professional-Family Relations”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (choice* or choose* or request* or prefer* or decide* or decision* or seek*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Decision Making+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (caregiving or caring or nurtur*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (ward round* or involv* or support* or satisf* or dissatisf* or well being)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (family centred or family centered or family integrat*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((psychological or psychosocial or emotion* or social* or self or crisis) near (support* or adjust* or intervention*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((psychological or psychosocial or emotion* or social* or self or crisis) near2 (support* or adjust* or intervention*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Emotions+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (counsel* or psychotherap* or family theray)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Crisis Intervention”) OR (MH “Special Populations”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Crisis Intervention”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Counseling+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Support Groups”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Coping+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Support, Psychosocial”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Adaptation, Psychological+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (stress* or anxious or anxiet* or worry or worri* or concern*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Stress, Psychological+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S15 AND S19</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S16 OR S17 OR S18</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Caregivers”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Family+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S6 AND S14</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie or premies) N (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (SCBU or NICU)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) near (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital* or ICU*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (special and care and baby and unit*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Neonatal Nursing+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Intensive Care Units, Neonatal”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Intensive Care, Neonatal+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S1 AND S4</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Respiratory Distress Syndrome+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (low birth weight or very low birth weight)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie or premies)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Infant, Newborn+”)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p>Date of search: 25/09/2017</p><p>Database(s): Wiley Web of Science Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) 1900 to present</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab8" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>#39 AND #26</p>
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<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>#38 OR #35</p>
|
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<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>#37 OR #36</p>
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<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>TS=((reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals or search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction or medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit) or (search* NEAR literature))</p>
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<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>TS=((meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*) or ((systematic* or evidence*) NEAR (review* or overview*)) or ((pool* or combined) NEAR (data or trials or studies or results)))</p>
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<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>#34 OR #33 OR #32 OR #31 OR #30 OR #29 OR #28 OR #27</p>
|
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<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((constant NEAR (comparative or comparison)) or ((discourse* or discurs*) NEAR analys?s))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((lived or life) NEAR experience*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((purpos* NEAR sampl*) or (focus NEAR group*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(field NEAR (study or studies or research))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(social construct* or (postmodern* or post-structural*) or (post structural* or poststructural*) or post modern* or post-modern* or feminis* or interpret*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((emic or etic or hermeneutic* or heuristic* or semiotic*) or (data NEAR saturat*) or participant observ*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(grounded NEAR (theor* or study or studies or research or analys?s))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(qualititative or interview* or questionnaire* or theme* or thematic or ethnograph* or ethnonurs* or phenomenol* or action research or cooperative inquir* or co operative inquir* or co-operative inquir* or humanistic or existential or experiential or paradigm* or human science or biographical method or theoretical sampl* or account or accounts or unstructured or open-ended or open ended or text* or narrative* or life world or life-world or conversation analys?s or personal experience* or theoretical saturation or cluster sampl* or observational method* or content analysis or narrative analys?s)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#25 AND #12</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#24 OR #23 OR #22 OR #21 OR #20 OR #19 OR #18 OR #17 OR #16 OR #15 OR #14 OR #13</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(childcare or child care)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(financ* or cost* or money or expense*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(parking or transport*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(food or eat* or drink*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((hospital* or clinic or clinics or unit* or department* or facilit*) NEAR (design* or environment* or comfort*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(choice* or choose* or request* or prefer* or decide* or decision* or seek*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(caregiving or caring or nurtur*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(ward round* or involv* or support* or satisf* or dissatisf* or well being or well-being or wellbeing)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(family centred or family-centred or family centered or family-centered or family integrat* or family-integrat*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((psychological or psychosocial or emotion* or social* or self or crisis) NEAR (support* or adjust* or intervention*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(counsel* or self help or support group* or crisis intervention or vulnerable)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(stress* or anxious or anxiet* or worry or worri* or concern* or coping)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#11 AND #10</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#9 AND #4</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#8 OR #7 OR #6 OR #5</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie or pre?mies) NEAR (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(SCBU or NICU)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) NEAR (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital* or ICU*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(special and care and baby and unit*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#3 OR #2 OR #1</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(low birth weight)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie or pr?emies)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=All languages;</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appb.s2.1"><h5>Health economics</h5><p>Date of search: 25/09/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 39, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab9" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-10</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 and 24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp family/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caregivers/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">caregiver/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sibling* or brother* or sister*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26-31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 and 32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stress, Psychological/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp stress/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(stress* or anxious or anxiet* or worry or worri* or concern*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Adaptation, Psychological/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">psychological adjustment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp coping behavior/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp social support/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">caregiver support/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">self help/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Self-Help Groups/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Counseling/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp counseling/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">counsel*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Crisis Intervention/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crisis intervention/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vulnerable Populations/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">vulnerable population/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Emotions/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Emotion/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((psychological or emotion* or social* or self or crisis) adj2 (support* or adjust* or intervention*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(family?centred or family?centered or family?integrat*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(involv* or support* or satisf* or dissatisf* or well being or well?being).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(caregiving or caring or nurtur*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Choice Behavior/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Decision Support Techniques/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Decision Making/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision making/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family decision making/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">shared decision making/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Professional-Family Relations/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">human relation/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(choice* or choose* or request* or prefer* or decide* or decision* or seek*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Hospital Design and Construction”/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hospital design/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hospital building/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((hospital* or clinic*1 or unit* or department* or facilit*) adj2 (design* or environment* or comfort*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rooming-in Care/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rooming in/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(accommodat* or residen* or living or room*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Food/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp food/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(food or eat* or drink*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parking Facilities/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “traffic and transport”/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(parking or transport*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Financial Support/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or cost* or money).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Child Rearing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp child care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(child care or childcare).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/34-83</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 and 84</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 85 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 86 to yr="1990-current"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/88-99</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/101-103</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 not 104</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/105-117</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87 not 118</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/120-128 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/130-135 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">137</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">139</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">140</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">142</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">144</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/137-142</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">145</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129 or 136 or 144</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">146</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119 and 145</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">147</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 146</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p>Date of search: 25/09/2017</p><p>Database(s): The Cochrane Library, issue 9 of 12, September 2017</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab10" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Infant, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or new-born* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie or premies)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((low adj3 birth near/3 weigh*) or (LBW or VLBW))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care, Neonatal] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care Units, Neonatal] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special care baby unit* or ((newborn or neonatal) near ICU*1) or (SCBU or NICU))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #1-#7}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Family] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Caregivers] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandmother* or grandfather* or caregiver* or carer*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #9-#11}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8 and #12</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Stress, Psychological] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(stress* or anxious or anxiet* or worry or worri* or concern*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Adaptation, Psychological] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Social Support] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Self-Help Groups] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Counseling] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(counsel* or crisis or crises) .tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Crisis Intervention] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Vulnerable Populations] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Emotions] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((psychological or psychosocial or emotion* or social* or self or crisis) near/2 (support* or adjust* or intervention*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(family centred or family centered or family integrat* or ward round* or involv* or support* or satisf* or dissatisf* or well being or wellbeing or caregiving or caring or nurtur*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Choice Behavior] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Decision Support Techniques] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Decision Making] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(choice* or choose* or request* or prefer* or decide* or decision* or seek*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Professional-Family Relations</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Hospital Design and Construction] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((hospital* or clinic*1 or unit* or department* or facilit*) near/2 (design* or environment* or comfort*)) or (accommodat* or residen* or living or room*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Rooming-in Care] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(food or eat* or drink*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Parking Facilities] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(parking or transport*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Financial Support] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or cost* or money)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Child Rearing] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(child care or childcare)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #14-#40}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13 and #41 Publication Year from 1990 to 2017</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appb.s3"><h4>Literature search strategies for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><p>Date of initial search: 09/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 41, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab11" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-10</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 and 24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp family/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caregivers/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">caregiver/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent* or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sibling* or brother* or sister*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26-31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 and 32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Health Education/mt</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Consumer Health Information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patient Education as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patient Education Handout/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Communication/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Health Communication/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Health Promotion/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information Dissemination/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Access to Information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Professional-Family Relations/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Self-Help Groups/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Peer Group/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Charities/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hotlines/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Publications/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pamphlets/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Video-Audio Media/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Educational Technology/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Telephone/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Internet/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Webcasts/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Videoconferencing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Electronic Mail/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Text Messaging/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Social Networking/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Instructional Films and Videos”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Computer-Assisted Instruction/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/34-60 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health education/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health promotion/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">breast feeding education/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">parenting education/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">patient education/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">information dissemination/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">consumer health information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">patient information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">medical information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">access to information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">interpersonal communication/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">doctor patient relation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nurse patient relationship/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">self help/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">support group/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">peer group/ or peer counseling/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hotline/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">publication/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">technology/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">videotape/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">television/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">telephone/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp mobile phone/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Internet/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">webcast/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">e-mail/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">text messaging/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">blogging/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">social media/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">videoconferencing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/62-92 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">patient education handout.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pamphlet* or leaflet* or book*1 or booklet* or diary or diaries or manual* or brochure* or publication* or handout* or magazine* or binder* or journey box* or video* or dvd* or audio* or “face to face” or “in person”).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((information* or educat* or neonatal) adj3 (model* or group* or program* or need* or requirement* or support* or seek* or access* or disseminat*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((language* or age* or gender* or cultur* or person* or ethnic*) adj3 (information* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((timing or frequency or access* or availab* or equal*) and (inform* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or consult* or involvement or support* or counsel* or discuss*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">charit*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hotline* or call line or helpline* or telephone* or phone* or smartphone* or mobile* or email* or texting or messaging or skype or facetime or teleconferenc* or videoconferenc*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(electronic* or online or on-line or internet or website* or web site* or web page* or webpage* or app*1 or social network* or social media* or facebook* or twitter or blog* or webinar* or webcast* or podcast* or youtube or webcam*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/94-102</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 or 93 or 103</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 and 104</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 105 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 106 to yr="1990 -Current"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/108-119</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/121-123</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 not 124</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">137</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/125-137</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">139</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107 not 138</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">140</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">142</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">144</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">145</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic or evidence) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">146</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj2 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">147</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">148</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">149</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">150</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">151</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">152</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pool* or combined) adj2 (data or trials or studies or results)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">153</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/140-141,144,146-151 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">154</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/142-145,147-152 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">155</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/153-154</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">156</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qualitative Research/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">157</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">qualitative research/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">158</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interview/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">159</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp interview/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">160</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(theme* or thematic).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">161</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">qualitative.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">162</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nursing Methodology Research/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">163</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nursing methodology research/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">164</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">questionnaire*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">165</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ethnological research.mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">166</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ethnograph*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">167</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ethnonursing.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">168</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">phenomenol*.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">169</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(grounded adj (theor* or study or studies or research or analys?s)).af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">170</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(life stor* or women* stor* or men* stor* or people* stor* or person* stor*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">171</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(emic or etic or hermeneutic* or heuristic* or semiotic*).af. or (data adj1 saturat*).tw. or participant observ*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">172</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(social construct* or (postmodern* or post-structural*) or (post structural* or poststructural*) or post modern* or post-modern* or feminis* or interpret*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(action research or cooperative inquir* or co operative inquir* or co-operative inquir*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">174</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(humanistic or existential or experiential or paradigm*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">175</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(field adj (study or studies or research)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">176</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">human science.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">177</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">biographical method.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">178</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">theoretical sampl*.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((purpos* adj4 sampl*) or (focus adj group*)).af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">180</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(account or accounts or unstructured or open-ended or open ended or text* or narrative*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">181</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(life world or life-world or conversation analys?s or personal experience* or theoretical saturation).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">182</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((lived or life) adj experience*).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">183</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cluster sampl*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">184</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational method*.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">185</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">content analysis.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">186</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(constant adj (comparative or comparison)).af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">187</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((discourse* or discurs*) adj3 analys?s).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">188</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">narrative analys?s.af.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">189</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">heidegger*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">190</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">colaizzi*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">191</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">spiegelberg*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">192</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(van adj manen*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">193</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(van adj kaam*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">194</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(merleau adj ponty*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">195</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">husserl*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">196</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">foucault*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">197</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(corbin* adj2 strauss*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">198</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">glaser*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">199</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/156-198</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">200</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">155 or 199</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">201</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">139 and 200</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">202</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 201</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p>Date of initial search: 09/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) 1985 to September 2017, Maternity & Infant Care Database (MIDIRS) 1971 to September 2017, PsycINFO 1806 to October Week 1 2017</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab12" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Premature Birth/ or Neonatal Period/ or Birth Weight/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant Newborn/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/2-7</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Intensive Care/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intensive Care Neonatal/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/9-15</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 and 16</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ or exp Family Members/ or exp Family Relations/ or Caregivers/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sibling* or brother* or sister*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18-22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 and 23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Health Education/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health education/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Client Education/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Communication/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Communication/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Health Complaints/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Health Promotion/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Health Promotion/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information Dissemination/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information Seeking/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Professional-Family Relations/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Self-Help Groups/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Support Groups/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peers/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peer Group/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Charities/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Organizations/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hot Line Services/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hotlines/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Communications Media/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Communications Media/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Internet/ or Websites/ or Blog/ or exp Social Media/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Text Messaging/ or exp Mobile Devices/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Instructional Media/ or Audiovisual Instruction/ or Computer-Assisted Instruction/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Computer Assisted Instruction/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parent Training/ or Parenting Skills/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patient Education/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25-45,47,49,51-52,54-55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pamphlet* or leaflet* or book*1 or booklet* or diary or diaries or manual* or brochure* or publication* or handout* or magazine* or binder* or journey box* or video* or dvd* or audio* or “face to face” or “in person”).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((information* or educat* or neonatal) adj3 (model* or group* or program* or need* or requirement* or support* or seek* or access* or disseminat*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((language* or age* or gender* or cultur* or person* or stage* of life or life stage* or lifestyle* or leisure) adj3 (information* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((timing or frequency or access* or availab* or equal*) and (inform* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or consult* or involvement or support* or counsel* or discuss*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">charit*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hotline* or call line or helpline* or telephone* or phone* or smartphone* or mobile* or texting or messaging or skype or facetime or videoconferenc*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(electronic* or online or on-line or internet or website* or web site* or web page* or webpage* or app*1 or social network* or social media* or facebook* or twitter or blog* or webinar* or webcast* or podcast* or youtube or webcam*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/57-64</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 or 65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 and 66</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 67 to english language [Limit not valid in MWIC; records were retained]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 68 to yr="1990 -Current"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Qualitative Research/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">qualitative.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">interview*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(theme* or thematic).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">questionnaire*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ethnological research or ethnograph* or ethnonursing or phenomenol*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(grounded adj (theor* or study or studies or research or analys?s)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(life stor* or women* stor* or men* stor* or people* stor* or person* stor*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(emic or etic or hermeneutic* or heuristic* or semiotic*).af. or (data adj1 saturat*).tw. or participant observ*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(social construct* or (postmodern* or post-structural*) or (post structural* or poststructural*) or post modern* or post-modern* or feminis* or interpret*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(action research or cooperative inquir* or co operative inquir* or co-operative inquir*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(humanistic or existential or experiential or paradigm*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(field adj (study or studies or research)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(human science or biographical method or theoretical sampl*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((purpos* adj4 sampl*) or (focus adj group*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(account or accounts or unstructured or open-ended or open ended or text* or narrative* or life world or life-world or conversation analys?s or personal experience* or theoretical saturation).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((lived or life) adj experience*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cluster sampl* or observational method* or content analysis or (constant adj (comparative or comparison))).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((discourse* or discurs*) adj3 analys?s) or narrative analys?s).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/70-88</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta Analysis/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta Analysis/ use amed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj2 (review* or overview*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pool* or combined) adj2 (data or trials or studies or results)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/90-99</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89 or 100</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69 and 101</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 102</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p>Date of initial search: 10/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): EBSCO Host CINAHL Plus</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab13" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Query</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S41 AND S62</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S54 OR S61</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S55 OR S56 OR S57 OR S58 OR S59 OR S60</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">AB ((pool* or combined) N2 (data or trials or studies or results))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Cochrane Library”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">AB (reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals) OR (search* N4 literature) OR (search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction) or (medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((systematic or evidence) N2 (review* or overview*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Systematic Review”) OR (MH “Meta Analysis”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S42 OR S43 OR S44 OR S45 OR S46 OR S47 OR S48 OR S49 OR S50 OR S51 OR S52 OR S53</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (constant N1 (comparative or comparison))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((discourse* or discurs or narrative)* N3 analys?s)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (focus group or account or accounts or unstructured or open-ended or open ended or text* or narrative* or life world or life-world or conversation analys?s or personal experience* or theoretical saturation or life world or life-world or conversation analys?s or personal experience* or theoretical saturation or lived experience* or life experience* or cluster sampl* or theme* or thematic or observational method* or questionnaire* or content analysis)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (biographical method or theoretical sampl* or (purpos* N4 sampl*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (field N1(study or studies or research))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (social construct* or postmodern* or post-structural* or post structural* or poststructural* or post modern* or post-modern* or feminis* or interpret* or action research or cooperative inquir* or co operative inquir* or co-operative inquir* or humanistic or existential or experiential or paradigm*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((emic or etic or hermeneutic* or heuristic* or semiotic*) or (data near saturat*) or participant observ*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (life stor* or women* stor* or men* stor* or people* stor* or person* stor*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (ethnonursing or ethnograph* or phenomenol* or (grounded N1 (theor* or study or studies or research or analys?s))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Grounded Theory”) OR (MH “Research, Nursing”) OR (MH “Field Studies”) OR (MH “Theoretical Sample”) OR (MH “Phenomenological Research”) OR (MH “Life Experiences+”) OR (MH “Cluster Sample+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Interviews+”) OR (MH “Questionnaires+”) OR (MH “Focus Groups”) OR (MH “Observational Methods+”) OR (MH “Discourse Analysis”) OR (MH “Content Analysis”) OR (MH “Ethnographic Research”) OR (MH “Ethnological Research”) OR (MH “Ethnonursing Research”) OR (MH “Constant Comparative Method”) OR (MH “Qualitative Validity+”) OR (MH “Purposive Sample”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Qualitative Studies+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S19 AND S40</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37 OR S38 OR S39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (electronic* or online or on-line or internet or website* or web site* or web page* or webpage* or app or apps or social network* or social media* or facebook* or twitter or blog* or webinar* or webcast* or podcast* or youtube or webcam*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (charit* or hotline* or call line or helpline* or telephone* or phone* or smartphone* or mobile* or email* or texting or messaging or skype or facetime or teleconferenc* or videoconferenc*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI ((timing or frequency or access* or availab* or equal*) and (inform* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or consult* or involvement or support* or counsel* or discuss*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI ((language* or age* or gender* or cultur* or person* or ethnic*) N (information* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI ((information* or educat* or neonatal) N (model* or group* or program* or need* or requirement* or support* or seek* or access* or disseminat*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (pamphlet* or leaflet* or book*1 or booklet* or diary or diaries or manual* or brochure* or publication* or handout* or magazine* or binder* or journey box* or video* or dvd* or audio* or “face to face” or “in person”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Computer Assisted Instruction”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Communications Media”) OR (MH “Audiorecording”) OR (MH “Videorecording”) OR (MH “Social Media”) OR (MH “Webcasts”) OR (MH “Telecommunications+”) OR (MH “Audiovisuals”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Information Resources+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Telephone Information Services”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Support Groups”) or (MH “Peer Group”) or (MH “Charities”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Professional-Family Relations”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Information Needs”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Access to Information+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Selective Dissemination of Information”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Parental Notification”) OR (MM “Communication”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MM “Patient Education”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MM “Consumer Health Information”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MM “Health Education”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S14 AND S18</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S15 OR S16 OR S17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Caregivers”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Family+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX TX ((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie or premies) N (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (SCBU or NICU)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX ((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) near (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital* or ICU*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (special and care and baby and unit*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Intensive Care Units, Neonatal”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Intensive Care, Neonatal+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S6</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S1 AND S5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Respiratory Distress Syndrome+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (low birth weight or very low birth weight)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Infant, Low Birth Weight+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TX (infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie or premies)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “Infant, Newborn+”)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p>Date of initial search: 10/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): Wiley Web of Science Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) 1900 to present</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab14" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#34 AND #21</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#33 OR #30</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#32 OR #31</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals or search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction or medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit) or (search* NEAR literature))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly*) or ((systematic* or evidence*) NEAR (review* or overview*)) or ((pool* or combined) NEAR (data or trials or studies or results)))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#29 OR #28 OR #27 OR #26 OR #25 OR #24 OR #23 OR #22</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((constant NEAR (comparative or comparison)) or ((discourse* or discurs*) NEAR analys?s))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((lived or life) NEAR experience*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((purpos* NEAR sampl*) or (focus NEAR group*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(field NEAR (study or studies or research))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(social construct* or (postmodern* or post-structural*) or (post structural* or poststructural*) or post modern* or post-modern* or feminis* or interpret*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((emic or etic or hermeneutic* or heuristic* or semiotic*) or (data NEAR saturat*) or participant observ*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(grounded NEAR (theor* or study or studies or research or analys?s))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(qualititative or interview* or questionnaire* or theme* or thematic or ethnograph* or ethnonurs* or phenomenol* or action research or cooperative inquir* or co operative inquir* or co-operative inquir* or humanistic or existential or experiential or paradigm* or human science or biographical method or theoretical sampl* or account or accounts or unstructured or open-ended or open ended or text* or narrative* or life world or life-world or conversation analys?s or personal experience* or theoretical saturation or cluster sampl* or observational method* or content analysis or narrative analys?s)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#20 AND #12</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#19 OR #18 OR #17 OR #16 OR #15 OR #14 OR #13</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(electronic* or online or on-line or internet or website* or web site* or web page* or webpage* or app*1 or social network* or social media* or facebook* or twitter or blog* or webinar* or webcast* or podcast* or youtube or webcam*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TS=(charit* or hotline* or call line or helpline* or telephone* or phone* or smartphone* or mobile* or email* or texting or messaging or skype or facetime or teleconferenc* or videoconferenc*) DocType=All document types; Language=English;</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((timing or frequency or access* or availab* or equal*) and (inform* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or consult* or involvement or support* or counsel* or discuss*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TI=((language* or age* or gender* or cultur* or ethnic*) NEAR (information* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TI=(learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((information* or educat* or neonatal) NEAR (model* or group* or program* or need* or requirement* or support* or seek* or access* or disseminat*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(pamphlet* or leaflet* or book or books or booklet* or diary or diaries or manual* or brochure* or publication* or handout* or magazine* or periodical* or binder* or journey box* or video* or dvd* or audio* or “face to face” or “in person”)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#11 AND #10</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer* or sibling* or brother* or sister*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#9 AND #4</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#8 OR #7 OR #6 OR #5</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie or pre?mies) NEAR (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(SCBU or NICU)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) NEAR (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital* or ICU*))</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(special and care and baby and unit*)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>#3 OR #2 OR #1</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(low birth weight)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie or pr?emies)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>TS=(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies)</p>
|
||
<p>DocType=All document types; Language=English;</p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appb.s3.1"><h5>Qualitative and health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search: 09/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): The Cochrane Library, issue 10 of 12, October 2017</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab15" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Infant, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or new-born* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie or premies)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((low adj3 birth near/3 weigh*) or (LBW or VLBW))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care, Neonatal] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intensive Care Units, Neonatal] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special care baby unit* or ((newborn or neonatal) near ICU*1) or (SCBU or NICU))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #1-#7}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Family] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Caregivers] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent? or parental or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandmother* or grandfather* or caregiver* or carer*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #9-#11}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8 and #12</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Health Education] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Methods - MT]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Consumer Health Information] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Patient Education as Topic] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Patient Education Handout] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Communication] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Health Communication] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Health Promotion] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Information Dissemination] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Access to Information] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Professional-Family Relations] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Self-Help Groups] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Peer Group] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Charities] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Hotlines] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Publications] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Pamphlets] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Video-Audio Media] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Educational Technology] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Telephone] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Internet] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Videoconferencing] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Computer-Assisted Instruction] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pamphlet* or leaflet* or book or books or booklet* or diary or diaries or manual or manuals or brochure* or publication* or handout* or magazine* or periodical* or binder* or journey box* or video* or dvd* or audio* or “face to face” or “in person”):ti</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((information* or educat* or neonatal) next (model* or group* or program* or need* or requirement* or support* or seek* or access* or disseminat*)):ti</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*):ti</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((language* or age* or gender* or cultur* or stage* of life or life stage* or lifestyle*) next (information* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*)):ti</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((timing or frequency or access* or availab* or equal*) and (inform* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or consult* or involvement or support* or counsel* or discuss*)):ti</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">charit*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hotline* or call line or helpline* or telephone* or phone* or smartphone* or mobile* or texting or messaging or skype or facetime or teleconferenc* or videoconferenc*):ti</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(electronic* or online or on-line or internet or website* or web site* or web page* or webpage* or email* or app*1 or social network* or social media* or facebook* or twitter or blog* or webinar* or webcast* or podcast* or youtube or webcam*):ti</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">{or #14-#43}</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13 and #44 Publication Year from 1990 to 2017, in Cochrane Reviews (Reviews and Protocols), Other Reviews, Technology Assessments and Economic Evaluations</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appb.s3.2"><h5>Health economics</h5><p>Date of initial search: 09/10/2017</p><p>Database(s): Embase 1980 to 2017 Week 41, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</p><div id="ch6.appb.tab16" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appb.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Infant, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prematurity/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(infan* or neonat* or neo-nat* or newborn* or baby or babies).ti,ab,jw,nw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre-matur* or pre?mie* or premie*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp low birth weight/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(LBW or VLBW).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal respiratory distress syndrome/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-10</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn intensive care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neonatal intensive care unit/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neonatal Nursing/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp newborn nursing/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">newborn care/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(special and care and baby and unit*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonatal or neo-natal) adj ICU*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((newborn or neonat* or neo-nat*) adj2 (unit or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SCBU or NICU).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((infan* or baby or babies or preterm or pre-term or prematur* or pre?mie* or premie*1) adj2 (unit* or care or department* or facilit* or hospital*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12-23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 and 24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Family/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp family/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caregivers/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">caregiver/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(famil* or parent* or mother* or maternal or father* or paternal or grandparent* or grandfather* or grandmother* or caregiver* or carer*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sibling* or brother* or sister*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26-31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 and 32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Health Education/mt</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Consumer Health Information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patient Education as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patient Education Handout/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Communication/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Health Communication/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Health Promotion/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information Dissemination/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Access to Information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Professional-Family Relations/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Self-Help Groups/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Peer Group/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Charities/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hotlines/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Publications/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pamphlets/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Video-Audio Media/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Educational Technology/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Telephone/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Internet/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Webcasts/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Videoconferencing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Electronic Mail/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Text Messaging/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Social Networking/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Instructional Films and Videos”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Computer-Assisted Instruction/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/34-60 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health education/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health promotion/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">breast feeding education/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">parenting education/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">patient education/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">information dissemination/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">consumer health information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">patient information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">medical information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">access to information/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">interpersonal communication/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">doctor patient relation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nurse patient relationship/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">self help/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">support group/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">peer group/ or peer counseling/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hotline/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">publication/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">technology/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">videotape/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">television/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">telephone/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp mobile phone/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Internet/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">webcast/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">e-mail/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">text messaging/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">blogging/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">social media/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">videoconferencing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/62-92 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">patient education handout.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pamphlet* or leaflet* or book*1 or booklet* or diary or diaries or manual* or brochure* or publication* or handout* or magazine* or binder* or journey box* or video* or dvd* or audio* or “face to face” or “in person”).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((information* or educat* or neonatal) adj3 (model* or group* or program* or need* or requirement* or support* or seek* or access* or disseminat*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((language* or age* or gender* or cultur* or person* or stage* of life or life stage* or lifestyle* or leisure) adj3 (information* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or involvement or support* or counsel*)).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((timing or frequency or access* or availab* or equal*) and (inform* or educat* or learn* or train* or program* or advi?e* or instruct* or teach* or knowledge or understanding or misunderstanding or communicat* or miscommunicat* or consult* or involvement or support* or counsel* or discuss*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">charit*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hotline* or call line or helpline* or telephone* or phone* or smartphone* or mobile* or texting or messaging or skype or facetime or videoconferenc*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(electronic* or online or on-line or internet or website* or web site* or web page* or webpage* or app*1 or social network* or social media* or facebook* or twitter or blog* or webinar* or webcast* or podcast* or youtube or webcam*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/94-102</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 or 93 or 103</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 and 104</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 105 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 106 to yr="1990 -Current"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/108-119</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/121-123</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 not 124</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">130</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">131</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">133</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">134</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">137</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/125-137</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">139</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107 not 138</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">140</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">142</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">144</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">145</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">146</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">147</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">148</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">149</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/140-148 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">150</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">health economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">151</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp economic evaluation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">152</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp health care cost/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">153</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp fee/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">154</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">155</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">funding/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">156</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/150-155 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">157</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">158</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">159</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">160</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">161</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">162</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">163</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">164</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/157-162</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">165</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">149 or 156 or 164</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">166</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">139 and 165</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">167</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 166</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch6.appc.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence study selection for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appc.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch6appcf1&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appcf1.jpg" alt="Image ch6appcf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appc.s2"><h4>Clinical evidence study selection for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appc.fig4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch6appcf2&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appcf2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appcf2.jpg" alt="Image ch6appcf2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appc.s3"><h4>Clinical evidence study selection for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><div id="ch6.appc.fig5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch6appcf3&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appcf3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appcf3.jpg" alt="Image ch6appcf3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="ch6.appd.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch6.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (839K)</span></p></div><div id="ch6.appd.s2"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch6.appd.et2"><a href="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6-appd-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (836K)</span></p></div><div id="ch6.appd.s3"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><p id="ch6.appd.et3"><a href="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6-appd-et3.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (517K)</span></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch6.appe.s1"><h4>Forest plots for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appe.s1.1"><h5>Comparison 4: NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</h5><div id="ch6.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Initial%20admission%20length%20of%20stay.&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Initial admission length of stay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Initial admission length of stay</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; GA: gestational age; IV: inverse variance; NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>; Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Bronchopulmonary%20dysplasia.&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; GA: gestational age; M-H: Mantel Haenszel; NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>; Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Cerebral%20palsy.&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Cerebral palsy." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Cerebral palsy</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; GA: gestational age; M-H: Mantel Haenszel; NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>; Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Neurodevelopmental%20mental%20delay.&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Neurodevelopmental mental delay." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Neurodevelopmental mental delay</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel Haenszel; NIDCAP®; Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Severe%20hearing%20impairment.&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Severe hearing impairment." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Severe hearing impairment</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; GA: gestational age; M-H: Mantel Haenszel; NIDCAP®; Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Sepsis%20before%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Sepsis before discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Sepsis before discharge</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; GA: gestational age; M-H: Mantel Haenszel;; NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>; Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Mortality%20before%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Mortality before discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Mortality before discharge</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; GA: gestational age; M-H: Mantel Haenszel; NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>; Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2"><h4>Forest plots for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>Not applicable for this review.</p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s3"><h4>Forest plots for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><p>Not applicable for this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE and GRADE CERQual tables</h3><div id="ch6.appf.s1"><h4>GRADE tables for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 1. Kangaroo care or skin to skin care versus conventional care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Number of participants</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">KC or STS</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial admission LOS (Days; better indicated by lower values)<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab1_1">a</a></sup></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab1_3">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 higher (14.95 lower to 18.95 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sepsis<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab1_2">b</a></sup></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab1_3">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/33</p>
|
||
<p>(15.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/27</p>
|
||
<p>(29.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.51 (0.19 to 1.38)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">145 fewer per 1000 (from 240 fewer to 112 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality prior to discharge<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab1_2">b</a></sup></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab1_3">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/33</p>
|
||
<p>(6.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/27</p>
|
||
<p>(3.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.64 (0.16 to 17.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24 more per 1000 (from 31 fewer to 595 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; KC: kangaroo care; LOS: length of stay; MD: mean difference; MID: minimal important difference; STS: skin-to-skin care</p></div></dd><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Intervention described as Kangaroo care</p></div></dd><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Intervention described as Skin to skin care</p></div></dd><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 because 95% CI crosses 2 default MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 2. Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) versus no NNS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Number of participants</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Non-nutritive sucking</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"> Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial admission LOS – NNS Pre-NGT feeds (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 17.56 lower (35.97 lower to 0.85 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial admission LOS – NNS Onset NGT feeds (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab2_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 16.5 lower (30.45 to 2.55 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; LOS: length of stay; MD: mean difference; MID: minimal important difference; NGT: nasogastric tube; NNS: non-nutritive sucking</p></div></dd><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 because 95% CI crosses 1 default MID</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 3. Family Integrated Care (FIC) versus standard care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Number of participants</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">FIC</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial admission LOS (Days; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">895</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">891</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 higher (1.8 to 2.2 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BPD</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious imprecision<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>167/889</p>
|
||
<p>(19%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>149/887</p>
|
||
<p>(17%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">AdjOR 0·80 (0·44 to 1·46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">26 fewer per 1000 (from 79 fewer to 55 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality prior to discharge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab3_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious imprecision<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab3_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>11/895</p>
|
||
<p>(1.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/891</p>
|
||
<p>(0.45%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">AdjOR 2.21 (0.64 to 7.68)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5 more per 1000 (from 2 fewer to 29 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AdjOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; FIC: Family Integrated Care; LOS: length of stay; MD: mean difference</p></div></dd><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">A greater proportion of infants in the FICare group were born at a younger gestational age (22–28 weeks) than those in the standard care group (50% versus 42%)</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 level because the 95% CI of the univariate risk ratio includes 1 MID</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Comparison 4. NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Number of participants</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">NIDCAP<sup>®</sup></th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial admission LOS – all gestational ages (Days; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">254</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">252</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 8.67 lower (17.25 to 0.10 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial admission LOS - <28 weeks GA (Days; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_2">2</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 25.98 lower (58.84 lower to 6.89 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial admission LOS - <30 weeks GA (Days; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 22.1 lower (46.28 lower to 2.08 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial admission LOS - <32 weeks GA (Days; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">126</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">129</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 9.72 lower (16.93 to 2.51 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial admission LOS - 28-34 weeks GA (Days; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.79 higher (4.6 lower to 20.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initial admission LOS - 30-34 weeks GA (Days; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 lower (10.52 lower to 6.52 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BPD – all gestational ages</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>109/248</p>
|
||
<p>(44%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>120/239</p>
|
||
<p>(50.2%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.86 (0.74 to 1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">70 fewer per 1000 (from 131 fewer to 0 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BPD - <28 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>72/85</p>
|
||
<p>(84.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>68/79</p>
|
||
<p>(86.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.98 (0.87 to 1.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17 fewer per 1000 (from 112 fewer to 103 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BPD - <32 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>34/147</p>
|
||
<p>(23.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>51/146</p>
|
||
<p>(34.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.65 (0.46 to 0.93)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">122 fewer per 1000 (from 24 fewer to 189 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BPD - 28-34 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_6">6</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/16</p>
|
||
<p>(18.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/14</p>
|
||
<p>(7.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.62 (0.31 to 22.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">115 more per 1000 (from 49 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cerebral Palsy – all gestational ages</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/73</p>
|
||
<p>(1.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>6/76</p>
|
||
<p>(7.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.32 (0.07 to 1.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">54 fewer per 1000 (from 73 fewer to 34 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cerebral Palsy - <28 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/11</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/11</p>
|
||
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.33 (0.02 to 7.39)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">61 fewer per 1000 (from 89 fewer to 581 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cerebral Palsy - <32 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/62</p>
|
||
<p>(1.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/65</p>
|
||
<p>(7.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.32 (0.06 to 1.74)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">52 fewer per 1000 (from 72 fewer to 57 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate or severe neurodevelopmental mental delay</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>14/114</p>
|
||
<p>(12.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>31/126</p>
|
||
<p>(24.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.5 (0.28 to 0.89)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">123 fewer per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 177 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neurodevelopmental mental delay - Severe</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>5/51</p>
|
||
<p>(9.8%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>15/50</p>
|
||
<p>(30%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.33 (0.13 to 0.83)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">201 fewer per 1000 (from 51 fewer to 261fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neurodevelopmental mental delay - Moderate or severe</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_7">7</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>9/63</p>
|
||
<p>(154.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>16/76</p>
|
||
<p>(21.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.68 (0.32 to 1.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">67 fewer per 1000 (from 143 fewer to 91 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Psychomotor delay - Moderate or severe</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>23/63</p>
|
||
<p>(36.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>24/76</p>
|
||
<p>(31.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.16 (0.73 to 1.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51 more per 1000 (from 85 fewer to 265 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe hearing impairment – all gestational ages</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>2/73</p>
|
||
<p>(2.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>4/76</p>
|
||
<p>(5.3%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.65 (0.17 to 2.5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18 fewer per 1000 (from 44 fewer to 79 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe hearing impairment - <30 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/11</p>
|
||
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/11</p>
|
||
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.07 to 14.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 85 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe hearing impairment - <32 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_8">8</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/62</p>
|
||
<p>(1.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>3/65</p>
|
||
<p>(4.6%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.56 (0.11 to 2.74)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20 fewer per 1000 (from 41 fewer to 80 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe visual impairment - <32 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>1/11</p>
|
||
<p>(9.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0/15</p>
|
||
<p>(0%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4 (0.18 to 89.85)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sepsis – all gestational ages</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>76/165</p>
|
||
<p>(46.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>86/164</p>
|
||
<p>(52.4%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.88 (0.71 to 1.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">63 fewer per 1000 (from 152 fewer to 42 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sepsis - <30 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/17</p>
|
||
<p>(47.1%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>8/16</p>
|
||
<p>(50%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.94 (0.47 to 1.9)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30 fewer per 1000 (from 265 fewer to 450 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sepsis - <32 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_4">4</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>68/148</p>
|
||
<p>(45.9%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>78/148</p>
|
||
<p>(52.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.87 (0.7 to 1.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">69 fewer per 1000 (from 158 fewer to 47 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality prior to discharge <32 weeks GA</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab4_5">5</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>13/153</p>
|
||
<p>(8.5%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>10/156</p>
|
||
<p>(6.7%)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.33 (0.6 to 2.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22 more per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 131 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; GA: gestational age; LOS: length of stay; MD: mean difference; NIDCAP®: Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Although some authors maintain that blinding of parents and NICU staff to treatment allocation was achieved, other authors report that this is not feasible and there is a high risk of contamination across treatment groups</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 as there may be serious heterogeneity (I2 = 62%); subgroup analysis done according to gestatational age and random effects model used</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 as there may be serious heterogeneity (I2 = 75%); subgroup analysis done according to gestatational age and random effects model used</p></div></dd><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_4"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 because 95%CI crosses 1 default MID</p></div></dd><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_5"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 2 because 95% CI crosses 2 default MIDs</p></div></dd><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_6"><p class="no_margin">Some studies defined BPD on the basis of a chest X-ray rather than the preferred definition on the basis of oxygen dependency at 36 wks PCA</p></div></dd><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_7"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 as there may be moderate heterogeneity (I2 =48%)</p></div></dd><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_8"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 as there may be moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 58%)</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2"><h4>GRADE CERQual tables for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 1. Social and psychological support</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 1: Friends and family</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (Ardal 2011; Feeley 2013; Smith 2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 studies conducted in different countries (Canada, USA) among fathers and parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that practical support, including meal preparation, assistance with household tasks, and child care, from friends and family assisted the parents in involving themselves with their preterm infant in the NICU. Parents also found that family and friends who were familiar with the NICU and demonstrated empathy and understanding of the parents’ anxieties reduced the stress over the burden of educating and reassuring those in the social support network who were not familiar with the situation.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab5_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 2: Counselling</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (Falck 2016; Feeley 2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 studies conducted in different countries (USA, Canada) among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that an interdisciplinary NICU team with professionals who are able to provide psychological and spiritual support was valuable and some fathers utilised online chat rooms with similar parents in order to guide their involvement in their child’s care.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab5_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab5_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 3: Partners</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 (Feeley 2013; Flacking 2016; Heinemann 2013; MacDonald 2007; Pohlman 2009; Smith 2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 structured questionnaire; 5 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 studies conducted in different countries (USA, Canada, Sweden, England, Finland) among parents, mothers, fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that being able to talk about the NICU experience with their partner and developing a routine around caregiving activities supported parents in coping with having their infant in the NICU.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab5_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">NICU: neonatal intensive care unit</p></div></dd><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by 1 due to studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Falck 2016; Feeley 2013; Flacking 2016; MacDonald 2007; Pohlman 2009; Smith 2012)</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded by 2 due to the evidence not being sufficiently rich or too small a number in the context of the review finding</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 2. Staff support</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 1: Facilitating parents in participating in care</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 (Cescutti-Butler 2003; Gibbs 2016; Guillaume 2013; Heinemann 2013; Wigert 2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 focused conversational interview; 3 semi-structured interviews; 1 open-ended interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 studies conducted in different countries (UK, France, Sweden) among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that staff acted as gatekeepers to their participation in their infant’s care. Participating in ward rounds, hearing information about their child, and caring behaviour facilitate and support parents in becoming involved with their infant’s care.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 2: Facilitating the transition into parenting role</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 (Cescutti-Butler 2003; Feeley 2013; Gibbs 2016; Guillaume 2013; Neu 1999; Smith 2012; Wigert 2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 focused conversational interview; 4 semi-structured interviews; 2 unstructured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 studies conducted in different countries (UK, Canada, France, USA, Sweden) among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that parents felt more confident transitioning into the parenting role when staff provided encouragement and the parents felt they had the freedom to care for their child with the staff present to help if needed. Staff who provided informal and formal training on providing care and who acted as role models that the parents could observe were also welcome supports.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 3: Communication to reduce stress</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 (Falck 2016; Flacking 2016; Gibbs 2016; Guillaume 2013; Heinemann 2013; Holditch-Davis 2000; Pohlman 2009; Wigert 2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 structured questionnaire; 6 semi-structured interviews; 1 open-ended interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 studies conducted in different countries (USA, UK, France, Sweden, Finland) among parents and mothers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that communication with staff was crucial for developing a trusting relationship with staff and minimising parental anxiety. Elements such as using transparent communication methods to provide personalised information, family meetings to facilitate shared decision making, and regular phone updates when the parents are not in the NICU, assisted the parents and mothers to reduce stress. Parents need to feel that their beliefs and concerns are respected and that the information they receive is shared at the appropriate time and is not too medical.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-theme 4: Interpersonal relationships</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 (Cescutti-Butler 2003; Gibbs 2016; Heinemann 2013; Holditch-Davis 2000; Jackson 2003; Smith 2012; Wigert 2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 focused conversational interview; 5 semi-structured interviews; 1 open-ended interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 studies conducted in different countries (UK, USA, Sweden) among parents and mothers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that feeling a sense of rapport with staff gave the parents both self-confidence in their parenting role and that their infant was being cared for well in the NICU. Parents found it beneficial when staff facilitated friendships with other parents and NICU graduate parents, through activities such as coffee hours or scrapbooking sessions, as enjoyed interacting with people whose child was or had been receiving the same care.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-theme 5: Continuity of care</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 (Falck 2016; Gibbs 2016; Guillaume 2013; MacDonald 2003; Pohlman 2009; Wigert 2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 semi-structured interviews; 1 open-ended interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 studies conducted in different countries (Canada, USA, UK, France, Sweden) among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that having continuity in the staff caring for their infant facilitated a sense of trust and confidence in the care the nurses were providing. Parents felt that lack of consistency in care meant that staff did not always know the infant and would have different opinions on the type of care that was needed. Parents felt supported by having a contact or designated nurse or doctor.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab6_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">NICU: neonatal intensive care unit</p></div></dd><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by 1 due to studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Falck 2016; Feeley 2013; Flacking 2016; Guillaume 2013; Holditch-Davis 2000; Jackson 2003; MacDonald 2007; Neu 1999; Pohlman 2009; Smith 2012)</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 3. Parent-to-parent support</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 1: Shared experiences</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (Ardal 2011; Gibbs 2016; Smith 2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 studies conducted in different countries (Canada, UK, USA) among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that having a parent-buddy who spoke the same language, was from the same ethno-cultural background, and had the same experience with an infant in the NICU enabled them to communicate their feelings and concerns and understand the preterm birth experience. Engaging with other NICU parents helped parents to cope because it provided them with information and perspective.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 2: Observational learning</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (Feeley 2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 study conducted in Canada among fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that being able to watch other parents in open-spaced NICUs as they cared for their own infants helped them to become more involved with their infant.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab7_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab7_2">2</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">NICU: neonatal intensive care unit</p></div></dd><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by 1 due to a study not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Feeley 2013)</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded by 2 due to the evidence not being sufficiently rich or too small a number in the context of the review finding</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 4. Hospital environment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 1: Need for privacy</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 (Falck 2016; Flacking 2016; Heinemann 2013; Jackson 2003; Neu 1999)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 structured questionnaire; 3 semi-structured interviews; 1 open-ended interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 studies conducted in different countries (USA, UK, Sweden, Finland) among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that the lack of privacy, noise, and business in the NICU prevented parents from engaging in skin-to-skin care and feeling comfortable expressing emotions.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 2: Friendly, homelike environments</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (Feeley 2013; Heinemann 2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 studies conducted in different countries (Canada, Sweden) among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that allowing 24 hour visiting access and an NICU environment with décor and furniture that resembled a home environment facilitated involvement in their infant’s care.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab8_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 3: Feelings of security or insecurity</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 (Falck 2016; Feeley 2013; Holditch-Davis 2000; Guillaume 2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 studies conducted in different countries (USA, Canada, France) among parents, fathers, and mothers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that in order to feel secure in the NICU environment they had to understand the different medical equipment and monitors. An open-room design made some mothers feel safer and secure as they were in close proximity to medical staff.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-theme 4: Participating in care</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (Flacking 2016; Gibbs 2016; MacDonald 2007)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 studies conducted in different countries (Canada, UK, Sweden, Finland) among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that the presence of respiratory equipment and lines in the NICU environment highlighted the severity of their infant’s health condition and limited their involvement in nurturing their infant. The cultural environment of the NICU, including policies, restricted visiting hours, and prevention from joining in ward rounds, hindered parents from being able to engage with their infant.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab8_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab8_2">2</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">NICU: neonatal intensive care unit</p></div></dd><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by 1 due to studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Falck 2016; Feeley 2013; Flacking 2016; Guillaume 2013; Holditch-Davis 2000; Jackson 2003; MacDonald 2007; Neu 1999)</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded by 2 due to the evidence not being sufficiently rich or too small a number in the context of the review finding</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 5. Employment support</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (Feeley 2013; Jackson 2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 structured questionnaire; 1 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 studies conducted in different countries (Canada, Sweden) among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that having employers who provided paternity leaves enabled them to participate more in their infant’s care and visit the NICU more frequently.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab9_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab9_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab9_3">3</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">NICU: neonatal intensive care unit</p></div></dd><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by due to studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Feeley 2013; Jackson 2003)</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the relevance of the findings was downgraded by 1 due to indirectness in the study population (Jackson 2003)</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_3"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded by 2 due to the evidence not being sufficiently rich or too small a number in the context of the review finding</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s3"><h4>GRADE CERQual tables for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><div id="ch6.appf.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 1. Prenatal and postnatal information</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 1: Prenatal maternal and infant health</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (Kavanaugh 2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 study conducted in the US among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that parents were given information, including morbidity and mortality for preterm infants born at different gestational ages. However, parents wanted more specific information on the treatments their infants would likely need after delivery.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab10_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab10_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab10_3">3</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 2: Postnatal information</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (Calam 1999; Kavanaugh 2005; Wigert 2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 open-ended interview; 2 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 studies conducted in different countries (US, Canada, Sweden) among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that staff provided the most information at the beginning of the infant’s hospitalisation, but parents would have liked a delayed postnatal review of what happened prenatally and during the birth, as many mothers were still recovering from the birth when they received the majority of the information.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab10_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab10_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab10_3">3</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by 1 due to studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Calam 1999; Kavanaugh 2005)</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the relevance of the findings was downgraded by 1 due to indirectness in the study populations (Kavanaugh 2005; Wigert 2014)</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded by 1 due to the evidence not being sufficiently rich or too small a number in the context of the review finding</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 2. Infant’s health status information</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 1: Understanding the infant’s medical condition (qualitative)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (Feeley 2013; Gibbs 2016; Wigert 2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 studies conducted in different countries (Canada, UK, Sweden) among fathers and parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that understanding their infant’s medical condition and care was crucial. However, parents found that staff did not always fully explain complex medical issues or would leave parents waiting for information about their infant’s illness, which caused them anxiety.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 2: Receiving updates of the infant’s health status</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (Guillaume 2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 study conducted in France among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that parents appreciated receiving clear information about their infant’s health status immediately after exam results or tests. Mothers did not like when they had to receive information from their husbands and would have preferred to receive updates from a physician.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab11_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by 1 due to a study not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Guillaume 2013)</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 3. Caring for the infant information</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 1: Parenting activities</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 (Feeley 2013; Gibbs 2016; Heinemann 2013; Pohlman 2009; Smith 2012; Wigert 2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 open-ended interview; 5 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 studies conducted in different countries (Canada, US, UK, Sweden) among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that nurses were crucial in providing information in regards to caregiving practices, such as feeding and diapering. Informal and formal training provided by patient staff assisted parents in developing the confidence to participate in their child’s care.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 2: Changes in care</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (Guillaume 2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 study conducted in France among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that parents insisted on receiving information in regards to changes in the infant’s medical treatment, such as changes in intubation, catheter, location in the hospital. Parents preferred to receive this information from the neonatologist as opposed to the nurse.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-theme 3: Understanding behavioural cues</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (Guillaume 2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 study conducted in France among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that mothers, more often than fathers, wanted explanations of the infant’s reactions and behaviours.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-theme 4: Breast feeding</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (Kavanaugh 2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 study conducted in the US among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that mothers found information provided in breast-feeding programs useful as it helped them make decisions in regards to feeding their infant.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab12_3">3</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-theme 5: Skin-to-skin care</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (Neu 1999)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 study conducted in the US among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that parents were reluctant and lacked confidence to engage in skin to skin care when nurses did not provide them with information on how to hold and transfer the infant without dislodging tubes and ventilator equipment.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab12_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab12_2">2</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by 1 due to studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Feeley 2013; Guillaume 2013; Kavanaugh 2005; Neu 1999; Pohlman 2009; Smith 2012)</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded by 1 due to the evidence not being sufficiently rich or too small a number in the context of the review finding</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the relevance of the findings was downgraded by 1 due to indirectness in the study population (Kavanaugh 2005)</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 4: Future information</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 1: Plans to have children in the future</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (Kavanaugh 2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 study conducted in the US among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that one mother whose infant had died wanted more information on the cause of death and advice for pregnancies in the future. Mothers who knew someone who had an extremely premature infant who survived found that this information gave them hope for their child.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab13_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab13_3">3</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 2: Decision making</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (Feeley 2013; Kavanaugh 2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 studies conducted in different countries (Canada, US) among fathers and parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that staff sharing information and providing opportunities to ask questions facilitated parents becoming involved in decision-making about the infant’s care. Adequate and clear information enabled parents to feel confident when physicians asked them to make a decision about their infant’s care.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab13_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab13_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab13_3">3</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by 1 due to studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Feeley 2013; Kavanaugh 2005)</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the relevance of the findings was downgraded by 1 due to indirectness in the study population (Kavanaugh 2005)</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab13_3"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded by 1 due to the evidence not being sufficiently rich or too small a number in the context of the review finding</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 5: Neonatal unit environment information</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (Guillaume 2013; Pohlman 2009)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 studies conducted in different countries (France, US) among parents and fathers of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that having regular explanations of the medical equipment, upper and lower limits of monitors, and the meaning of different alarms and buzzers would prevent frightening experiences and feelings of helplessness.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab14_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab14_2">2</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by due to studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Guillaume 2013; Pohlman 2009)</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded by 1 due to the evidence not being sufficiently rich or too small a number in the context of the review finding</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 21</span><span class="title">Qualitative evidence profile: Theme 6: Information formats</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Study information</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">Description of theme or finding</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;">CERQual assessment of the evidence</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Number of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Criteria</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assessment of Concerns</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Overall Confidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 1: Telephone</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (Guillaume 2013; Smith 2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 studies conducted in different countries (US, France) among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that regular and ritualised phone calls were appreciated. Parents reported feeling reassured and linked to their child by receiving regular phone calls when they were at home and the infant was still in the NICU. In contrast, receiving routine information at home through an unexpected phone call caused alarm, as it was assumed that an unplanned call was linked to bad news.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub theme 2: Medical team (member not specified)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (Heinemann 2013; Smith 2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 studies conducted in different countries (US, Sweden) among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU found that information should be shared by staff members who are adequately trained to provide tailored medical information that is tailored to their emotional needs and technical knowledge and who provide parents with the opportunity to ask questions and recommend additional resources.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-theme 3: Nurses</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (Kavanaugh 2005; Smith 2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 studies conducted in the US among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that nurses assisted parents in understanding complex medical concepts and reduced feelings of anxiety. Due to nurses’ regular interactions with the infant, parents felt that primary nurses were most adept at providing day-to-day information and was the best source of information about changes in their baby’s medical condition.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_3">3</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-theme 4: Physicians or neonatologists</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (Kavanaugh 2004; Smith 2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 studies conducted in the US among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that the neonatologist was the preferred source of information for technical or complex information, even if parents required additional explanations from nurses afterwards. Physicians should provide as much information as is required to convey the complexities of the situation and allow the parents to ask as many questions as needed.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_3">3</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-theme 5: Timing and consistency</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 (Calam 1999; Guillaume 2013; Kavanaugh 2005; Smith 2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 semi-structured interviews</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 studies conducted in different countries (France, UK, US) among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU that parents, especially mothers, struggled to absorb and understand information that was shared with them during prenatal consultations when they learned their infant would be premature. Many parents were overwhelmed by the amount of information they received during this emotional experience, which later prevented them from being able to recall information. Parents stated that their preferred time to receive information would be during clinical rounds as opposed to during the prenatal consultation, immediately after delivery, or before discharge. Parents would be interested in receiving information at a time separate from rounds. Additionally, it is crucial for parents to receive honest information that is shared consistently by all the members of the care team to avoid having parents receive confusing and varying messages.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-theme 6: Other resources (including books, internet resources, friends and family)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (Smith 2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 semi-structured interview</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 study conducted in the US among parents of preterm infants requiring respiratory support in the NICU reported that the majority of parents received information from staff and the medical care team, although sources such as printed materials, friends and family, or the internet were also consulted.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methodological limitations</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minor concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_1">1</a></sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coherence of findings</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No concerns</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adequacy of evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_26_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate concerns<sup><a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appf.tab15_2">2</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the methodological quality was downgraded by 1 due to studies not clearly reporting the sampling method or relationship between the researcher and participants (Calam 1999; Guillaume 2013; Kavanaugh 2005; Smith 2012)</p></div></dd><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the adequacy of the evidence was downgraded by 1 due to the evidence not being sufficiently rich or too small a number in the context of the review finding</p></div></dd><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab15_3"><p class="no_margin">The confidence in the relevance of the findings was downgraded by 1 due to indirectness in the study population (Kavanaugh 2005)</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch6.appg.s1"><h4>Economic evidence study selection for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appg.fig13" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch6appgf1&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appgf1.jpg" alt="Image ch6appgf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appg.s2"><h4>Economic evidence study selection for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appg.fig14" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch6appgf2&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appgf2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appgf2.jpg" alt="Image ch6appgf2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appg.s3"><h4>Economic evidence study selection for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><div id="ch6.appg.fig15" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20ch6appgf3&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appgf3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appgf3.jpg" alt="Image ch6appgf3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><div id="ch6.apph.s1"><h4>Economic evidence tables for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="ch6.apph.s2"><h4>Economic evidence tables for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="ch6.apph.s3"><h4>Economic evidence tables for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Health economic evidence profiles</h3><div id="ch6.appi.s1"><h4>Health economic evidence profiles for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch6.appi.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6-appi-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">NIDCAP® (in addition to standard care) versus standard care only</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 155K)</span></p></div><div id="ch6.appi.s2"><h4>Health economic evidence profiles for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="ch6.appi.s3"><h4>Health economic evidence profiles for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Health economic analysis</h3><div id="ch6.appj.s1"><h4>Health economic analysis for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appj.s1.1"><h5>Introduction – objective of economic modelling</h5><p>The cost-effectiveness of interventions supporting parent and carer involvement in the care of preterm babies requiring respiratory care was considered by the committee as an area with likely significant resource implications. In particular, the committee highlighted Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme (NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>) since it has high intervention costs.</p><p>There was no existing economic evidence on the cost effectiveness of interventions that support parent and carer involvement in the care of preterm babies requiring respiratory support. Therefore, an economic analysis was undertaken to assess the cost-effectiveness of effective interventions that support parent and carer involvement in the care of preterm babies requiring respiratory care.</p></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2"><h5>Economic modelling methods</h5><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.1"><h5>Interventions assessed</h5><p>The choice of treatments assessed in the economic analysis was determined by the availability of respective clinical data included in the guideline systematic literature review. The economic analysis considered effective treatments, as demonstrated by the systematic review of clinical evidence. The committee explained that interventions such as kangaroo care and skin to skin contact, and non-nutritive sucking have negligible intervention costs, and also clinical data was very limited for these interventions. According to the committee expert opinion, NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> is the only intervention that is associated with high intervention costs and therefore should be pursued in the economic evaluation. NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> model postulates that an understanding of the neurodevelopmental expectations of the preterm as expressed in the infant’s behavior will provide a reliable basis for the examination, and adaptation of traditionally delivered newborn intensive care, including a realignment of the parent and carer involvement (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref1">Als 2011</a>). The model considered standard care treatment as a comparator.</p></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.2"><h5>Model structure</h5><p>A simple Markov model was constructed using Microsoft Office Excel 2013. The structure of the model was determined by the availability of clinical data. According to the model structure, hypothetical cohorts of 100 babies born preterm (<27 weeks’ gestation) requiring respiratory care were initiated on either NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>(in addition to standard care) or standard care only. Across the report NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> will refer to NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>in addition to standard care.</p><p>Babies initiated on NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> were assumed to have continuous involvement from their NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professional for the duration of the initial hospital stay. The model included the following health states: ‘well’, ‘moderate neurodevelopmental problems’, and ‘severe neurodevelopmental problems’. The model included yearly cycles. At the end of each cycle a baby could remain in the ‘well’ state, move to ‘moderate neurodevelopmental problems’ state, or the ‘severe neurodevelopmental problems’ state. According to the committee expert opinion once a baby is in either the moderate or severe neurodevelopmental problems state they will remain in that health state for the duration of the model (that is, there are no transitions between moderate and severe states). In the model neurodevelopmental problems were defined as neurodevelopmental mental delay.</p><p>The half-cycle correction was applied in the Markov model to compensate for the fact that transitions between states, in reality, occur in the middle of each cycle on average.</p><p>Given the lack of long term clinical and cost data the time horizon of the analysis was 18 years. A schematic diagram of the model is presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/figure/ch6.appj.fig16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6appjfig16" rid-ob="figobch6appjfig16">Figure 10</a>.</p><div id="ch6.appj.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Schematic%20diagram%20of%20the%20Markov%20model%20constructed%20for%20the%20assessment%20of%20the%20relative%20cost-effectiveness%20of%20NIDCAP%AE%20for%20preterm%20babies%20requiring%20respiratory%20support.&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appjf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appjf1.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Schematic diagram of the Markov model constructed for the assessment of the relative cost-effectiveness of NIDCAP® for preterm babies requiring respiratory support." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Schematic diagram of the Markov model constructed for the assessment of the relative cost-effectiveness of NIDCAP® for preterm babies requiring respiratory support</span></h3></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.2.1"><h5>Costs and outcomes considered in the analysis</h5><p>The economic analysis adopted the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services (PSS), as recommended by (NICE, 2014). Costs consisted of intervention costs, including initial observation and follow-up support to the family and team with integration of recommendations and adapting these to suit the baby’s changing developmental needs by the NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professional and other health care costs incurred by children with moderate or severe neurodevelopmental problems.</p><p>The committee explained that costs accruing to the education sector are important in this population. As a result, a secondary analysis was undertaken where public sector costs (inclusive of education costs) were considered.</p><p>The measure of outcome was the quality adjusted life year (QALY). A discount rate of 3.5% was used for all future cost and outcomes (NICE, 2014).</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.3"><h5>Clinical input parameters and overview of methods employed for evidence synthesis</h5><p>Clinical input parameters consisted of the risk ratio of developing moderate or severe neurodevelopmental problems with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>versus standard care. The guideline meta-analysis identified 2 RCTs assessing NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care that provided efficacy data (that is, moderate or severe neurodevelopmental problems). Both <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref11">Peters 2009</a> (n =101) and <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref6">Maguire 2009b</a> (n=139) reported data at approximately 2 year follow-up. In both studies neurodevelopmental problems were assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) II Mental Developmental Index (MDI).</p><p>Other clinical input parameters included the absolute risk of moderate or severe neurodevelopmental problems associated with standard care. The committee identified 1 UK-based prospective cohort study (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref8">Moore 2012</a>) that provided the number of babies developing moderate or severe neurodevelopmental problems when using standard care treatment. In this study a community-based cohort of surviving babies (n=1,031) born in 2006 before 27 completed weeks of gestation was studied prospectively over a 3 year period. The study reported neurodevelopment disability on different domains including motor, hearing, vision, cognition, and communication. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed in 576 preterm babies, with 501 of babies assessed using the BSID III, 39 using the Wechsler preschool and primary scales of intelligence, and 10 using only the cognitive scale of BSID III. The effectiveness review identified statistically significant effect of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>only on the MDI subdomain of the BSID II scale. The committee explained that BSID II MDI subdomain evaluates sensory-perception, knowledge, memory, problem solving, and early language. Thus, BSID II MDI measures a combination of early cognitive and language development. Based on the above the committee concluded that BSID II MDI equates most closely with the cognitive function subdomain reported in <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref8">Moore 2012</a>. For the purposes of modelling a 3-year cumulative probabilities reported in <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref8">Moore 2012</a> were used to estimate annual probabilities of developing moderate or severe neurodevelopmental problems (on a cognitive function subdomain), assuming exponential function, which were subsequently attached to the standard care treatment.</p><p>Given the lack of longer term data the efficacy data was applied only over 2 years. The absolute risk of neurodevelopmental problems (mental delay) associated with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> was estimated by multiplying the respective relative risk by the baseline risks of moderate or severe neurodevelopmental problems (cognitive function subdomain) as calculated for standard care.</p><p>In the model the final membership in each health state in year 2 was carried over to the subsequent years for the duration of the model to estimate associated costs and outcomes.</p><p>The mortality was not considered in this analysis since, as indicated by the clinical review, there is no clinically significant difference in mortality with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> compared to standard care for preterm babies requiring respiratory care.</p></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.4"><h5>Utility data and estimation of QALYs</h5><p>In order to express outcomes in the form of QALYs, the health states of the economic model needed to be linked to appropriate utility scores. Utility scores represent the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) associated with specific health states on a scale from 0 (death) to 1 (perfect health); they are estimated using preference-based measures that capture people’s preferences on the HRQoL experienced in the health states under consideration.</p><p>NICE recommends the EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) (Brooks, 1996) as the preferred measure of HRQoL in adults for use in cost-utility analysis. The standard version of the EQ-5D has not been designed for use in children. As a result an alternative standardised and validated preference-based measures of health-related quality of life that have been designed specifically for use in children can be considered (NICE, 2013).</p><p>Petrou (2013) estimated utility scores associated with neurodevelopment impairment using parents’ ratings of their children’s HRQoL around the child’s eleventh birthday on both the HUI2 and HUI3. The HUI is a family of preference-based multi-attribute utility measures (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref16">Torrance 1995</a>). The HUI2 consists of 6 domains: sensation, mobility, emotion, cognition, self-care, and pain. A seventh domain of fertility can be added if relevant. The HUI3 health state classification has many similarities to the HUI2, but with the sensation domain expanded into 3 separate attributes of vision, hearing and speech, and additional response levels added to some domains.</p><p>Responses to HUI3 can be converted into utility scores using a published algorithm that was developed based on the principles of multi-attribute utility theory, following a valuation survey of members of the general population in Canada; respondents’ preferences were elicited using visual analogue scale and standard gamble (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref5">Feeny 2002</a>).</p><p>In the analysis, HUI2 scores were used since unlike HUI3 it has an underpinning multi-attribute utility scoring algorithm that has been estimated on the basis of the preferences of members of the UK general population with respondents’ preferences elicited using standard gamble (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref7">McCabe 2005</a>; Petrou & Kupek, 2009), which is a method recommended by NICE.</p></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.5"><h5>Cost data</h5><p>Intervention cost for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> was calculated by combining resource use estimates with respective national unit costs. Intervention cost consisted of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professionals’ time. The cost of a NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professional’s time was estimated by combining the mean total NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professional’s time per child treated, as advised by the committee expert opinion, with the national unit cost of a Band 7 hospital nurse (Curtis & Burns, 2017). According to the committee’s expert opinion, all babies receiving NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> would have an initial observation that combined with the report preparation would take approximately 1 day. It was further explained that the NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professional would spend additional 3 hours per week for the duration of the initial hospital stay to assist with the implementation of the recommendations in the report which is prepared by the NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professional. This follow-up involvement supports the family and team with the integration of recommendations and adapting these to suit the baby’s changing developmental needs.</p><p>The duration of initial hospital stay was obtained from a recent study by Seaton (2018). In the study the authors predicted the length of stay in neonatal care for all admissions of singleton babies born at 24–31 weeks’ gestation from 2011 to 2014. Data were extracted from the National Neonatal Research Database in the UK. A total of 20,571 preterm babies were included. In the study the median length of stay was reported for each gestational age. Using the reported data a weighted average length of stay was calculated to estimate the duration of length of stay for the average preterm baby born 22-26 weeks’ gestation. The estimated duration of length of stay was used to approximate the duration of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professional involvement beyond the initial observation.</p><p>The unit cost of a hospital nurse per hour of client contact was estimated based on the mean full time equivalent basic salary for Agenda for Change Band 7of the July 2016-June 2017 NHS Staff Earnings estimates, including salary, salary oncosts and overheads. The apportioned qualification costs per hour of contact were negligible and were not considered.</p><p>The intervention cost of standard care was zero given that it was administered in both arms.</p><p>The health and social care costs incurred by children with neurodevelopment problems were obtained from Petrou (2013). Like for health related quality of life, economic costs were extracted from detailed postal questionnaires completed by the main parent around the child’s 11th birthday asking about resource use over the previous year. The economic costs were estimated from an NHS and PSS perspective and included hospital inpatient care, hospital outpatient and day care, community health and social care, drugs and medications. The resource use estimates were combined with appropriate unit costs taken from national sources in order to estimate an overall annual health and social care cost incurred by children with moderate or severe neurodevelopment problems. Petrou (2013) also reported cost data for children in the control group (that is, school classmates who were born at full term and matched for age, sex and ethnic group). The above costs were used to estimate incremental NHS and PSS costs in children who are in the ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ neurodevelopmental problems health state, respectively.</p><p>Petrou (2013) also estimated incremental public sector costs (inclusive of education costs), during the 11<sup>th</sup> year of life for children but only for children with severe neurodevelopmental problems. The cost categories included in the public sector costs besides education costs were not reported. Given the lack of public sector costs in children with moderate neurodevelopmental problems, a ratio of incremental public sector costs to health and social care costs was estimated using cost data for children with severe neurodevelopmental problems. The resulting ratio was applied to health and social care costs for children with moderate neurodevelopmental problems to approximate costs from public sector costs in this population. The committee explained that the costs associated with neurodevelopmental problems are likely to be higher once the child starts school. As a result, in the secondary analysis, NHS and PSS costs were included up to the age of 5 years and wider public sector costs (inclusive of education costs) were applied at 5 years onwards for the duration of the model.</p><p>The analysis considered only costs associated with neurodevelopmental problems and did not include costs associated with children who are in the ‘well’ health state.</p><p>All costs were uplifted to 2016/17 prices using the hospital and community health services inflation index (Curtis & Burns, 2017).</p><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6appjtab1" rid-ob="figobch6appjtab1">Table 22</a> reports the mean (deterministic) values of all input parameters used in the economic model and provides information on the distributions assigned to specific parameters in probabilistic sensitivity analysis.</p><div id="ch6.appj.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">Input parameters used in the economic model of NIDCAP® for preterm babies requiring respiratory support</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Input parameter</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Deterministic value</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Probabilistic distribution</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Source of data - comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Absolute risk of ND problems</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Beta distribution</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moore (2012), three year rates from EPICure cohort born in England during 2006, 22-25 weeks’ gestation, cognition subdomain. In the economic model the rates were annualised.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">α = 57; β = 519</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.06</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">α = 37; β = 539</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Risk ratio of moderate or severe ND problems</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Log-normal distribution: 95% CIs</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guideline systematic review (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref11">Peters 2009</a> and <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref6">Maguire 2009</a>); risk ratio at 2 years.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.28 to 0.89</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Utilities</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Beta distribution</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Utility data from <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref12">Petrou 2013</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Utility scores based on HUI2 preference-based multi-attribute utility measure with UK general population norms.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.955</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">α = 240; β = 11</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.801</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">α = 45; β = 11</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.638</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">α = 14; β = 8</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Intervention cost</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Gamma distribution</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>According to the committee expert opinion, the initial observation and report write up takes approximately 1 working day. It was further assumed that NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professional will be involved 3 hours per week for the duration of the initial hospital stay to support the family and team with integration of recommendations and adapting these to suit the baby’s changing developmental needs.</p>
|
||
<p>The duration of the initial hospital was estimated to be 105 days (Seaton 2018).</p>
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> is delivered by a Band 7 nurse specialist (£54 per hour) (Curtis & Burns, 2017).</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NIDCAP<sup>®</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2,887</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SE: 20% of mean value (assumption)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Costs (incremental) - NHS & PSS perspective</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Gamma distribution</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>SE: 20% of mean value (assumption)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Costs data from <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref12">Petrou 2013</a> uplifted to 2016/17 prices using the hospital & community health services inflation index (Curtis & Burns, 2017).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£576</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1,313</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Costs (incremental) – public sector</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Costs data from <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref12">Petrou 2013</a> uplifted to 2016/17 prices using the hospital & community health services inflation index (Curtis & Burns, 2017). For babies with moderate neurodevelopmental problems a ratio of health and social care costs to NHS & PSS plus education costs was estimated in babies with severe neurodevelopmental problems. The resulting ratio was applied to NHS & PSS costs in moderate neurodevelopmental problems to approximate public sector costs in these babies.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4,670</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10,646</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<b>Discount rate</b>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE. 2014.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Costs</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.5%</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.5%</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note: CI: Confidence interval; ND: Neurodevelopment; NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>: Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme; PSS: Personal Social Services; SE: Standard error</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.6"><h5>Data analysis and presentation of the results</h5><p>Two methods were employed to analyse the input parameter data and present the results of the economic analysis.</p><p>First, a deterministic analysis was undertaken, where data are analysed as point estimates; results are presented as mean total costs and QALYs associated with each treatment option are assessed. Relative cost-effectiveness between alternative treatments was estimated using incremental analysis: all options were ranked from most to least cost-effective. Options that were dominated by absolute dominance (that is, they were less effective and more costly than one or more other options) or by extended dominance (that is, they were less effective and more costly than a linear combination of two alternative options) were excluded from further analysis. Subsequently, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for all pairs of consecutive options remaining in the analysis.</p><p>ICERs expressed the additional cost per additional unit of benefit associated with one treatment option relative to its comparator. Estimation of such a ratio allowed consideration of whether the additional benefits were worth the additional cost when choosing one treatment option over another.</p><p>The treatment option with the highest ICER below the cost-effectiveness threshold was deemed to be the most cost-effective option.</p><p>One-way sensitivity analyses explored impact of varying:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l400"><li id="ch6.lt474" class="half_rhythm"><div>the risk ratio estimate (using upper and lower CI);</div></li><li id="ch6.lt475" class="half_rhythm"><div>the baseline risk estimates (±20% around the base-case value);</div></li><li id="ch6.lt476" class="half_rhythm"><div>the utility values (±20% around the base-case value);</div></li><li id="ch6.lt477" class="half_rhythm"><div>the intervention cost (±50% around the base-case value);</div></li><li id="ch6.lt478" class="half_rhythm"><div>the costs of neurodevelopment problems (±50% around the base-case value).</div></li></ul></p><p>In addition to deterministic analysis, a probabilistic analysis was also conducted.</p><p>In this case, all model input parameters were assigned probability distributions (rather than being expressed as point estimates), to reflect the uncertainty characterising the available clinical and cost data. Subsequently, 10,000 iterations were performed, each drawing random values out of the distributions fitted onto the model input parameters. This exercise provided more accurate estimates of mean costs and benefits for each intervention assessed (averaging results from the 10,000 iterations), by capturing the non-linearity characterising the economic model structure (<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref2">Briggs 2006</a>).</p><p>The relative risk estimates were given a log-normal distribution. The baseline risk estimates of neurodevelopment problems and utility values were assigned a beta distribution. Costs were assigned a gamma distribution. Where standard error estimate was not available the assumption was made that costs had a standard error of 20% of their mean value.</p><p>Results of probabilistic analysis were presented in the form of cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEACs), which demonstrated the probability of each treatment option being the most cost effective among the strategies assessed at various cost-effectiveness thresholds.</p></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.7"><h5>Sub-group analyses</h5><p>A recent cohort study in France by Pierrat (2017) looked at neurodevelopment outcomes at 2 years for preterm children born between 22 to 34 weeks’ gestation. The study found that among live births survival at 2 years corrected age without severe or moderate neuromotor and sensory disabilities was 48.5%, 90.0%, and 97.5% at 22-26, 27-31, and 32-34 weeks’ gestation, respectively. Consequently, an exploratory sub-group analysis was undertaken where the base-case probabilities of neurodevelopment problems were reduced by 90.0% and 97.5% to estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> in preterm babies who are 27-31 and 32-34 weeks’ gestation, respectively.</p><p>In this analysis the duration of initial hospital admission was recalculated based on Seaton (2018) and was estimated to be 50 days for a preterm baby >26 weeks’ gestation. This, in effect, reduced NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> professional involvement from 105 days to 50 days and resulted in the NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> intervention cost of £1,618 per baby.</p><p>Only the deterministic results were calculated for the alternative base-case rates generated using different gestational ages.</p><p>The cost-effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> in different sub-groups was estimated from both an NHS and PSS perspective and also from a wider public sector perspective that included education costs.</p></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.8"><h5>Economic modelling results</h5><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.8.1"><h5>Results of the deterministic analysis – NHS and PSS perspective, <27 weeks’ gestation, over 18 years</h5><p>According to deterministic analysis, from an NHS and PSS perspective NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> was a cost-effective option in preterm children (<27 weeks’ gestation) with a cost per QALY of £14,380 versus standard care treatment that is well below the threshold of £20,000 per QALY.</p><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appj.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6appjtab2" rid-ob="figobch6appjtab2">Table 23</a> provides mean NHS and PSS costs and QALYs for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> and standard care.</p><div id="ch6.appj.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 23</span><span class="title">Mean NHS and PSS costs and QALYs for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> and standard care alone for preterm children <27 weeks’ gestation over 18 years - results for a cohort of 100 preterm babies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appj.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appj.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Treatment option</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Mean total costs (NHS & PSS)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Mean total QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness (cost/QALY)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard care</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£122,116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1,277</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£14,380 (versus standard care)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NIDCAP<sup>®</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£340,709</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1,292</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note: NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>: Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme; PSS: Personal Social Services; QALY: Quality-adjusted life year</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><p>From NHS and PSS perspective the ICER of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care was sensitive to the estimate of risk ratio of neurodevelopmental problems. When using the upper confidence interval value for the risk ratio of neurodevelopmental problems (0.890) for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care the ICER of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care increased to £80,486 which is above the threshold of £30,000 per QALY. Similarly, the results were sensitive to the utility value associated with moderate neurodevelopmental problems. For example, using the upper estimate of the utility value (0.961, base case 0.801) NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> resulted in the ICER of £26,071 which was above the lower threshold of £20,000 per QALY but below the upper threshold of £30,000 per QALY. The results were robust to changes in all other model inputs (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appj.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6appjtab3" rid-ob="figobch6appjtab3">Table 24</a>).</p><div id="ch6.appj.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Summary of deterministic sensitivity analyses, NHS and PSS perspective, <27 weeks’ gestation</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appj.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appj.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Parameter</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Values tested (upper and lower) & base case</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">ICER of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care with low and high value</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Threshold value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk ratio of ND problems for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0.28; 0.89</p>
|
||
<p>Base-case: 0.499</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£8719, £80486</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.62</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Utility weight moderate ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.64; 0.96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£9928, £26071</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.90</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> cost</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2310; £3464</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10710, £18050</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3771</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Utility severe ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.51; 0.77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£11701, £18651</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.80</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baseline annual risk of severe ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0.04; 0.06</p>
|
||
<p>Base-case: 0.04</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£16692, £12541</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incremental annual NHS & PSS cost for severe ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>£657; £1970</p>
|
||
<p>Base-case: £1313</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£15989, £13027</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baseline annual risk of moderate ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>0.03; 0.05</p>
|
||
<p>Base-case: 0.04</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£15558, £13202</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incremental annual NHS & PSS cost for moderate ND problems</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>£288; £864</p>
|
||
<p>Base-case: £576</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£15186, £13574</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note: ICER: incremental cost effectiveness ratio; ND: Neurodevelopmental; NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>: Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme; PSS: Personal Social Services; QALY: Quality-adjusted life year</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.8.2"><h5>Results of the probabilistic analysis – NHS and PSS perspective, <27 weeks’ gestation, over 18 years</h5><p>Conclusions of probabilistic analysis were very similar to those of deterministic analysis. NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> remained the cost-effective option when mean costs and QALYs derived from 10,000 iterations were estimated. The ICER of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care was £15,210 in preterm babies <27 weeks’ gestation, over 18 years. At the threshold of £20,000 per QALY (NICE., 2008b) the probability of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> being cost-effective was 0.673 and it increased to 0.843 at the threshold of £30,000 per QALY. <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appj.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6appjtab4" rid-ob="figobch6appjtab4">Table 25</a> provides the results of the probabilistic analysis.</p><div id="ch6.appj.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Mean NHS and PSS costs and QALYs for NIDCAP® and standard care alone for preterm children <27 weeks’ gestation over 18 years – results for a cohort of 100 preterm babies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appj.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appj.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Treatment option</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Mean total costs (NHS & PSS)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Mean total QALYs</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness (cost/QALY)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Standard care</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£121,841</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1,277</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£15,210 (vs. standard care)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NIDCAP<sup>®</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£342,796</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appj.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1,291</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note: NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>: Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme; PSS: Personal Social Services; QALY: Quality-adjusted life year</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/figure/ch6.appj.fig17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6appjfig17" rid-ob="figobch6appjfig17">Figure 11</a> provides the cost-effectiveness plane showing the incremental costs and QALYs of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care. It can be seen that most of the incremental costs and QALYs are either in the north-east quadrant indicating that NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care resulted in higher costs and QALYs.</p><div id="ch6.appj.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Cost-effectiveness%20plane%20of%20NIDCAP%AE%20assessed%20in%20the%20economic%20analysis%20plotted%20against%20standard%20care%20treatment%20%02013%20incremental%20NHS%20and%20PSS%20costs%20and%20QALYs%2C%20for%20a%20chort%20of%20100%20of%20children%20%3C27%20weeks%02019%20gestation%20(10%2C000%20iterations).&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appjf2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appjf2.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Cost-effectiveness plane of NIDCAP® assessed in the economic analysis plotted against standard care treatment – incremental NHS and PSS costs and QALYs, for a chort of 100 of children <27 weeks’ gestation (10,000 iterations)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Cost-effectiveness plane of NIDCAP® assessed in the economic analysis plotted against standard care treatment – incremental NHS and PSS costs and QALYs, for a chort of 100 of children <27 weeks’ gestation (10,000 iterations)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Note: NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>: Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme; PSS: Personal Social Services; QALY: Quality-adjusted life year; SC: Standard care</p></div></div><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577836/figure/ch6.appj.fig18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6appjfig18" rid-ob="figobch6appjfig18">Figure 12</a> shows the CEACs generated for each treatment option assessed in the economic model and indicates that at any willingness-to-pay value of greater than £15,000 per QALY, NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> has the highest probability of being cost effective.</p><div id="ch6.appj.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20CEACs%20of%20NIDCAP%AE%20and%20standard%20care%20treatment%20only%20for%20children%20with%20respiratory%20problems%20assessed%20in%20the%20economic%20analysis%20(NHS%20and%20PSS%20perspective).&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6appjf3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appjf3.jpg" alt="Figure 12. CEACs of NIDCAP® and standard care treatment only for children with respiratory problems assessed in the economic analysis (NHS and PSS perspective)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">CEACs of NIDCAP® and standard care treatment only for children with respiratory problems assessed in the economic analysis (NHS and PSS perspective)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Note: NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>: Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme; PSS: Personal Social Services</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.8.3"><h5>Sub-group analysis</h5><p>According to the sub-group analysis, where the impact of varying the baseline rate of neurodevelopment problems in babies of different gestational ages was explored, the ICER of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care from an NHS and PSS perspective always remained well above the threshold of £30,000 per QALY. For children 27-31 weeks’ gestation the ICER of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care was £264,221 per QALY and for children 32-34 weeks’ gestation the ICER of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care was as high as £4.3 mil., per QALY.</p></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.8.4"><h5>Secondary analysis</h5><p>According to the secondary analysis, where the impact of including wider public sector costs was explored, NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care was dominant in children of 22-26 weeks’ gestation (that is, it resulted in lower costs and better outcomes). From a public sector perspective, in preterm children of 27-31 weeks’ gestation the ICER of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care of £132,664 per QALY was still above the threshold of £30,000 per QALY. Similarly, from a public sector perspective, in preterm children of 32-34 weeks’ gestation the ICER of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care of £4.2 mil., per QALY was well above the threshold of £30,000 per QALY. The cost-ineffectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> in these babies was attributed to a small number of babies developing neurodevelopmental problems and relatively low public sector costs in babies with neurodevelopmental problems.</p><p>The committee noted that the annual public sector costs reported by Petrou (2013) are likely to be underestimated since many preterm children with neurodevelopmental problems would attend private specialist schools due to the lack of state-funded places. The committee further explained that local authorities are required to fund places at private specialist schools and that there are virtually no state specialist schools. As a result, the majority of local authorities have to send children with neurodevelopmental problems to private specialist schools. Given the lack of studies reporting accurate and up to date public sector costs in preterm babies with neurodevelopmental problems a threshold analysis was undertaken to explore what the incremental public sector costs would need to be for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> to be cost-effective in preterm babies 27-31 and 32-34 weeks’ gestation, respectively.</p><p>According to the threshold analysis, in preterm babies 27-31 weeks’ gestation the incremental public sector costs would need to be approximately £80,000 per annum for a case with neurodevelopmental problems for a cost per QALY of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> to be just below the threshold of £20,000 per QALY. However, in children between 31-34 weeks’ gestation the incremental public sector cost would need to be approximately £1.3 mil., per annum for a case with neurodevelopmental problems for a cost per QALY to be just below the threshold of £20,000 per QALY.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appj.s1.2.9"><h5>Discussion – limitations of the analysis</h5><p>The results of the economic analysis suggested that NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> for parent and carer involvement was likely to be a cost-effective treatment for preterm children <27 weeks’ gestation who are receiving respiratory support. NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> resulted in an ICER that was below the threshold of £20,000 per QALY. The probability of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> being cost-effective was 0.673 at a threshold of £20,000 per QALY. The cost effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> in preterm children <27 weeks’ gestation was attributed to a number of factors: relatively high baseline risk of neurodevelopment problems in this population, high costs and health related quality of life decrements associated with neurodevelopment problems.</p><p>The clinical review searched for evidence on a wider set of neurodevelopmental outcomes, in the economic analysis the clinical data for the effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> was based on only 2 studies (n=240) focusing on neurodevelopmental mental delay since this was the only statistically significant finding which was judged by the committee to be noteworthy. The sensitivity analyses indicated that when using the upper confidence interval value for the effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> in babies <27 weeks’ gestation from an NHS and PSS perspective, NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> resulted in an ICER that was above the threshold of £30,000 per QALY. However, NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> remained dominant when considering a wider public sector perspective and the upper confidence interval value for the effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>.</p><p>Overall, the findings were robust in various scenarios explored in the sensitivity analysis. The estimated cost of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> of £2,887 is substantially higher than that referred to by Westrup (2007). However, even at this much higher estimated intervention cost, NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> is a cost-effective intervention in preterm babies of <27 weeks’ gestation requiring respiratory support.</p><p>The length of stay in preterm babies of 22-26 weeks’ gestation was approximated using the length of stay reported in Seaton (2018) in preterm babies of 24-26 weeks’ gestation. This could have potentially underestimated the length of stay in preterm babies of 22-26 weeks’ gestation. Although, the median length of stay was simillar for preterm babies of 24, 25, and 26 weeks’ gestation. Also, the deterministic sensitivity analysis indicated that when varying the cost of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> (which, in effect, is equivalent to changing the length of stay) the results for preterm babies of <27 weeks’ gestation were robust to this model input. Moreover, the proportion of babies born at 22-23 weeks’ gestation is small and the impact of this assumption on the cost-effectiveness is likely to be negligible.</p><p>The sub-group analysis indicated that the potential for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> is reduced in preterm babies of 27-34 weeks’ gestation, given the relatively low rate of neurodevelopment problems in these babies to start with. The threshold analysis indicated that NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> is unlikely to be cost-effective in children born at >27 weeks’ gestation even when considering wider public sector costs. The estimated incremental public sector cost for a child with neurodevelopmental problems would need to be at least £80,000 per annum for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care to be cost-effective, which is above what the committee would expect such costs to be. A recent independent review by Schools Week (2018) found that councils spent an average £52,000 per pupil on independent special school places for 2015-16. However, this cost estimate of £52,000 is well below to the estimates obtained from the threshold analysis.</p><p>Also, in the sub-group analysis due to the lack of appropriate data, the number of preterm babies developing neurodevelopmental problems (cognitive domain) at various gestational ages were approximated using the percentage of preterm babies with no neuromotor or sensory disabilities at various gestational ages reported in <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.appj.s1.ref14">Pierrat 2017</a>. The committee acknowledged that this is not perfect. However, given the lack of more suitable data these estimates provide a reasonable approximation and the resulting rates of neurodevelopmental problems on the cognitive subdomain stratified by the gestational age are in line with the rates observed in their clinical practice.</p><p>The cost-effectiveness of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> is likely to have been underestimated since neurodevelopmental problems have significant life-long costs and quality of life consequences. However, due to the lack of suitable data the time horizon of this analysis was limited to 18 years. The committee also noted that NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> results in greater parent and carer satisfaction and if NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> is made available at such crucial early stages of care the philosophy tends to spread around the nursery. However, to capture such benefits was beyond the scope of this analysis.</p><p>Another limitation of the economic analysis was that the costs and utilities were based on postal questionnaires completed by the main parent around the child’s 11th birthday (over the previous year) and may not be fully representative of children in earlier years of life. Nevertheless, the extensive sensitivity analyses indicated that the conclusions were robust to cost and utility estimates and large changes in the base-case values would be required for the conclusions to change.</p><p>The committee also discussed implementation challenges, in particular high costs associated with training to set up for NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appj.rl.r1"><h5>References</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.appj.s1.ref1"><p id="p-1736">
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N. The association between neurodevelopmental disability and economic outcomes during mind-childhood, Child care, health and development, 39, 345–357, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22372844" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22372844</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.appj.s1.ref13"><p id="p-1748">
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BN. Estimating neonatal length of stay for babies born very preterm. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 0, 1–5, 2018 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6580734/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6580734</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29588296" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29588296</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.appj.s1.ref16"><p id="p-1751">
|
||
<strong>Torrance 1995</strong>
|
||
</p>Torrance
|
||
G, Furlong
|
||
W, Feeny
|
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D, Boyle
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M. Multiattribute preference functions: Health Utilities Index, PharmacoEconomics, 7, 503–520, 1995 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10155336" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10155336</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.appj.s1.ref17"><p id="p-1752">
|
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<strong>Westrup 2007</strong>
|
||
</p>Westrup
|
||
B. Cost-benefit analyses of NIDCAP training. Scandinavian NIDCAPR Center, Stockholm, Sweden, 2007</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.appj.s1.ref18"><p id="p-1753">
|
||
<strong>Staufenberg 2017</strong>
|
||
</p>Staufenberg
|
||
J. Schools Week. [Online] Available: <a href="https://schoolsweek.co.uk/private-special-school-places-cost-480-million-per-year/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://schoolsweek<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.co<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.uk/private-special-school-places-cost-480-million-per-year/</a>. Last accessed 21/05/2018</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.appj.s2"><h4>Health economic analysis for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No health economic analysis was undertaken for this review.</p></div><div id="ch6.appj.s3"><h4>Health economic analysis for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><p>No health economic analysis was undertaken for this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch6.appk.s1"><h4>Excluded studies for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appk.s1.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><div id="ch6.appk.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Family Nurture Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit improves social-relatedness, attention, and neurodevelopment of preterm infants at 18 months in a randomized controlled trial, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. 56 (11) (pp 1202-1211), 2015. Date of Publication: 01 Nov 2015., 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate reference</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The effect of kangaroo ward care in comparison with “intermediate intensive care” on the growth velocity in preterm infant with birth weight <1100 g: randomized control trial, European journal of pediatrics. (pp 1-8), 2016. Date of publication: 26 aug 2016., 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate reference</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdallah, B., Badr, L. K., Hawwari, M., The efficacy of massage on short and long term outcomes in preterm infants, Infant Behavior & Development, 36, 662-9, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - preterm infants on any kind of respiratory assisted devices were excluded</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adamson-macedo, Elvidina N., Roiste, Aine de, Wilson, Ann, de Carvalho, Francisco A., Dattani, Lesh, Brief report: TAC-TIC therapy with high-risk, distressed, ventilated preterms, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 12, 249-252, 1994</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case series of preterm infants receiving modified TAC-TIC</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Als, H, Duffy, Fh, McAnulty, G, Butler, Sc, Lightbody, L, Kosta, S, Weisenfeld, Ni, Robertson, R, Parad, Rb, Ringer, Sa, Blickman, Jg, Zurakowski, D, Warfield, Sk, NIDCAP improves brain function and structure in preterm infants with severe intrauterine growth restriction, Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 32, 797-803, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to the protocol - preterm infants with severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Als, H, Duffy, Fh, McAnulty, Gb, Fischer, Cb, Kosta, S, Butler, Sc, Parad, Rb, Blickman, Jg, Zurakowski, D, Ringer, Sa, Is the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) effective for preterm infants with intrauterine growth restriction?, Journal of Perinatology, 31, 130-136, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to the protocol - preterm infants with severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Als, H, Lawhon, G, Brown, E, Gibes, R, Duffy, Fh, McAnulty, G, Blickman, Jg, Individualized behavioral and environmental care for the very low birth weight preterm infant at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: neonatal intensive care unit and developmental outcome, Pediatrics, 78, 1123-1132, 1986</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Small study (n=16)published in 1985</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Als, H., Duffy, F. H., McAnulty, G. B., Effectiveness of individualized neurodevelopmental care in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU), Acta Paediatrica Supplement, 416, 21-30, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anderson, Gc, Chiu, S H, Dombrowski, M A, Swinth, J Y, Albert, J M, Wada, N, Mother-newborn contact in a randomised trial of kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care, Journal of Obstetric,Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 32, 604-11, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcome is not relevant to protocol - type and percent time of kangaroo care skin contact 0-48 hours postbirth</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ariagno, R. L., Thoman, E. B., Boeddiker, M. A., Kugener, B., Constantinou, J. C., Mirmiran, M., Baldwin, R. B., Developmental care does not alter sleep and development of premature infants, Pediatrics, 100, E9, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to the protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Axelin,A., Lehtonen,L., Pelander,T., Salantera,S., Mothers’ different styles of involvement in preterm infant pain care, JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 39, 415-424, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design -descriptive and exploratory study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Badr, L. K., Abdallah, B., Kahale, L., A Meta-Analysis of Preterm Infant Massage: An Ancient Practice With Contemporary Applications, Mcn, The American journal of maternal child nursing. 40, 344-358, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Benzies, Km, Shah, V, Aziz, K, Isaranuwatchai, W, Palacio-Derflingher, L, Scotland, J, Larocque, J, Mrklas, K, Suter, E, Naugler, C, Stelfox, Ht, Chari, R, Lodha, A, Zanoni, P, Fowler, A, Scringer, M, Kurilova, J, Brockway, M, Delhenty, S, Akierman, A, Amin, H, Hoch, J, Phillipos, E, Soraicham, A, Staub, K, Walker-Kendall, S, Family Integrated Care (FICare) in Level II Neonatal Intensive Care Units: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial, Trials, 18, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol for a FIC study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bernardo, G, Svelto, M, Giordano, M, Sordino, D, Riccitelli, M, Supporting parents in taking care of their infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective cohort pilot study, Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 43, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pilot study that is a prospective cohort study with small number of participants</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bieleninik, L., Ghetti, C., Gold, C., Music therapy for preterm infants and their parents: A meta-analysis, PediatricsPediatrics, 138 (3) (no pagination), 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blomqvist, Yt, Ewald, U, Gradin, M, Nyqvist, Kh, Rubertsson, C, Initiation and extent of skin-to-skin care at two Swedish neonatal intensive care units, Acta PaediatricaActa Paediatr, 102, 22-8, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Descriptive and explorative study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boo,N.Y., Jamli,F.M., Short duration of skin-to-skin contact: effects on growth and breastfeeding, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 43, 831-836, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Malaysia</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boundy, E. O., Dastjerdi, R., Spiegelman, D., Fawzi, W. W., Missmer, S. A., Lieberman, E., Kajeepeta, S., Wall, S., Chan, G. J., Kangaroo Mother Care and Neonatal Outcomes: A Meta-analysis, Pediatrics, 137, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brown, Ld, Heermann, Ja, The effect of developmental care on preterm infant outcome, Applied Nursing ResearchAppl Nurs Res, 10, 190-197, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design: Retrospective comparative study n=25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Byers,J.F., Lowman,L.B., Francis,J., Kaigle,L., Lutz,N.H., Waddell,T., Diaz,A.L., A quasi-experimental trial on individualized, developmentally supportive family-centered care, Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 35, 105-115, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design: Quasi randomised study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cevasco, A. M., The effects of mothers’ singing on full-term and preterm infants and maternal emotional responses, Journal of Music Therapy, 45, 273-306, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - healthy full-term infants were included</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chi Luong, K., Long Nguyen, T., Huynh Thi, D. H., Carrara, H. P. O., Bergman, N. J., Newly born low birthweight infants stabilise better in skin-to-skin contact than when separated from their mothers: A randomised controlled trial, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 105, 381-390, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: South Africa</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Choi, Mh, Kang, Is, Kim, Yh, Effects of Hearing Recorded Mother’s Voice on Physiological Reactions and Behavioral State of Sleep, Weight of Very Low Birth Weight Infants, Child health nurs res, 20, 185-195, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chorna, O, Wang, L, Maitre, N, A Randomized Clinical Trial of Mother’s Voice with a Pacifier-Activated Music Player To Decrease Hospitalization and Improve Feeding in Preterm Infants, Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to protocol - infants receiving assisted ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, or high-flow nasal cannula .2 L/min were excluded</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chorna, O. D., Slaughter, J. C., Wang, L., Stark, A. R., Maitre, N. L., In Reply, Pediatrics, 134, e617-e618, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No data presented - authors’ response to letter</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chorna, Od, Slaughter, Jc, Wang, L, Stark, Ar, Maitre, Nl, A pacifier-activated music player with mother’s voice improves oral feeding in preterm infants, Pediatrics, 133, 462-8, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - infants receiving assisted ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure or high-flow nasal cannula >2 L/min were excluded</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chwo, Mj, Anderson, Gc, Good, M, Dowling, Da, Shiau, Sh, Chu, Dm, A randomized controlled trial of early kangaroo care for preterm infants: effects on temperature, weight, behavior, and acuity, Journal of Nursing ResearchJ Nurs Res, 10, 129-142, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clarke-Pounder, J. P., Boss, R. D., Roter, D. L., Hutton, N., Larson, S., Donohue, P. K., Communication intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit: Can It backfire?, Journal of Palliative Medicine, 18, 157-161, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to the protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conde-Agudelo, Agustin, Díaz-Rossello, José L, Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic ReviewsCochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cooper,L.G., Gooding,J.S., Gallagher,J., Sternesky,L., Ledsky,R., Berns,S.D., Impact of a family-centered care initiative on NICU care, staff and families, Journal of Perinatology, 27, S32-S37, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol and are derived from a survey</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cusson, R. M., Lee, A. L., Parental interventions and the development of the preterm infant, Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 23, 60-68, 1994</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Darcy Mahoney, A., Zauche, L. H., Hallowell, S., Weldon, A., Stapel-Wax, J., Leveraging the Skills of Nurses and the Power of Language Nutrition to Ensure a Better Future for Children, Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses, 17, 45-52, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">de Roiste, A; Bushnell, L., Cardiorespiratory and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring of high-risk preterms receiving systematic stroking, Int J Prenatal Perinatal Psychol Med, 12, 89-95, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diego, M. A., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Vagal activity, gastric motility, and weight gain in massaged preterm neonates, J Pediatr, 147, 50-5, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention is not relevant to protocol - massage performed by professional therapists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doyle, L. W., Kangaroo mother care, Lancet, 350, 1721-1722, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Commentary</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evereklian, M., Posmontier, B., The Impact of Kangaroo Care on Premature Infant Weight Gain, J Pediatr NursJournal of pediatric nursing, 34, e10-e16, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ferber,S.G., Kuint,J., Weller,A., Feldman,R., Dollberg,S., Arbel,E., Kohelet,D., Massage therapy by mothers and trained professionals enhances weight gain in preterm infants, Early Human Development, 67, 37-45, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - weaned from ventilatory assistance was an inclusion criterion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Filippa, M., Panza, C., Ferrari, F., Frassoldati, R., Kuhn, P., Balduzzi, S., D’Amico, R., Systematic review of maternal voice interventions demonstrates increased stability in preterm infants, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 106, 1220-1229, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Foster, J., Bidewell, J., Buckmaster, A., Lees, S., Henderson-Smart, D., Parental stress and satisfaction in the non-tertiary special care nursery, Journal of advanced nursing, 61, 522-530, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant to protocol - comparison of oxygen administration techniques</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Franck, L. S., Oulton, K., Nderitu, S., Lim, M., Fang, S., Kaiser, A., Parent involvement in pain management for NICU infants: A randomized controlled trial, PediatricsPediatrics, 128, 510-518, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fucile, S., Gisel, E. G., Sensorimotor interventions improve growth and motor function in preterm infants, Neonatal NetwNeonatal network : NN, 29, 359-66, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not relevant to protocol - head to head comparison of an oral, a tactile/kinaesthetic and a combined intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fucile, S., Gisel, E. G., Lau, C., Effect of an oral stimulation program on sucking skill maturation of preterm infants, Dev Med Child NeurolDevelopmental medicine and child neurology, 47, 158-62, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fucile, S., Gisel, E., Lau, C., Oral stimulation accelerates the transition from tube to oral feeding in preterm infants, J Pediatr, 141, 230-6, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant to protocol - oral stimulation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Furman, L., Kennell, J., Breastmilk and skin-to-skin kangaroo care for premature infants. Avoiding bonding failure, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 89, 1280-1283, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gabis, L. V., Hacham-Pilosof, K., Yosef, O. B., Rabinovitz, G., Leshem, G., Shilon-Hadass, A., Biran, Y., Reichman, B., Kuint, J., Bart, O., The influence of a multisensory intervention for preterm infants provided by parents, on developmental abilities and on parental stress levels, Journal of Child Neurology, 30, 896-903, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to the protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gaebler, Christine P., Hanzlik, Jodie Redditi, The Effects of a Prefeeding Stimulation Program on Preterm Infants, American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 50, 184-192, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention is not relevant to the protocol - prefeeding oral stimulation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gathwala,G., Singh,B., Balhara,B., KMC facilitates mother baby attachment in low birth weight infants, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 75, 43-47, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: India</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gathwala,G., Singh,B., Singh,J., Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on physical growth, breastfeeding and its acceptability, Tropical Doctor, 40, 199-202, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: India</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ghavane, S., Murki, S., Subramanian, S., Gaddam, P., Kandraju, H., Thumalla, S., Kangaroo Mother Care in Kangaroo ward for improving the growth and breastfeeding outcomes when reaching term gestational age in very low birth weight infants, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 101, e545-e549, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - babies not on oxygen or respiratory support were included in the study. Study location: India</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gianní, Ml, Picciolini, O, Ravasi, M, Gardon, L, Vegni, C, Fumagalli, M, Mosca, F, The effects of an early developmental mother-child intervention program on neurodevelopment outcome in very low birth weight infants: a pilot study, Early Human Development, 82, 691-695, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glazebrook,C., Marlow,N., Israel,C., Croudace,T., Johnson,S., White,I.R., Whitelaw,A., Randomised trial of a parenting intervention during neonatal intensive care, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 92, F438-F443, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gonya,J., Martin,E., McClead,R., Nelin,L., Shepherd,E., Empowerment programme for parents of extremely premature infants significantly reduced length of stay and readmission rates, Acta Paediatrica, 103, 727-731, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design uses historical controls</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gonzalez, Ap, Vasquez-Mendoza, G, García-Vela, A, Guzmán-Ramirez, A, Salazar-Torres, M, Romero-Gutierrez, G, Weight gain in preterm infants following parent-administered Vimala massage: a randomized controlled trial, American Journal of Perinatology, 26, 247-252, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - infants requiring no supplemental oxygen or any additional intervention were included in the study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Greene, Zelda, O’Donnell, Colm Pf, Walshe, Margaret, Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 9, CD009720, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Griffin, T. L., Meier, P. P., Bradford, L. P., Bigger, H. R., Engstrom, J. L., Mothers’ performing creamatocrit measures in the NICU: accuracy, reactions, and cost, Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 29, 249-257, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported intervention and outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gund,A., Sjoqvist,B.A., Wigert,H., Hentz,E., Lindecrantz,K., Bry,K., A randomized controlled study about the use of eHealth in the home health care of premature infants, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 13, 22-, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant to protocol - web application to support discharge from hospital</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gustafson, K. W., LaBrecque, M. A., Graham, D. A., Tella, N. M., Curley, M. A., Effect of Parent Presence During Multidisciplinary Rounds on NICU-Related Parental Stress, JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal NursingJ Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 45, 661-70, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hake-Brooks,S.J., Anderson,G.C., Kangaroo care and breastfeeding of mother-preterm infant dyads 0-18 months: a randomized, controlled trial, Neonatal Network - Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 27, 151-159, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol - breastfeeding exclusivity and duration</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hamer, Eg, Hielkema, T, Bos, Af, Dirks, T, Hooijsma, Sj, Reinders-Messelink, Ha, Toonen, Rf, Hadders-Algra, M, Effect of early intervention on functional outcome at school age: follow-up and process evaluation of a randomised controlled trial in infants at risk, Early Human Development, 106-107, 67-74, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - infants were included on the basis of definitely abnormal general movements</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hane, A. A., Myers, M. M., Hofer, M. A., Ludwig, R. J., Halperin, M. S., Austin, J., Glickstein, S. B., Welch, M. G., Family nurture intervention improves the quality of maternal caregiving in the neonatal intensive care unit: evidence from a randomized controlled trial, Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP, 36, 188-196, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harding, C, Frank, L, Someren, V, Hilari, K, Botting, N, How does non-nutritive sucking support infant feeding?, Infant Behavior & DevelopmentInfant behav, 37, 457-64, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harding, CM; Law, J; Pring, T., The use of non-nutritive sucking to promote functional sucking skills in premature infants: an exploratory trial, Infant, 2, 238-43, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harrison, L. L., Williams, A. K., Berbaum, M. L., Stem, J. T., Leeper, J., Physiologic and behavioral effects of gentle human touch on preterm infants, Research in nursing & health, 23, 435-446, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harrison, L., Olivet, L., Cunningham, K., Bodin, M. B., Hicks, C., Effects of gentle human touch on preterm infants: pilot study results, Neonatal network : NN, 15, 35-42, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harrison, L; Williams, AK; Berbaum, ML; Stem, JT; Leeper, J., Effects of developmental, health status, behavioral, and environmental variables on preterm infants†™ responses to a gentle human touch intervention, Int J Prenatal Perinatal Psychol Med, 12, 109-122, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hielkema,T., Blauw-Hospers,C.H., Dirks,T., Drijver-Messelink,M., Bos,A.F., Hadders-Algra,M., Does physiotherapeutic intervention affect motor outcome in high-risk infants? An approach combining a randomized controlled trial and process evaluation, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53, e8-15, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - babies were included on the basis of definitely abnormal general movements</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holditch-Davis, D., White-Traut, R. C., Levy, J. A., O’Shea, T. M., Geraldo, V., David, R. J., Maternally administered interventions for preterm infants in the NICU: effects on maternal psychological distress and mother-infant relationship, Infant Behavior & Development, 37, 695-710, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to the protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holditch-Davis, D., White-Traut, R., Levy, J., Williams, K. L., Ryan, D., Vonderheid, S., Maternal satisfaction with administering infant interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit, JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 42, 641-54, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcome is not relevant to the protocol - unvalidated parental satisfaction questionnaire</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Im, Hs, Yakson vs. GHT therapy effects on growth and physical response of preterm infants and on maternal attachment, Taehan Kanho Hakhoe chi, 36, 255-264, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article is in Korean</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jacobs, S. E., Sokol, J., Ohlsson, A., The Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program is not supported by meta-analyses of the data, Journal of pediatrics, 140, 699-706, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jacobs, Se, Ohlsson, A, Nidcap-a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 49, 11, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract: insufficient detail of study is presented</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jarjour, I. T., Neurodevelopmental outcome after extreme prematurity: A review of the literature, Pediatric Neurology, 52, 143-152, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: no comparisons relevant to the protocol were examined</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jayaraman, D., Mukhopadhyay, K., Bhalla, A. K., Dhaliwal, L. K., Randomized Controlled Trial on Effect of Intermittent Early Versus Late Kangaroo Mother Care on Human Milk Feeding in Low-Birth-Weight Neonates, Journal of Human LactationJ Hum Lact, 890334416685072, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison is not relevant to protocol - infants who received late care were completely stabilized (defined as off respiratory support and intravenous fluids)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Johnson, S., Whitelaw, A., Glazebrook, C., Israel, C., Turner, R., White, I. R., Croudace, T., Davenport, F., Marlow, N., Randomized trial of a parenting intervention for very preterm infants: outcome at 2 years, Journal of Pediatrics, 155, 488-94, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention is not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaaresen, Pi, Rønning, Ja, Tunby, J, Nordhov, Sm, Ulvund, Se, Dahl, Lb, A randomized controlled trial of an early intervention program in low birth weight children: outcome at 2 years, Early Human Development, 84, 201-209, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kadivar, M., Seyedfatemi, N., Akbari, N., Haghani, H., The effect of narrative writing on maternal stress in neonatal intensive care settings, Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal MedicineJ Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 28, 938-943, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Iran</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kadivar, M., Seyedfatemi, N., Akbari, N., Haghani, H., The effect of narrative writing of mothers on their satisfaction with care in the neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal MedicineJ Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 30, 352-356, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Iran</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Karda, Özdemir F, Güdücü, Tüfekci F, The effect of individualised developmental care practices on the growth and hospitalisation duration of premature infants: the effect of mother’s scent and flexion position, Journal of clinical nursing, 23, 3036-3044, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention is not relevant to the protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaya, V, Aytekin, A, Effects of pacifier use on transition to full breastfeeding and sucking skills in preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial, Journal of Clinical NursingJ Clin Nurs, 26, 2055-2063, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes relevant to the protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaya, V., Aytekin, A., Effects of pacifier use on transition to full breastfeeding and sucking skills in preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial, Journal of clinical nursing, 26, 2055-2063, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to protocol - preterm infants with respiratory distress are not included</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Keshavars,M., Kiani,A., Nasani,L., Hoseini,A.F., Effect of touch therapy by mothers on weight gaining of preterm newborns, Koomesh, 13, 240-246, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U, Merkle, U, Deufert, D, Neubauer, V, Peglow, Up, Griesmaier, E, Effect of developmental care for very premature infants on neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age, Infant Behavior & DevelopmentInfant behav, 39, 166-72, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design - prospective phase- lag cohort study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kleberg, A, Westrup, B, Stjernqvist, K, Developmental outcome, child behaviour and mother-child interaction at 3 years of age following Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Intervention Program (NIDCAP) intervention, Early Human Development, 60, 123-35, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design: cohort study with historical control group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kleberg, A., Warren, I., Norman, E., Morelius, E., Berg, A. C., Mat-Ali, E., Holm, K., Fielder, A., Nelson, N., Hellstrom-Westas, L., Lower stress responses after Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program care during eye screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity: a randomized study, Pediatrics, 121, e1267-78, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kleberg, A., Westrup, B., Stjernqvist, K., Lagercrantz, H., Indications of improved cognitive development at one year of age among infants born very prematurely who received care based on the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP), Early Hum DevEarly human development, 68, 83-91, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to population - neurodevelopmental delay reported at 1 year</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kyno, N. M., Ravn, I. H., Lindemann, R., Fagerland, M. W., Smeby, N. A., Torgersen, A. M., Effect of an early intervention programme on development of moderate and late preterm infants at 36 months: a randomized controlled study, Infant Behavior & Development, 35, 916-26, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to protocol - under 66% received respiratory support (approx. 39%)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lawn, J. E., Mwansa-Kambafwile, J., Horta, B. L., Barros, F. C., Cousens, S., Kangaroo mother care’ to prevent neonatal deaths due to preterm birth complications, International Journal of Epidemiology, 39, i144-i154, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Legault, M., Goulet, C., Comparison of kangaroo and traditional methods of removing preterm infants from incubators, Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 24, 501-506, 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient detail reported for patient satisfaction outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Legendre, V., Burtner, P. A., Martinez, K. L., Crowe, T. K., The evolving practice of developmental care in the neonatal unit: a systematic review, Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 31, 315-38, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lessen, B. S., Effect of the premature infant oral motor intervention on feeding progression and length of stay in preterm infants, Advances in Neonatal Care, 11, 129-39, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to protocol - exclusion criteria included infants who were receiving assistive ventilation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macho, P., Individualized Developmental Care in the NICU: A Concept Analysis, Advances in Neonatal Care, 17, 162-174, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: no comparative data reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maguire, C. M., Veen, S., Sprij, A. J., Le Cessie, S., Wit, J. M., Walther, F. J., Effects of basic developmental care on neonatal morbidity, neuromotor development, and growth at term age of infants who were born at <32 weeks, PediatricsPediatrics, 121, e239-e245, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention is not relevant to protocol - basic developmental care with no parental involvement</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maguire, Cm, Veen, S, Wit, Jm, Sprij, A, Houwelingen, Ac, Walther, Fj, The Leiden developmental care study: the effect of developmental care on growth of preterm infants <32 weeks gestational age, Pediatric Research, 54, 578, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract - insufficient details of data are reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mellis, C., Kangaroo Mother Care and neonatal outcomes: A meta-analysis, Journal of Paediatrics & Child HealthJ Paediatr Child Health, 52, 579, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Commentary on Boundy 2016 systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Melnyk, B. M., Alpert-Gillis, L., Feinstein, N. F., Fairbanks, E., Schultz-Czarniak, J., Hust, D., Sherman, L., LeMoine, C., Moldenhauer, Z., Small, L., Bender, N., Sinkin, R. A., Improving cognitive development of low-birth-weight premature infants with the COPE program: a pilot study of the benefit of early NICU intervention with mothers, Research in Nursing & Health, 24, 373-389, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant to protocol - COPE parental education intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Melnyk, B. M., Feinstein, N. F., Alpert-Gillis, L., Fairbanks, E., Crean, H. F., Sinkin, R. A., Stone, P. W., Small, L., Tu, X., Gross, S. J., Reducing premature infants’ length of stay and improving parents’ mental health outcomes with the Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment (COPE) neonatal intensive care unit program: a randomized, controlled trial, Pediatrics, 118, e1414-27, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant to protocol - COPE parental education intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mendes, Ew, Procianoy, Rs, Massage therapy reduces hospital stay and occurrence of late-onset sepsis in very preterm neonates, Journal of Perinatology, 28, 815-820, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Brazil</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miles, R, Modi, N, Cowan, F, Glover, V, Stephenson, J, A controlled trial of daily mother-infant skin-to-skin contact after extremely preterm birth, Pediatric Research, 54, 569, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract: insufficient detail of data reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miles,R., Cowan,F., Glover,V., Stevenson,J., Modi,N., A controlled trial of skin-to-skin contact in extremely preterm infants, Early Human Development, 82, 447-455, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - infants receiving ventilation were not included</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Milgrom, J., Newnham, C., Martin, P. R., Anderson, P. J., Doyle, L. W., Hunt, R. W., Achenbach, T. M., Ferretti, C., Holt, C. J., Inder, T. E., Gemmill, A. W., Early communication in preterm infants following intervention in the NICU, Early Human Development, 89, 755-62, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mirghafourvand, M., Ouladsahebmadarek, E., Hosseini, M. B., Heidarabadi, S., Asghari-Jafarabadi, M., Hasanpour, S., The effect of creating opportunities for parent empowerment program on parent’s mental health: A systematic review, Iran J PediatrIranian journal of pediatrics, 27 (2) (no pagination), 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review:Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol. Included studies were checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moody, C., Callahan, T. J., Aldrich, H., Gance-Cleveland, B., Sables-Baus, S., Early Initiation of Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) Reduces Length of Stay: A Quality Improvement Project, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 32, 59-63, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design: Retrospective study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narayanan, I., Kumar, H., Singhal, P. K., Dutta, A. K., Maternal participation in the care of the high risk infant: follow-up evaluation, Indian Pediatrics, 28, 161-167, 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: India</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nearing, G. B., Salas, A. A., Granado-Villar, D., Chandler, B. D., Soliz, A., Psychosocial parental support programs and short-term clinical outcomes in extremely low-birth-weight infants, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 25, 89-93, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design: Retrospective study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nelson,M.N., White-Traut,R.C., Vasan,U., Silvestri,J., Comiskey,E., Meleedy-Rey,P., Littau,S., Gu,G., Patel,M., One-year outcome of auditory-tactile-visual-vestibular intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit: effects of severe prematurity and central nervous system injury, Journal of Child Neurology, 16, 493-498, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Northrup, T. F., Evans, P. W., Lillie, M. L., Tyson, J. E., A free parking trial to increase visitation and improve extremely low birth weight infant outcomes, Journal of Perinatology, 36, 1112-1115, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">O’Brien, K., Bracht, M., Robson, K., Xiang, Y., Lucia, M., Cruz, M., Soraisham, A., DaSilva, O., Ng, E., Monterossa, L., Alvaro, R., Narvey, M., Lui, K., Tarnow-Mordi, W., Lee, S. K., Evaluation of family integrated care(Ficare);a cluster randomized controlled trial(RCT) in Canada, Australia and New Zealand, European Journal of Pediatrics, 175 (11), 1507-1508, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract. Insufficient detail of data reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ohlsson, A., Jacobs, S. E., NIDCAP: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, Pediatrics, 131, e881-93, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ortenstrand, A., Westrup, B., Brostrom, E. B., Sarman, I., Akerstrom, S., Brune, T., Lindberg, L., Waldenstrom, U., The Stockholm Neonatal Family Centered Care Study: effects on length of stay and infant morbidity, Pediatrics, 125, e278-85, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - under 66% received respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">O’Toole, A., Francis, K., Pugsley, L., Does Music Positively Impact Preterm Infant Outcomes?, Advances in Neonatal Care, 17, 192-202, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parashar, P., Samuel, A. J., Bansal, A., Aranka, V. P., Yakson touch as a part of early intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A systematic narrative review, Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 20, 349-352, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: India</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parker, S. J., Zahr, L. K., Cole, J. G., Brecht, M. L., Outcome after developmental intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit for mothers of preterm infants with low socioeconomic status, Journal of Pediatrics, 120, 780-785, 1992</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - under 66% had respiratory complications</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Picciolini, O., Porro, M., Meazza, A., Gianni, M. L., Rivoli, C., Lucco, G., Barretta, F., Bonzini, M., Mosca, F., Early exposure to maternal voice: Effects on preterm infants development, Early Human Development, 90, 287-292, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design: case control</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pineda, R., Guth, R., Herring, A., Reynolds, L., Oberle, S., Smith, J., Enhancing sensory experiences for very preterm infants in the NICU: An integrative review, Journal of Perinatology, 37, 323-332, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Polkki, T., Korhonen, A., The effectiveness of music on pain among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review, JBI Library of Systematic ReviewisJBI Libr Syst Rev, 10, 4600-4609, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pridham, K, Brown, R, Clark, R, Limbo, Rk, Schroeder, M, Henriques, J, Bohne, E, Effect of guided participation on feeding competencies of mothers and their premature infants, Research in nursing & health, 28, 252-267, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to the protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Procianoy,, Effect of Maternal Touch Care on Very Low Birth Weight Infants, Pediatric academic society, <a href="http://www.abstracts2view.com/pas/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.abstracts2view.com/pas/</a>, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Procianoy,R.S., Mendes,E.W., Silveira,R.C., Massage therapy improves neurodevelopment outcome at two years corrected age for very low birth weight infants, Early Human Development, 86, 7-11, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Brazil</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Provenzi, L., Broso, S., Montirosso, R., Do mothers sound good? A systematic review of the effects of maternal voice exposure on preterm infants’ development, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 88, 42-50, 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review of exposure to maternal voice - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ramanathan, K., Paul, V. K., Deorari, A. K., Taneja, U., George, G., Kangaroo Mother Care in very low birth weight infants, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 68, 1019-1023, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: India</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ramey, Ct, Bryant, Dm, Wasik, Bh, Sparling, Jj, Fendt, Kh, LaVange, Lm, Infant Health and Development Program for low birth weight, premature infants: program elements, family participation, and child intelligence, Pediatrics, 89, 454-465, 1992</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Renfrew, M. J., Craig, D., Dyson, L., McCormick, F., Rice, S., King, S. E., Misso, K., Stenhouse, E., Williams, A. F., Breastfeeding promotion for infants in neonatal units: A systematic review and economic analysis, Health Technology Assessment, 13, ix-170, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roue, J. M., Kuhn, P., Lopez Maestro, M., Maastrup, R. A., Mitanchez, D., Westrup, B., Sizun, J., Eight principles for patient-centred and family-centred care for newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 102, F364-F368, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Overview: no data presented</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rushforth, K, A randomised controlled trial of weaning from mechanical ventilation in paediatric intensive care (PIC). Methodological and practical issues, Intensive & critical care nursing, 21, 76-86, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not relevant to protocol: Nurse-led versus medical-led weaning of infants from mechanical ventilation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sajaniemi, N, Mäkelä, J, Salokorpi, T, Wendt, L, Hämäläinen, T, Hakamies-Blomqvist, L, Cognitive performance and attachment patterns at four years of age in extremely low birth weight infants after early intervention, European child & adolescent psychiatry, 10, 122-129, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - infants were recruited 3 months after birth and intervention started 6 months after birth in the home. No details are given regarding respiratory support received.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sannino, P., Gianni, M. L., De Bon, G., Fontana, C., Picciolini, O., Plevani, L., Fumagalli, M., Consonni, D., Mosca, F., Support to mothers of premature babies using NIDCAP method: A non-randomized controlled trial, Early Human Development, 95, 15-20, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised comparative study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Santoro Jr, W., Martinez, F. E., Effect of intervention on the rates of breastfeeding of very low birth weight newborns. [Portuguese, English], Jornal de Pediatria, 83, 541-546, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Brazil</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schanler, R. J., Outcomes of Human Milk-Fed Premature Infants, Seminars in Perinatology, 35, 29-33, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schappin, R., Wijnroks, L., Uniken Venema, M., Wijnberg-Williams, B., Veenstra, R., Koopman-Esseboom, C., Mulder-De Tollenaer, S., van der Tweel, I., Jongmans, M., Primary Care Triple P for parents of NICU graduates with behavioral problems: a randomized, clinical trial using observations of parent-child interaction, BMC Pediatrics, 14, 305, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population, intervention and outcomes not relevant to protocol: cohort of preterm and term babies with no confirmation of receipt of respiratory support, intervention at age 2, no relevant reported outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schraeder, B. D., Czajka, C., Kalman, D. D., McGeady, S. J., Respiratory health, lung function, and airway responsiveness in school-age survivors of very-low-birth-weight, Clinical Pediatrics, 37, 237-45, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes relevant to protocol reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schroeder,M., Pridham,K., Development of relationship competencies through guided participation for mothers of preterm infants, Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 35, 358-368, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Segre, L. S., Chuffo-Siewert, R., Brock, R. L., O’Hara M, W., Emotional distress in mothers of preterm hospitalized infants: A feasibility trial of nurse-delivered treatment, Journal of Perinatology, 33, 924-928, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention is not relevant to protocol: nurse delivered listening visit with mother</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seigel, J. K., Smith, P. B., Ashley, P. L., Cotten, C. M., Herbert, C. C., King, B. A., Maynor, A. R., Neill, S., Wynn, J., Bidegain, M., Early administration of oropharyngeal colostrum to extremely low birth weight infants, Breastfeeding Medicine: The Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding MedicineBreastfeed Med, 8, 491-5, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Servel, A. C., Rideau Batista Novais, A., Single-family rooms for neonatal intensive care units impacts on preterm newborns, families, and health-care staff. A systematic literature review, Archives de Pediatrie, 23, 921-926, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article is in French</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shahheidari, M., Homer, C., Impact of the design of neonatal intensive care units on neonates, staff, and families: A systematic literature review, Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 26, 260-266, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: Population and comparison is not relevant to the protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sharifah, H., Lee, K. S., Ho, J. J., Separate care for new mother and infant versus rooming-in for increasing the duration of breastfeeding, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3) (no pagination), 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included study was checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sharma, D., Farahbakhsh, N., Sharma, S., Sharma, P., Sharma, A., Role of kangaroo mother care in growth and breast feeding rates in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates: a systematic review, Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal MedicineJ Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 1-14, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sharma, D., Murki, S., Pratap, O. T., The effect of kangaroo ward care in comparison with “intermediate intensive care” on the growth velocity in preterm infant with birth weight <1100 g: randomized control trial, European Journal of Pediatrics, 175, 1317-24, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: India</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shukri, Nhm, Wells, J, Mukhtar, F, Fewtrell, M, A randomised trial to test the effectiveness of maternal relaxation therapy during breastfeeding: effects on infant behaviour, 62, 662, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Simmer, K., Metcalf, R., Daniels, L., The use of breastmilk in a neonatal unit and its relationship to protein and energy intake and growth, Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, 33, 55-60, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Audit data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Singer, L. T., Salvator, A., Guo, S., Collin, M., Lilien, L., Baley, J., Maternal psychological distress and parenting stress after the birth of a very low-birth-weight infant, JAMA, 281, 799-805, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and outcomes not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith, J. R., Comforting touch in the very preterm hospitalized infant: An integrative review, Advances in Neonatal Care, 12, 349-365, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith, K, Layne, M, Garell, D, The impact of care coordination on children with special health care needs, Children’s Health Care, 23, 251-266, 1994</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to protocol - children with special care needs</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Snyder, R., Herdt, A., Mejias-Cepeda, N., Ladino, J., Crowley, K., Levy, P., Early provision of oropharyngeal colostrum leads to sustained breast milk feedings in preterm infants, Pediatrics & NeonatologyPediatr neonatol, 10, 10, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population and intervention are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spencer-Smith, M. M., Spittle, A. J., Doyle, L. W., Lee, K. J., Lorefice, L., Suetin, A., Pascoe, L., Anderson, P. J., Long-term benefits of home-based preventive care for preterm infants: a randomized trial, Pediatrics, 130, 1094-101, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to protocol - <66% of babies were receiving respiratory support at the time of intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spittle, A., Doyle, L., Treyvaud, K., Anderson, P., A randomised controlled trial of an early preventative care program for infants born very preterm: The role of social risk on cognitive outcomes throughout early childhood, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 59, 44, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No data presented - Protocol for a randomised controlled trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spittle, Aj, Ferretti, C, Anderson, Pj, Orton, J, Eeles, A, Bates, L, Boyd, Rn, Inder, Te, Doyle, Lw, Improving the outcome of infants born at <30 weeks’ gestation-a randomized controlled trial of preventative care at home, BMC Pediatrics, 9, 73, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract: insufficient detail of data presented</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Swarnkar, K., Vagha, J., Effect of kangaroo mother care on growth and morbidity pattern in low birth weight infants, Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 5, 91-99, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: India</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Syfrett, Eb, Anderson, Gc, Very early kangaroo care beginning at birth for healthy preterm infants and mothers who choose to breastfeed: effect on outcome, A workshop on the kangaroo-mother method for low birthweight infants. World health organisation; 1996 october; trieste, italy, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Symington, A., Pinelli, J., Developmental care for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD001814, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tan, K., Lai, N. M., Telemedicine for the support of parents of high risk newborn infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4) (no pagination), 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: Intervention is not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tessier, R, Cristo, M, Velez, S, Giron, M, Calume, Zf, Ruiz-Palaez, Jg, Charpak, Y, Charpak, N, Kangaroo mother care and the bonding hypothesis, Pediatrics, 102, e17, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Colombia</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tessier,R., Charpak,N., Giron,M., Cristo,M., de Calume,Z.F., Ruiz-Pelaez,J.G., Kangaroo Mother Care, home environment and father involvement in the first year of life: a randomized controlled study, Acta Paediatrica, 98, 1444-1450, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Colombia</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Teti, D. M., Hess, C. R., O’Connell, M., Parental perceptions of infant vulnerability in a preterm sample: prediction from maternal adaptation to parenthood during the neonatal period, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 26, 283-92, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Longitudinal observational study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thukral, A., Sankar, M. J., Agarwal, R., Gupta, N., Deorari, A. K., Paul, V. K., Early skin-to-skin contact and breast-feeding behavior in term neonates: A randomized controlled trial, Neonatology, 102, 114-119, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: India</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tully, K. P., Holditch-Davis, D., White-Traut, R. C., David, R., O’Shea, T. M., Geraldo, V., A Test of Kangaroo Care on Preterm Infant Breastfeeding, Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN, 45, 45-61, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to the protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unanue, Ra, The effect of parent education on the motor performance of premature infants and parent caregiving abilities, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract: insufficient detail of data presented</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vaidya, K, Sharma, A, Dhungel, S, Effect of early mother-baby close contact over the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 7, 138-140, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Nepal</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">van Der Pal, S. M., Maguire, C. M., Bruil, J., Le Cessie, S., Wit, J. M., Walther, F. J., Veen, S., Health-related quality of life of very preterm infants at 1 year of age after two developmental care-based interventions, Child: care, health and development, 34, 619-625, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to the protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">van der Pal, S. M., Maguire, C. M., le Cessie, S., Wit, J. M., Walther, F. J., Bruil, J., Parental experiences during the first period at the neonatal unit after two developmental care interventions, Acta Paediatrica, 96, 1611-6, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative summary of two previous RCTs, reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vandoesum, K, Kowalenko, Nm, A national comprehensive program of COPMI interventions in the Netherlands, Neuropsychiatrie de l’enfance et de l’adolescence, 60, S131, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract: no data presented</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Verma, A., Maria, A., Pandey, R. M., Hans, C., Verma, A., Sherwani, F., Family-Centered Care to Complement Care of Sick Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Indian Pediatrics, 54, 455-459, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: India</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vickers, Andrew, Ohlsson, Arne, Lacy, Janet, Horsley, Angela, Massage for promoting growth and development of preterm and/or low birth-weight infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vohr, B. R., Poindexter, B. B., Dusick, A. M., McKinley, L. T., Wright, L. L., Langer, J. C., Poole, W. K., Nichd Neonatal Research Network, Beneficial effects of breast milk in the neonatal intensive care unit on the developmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants at 18 months of age, Pediatrics, 118, e115-23, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wallin, L., Eriksson, M., Newborn Individual Development Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP): a systematic review of the literature, Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 6, 54-69, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang, Y., Shi, J. P., Li, Y. H., Yang, W. H., Tian, Y. J., Gao, J., Li, S. J., AIMS baby movement scale application in high-risk infants early intervention analysis, European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 20, 3447-3451, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: China</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wasik, Bh, Ramey, Ct, Bryant, Dm, Sparling, Jj, A longitudinal study of two early intervention strategies: project CARE, Child development, 61, 1682-1696, 1990</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to protocol - not infants requiring respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Watson, Julie, McGuire, William, Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: Intervention is not relevant to protocol. Included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Welch, M, Stark, R, Hofer, M, Andrews, H, Austin, J, Myers, M, Family Nurture Intervention: Safety and Feasibility of a Randomized Controlled Trial in the NICU, Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Welch, M. G., Firestein, M. R., Austin, J., Hane, A. A., Stark, R. I., Hofer, M. A., Garland, M., Glickstein, S. B., Brunelli, S. A., Ludwig, R. J., Myers, M. M., Family Nurture Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit improves social-relatedness, attention, and neurodevelopment of preterm infants at 18 months in a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 56, 1202-11, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Welch, M. G., Hofer, M. A., Stark, R. I., Andrews, H. F., Austin, J., Glickstein, S. B., Ludwig, R. J., Myers, M. M., F. N. I. Trial Group, Randomized controlled trial of Family Nurture Intervention in the NICU: assessments of length of stay, feasibility and safety, BMC Pediatrics, 13, 148, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention is not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Welch, Mg Grieve Pg Stark Ri Fiedor Es Koukaz Ya Hofer Ma Johnson Jg Lorenz Jm Myers Mm, Efficacy of Family Nurture Intervention in the NICU (FNI-NICU): A Mid-Study Report of Neurobehavioral Effects on Pre-Term Infants and Mothers, Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Welch, Mg, Firestein, Mr, Austin, J, Hane, Aa, Stark, Ri, Hofer, Ma, Family Nurture Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit improves social-relatedness, attention, and neurodevelopment of preterm infants at 18 months in a randomized controlled trial, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate reference</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Welch, Mg, Hofer, Ma, Stark, Ri, Andrews, Hf, Austin, J, Glickstein, Sb, Ludwig, Rj, Myers, Mm, Afifi, L, Bechar, A, Beebe, B, Brunelli, Sa, Carnazza, Ke, Chang, Cy, Farrell, Pa, Fiedor, Es, Karim, Q, Kofman, S, Koukaz, Ya, McKiernan, Mt, Fifer, Wp, Sopterian, S, Bateman, Dv, Grieve, Pg, Lorenz, Jm, Polin, Ra, Sahni, R, Merle, Dp, Hane, Aa, Randomized controlled trial of Family Nurture Intervention in the NICU: Assessments of length of stay, feasibility and safety, BMC Pediatrics, 13, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate reference</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Welch, Mg, Stark, Ri, Brunelli, Sa, Austin, Jf, Fiedor, Es, Polin, Ra, Lorenz, Jm, Hofer, Ma, Myers, Mm, Family nurture intervention (FNI) in the NICU: Can we prevent transgenerational effects of adverse rearing in prematurely born infants?, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54, E13, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract: no data are presented</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wen, Lm, Baur, La, Simpson, Jm, Rissel, C, Flood, Vm, Effectiveness of an early intervention on infant feeding practices and “tummy time": a randomized controlled trial, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent MedicineArch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 165, 701-707, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to protocol - maternal participation</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wendland-Carro, J, Piccinini, Ca, Millar, Ws, The role of an early intervention on enhancing the quality of mother-infant interaction, Child development, 70, 713-721, 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Westrup, B, Bohm, B, Lagercrantz, H, Stjernqvist, K, Preschool outcome in children born very prematurely and cared for according to NIDCAP, Pediatric Research, 54, 557, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract: insufficient detail of data presented</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Westrup, B., Hellstrom-Westas, L., Stjernqvist, K., Lagercrantz, H., No indications of increased quiet sleep in infants receiving care based on the newborn individualized developmental care and assessment program (NIDCAP), Acta Paediatrica, 91, 318-22; discussion 262-3, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Whipple, J., The effect of parent training in music and multimodal stimulation on parent-neonate interactions in the neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Music Therapy, 37, 250-268, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quasi RCT n=20</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Whitelaw, A., Kangaroo baby care: just a nice experience or an important advance for preterm infants?, Pediatrics, 85, 604-5, 1990</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Commentary, narrative review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">White-Traut, R, Norr, Kf, Fabiyi, C, Rankin, Km, Li, Z, Liu, L, Mother-infant interaction improves with a developmental intervention for mother-preterm infant dyads, Infant Behavior & DevelopmentInfant behav, 36, 694-706, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - Infants had to be clinically stable for enrolment (not receiving ventilator support or oxygen therapy via nasal cannula)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">White-Traut, R, Rankin, Km, Pham, T, Li, Z, Liu, L, Preterm infants’ orally directed behaviors and behavioral state responses to the integrated H-HOPE intervention, Infant Behavior & DevelopmentInfant behav, 37, 583-596, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - Infants had to be clinically stable for enrolment (not receiving ventilator support or oxygen therapy via nasal cannula)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">White-Traut, R. C., Nelson, M. N., Silvestri, J. M., Cunningham, N., Patel, M., Responses of preterm infants to unimodal and multimodal sensory intervention, Pediatr NursPediatric nursing, 23, 169-75, 193, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">White-Traut, R. C., Nelson, M. N., Silvestri, J. M., Patel, M. K., Kilgallon, D., Patterns of physiologic and behavioral response of intermediate care preterm infants to intervention, Pediatric Nursing, 19, 625-9, 1993</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">White-Traut, R. C., Nelson, M. N., Silvestri, J. M., Vasan, U., Littau, S., Meleedy-Rey, P., Gu, G., Patel, M., Effect of auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular intervention on length of stay, alertness, and feeding progression in preterm infants, Dev Med Child NeurolDevelopmental medicine and child neurology, 44, 91-7, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population is not relevant to the protocol - over 66% had a CNS injury</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">White-Traut, Rc, Rankin, Km, Yoder, Jc, Liu, L, Vasa, R, Geraldo, V, Norr, Kf, Influence of H-HOPE intervention for premature infants on growth, feeding progression and length of stay during initial hospitalization, Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 35, 636-41, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - Infants had to be clinically stable for enrolment (not receiving ventilator support or oxygen therapy via nasal cannula)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wielenga,J.M., Smit,B.J., Unk,L.K., How satisfied are parents supported by nurses with the NIDCAP model of care for their preterm infant?, Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 21, 41-48, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design: Prospective cohort study with group recruitment during different time periods</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wirth, L, Dorn, F, Wege, M, Zemlin, M, Lemmer, B, Gorbey, S, Timmesfeld, N, Maier, Rf, Effects of standardized acoustic stimulation in premature infants: a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Perinatology, 36, 486-492, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reported outcomes are not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wu, Y. C., Hsieh, W. S., Hsu, C. H., Chang, J. H., Chou, H. C., Hsu, H. C., Chiu, N. C., Lee, W. T., Chen, W. J., Ho, Y. W., Jeng, S. F., Intervention effects on emotion regulation in preterm infants with very low birth weight: A randomize controlled trial, Research in Developmental Disabilities, 48, 1-12, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yigit,S., Kerem,M., Livanelioglu,A., Oran,O., Erdem,G., Mutlu,A., Turanli,G., Tekinalp,G., Yurdakok,M., Early physiotherapy intervention in premature infants, Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 44, 224-229, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially randomised study, elements of intervention are not described</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yu, Yt, Hsieh, Ws, Hsu, Ch, Lin, Yj, Hsieh, S, Lu, L, Fan, Pc, Chen, Wj, Jeng, Sf, Short-term effect of a family-centered intervention program on the cortical auditory processing function in very low birth weight preterm infants, Physiotherapy (United Kingdom), 101, eS1708-eS1709, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study location: Taiwan</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zahr, L. K., Parker, S., Cole, J., Comparing the effects of neonatal intensive care unit intervention on premature infants at different weights, Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP, 13, 165-172, 1992</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant to protocol - for inclusion infants needed to be medically stable defined as not requiring respiratory support or 1:1 care</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zelkowitz,P., Feeley,N., Shrier,I., Stremler,R., Westreich,R., Dunkley,D., Steele,R., Rosberger,Z., Lefebvre,F., Papageorgiou,A., The Cues and Care Trial: a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to reduce maternal anxiety and improve developmental outcomes in very low birthweight infants, BMC Pediatrics, 8, 38-, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No data presented - Protocol for a randomised controlled trial</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zhang, X., Kurtz, M., Lee, S. Y., Liu, H., Early Intervention for Preterm Infants and Their Mothers: A Systematic Review, Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 18, 18, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - included studies checked for relevance to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zimmerman, E, Lahav, A, Effects of Maternal Voice and Heartbeat Sounds on Weight Gain Velocity and Head Circumference in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zimmerman, E, Ringer, S, Norton, M, McMahon, E, Arnold, B, Insoft, R, Audio Technology for Delivering Maternal Voice and Biological Sounds to Very Low Birth Weight Infants While in the Incubator: Effects of Respiratory and Growth Outcomes, Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zukowsky, K., Breast-fed low-birth-weight premature neonates: developmental assessment and nutritional intake in the first 6 months of life, Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 21, 242-9, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No outcomes relevant to the protocol are presented</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>All economic studies were excluded at the initial title and abstract screening stage.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s2"><h4>Excluded studies for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appk.s2.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><div id="ch6.appk.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appk.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Al Maghaireh, D. F., Abdullah, K. L., Chan, C. M., Piaw, C. Y., Al Kawafha, M. M., Systematic review of qualitative studies exploring parental experiences in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, J Clin NursJournal of clinical nursing, 25, 2745-56, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alves Correa Neiva, Camila, de Oliveira Guimarães, Kaama, Nogueira do Vale, Ianê, Valentim Carmona, Elenice, Opinion of mothers of hospitalized babies about nursing interventions: a descriptive study, Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing, 12, 844-853, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alves, E., Rodrigues, C., Fraga, S., Barros, H., Silva, S., Parents’ views on factors that help or hinder breast milk supply in neonatal care units: systematic review, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 98, F511-7, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arnold, L., Sawyer, A., Rabe, H., Abbott, J., Gyte, G., Duley, L., Ayers, S., Parents’ first moments with their very preterm babies: A qualitative study, BMJ OpenBMJ open, 3 (4) (no pagination), 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arockiasamy,V., Holsti,L., Albersheim,S., Fathers’ experiences in the neonatal intensive care unit: a search for control, Pediatrics, 121, e215-e222, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baia, I., Alves, E., Amorim, M., Fraga, S., Silva, S., Parental needs and stress in neonatal intensive care units: Effect of data collection period, Arquivos de Medicina, 29, 160-162, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study was not qualitative</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Balbino, F., Yamanaka, C., Pettengill, M., The shared experience in a support group at a neonatal unit for hospitalized Newborn’s parents, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 1), A58, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ballantyne, M., Orava, T., Bernardo, S., McPherson, A. C., Church, P., Fehlings, D., Parents’ early healthcare transition experiences with preterm and acutely ill infants: a scoping review, 30, 30, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bass, L. S., What do parents need when their infant is a patient in the NICU?, Neonatal NetwNeonatal network : NN, 10, 25-33, 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baylis, Rebecca, Ewald, Uwe, Gradin, Maria, Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg, Rubertsson, Christine, Blomqvist, Ylva Thernstrom, First-time events between parents and preterm infants are affected by the designs and routines of neonatal intensive care units, Acta PaediatricaActa Paediatr, 103, 1045-1052, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beal, J. A., Quinn, M., The nurse practitioner role in the NICU as perceived by parents, MCN - American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 27, 183-188, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beck, S. A., Weis, J., Greisen, G., et al.,, Room for family-centered care - a qualitative evaluation of a neonatal intensive care unit remodeling project, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 15, 88-89, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Number of infants on respiratory support was not specified</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bennett,R., Sheridan,C., Mothers’ perceptions of ‘rooming-in’ on a neonatal intensive care unit, Infant, 1, 171-174, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blackburn, A. C., Stories, ethics and the interpretation of meaning: bearing witness to mothers’ stories of their neonatal intensive care unit experience, Ph.D., 305 p-305 p, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than 2/3 of infants were on respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blomqvist, Y. T., Rubertsson, C., Kylberg, E., Joreskog, K., Nyqvist, K. H., Kangaroo mother care helps fathers of preterm infants gain confidence in the paternal role, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68, 1988-1996, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blomqvist, Ylva Thernstrom, Frolund, Lovisa, Rubertsson, Christine, Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg, Provision of Kangaroo Mother Care: Supportive factors and barriers perceived by parents, Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 27, 345-353, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blomqvist,Y.T., Nyqvist,K.H., Swedish mothers’ experience of continuous Kangaroo Mother Care, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20, 1472-1480, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">< 2/3 of study infants were on respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bonet, M., Blondel, B., Forcella, E., Cuttini, M., Agostino, R., Draper, E., Zeitlin, J., Barriers and facilitators for breastfeeding very preterm infants: Management of mother’s milk in neonatal units in England, France and Italy, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 96, Fa11, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bonner, O., Beardsall, K., Crilly, N., Lasenby, J., ‘There were more wires than him’: The potential for wireless patient monitoring in neonatal intensive care, BMJ Innovations, 3, 12-18, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boss, R., Geller, G., Donohue, P., Arnold, R., Decision-making consensus in the NICU: What does parent-clinician collaboration actually look like?, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 49 (2), 361, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boukydis, C. F. Z., Support services and peer support for parents of at-risk infants: an international perspective, Children’s Health Care, 29, 129-145, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boukydis, C. F. Z., International Survey of Support for Parents of Premature and High-Risk Infants, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bower, K., Burnette, T., Lewis, D., et al.,, “I Had One Job and That Was To Make Milk": Mothers’ Experiences Expressing Milk for Their Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants, Journal of Human Lactation, 33, 188-194, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bracht,M., O’Leary,L., Lee,S.K., O’Brien,K., Implementing family-integrated care in the NICU: a parent education and support program, Advances in Neonatal Care, 13, 115-126, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brazier, L., Harper, K., Marrington, S., Hospital visiting costs: an exploratory study into travelling expenses incurred by parents with babies in a regional neonatal unit, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 1, 29-31, 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brelsford, Gina M., Doheny, Kim K., Religious and spiritual journeys: Brief reflections from mothers and fathers in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Pastoral Psychology, 65, 79-87, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brett,J., Staniszewska,S., Newburn,M., Jones,N., Taylor,L., A systematic mapping review of effective interventions for communicating with, supporting and providing information to parents of preterm infants, BMJ Open, 1, e000023-, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brinchmann, B. S., Forde, R., Nortvedt, P., What matters to the parents? A qualitative study of parents’ experiences with life-and-death decisions concerning their premature infants, Nursing Ethics, 9, 388-404, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Number of infants on respiratory support was not specified</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brinchmann, B. S., Vik, T., Parents’ involvement in life-and-death decisions in neonatal intensive care: Norwegian attitudes, Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, 5, 77-81, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Broom, M., Davies, D., Smith, J., Abdel-Latif, M. E., Participating in clinical bedside rounds: The perspective of parents and staff members, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 50, 72, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Broom, M., Mebberson, K., Zsuzsoka, K., Families’ experiences in a two-cot nicu, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 51, 13, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bruns, D. A., Klein, S., An evaluation of family-centered care in a Level III NICU, Infants & Young Children: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Early Childhood Intervention, 18, 222-233, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buarque, V., Lima Mde, C., Scott, R. P., Vasconcelos, M. G., The influence of support groups on the family of risk newborns and on neonatal unit workers, Jornal de Pediatria, 82, 295-301, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caeymaex, L., Speranza, M., Vasilescu, C., Danan, C., Bourrat, M. M., Garel, M., Jousselme, C., Living with a crucial decision: a qualitative study of parental narratives three years after the loss of their newborn in the NICU, PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource], 6, e28633, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Caldeira, S., Hall, J., Spiritual leadership and spiritual care in neonatology, Journal of Nursing Management, 20, 1069-1075, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Casper, C., Caeymaex, L., Dicky, O., Akrich, M., Reynaud, A., Bouvard, C., Evrard, A., Kuhn, P., Allen, A., Brandicourt, A., Duboz, M. A., Fichtner, C., Girard, L., Gonnaud, F., Haumont, D., Huppi, P., Isaia, S., Knezovic, N., Legouais, S., Mons, F., Pelofy, V., Picaud, J. C., Pierrat, V., Renesme, L., Sizun, J., Souet, G., Thiriez, G., Truffert, P., Zaoui, C., Zores, C., Parental perception of their involvement in the care of their children in French neonatal units, Archives de Pediatrie, 23, 974-982, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Catlin, E. A., Guillemin, J. H., Thiel, M. M., Hammond, S., Wang, M. L., O’Donnell, J., Spiritual and religious components of patient care in the neonatal intensive care unit: Sacred themes in a secular setting, Journal of Perinatology, 21, 426-430, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - participants were NICU staff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chen, Y. C., Chang, M. Y., Chang, L. Y., Mu, P. F., Experiences of parents providing kangaroo care to a premature infant: A systematic review of the qualitative evidence protocol, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 13, 112-119, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cleveland, L. M., Parenting in the neonatal intensive care unit, JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 37, 666-691, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review; included studies reported individually</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coffman, S., Levitt, M. J., Deets, C., Personal and professional support for mothers of NICU and healthy newborns, Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 20, 406-415, 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative survey method</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cooper,L.G., Gooding,J.S., Gallagher,J., Sternesky,L., Ledsky,R., Berns,S.D., Impact of a family-centered care initiative on NICU care, staff and families, Journal of Perinatology, 27, S32-S37, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative survey method</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coppola,G., Cassibba,R., Bosco,A., Papagna,S., In search of social support in the NICU: Features, benefits and antecedents of parents’ tendency to share with others the premature birth of their baby, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 26, 1737-1741, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative survey method</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cortezzo, D. E., Sanders, M. R., Brownell, E. A., Moss, K., End-of-Life Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Experiences of Staff and Parents, American Journal of Perinatology, 32, 713-723, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Couto, C. S., Tupinamba, M. C., Rangel, A. U., Frota, M. A., Martins, E. M., Nobre, C. S., Landim, A. L., Spectra of mothers of premature children about the educative circle of culture, Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem Da Usp. 48 Spec NoRev Esc Enferm USP, 2, 3-8, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cox, C. L., Bialoskurski, M., Neonatal intensive care: communication and attachment, British Journal of Nursing, 10, 668-676, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Craig, Jenene Woods, The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU): Self-efficacy of caregiving and the lived experience of parents post-NICU discharge, Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 76, No Pagination Specified, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study assessed supports parents wanted in the home</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Currie, E. R., Christian, B. J., Hinds, P. S., Perna, S. J., Robinson, C., Day, S., Meneses, K., Parent Perspectives of Neonatal Intensive Care at the End-of-Life, J Pediatr NursJournal of pediatric nursing, 31, 478-489, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">D’Agata, Amy L., McGrath, Jacqueline M., A Framework of Complex Adaptive Systems: Parents as partners in the neonatal intensive care unit, Advances in Nursing Science, 39, 244-256, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative survey method</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">de Araujo, B. B. M., Rodrigues, Bmrd, Mothers’ experiences and perspectives regarding their premature infant’s stay at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem Da UspRev Esc Enferm USP, 44, 865-872, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">de Oliveira Dornasbach, Jéssica, Barbosa de Freitas, Hilda Maria, Santini Costenaro, Regina Gema, Rangel, Rosiane Filipin, Zamberlan, Claudia, Ilha, Silomar, NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE: FEELING OF PARENTS AFTER DISCHARGE OF THE CHILD, Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 8, 2660-2666, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dewlett, S., Polychronakis, T., Ng, G. Y. T., Look who’s talking: How well are we communicating with parents in the neonatal unit? A patient survey, Intensive Care Medicine, 37, S419-S420, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diaz, Z., Caires, S., Experiences of parents of infants admitted in unit neonatology: A perspective of parents and health professionals, Atencion Primaria, 45, 178, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Domanico, R., Davis, D. K., Coleman, F., Davis Jr, B. O., Documenting the NICU design dilemma: Parent and staff perceptions of open ward versus single family room units, Journal of Perinatology, 30, 343-351, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative survey design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duarte, E. D., de Sena, R. R., Dittz, E. D., Tavares, T. S., Lopes, A. F. C., Silva, P. M., THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN CARE DELIVERY TO HOSPITALIZED NEWBORNS: POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES TOWARDS COMPREHENSIVE CARE, Texto & Contexto Enfermagem, 21, 870-878, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Edell-Gustafsson, Ulla, Angelhoff, Charlotte, Johnsson, Ewa, Karlsson, Jenny, Morelius, Evalotte, Hindering and buffering factors for parental sleep in neonatal care. A phenomenographic study, J Clin NursJournal of clinical nursing, 24, 717-727, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than 2/3 of infants were on respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epstein,E.G., End-of-life experiences of parents, nurses and physicians in the newborn intensive care unit, -297, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fegran, L., Fagermoen, M. S., Helseth, S., Development of parent-nurse relationships in neonatal intensive care units-from closeness to detachment, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 64, 363-71, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fegran, L., Helseth, S., The parent-nurse relationship in the neonatal intensive care unit context - Closeness and emotional involvement, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 23, 667-673, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than 2/3 of the infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fenwick, J., Barclay, L., Schmied, V., Interactions in neonatal nurseries: women’s perceptions of nurses and nursing, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 6, 197-203, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Findlay, M. P., Parenting a hospitalized preterm infant: a phenomenological study, PH.D., 171 p-171 p, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Flacking, R., Dykes, F., Creating a positive place and space in NICUs, The practising midwife, 17, 18-20, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Foster, Christine, Monterosso, Leanne, The ventilator-dependent infant requiring palliative care in the neonatal intensive care unit: a literature review, Neonatal, Paediatric & Child Health Nursing, 15, 8-20, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Foster, Mandie Jane, Whitehead, Lisa, Maybee, Patricia, Cullens, Victoria, The Parents’, Hospitalized Child’s, and Health Care Providers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Family Centered Care Within a Pediatric Critical Care Setting: A Metasynthesis of Qualitative Research, Journal of family nursing, 19, 431-468, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Foster, V., Young, A., Reflecting on participatory methodologies: research with parents of babies requiring neonatal care, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 18, 91-104, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Franck, L. S., McNulty, A., Alderdice, F., The Perinatal-Neonatal Care Journey for Parents of Preterm Infants: What Is Working and What Can Be Improved, Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 31, 244-255, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frank, D. I., Paredes, S. D., Curtin, J., Perceptions of parent and nurse relationships and attitudes of parental participation in caring for infants in the NICU, The Florida nurse, 45, 9-10, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">French, K. B., Care of Extremely Small Premature Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Parent’s Perspective, Clin PerinatolClinics in perinatology, 44, 275-282, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gardner, G., Barrett, T., Coonan, K., Cox, H., Roberson, B., Parent support programmes in neonatal intensive care: researching the issues, Neonatal, Paediatric & Child Health Nursing, 5, 20-25, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Garne, K., Brodsgaard, A., Zachariassen, G., Clemensen, J., Telemedicine in Neonatal Home Care: Identifying Parental Needs Through Participatory Design, JMIR Res ProtocJMIR research protocols, 5, e100, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Garten, L., Nazary, L., Metze, B., et al.,, Pilot study of experiences and needs of 111 fathers of very low birth weight infants in a neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Perinatology, 33, 65-69, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gavey, J., Parental perceptions of neonatal care, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 13, 199-206, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs, D., Parenting occupations in the neonatal intensive care unit, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 96, Fa8, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs, D., Boshoff, K., Stanley, M., Becoming the parent of a preterm infant: a meta-ethnographic synthesis, British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78, 475-487, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Granrud, M. D., Ludvigsen, E., Andershed, B., Parents’ experiences of their premature infants’ transportation from a university hospital NICU to the NICU at two local hospitals, J Pediatr NursJournal of pediatric nursing, 29, e11-e18, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hadian, Z. S., Sharif, F., Rakhshan, M., Pishva, N., Jahanpour, F., Lived experience of caregivers of family-centered care in the neonatal intensive care unit: “Evocation of being at home", Iran J PediatrIranian journal of pediatrics, 26 (5) (no pagination), 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hall, E. O. C., Brinchmann, B. S., Mothers of preterm infants: experiences of space, tone and transfer in the neonatal care unit, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 15, 129-136, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hall, S. L., Ryan, D. J., Beatty, J., et al.,, Recommendations for peer-to-peer support for NICU parents, Journal of Perinatology, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hasanpour, M., Sadeghi, N., Heidarzadeh, M., Parental needs in infant’s end-of-life and bereavement in NICU: A qualitative study, Journal of Education & Health PromotionJ, 5, 19, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hawkes, G. A., Livingstone, V., Ryan, C. A., Dempsey, E. M., Perceptions of webcams in the neonatal intensive care unit: Here’s looking at you kid!, American Journal of Perinatology, 30, 131-136, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Herbst, A., Maree, C., Empowerment of parents in the neonatal intensive care unit by neonatal nurses, Health SA Gesondheid, 11, 3-13, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heydarpour, S., Keshavarz, Z., Bakhtiari, M., Factors affecting adaptation to the role of motherhood in mothers of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit: a qualitative study, Journal of advanced nursing, 73, 138-148, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hingley, S. R., Das Nair, R., Glazebrook, C., Fathers’ experiences of interacting with their preterm infants, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 54, 25-26, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Howes, C., Caring until the end: a systematic literature review exploring Paediatric Intensive Care Unit end-of-life care, Nursing in Critical Care, 20, 41-51, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proportion on respiratory support not specified</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Huber, D. T., Parents’ lived-experience with the admission of their newborn into a newborn intensive care unit: a phenomenological study, Ph.D., 196 p-196 p, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurst, I., One size does not fit all: Parents’ evaluations of a support program in a newborn intensive care nursery, Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 20, 252-261, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurst, I., Mothers’ experiences of having a hospitalized premature baby, PH.D., 330 p-330 p, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurst, I., Carvajal, S., Boelter, M., Primary topics of discussion in a support group for parents of infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care nursery, Neonatal Network, 14, 72-72, 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hynan, M. T., Hall, S. L., Psychosocial program standards for NICU parents, Journal of Perinatology, 35, S1-S4, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Johnson, M. A. T., Parent education in the intensive care nursery, Ed.D., 129 p-129 p, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones, L., Peters, K., Rowe, J., Sheeran, N., The Influence of Neonatal Nursery Design on Mothers’ Interactions in the Nursery, J Pediatr NursJournal of pediatric nursing, 31, e301-e312, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones, L., Taylor, T., Watson, B., Fenwick, J., Dordic, T., Negotiating Care in the Special Care Nursery: Parents’ and Nurses’ Perceptions of Nurse-Parent Communication, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 30, e71-80, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones, L., Woodhouse, D., Rowe, J., Effective nurse parent communication: A study of parents’ perceptions in the NICU environment, Patient Education and Counseling, 69, 206-212, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kearvell, H., Grant, J., Getting connected: how nurses can support mother/infant attachment in the neonatal intensive care unit, Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 75-82, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kistareddy, V. R., Hauptfleisch, C., McGowan, J., Parental perception of neonatal care, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 100, A263-A264, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumaran, K., Reichert, A., Davies, D., Ellinger, M., Conway, L., Mayan, M., Alvadj-Korenic, T., Delivering palliative care in a neonatal intensive care unit, Paediatrics and Child Health (Canada), 19 (6), e56, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lantz, B., Ottosson, C., Parental interaction with infants treated with medical technology, Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 27, 597-607, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative survey method</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lawhon, G., Facilitation of parenting the premature infant within the newborn intensive care unit, J Perinat Neonatal NursThe Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 16, 71-82, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee, S. K., O’Brien, K., Parents as primary caregivers in the neonatal intensive care unit, CmajCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne, 186, 845-7, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Logan, R., Dormire, S., The Lived Experience of Fathering a Premature Infant in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Advances in Neonatal Care, 17, E16-E16, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Logan, Rebecca Michelle, Providing Support for Fathers of Premature Infants in the NICU, JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 46, S44-S44, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lucas, R., Paquette, R., Briere, C. E., et al.,, Furthering our understanding of the needs of mothers who are pumping breast milk for infants in the NICU: an integrative review, Advances in Neonatal Care, 14, 241-252, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martine, L. G., Fonseca, L. M. M., Scochi, C. G. S., The participation of parents in the care of premature children in a neonatal unit: Meanings attributed by the health team, Revista latino-americana de enfermagem, 15, 239-246, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant - did not involve parents or carers</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McCormick, M. C., Bernbaum, J. C., Eisenberg, J. M., et al.,, Costs incurred by parents of very low birth weight infants after the initial neonatal hospitalization, PediatricsPediatrics, 88, 533-541, 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McHaffie, H. E., Neonatal intensive care support systems, Nursing times, 87, 54-55, 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McHaffie, H. E., Social support in the neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, 279-287, 1992</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McIntosh,J., Shute,J., The process of health visiting and its contribution to parental support in the Starting Well demonstration project, Health and Social Care in the Community, 15, 77-85, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative survey method</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McLoughlin, A., Hillier, V. F., Robinson, M. J., Parental costs of neonatal visiting, Archives of Disease in Childhood (Fetal and Neonatal Edition), 68, 597-599, 1993</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative research design used</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miles,M.S., Carlson,J., Funk,S.G., Sources of support reported by mothers and fathers of infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit, Neonatal Network - Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 15, 45-52, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not all of the infants were preterm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miyagishima, S., Himuro, N., Kozuka, N., Mori, M., Tsutsumi, H., Family-centered care for preterm infants: Parent and physical therapist perceptions, Pediatrics International, 59, 698-703, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morris,H., Premature birth and online social support: the parents’ perspective, -196, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study not available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morris,Heidi, Bertram,Dale, Therapist utilization of online social support for parents of premature infants, Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 35, 583-598, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nelson, A. M., Bedford, P. J., Mothering a Preterm Infant Receiving NIDCAP Care in a Level III Newborn Intensive Care Unit, J Pediatr NursJournal of pediatric nursing, 31, e271-e282, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Niela-Vilen, H., Axelin, A., Melender, H. L., et al.,, Aiming to be a breastfeeding mother in a neonatal intensive care unit and at home: a thematic analysis of peer-support group discussion in social media, Maternal and Child Nutrition, 11, 712-726, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Noergaard, B., Ammentorp, J., Fenger-Gron, J., Kofoed, P. E., Johannessen, H., Fathers’ Needs and Masculinity Dilemmas in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Denmark, Advances in Neonatal Care, 17, E13-E22, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nottage, S. L., Parents’ use of nonmedical support services in the neonatal intensive care unit, Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 28, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nyqvist, K. H., Sjoden, P. O., Ewald, U., Mothers’ advice about facilitating breastfeeding in a neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association, 10, 237-243, 1994</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than 2/3 of the infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Padden, T., Glenn, S., Maternal experiences of preterm birth and neonatal intensive care, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 15, 121-139, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paredes, S. D., Frank, D. I., Nurse/parent role perceptions in care of neonatal intensive care unit infants: implications for the advanced practice nurse, Clinical excellence for nurse practitioners : the international journal of NPACE, 4, 294-301, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative survey method</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parker, L., Mothers’ experience of receiving counselling/psychotherapy on a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 17, 182-189, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peeler, A., Fulbrook, P., Kildea, S., The experiences of parents and nurses of hospitalised infants requiring oxygen therapy for severe bronchiolitis: A phenomenological study, Journal of Child Health CareJ Child Health Care, 19, 216-228, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants were not preterm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pepper, D., Rempel, G., Austin, W., et al.,, More than information: a qualitative study of parents’ perspectives on neonatal intensive care at the extremes of prematurity, Advances in Neonatal Care, 12, 303-309, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Number of infants on respiratory support was not specified</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Provenzi, L., Santoro, E., The lived experience of fathers of preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a systematic review of qualitative studies, J Clin NursJournal of clinical nursing, 24, 1784-1794, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prudhoe,C.M., Peters,D.L., Social support of parents and grandparents in the neonatal intensive care unit, Pediatric Nursing, 21, 140-146, 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than 2/3 of infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reid,S., Support for parents anticipating premature birth, Neonatal, Paediatric and Child Health Nursing, 1, 18-22, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative survey method</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reis, M. D., Rempel, G. R., Scott, S. D., Brady-Fryer, B. A., Van Aerde, J., Developing nurse/parent relationships in the NICU through negotiated partnership, JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 39, 675-683, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rhoads, S. J., Green, A., Gauss, C. H., Mitchell, A., Pate, B., Web Camera Use of Mothers and Fathers When Viewing Their Hospitalized Neonate, Advances in Neonatal Care, 15, 440-446, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roman,L.A., Lindsay,J.K., Boger,R.P., DeWys,M., Beaumont,E.J., Jones,A.S., Haas,B., Parent-to-parent support initiated in the neonatal intensive care unit, Research in Nursing and Health, 18, 385-394, 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rosenbaum, J. L., Smith, J. R., Zollfrank, R., Neonatal end-of-life spiritual support care, Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 25, 61-9; quiz 70-1, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proportion of infants on respiratory support not specified</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rossman, B., Engstrom, J. L., Meier, P. P., Vonderheid, S. C., Norr, K. F., Hill, P. D., “they†™ve walked in my shoes― : mothers of very low birth weight infants and their experiences with breastfeeding peer counselors in the neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Human Lactation, 27, 14-24 11p, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rossman, B., Greene, M. M., Meier, P. P., The role of peer support in the development of maternal identity for “NICU Moms", Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 44, 3-16, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rowe,J., Jones,L., Facilitating transitions. Nursing support for parents during the transfer of preterm infants between neonatal nurseries, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 782-789, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Russell, G., Sawyer, A., Rabe, H., Abbott, J., Gyte, G., Duley, L., Ayers, S., Very Preterm Birth Qualitative Collaborative, Group, Parents’ views on care of their very premature babies in neonatal intensive care units: a qualitative study, BMC PediatrBMC pediatrics, 14, 230, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Russell, Judith Bornstein, The Building of a Trust Relationship between a Nurse and Parent in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ph.D., 171 p-171 p, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sadeghi, N., Hasanpour, M., Heidarzadeh, M., Information and communication needs of parents in infant end-of-life: A qualitative study, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18 (6) (no pagination), 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sawyer, A., Rabe, H., Abbott, J., Ayers, S., Gyte, G., Duley, L., Parents’ satisfaction with care during the birth of their very preterm baby: A qualitative study, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 97, A488, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Servel, A. C., Rideau Batista Novais, A., Single-family rooms for neonatal intensive care units impacts on preterm newborns, families, and health-care staff. A systematic literature review, Archives de Pediatrie, 23, 921-926, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shahheidari, M., Homer, C., Impact of the Design of Neonatal Intensive Care Units on Neonates, Staff, and Families A Systematic Literature Review, Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 26, 260-266, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shelkowitz, E., Vessella, S. L., O’Reilly, P., Tucker, R., Lechner, B. E., Counseling for personal care options at neonatal end of life: a quantitative and qualitative parent survey, BMC Palliative Care, 14, 70, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Silva, D., Silva, E., Vieira, N., Parents’ experience during the hospitalization of their premature newborn, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 27, 396-397, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Simpson, C., Support for women feeding their premature babies, MIDIRS Study Day, 1992</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sisk, P., Quandt, S., Parson, N., et al.,, Breast milk expression and maintenance in mothers of very low birth weight infants: supports and barriers, Journal of Human Lactation, 26, 368-375, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Song, C., Patel, R. M., Hunt, L., Gillaspy, S., Willeitner, A., The virtual nicu: Using social media tools to reduce stress and increase satisfaction in parents of very low birth weight infants, Journal of Investigative Medicine, 61 (2), 432-433, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stacey, Sarah, Osborn, Mike, Salkovskis, Paul, Life is a rollercoaster†¦What helps parents cope with the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)?, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 21, 136-141, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stevens,E.E., Gazza,E., Pickler,R., Parental experience learning to feed their preterm infants, Advances in Neonatal Care, 14, 354-361, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants on mechanical ventilation were excluded</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Szlachetka, D. M., Family-focused briefs. Bridging the language barrier, Advances in Neonatal Care (Elsevier Science), 1, 57-57, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treherne, S. C., Feeley, N., Charbonneau, L., Axelin, A., Parents’ Perspectives of Closeness and Separation With Their Preterm Infants in the NICU, 46, 737-747, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified in infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tsironi, Spyridoula, Bovaretos, Nikolaos, Tsoumakas, Konstantinos, Giannakopoulou, Margarita, Matziou, Vassiliki, Factors affecting parental satisfaction in the neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 18, 183-192, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants were not preterm neonates</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turner, M., Chur-Hansen, A., Winefield, H., Mothers’ experiences of the NICU and a NICU support group programme, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 33, 165-179, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turner,M., Winefield,H., Chur-Hansen,A., The emotional experiences and supports for parents with babies in a neonatal nursery, Advances in Neonatal Care, 13, 438-446, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Twaddell, Jennifer W., Parent education needs of infants with complex life-threatening illnesses, Ph.D., 262 p-262 p, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than 2/3 of infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Van De Vijver, M., Bertaud, S., Nailor, S., Marais, G., Baby diaries: A tool to improve parental communication in the neonatal unit, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 99, A81-A82, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">van der Pal, S. M., Maguire, C. M., le Cessie, S., et al.,, Parental experiences during the first period at the neonatal unit after two developmental care interventions, Acta PaediatricaActa Paediatr, 96, 1611-1616, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vasquez, V., Cong, X., Dejong, A., Maternal and paternal knowledge and perceptions regarding infant pain in the NICU, Neonatal Network: the Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 34, 337-344, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative survey design of non-preterm infants</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vazquez, V., Cong, X., Parenting the NICU infant: A meta-ethnographic synthesis, International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 1, 281-290, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Verbiest, Sarah, McClain, Erin, Stuebe, Alison, Menard, M., Postpartum health services requested by mothers with newborns receiving intensive care, Maternal and child health journal, 20, S125-S131, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Focus was on supports for the mothers’ health</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Voos, K. C., Ross, G., Ward, M. J., Yohay, A. L., Osorio, S. N., Perlman, J. M., Effects of implementing family-centered rounds (FCRs) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 24, 1-4, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ward, F. R., Parents and professionals in the NICU: communication within the context of ethical decision making-an integrative review, Neonatal NetwNeonatal network : NN, 24, 25-33, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ward, K., Perceived needs of parents of critically ill infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Pediatric nursing, 27, 281-286, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative study method</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weimers, L., Kristin Svensson, K., Dumas, L., et al.,, Hands-on approach during breastfeeding support in a neonatal intensive care unit: a qualitative study of Swedish mothers’ experiences, International Breastfeeding JournalInt Breastfeed J, 1, 11, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s2.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>All economic studies were excluded at the initial title and abstract screening stage.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s3"><h4>Excluded studies for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><div id="ch6.appk.s3.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><div id="ch6.appk.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appk.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aliabadi, F., Kamali, M., Borimnejad, L., Rassafiani, M., Rasti, M., Shafaroodi, N., Rafii, F., Askari Kachoosangi, R., Parental self-support: A study of parents’ confront strategy when giving birth to premature infants, Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of IranMed J Islam Repub Iran, 28, 82, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alur, P., Cirelli, J., Goodstein, M., Bell, T., Liss, J., Audiovisual Presentations on a Handheld PC are Preferred As an Educational Tool by NICU Parents, Applied Clinical InformaticsAppl Clin Inform, 1, 142-8, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amorim, M., Alves, E., Barros, H., Silva, S., Parental roles and needs in neonatal intensive care: a review of Portuguese guidelines, Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 21, 2583-2594, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arnold, L., Sawyer, A., Rabe, H., Abbott, J., Gyte, G., Duley, L., Ayers, S., Very Preterm Birth Qualitative, Col, Parents’ first moments with their very preterm babies: a qualitative study, BMJ OpenBMJ open, 3, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Axelin, A., Lehtonen, L., Pelander, T., et al.,, Mothers’ different styles of involvement in preterm infant pain care, JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 39, 415-424, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than 2/3 on respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ballantyne, M., Orava, T., Bernardo, S., McPherson, A. C., Church, P., Fehlings, D., Parents’ early healthcare transition experiences with preterm and acutely ill infants: a scoping review, 30, 30, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bass, L. S., What do parents need when their infant is a patient in the NICU?, Neonatal NetwNeonatal network : NN, 10, 25-33, 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bracht,M., O’Leary,L., Lee,S.K., O’Brien,K., Implementing family-integrated care in the NICU: a parent education and support program, Advances in Neonatal Care, 13, 115-126, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants did not require respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Branchett, K., Stretton, J., Neonatal palliative and end of life care: What parents want from professionals, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 18, 40-44, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brazy, J. E., Anderson, B. M. H., Becker, P. T., et al.,, How parents of premature infants gather information and obtain support, Neonatal Network: the Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 20, 41-48, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brett,J., Staniszewska,S., Newburn,M., Jones,N., Taylor,L., A systematic mapping review of effective interventions for communicating with, supporting and providing information to parents of preterm infants, BMJ Open, 1, e000023-, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brodsgaard, A., Helth, T., Andersen, B. L., Petersen, M., Rallying the Troops: How Sharing Knowledge With Grandparents Supports the Family of the Preterm Infant in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Advances in Neonatal Care, 17, E1-E10, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Broom, M., Davies, D., Smith, J., Abdel-Latif, M. E., Participating in clinical bedside rounds: The perspective of parents and staff members, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 50, 72, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Broom, M., Mebberson, K., Zsuzsoka, K., Families’ experiences in a two-cot nicu, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 51, 13, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Casper, C., Caeymaex, L., Dicky, O., Akrich, M., Reynaud, A., Bouvard, C., Evrard, A., Kuhn, P., Allen, A., Brandicourt, A., Duboz, M. A., Fichtner, C., Girard, L., Gonnaud, F., Haumont, D., Huppi, P., Isaia, S., Knezovic, N., Legouais, S., Mons, F., Pelofy, V., Picaud, J. C., Pierrat, V., Renesme, L., Sizun, J., Souet, G., Thiriez, G., Truffert, P., Zaoui, C., Zores, C., Parental perception of their involvement in the care of their children in French neonatal units, Archives de Pediatrie, 23, 974-982, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cescutti-Butler, L., Galvin, K., Parents’ perceptions of staff competency in a neonatal intensive care unit, J Clin NursJournal of clinical nursing, 12, 752-761, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not pertain to information and formats parents preferred</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chiodi, L. C., Aredes, N. D. A., Scochi, C. G. S., Fonseca, L. M. M., Health education and the family of the premature baby: an integrative review, Acta Paulista De Enfermagem, 25, 969-974, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chivers, S., Warr, L., Francis, S., Mohinuddin, S., Information needs of parents with babies on neonatal units, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 101, A253, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Choi, J., Bakken, S., Web-based education for low-literate parents in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Development of a website and heuristic evaluation and usability testing, International Journal of Medical Informatics, 79, 565-575, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Choi, J., Starren, J. B., Bakken, S., Web-based educational resources for low literacy families in the NICU, Amia .., Annual Symposium proceedings / AMIA Symposium. AMIA Symposium., 922, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Participating in clinical bedside rounds: The perspective of parents and staff members</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clark, David A., Ensher, Gail L., Born too early, 57-71, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cleveland, L. M., Parenting in the neonatal intensive care unit, JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 37, 666-691, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review; individual studies did not pertain to preterm infants requiring respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coppola,G., Cassibba,R., Bosco,A., Papagna,S., In search of social support in the NICU: Features, benefits and antecedents of parents’ tendency to share with others the premature birth of their baby, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 26, 1737-1741, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Currie, E. R., Christian, B. J., Hinds, P. S., Perna, S. J., Robinson, C., Day, S., Meneses, K., Parent Perspectives of Neonatal Intensive Care at the End-of-Life, J Pediatr NursJournal of pediatric nursing, 31, 478-489, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">De Rouck, S., Leys, M., Illness trajectory and Internet as a health information and communication channel used by parents of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69, 1489-99, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Deeney, K., Lohan, M., Spence, D., Parkes, J., Experiences of fathering a baby admitted to neonatal intensive care: A critical gender analysis, Social Science and Medicine, 75, 1106-1113, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dhillon, A. S., Albersheim, S. G., Alsaad, S., Pargass, N. S., Zupancic, J. A. F., Internet use and perceptions of information reliability by parents in a neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Perinatology, 23, 420-424, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diaz, Z., Caires, S., Experiences of parents of infants admitted in unit neonatology: A perspective of parents and health professionals, Atencion Primaria, 45, 178, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doron,Mia Wechsler, Trenti-Paroli,Emma, Linden,Dana Wechsler, Supporting parents in the NICU: A new app from the US, ‘Mypreemie’: A tool to provide parents of premature babies with support, empowerment, education and participation in their infant’s care, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 19, 303-307, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dzubaty, Dolores R., Supporting neonatal intensive care unit parents through social media, J Perinat Neonatal NursThe Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 30, 214-217, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epstein, E. G., Arechiga, J., Dancy, M., et al.,, Integrative Review of Technology to Support Communication With Parents of Infants in the NICU, JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 46, 357-366, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epstein, E. G., Miles, A., Rovnyak, V., Baernholdt, M., Parents’ Perceptions of Continuity of Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Pilot Testing an Instrument and Implications for the Nurse-Parent Relationship, Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal NursingJ Perinat Neonatal Nurs, 27, 168-175, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epstein, Elizabeth Gingell, Sherman, Jessica, Blackman, Amy, Sinkin, Robert A., Testing the feasibility of Skype and FaceTime updates with parents in the neonatal intensive care unit, American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 290-296, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eriksson, H., Salzmann-Erikson, M., Supporting a caring fatherhood in cyberspace - an analysis of communication about caring within an online forum for fathers, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27, 63-69, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley, N., Sherrard, K., Waitzer, E., Boisvert, L., The father at the bedside: Patterns of involvement in the NICU, Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 27, 72-80, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fegran, L., Fagermoen, M. S., Helseth, S., Development of parent-nurse relationships in neonatal intensive care units-from closeness to detachment, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 64, 363-71, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fegran, Liv, Helseth, Solvi, The parent nurse relationship in the neonatal intensive care unit context - closeness and emotional involvement, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 23, 667-673, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fenwick, J., Barclay, L., Schmied, V., ‘Chatting’: an important clinical tool in facilitating mothering in neonatal nurseries, Journal of advanced nursing, 33, 583-593, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fenwick, J., Barclay, L., Schmied, V., Struggling to mother: a consequence of inhibitive nursing interactions in the neonatal nursery, J Perinat Neonatal NursThe Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 15, 49-64, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fenwick, J., Barclay, L., Schmied, V., Learning and playing the game: women’s experiences of mothering in the level II nursery, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 8, 58-64, 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ferecini, G. M., Fonseca, L. M. M., Leite, A. M., Dare, M. F., Assis, C. S., Scochi, C. G. S., Perceptions of mothers of premature babies regarding their experience with a health educational program, Acta Paulista De Enfermagem, 22, 250-256, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Flacking, R., Thomson, G., Axelin, A., Pathways to emotional closeness in neonatal units - a cross-national qualitative study, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16 (1) (no pagination), 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not pertain to the information and format that parents want</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frank, D. I., Paredes, S. D., Curtin, J., Perceptions of parent and nurse relationships and attitudes of parental participation in caring for infants in the NICU, The Florida nurse, 45, 9-10, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frisman, Gunilla H., Eriksson, Carrie, Pernehed, Sara, Morelius, Evalotte, The experience of becoming a grandmother to a premature infant - A balancing act, influenced by ambivalent feelings, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21, 3297-3305, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gabbert,T.I., Metze,B., Buhrer,C., Garten,L., Use of social networking sites by parents of very low birth weight infants: Experiences and the potential of a dedicated site, European Journal of Pediatrics, 172, 1671-1677, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gale, G., Franck, L. S., Kools, S., Lynch, M., Parents’ perceptions of their infant’s pain experience in the NICU, Int J Nurs Stud, 41, 51-8, 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gale, G., Franck, L., Lund, C., Skin-to-skin (kangaroo) holding of the intubated premature infant, Neonatal Network, 12, 49-57, 1993</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not pertain to the information and format parents want</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs, Deanna, Boshoff, Kobie, Lane, Alison, Understanding parenting occupations in neonatal intensive care: application of the Person-Environment-Occupation Model, The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 73, 55-63, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a qualitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Globus, O., Leibovitch, L., Maayan-Metzger, A., et al.,, The use of short message services (SMS) to provide medical updating to parents in the NICU, Journal of Perinatology, 36, 739-743, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hadian, Z. S., Sharif, F., Rakhshan, M., Pishva, N., Jahanpour, F., Lived experience of caregivers of family-centered care in the neonatal intensive care unit: “Evocation of being at home", Iran J PediatrIranian journal of pediatrics, 26 (5) (no pagination), 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hall, S. L., Ryan, D. J., Beatty, J., Grubbs, L., Recommendations for peer-to-peer support for NICU parents, Journal of Perinatology, 35, S9-S13, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harvey, M. E., Nongena, P., Gonzalez-Cinca, N., Edwards, A. D., Redshaw, M. E., Parents’ experiences of information and communication in the neonatal unit about brain imaging and neurological prognosis: A qualitative study, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 102, 360-365, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hawkes, G. A., Livingstone, V., Ryan, C. A., Dempsey, E. M., Perceptions of webcams in the neonatal intensive care unit: Here’s looking at you kid!, American Journal of Perinatology, 30, 131-136, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hayes, G. R., Cheng, K. G., Hirano, S. H., Tang, K. P., Nagel, M. S., Baker, D. E., Estrellita: A Mobile Capture and Access Tool for the Support of Preterm Infants and Their Caregivers, Acm Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 21, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants were at home, not in NICU</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heermann, J. A., Wilson, M. E., Wilhelm, P. A., Mothers in the NICU: outsider to partner, Pediatric Nursing, 31, 176-81, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants were on respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hendriks, M. J., Abraham, A., End-of-Life Decision Making for Parents of Extremely Preterm Infants, 46, 727-736, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hingley, S. R., Das Nair, R., Glazebrook, C., Fathers’ experiences of interacting with their preterm infants, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 54, 25-26, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holbrook, S., Howlett, A., Hicks, M., Buddhavarapu, S., Hart, K., Boulton, J., Parent reports of stressful experiences in a shared room versus a single family room nicu, Paediatrics and Child Health (Canada), 20 (5), e59, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holman, K., Di Giulio, N., Parent education in the liverpool neonatal intensive care unit: The occupational therapy and physiotherapy perspective, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 48, 83-84, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hughes, M., McCollum, J., Sheftel, D., Sanchez, G., How parents cope with the experience of neonatal intensive care, Children’s health care : journal of the Association for the Care of Children’s Health, 23, 1-14, 1994</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurst, I., One size does not fit all - Parents’ evaluations of a support program in a newborn intensive care nursery, Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal NursingJ Perinat Neonatal Nurs, 20, 252-261, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurst, I., Vigilant watching over: mothers’ actions to safeguard their premature babies in the newborn intensive care nursery, The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 15, 39-57, 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurst, I., Carvajal, S., Boelter, M., Primary topics of discussion in a support group for parents of infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care nursery, Neonatal Network, 14, 72-72, 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hwang, Sunah, Rybin, Denis, Heeren, Timothy, Colson, Eve, Corwin, Michael, Trust in Sources of Advice about Infant Care Practices: The SAFE Study, Maternal & Child Health JournalMatern Child Health J, 20, 1956-1964, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ignell Mode, R., Mard, E., Nyqvist, K. H., Blomqvist, Y. T., Fathers’ perception of information received during their infants’ stay at a neonatal intensive care unit, Sexual & reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives, 5, 131-6, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ikonen, R., Paavilainen, E., Kaunonen, M., Trying to Live With Pumping: Expressing Milk for Preterm or Small for Gestational Age Infants, Mcn, The American journal of maternal child nursing. 41, 110-115, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jackson, K., Ternestedt, B. M., Schollin, J., From alienation to familiarity: experiences of mothers and fathers of preterm infants, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 43, 120-9, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Does not pertain to the information and format that parents value</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jones, L., Woodhouse, D., Rowe, J., Effective nurse parent communication: A study of parents’ perceptions in the NICU environment, Patient Education and Counseling, 69, 206-212, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants requiring mechanical ventilation were excluded</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kadivar, M., Seyedfatemi, N., Mokhlesabadi Farahani, T., Mehran, A., Pridham, K. F., Effectiveness of an internet-based education on maternal satisfaction in NICUs, Patient Education and Counseling, 100, 943-949, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kantrowitz-Gordon, I., Altman, M. R., Vandermause, R., Prolonged Distress of Parents After Early Preterm Birth, J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal NursJournal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN, 45, 196-209, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kantrowitz-Gordon, Ira, Distress after preterm birth: A discourse analysis of parents’ accounts and photographs, Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 75, No Pagination Specified, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than 2/3 of infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kerr, S., King, C., Hogg, R., et al.,, Transition to parenthood in the neonatal care unit: a qualitative study and conceptual model designed to illuminate parent and professional views of the impact of webcam technology, BMC PediatrBMC pediatrics, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kim, H. N., Wyatt, T. H., Li, X., Gaylord, M., Use of Social Media by Fathers of Premature Infants, J Perinat Neonatal NursThe Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 30, 359-366, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">King, C., Kerr, S., Hogg, R., McPherson, K. E., Hanley, J., Brierton, M., Ainsworth, S., Evaluation of a new e-health intervention in neonatal care: Perspectives of parents and health professionals, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 101, A95, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koh, Tieh Hee Hai Guan, Smartphones improve communication with parents in NICU, The Lancet, 381, 535-536, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kowalski,W.J., Leef,K.H., Mackley,A., Spear,M.L., Paul,D.A., Communicating with parents of premature infants: who is the informant?, Journal of Perinatology, 26, 44-48, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lantz, Bjorn, Ottosson, Cornelia, Parental interaction with infants treated with medical technology, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27, 597-607, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lasiuk,G.C., Comeau,T., Newburn-Cook,C., Unexpected: an interpretive description of parental traumas’ associated with preterm birth, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13 Suppl 1, S13-, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee, J. Y., Du, Y. L. E., Coki, O., Flynn, J. T., Starren, J., Chiang, M. F., Parental perceptions toward digital imaging and telemedicine for retinopathy of prematurity management, Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 248, 141-147, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee, S. Y., Weiss, S. J., When east meets west: Intensive care unit experiences among first-generation Chinese American parents, Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 41, 268-275, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee, T. Y., Lee, T. T., Kuo, S. C., The experiences of mothers in breastfeeding their very low birth weight infants, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65, 2523-2531, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lerner, Claire, Ciervo, Lynette, Parlakian, Rebecca, Little Kids, Big Questions: Using Technology to Inform and Support Parents and Professionals, Zero to Three, 32, 4-5, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Children were not preterm; quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lessen, R., Crivelli-Kovach, A., Prediction of initiation and duration of breast-feeding for neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 21, 256-266, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindberg, B., Access to videoconferencing in providing support to parents of preterm infants: Ascertaining parental views, The Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 19, 259-265, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindberg, B., Axelsson, K., Ohrling, K., Adjusting to being a father to an infant born prematurely: Experiences from Swedish fathers, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 22, 79-85, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindberg, B., Ohrling, K., Experiences of having a prematurely born infant from the perspective of mothers in northern Sweden, International journal of circumpolar health, 67, 461-471, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindberg, Birgitta, Axelsson, Karin, Ohrling, Kerstin, The birth of premature infants: Experiences from the fathers’ perspective, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 13, 142-149, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Loo, K. K., Espinosa, M., Tyler, R., Howard, J., Using knowledge to cope with stress in the NICU: how parents integrate learning to read the physiologic and behavioral cues of the infant, Neonatal NetwNeonatal network : NN, 22, 31-37, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a qualitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lopes, P., Franca, A., Andrade, L., To touch my child: The experience of mothers in a NICU, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 27, 395, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lucas, R., Paquette, R., Briere, C. E., et al.,, Furthering our understanding of the needs of mothers who are pumping breast milk for infants in the NICU: an integrative review, Advances in Neonatal Care, 14, 241-252, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population was not parents of preterm infants</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lyndon, A., Wisner, K., Holschuh, C., Fagan, K. M., Franck, L. S., Parents’ Perspectives on Navigating the Work of Speaking Up in the NICU, 46, 716-726, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than half the infants were premature</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MacDonald,Margaret, Mothers of pre-term infants in neonate intensive care, Early Child Development and Care, 177, 821-838, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not pertain to the information and formats parents value</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macdonell, Kristy, Omrin, Danielle, Pytlik, Kasia, Pezzullo, Sam, Bracht, Marianne, Diambomba, Yenge, An effective communication initiative: Using parents’ experiences to improve the delivery of difficult news in the NICU, Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 21, 142-149, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not interview parents</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macdonell,K., Christie,K., Robson,K., Pytlik,K., Lee,S.K., O’Brien,K., Implementing family-integrated care in the NICU: engaging veteran parents in program design and delivery, Advances in Neonatal Care, 13, 262-269, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macnab, A. J., Beckett, L. Y., Park, C. C., et al.,, Journal writing as a social support strategy for parents of premature infants: a pilot study, Patient Education and Counseling, 33, 149-159, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mannix,T.G., French,J., Parental support in the NICU: A systematic review of the evidence, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 50, 95-, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martel, M. J., Milette, I., Bell, L., Tribble, D. S., Payot, A., Establishment of the Relationship Between Fathers and Premature Infants in Neonatal Units, Advances in Neonatal Care, 16, 390-398, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maypole, J., Trozzi, M., Augustyn, M., Prematurity and Parental Expectations: Too Early and Now Too Much, Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 32, 341-343, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McHaffie, H. E., Social support in the neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, 279-287, 1992</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mckinnon,Kathleen Marie, Sources of stress and support among mothers of very low birth weight infants, Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 58, 2161-, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meyer, E. C., Brodsky, D., Hansen, A. R., Lamiani, G., Sellers, D. E., Browning, D. M., An interdisciplinary, family-focused approach to relational learning in neonatal intensive care, Journal of Perinatology, 31, 212-219, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miles,M.S., Carlson,J., Funk,S.G., Sources of support reported by mothers and fathers of infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit, Neonatal Network - Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 15, 45-52, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miles,M.S., Funk,S.G., Kasper,M.A., The stress response of mothers and fathers of preterm infants, Research in Nursing and Health, 15, 261-269, 1992</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Less than 2/3 required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miracle, D. J., Meier, P. P., Bennett, P. A., Mothers’ decisions to change from formula to mothers’ milk for very-low-birth-weight infants, Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 33, 692-703, 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Miyagishima, S., Himuro, N., Kozuka, N., Mori, M., Tsutsumi, H., Family-centered care for preterm infants: Parent and physical therapist perceptions, Pediatrics International, 59, 698-703, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mok,E., Leung,S.F., Nurses as providers of support for mothers of premature infants, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15, 726-734, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morey, Jo Ann, Gregory, Katherine, Nurse-led education mitigates maternal stress and enhances knowledge in the NICU, MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 37, 182-191, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morris, Heidi, Premature birth and online social support: The parents’ perspective, Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 70, 703, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mouradian, Le, DeGrace, Bw, Thompson, Dm, Art-based occupation group reduces parent anxiety in the neonatal intensive care unit: A mixed-methods study, American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67, 692-700., 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nicolaou,M., Rosewell,R., Marlow,N., Glazebrook,C., Mothers’ experiences of interacting with their premature infants, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 27, 182-194, 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Niela-Vilen, H., Axelin, A., Melender, H. L., et al.,, Aiming to be a breastfeeding mother in a neonatal intensive care unit and at home: a thematic analysis of peer-support group discussion in social media, Maternal and Child Nutrition, 11, 712-726, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Noergaard, B., Ammentorp, J., Fenger-Gron, J., Kofoed, P. E., Johannessen, H., Thibeau, S., Fathers’ Needs and Masculinity Dilemmas in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Denmark, Advances in Neonatal Care, 17, E13-E22, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nottage, S. L., Parents’ use of nonmedical support services in the neonatal intensive care unit, Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 28, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nyqvist, K. H., Sjoden, P. O., Ewald, U., Mothers’ advice about facilitating breastfeeding in a neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association, 10, 237-243, 1994</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants requiring respiratory support were excluded</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Olsson, E., Eriksson, M., Anderzen-Carlsson, A., Skin-to-Skin Contact Facilitates More Equal Parenthood - A Qualitative Study From Fathers’ Perspective, J Pediatr NursJournal of pediatric nursing, 34, e2-e9, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">O’Sullivan, B., Douglas, L., Jacobs, S., Davis, P., Eye contact or icontact: How do parents prefer to receive information in neonatal intensive and special care (NISC)?, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 49, 127, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Padden, T., Glenn, S., Maternal experiences of preterm birth and neonatal intensive care, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 15, 121-139, 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parker, L., Mothers’ experience of receiving counselling/psychotherapy on a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 17, 182-189, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pepper,D., Rempel,G., Austin,W., Ceci,C., Hendson,L., More than information: a qualitative study of parents’ perspectives on neonatal intensive care at the extremes of prematurity, Advances in Neonatal Care, 12, 303-309, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify how many infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perlman, N. B., Freedman, J. L., Abramovitch, R., Whyte, H., Kirpalani, H., Perlman, M., Informational needs of parents of sick neonates, Pediatrics, 88, 512-8, 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pichler-Stachl, E., Pichler, G., Baik, N., Urlesberger, B., Alexander, A., Urlesberger, P., Cheung, P. Y., Schmolzer, G. M., Maternal stress after preterm birth: Impact of length of antepartum hospital stay, Women and Birth, 29, E105-E109, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pohlman, S., When worlds collide: The meanings of work and fathering among fathers of premature infants, Ph.D., 330 p-330 p, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not pertain to the information and format that parents value</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prendergast, Carol C., Perceptions of parenting experiences in the neonatal intensive care unit by parents of very low birth weight premature infants, Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 61, 3308, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pridham, K. F., Limbo, R., Schroeder, M., Thoyre, S., Van Riper, M., Guided participation and development of care-giving competencies for families of low birth-weight infants, Journal of advanced nursing, 28, 948-958, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Provenzi, L., Santoro, E., The lived experience of fathers of preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a systematic review of qualitative studies, J Clin NursJournal of clinical nursing, 24, 1784-1794, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prudhoe,C.M., Peters,D.L., Social support of parents and grandparents in the neonatal intensive care unit, Pediatric Nursing, 21, 140-146, 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pusins, J. M., Alduraibi, A. M., Psychological impact of the NICU environment: It’s more than meets the eye, Dysphagia, 32 (1), 202, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raiskila, S., Lehtonen, L., Tandberg, B. S., Normann, E., Ewald, U., Caballero, S., Varendi, H., Toome, L., Nordhov, M., Hallberg, B., Westrup, B., Montirosso, R., Axelin, A., Scene Res Grp, Parent and nurse perceptions on the quality of family-centred care in 11 European NICUs, Australian Critical CareAust Crit Care, 29, 201-209, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rhoads, S. J., Green, A., Gauss, C., et al.,, Web camera use of mothers and fathers when viewing their hospitalized neonate, Advances in Neonatal Care, 15, 440-446, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rieves, Priscilla, The lived experiences of transition to parenthood for parents of preterm infants, Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 76, No Pagination Specified, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rolfe, S. A., Armstrong, K. J., Early childhood professionals as a source of social support: The role of parent-professional communication, Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 35, 60-67, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roman, Lee Anne, Lindsay, Judith K., Boger, Robert P., DeWys, Mary, Beaumont, Ed J., Jones, Alan S., Haas, Bruce, Parent-to-parent support initiated in the neonatal intensive care unit, Research in nursing & health, 18, 385-394, 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rosenstock, A., van Manen, M., Adolescent parenting in the neonatal intensive care unit, J Adolesc HealthThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 55, 723-9, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rossman, B., Greene, M. M., Meier, P. P., The role of peer support in the development of maternal identity for “NICU Moms", Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 44, 3-16, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rossman, B., Meier, P. P., Janes, J. E., Lawrence, C., Patel, A. L., Human Milk Provision Experiences, Goals, and Outcomes for Teen Mothers with Low-Birth-Weight Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Breastfeeding Medicine, 12, 351-358, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rouck, S., Leys, M., Illness trajectory and Internet as a health information and communication channel used by parents of infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of advanced nursing, 69, 1489-1499, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Number of infants requiring respiratory support not specified</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Russell, G., Sawyer, A., Rabe, H., Abbott, J., Gyte, G., Duley, L., Ayers, S., Very Preterm Birth Qualitative Collaborative, Group, Parents’ views on care of their very premature babies in neonatal intensive care units: a qualitative study, BMC PediatrBMC pediatrics, 14, 230, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sartore, Gina, Lagioia, Vince, Mildon, Robyn, Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schenk, L. K., Kelley, J. H., Mothering an extremely low birth-weight infant: A phenomenological study, Advances in Neonatal Care, 10, 88-97, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schuster, M. A., Duan, N., Regalado, M., Klein, D., Anticipatory guidance - What information do parents receive? What information do they want?, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent MedicineArch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 154, 1191-1198, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shah, V., O’Brien, K., Bracht, M., Warre, R., Ho, V., Chen, C., Davey, C., Ying, E., Campbell, D., Chisamore, B., Lee, S., “Family integrated care” in level II NICUs: Perspectives of administrators, healthcare personnel, and parents regarding implementation, Paediatrics and Child Health (Canada), 20 (5), e70, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shahheidari, M., Homer, C., Impact of the design of neonatal intensive care units on neonates, staff, and families: A systematic literature review, Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 26, 260-266, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shaw, C., Stokoe, E., Gallagher, K., Aladangady, N., Marlow, N., Parental involvement in neonatal critical care decision-making, Sociology of Health & IllnessSociol Health Illn, 38, 1217-1242, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants were not preterm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sheeran, N., Jones, L., Rowe, J., Joys and challenges of motherhood for Australian young women of preterm and full-term infants: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 33, 512-527, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Silva, D., Silva, E., Vieira, N., Parents’ experience during the hospitalization of their premature newborn, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 27, 396-397, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sisk, P., Quandt, S., Parson, N., et al.,, Breast milk expression and maintenance in mothers of very low birth weight infants: supports and barriers, Journal of Human Lactation, 26, 368-375, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sisson, H., Jones, C., Williams, R., Lachanudis, L., Metaethnographic Synthesis of Fathers’ Experiences of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Environment During Hospitalization of Their Premature Infants, Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG, 44, 471-480, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if babies required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Skene,C., Franck,L., Curtis,P., Gerrish,K., Parental Involvement in Neonatal Comfort Care, JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 41, 786-797, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith,J.R., Jamerson,P.A., Bernaix,L.W., Schmidt,C.A., Seiter,L., Fathers’ perceptions of supportive behaviors for the provision of breast milk to premature infants, Advances in Neonatal Care, 6, 341-348, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sommer, C. M., Cook, C. M., Disrupted bonds - parental perceptions of regionalised transfer of very preterm infants: a small-scale study, Contemporary nurse, 50, 256-266, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respirator support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Song, C., Patel, R. M., Hunt, L., Gillaspy, S., Willeitner, A., The virtual nicu: Using social media tools to reduce stress and increase satisfaction in parents of very low birth weight infants, Journal of Investigative Medicine, 61 (2), 432-433, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stevens,E.E., Gazza,E., Pickler,R., Parental experience learning to feed their preterm infants, Advances in Neonatal Care, 14, 354-361, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants requiring mechanical ventilation were excluded from study inclusion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Swartz,M.K., Parenting preterm infants: a meta-synthesis, MCN, American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 30, 115-120, 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tracey, Norma, Parents of premature infants: Their emotional world, xvi, 310, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Full text unavailable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treherne, S. C., Feeley, N., Charbonneau, L., Axelin, A., Parents’ Perspectives of Closeness and Separation With Their Preterm Infants in the NICU, 46, 737-747, 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Did not specify if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turner, M., Supporting the neonatal intensive care parent - Research into parental supports and perceptions of the intensive care experience in Australia, European Psychiatry. Conference: 18th European Congress of Psychiatry. Munich Germany. Conference Publication:, 25, 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turner, Melanie, Chur-Hansen, Anna, Winefield, Helen, Mothers’ experiences of the NICU and a NICU support group programme, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 33, 165-179, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turner,M., Winefield,H., Chur-Hansen,A., The emotional experiences and supports for parents with babies in a neonatal nursery, Advances in Neonatal Care, 13, 438-446, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vazquez, V., Cong, X., Parenting the NICU infant: A meta-ethnographic synthesis, International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 1, 281-290, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Voos, K. C., Park, N., Implementing an Open Unit Policy in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses’ and Parents’ Perceptions, Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 28, 313-318, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weems, M. F., Graetz, I., Lan, R., et al.,, Electronic communication preferences among mothers in the neonatal intensive care unit, Journal of Perinatology, 36, 997-1000, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quantitative design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weis, J., Zoffmann, V., Egerod, I., Enhancing person-centred communication in NICU: a comparative thematic analysis, Nursing in Critical Care, 20, 287-98, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wernet, M., Ayres, J. R., Viera, C. S., Leite, A. M., de Mello, D. F., Mother recognition in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 68, 203-9, 228-34, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Whittingham, K., Boyd, R. N., Sanders, M. R., Colditz, P., Parenting and Prematurity: Understanding Parent Experience and Preferences for Support, Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 1050-1061, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wiebe, A., Young, B., Parent perspectives from a neonatal intensive care unit: A missing piece of the culturally congruent care puzzle, Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 22, 77-82, 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert, H., Johansson, R., Berg, M., Hellstrom, A. L., Mothers’ experiences of having their newborn child in a neonatal intensive care unit, Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 20, 35-41, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not specified if infants required respiratory support</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s3.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>All economic studies were excluded at the initial title and abstract screening stage.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appl"><h3>Appendix L. Research recommendations</h3><div id="ch6.appl.s1"><h4>Research recommendations for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><p>
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<b>What is the impact of parental involvement as part of Family integrated care (FIC) or the Newborn individualised developmental care and assessment programme (NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>) on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and length of hospital stay?</b>
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||
</p><p>
|
||
<b>Why this is important</b>
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</p><p>Parents are their baby’s best advocates and carers, a fact that is recognised by the growing implementation of programmes and philosophies of care such as NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> and FIC. Parents’ involvement in caring for their baby contributes to optimum neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, there is insufficient evidence on their impact on oxygen requirements, which may limit lung damage from mechanical ventilation and prolonged oxygen use, and on length of stay (and implicitly hospital costs) and parental satisfaction. Studies are required to determine this, and to identify which aspects of parental involvement have the greatest impact.</p><div id="ch6.appl.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Research recommendation rationale</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appl.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appl.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Research question</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">What is the impact of parental involvement as part of Family integrated care (FIC) or the Newborn individualised developmental care and assessment programme (NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>) on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and length of hospital stay?</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to ‘patients’ or the population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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||
<p>Babies cared for on a neonatal unit who require respiratory support also require attention to their ongoing developmental needs, particularly when the need for support with breathing is over an extended period.</p>
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<p>Preterm babies who require respiratory support may be cared for on the neonatal unit for an extended period of time. This is costly financially for both the family and the hospital as well as being costly emotionally for the parents. Need for prolonged respiratory support also has a negative impact on the baby’s development, including inhibiting progression from tube to oral feeding. For these reasons, reducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia would be beneficial to the baby, family and hospital.</p>
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||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>High priority</p>
|
||
<p>Studies identified as part of the NICE review, indicated that there may be a clinically significant reduction in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and in length of initial hospital admission with NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>; however, the quality of evidence was very low. Future NICE guidance would greatly benefit from more robust studies informing which particular aspects of parental involvement as part of NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> and FIC have most impact on reducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia and length of stay.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There will be a cost saving to the NHS if preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support can be weaned earlier from mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen. There is also a possible cost saving longer-term associated with a reduction in hospital readmission. There will be a cost saving to the NHS if preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support can be discharged home earlier from the neonatal unit.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">National priorities</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Better Births National Maternity Review. Points 4.56-4.58 discuss priorities for neonatal care and state ‘parents should be actively encouraged to participate in their baby’s care on the neonatal unit and in discussions and decision making with the neonatal team.’ <a href="https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/national-maternity-review-report.pdf" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.england.nhs<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.uk/wp-content/uploads<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/2016/02/national-maternity-review-report.pdf</a></p>
|
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<p>The Better Births review also recommends that neonatal services be reviewed separately. This is underway and a draft is currently with NHSE but the Government has committed to consulting on this and it is likely family involvement will be an element given that family centred care is discussed throughout the CRG service specification. <a href="https://www.england.nhs.uk/commissioning/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2015/01/e08-serv-spec-neonatal-critical.pdf" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.england.nhs<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.uk/commissioning<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/wp-content/uploads/sites<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/12/2015/01/e08-serv-spec-neonatal-critical.pdf</a></p>
|
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<p>The British Association of Perinatal Medicine (BAPM) have recently published Neonatal Service Quality Indicators which define features of a high-quality neonatal service, with family-partnership in care being a key tenant. <a href="https://www.bapm.org/sites/default/files/files/NSQI%20FINAL.pdf" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.bapm.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/sites/default/files/files/NSQI%20FINAL<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.pdf</a></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">In the NICE evidence review no robust evidence was identified about the impact of parental involvement as part of FIC or NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> on reduction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or on length of stay.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Currently, there is inconsistent practice both in the delivery of family centred, individualised developmental care and with regard to parental involvement of preterm infants who are receiving respiratory support in neonatal units. Babies and their families have an equal right to high quality, evidenced based care practices which will both improve the baby’s outcome and neonatal experience for the family.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>There is difficulty in carrying out high quality RCTs comparing FIC or NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> with conventional care because of the risk of contamination between the control group and experimental groups. Limitations to carrying out high quality studies include the difficulty in preventing bias; it is difficult to ‘blind’ the randomisation and parents within the control group in previous NIDCAP studies have requested to receive the same care practice observed with babies in the experimental group. Therefore, cohort studies, which do not rely on blinding and randomisation may be more practical for research.</p>
|
||
<p>The ability of families to be present and involved on the neonatal unit may also be a feasibility issue for such studies. For example, FIC may require parental presence for 8 hours per day.</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other comments</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">It has traditionally been difficult to obtain funding for studies looking at developmental care and parental involvement. This is, in part, due to the complexities of carrying out RCTs (see example, above) and, in part, due to the lack of financial incentive for drug or technology companies as the research is not directly related to either.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appl.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Research recommendation modified PICO table</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appl.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appl.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criterion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Explanation</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preterm infants who are receiving respiratory support.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul id="ch6.l401"><li id="ch6.lt479" class="half_rhythm"><div>FIC</div></li><li id="ch6.lt480" class="half_rhythm"><div>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup></div></li></ul>
|
||
This would be difficult to do within one neonatal unit due to risk of bias.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conventional care</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l402"><li id="ch6.lt481" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of stay</div></li><li id="ch6.lt482" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia</div></li><li id="ch6.lt483" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes</div></li><li id="ch6.lt484" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parental confidence (validated scale)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt485" class="half_rhythm"><div>Infant-parent relationship (validated scale)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt486" class="half_rhythm"><div>Transition to oral feeding</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Randomised controlled trial</p>
|
||
<p>Prospective cohort study</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Timeframe</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appl.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 years follow-up</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appl.s2"><h4>Research recommendations for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No research recommendations were made for this review.</p></div><div id="ch6.appl.s3"><h4>Research recommendations for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><p>No research recommendations were made for this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appm"><h3>Appendix M. Economic methodology checklists</h3><div id="ch6.appm.s1"><h4>Economic methodology checklists for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><p id="ch6.appm.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6-appm-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>(in addition to standard care) versus standard care only</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 188K)</span></p></div><div id="ch6.appm.s2"><h4>Economic methodology checklists for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="ch6.appm.s3"><h4>Economic methodology checklists for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.appn"><h3>Appendix N. Qualitative quotes and excerpts</h3><div id="ch6.appn.s1"><h4>Qualitative quotes and excerpts for question 6.1 What parent and carer involvement is effective in the care of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support?</h4><p>Not applicable to this review.</p></div><div id="ch6.appn.s2"><h4>Qualitative quotes and excerpts for question 6.2 What support is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies requiring respiratory support?</h4><div id="ch6.appn.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Theme 1: Social Support</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 1: Friends and Family</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Instrumental support from family and friends, including meal preparation and assistance with household tasks and child care diminished demands, and this in turn provided time for fathers’ involvement.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’I have my in-laws… they are always there, whether it be for moral or practical support.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Parents commonly engaged family and friends for both pragmatic and emotional support… Friends and family members with medical backgrounds and/or NICU experience were particularly emotionally supportive, often serving as key information resources for many parents.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’The family support was also there. You know they were always coming and making sure that there was food in the house and helping to clean.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ardal 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Communication issues can arise as family members and friends struggle to provide support… mothers reported that they felt a lack of empathy for and understanding of the depth of their own anxiety, and of the reality of what their baby was going through”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ardal 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“NICU mothers reported the added burden of educating and reassuring those in their support network who had no familiarity with the situation: ‘Mothers who have gone through the same experience… are the only persons who understand us… and what we went through.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Family and friends who had little familiarity with the NICU were frequently perceived as unhelpful or even burdensome. These individuals often had concerns that reawakened parents’ own worries.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’It was hard to talk to people that weren’t in the immediate family, that weren’t day-to-day following the babies…They had no experience with preemies and … you have to start from the beginning…That put a lot of stress on me.’”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_10_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 2: Counselling</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Psychological and spiritual support provided by the interdisciplinary NICU was extremely valuable. Some mothers sought mental health services outside the hospital.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’I see a counselor because the whole birth process was overwhelming and traumatic. I think I have post-traumatic stress syndrome.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Some fathers turned to online chat rooms dedicated to parents experiencing their infant’s hospitalisation and used the concrete advice acquired there to guide their involvement.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 3: Partners</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falcking 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Some mothers described feeling proud when watching their partners bond with their infant, as well as when they received encouragement and affirmation from their partners when providing care.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falcking 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’I cleaned him and changed him more confidently 2nd time… My partner was very impressed with me!!!’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Some couples developed a routine around caregiving activity, carving out a specific role for the father…Nonetheless, some mothers overtly discouraged fathers’ involvement.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The participants also described supporting each other as partners as extremely important. Some of the fathers described their strategy of pushing aside their own feelings in favour of the mother, who they considered in greater need of emotional support.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MacDonald 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“When fathers were later observed in the NICU, they were actively engaged in the care of their infants to the extent that they could, and supported their spouse by assisting in diapering, taking temperatures, weighing and bathing the infants and helping to position the infants for feeding.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MacDonald 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“These out-of-town families received extra support by being house at Easter Seal House, a non-profit housing unit located within blocks of the hospital, and in the case of one family being allowed to park their fifth-wheel motor home close to the hospital.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pohlman 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’I don’t need my wife to be upset. I know that after giving birth to a baby that a woman goes through the postpartum blues and it was real hard on her…Being at home every day and not being in the NICU and when she gets in the NICU she don’t want to leave, which I don’t want to either, but I know I have to. It’s real hard.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’Every night when we left, [my partner and I] talked about it…I think that was good. It was constant communication. And so we weren’t afraid to tell each other how we were feeling or what we were feeling. I think that kind of got us through it.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Being at home, parents were able to reconnect with each other and any older children.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab1_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Partners also lessened material strains by dividing responsibilities related to work, household activities, and being in the NICU.”</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appn.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 29</span><span class="title">Theme 2: Staff Support</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 1: Facilitating Parents in Participating in Care</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cescutti-Butler 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Caring involves behaviour from staff that will facilitate parent involvement in their infant’s care and work with parents as equal partners by sharing knowledge, values, responsibilities, outcomes and visions.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cescutti-Butler 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Parents did not always feel they were equal partners in care…For instance, one of the fathers interviewed felt uncomfortable about obtaining information from his baby’s charts, and would only look at the charts when the staff were not present.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Becoming actively engaged in the provision of tube feeds assisted in achieving a sense of occupational engagement rather than being a spectator in their baby’s care.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Parents described their ability to have contact with the baby linked to the nurses’ conduct, because it made the contact possible (or not) and pleasant (or not).”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Increased participation strengthened their self-esteem and parental role, which increased their motivation to be present.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The staff had shown patience when parents did not feel ready for learning a procedure and had invited the parents to learn step by step and gradually take over most of the infant’s care. The participants had felt encouraged by positive feedback on their performance of caregiving activities.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Not being allowed to participate in the ward round involving their child to hear some of the information that emerged was described as being deprived of their parental role.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’It was weird because it was my child who was lying there, so I wanted to know what they said’."</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“When nurses provided information, encouragement to become involved and coaching, involvement was fostered.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 2: Facilitating Transition into Parenting Role</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cescutti-Butler 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Providing mothers and fathers with the opportunity to see and touch their infants in the delivery room or prior to transport may reduce stressful feelings. However, when this is not possible, minimizing the delay in time between birth and the first visit may be helpful for mothers.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cescutti-Butler 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Once they were more familiar with the NICU, parents often felt they had little control of their own lives let alone of their baby, ‘The nurses like do more, it’s my baby and I wanted to do more - they were doing stuff that I knew I could do and I would have liked to have been asked to do.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cescutti-Butler 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Having an element of control and feeling integrated will help parents acclimatize to the strange environment that having a baby in a NICU presents.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Fathers were involved in decision-making about the infant’s care when staff shared information and provided the opportunity to ask questions.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’Yeah, getting involved in the decision process was easier at night. I could talk and ask questions.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Fathers also described how nurses acted as role models. They carefully observed nurses providing care to their infant and learned how to do so, thus facilitating their involvement.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Explicit verbal encouragement from nursing staff or their partner helped fathers to begin to partake in caregiving activities.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’If the nurses were passing by and there was any improvement needed, then they would make suggestions.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“After the delivery, many mothers reported having had to wait a day or two before being authorized to see their baby, for health reasons. The photograph of the baby and the NICU caregivers’ visit to the mother’s room were the two factors described as very useful for feeling closer to the child in these cases.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’It was good to have this picture. I had two feelings…. I was glad and sad at the same time…sad because she was premature.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Most parents described themselves as dependent on the staff to care for their baby and therefore necessarily subject to its authority”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’As we are in a place where everything is managed by others and we don’t know, we have the impression that we have to ask for permission to touch him’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neu 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’The nurses that we had really like me doing it [kangaroo care] because of her improved oxygen stats…They were really wonderful about me wanting to do it. I would have done it anyway, but it was easier because they were supportive and they made a fuss and thought it was wonderful that I did it.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neu 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The lack of appropriate support from the nursing staff also influenced the decision of some parents to discontinue skin-to-skin care.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Participating in the care of their child was a critical coping strategy…. Activities such as diaper changes and feeding provided concrete skills and a sense of “knowing” their child, which boosted self-confidence and combated insecurities about their role as parents.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’It went from not holding her for a week to being able to hold her every couple days, and then slowly becoming a very active participant in her day. Just learning how to feed her, and hold her correctly, and bathe her.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Staff provided informal and formalized training on providing care, as well as opportunities for parents to practice. In addition, staff provided a welcoming environment and specific encouragement that parents needed to overcome anxieties about handling their child.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’The nurses here don’t care how much time I spend [trying] to change one diaper…they still let me try and …give me lots of tips…I learn a lot here.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“One parent noted that it was helpful for staff to facilitate less intrusive visits by enforcing strict visiting rules with guests. Another said, the staff made note of a hospital Web site for NICU parents to provide standardized updates to friends and family, without having to interact individually.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’They told me about a website… where I could post pictures of [my baby] and give daily updates. Because one of the things that was very draining was people asking all the time, “how’s the baby, how’s the baby?"’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Often what gave parents confidence to leave was their belief that the NICU staff had not only medical expertise but also affection for their child.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The parents felt they were taken notice of when the staff responded to their need for information by listening attentively and calmly answering their questions… Parents also appreciated occasions when staff conveyed sensitivity to their need for consolation.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’We noticed that they were keeping an eye on the situation…They were hanging around, they were there and started talking a bit and could tell if you wanted to talk.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Their engagement was focused on both reclaiming involvement in caregiving occupations they anticipated prior to the baby’s birth and participating in alternative occupations that still allowed them to experience closeness with their infant.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 2: Communication to Reduce Stress</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Transparent communication that provided information in a personalized and sensitive manner facilitated development of trusting relationships and minimized maternal anxiety”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Family meetings were valued as a forum for communication, shared decision making, and for parents to advocate for their child.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’Dr. *** was really good about keeping us up to speed each day…when we didn’t see her in person she called us, she was wonderful about it…we like it up front, not being blindsided’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’I need good communication. I need to feel like our beliefs, what we expect and what need, are being respected.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Flacking 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Knowing how care was provided (e.g. procedures, technical devices, staff routines), what was expected of them as parents, and understanding the infant’s signals enabled parents to relax and be in the present…The knowledge of their infant’s medical status, gained through the communication with and by spending time with their infant, made parents feel more confidence in the parental role.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Flacking 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’During the medical round when the doctor asked, how are your babies doing? I was very proud when I was able to tell them about my observations about the babies.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“It was the intervention of a nurse that encouraged them to have hope for David’s survival. Nell shared what the nurse said to them: ‘It’s ok to have hope for him… despite the medical circumstances, you’re his parents and it’s ok to have hope for him’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The importance of receiving information about their infant’s condition underpinned all communications that the parents undertook with NICU staff.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Facilitation was often twofold; it was about provision of information in a way that was accessible to the parents and the creation of opportunities for parents to participate in parenting occupations: ‘It was good to be encouraged to do that [diaper changing] by the nurses, and for them even to show you how to do it.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Some fathers reported that the staff spoke to them less than the mother, which seemed normal or more rarely, frustrating in their role of father.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“In the delivery room, mothers reported that they had needed explicit communication - words - about the baby’s health, to be reassured that he was really alive: ‘As soon as I woke up, I asked: He’s not dead? He’s not dead?’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Fathers and mothers both insisted on the need to warn them of changes such as intubation, changing the room, or placing a catheter.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’If there is no problem with the examinations, the doctors don’t come to tell you the results…If they tell us the results right away, whether they are good or bad, we know them and we can start to enjoy the child.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The telephone was described as a way of staying linked to the baby from home. Most parents reported feeling reassured by ritualized calls morning and evening…Some described calls more worrisome than reassuring, in cases where the phone rang repeatedly with no answer, and stressed the importance of always giving news, even succinctly.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The fathers accompanied their child from the delivery room but frequently described an anxious wait at the ward entrance: ‘I would have liked it, when I arrived in the unit, for someone to come out and say to me, ‘Your daughter is in good hands, we are going to take care of her,’ just to reassure me that everything was all right.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The staff conveyed hope, without giving false expectations, which was perceived as essential.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holditch 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The most helpful action was a nurse or other health care provider caring competently for the infant: ‘She thought maybe he was getting another little virus or something. She never said NEC. I don’t think wanted to scare me until she had something to scare me about.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pohlman 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Fathers sometimes felt frustrated because the nurses did not fully inform them as to what they could or could not do with their infants during visits.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The parents felt that conversation with staff created the opportunity for a break from a reality that was difficult to live with.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The parents felt invited to communicate when the staff took the time to explain the child’s care and treatment to them and invited them to participate in the child’s care. The encouragement to care for the child strengthened parental bonding with the child.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’There is a communication together with us, [they] answer questions, provide support, tell us what we can do and what they will help with.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The parents felt that they were dependent on communication with the staff to get information about their child and to get support from the staff to participate in their child’s care.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’It would have felt good to have a review discussion there, what happened after the birth…because I have no idea of what happened there.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The parents felt that, in their communication with the staff, they adapted to each member of staff’s personality and their availability for conversation. They learned the different responsibilities of the various professionals and what roles they had in communicating with parents.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“It could be difficult for parents to understand the doctor’s information during the conversation, in which case the parents had to take the initiative to ask the nurse for an explanation of what had been said.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_36_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’Communication between the maternity ward and Neonatal could be improved. They had failed to schedule the hearing test. They didn’t know if it was the maternity ward or Neonatal that booked it, so I had to check it myself.’"</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 4: Interpersonal Relationships</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cescutti-Butler 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Caring attributes: ‘Being genuinely concerned with you…Made you feel that your baby was important to them…The nurse would be there for you and give you a bit of confidence…You sort of got rapport with them, you feel more confident about asking questions’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cescutti-Butler 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Relationships with families are central; skilled crisis intervention is needed, parents need assistance to interact with their very ill infants.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cescutti-Butler 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The mother’s relationship with the nurse was the single most important influence on mothering…The nurse was a key focus maybe because they were a constant feature of their [the parents’] time in the NICU.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“NICU staff were perceived as ‘gatekeepers’ to the infants, so this was an element of the NICU experience that parents took very seriously.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The development of collaborative parent-staff relationships that underpin the provision of family-centered care also provides the platform for supporting parents to participate in meaningful caregiving occupations.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Several participants expressed the need for confirmation of their concerns and for being treated with empathy…They appreciated that the staff fulfilled their role of being available for the parents and infants.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holditch 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’The nurses meant a lot to us. The nurses were real special. They would answer our questions and be straight with us. And say, ‘Well, this could happen.’ They were real supportive.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holditch 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’I think about the social worker a lot. I remember her face and the good words that she used…She talked to me a lot. She helped me a lot. She got me in contact with a lot of people who could be of help to me.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jackson 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“In a sense the mothers were negotiating their role both with their infants with the hospital personnel as the infants were gaining strength and independence from medical equipment and as the nurses were encouraging and supporting their entry into complex feeding and nurturing routines.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Staff encouraged parent friendships by facilitating coffee hours or scrapbooking sessions as well as by arranging more structured relationships with graduate parents.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’I would have found [it] helpful… if I would’ve been put in touch with somebody whose child was in the exact same situation.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The parents felt supported when they were met with compassion…It was comforting to meet the human being behind the professional role: ‘The doctor listened, the doctor was also a person…she showed that she was also a fellow human being in the whole thing.’"</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 5: Continuity of Care</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“For mothers, familiarity with nursing staff facilitated trust and confidence in nurses’ abilities to care for their child. Assigning continuity attending facilitated smoother transitions and promoted maintenance of a consistent care plan.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’I wish there were consistency in care between doctors…I feel they switch way too often and they don’t always know the baby. They have different opinions on what’s the right thing to do, and it gets frustrating.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The inconsistency in advice received from the nursing staff was problematic and had the potential to erode trust between parents and staff.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Both parents also reported the supportive value of a visit by the paediatrician or the nurse to the mother’s room, telling them about the baby’s health.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’For 3 days I wasn’t able to see my daughter. The doctors came to see me and the nurse also. I found that encouraging: I was very glad to get news about her.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MacDonald 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Two of the mothers expressed frustration over conflicting approaches and contradictory advice around feeding strategies. Much of the frustration observed was the result of gaps between theory and practice as nurses and lactation consultants gave advice to the mothers who were struggling”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pohlman 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’Almost every day there’s a different nurse in there… And I can tell just by how the nurse acts and everything whether she’s gonna be gentle with her or whatever. Usually they are pretty rough and I just get nervous.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pohlman 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Building rapport, and therefore trust (what would seem to be an essential ingredient to feeling emotionally supported), was difficult when fathers saw a new face almost every day. The lack of consistent caregivers was on the minds of several fathers and they found this ‘discomforting.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pohlman 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“He felt that having consistent nurses also allowed him the opportunity to get to know the nurses “a little bit better…which made it easier to talk with them, makes it easier for you to think ‘well, what can I ask this person’?’”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Having a designated doctor and nurse contact in the NICU for their child provided continuity and felt important to the parents.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab2_1_1_76_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’We had our contact nurses…it felt really nice because we could come to them with these extra requests.’"</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appn.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 30</span><span class="title">Theme 3: Parent-to-Parent Support</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 1: Shared Experiences</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ardal 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Mothers tended to talk to parent-buddies: ‘I would talk to her [the buddy] in more detail rather than to other people because she has had the same experience.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ardal 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Sharing culture and language facilitates the process of communicating feelings: ‘In the same language, we can understand everything; also, the feelings, I believe, are the same in the same culture.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ardal 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Sharing a culture fostered an understanding not only of the preterm birth experience but also of its cultural context.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ardal 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Buddies were able to normalize their experience and reassure them that their feelings were natural under the circumstances.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ardal 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The parent-buddies reduced the new mothers’ experience of isolation related to both preterm birth and language and cultural differences.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ardal 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Judicious use of the buddy’s own experience in response to the mother’s concerns appeared to have a profound impact. One mother reported, after hearing a buddy’s account of her son, who had been so sick and was now healthy: ‘That changed my world completely. From there on, I was a person who could do it.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Engagement with other NICU parents was a coping strategy that several parents found helpful because it provided them with information and perspective. Graduate NICU parents whose children had faced similar medical issues were especially helpful.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’Sometimes you want to talk to someone who’s been there, who’s experiencing the exact same thing.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’You’re a member of a club and no one likes to be a member of that club, and no one likes to talk about it. And all of a sudden (sic) when people start to share it, you don’t feel so alone in it. And I, I think it’s just really helpful, and I think it’s really hard to be the first one to kind of share or to break through that wall, but once you do it’s really supportive.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The fostering of relationships with other parents seemed to stem from the mutuality of parent experiences… This support was highly valued by parents, and the shared camaraderie with other parents was a noticeable loss once their infants were discharged.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_12_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 2: Observational Learning</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab3_1_1_12_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“In the two open-spaced NICUs where this study took place, fathers saw other parents holding or diapering their infants, and this led to the realisation that involvement was possible and permitted.”</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appn.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 31</span><span class="title">Theme 4: Hospital Environment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 1: Need for Privacy</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Physical space limited the ability of mothers to feel comfortable expressing emotions…despite use of screens to partition the infant’s space. In addition, participants emphasized that this lack of privacy impacted confidential communication with families.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’It was touch and go, and we weren’t sure if she was going to make it, so I am sobbing and everybody is walking by.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’It would be helpful to be presented with a choice…can we step outside to talk about this… it’s good to have that option so the whole NICU doesn’t hear what’s going on with your kid.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Flacking 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Parents in Sweden and Finland highlighted the importance of feeling and being a family when alone with their infant. This was facilitated when parents had their own room on the NICU which they could bring the infant into: ‘Yesterday, it was also a wonderful moment when the father came and we were allowed to be alone in the room, as a family, without nurses or other parents.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“It became more complicated to take turns in performing KMC, as the parent who was not providing KMC had no private space to get some rest.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jackson 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The mothers wanted privacy and wished to be with the baby in a private area.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neu 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’To take off her clothes and mine wasn’t anything I could do at the hospital. I’m not that modest, but I would have been right in the middle of that room!’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neu 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conversely parents who discontinued skn-to-skin holding in the hospital were quite cognizant of a sterile, noisy, busy, or crowded environment, inadequate privacy, loss of control, and lack of nursing support that precluded a gratifying skin-to-skin experience.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neu 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“It seemed hard to do because everything was so rush, rush in there."</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 2: Friendly, Homelike Environments</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Fathers felt that because the appearance of the NICU did not resemble the home environment, this deterred their involvement.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“One father thought that this was particularly important in the step-down unit and explained, ‘More space and more chairs and nice décor - there is a bit of soul would help.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Open visiting policies allowed fathers unlimited access to the NICU. As one father noted, ‘I can come here whenever I want - 24 hours.’”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Parents who had the opportunity to stay overnight in a family room in the NICU felt that it simplified their life and made it possible to perform KMC for large parts of the day by taking turns.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Several parents attributed difficulties of being present during nights to a high level of illumination and the noise from alarms and staff chatting in loud voices.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 3: Feelings of Security or Insecurity</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Re: open room design - Mothers described a feeling of safety, comfort, and security provided by the proximity of multiple caregivers in the room at all times”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Falck 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’The NICU is not a privacy place…I don’t want it closed off because he is so unpredictable…some days I need to look across the room and say, “Hey, what is going on with him?’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“One father described how the ‘tubes’ and ‘wires’ made him reluctant to provide care for his infant, stating ‘I was always afraid, you know… I tried once, she started desaturating and the nurse said “Let me take her from your arms.""</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holditch 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Sometimes, the appearance of the entire NICU - equipment, infants, and families - overwhelmed the mothers ‘The first time that their monitors went off, it terrified me! But the staff there was really good about explaining what was going on.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Holditch 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Medical complications could further impair the appearance of the infant: ‘When he was in the ICU, they had him paralyzed then. He just wasn’t moving then, because he had the respirator on. They don’t look like real babies when they’re paralyzed. Almost like they’re dead.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“To be at ease with their child, the parents reported that they needed to understand the environment: ‘The more I know, the more I am reassured. What I want to know are the upper and lower limits, because I watch the monitor and I have the impression I understand.’"</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 4: Participating in care</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The NICU environment has a significant impact on participation in parenting occupations… The presence of lines and the types of respiratory equipment limited how much of their infant they could actually see.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The incubator served to reinforce the critical nature of their infant’s condition and placed significant limitations on their involvement in providing nurturing for their infant.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’Sometimes you’d feel like you were just sitting there watching everybody do everything for him.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The various policies and unwritten ground rules, also shaped parents’ experiences, including visiting restrictions imposed during infection outbreaks, the ability to engage in skin-to-skin contact based on the infant’s respiratory support needs, and the exclusion of parents from the unit during ward rounds”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Flacking 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“For many parents, holding the infant and/or being skin-to-skin was the first time they felt their infant was theirs… By being physically close the parent-infant bond was strengthened.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Flacking 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Doing simple and ordinary parenting tasks made them feel that the infant was theirs; changing diapers, putting on clothes and washing and bathing their infant were significant events.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Flacking 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Some parents also specifically referred to how their increasing involvement in caretaking duties had had a simultaneous influence on their growing sense of commitment and connection.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Flacking 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’During the following days, the commitment and connection strengthened, especially when I got to spend all three nights at the neonatal unit next to my baby although he was on a monitor.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MacDonald 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab4_1_1_24_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Mothers whose infants were on respirators or C-PAP mentioned the difficulty of accessing infants for skin-to-skin cuddles and in seeing their infant’s face. The monitors and monitoring devices made the babies less accessible and the routines more challenging.”</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appn.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 32</span><span class="title">Theme 5: Employment Support</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Financial Support</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Paternity or other types of employment leaves allowed for greater presence, contributing to greater involvement.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’When my company gave me two weeks off, I was here Monday to Friday’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jackson 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Four of the fathers were on parental leave during the hospitalization and were able to participate in the care of the infants. However, others had problems getting time off from work, which depended to a great extent on the attitudes of their employers.”</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appn.s3"><h4>Qualitative quotes and excerpts for question 6.3 What information, and in what format, is valued by parents and carers of preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support on the neonatal unit?</h4><div id="ch6.appn.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 33</span><span class="title">Theme 1: Prenatal and Postnatal Information</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 1: Prenatal maternal and infant health</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Prenatally, all parents were able to recall the information that they were given about the treatment of the mothers’ condition such as magnesium sulfate for preterm labor and options and rationale for route of delivery of their infant.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Prenatally, all but one parent reported that they were given information on premature infants including morbidity and mortality for infants born at varying gestational ages by the maternal-fetal medicine specialist and or the neonatologist.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Three parents …wanted more specific information on the treatment that their infant would likely need.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_5_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 2: Postnatal maternal and infant health</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calam 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’I would have liked a proper explanation. They had plenty of time while they waited for the doctor from [the maternity ward.]’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Postnatally, all parents felt that they were informed of their infant’s condition and treatment plans.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The parents explained that they got the most information from the staff at the beginning of the child’s hospitalization but at that time it could be difficult to take in information because the mother was most often still recovering from the birth. As time went by, the amount of information and the number of discussions, mainly with doctors, declined after the child’s condition stabilized.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’It would have felt good to have a review discussion there, what happened after the birth…because I have no idea of what happened there, I know that I’ve thought about that afterwards.’"</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appn.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 34</span><span class="title">Theme 2: Infant’s Health Status Information</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 1: Understanding Medical Condition</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The medical jargon used by staff served as a barrier to involvement. When fathers did not understand what was said to them about their infants’ medical condition or care, this deterred involvement as they were anxious about handling the infant.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Information for the parents was an essential requirement of understanding their situation and assisted in alleviation of their concerns or anxiety. Understanding medical information allowed them to feel more integrated in the NICU experience…”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The importance of receiving information about their infant’s condition underpinned all communications that the parents undertook with NICU staff.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The parents stated that they were often left waiting for some time for information about their child’s illness. When the answer was uncertain, or conversations with the doctor were postponed or information failed to materialize, the parents suffered.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_6_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 2: Receiving Updates of Health Status</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’For 3 days I wasn’t able to see my daughter. The doctors came to see me and the nurse also. I found that encouraging: I was very glad to get news about her. The information was clear; they told me that she is small but doing well.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Many mothers said that they were frustrated to have to rely on the child’s father for new information: ‘It would have been good if someone from the team had come down to see me, because my husband is not a physician.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab7_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“They also described their need to not be kept waiting about exam results, such as ultrasound: ‘If there is no problem with the examinations, the doctors don’t come to tell you the results…’"</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appn.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 35</span><span class="title">Theme 3: Caregiving Information</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 1: Parenting Activities</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“When nurses provided information, encouragement to become involved and coaching, involvement was fostered.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gibbs 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Actions of the nurses could facilitate parent engagement in caregiving. Facilitation was often twofold; it was about provision of information in a way that was accessible to the parents and the creation of opportunities for parents to participate in parenting occupations.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The participants, especially those whose infants had been transferred to this NICU from another hospital, regarded information about caregiving activities and what was expected from them as parents as particularly important.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The participants expressed satisfaction with the guidance they received in taking care of their infants. The staff had shown patience when parents did not feel ready for learning a procedure and had invited the parents to learn step by step and gradually take over most of the infant’s care.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pohlman 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Fathers sometimes felt frustrated because the nurses did not fully inform them as to what they could or could not do with their infants during visits…’We didn’t feel as informed as we could have about our boundaries. I mean it was like our own child, but we didn’t know what we could do with her.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Staff provided informal and formalized training on providing care, as well as opportunities for parents to practice…’The nurses were like, ‘Okay, changing his diaper: this is how you do it.’’”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wigert 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The parents felt that they were dependent on communication with the staff to get information about their child and to get support from the staff to participate in their child’s care. When parents were not given information about their child’s care and treatment, they felt themselves excluded in their parenting."</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_9_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 2: Changes in Care</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Fathers and mothers both insisted on the need to warn them of changes such as intubation, changing the room, or placing a catheter.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_11_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 3: Understanding Behavioural Cues</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The mothers said more frequently than the fathers that they needed explanations of the baby’s relational capacities and on the meaning of their reactions, to help them: ‘It’s important to understand her reactions, when she cries or seems nervous.’"</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_13_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 4: Breast feeding</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“At one site, parents were given information on the nursery’s breast-feeding program…Mothers reported that this information was very useful because it helped them make a decision about infant feeding and recognize their unique contribution to their infant’s care.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_15_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 5: Skin to skin care</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neu 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’When we did kangaroo care, I didn’t know what I was going to do, but I thought I was going to do something wrong because she was so small. I was petrified that maybe I would dislodge her tube even though it was taped to her face.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neu 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Parents who expressed more anxiety about transferring their infant from the bed for skin-to-skin care preferred he nurse-to-parent transfer rather than the parent transfer. They explained that they were afraid that they would disconnect wires or tubing if they moved the infant themselves.”</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appn.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 36</span><span class="title">Theme 4: Future Information</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 1: Plans for Children in the Future</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Three weeks after her infant’s death, she indicated that she wanted more information on the cause of death and advice for a subsequent pregnancy and that she wanted follow-up phone calls from hospital staff.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Three mothers knew someone who had an infant born before 25 weeks’ gestation who did well, and this information gave them hope.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_4_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 2: Decision Making</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeley 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Fathers were involved in decision-making about the infant’s care when staff shared information and provided the opportunity to ask questions.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“One of the parents who wanted to be involved explained, “Physicians have the information but parents have more faith.” These parents felt that they needed information from the physician and then most needed the physician to make a recommendation.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab9_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“With adequate information, some parents felt very confident about decision making.”</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appn.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 37</span><span class="title">Theme 5: NICU Environment Information</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“In the first weeks in the NICU, access to regular explanations helped most of the parents to limit their feelings of helplessness and to be able to come see the baby day after day.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“To be at ease with their child, the parents reported that they needed to understand the environment: ‘The more I know, the more I am reassured. What I want to know are the upper and lower limits, because I watch the monitor and I have the impression I understand.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pohlman 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Dan recalled several situation where he was frustrated by the nurses’ actions but was reluctant to confront them. For example, he did not fully understand why the nurses were so nonchalant about monitor alarms. He had to learn for himself that many of the beeps and buzzers were false alarms, but only after a few frightening experiences.”</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="ch6.appn.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 38</span><span class="title">Theme 6: Formats</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.appn.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appn.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 1: Telephone</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The telephone was described as a way of staying linked to the baby from home. Most parents reported feeling reassured by ritualized calls morning and evening: ‘It’s very good to have news by telephone…it takes 15 seconds but afterwards, you feel so much better… then pfff! I pump my milk and I fill the bottle.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Getting routine information at home via an unexpected telephone call was often alarming because they often assumed that any phone call was bad news.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_4_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 2: Medical Team</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heinemann 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Information should be given by staff members who are sufficiently qualified to provide medical information.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Staff answered questions and also encouraged parents to ask questions, proactively provided information, and recommended additional resources. Parents were grateful when staff tailored information to their emotional needs and technical abilities.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’The more I can pick the brains of the nurses and the doctors that gives me comfort.’"</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_8_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 3: Nurses</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“They reported that nurses were the ones who helped them understand information, especially when medical jargons were used.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Parents often felt the primary nurses knew their infants well and could provide the best day-to-day information.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_11_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 4: Physician or Neonatologist</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’So I would say to any physician give as much information as needed. Allow the parents to ask. I don’t care how silly it may seem to them, but allow them to ask the questions so they can better understand what’s taken place.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“However, some parents felt that technical or complex information was better conveyed by a physician. These parents wanted physicians to provide this information, even if they needed additional guidance from nurses afterward.”</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 5: Timing and Consistency</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calam 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“A high percentage of women had little or no recall of information provided about the complications in the pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery prior to the birth and only one mother was able to recall what she considered to be a full explanation.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calam 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“The overwhelming nature of the experience, and the difficulty inherent in absorbing information round this time was clear from the mother’s comments…’They always gave you information, but I can’t recall the details. I didn’t listen a lot of the time.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Calam 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“There was a substantial proportion of mothers who did not recall or understand what they had been told…”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guillaume 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Several participants said that it had been difficult to comprehend the information that was given the first few days: to them, repeated, consistent and clear information about the infants’ condition and care was important in the early postnatal period.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Parents stressed the importance of receiving honest, consistent information and that it was desirable to receive it from a limited number of professionals to avoid hearing conflicting information.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“One mother indicated that initially she did not understand the information because of her emotional state. She said, ‘Honestly when she (the obstetrician) told me, I really heard nothing that they said…All I heard was I’m here until the baby is born.’"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kavanaugh 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Her husband also indicated that he was feeling so faint that he also could not understand all of the information initially.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Parents were reassured by receiving similar information from all care team members.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“One challenge to this strategy was absorbing information, especially in the beginning when parents were overwhelmed by their new life situation.”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“’Not only were we receiving too much [in the beginning], but I think you’re going through so much that really you don’t absorb as much as you would like to…even though you think you’re absorbing everything… - you’re trying to concentrate on every single word that’s coming through the doctor’s mouth.’"</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_25_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subtheme 6: Other Resources (including books, internet resources, friends and family)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appn.tab11_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“Gathering information was an iterative and ongoing process in which asking questions of staff was central, although parents also relied on books, online resources, and, in some cases, friends and family in the medical field.”</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bk_prnt_sctn"><h2>Figures</h2><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj bk_first_prnt_obj"><div id="ch6.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Thematic%20map.&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6f1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6f1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Thematic map." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Thematic map</span></h3></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch6.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Thematic%20map.&p=BOOKS&id=577836_ch6f2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6f2.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Thematic map." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Thematic map</span></h3></div></div></div><div class="bk_prnt_sctn"><h2>Tables</h2><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj bk_first_prnt_obj"><div id="ch6.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Preterm babies receiving respiratory support:</p>
|
||
<p><b>Exclusions:</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l184"><li id="ch6.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities except patent ductus arteriosus</div></li><li id="ch6.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, neurological disorders</div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parent carer involvement:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l185"><li id="ch6.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>Kangaroo care</div></li><li id="ch6.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>Skin to skin</div></li><li id="ch6.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>Early parent/carer interaction
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l186" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>positive touch</div></li><li id="ch6.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>comfort holding</div></li><li id="ch6.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>non-nutritive sucking</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>Family integrated care</div></li><li id="ch6.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup></div></li><li id="ch6.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Verbal interaction:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l187" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>reading</div></li><li id="ch6.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>singing to babies</div></li><li id="ch6.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>talking to babies</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Involvement of parents/carers early on in feeding, including:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l188" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tube feeding</div></li><li id="ch6.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bottle feeding</div></li><li id="ch6.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Expressing</div></li><li id="ch6.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>Breastfeeding</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>Specially trained healthcare professionals guiding parents/carers on their involvement in the care of their preterm babies</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention versus conventional care</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l189"><li id="ch6.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital during initial admission</div></li><li id="ch6.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 36 weeks post menstrual age or 28 days of age)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes at ≥18 months:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l190" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cerebral palsy (reported as presence or absence of condition, not severity of condition)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental delay (reported as dichotomous outcomes, not continuous outcomes such as mean change in score)
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l191" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt29"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe (score of >2 SDs below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayley assessment scale of mental developmental index (MDI) or psychomotor developmental index (PDI) <70 or complete inability to assign score due to CP or severe cognitive delay)</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt30"><p class="no_top_margin">Moderate (score of 1-2 SDs below normal on validated assessment scales, or on Bayley assessment scale of MDI or PDI 70-84)</p></dd></dl></div></li><li id="ch6.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurosensory impairment (reported as presence or absence of condition)
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l192" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt32"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe hearing impairment (for example, deaf)</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt33"><p class="no_top_margin">Severe visual impairment (for example, blind)</p></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Important outcomes:</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l193"><li id="ch6.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>Number of episodes of confirmed or suspected sepsis during initial hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch6.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li><li id="ch6.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Infant growth defined as changes in z scores at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l194" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight</div></li><li id="ch6.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>Height</div></li><li id="ch6.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>Head circumference</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parent/carer satisfaction using validated scales</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CP: cerebral palsy; MDI: mental development index; PDI: psychomotor developmental index; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SD: standard deviation; NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>: Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch6.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention/Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref1">Als 2004</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 30</p>
|
||
<p>Infants of 28<sup>+4</sup> weeks to 33<sup>+3</sup> GA at birth</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus Standard Care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 2 weeks and 9 months corrected age</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l195"><li id="ch6.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li><li id="ch6.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>=<72 hours of respiratory support (ventilation or CPAP) and vasopressor medication</p>
|
||
<p>Infants were healthier than in other Als studies</p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2">Als 2003</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 92</p>
|
||
<p>Infants with birth weight < 1250g and GA at birth < 28 weeks who had received mechanical ventilation starting within the first 3 hours after birth (which had lasted longer than 24 hours in the first 48 hours</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 2 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l196"><li id="ch6.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li><li id="ch6.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Results from 3 hospitals are presented – those from Brigham Woman’s Hospital are also presented by <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref11">McAnulty 2009</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref3">Als 1994</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 38</p>
|
||
<p>Infants inborn at the study site with birthweight < 1250 g and GA < 30 weeks and > 24 weeks who had received mechanical ventilation starting within the first 3 hours after birth and lasting longer than 24 hours in the first 48 hours</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 2 weeks and 9 months corrected age</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l197"><li id="ch6.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li><li id="ch6.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Followed up in <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref10">McAnulty 2010</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref4">Buehler 1995</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 24</p>
|
||
<p>Infants inborn at study site with birth weight of 2500 g or less GA at birth between 30 and 34 weeks inclusive and who were not receiving mechanical ventilation at 48 hours</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 2 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l198"><li id="ch6.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref5">Cruz 2018</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Canada, Australia and New Zealand</p>
|
||
<p>Multicentre cluster RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 1786</p>
|
||
<p>Infants born at 33 weeks GA or less, who had no or low-level respiratory support. Parents needed to commit to being present for at least 6 hours/day in FIC groups.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>FIC versus standard NICU care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up 3 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l199"><li id="ch6.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li><li id="ch6.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD</div></li><li id="ch6.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to dischage</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Respiratory support defined as ‘oxygen by cannula or mask or non-invasive ventilation such as CPAP, biphasic CPAP and NIPAP ventilation’.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref6">Fleisher 1995</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 40</p>
|
||
<p>Infants with a birthweight of <1250g and GA <30 weeks at birth</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up prior to discharge</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l200"><li id="ch6.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li><li id="ch6.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>No of episodes of confirmed or suspected sepsis during intial hospitalisation</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref7">Harding 2014</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 59</p>
|
||
<p>Infants born at 26-35 weeks GA and were recruited from level 1 inner city neonatal unit</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) prior to NGT feeds versus NNS on onset of NGT feeds versus normal developmental care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 6 months</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l201"><li id="ch6.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref8">Maguire 2009a</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The Netherlands</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Infants born < 32 weeks GA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 36 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l202"><li id="ch6.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li><li id="ch6.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD</div></li><li id="ch6.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>No of episodes of confirmed or suspected sepsis during intial hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch6.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref9">Maguire 2009b</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The Netherlands</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow up of <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref8">Maguire 2009a</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up 2 years</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l203"><li id="ch6.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes – Neurodevelopmental delay</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref10">McAnulty 2010</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow up of <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref3">Als 1994</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 8 years corrected age</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l204"><li id="ch6.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental delay - Cerebral palsy; hearing loss</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref11">McAnulty 2009</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref3">Als 1994</a> and 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 2 weeks and 9 months</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l205"><li id="ch6.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li><li id="ch6.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD</div></li><li id="ch6.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes – Neurodevelopmental delay; psychomotor delay</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Synthesis of the results of three RCTs performed at Brigham’s Womens Hospital, 2 of which were already reported and one of which was unreported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref12">Peters 2009</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Canada</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 120</p>
|
||
<p>Infants with birth weight 500 to 1250 g and of <32 weeks GA</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus standard care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 18 months</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l206"><li id="ch6.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li><li id="ch6.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD</div></li><li id="ch6.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>No of episodes of confirmed or suspected sepsis during intial hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch6.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes – Neurodevelopmental delay; cerebral palsy</div></li><li id="ch6.lt67" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref13">Roberts 2000</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>UK</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 30</p>
|
||
<p>Premature or small for gestational age infants born at 30 or more weeks’ gestation or corrected age, medically stable, and who may have received nasal continuous positive airway pressure in place or a nasal cannula</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Kangaroo care versus conventional cuddling care</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 6 weeks after discharge or 3 months of age; and 6 months</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l207"><li id="ch6.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>Days in hospital duration initial admission</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref14">Rojas 2003</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>UK</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 60</p>
|
||
<p>Infants of 32 weeks or less of gestation, birthweight 1500 g or less and who were receiving minimal ventilatory support</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>Skin to skin contact versus traditional holding</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up prior to discharge</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l208"><li id="ch6.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>No of episodes of confirmed or suspected sepsis during intial hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch6.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref16">Westrup 2004</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Sweden</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow up of <a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref17">Westrup 2000</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus control</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 5 years</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l209"><li id="ch6.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes – Cerebral palsy; severe hearing impairment; severe visual impairent</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref17">Westrup 2000</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Sweden</p>
|
||
<p>RCT</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>N= 25</p>
|
||
<p>Infants inborn at study site with GA <32 weeks and had need of ventilatory support 24 hours after birth, at least in the form of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>NIDCAP<sup>®</sup> versus control</p>
|
||
<p>Follow up at 36 weeks</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l210"><li id="ch6.lt72" class="half_rhythm"><div>BPD</div></li><li id="ch6.lt73" class="half_rhythm"><div>No of episodes of confirmed or suspected sepsis during intial hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch6.lt74" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality prior to discharge</div></li></ul>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CP: cerebral palsy; CPAP: continuous positive airways pressure; FIC: family integrated care; GA: gestational age; MDI: mental development index; NGT: nasogastric tube; NIDCAP<sup>®</sup>: Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Programme; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; NIPAP: nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation; RCT: randomised controlled trial</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch6.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul id="ch6.l244"><li id="ch6.lt126" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies who require respiratory support</div></li><li id="ch6.lt127" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies of parents or carers whose baby is born below 37 weeks gestation</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Exclusions:</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l245"><li id="ch6.lt128" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities other than patent ductus arteriosus</div></li><li id="ch6.lt129" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, neurological disorders</div></li><li id="ch6.lt130" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quantitative data</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention/context</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Type of support for parents and carers with regards to preterm babies requiring respiratory support on the neonatal unit.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Themes</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Themes will be identified from the literature, but expected themes are:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l246"><li id="ch6.lt131" class="half_rhythm"><div>Psychological and social support:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l247" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt132" class="half_rhythm"><div>Counselling</div></li><li id="ch6.lt133" class="half_rhythm"><div>Crisis intervention</div></li><li id="ch6.lt134" class="half_rhythm"><div>Emotional support</div></li><li id="ch6.lt135" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stress management</div></li><li id="ch6.lt136" class="half_rhythm"><div>Vulnerable families, safeguarding</div></li><li id="ch6.lt137" class="half_rhythm"><div>Support groups</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt138" class="half_rhythm"><div>Support from staff:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l248" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt139" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parental participation in decision-making, including participation in ward rounds</div></li><li id="ch6.lt140" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parental presence and participation in care-giving</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt141" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital design and supportive spaces:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l249" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt142" class="half_rhythm"><div>Facilities to support family presence in the neonatal unit e.g. comfortable reclining chairs</div></li><li id="ch6.lt143" class="half_rhythm"><div>Accommodation, food</div></li><li id="ch6.lt144" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parking and public transport links</div></li><li id="ch6.lt145" class="half_rhythm"><div>Design of physical space that take into account infants’, families’, and staff members’ needs</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt146" class="half_rhythm"><div>Financial support
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l250" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt147" class="half_rhythm"><div>Transportation to and from hospital, parking</div></li><li id="ch6.lt148" class="half_rhythm"><div>Child care</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch6.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study details</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Participants</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Methods</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Themes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref1">Ardal 2011</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Canada</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n=8</p>
|
||
<p>Age, median (IQR) years: 30 (27-39)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=9 (7 singletons, 1 set twin boys)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight (mean)= 981.11g</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age (mean)=26.8 weeks</p>
|
||
<p>Major diagnoses: respiratory distress syndrome, apnoea of prematurity, retinopathy of prematurity, chronic lung disease, anaemia, sepsis, feeding intolerance, intraventricular haemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosis Requiring support for breathing, n (%)= 9 (100)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The study used an exploratory, qualitative design based on grounded theory. Interviews were conducted with an in-depth semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions. Interviews conducted, transcribed, and translated by trained bilingual research assistants who were linguistically matched with the mothers.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Similar themes were clustered into conceptual categories, and excerpts from the mothers’ narratives were then selected by the team to illustrate the themes in each of the categories.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Social support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l252" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt154"><p class="no_top_margin">Family and friends</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Parent-to-Parent support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l253" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt155"><p class="no_top_margin">Shared experiences</p></dd></dl>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref2">Cescutti-Butler 2003</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>UK</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Parents, n = 8</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Participants were interviewed by using unstructured tape-recorded interviews.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Interpretations and findings were compared with the literature as the data collection and analysis progressed.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l254" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt156"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating parents in participating in care</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt157"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating transition into parenting role</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt158"><p class="no_top_margin">Interpersonal relationships</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref3">Falck 2016</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n= 6</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, weeks, mean (SD): 28.7 (6.8)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 6</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, weeks, mean (SD): 29.8 (3.13)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, median (IQR): 770 (460-1830)</p>
|
||
<p>On ventilator n = 6</p>
|
||
<p>Days on ventilator, median (IQR): 33 (6-187)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Data was collected through the use of a semi-structured interview guide. Probes were utilized to obtain details and specific descriptions of participant’s experiences.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Concurrent data analysis occurred during data collection. Researchers coded interview transcripts and data extrapolated from medical record review concurrently with recruitment and resolved discrepancies through repeated discussions. Emerging categories were used to refine interview questions and themes were generated.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Social support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l255" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt159"><p class="no_top_margin">Counselling</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l256" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt160"><p class="no_top_margin">Communication to reduce stress</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt161"><p class="no_top_margin">Continuity of care</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Hospital environment</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l257" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt162"><p class="no_top_margin">Need for privacy</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt163"><p class="no_top_margin">Feelings of security or insecurity</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref4">Feeley 2013</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Canada</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n= 18</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 21</p>
|
||
<p>Medical treatments, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p>Mechanical ventilation/high-frequency ventilation= 15 (71.4)</p>
|
||
<p>CPAP/HFNC= 18 (85.7)</p>
|
||
<p>Intravenous or central line= 21 (100)</p>
|
||
<p>Isolation= 0 (0)</p>
|
||
<p>Chest tube= 1 (4.8)</p>
|
||
<p>Gavage/TPN= 18 (85.7)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted by a female interviewer in a private room adjacent to the NICU with no other persons present. Interviews were audio recorded and lasted between 45–90 minutes. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, and data pertaining to the infant’s condition were gathered from the medical record.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The interview data were subjected to inductive content analysis. Analysis and interviews occurred concurrently. First, transcripts of the interviews were verified for accuracy, and notes recorded following the interview were inserted into the transcripts. These codes were further examined and compared between transcripts as data collection continued.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Social support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l258" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt164"><p class="no_top_margin">Friends and family</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt165"><p class="no_top_margin">counselling</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt166"><p class="no_top_margin">Partners</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l259" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt167"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating transition into parenting role</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Parent-to-Parent support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l260" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt168"><p class="no_top_margin">Observational learning</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Hospital design</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l261" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt169"><p class="no_top_margin">Friendly, homelike environment</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt170"><p class="no_top_margin">Feelings of security or insecurity</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Financial support</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref5">Flacking 2016</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Sweden, Finland, England</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Swedish parents, n= 8</p>
|
||
<p>English parents, n= 6</p>
|
||
<p>Finnish parents, n= 9</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Parents answered an emotional closeness form.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Data from completed forms was typed into word documents. Authors independently inductively analysed the data using thematic network analysis. Text segments were organised into themes. Finally, an over-arching global theme was determined.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Social support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l262" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt171"><p class="no_top_margin">Partners</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l263" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt172"><p class="no_top_margin">Communication to reduce stress</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Hospital environment</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l264" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt173"><p class="no_top_margin">Need for privacy</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt174"><p class="no_top_margin">Participating in care</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref6">Gibbs 2016</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>UK</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=6</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n (%)= 3 (50)</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n (%)= 3 (50)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=3</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, median (IQR)= 28<sup>+6</sup> (24<sup>+1</sup> to 29<sup>+4</sup>)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, median (IQR)= 1070 (620 to 1450)</p>
|
||
<p>Length of NICU stay, days, median (IQR)= 76 (62 to 117)</p>
|
||
<p>Days on ventilation, median (IQR)= 3 (1 to 29)</p>
|
||
<p>Days on CPAP, median (IQR)= 8 (7 to 76)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The participants engaged in a semi-structured in-depth interview. All participants elected to be interviewed as couples in their home. The interviews, lasting between 60 and 90 min, were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim the first author.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Paradigmatic data analysis was conducted manually with a process similar to inductive content coding. The transcripts were openly code, this initial coding structure then underwent two further stages of refinement as the codes were grouped into larger categories. The summary categories developed from each interview were then compared across transcripts to identify common or recurrent experiences.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l265" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt175"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating parents in participating in care</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt176"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating transition into parenting role</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt177"><p class="no_top_margin">Communication to reduce stress</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt178"><p class="no_top_margin">Interpersonal relationships</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt179"><p class="no_top_margin">Continuity of care</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Parent-to-parent support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l266" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt180"><p class="no_top_margin">Shared experiences</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Hospital environment</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l267" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt181"><p class="no_top_margin">Participating in care</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref7">Guillaume 2013</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>France</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 60</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n (%)= 30 (50)</p>
|
||
<p>Age mother, years, mean (SD): 30.7 (6.6)</p>
|
||
<p>Age father, years, mean (SD): 33.5 (6.8)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 49</p>
|
||
<p>Female, n (%)= 29 (59)</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, weeks, mean (SD)= 27 (2)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, mean (SD)= 965 (206)</p>
|
||
<p>Ventilation type at time of interview, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p>Spontaneous ventilation= 8 (16)</p>
|
||
<p>Nasal ventilation= 30 (61)</p>
|
||
<p>Endotracheal ventilation= 11 (22)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Semi-directive interviews lasting 60-90 minutes were conducted by a social psychologist trained in research and not involved in a NICU. Audio recordings of the interviews were made. Fathers and mothers were interviewed separately.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The interviews were analysed using discourse analysis. Researchers performed a horizontal analysis, with immersion and manual coding of themes, and a vertical analysis that compared themes throughout.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l268" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt182"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating parents in participating in care</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt183"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating transition into parenting role</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt184"><p class="no_top_margin">Communication to reduce stress Continuity of care</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Hospital environment</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l269" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt185"><p class="no_top_margin">Feelings of security or insecurity</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref8">Heinemann 2013</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Sweden</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n= 7</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n= 6</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=7</p>
|
||
<p>n requiring ventilator support= 7</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age at birth, weeks, median (IQR)= 25 + 4 (23 + 5 to 27 + 6)</p>
|
||
<p>Range of birth weights, g=492 – 1044</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Data was collected through interviews with parents that took place at least 1 week after the infant’s transfer from a NICU room to another room in the hospital. Interviews were conducted by the first author using a conversation guide.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Analysis of the data took place continuously throughout the interview period. The authors read the text and used qualitative content analysis - first they identified meaning units, secondly they condensed these units into codes and further subcategories.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Social support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l270" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt186"><p class="no_top_margin">Partners</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l271" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt187"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating parents in participating in care</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt188"><p class="no_top_margin">Communication to reduce stress</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt189"><p class="no_top_margin">Interpersonal relationships</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Hospital environment</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l272" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt190"><p class="no_top_margin">Need for privacy</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt191"><p class="no_top_margin">Friendly, homelike environment</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref9">Holditch-Davis 2000</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n = 31</p>
|
||
<p>Age, mean (SD)= 29.1 (5.4)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Female, n= 18</p>
|
||
<p>Male, n= 28</p>
|
||
<p>Gestation at birth, weeks, mean (SD)= 30.4 (2.7)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, mean (SD)= 1437 (543)</p>
|
||
<p>Mechanical ventilation, n= 27</p>
|
||
<p>Supplemental oxygen when off the ventilator, n= 22</p>
|
||
<p>Length of ventilation, days, mean (SD)= 6.7 (7.8)</p>
|
||
<p>Length of supplemental oxygen, days, mean (SD)= 10.6 (12.7)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Data was collected through semi-structured interviews in which the mother was given the chance to fully share her experiences and feelings about her infant and the NICU. Interviews lasted approximately an hour, were audiotaped, and were transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Each interview was read and coded based on an a priori conceptual framework. The quotes were edited to remove identifying information and to improve clarity.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l273" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt192"><p class="no_top_margin">Communication to reduce stress</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt193"><p class="no_top_margin">Interpersonal relationships</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Hospital environment</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l274" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt194"><p class="no_top_margin">Feelings of security or insecurity</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10">Jackson 2003</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Sweden</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 7</p>
|
||
<p>Mother’s age, years, median (IQR)= 32.5 (28-37)</p>
|
||
<p>Father’s age, years, median (IQR)= 32.5 (31-39)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=8</p>
|
||
<p>Male= 5</p>
|
||
<p>Female= 3</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, median (range)= 1467.5 (660 to 2385)</p>
|
||
<p>Length of gestation, weeks, median (range)= 30 (25-34)</p>
|
||
<p>Major diagnoses, n</p>
|
||
<p>Hyperbilirubinaemia= 7</p>
|
||
<p>Sepsis= 3</p>
|
||
<p>Respiratory distress syndrome= 2</p>
|
||
<p>Transient tachypnoea= 4</p>
|
||
<p>Medical technology, n</p>
|
||
<p>CPAP= 4</p>
|
||
<p>Ventilator support= 2</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Parents were interviewed as dyadic mother-father units (with the exception of 2 pairs who were interviewed separately). Each new interview was based on the findings from the previous interview. 30 interviews were conducted in total by one author, each one lasted between 45-90 minutes and were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Analysis was conducted in systematic steps, which included: reading the interview transcripts to understand the content as a whole; dividing the text into meaning units; transforming the meaning units into a nursing perspective; condensing the units into four syntheses; integrating the four themes into the structure of the phenomenon of parenthood; validating the structure by the second author</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l275" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt195"><p class="no_top_margin">Interpersonal relationships</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Hospital environment</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l276" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt196"><p class="no_top_margin">Need for privacy</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Financial support</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref11">MacDonald 2007</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Canada</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n= 8</p>
|
||
<p>Average age= 33</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=14</p>
|
||
<p>Singletons, n= 3</p>
|
||
<p>Twins, n=4</p>
|
||
<p>Triplets, n= 1</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, weeks, median (IQR)= 25 + 5 (23 + 4 to 29 +6)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, median (IQR)= 718.5 (480 to 1577)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Interviews took place in person with open-ended questions. Responses were audio-recorded. Follow-up weekly visits were used to observe, photograph and document the mothers’ interactions with their infant(s). Mothers were then asked to questions about the images.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Data was analysed using the constant comparative method developed in grounded theory. The researchers developed a provisional hypothesis and then verified it by reviewing the data and clarifying with the participants to validate the researchers’ interpretations. Data were then organised into recurring common themes.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Social support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l277" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt197"><p class="no_top_margin">Partners</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l278" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt198"><p class="no_top_margin">Continuity of care</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Hospital environment</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l279" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt199"><p class="no_top_margin">Participating in care</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref12">Neu 1999</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 9</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n= 8</p>
|
||
<p>Maternal age, years, mean= 25.9</p>
|
||
<p>Singleton birth, n= 9</p>
|
||
<p>First time parents, n = 4</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 9</p>
|
||
<p>n on assisted ventilation= 9</p>
|
||
<p>Female, n= 6</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, mean (SD)= 1064 (423)</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, weeks, mean (SD)= 27.2 (2.0)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The research design incorporated two interviews, one conducted immediately after two skin-to-skin care session and a follow-up interview conducted several months later. The investigator or research assistant took videos lasting 8 - 10 minutes as well as field notes.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The investigator transcribed the open-ended telephone interviews verbatim. The researchers applied codes, which were grouped into subthemes and main themes. Content from the videotaped segments were compiled and pooled with parent/infant behavioural data from the field notes and the parent narrative to provide a more complete description of the parent’s experience.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l280" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt200"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating transition into parenting role</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Hospital environment</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l281" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt201"><p class="no_top_margin">Need for privacy</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref13">Pohlman 2009</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n= 9</p>
|
||
<p>Age, years, median (IQR)= 36 (22-39)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 9</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, weeks, median (IQR)= 28 (25-32)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, median (IQR)= 933 (515-2196)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Interviews were conducted every 2-3 weeks and lasted 60-90 minutes. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interview guides were used to initiate conversation and encourage dialogue.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Data was analysed using an interpretive approach, which involved a systematic and circular process including reading of the narrative text; coding; and creating interpretive files</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Social support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l282" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt202"><p class="no_top_margin">Partners</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l283" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt203"><p class="no_top_margin">Communication to reduce stress</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt204"><p class="no_top_margin">Continuity of care</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref14">Smith 2012</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=29</p>
|
||
<p>Parent, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p>Mother= 20 (69)</p>
|
||
<p>Father= 9 (31)</p>
|
||
<p>Parental age at delivery, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p>18-24 y= 3 (10)</p>
|
||
<p>24-34 y= 10 (34)</p>
|
||
<p>>/= 35 y= 2 (7)</p>
|
||
<p>Missing/declined= 2 (7)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 40</p>
|
||
<p>Infant gestational age at delivery, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p></= 28 wk= 15 (37)</p>
|
||
<p>29-33 wk= 19 (48)</p>
|
||
<p>>/= 11 (28)</p>
|
||
<p>Complications, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p>Respiratory distress syndrome treated with surfactant= 29 (72)</p>
|
||
<p>Patent ductus arteriosis treated either medically or surgically= 14 (35)</p>
|
||
<p>Retinopathy of prematurity= 5 (13)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>One researcher conducted all interviews in person or by telephone, using the interview script and appropriate probing as needed. The in-person interviews were conducted either in the infant’s room in the NICU, in one of the NICU parent rooms, or in a researcher’s office, depending on family’s preference. The interviews lasted 21 to 80 minutes, with the average being 45 minutes. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Researchers identified and organised key themes that described parental coping strategies used to handle the NICU experience and the ways that staff supported them. Authors developed a codebook, which was then refined the codebook by reviewing the remaining interviews until they had reached thematic saturation. The relevant subthemes were then organized, and freshly coded all of the interviews using the finalized codebook.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Social support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l284" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt205"><p class="no_top_margin">Friends and family</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt206"><p class="no_top_margin">Partners</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Staff support</b><dl id="ch6.l285" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt207"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating transition into parenting role</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt208"><p class="no_top_margin">Interpersonal relationships</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Parent-to-parent support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l286" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt209"><p class="no_top_margin">Shared experiences</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref15">Wigert 2014</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Sweden</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 27</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n= 11</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n=16</p>
|
||
<p>Mother’s age, mean= 33</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers age, mean= 34</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 22</p>
|
||
<p>Number of days in the NICU, median (IQR)= 33 (11 to 120)</p>
|
||
<p>Infants born prematurely, n= 17</p>
|
||
<p>Infants born at full term, n= 5</p>
|
||
<p>Mechanical ventilation, n= 13</p>
|
||
<p>Nasal CPAP, n= 13</p>
|
||
<p>RDS, n= 18</p>
|
||
<p>Cerebral haemorrhage or neonatal stroke, n= 8</p>
|
||
<p>Congenital anomaly, n= 3</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Open-ended interviews were conducted and recorded digitally in the parent’s home. Interviews lasted between 23 and 70 minutes.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The interviews were transcribed verbatim. No predetermined hypotheses or theories were used. The meanings in the text were condensed, compared and grouped in clusters, which were compared and contrasted.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Staff support</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l287" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt210"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating parents in participating in care</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt211"><p class="no_top_margin">Facilitating transition into parenting role</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt212"><p class="no_top_margin">Communication to reduce stress</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt213"><p class="no_top_margin">Interpersonal relationships</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt214"><p class="no_top_margin">Continuity of care</p></dd></dl></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; HFNC: high flow nasal cannula; IQR: inter-quartile range; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; SD: standard deviation; TPN: total parenteral nutrition</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch6.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul id="ch6.l304"><li id="ch6.lt231" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies who require respiratory support</div></li><li id="ch6.lt232" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies of parents or carers whose baby is born below 37 weeks gestation</div></li></ul>
|
||
<b>Exclusions:</b>
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l305"><li id="ch6.lt233" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies with any congenital abnormalities other than patent ductus arteriosus</div></li><li id="ch6.lt234" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parents or carers of preterm babies who are ventilated solely due to a specific non-respiratory comorbidity, such as sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, neurological disorders</div></li><li id="ch6.lt235" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quantitative data</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention/context</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information content with regards to preterm babies who are receiving respiratory support during their stay on the neonatal unit</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Themes</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Themes will be identified from the literature, but expected themes are:
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l306"><li id="ch6.lt236" class="half_rhythm"><div>Formats
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l307" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt237" class="half_rhythm"><div>In person
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l308" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt238"><p class="no_top_margin">Presentations</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt239"><p class="no_top_margin">Health care professionals</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt240"><p class="no_top_margin">Peer support groups</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt241"><p class="no_top_margin">Neonatal groups</p></dd></dl></div></li><li id="ch6.lt242" class="half_rhythm"><div>Print
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l309" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt243"><p class="no_top_margin">Pamphlets, books, magazines</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt244"><p class="no_top_margin">Parent information binder</p></dd></dl></div></li><li id="ch6.lt245" class="half_rhythm"><div>Online
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l310" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt246"><p class="no_top_margin">Videos</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt247"><p class="no_top_margin">Webinars</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt248"><p class="no_top_margin">Condition-specific organisations</p></dd></dl></div></li><li id="ch6.lt249" class="half_rhythm"><div>Internet resources</div></li><li id="ch6.lt250" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technology
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l311" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt251"><p class="no_top_margin">Television</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt252"><p class="no_top_margin">DVD</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt253"><p class="no_top_margin">Mobile applications</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt254"><p class="no_top_margin">Call line</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt255"><p class="no_top_margin">Audio recordings</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt256"><p class="no_top_margin">Webcams</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt257"><p class="no_top_margin">Baby diaries/journey boxes</p></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt258" class="half_rhythm"><div>Qualities
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l312" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt259" class="half_rhythm"><div>Availability of different languages</div></li><li id="ch6.lt260" class="half_rhythm"><div>Equality of access e.g. vision impairment</div></li><li id="ch6.lt261" class="half_rhythm"><div>Timing of access</div></li><li id="ch6.lt262" class="half_rhythm"><div>Frequency of accessibility. For example is a particular format really valuable, but very hard to get access to?</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt263" class="half_rhythm"><div>Types of information
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l313" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt264" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinical Information
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l314" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt265"><p class="no_top_margin">Equipment</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt266"><p class="no_top_margin">Prognosis</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt267"><p class="no_top_margin">Participation in ward rounds</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt268"><p class="no_top_margin">Risks</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt269"><p class="no_top_margin">Medication</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt270"><p class="no_top_margin">Medical options</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt271"><p class="no_top_margin">Infant’s health and care
|
||
<ul id="ch6.l315" class="simple-list"><li id="ch6.lt272" class="half_rhythm"><div>Feeding and weight gain</div></li><li id="ch6.lt273" class="half_rhythm"><div>Behavioural cues and developmental stages</div></li></ul></p></dd></dl></div></li><li id="ch6.lt274" class="half_rhythm"><div>Parent/carer-infant bonding information
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l316" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt275"><p class="no_top_margin">Positive touch techniques, including kangaroo care (skin-to-skin contact with the baby against the parent/carer’s chest) and comfort holding (cradling baby with still touch)</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt276"><p class="no_top_margin">Infant care - breastfeeding, feeding, changing</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt277"><p class="no_top_margin">Behavioural cues</p></dd></dl></div></li><li id="ch6.lt278" class="half_rhythm"><div>Coping information
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l317" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt279"><p class="no_top_margin">Support groups</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt280"><p class="no_top_margin">Stress education</p></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></li></ul></p>
|
||
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">DVD: digital video disc</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="whole_rhythm bk_prnt_obj"><div id="ch6.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577836/table/ch6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study details</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Participants</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Methods</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Themes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref1">Calam 1999</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>UK</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n= 76</p>
|
||
<p>Median age, median (IQR)= 25 (17 to 40)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 76</p>
|
||
<p>Male, n= 44</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, weeks, median (IQR)= 28 (23-34)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, median (IQR)= 1185 (661-2230)</p>
|
||
<p>Days on NICU, median (IQR)= 61 (8-251)</p>
|
||
<p>Intracranial haemorrhage, n =34</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format 12-24 weeks after birth. Mothers also completed a Malaise Inventory to assess current emotional well-being.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Data generated from interviews were categorised and coded. Researchers applied numerical codes according to the degree of recall, understanding or satisfaction to the prediction for the future and assessment of maternal mental health.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Prenatal and Postnatal Information</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l319" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt286"><p class="no_top_margin">Difficulty absorbing prenatal information</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt287"><p class="no_top_margin">Postnatal care</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref2">Feeley 2013</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Canada</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n= 18</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 21</p>
|
||
<p>Medical treatments, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p>Mechanical ventilation/high-frequency ventilation= 15 (71.4)</p>
|
||
<p>CPAP/HFNC= 18 (85.7)</p>
|
||
<p>Intravenous or central line= 21 (100)</p>
|
||
<p>Isolation= 0 (0)</p>
|
||
<p>Chest tube= 1 (4.8)</p>
|
||
<p>Gavage/TPN= 18 (85.7)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted by a female interviewer in a private room adjacent to the NICU with no other persons present. Interviews were audio recorded and lasted between 45–90 minutes. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, and data pertaining to the infant’s condition were gathered from the medical record.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The interview data were subjected to inductive content analysis. Analysis and interviews occurred concurrently. First, transcripts of the interviews were verified for accuracy, and notes recorded following the interview were inserted into the transcripts. These codes were further examined and compared between transcripts as data collection continued.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Infant’s Health Status</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l320" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt288"><p class="no_top_margin">Understanding the medical condition</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Caring for the Infant</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l321" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt289"><p class="no_top_margin">Parenting activities</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>For the Future</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l322" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt290"><p class="no_top_margin">Decision making</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref3">Gibbs 2016</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>UK</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=6</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n (%)= 3 (50)</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n (%)= 3 (50)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=3</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, median (IQR)= 28 + 6 (24 +1 to 29 + 4)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, median (IQR)= 1070 (620 to 1450)</p>
|
||
<p>Length of NICU stay, days, median (IQR)= 76 (62 to 117)</p>
|
||
<p>Days on ventilation, median (IQR)= 3 (1 to 29)</p>
|
||
<p>Days on CPAP, median (IQR)= 8 (7 to 76)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The participants engaged in a semi-structured in-depth interview. All participants elected to be interviewed as couples in their home. The interviews, lasting between 60 and 90 min, were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim the first author.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Paradigmatic data analysis was conducted manually with a process similar to inductive content coding. The transcripts were openly code, this initial coding structure then underwent two further stages of refinement as the codes were grouped into larger categories. The summary categories developed from each interview were then compared across transcripts to identify common or recurrent experiences.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Infant’s Health Status</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l323" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt291"><p class="no_top_margin">Understanding the medical condition</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Caring for the Infant</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l324" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt292"><p class="no_top_margin">Parenting activities</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref4">Guillaume 2013</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>France</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 60</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n (%)= 30 (50)</p>
|
||
<p>Age mother, years, mean (SD): 30.7 (6.6)</p>
|
||
<p>Age father, years, mean (SD): 33.5 (6.8)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 49</p>
|
||
<p>Female, n (%)= 29 (59)</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, weeks, mean (SD)= 27 (2)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, mean (SD)= 965 (206)</p>
|
||
<p>Ventilation type at time of interview, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p>Spontaneous ventilation= 8 (16)</p>
|
||
<p>Nasal ventilation= 30 (61)</p>
|
||
<p>Endotracheal ventilation= 11 (22)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Semi-directive interviews lasting 60-90 minutes were conducted by a social psychologist trained in research and not involved in a NICU. Audio recordings of the interviews were made. Fathers and mothers were interviewed separately.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The interviews were analysed using discourse analysis. Researchers performed a horizontal analysis, with immersion and manual coding of themes, and a vertical analysis that compared themes throughout.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p><b>Infant’s Health Status</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l325" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt293"><p class="no_top_margin">Receiving updates</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt294"><p class="no_top_margin">Recall of information</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Caring for the Infant</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l326" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt295"><p class="no_top_margin">Changes in care</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt296"><p class="no_top_margin">Behavioural cues</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Understanding the NICU environment</b></p>
|
||
<p><b>Formats</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l327" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt297"><p class="no_top_margin">Telephone</p></dd></dl></p>
|
||
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref5">Heinemann 2013</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Sweden</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n= 7</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n= 6</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=7</p>
|
||
<p>n requiring ventilator support= 7</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age at birth, weeks, median (IQR)= 25 + 4 (23 + 5 to 27 + 6)</p>
|
||
<p>Range of birth weights, g= 492 – 1044</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Data was collected through interviews with parents that took place at least 1 week after the infant’s transfer from a NICU room to another room in the hospital. Interviews were conducted by the first author using a conversation guide.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Analysis of the data took place continuously throughout the interview period. The authors read the text and used qualitative content analysis - first they identified meaning units, secondly they condensed these units into codes and further subcategories.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Infant’s Health Status</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l328" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt298"><p class="no_top_margin">Recall of information</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Caring for the Infant</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l329" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt299"><p class="no_top_margin">Parenting activities</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref5">Kavanaugh 2006</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n= 6</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n=2</p>
|
||
<p>Mother’s age, years, mean (SD)= 28 (5.09)</p>
|
||
<p>Father’s age, years= 21 and 31</p>
|
||
<p>Years of education, mean (SD)= 12.87 (1.64)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, range= 597-723</p>
|
||
<p>Receiving ventilatory support at the end of data collection period, n= 2</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Prenatal interviews were performed in person and audio-recorded and maternal and infant hospital records were reviewed. The co-investigator conducted interviews with the physicians and nurses. Parents were contacted weekly until the 25th week of gestation of the infant to ascertain life support decisions. Postnatal interviews were conducted. An end-of-life interview was conducted with the mother of the infant who died</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data from interviews were combined with medical records and demographic forms to acquire an overall picture of the participants’ experiences. The Ottawa Framework was used as the organising framework for data management. Data were coded as per the framework and were compared within and across each case.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Prenatal and Postnatal</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l330" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt300"><p class="no_top_margin">Inability to absorb information prenatally</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt301"><p class="no_top_margin">Prenatal maternal and infant health</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt302"><p class="no_top_margin">Postnatal</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Caring for the infant</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l331" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt303"><p class="no_top_margin">Breastfeeding</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>For the Future</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l332" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt304"><p class="no_top_margin">Plans for future pregnancies</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt305"><p class="no_top_margin">Decision making</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Formats</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l333" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt306"><p class="no_top_margin">Nurses</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt307"><p class="no_top_margin">Physician or neonatologist</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt308"><p class="no_top_margin">Timing and consistency</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref7">Neu 1999</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 9</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n= 8</p>
|
||
<p>Age, mean= 25.9</p>
|
||
<p>Singleton birth, n= 9</p>
|
||
<p>First time parents, n = 4</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 9</p>
|
||
<p>n on assisted ventilation= 9</p>
|
||
<p>Female, n= 6</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, mean (SD)= 1064 (423)</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, weeks, mean (SD)= 27.2 (2.0)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The research design incorporated two interviews, one conducted immediately after two skin-to-skin care session and a follow-up interview conducted several months later. The investigator or research assistant took videos lasting 8 - 10 minutes as well as field notes.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The investigator transcribed the open-ended telephone interviews verbatim. The researchers applied codes, which were grouped into subthemes and main themes. Content from the videotaped segments were compiled and pooled with parent/infant behavioural data from the field notes and the parent narrative to provide a more complete description of the parent’s experience.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Caregiving information</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l334" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt309"><p class="no_top_margin">Skin to skin care</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref8">Pohlman 2009</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>US</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n= 9</p>
|
||
<p>Age, years, median (IQR)= 36 (22-39)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 9</p>
|
||
<p>Gestational age, weeks, median (IQR)= 28 (25-32)</p>
|
||
<p>Birth weight, g, median (IQR)= 933 (515-2196)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Interviews were conducted every 2-3 weeks and lasted 60-90 minutes. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interview guides were used to initiate conversation and encourage dialogue.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Data was analysed using an interpretive approach, which involved a systematic and circular process including reading of the narrative text; coding; and creating interpretive files</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Caring for the Infant</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l335" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt310"><p class="no_top_margin">Parenting activities</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Understanding the NICU Environment</b></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref9">Smith 2012</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>USA</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n=29</p>
|
||
<p>Parent, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p>Mother= 20 (69)</p>
|
||
<p>Father= 9 (31)</p>
|
||
<p>Parental age at delivery, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p>18-24 y= 3 (10)</p>
|
||
<p>24-34 y= 10 (34)</p>
|
||
<p>>/= 35 y= 2 (7)</p>
|
||
<p>Missing/declined= 2 (7)</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 40</p>
|
||
<p>Infant gestational age at delivery, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p></= 28 wk= 15 (37)</p>
|
||
<p>29-33 wk= 19 (48)</p>
|
||
<p>>/= 11 (28)</p>
|
||
<p>Complications, n (%)</p>
|
||
<p>Respiratory distress syndrome treated with surfactant= 29 (72)</p>
|
||
<p>Patent ductus arteriosis treated either medically or surgically= 14 (35)</p>
|
||
<p>Retinopathy of prematurity= 5 (13)</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>One researcher conducted all interviews in person or by telephone, using the interview script and appropriate probing as needed. The in-person interviews were conducted either in the infant’s room in the NICU, in one of the NICU parent rooms, or in a researcher’s office, depending on family’s preference. The interviews lasted 21 to 80 minutes, with the average being 45 minutes. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Researchers identified and organised key themes that described parental coping strategies used to handle the NICU experience and the ways that staff supported them. Authors developed a codebook, which was then refined the codebook by reviewing the remaining interviews until they had reached thematic saturation. The relevant subthemes were then organized, and freshly coded all of the interviews using the finalized codebook.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Prenatal and Postnatal Information</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l336" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt311"><p class="no_top_margin">Inability to absorb information prenatally</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Caring for Infant</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l337" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt312"><p class="no_top_margin">Parenting activities</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Formats</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l338" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt313"><p class="no_top_margin">Telephone</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt314"><p class="no_top_margin">Medical team</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt315"><p class="no_top_margin">Nurses</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt316"><p class="no_top_margin">Physician or neonatologist</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt317"><p class="no_top_margin">Timing and Consistency</p></dd><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt318"><p class="no_top_margin">Other resources</p></dd></dl></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a class="bk_pop" href="#ch6.s1.3.ref10">Wigert 2014</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Sweden</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study parents</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 27</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers, n= 11</p>
|
||
<p>Mothers, n=16</p>
|
||
<p>Mother’s age, mean= 33</p>
|
||
<p>Fathers age, mean= 34</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Study infants</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>n= 22</p>
|
||
<p>Number of days in the NICU, median (IQR)= 33 (11 to 120)</p>
|
||
<p>Infants born prematurely, n= 17</p>
|
||
<p>Infants born at full term, n= 5</p>
|
||
<p>Mechanical ventilation, n= 13</p>
|
||
<p>Nasal CPAP, n= 13</p>
|
||
<p>RDS, n= 18</p>
|
||
<p>Cerebral haemorrhage or neonatal stroke, n= 8</p>
|
||
<p>Congenital anomaly, n= 3</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Collection</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>Open-ended interviews were conducted and recorded digitally in the parent’s home. Interviews lasted between 23 and 70 minutes.</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<b>Data Analysis</b>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>The interviews were transcribed verbatim. No predetermined hypotheses or theories were used. The meanings in the text were condensed, compared and grouped in clusters, which were compared and contrasted.</p>
|
||
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Prenatal and Postnatal Information</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l339" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt319"><p class="no_top_margin">Postnatal</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Understanding the Infant’s Health Status</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l340" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt320"><p class="no_top_margin">Understanding the medical condition</p></dd></dl>
|
||
<b>Caring for the Infant</b>
|
||
<dl id="ch6.l341" class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>-</dt><dd id="ch6.lt321"><p class="no_top_margin">Parenting activities</p></dd></dl></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; g: grams; HFNC: high flow nasal cannula; IQR: inter-quartile range; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; RDS: respiratory distress syndrome; SD: standard deviation; TPN: total parenteral nutrition; y: years</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div style="display:none"><div style="display:none" id="figch6appjfig16"><img alt="Image ch6appjf1" src-large="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appjf1.jpg" /></div><div style="display:none" id="figch6appjfig17"><img alt="Image ch6appjf2" src-large="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appjf2.jpg" /></div><div style="display:none" id="figch6appjfig18"><img alt="Image ch6appjf3" src-large="/books/NBK577836/bin/ch6appjf3.jpg" /></div></div><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews</p><p>These evidence reviews were developed by the National Guideline Alliance, hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK577836</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35157410" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">35157410</a></span></div></div></div>
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|
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