455 lines
75 KiB
Text
455 lines
75 KiB
Text
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" class="no-js no-jr">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<!-- For pinger, set start time and add meta elements. -->
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">var ncbi_startTime = new Date();</script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Logger begin -->
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-toc">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK577830">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_domain" content="niceng208er11">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_report" content="reader">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK577830/?report=reader">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pagename" content="Evidence review for monitoring in people with repaired or replaced heart valves - NCBI Bookshelf">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_bookparttype" content="toc">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf">
|
|
<!-- Logger end -->
|
|
|
|
<!--component id="Page" label="meta"/-->
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Evidence review for monitoring in people with repaired or replaced heart valves - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="no">
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no">
|
|
<meta name="jr-col-layout" content="1">
|
|
<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE,NOIMAGEINDEX">
|
|
<meta name="author" content="National Guideline Centre (UK)">
|
|
<meta name="citation_title" content="Evidence review for monitoring in people with repaired or replaced heart valves">
|
|
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)">
|
|
<meta name="citation_date" content="2021/11">
|
|
<meta name="citation_author" content="National Guideline Centre (UK)">
|
|
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="35143142">
|
|
<meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577830/">
|
|
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Evidence review for monitoring in people with repaired or replaced heart valves">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Type" content="Text">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="National Guideline Centre (UK)">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021/11">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577830/">
|
|
<meta name="og:title" content="Evidence review for monitoring in people with repaired or replaced heart valves">
|
|
<meta name="og:type" content="book">
|
|
<meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577830/">
|
|
<meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf">
|
|
<meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng208er11-lrg.png">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks">
|
|
<meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/niceng208er11/toc/?report=reader">
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577830/">
|
|
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Archivo+Narrow:400,700,400italic,700italic&subset=latin" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/css/libs.min.css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/css/jr.min.css">
|
|
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css//books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_reader.min.css" type="text/css">
|
|
<style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style>
|
|
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8B08737D6F06810000000000E700C3.m_5">
|
|
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3852956/3849091.css"></head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<!-- Book content! -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="jr" data-jr-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/"><div class="jr-unsupported"><table class="modal"><tr><td><span class="attn inline-block"></span><br />Your browser does not support the NLM PubReader view.<br />Go to <a href="/pmc/about/pr-browsers/">this page</a> to see a list of supported browsers<br />or return to the <br /><a href="/books/NBK577830/?report=classic">regular view</a>.</td></tr></table></div><div id="jr-ui" class="hidden"><nav id="jr-head"><div class="flexh tb"><div id="jr-tb1"><a id="jr-links-sw" class="hidden" title="Links"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 70.6 85.3" style="enable-background:new 0 0 70.6 85.3;vertical-align:middle" xml:space="preserve" width="24" height="24">
|
|
<style type="text/css">.st0{fill:#939598;}</style>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M36,0C12.8,2.2-22.4,14.6,19.6,32.5C40.7,41.4-30.6,14,35.9,9.8"></path>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M34.5,85.3c23.2-2.2,58.4-14.6,16.4-32.5c-21.1-8.9,50.2,18.5-16.3,22.7"></path>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M34.7,37.1c66.5-4.2-4.8-31.6,16.3-22.7c42.1,17.9,6.9,30.3-16.4,32.5h1.7c-66.2,4.4,4.8,31.6-16.3,22.7 c-42.1-17.9-6.9-30.3,16.4-32.5"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</svg> Books</a></div><div class="jr-rhead f1 flexh"></div><div id="jr-tb2"><a id="jr-bkhelp-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Help with NLM PubReader">?</a><a id="jr-help-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Settings and typography in NLM PubReader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M462,283.742v-55.485l-29.981-10.662c-11.431-4.065-20.628-12.794-25.274-24.001 c-0.002-0.004-0.004-0.009-0.006-0.013c-4.659-11.235-4.333-23.918,0.889-34.903l13.653-28.724l-39.234-39.234l-28.72,13.652 c-10.979,5.219-23.68,5.546-34.908,0.889c-0.005-0.002-0.01-0.003-0.014-0.005c-11.215-4.65-19.933-13.834-24-25.273L283.741,50 h-55.484l-10.662,29.981c-4.065,11.431-12.794,20.627-24.001,25.274c-0.005,0.002-0.009,0.004-0.014,0.005 c-11.235,4.66-23.919,4.333-34.905-0.889l-28.723-13.653l-39.234,39.234l13.653,28.721c5.219,10.979,5.545,23.681,0.889,34.91 c-0.002,0.004-0.004,0.009-0.006,0.013c-4.649,11.214-13.834,19.931-25.271,23.998L50,228.257v55.485l29.98,10.661 c11.431,4.065,20.627,12.794,25.274,24c0.002,0.005,0.003,0.01,0.005,0.014c4.66,11.236,4.334,23.921-0.888,34.906l-13.654,28.723 l39.234,39.234l28.721-13.652c10.979-5.219,23.681-5.546,34.909-0.889c0.005,0.002,0.01,0.004,0.014,0.006 c11.214,4.649,19.93,13.833,23.998,25.271L228.257,462h55.484l10.595-29.79c4.103-11.538,12.908-20.824,24.216-25.525 c0.005-0.002,0.009-0.004,0.014-0.006c11.127-4.628,23.694-4.311,34.578,0.863l28.902,13.738l39.234-39.234l-13.66-28.737 c-5.214-10.969-5.539-23.659-0.886-34.877c0.002-0.005,0.004-0.009,0.006-0.014c4.654-11.225,13.848-19.949,25.297-24.021 L462,283.742z M256,331.546c-41.724,0-75.548-33.823-75.548-75.546s33.824-75.547,75.548-75.547 c41.723,0,75.546,33.824,75.546,75.547S297.723,331.546,256,331.546z"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Find"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 550 600" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-cmap-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Table of Contents"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M20,20h10v8H20V20zM36,20h44v8H36V20zM20,37.33h10v8H20V37.33zM36,37.33h44v8H36V37.33zM20,54.66h10v8H20V54.66zM36,54.66h44v8H36V54.66zM20,72h10v8 H20V72zM36,72h44v8H36V72z"></path></svg></a></div></div></nav><nav id="jr-dash" class="noselect"><nav id="jr-dash" class="noselect"><div id="jr-pi" class="hidden"><a id="jr-pi-prev" class="hidden" title="Previous page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a><div class="pginfo">Page <i class="jr-pg-pn">0</i> of <i class="jr-pg-lp">0</i></div><a id="jr-pi-next" class="hidden" title="Next page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div><div id="jr-is-tb"><a id="jr-is-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Switch between Figures/Tables strip and Progress bar"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><rect x="10" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect><rect x="40" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect><rect x="70" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect></svg></a></div><nav id="jr-istrip" class="istrip hidden"><a id="jr-is-prev" href="#" class="hidden" title="Previous"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M80,40 60,65 80,90 70,90 50,65 70,40z M50,40 30,65 50,90 40,90 20,65 40,40z"></path><text x="35" y="25" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a><a id="jr-is-next" href="#" class="hidden" title="Next"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M20,40 40,65 20,90 30,90 50,65 30,40z M50,40 70,65 50,90 60,90 80,65 60,40z"></path><text x="15" y="25" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></nav><nav id="jr-progress"></nav></nav></nav><aside id="jr-links-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">NCBI Bookshelf</div></div><div class="cnt lol f1"><a href="/books/">Home</a><a href="/books/browse/">Browse All Titles</a><a class="btn share" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577830/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 33 33" style="vertical-align:middle" width="24" height="24" preserveAspectRatio="none"><g><path d="M 17.996,32L 12,32 L 12,16 l-4,0 l0-5.514 l 4-0.002l-0.006-3.248C 11.993,2.737, 13.213,0, 18.512,0l 4.412,0 l0,5.515 l-2.757,0 c-2.063,0-2.163,0.77-2.163,2.209l-0.008,2.76l 4.959,0 l-0.585,5.514L 18,16L 17.996,32z"></path></g></svg> Share on Facebook</a><a class="btn share" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577830/&text=Evidence%20review%20for%20monitoring%20in%20people%20with%20repaired%20or%20replaced%20heart%20valves"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 33 33" style="vertical-align:middle" width="24" height="24"><g><path d="M 32,6.076c-1.177,0.522-2.443,0.875-3.771,1.034c 1.355-0.813, 2.396-2.099, 2.887-3.632 c-1.269,0.752-2.674,1.299-4.169,1.593c-1.198-1.276-2.904-2.073-4.792-2.073c-3.626,0-6.565,2.939-6.565,6.565 c0,0.515, 0.058,1.016, 0.17,1.496c-5.456-0.274-10.294-2.888-13.532-6.86c-0.565,0.97-0.889,2.097-0.889,3.301 c0,2.278, 1.159,4.287, 2.921,5.465c-1.076-0.034-2.088-0.329-2.974-0.821c-0.001,0.027-0.001,0.055-0.001,0.083 c0,3.181, 2.263,5.834, 5.266,6.438c-0.551,0.15-1.131,0.23-1.73,0.23c-0.423,0-0.834-0.041-1.235-0.118 c 0.836,2.608, 3.26,4.506, 6.133,4.559c-2.247,1.761-5.078,2.81-8.154,2.81c-0.53,0-1.052-0.031-1.566-0.092 c 2.905,1.863, 6.356,2.95, 10.064,2.95c 12.076,0, 18.679-10.004, 18.679-18.68c0-0.285-0.006-0.568-0.019-0.849 C 30.007,8.548, 31.12,7.392, 32,6.076z"></path></g></svg> Share on Twitter</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-cmap-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">In Page Navigation</div></div><div class="cnt lol f1"><a href="/books/n/niceercollect/?report=reader">NICE Evidence Reviews Collection</a><a class="current">Title Information</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-help-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">Settings</div></div><div class="cnt f1"><div id="jr-typo-p" class="typo"><div><a class="sf btn wsprkl">A-</a><a class="lf btn wsprkl">A+</a></div><div><a class="bcol-auto btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 200 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text x="10" y="70" style="font-size:60px;font-family: Trebuchet MS, ArialMT, Arial, sans-serif" textLength="180">AUTO</text></svg></a><a class="bcol-1 btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M15,25 85,25zM15,40 85,40zM15,55 85,55zM15,70 85,70z"></path></svg></a><a class="bcol-2 btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M5,25 45,25z M55,25 95,25zM5,40 45,40z M55,40 95,40zM5,55 45,55z M55,55 95,55zM5,70 45,70z M55,70 95,70z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="lol"><a class="" href="/books/NBK577830/?report=classic">Switch to classic view</a><a href="/books/n/niceng208er11/pdf/">PDF (535K)</a><a href="/books/n/niceng208er11/toc/?report=printable">Print View</a></div></div></aside><aside id="jr-bkhelp-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">Help</div></div><div class="cnt f1 lol"><a id="jr-helpobj-sw" data-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/" data-href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/img/bookshelf/help.xml" href="">Help</a><a href="mailto:info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov?subject=PubReader%20feedback%20%2F%20NBK577830%20%2F%20sid%3ACE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID%20%2F%20phid%3ACE8B08737D6F06810000000000E700C3.4">Send us feedback</a><a id="jr-about-sw" data-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/" data-href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/img/bookshelf/about.xml" href="">About PubReader</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-objectbox" class="thidden hidden"><div class="jr-objectbox-close wsprkl">✘</div><div class="jr-objectbox-inner cnt"><div class="jr-objectbox-drawer"></div></div></aside><nav id="jr-pm-left" class="hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 800" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text font-stretch="ultra-condensed" x="800" y="-15" text-anchor="end" transform="rotate(90)" font-size="18" letter-spacing=".1em">Previous Page</text></svg></nav><nav id="jr-pm-right" class="hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 800" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text font-stretch="ultra-condensed" x="800" y="-15" text-anchor="end" transform="rotate(90)" font-size="18" letter-spacing=".1em">Next Page</text></svg></nav><nav id="jr-fip" class="hidden"><nav id="jr-fip-term-p"><input type="search" placeholder="search this page" id="jr-fip-term" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" /><a id="jr-fip-mg" class="wsprkl btn" title="Find"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 550 600" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-done" class="wsprkl btn" title="Dismiss find">✘</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style"><div class="fm-sec bkr_bottom_sep"><div class="bkr_thumb"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng208er11-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence review for monitoring in people with repaired or replaced heart valves" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK577830_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for monitoring in people with repaired or replaced heart valves</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Heart valve disease presenting in adults: investigation and management</div><p><b>Evidence review K</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 208</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2021 Nov</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-4301-2</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2021.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1"><h2 id="_niceng208er11_s1_">1. Monitoring</h2><div id="niceng208er11.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What is the most clinically and cost-effective frequency of echocardiography or clinical review for monitoring in adults with repaired or replaced heart valves?</h3></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>Repaired or replaced heart valves may fail or degenerate, developing progressive clinical and haemodynamic consequences that lead to a need for reintervention. However, the progression to a need for reintervention is usually slow and predictable. It is important to determine the most clinically and cost-effective frequency of echocardiography or clinical review for monitoring of repaired or replaced heart valves.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng208er11.appa">Appendix A</a>:.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng208er11tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577830/table/niceng208er11.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng208er11tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng208er11tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577830/table/niceng208er11.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577830/table/niceng208er11.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng208er11.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577830/table/niceng208er11.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng208er11tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="niceng208er11.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>Searches were performed for both randomised controlled trials and observational studies matching the protocol. However, no relevant clinical studies comparing different frequencies of echocardiography monitoring following valve intervention were identified for any of the listed strata.</p><p>One retrospective audit of the follow-up practice of those that had undergone surgical heart valve repair or replacement at a UK tertiary centre was identified,<a class="bibr" href="#niceng208er11.ref1" rid="niceng208er11.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a> which compared practice at the centre with existing European guidelines. Although mortality between those with yearly follow-up and those without yearly follow-up could be calculated from the information presented, no adjustment was performed for any confounding factors and baseline characteristics within the two groups were not reported. Therefore this study was not included in the review but was noted as a relevant source concerning current practice for monitoring of those with repaired or replaced valves in the UK.</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng208er11.appc">Appendix C</a>:, study evidence tables in <a href="#niceng208er11.appd">Appendix D</a>:, forest plots in <a href="#niceng208er11.appe">Appendix E</a>:and GRADE tables in <a href="#niceng208er11.appf">Appendix F</a>:.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#niceng208er11.appi">Appendix I</a>:.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>No clinical evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.4.4"><h4>1.4.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>No clinical evidence was identified for this review.</p><p>See <a href="#niceng208er11.appf">Appendix F</a>: for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="niceng208er11.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>No health economic studies were included.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were excluded due to assessment of limited applicability or methodological limitations.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng208er11.appg">Appendix G</a>:.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h4><p>No economic studies were included</p></div></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="niceng208er11.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><p>No clinical evidence was identified.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><p>No relevant economic evaluations were identified.</p></div></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="niceng208er11.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="niceng208er11.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>Outcomes considered to be critical as listed in the protocol were all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, health-related quality of life, stroke or TIA and hospitalisation for heart failure or other cardiac event.</p><p>One additional outcome of new-onset atrial fibrillation was included as an important outcome.</p><p>It was agreed that in terms of time-points for outcome reporting, where possible, all outcomes should be reported at 6 months (when follow-up is more frequent than once a year) and ≥12 months (for all monitoring frequencies). Where multiple time-points are reported within a single study, the longest time-point only would be extracted.</p><p>The outcome of stroke or TIA was included in this review but not in the other monitoring review as stroke and TIA is more of an issue once intervention has been performed on the valve.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>No clinical evidence was included in the review.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>In the absence of any evidence matching the protocol for this review, the committee discussed current practice with regards to the frequency of echocardiography performed following valve intervention and used this to inform a consensus recommendation.</p><p>The committee noted that current practice for those that had received valve repair or replacement was variable and depends on patient factors, such as comorbidities and the shape of the heart due to either other cardiac disease or previous cardiac operations, as well as the type of procedure that has been performed (repair or replacement).</p><p>In addition, the type of valve used if replacement was performed is also a factor that means follow-up frequency post-intervention varies. The committee agreed that the durability of mechanical valves is considered to be very good and the risk of needing a redo operation due to valve failure following the operation is low, whereas bioprosthetic valves have a lower durability and deterioration may occur within 10 years. Due to this, the committee noted that in some cases mechanical valves may be monitored initially over the first 12 months and then not followed up regularly unless any problems develop, but that practice was variable for mechanical valve monitoring. However, with bioprosthetic valves monitoring would usually be performed more often – though the committee noted that the frequency of follow-up for those with bioprosthetic valves does vary in practice, with examples including, but not limited to, follow-up annually starting from the year of the operation and others starting annual follow-up of the valves once 5 years has passed.</p><p>It was also agreed that any concerns about abnormal valve function or consequences of the procedure, for example paravalvular leak, may also affect the frequency of monitoring, as if there are existing concerns then follow-up may be performed more often than for those where there are no current concerns about the valve function or consequences of the procedure.</p><p>The committee also noted the potential effects that the frequency of follow-up can have on patients and that it should be discussed with the patient. For example, follow-up more frequently could increase the anxiety of some patients as they feel they are not able to go about their life without thinking about their condition for a substantial period of time, while for others more frequent follow-up may help to ease any concerns they have about their condition.</p><p>The committee agreed that despite the monitoring frequency agreed upon, it is important to encourage patients who feel that their condition has deteriorated to seek further review and arrange for a follow-up sooner. In addition, the committee noted that follow-up for other concomitant cardiac conditions should be performed as appropriate.</p><p>Overall, in terms of current practice, the committee agreed that practice was variable and used this to develop a consensus recommendation for the monitoring of those with repaired or replaced heart valves. This recommendation did not specify a frequency at which follow-up should be performed but that the decision should be based on the durability of the prosthetic valve or of the result of the repair, the presence of another condition, including other heart disease, residual valve abnormality or consequences of the procedure (for example, paravalvular leak), concerns about abnormal valve function and the patient’s wishes, as described in detail in the previous paragraphs. The recommendation also states that people and their family or carers should be advised to seek advice if their heart condition deteriorates in between scheduled follow-up appointments. The need for ongoing surveillance should be shared with the patient and relevant health care professionals as part of good clinical practice.</p><p>To address the lack of evidence the committee made a research recommendation (see <a href="#niceng208er11.appj.et1">Appendix J.1</a> for details) on the monitoring after different type of valve interventions including repair and replacement with tissue or mechanical valves.</p><p>Evidence from expert testimony to cover the population of pregnant women or women of childbearing age indicated that monitoring of pregnant women may be different in terms of the frequency and type of monitoring required, which is covered by a recommendation discussed in evidence review A about referring to a cardiologist with expertise in the care of pregnant women if they have moderate or severe valve disease, bicuspid aortic valve disease of any severity and associated aortopathy, or a mechanical prosthetic valve.</p></div></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>No health economic evidence was identified for this question.</p><p>The committee made a consensus recommendation to alert clinicians of the common factors that need to be taken into account when deciding on the frequency and type of monitoring for patients with a repaired or replaced heart valve. The committee noted that this recommendation is in line with current practice and does not necessary change the monitoring for this population and therefore unlikely to have a substantial resource impact.</p></div></div><div id="niceng208er11.s1.8"><h3>1.8. Recommendations supported by this evidence review</h3><p>This evidence review supports recommendation 1.8.1 and the research recommendation on monitoring after an intervention.</p></div></div><div id="niceng208er11.rl.r1"><h2 id="_niceng208er11_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref1">Alaour
|
|
B, Menexi
|
|
C, Shah
|
|
BN. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up of patients following surgical heart valve repair or replacement: a tertiary centre experience. Echo Research & Practice. 2018; 5(3):113–119 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6107756/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6107756</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29976783" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29976783</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref2">Alsaddique
|
|
A, Royse
|
|
AG, Royse
|
|
CF, Mobeirek
|
|
A, El Shaer
|
|
F, AlBackr
|
|
H
|
|
et al. Repeated monitoring with transthoracic echocardiography and lung ultrasound after cardiac surgery: Feasibility and impact on diagnosis. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2016; 30(2):406–412 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26723882" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26723882</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref3">Black
|
|
MM, Drury
|
|
PJ, Smith
|
|
GH. Long term clinical assessment of heart valve substitutes. Life Support Systems. 1983; 1(Suppl 1):301–304 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6400730" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6400730</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref4">Borregaard
|
|
B, Dahl
|
|
JS, Riber
|
|
LPS, Ekholm
|
|
O, Sibilitz
|
|
KL, Weiss
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Effect of early, individualised and intensified follow-up after open heart valve surgery on unplanned cardiac hospital readmissions and all-cause mortality. International Journal of Cardiology. 2019; 289:30–36 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31006596" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31006596</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref5">Cheng
|
|
HC, Kang
|
|
PL, Lin
|
|
SL. Management of mechanical heart valve obstruction. Journal of Internal Medicine of Taiwan. 2008; 19(5):379–386</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref6">Cho
|
|
IJ, Chang
|
|
HJ, Hong
|
|
GR, Heo
|
|
R, Sung
|
|
JM, Lee
|
|
SE
|
|
et al. Left atrial volume index as a predictor for persistent left ventricular dysfunction after aortic valve surgery in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation: The role of early postoperative echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2015; 32(6):896–903 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25252020" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25252020</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref7">Choi
|
|
JW, Kim
|
|
KH, Kim
|
|
SH, Yeom
|
|
SY, Hwang
|
|
HY, Kim
|
|
KB. Long-term results of tricuspid annuloplasty using MC3 ring for functional tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation Journal. 2018; 82(9):2358–2363 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29973430" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29973430</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref8">Collas
|
|
VM, Paelinck
|
|
BP, Rodrigus
|
|
IE, Vrints
|
|
CJ, Bosmans
|
|
JM. Aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) - Angiographic, echocardiographic and hemodynamic assessment in relation to one year outcome. International Journal of Cardiology. 2015; 194:13–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26011259" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26011259</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref9">Drury
|
|
PJ, Black
|
|
MM, Lawford
|
|
PV. The long-term clinical assessment of heart valve substitutes. Engineering in Medicine. 1987; 16(2):87–94 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3622893" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3622893</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref10">Egbe
|
|
A, Pislaru
|
|
SV, Ali
|
|
MA, Khan
|
|
AR, Boler
|
|
AN, Schaff
|
|
HV
|
|
et al. Early prosthetic valve dysfunction due to bioprosthetic valve thrombosis: The role of echocardiography. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2018; 11(7):951–958 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29055629" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29055629</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref11">Ellis
|
|
CJ, Waite
|
|
ST, Coverdale
|
|
HA, Jaffe
|
|
WM. Transoesophageal echocardiography in patients with prosthetic heart valves and systemic emboli: is it a useful investigation?
|
|
New Zealand Medical Journal. 1995; 108(1008):376–377 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7566784" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7566784</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref12">Fraser
|
|
AG, Yapanis
|
|
AG. Clinical assessment of prosthetic valve function. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology. 1992; 16(1):15–22 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1640443" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1640443</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref13">Fritzsche
|
|
D, Eitz
|
|
T, Laczkovics
|
|
A, Liebold
|
|
A, Knaut
|
|
M, Matschke
|
|
K
|
|
et al. Early detection of mechanical valve dysfunction using a new home monitoring device. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2007; 83(2):542–548 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17257985" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17257985</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref14">Fritzsche
|
|
D, Eitz
|
|
T, Minami
|
|
K, Reber
|
|
D, Laczkovics
|
|
A, Mehlhorn
|
|
U
|
|
et al. Digital frequency analysis of valve sound phenomena in patients after prosthetic valve surgery: Its capability as a true home monitoring of valve function. Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 2005; 14(5):657–663 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16245505" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16245505</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref15">Fritzsche
|
|
D, Schenk
|
|
S, Eitz
|
|
T, Mantas
|
|
J, Horstkotte
|
|
D, Koerfer
|
|
R. Patient self-monitoring of prosthetic heart valve function. Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 2007; 16(5):558–566 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17944129" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17944129</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref16">Gallo
|
|
G, Forte
|
|
M, Stanzione
|
|
R, Cotugno
|
|
M, Bianchi
|
|
F, Marchitti
|
|
S
|
|
et al. Functional role of natriuretic peptides in risk assessment and prognosis of patients with mitral regurgitation. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(5):1348 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7290430/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7290430</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32380651" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32380651</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref17">Gerber
|
|
W, Sanetra
|
|
K, Drzewiecka-Gerber
|
|
A, Jankowska-Sanetra
|
|
J, Bochenek
|
|
A, Zembala
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of the results of minimally invasive repair of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. Kardiologia Polska. 2019; 77(1):56–58 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30566208" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30566208</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref18">Gillham
|
|
M, Diprose
|
|
P, Ambler
|
|
J. A comparison of the degree of residual mitral regurgitation by intraoperative transoesophageal and follow-up transthoracic echocardiography following mitral valvuloplasty. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 2007; 35(2):194–198 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17444307" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17444307</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref19">Goncalves
|
|
A, Nyman
|
|
C, Okada
|
|
DR, Singh
|
|
A, Swanson
|
|
J, Cheezum
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Transthoracic echocardiography to assess aortic regurgitation after tavr: A comparison with periprocedural transesophageal echocardiography. Cardiology. 2017; 137(1):1–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27925612" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27925612</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref20">Greffe
|
|
G, Henaine
|
|
R, Metton
|
|
O, Nloga
|
|
J, Wautot
|
|
P, Robin
|
|
J
|
|
et al. Choice of echocardiography method for postoperative evaluation of mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2008; 101(4):204–212 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18654094" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18654094</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref21">Gripari
|
|
P, Mapelli
|
|
M, Bellacosa
|
|
I, Piazzese
|
|
C, Milo
|
|
M, Fusini
|
|
L
|
|
et al. Transthoracic echocardiography in patients undergoing mitral valve repair: comparison of new transthoracic 3D techniques to 2D transoesophageal echocardiography in the localization of mitral valve prolapse. International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2018; 34(7):1099–1107 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29484557" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29484557</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>22.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref22">Hansson
|
|
NC, Thuesen
|
|
L, Hjortdal
|
|
VE, Leipsic
|
|
J, Andersen
|
|
HR, Poulsen
|
|
SH
|
|
et al. Three-dimensional multidetector computed tomography versus conventional 2-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for annular sizing in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Influence on postprocedural paravalvular aortic regurgitation. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 2013; 82(6):977–986 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23703899" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23703899</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref23">Horstkotte
|
|
J, Kloeser
|
|
C, Beucher
|
|
H, Schwarzlaender
|
|
E, von Bardeleben
|
|
RS, Boekstegers
|
|
P. Intraprocedural assessment of mitral regurgitation during the mitraclip procedure: Impact of continuous left atrial pressure monitoring. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 2016; 88(7):1134–1143 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27038227" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27038227</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref24">Hulshof
|
|
HG, van Oorschot
|
|
F, van Dijk
|
|
AP, Hopman
|
|
MTE, George
|
|
KP, Oxborough
|
|
DL
|
|
et al. Changes in dynamic left ventricular function, assessed by the strain-volume loop, relate to reverse remodeling after aortic valve replacement. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2019; 127(2):415–422 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31246556" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31246556</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref25">Ikaheimo
|
|
M, Takkunen
|
|
J. Echocardiography after mitral valvotomy and in the diagnosis of mitral restenosis. Annals of Clinical Research. 1977; 9(4):201–206 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/616204" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 616204</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref26">Jilaihawi
|
|
H, Kashif
|
|
M, Fontana
|
|
G, Furugen
|
|
A, Shiota
|
|
T, Friede
|
|
G
|
|
et al. Cross-sectional computed tomographic assessment improves accuracy of aortic annular sizing for transcatheter aortic valve replacement and reduces the incidence of paravalvular aortic regurgitation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2012; 59(14):1275–1286 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22365424" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22365424</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref27">Johl
|
|
MM, Malhotra
|
|
P, Kehl
|
|
DW, Rader
|
|
F, Siegel
|
|
RJ. Natriuretic peptides in the evaluation and management of degenerative mitral regurgitation: a systematic review. Heart. 2017; 103(10):738–744 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28274956" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28274956</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref28">Katsanos
|
|
S, van Rosendael
|
|
P, Kamperidis
|
|
V, van der Kley
|
|
F, Regeer
|
|
M, Al-Amri
|
|
I
|
|
et al. Pericardial effusion following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: echocardiography and multi-detector row computed tomography evaluation. International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2015; 31(1):37–43 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25129473" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25129473</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref29">Lee
|
|
S, Lee
|
|
SP, Park
|
|
EA, Hong
|
|
MK, Kim
|
|
JH, Kim
|
|
HK
|
|
et al. Real-time 3D TEE for diagnosis of subvalvular pannus formation in mechanical aortic valves: comparison with multidetector CT and surgical findings. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2015; 8(12):1461–1464 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26699114" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26699114</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref30">Leitch
|
|
JW, Mitchell
|
|
AS, Harris
|
|
PJ, Fletcher
|
|
PJ, Bailey
|
|
BP. The effect of cardiac catheterization upon management of advanced aortic and mitral valve disease. European Heart Journal. 1991; 12(5):602–607 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1874260" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1874260</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref31">Levy
|
|
L, Martin
|
|
JL, Deeb
|
|
GM, Bach
|
|
DS. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography after aortic valve replacement does not predict subsequent transvalvular gradients. Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 2004; 13(6):881–886 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15597577" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15597577</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>32.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref32">Lie
|
|
I, Danielsen
|
|
SO, Tonnessen
|
|
T, Solheim
|
|
S, Leegaard
|
|
M, Sandvik
|
|
L
|
|
et al. Determining the impact of 24/7 phone support on hospital readmissions after aortic valve replacement surgery (the AVRre study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2017; 18(1):246 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6389149/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6389149</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28693599" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28693599</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref33">Lund
|
|
O, Emmertsen
|
|
K, Dorup
|
|
I, Jensen
|
|
FT, Flo
|
|
C. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy during 10 years after valve replacement for aortic stenosis is related to the preoperative risk profile. European Heart Journal. 2003; 24(15):1437–1446 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12909073" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12909073</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>34.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref34">Mastoris
|
|
I, Schoos
|
|
MM, Dangas
|
|
GD, Mehran
|
|
R. Stroke after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: incidence, risk factors, prognosis, and preventive strategies. Clinical Cardiology. 2014; 37(12):756–764 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6647626/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6647626</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25403514" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25403514</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>35.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref35">McCrindle
|
|
BW, Kan
|
|
JS. Long-term results after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. Circulation. 1991; 83(6):1915–1922 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2040044" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2040044</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref36">McLachlan
|
|
A, Sutton
|
|
T, Ding
|
|
P, Kerr
|
|
A. A nurse practitioner clinic: A novel approach to supporting patients following heart valve surgery. Heart, Lung & Circulation. 2015; 24(11):1126–1133 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25991391" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25991391</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref37">Melacini
|
|
P, Villanova
|
|
C, Thiene
|
|
G, Minarini
|
|
M, Fasoli
|
|
G, Bortolotti
|
|
U
|
|
et al. Long-term echocardiographic Doppler monitoring of Hancock bioprostheses in the aortic valve position. American Journal of Cardiology. 1993; 72(2):231–232 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8328391" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8328391</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref38">Melan
|
|
G, Bellato
|
|
A, Susin
|
|
FM, Bottio
|
|
T, Tarzia
|
|
V, Pengo
|
|
V
|
|
et al. Ultrasound phonocardiography for detecting thrombotic formations on bileaflet mechanical heart valves. Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 2013; 22(6):828–836 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24597405" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24597405</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref39">Nanda
|
|
NC, Cooper
|
|
JW, Mahan
|
|
EF, 3rd, Fan
|
|
P. Echocardiographic assessment of prosthetic valves. Circulation. 1991; 84(3 Suppl):I228–239 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1884491" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1884491</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref40">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual [updated 2020]. London. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Available from: <a href="http://www.nice.org.uk/article/PMG20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org.uk<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/article/PMG20/chapter<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26677490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26677490</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>41.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref41">Ozkan
|
|
A, Kapadia
|
|
S, Tuzcu
|
|
M, Marwick
|
|
TH. Assessment of left ventricular function in aortic stenosis. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2011; 8(9):494–501 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21670747" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21670747</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>42.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref42">Papanastasiou
|
|
CA, Kokkinidis
|
|
DG, Jonnalagadda
|
|
AK, Oikonomou
|
|
EK, Kampaktsis
|
|
PN, Garcia
|
|
MJ
|
|
et al. Meta-analysis of transthoracic echocardiography versus cardiac magnetic resonance for the assessment of aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. American Journal of Cardiology. 2019; 124(8):1246–1251 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31466694" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 31466694</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref43">Parpiyev
|
|
RS, Zufarov
|
|
MM, Abdumadjivov
|
|
KA, Abdullaeva
|
|
S, Khalikulov
|
|
KG. Echocardiographic monitoring of cardiac parameters after mitral valve replacement with the preservation of subvalvular structures. Chinese Medical Sciences Journal. 2011; 26(1):64–65 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21496426" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21496426</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref44">Parro
|
|
A, Jr., Carramona
|
|
ML, Amaral
|
|
CA, Jacob
|
|
JL, Nicolau
|
|
JC. Bioprosthetic mitral valve thrombosis. Importance of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis and follow-up after treatment. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. 2004; 82(4):346–359 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15320555" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15320555</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>45.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref45">Pislaru
|
|
SV, Nkomo
|
|
VT, Sandhu
|
|
GS. Assessment of prosthetic valve function after TAVR. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2016; 9(2):193–206 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26846938" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26846938</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>46.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref46">Ramondo
|
|
A, Chirillo
|
|
F, Dan
|
|
M, Isabella
|
|
G, Bonato
|
|
R, Rampazzo
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Value and limitations of transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring during percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy. International Journal of Cardiology. 1991; 31(2):223–233 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1869332" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1869332</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>47.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref47">Reid
|
|
CL, Rahimtoola
|
|
SH. The role of echocardiography/Doppler in catheter balloon treatment of adults with aortic and mitral stenosis. Circulation. 1991; 84(3 Suppl):I240–249 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1884492" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1884492</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>48.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref48">Roudaut
|
|
R, Gosse
|
|
P, Dallocchio
|
|
M. Assessing prosthetic heart valve function. Value of doppler echocardiography and patient/prosthetic valve identity and follow-up card. Echocardiography. 1992; 9(6):597–603 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10147798" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10147798</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>49.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref49">Singh
|
|
P, Inamdar
|
|
V, Hage
|
|
FG, Kodali
|
|
V, Karakus
|
|
G, Suwanjutah
|
|
T
|
|
et al. Usefulness of live/real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in evaluation of prosthetic valve function. Echocardiography. 2009; 26(10):1236–1249 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19929870" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19929870</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>50.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref50">Sinning
|
|
JM, Petronio
|
|
AS, Van Mieghem
|
|
N, Zucchelli
|
|
G, Nickenig
|
|
G, Bekeredjian
|
|
R
|
|
et al. Relation between clinical best practices and 6-month outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with CoreValve (from the ADVANCE II study). American Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 119(1):84–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27776799" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27776799</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>51.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref51">Sokalskis
|
|
V, Muraru
|
|
D, Fraccaro
|
|
C, Napodano
|
|
M, D’Onofrio
|
|
A, Tarantini
|
|
G
|
|
et al. Echocardiographic follow-up after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Echocardiography. 2017; 34(2):267–278 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28052455" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28052455</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>52.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref52">Soon
|
|
J, Pibarot
|
|
P, Blanke
|
|
P, Ohana
|
|
M, Leipsic
|
|
J. Multimodality imaging for planning and follow-up of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 33(9):1110–1123 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28666614" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28666614</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>53.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref53">Soschynski
|
|
M, Capilli
|
|
F, Ruile
|
|
P, Neumann
|
|
FJ, Langer
|
|
M, Krauss
|
|
T. Post-TAVI follow-up with MDCT of the valve prosthesis: Technical application, regular findings and typical local post-interventional complications. Rofo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin. 2018; 190(6):521–530 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29284171" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29284171</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>54.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref54">Stassano
|
|
P, Losi
|
|
MA, Golino
|
|
A, Gagliardi
|
|
C, Iorio
|
|
D, Marzullo
|
|
M
|
|
et al. Bioprosthesis replacement with mechanical valve implantation on the bioprosthetic ring. Surgical and 2D echo considerations. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 1993; 7(10):507–510 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8267989" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8267989</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>55.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref55">Sucha
|
|
D, Chamuleau
|
|
SA, Symersky
|
|
P, Meijs
|
|
MF, van den Brink
|
|
RB, de Mol
|
|
BA
|
|
et al. Baseline MDCT findings after prosthetic heart valve implantation provide important complementary information to echocardiography for follow-up purposes. European Radiology. 2016; 26(4):997–1006 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4778148/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4778148</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26474984" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26474984</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>56.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref56">Sucha
|
|
D, Symersky
|
|
P, Tanis
|
|
W, Mali
|
|
WP, Leiner
|
|
T, van Herwerden
|
|
LA
|
|
et al. Multimodality imaging assessment of prosthetic heart valves. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2015; 8(9):e003703 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26353926" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26353926</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>57.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref57">Symersky
|
|
P, Budde
|
|
RP, de Mol
|
|
BA, Prokop
|
|
M. Comparison of multidetector-row computed tomography to echocardiography and fluoroscopy for evaluation of patients with mechanical prosthetic valve obstruction. American Journal of Cardiology. 2009; 104(8):1128–1134 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19801036" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19801036</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>58.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref58">Tanguturi
|
|
VK, Hidrue
|
|
MK, Picard
|
|
MH, Atlas
|
|
SJ, Weilburg
|
|
JB, Ferris
|
|
TG
|
|
et al. Variation in the echocardiographic surveillance of primary mitral regurgitation. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2017; 10(8):e006495 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5581547/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5581547</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28774932" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28774932</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>59.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref59">Teeter
|
|
EG, Dakik
|
|
C, Cooter
|
|
M, Samad
|
|
Z, Ghadimi
|
|
K, Harrison
|
|
JK
|
|
et al. Assessment of paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Transesophageal echocardiography compared with transthoracic echocardiography. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2017; 31(4):1278–1284 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28800985" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28800985</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>60.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref60">Tsai
|
|
IC, Lin
|
|
YK, Chang
|
|
Y, Fu
|
|
YC, Wang
|
|
CC, Hsieh
|
|
SR
|
|
et al. Correctness of multi-detector-row computed tomography for diagnosing mechanical prosthetic heart valve disorders using operative findings as a gold standard. European Radiology. 2009; 19(4):857–867 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19037643" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19037643</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>61.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref61">Varma
|
|
PK, Theodore
|
|
S, Neema
|
|
PK, Ramachandran
|
|
P, Sivadasanpillai
|
|
H, Nair
|
|
KK
|
|
et al. Emergency surgery after percutaneous transmitral commissurotomy: operative versus echocardiographic findings, mechanisms of complications, and outcomes. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2005; 130(3):772–776 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16153927" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16153927</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>62.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref62">Weintraub
|
|
WS, Clements
|
|
SD, Dorney
|
|
ER, Corrigan
|
|
VE, Cohen
|
|
CL, Hendren
|
|
WG
|
|
et al. Clinical, echocardiographic, continuous wave and color Doppler evaluation of bioprosthetic cardiac valves in place for more than ten years. American Journal of Cardiology. 1990; 65(13):935–936 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2181848" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2181848</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>63.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng208er11.ref63">Wood
|
|
DA, Tops
|
|
LF, Mayo
|
|
JR, Pasupati
|
|
S, Schalij
|
|
MJ, Humphries
|
|
K
|
|
et al. Role of multislice computed tomography in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. American Journal of Cardiology. 2009; 103(9):1295–1301 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19406275" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19406275</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng208er11.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="niceng208er11.appa.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577830/bin/niceng208er11-appa-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 2. Review protocol: Monitoring in people with repaired or replaced heart valves</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 219K)</span></p><p id="niceng208er11.appa.et2"><a href="/books/NBK577830/bin/niceng208er11-appa-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 3. Health economic review protocol</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 179K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng208er11.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>
|
|
<u>Heart valve disease – search strategy 11 - monitoring of people with heart valve disease and no current indication for intervention AND monitoring in people with repaired or replaced heart valves</u>
|
|
</p><p>This literature search strategy was used for the following reviews:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Where there is no current indication for intervention, what is the most clinically and cost-effective type and frequency of test for monitoring in adults with heart valve disease?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>What is the most clinically and cost-effective frequency of echocardiography or clinical review for monitoring in adults with repaired or replaced heart valves?</div></li></ul></p><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.<a class="bibr" href="#niceng208er11.ref40" rid="niceng208er11.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></p><p>For more information, please see the Methodology review published as part of the accompanying documents for this guideline.</p><p id="niceng208er11.appb.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577830/bin/niceng208er11-appb-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 371K)</span></p><p id="niceng208er11.appb.et2"><a href="/books/NBK577830/bin/niceng208er11-appb-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 269K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng208er11.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="niceng208er11.appc.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577830/bin/niceng208er11-appc-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of monitoring in people with repaired or replaced heart valves</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 143K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng208er11.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p>No clinical evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><p>No clinical evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p>No clinical evidence was identified for this review.</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="niceng208er11.appg.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577830/bin/niceng208er11-appg-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (245K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng208er11.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p>No economic studies have been identified</p></div><div id="niceng208er11.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><p id="niceng208er11.appi.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577830/bin/niceng208er11-appi-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">I.1. Excluded clinical studies</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 154K)</span></p><p id="niceng208er11.appi.et2"><a href="/books/NBK577830/bin/niceng208er11-appi-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">I.2. Excluded health economic studies</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 131K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng208er11.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Research recommendations</h3><p id="niceng208er11.appj.et1"><a href="/books/NBK577830/bin/niceng208er11-appj-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">J.1. Monitoring after intervention</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 190K)</span></p></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final draft</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review underpinning recommendation 1.8.1 and the research recommendation in the NICE guideline</p><p>Developed by the National Guideline Centre, hosted by the Royal College of Physicians</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and, where appropriate, their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2021.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK577830</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143142" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">35143142</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng208er11tab1"><div id="niceng208er11.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577830/table/niceng208er11.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng208er11.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng208er11.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng208er11.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Inclusion:</p>
|
|
<p>Adults 18 years and over with heart valve disease and repaired or replaced heart valves, stratified by biological (including transcatheter) or mechanical valves and repair or replacement:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Repair</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Replacement with biological valves</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Replacement with homograft and autograft valves (including the Ross procedure)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Replacement with mechanical valves</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Replacement with mixture of biological and mechanical valves (i.e. some in population with biological and some with mechanical)</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
<p>A threshold of 75% will be used to assign studies to the above strata.</p>
|
|
<p>Exclusion:</p>
|
|
<p>Children aged less than 18 years.</p>
|
|
<p>Adults with congenital heart disease (excluding bicuspid aortic valves).</p>
|
|
<p>Tricuspid stenosis and pulmonary valve disease.</p></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng208er11.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions/tests</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng208er11.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Monitoring by echocardiography (transthoracic or transoesophageal) at various frequencies followed by appropriate valve re-do intervention:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>More frequently than once a year (<12 months e.g. every 3 or 6 months)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Once a year (every 12 months)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Less frequently than once a year (>12 months; e.g. every 2, 3 or 5 years)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng208er11.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng208er11.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Other active comparator listed above</p>
|
|
<p>No monitoring/clinical review (echo only performed if new symptoms emerge/symptoms worsen)</p></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng208er11.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng208er11.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Primary outcomes:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>All-cause mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cardiac mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Health-related quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Stroke or TIA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospitalisation for heart failure or other cardiac event</div></li></ul>
|
|
Secondary outcomes:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>New onset atrial fibrillation</div></li></ul>
|
|
All outcomes to be measured at 6 months (when follow-up is more frequent than once a year) and ≥12 months (for all monitoring frequencies). Where multiple time-points are reported within a single study, the longest time-point only will be extracted.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng208er11.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng208er11.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of RCTs. Published NMAs and IPDs will be considered for inclusion</p>
|
|
<p>If insufficient evidence is found from RCT, non-randomised studies (NRS) will be considered for inclusion.</p>
|
|
<p>Important confounders that NRS should be adjusted for:
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Dialysis (haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Poor INR control</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Endocarditis (provoking valve destruction earlier)</div></li></ul></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Book content -->
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js"> </script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID /projects/books/PBooks@9.11 portal104 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
|
|
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID"></span>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/js/3968615.js" snapshot="books"></script></body>
|
|
</html>
|