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products" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK577728_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for treatment options for women using absorbent containment products</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: management</div><p><b>Evidence review B</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 123</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Alliance (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2019 Apr</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3319-8</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch2.s1"><h2 id="_ch2_s1_">Treatment options for women using absorbent containment products</h2><div id="ch2.s1.1"><h3>Review question</h3><p>How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</p><div id="ch2.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>The aim of this review is to determine how often women using absorbent containment products should be reviewed for alternative treatment options. There is concern amongst stakeholders and the committee that many women are using containment products in the long term without opportunity for reassessment and that there is variation in the supply of absorbent containment products.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch2tab1" rid-ob="figobch2tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch2tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch2tab1" rid-ob="figobch2tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. Summary of protocol (PICO table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch2.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch2tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of protocol (PICO table). </p></div></div><p>For further details see review protocol in <a href="#ch2.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.3"><h4>Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014</a>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#ch2.appa">appendix A</a> and for a full description of the methods see supplementary material C.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2014 conflicts of interest policy until 31 March 2018. From 1 April 2018, declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2018 <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/about/who-we-are/policies-and-procedures" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">conflicts of interest policy</a>. Those interests declared until April 2018 were reclassified according to NICE’s 2018 conflicts of interest policy (see Register of Interests).</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.4"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="ch2.s1.1.4.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>A systematic review of the clinical literature was conducted but no studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#ch2.appb">appendix B</a> and the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch2.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.4.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch2.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.5"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.6"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.7"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="ch2.s1.1.7.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>A systematic review of the economic literature was conducted but no studies were identified which were applicable to this review question. See supplementary material D for further information.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.7.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.8"><h4>Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h4><p>No economic evaluations were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.9"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>This question was not prioritised for economic modelling because the evidence to base this on was anticipated to be limited.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.10"><h4>Clinical evidence statements</h4><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.11"><h4>Economic evidence statements</h4><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.12"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch2.s1.1.12.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch2.s1.1.12.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee considered the following three outcomes to be critical because they have the greatest impact on a woman’s quality of life and costs to the NHS: skin breakdown, ulcers, other procedures offered (i.e. surgery)/women moving to an alternative treatment option and incontinence specific health-related quality of life (e.g. ICIQ, BFLUTS, I-QOL, SUIQQ, UISS, SEAPI-QMM, ISI, KHQ and E-PAQ). The incidence of infection was an important outcome because urinary tract and skin infections are associated with significant morbidity. Patient satisfaction was an important outcome because these interventions affect daily life. No data for either the critical or important outcomes were identified.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.12.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>No clinical evidence on alternative treatment option review strategies for women who are using absorbent containment products was identified.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.12.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>The committee was aware that no clinical evidence was available. The committee developed recommendations as part of this evidence review based on their clinical expertise and experience and by consensus. No recommendations had been made in the previous guidelines on how reviews for women who are using absorbent containment products should be undertaken, and how often or by whom.</p><p>The committee was aware of the need to review women who are using absorbent containment products to identify whether their condition had changed within the last 12 months and assess whether these women were suitable for alternative treatment options to reduce the need for long-term management with absorbent containment products. The committee agreed that reassessment at least once a year was necessary since some women currently may never have a review of their care once they had been given absorbent containment products. The committee discussed the important factors that need to be considered during this assessment. They were aware that there are many patient, lifestyle, social and environmental factors which may affect urinary incontinence and of the woman’s need for absorbent containment products should also be reviewed regularly. Women using absorbent containment products are prone to skin breakdown especially if there is prolonged contact with urine, and the committee recommended that this should be regularly assessed.</p><p>In particular the committee agreed that the review should include an examination to confirm skin integrity because containment products may result in vulval skin breakdown which can cause discomfort and distress.</p><p>Reviewing the impact of co-morbidities and their treatments may mean that alternatives to containment products can be offered. The committee agreed that a review should include assessments of:
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<ul id="ch2.l5"><li id="ch2.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>whether the product is needed at all</div></li><li id="ch2.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>whether it is effective (by assessing continence and the efficacy and quantities used)</div></li><li id="ch2.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>whether the product adversely affects the skin because of the residual moisture</div></li><li id="ch2.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>whether alternative short or long-term options should to be explored to see if another treatment may be suitable or preferable</div></li><li id="ch2.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>whether the use of the product impacts on other aspects of life (for example on lifestyle and comorbidities).</div></li></ul></p><p>The committee agreed that the provision of routine review of the use of absorbent containment products will lead to:
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<ul id="ch2.l6"><li id="ch2.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>more reviews being undertaken</div></li><li id="ch2.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>provide access to opportunities for further care and support by trained professionals,</div></li><li id="ch2.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>prevent women remaining on long-term use of absorbent containment products when alternatives may be better options, thereby improving quality of life.</div></li></ul></p><p>The committee acknowledged that there is variation in practice as to who actually carries out reviews of women who are using absorbent containment products, and variation in service provision. Reviews may be undertaken by a healthcare professional (for example, nurses, physiotherapists, or an assistant practitioner who works within a nursing service) or may be delegated to non-healthcare professionals. The committee was concerned that reviews may be being delegated to non-healthcare professionals without supervision by healthcare professionals trained in continence assessment, and noticed the need for recommendations on appropriate delegation. The committee decided that it was important to provide a recommendation to standardise practice to ensure that reviews are undertaken or supervised by healthcare professionals trained in continence assessment.</p><p>Due to the lack of evidence the committee also discussed whether a research recommendation was needed. However, they decided that it would be difficult to create a study where women would be given different approaches to reviews of absorbent containment products (how often and by whom) since this would vary widely and would need to be tailored to each individual woman’s preferences and circumstances. This was considered a low priority area for research.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.12.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>No economic evidence on alternative treatment option review strategies for women who are using absorbent containment products was available.</p><p>The committee expressed the view that many women are using absorbent containment products and it is a high-cost area for the NHS. Moreover, both women with SUI and a general UI population were being considered. As a result, small changes to the treatment review strategies are likely to have significant cost implications to the NHS. For example, every woman will need to be reviewed by someone with a certain skill and expertise every six months to a year. Therefore, only small differences in staff pay rates or merely changing the frequency from once to twice a year etc., would potentially have a large cost impact on the NHS. The committee discussed the potential cost implications associated with ensuring that services are adequately resourced to undertake routine reviews.</p><p>The committee explained that even though a more frequent review would be more costly in terms of staff costs it might identify the need for appropriate treatment sooner. Timely, appropriate and effective treatment could save substantial sums of money to the NHS. In most cases the trade-off is between the prolonged use of absorbent containment products, occasionally for up to 20 years, and the effective appropriate conservative or surgical treatment that may have high initial costs, but potentially prevent the long-term, inefficient use of pads. There is enormous waste associated with inappropriate use of conservative treatment options, mainly pads, and that this results in substantial costs to the NHS.</p><p>The committee noted that any additional treatment costs associated with undertaking any review strategy that leads to the timely identification, and appropriate treatment, of urinary incontinence would likely be outweighed by both the longer-term improvements in health outcomes and the potential future cost savings to the healthcare system. The committee agreed that delays in appropriate treatment exacerbate symptoms and worsen the condition (by not treating it effectively), leading to enormous waste in absorbent products (that is, pads and other associated consumables). Furthermore, providing appropriate treatment (conservative or surgical) may lead to substantial cost savings to the NHS through the reduction of prolonged and inefficient use of absorbent products. The costs of which, over time, add up to substantial sums to the NHS.</p></div><div id="ch2.s1.1.12.3"><h5>Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>The committee agreed that these recommendations should consider older women and those with cognitive and physical impairments who may particularly benefit from the recommendations.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.rl.r1"><h4>References</h4><ul class="simple-list"><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question</p></ul></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup2"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup2_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch2.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><div id="ch2.appa.s1"><h4>Review protocol for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p id="ch2.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch2appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 2. Review protocol for alternative treatment options for women using absorbent containment products</a></p></div></div><div id="ch2.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="ch2.appb.s1"><h4>Literature search strategies for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p>
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<b>Database: Medline & Embase (Multifile)</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Last searched on Embase Classic+Embase 1947 to 2017 April 27, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present</b>
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</p><p id="ch2.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch2appbtab1" class="figpopup">Date of last search: 28<sup>th</sup> April 2017</a></p><div id="ch2.appb.s1.1"><h5>Database: Cochrane Library via Wiley Online</h5><p id="ch2.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch2appbtab2" class="figpopup">Date of last search: 28<sup>th</sup> April 2017</a></p></div><div id="ch2.appb.s1.2"><h5>Database: Cinahl Plus</h5><p id="ch2.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch2appbtab3" class="figpopup">Date of last search: 28<sup>th</sup> April 2017</a></p></div></div></div><div id="ch2.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch2.appc.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence study selection for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p id="ch2.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK577728/figure/ch2.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch2appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. PRISMA flow chart for review question: how often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</a></p></div></div><div id="ch2.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="ch2.appd.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch2.appe.s1"><h4>Forest plots for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="ch2.appf.s1"><h4>GRADE tables for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch2.appg.s1"><h4>Economic evidence study selection for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p>One global search was conducted for this review question. See supplementary material D for further information.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><div id="ch2.apph.s1"><h4>Economic evidence tables for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p>No economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Economic evidence profiles</h3><div id="ch2.appi.s1"><h4>Economic evidence profiles for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p>No economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Economic analysis</h3><div id="ch2.appj.s1"><h4>Economic evidence analysis for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p>No economic analysis was conducted for this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch2.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch2.appk.s1"><h4>Excluded studies for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><div id="ch2.appk.s1.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><p id="ch2.appk.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch2appktab1" class="figpopup">Table 3. Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</a></p></div><div id="ch2.appk.s1.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review question. See supplementary document D for further information.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch2.appl"><h3>Appendix L. Research recommendations</h3><div id="ch2.appl.s1"><h4>Research recommendations for review question: How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</h4><p>No research recommendation was made for this review question.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews</p><p>These evidence reviews were developed by the National Guideline Alliance hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK577728</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35138778" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">35138778</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch2tab1"><div id="ch2.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch2.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch2.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch2.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Women over 18 years of age with urinary incontinence using absorbent containment products.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch2.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_ch2.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Scheduled review of absorbent containment product management.</p>
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<p>Comparisons of:
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<ul id="ch2.l1"><li id="ch2.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>Frequency</div></li><li id="ch2.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>Healthcare professional conducting assessment (e.g. other HCP or district nursing service)</div></li><li id="ch2.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>Components of assessment.</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch2.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_ch2.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Scheduled review of absorbent containment product management:
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<ul id="ch2.l2"><li id="ch2.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>Annual review</div></li><li id="ch2.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review by community continence nurse (Continence Service)</div></li><li id="ch2.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>Components of assessment.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch2.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch2.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Critical</b>
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<ul id="ch2.l3"><li id="ch2.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>Skin breakdown, ulcers</div></li><li id="ch2.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other procedures offered (i.e. surgery)/Women moving to an alternative treatment option</div></li><li id="ch2.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Incontinence specific health-related quality of life (e.g. ICIQ, BFLUTS, I-QOL, SUIQQ, UISS, SEAPI-QMM, ISI and KHQ and E-PAQ.</div></li></ul>
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<b>Important</b>
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<ul id="ch2.l4"><li id="ch2.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li id="ch2.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Patient satisfaction</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BFLUTS: Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms; E-PAQ: Electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaires; HCP: Healthcare Professional; ICIQ: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire; I-QOL: Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire; ISI: Incontinence Symptom Index; KHQ: Kings Health Questionnaire; SEAPI-QMM: Incontinence Classification System; SUIQQ: Stress and Urgency Incontinence and Quality of Life Questionnaire; UISS: Urinary Incontinence Severity Score.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch2appatab1"><div id="ch2.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Review protocol for alternative treatment options for women using absorbent containment products</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch2.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a>)</th><th id="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">How often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The aim of this review is to determine how often women using absorbent containment products should be reviewed for alternative treatment options. There is concern amongst stakeholders and the Guideline Committee that many women are using containment products in the long term without opportunity for reassessment, that there is variation in the supply of absorbent containment products.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Women over 18 years of age with urinary incontinence using absorbent containment products.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Scheduled review of absorbent containment product management.</p>
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<p>
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<b>Comparisons of:</b>
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<ul id="ch2.l7"><li id="ch2.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Frequency</div></li><li id="ch2.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Healthcare professional conducting assessment (e.g. other HCP or district nursing service)</div></li><li id="ch2.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>Components of assessment.</div></li></ul>
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</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Scheduled review of absorbent containment product management:</p>
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<p>Annual review</p>
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<p>Review by community continence nurse (Continence Service)</p>
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<p>Components of assessment</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Critical</b>
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<ul id="ch2.l8"><li id="ch2.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>Skin breakdown, ulcers</div></li><li id="ch2.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other procedures offered (i.e. surgery)/Women moving to an alternative treatment option</div></li><li id="ch2.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>Incontinence specific health-related quality of life (e.g. ICIQ, BFLUTS, I-QOL, SUIQQ, UISS, SEAPI-QMM, ISI and KHQ and E-PAQ.</div></li></ul>
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<b>Important</b>
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<ul id="ch2.l9"><li id="ch2.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection</div></li><li id="ch2.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>Patient satisfaction</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Systematic reviews of RCT</p>
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<p>RCT</p>
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<p>Comparative cohort studies will be included if no RCT evidence is retrieved.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients with neurological disease will be excluded as per the scope.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Special consideration will be given to the following groups for which data will be reviewed and analysed separately if available:
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<ul id="ch2.l10"><li id="ch2.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>older women</div></li><li id="ch2.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>women with physical disabilities</div></li><li id="ch2.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>women with cognitive impairment</div></li></ul>
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Special consideration of women who are considering future pregnancy was not prioritised for this question.</p>
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<p>Stratify outcomes based on long-term or short-term.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Formal duplicate screening will not be undertaken for this question, although there will be senior supervision of the selection process. Hard copies of retrieved papers will be read by two reviewers and any disputes will be resolved in discussion with the Topic Advisor. Data extraction will be supervised by a senior reviewer. Draft excluded studies and evidence tables will be discussed with the Topic Advisor, prior to circulation to the Topic Group for their comments. Resolution of disputes will be by discussion between the senior reviewer, Topic Advisor and Chair.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Pairwise meta-analyses, if possible, will be performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
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<p>‘GRADEpro’ will be used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
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<p>NGA STAR software will be used for generating bibliographies/citations, study sifting, data extraction and recording quality assessment using checklists.</p>
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|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Sources to be searched: Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Embase</p>
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<p>Limits (e.g. date, study design):</p>
|
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<p>Apply standard animal/non-English language exclusion</p>
|
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<p>Limit to RCTs and systematic reviews in first instance but download all results</p>
|
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<p>Dates from 1995.</p>
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<p>For full details please see <a href="#ch2.appb">appendix B</a>.</p>
|
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>This is a new review question in the guideline that will add to current recommendations in CG171:</p>
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<p>1.6.1 Absorbent products, hand held urinals and toileting aids should not be considered as a treatment for UI. Use them only as:
|
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<ul id="ch2.l11"><li id="ch2.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>a coping strategy pending definitive treatment</div></li><li id="ch2.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>an adjunct to ongoing therapy</div></li><li id="ch2.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>long-term management of UI only after treatment options have been explored. [2006]</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Developer: The National Guideline Alliance</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10035" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10035</a>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch2.appb">appendix B</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch2.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch2.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch2.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch2.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis (where suitable)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details of the methods please see supplementary material C.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>If sufficient relevant RCT evidence is available, publication bias will be explored using RevMan software to examine funnel plots.</p>
|
|
<p>Trial registries will be examined to identify missing evidence: <a href="http://Clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinical trials.gov</a>, NIHR Clinical Trials Gateway.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The GRADE approach was used. For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – Current management</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by the National Guideline Alliance and chaired by Dr Fergus Macbeth in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Staff from the National Guideline Alliance undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details of the methods please see supplementary material C.</p>
|
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds the National Guideline Alliance to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health, and social care in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered with PROSPERO.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch2appbtab1"><div id="ch2.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Date of last search: 28<sup>th</sup> April 2017</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch2.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Urinary Incontinence/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">urine incontinence/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Urinary Incontinence, Stress/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stress incontinence/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Urinary Incontinence, Urge/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">urge incontinence/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Urinary Bladder, Overactive/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">overactive bladder/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">bladder instability/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nocturia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nocturia/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Enuresis/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp enuresis/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">mixed incontinence/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((stress$ or mix$ or urg$ or urin$) adj5 incontinen$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(bladder$ adj5 (overactiv$ or over activ$ or over-activ$ or instabilit$ or hyper-reflex$ or hyperreflex$ or hyper reflex$ or incontinen$)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(detrusor$ adj5 (overactiv$ or over activ$ or over-activ$ or instabilit$ or hyper-reflex$ or hyperreflex$ or hyper reflex$)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OAB.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((urgency adj2 frequency) or (frequency adj2 urgency)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((urin$ or bladder$) adj2 (urg$ or frequen$)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(nocturia$ or enuresis$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUI.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Absorbent Pads/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp diaper/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">absorbent pad/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">hygiene product/ use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((continen$ or incontinen$ or absorb$ or contain$ or dispos$ or protect$ or control$) adj3 (pad$ or product$ or liner$ or shield$)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(underpad$ or bedpad$ or underlay pad$ or under-pad$ or bed-pad$ or under-lay pad$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pant or pants or diaper$ or napkin$ or towel$).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(panty adj (liner$ or shield$)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 and 32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 33</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 34 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 41 or 42 or 43</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 not 45</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 or 51 or 52</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 or 56 or 57 or 58 or 59</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60 not 61</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 or 63 or 64 or 65 or 66 or 67 or 68 or 69</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70 use emczd</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54 or 71</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35 and 72</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35 not 73</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 74 to yr=“1990 -Current”</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch2appbtab2"><div id="ch2.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Date of last search: 28<sup>th</sup> April 2017</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch2.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Urinary Incontinence] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Urinary Incontinence, Urge] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Urinary Incontinence, Stress] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Urinary Bladder, Overactive] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Nocturia] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Enuresis] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((stress* or mix* or urg* or urin*) near/5 incontinen*):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(bladder* near/5 (overactiv* or over activ* or over-activ* or instabilit* or hyper-reflex* or hyperreflex* or hyper reflex* or incontinen*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OAB:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((urgency NEAR.2 frequency) or (frequency near/2 urgency)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(detrusor* near/5 (overactiv* or over activ* or over-activ* or instabilit* or hyper-reflex* or hyperreflex* or hyper reflex* or incontinen*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(nocturia* or enuresis*):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SUI:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((urin* or bladder*) near/2 (urg* or frequen*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13 or #14</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Absorbent Pads] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((continen* or incontinen* or absorb* or contain* or dispos* or protect* or control*) near/5 (pad* or product* or liner* or shield*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(underpad* or bedpad* or underlay pad* or under-pad* or bed-pad* or under-lay pad*):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pant or pants or diaper* or napkin* or towel*):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(panty next (liner* or shield*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15 and #21 Publication Year from 1980 to 2017</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch2appbtab3"><div id="ch2.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Date of last search: 28<sup>th</sup> April 2017</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch2.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S9 AND S14 [Limiters - Publication Year: 1990-2017, Language: English]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (panty N2 (liner* or shield*)) or AB (panty N2 (liner* or shield*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (underpad* or bedpad* or underlay pad* or under-pad* or bed-pad* or under-lay pad* or pant or pants or diaper* or napkin* or towel*) or AB (underpad* or bedpad* or underlay pad* or under-pad* or bed-pad* or under-lay pad* or pant or pants or diaper* or napkin* or towel*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI ((continen* or incontinen* or absorb* or contain* or dispos* or protect* or control*) N3 (pad* or product* or liner* or shield*)) or AB ((continen* or incontinen* or absorb* or contain* or dispos* or protect* or control*) N3 (pad* or product* or liner* or shield*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “INCONTINENCE AIDS”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (urgency N3 frequency) or AB (urgency N3 frequency)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI ((urin* or bladder*) N3 (urg* or frequen*)) or AB ((urin* or bladder*) N3 (urg* or frequen*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (nocturia* or enuresis*) or AB (nocturia* or enuresis*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (OAB or SUI) or AB (OAB or SUI)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (detrusor* N3 (overactiv* or over activ* or over-activ* or instabilit* or hyper-reflex* or hyperreflex* or hyper reflex*)) or AB (detrusor* N3 (overactiv* or over activ* or over-activ* or instabilit* or hyper-reflex* or hyperreflex* or hyper reflex*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI (bladder* N3 (overactiv* or over activ* or over-activ* or instabilit* or hyper-reflex* or hyperreflex* or hyper reflex* or incontinen*)) or AB (bladder* N3 (overactiv* or over activ* or over-activ* or instabilit* or hyper-reflex* or hyperreflex* or hyper reflex* or incontinen*))</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TI ((stress* or urg* or urin* or mix*) N3 incontinen*) or AB ((stress* or urg* or urin* or mix*) N3 incontinen*)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">S1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(MH “URINARY INCONTINENCE”) OR (MH “STRESS INCONTINENCE”) OR (MH “URGE INCONTINENCE”) OR (MH “OVERACTIVE BLADDER”)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch2appcfig1"><div id="ch2.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20PRISMA%20flow%20chart%20for%20review%20question%3A%20how%20often%2C%20by%20whom%20and%20how%20should%20alternative%20treatment%20options%20be%20reviewed%20for%20women%20who%20are%20using%20absorbent%20containment%20products%3F&p=BOOKS&id=577728_ch2appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK577728/bin/ch2appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. PRISMA flow chart for review question: how often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">PRISMA flow chart for review question: how often, by whom and how should alternative treatment options be reviewed for women who are using absorbent containment products?</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch2appktab1"><div id="ch2.appk.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK577728/table/ch2.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch2.appk.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Excluded studies</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anders, K., Recent developments in stress urinary incontinence in women, Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987), 20, 48-54, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Benvenuti, F., Banfi, R., D’Ippolito, P., Cottenden, A., Mencarelli, M. A., Di Benedetto, P., Criteria for prescribing aids for the management of urinary incontinence, Europa Medicophysica, 39, 101-110, 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Desai, N., Keane, T., Wagg, A., Wardle, J., Provision of continence pads by the continence services in Great Britain: fair all round?, Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society / WOCN, 35, 510-514, 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population and intervention not relevant- questionnaire data only, no comparative data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Houston, K. A., Incontinence and the older woman, Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 9, 157-171, 1993</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kehinde, Olufunmilola, Common incontinence problems seen by community nurses, Journal of Community Nursing, 30, 46-55, 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kinn, A. C., Zaar, A., Quality of life and urinary incontinence pad use in women, International Urogynecology Journal, 9, 83-87, 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet inclusion criteria - no comparative data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Masuko, Tendayi, Continence product use: a review, Journal of Community Nursing, 26, 21-26, 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet inclusion criteria - no comparator group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McKeever, M. P., An investigation of recognized incontinence within a health authority, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15, 1197-1207, 1990</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data is not presented separately for women</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Payne, D., Selecting appropriate absorbent products to treat urinary incontinence, British journal of community nursing, 20, 551-558, 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peet, S. M., Castleden, C. M., McGrother, C. W., Duffin, H. M., The management of urinary incontinence in residential and nursing homes for older people, Age and Ageing, 25, 139-143, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data is not presented separately for women</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ping, Yu, Traynor, Victoria, Hailey, David, Urinary continence care in Australian nursing homes, Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32, 39-46, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet inclusion criteria - no comparative data</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pyne, K., Stott, M., Continence. Delivering the best service, Nursing Times, 92, 60-62, 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant to protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reid, Janice, Managing urinary incontinence: guidelines for community nurses, Journal of Community Nursing, 28, 20-26, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rivas Cerdeira, R. M., Cantarero Lafuente, L., La Orden Macorra, M. J., Reina Garfia, M. M., Burgos Gorjón, MÁ, Páez Fernández, A., Díaz Rico, MÁ, Efficiency of an intervention carried out by liaison nurses in the prescribing of absorbents, Metas de Enfermería, 10, 28-31, 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unable to obtain full text publication</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smith, J. P., The problem of incontinence. 1982, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53, 493-494, 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial article</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sprinks, J., Treatment not pads, Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987), 27, 23, 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thakar, R., Stanton, S., Regular review: management of urinary incontinence in women, BMJ, 321, 1326-31, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wagg, A. S., Newman, D. K., Leichsenring, K., van Houten, P., Developing an internationally-applicable service specification for continence care: systematic review, evidence synthesis and expert consensus, PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource], 9, e104129, 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - references checked for inclusion</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wells, M., Meeting the needs of people with urinary incontinence, Community nurse, 6, 35-36, 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch2.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative literature review</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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